Mechanical Drawing STD

ENGINEERING STANDARDS
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION OF DOLE FOOD COMPANY AND IS SUBJECT
TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE CONFIDENTIALITY AND/OR MANUFACTURING/SUPPLIER
AGREEMENT BETWEEN DOLE AND CONTRACTOR.
TITLE : MECHANICAL DRAWING STANDARD
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
SUPERSEDES : . ISSUE : ___________
1.0 OBJECTIVE
This document provides the mechanical drawing basic principles and practices
for creating and editing mechanical drawings based on ANSI, SI, ISO and ASME
drawing standard.
2.0 SCOPE
This standard defines guidelines in making mechanical working drawings for a

certain mechanical parts or object. It includes all the information needed to
fabricate each part, and specify all standard components represented by different
views and dimensions.
3.0 LINEWEIGHT (Same as the previous standard implemented)
4.0 FONTS, COLORS, & LAYERS (Same as the previous standard implemented)
5.0 DRAWING SCALE
Whenever possible, the drawing should be presented in true scale (scale 1:1),
otherwise, standard scale is to be select whether scale-down or scale-up.
If there is a need for a larger or smaller scale, use the scale with a certain factor
that would fit for detailing.
Some scale factor is shown below,
Scale-down Scale up
1:2 2:1
1:5 5:1
1:10 10:1
Note: Part should not be scaled up to the sheet width, but up to a level in which the
dimensions will be clearly applied.
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
6.0 SCALE ANNOTATION (Same as the previous standard implemented)

7.0 LINETYPES ( Same as the previous standard implemented)
8.0 DIMENSIONING
8.1 General principles
8.1.1 Do not dimension hidden lines if possible.
8.1.2 Do not dimension a feature twice in the same drawing. A dimension

should appear only once, except when it is needed for better
understanding.
8.1.3 A feature dimension will be given in the same view where the
feature is most clearly visible.
8.1.4 Dimension positioning: the dimension will be drawn as close as

possible to the middle of the dimension line, or above it. The
dimension will be drawn parallel to the dimension line (horizontal or
vertical) except for drill holes/threads dimensions, were the
dimension will be always horizontal as shown.
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DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
8.2 UNITS
The unit of measurement on a drawing is in millimetres (Metric Units)
unless specified and should be stated. Just like in pipe sizes, non-metric
thread sizes, sprocket pitch, and ect should be represented in English unit
only.
Example; 3/8” Drill Size Conversion to
2” SS Pipe, Sch. 40 Metric Unit not applicable
1” NC x 8TPI Hex Bolt
1” Pitch Sprockets
All dimensions of the same type should be in the same unit of
measurement.
Decimal
Metric Units 0.00 mm
English 0.0000 inch
8.3 TOLERANCE
Dimensions should have an associated tolerance. As recommended, use
unilateral tolerance rather than bilateral tolerance which correspond to the
type of fits.
Recommended tolerances can be found in Machine Tool Practices.
8.4 SPECIFIED DIMENSION
In general, using specified dimension is the simple way in detailing

working drawing. However, if the dimension is impracticable to place, a
letter symbol or a number will do so called tabular dimension.
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
8.5 TABULAR DIMENSION
Tabular dimension is using a mark (letter or number) instead a true value

in detailing working drawing with a table added in title block to indicate the
mark description.
Its advantage;
 Repeated objects to be detail (such as perforated plates,
piping lines, frames & rebars ect.)
 Congested space in working drawing
 Variable value
Note: Tabular dimension should not be used in non-congested space, blow-up details,
machining drawings and section views.
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
9.0 DETAIL DRAWING
9.1 Function
A detail drawing is a drawing of a part which provides all the information

needed to fabricate the part. This includes the part’s shape, dimensions,
material, and any special requirements, e.g., surface finish or heat
treatment.
9.2 Projection views
There are two ways to create drawing projection views:

European ISO – First angle Projection
US ANSI – Third Angle Projection (Preferred)
Projection can be illustrated in a cross of planes that creates the four

quarters as shown:
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DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION VS FIRST ANGLE PROJECTTION
NOTE: The preferred orthographic views should be in third angle projection instead of
first angle projection.
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
9.3 Orthographic Views
Normally at least three orthographic views (front, top, and right side)
should be shown as well as an isometric view.
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
9.4 Section View
General principles
9.4.1 Section view is created by cutting the part and removing the cut
area to show form and structure of the cut plan.
9.4.2 One should not make a section view out of an existing section view
9.4.3 The cut is positioned in line with the arrows that show the section
view line and the projection direction.
9.4.4 The section views should appear on the same drawing sheet with
the section origin view. In case that the drawing sheet is too loaded,
and there are many section views, it is common practice to move
the section views to the next sheet.
9.4.5 Views / section views are labelled with capital letters. The labelling
will start with "A" and will continue alphabetically. One should not
start the labelling randomly.
Common Section Views
Full section view

Half Section View
Broken-out Section View
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
9.4.6 Full section view
Full section view is achieved when the cutting plane divides the
whole part.
If the drawn parts are simple round ones, like a bushing or a disk,
one can use the full section view as the single view of the part, with
or without the need for the section source view or the need to label
the section.
Full Section View

INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
9.4.7 Half section view
Half section is usually used for symmetrical parts. The line that
connects the full view and the half section view will be the
symmetry line and not a body line. Hidden lines should not be used
in half section views. There is no need to mark the cut line, and
there is no need to label the view. The given dimensions should be
divided into two groups: External dimensions in the full view area
and internal dimensions in the half section view area.
Half Section View

INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
9.4.8 Broken-out Section View
Broken-out section is made when there is no reason to make a full

body section but there are some features that can be missed
without the use of cut sections. Usually the use of broken-out
section is when the part is a large one, and there a rather small
detail in it which needs to be shown.
Broken-out Section View
10.0 UNIFIED Thread SYMBOL
Usually bolts and screws have unified thread design. The major components of
thread are shown below.
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
10.1 External Thread Symbols
Type of Thread Symbols

 Pictorial Symbol
 Schematic Symbol
 Simplified Symbol
Pictorial Symbol Schematic Symbol
Simplified Symbol
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
10.2 Internal Thread Symbols
Pictorial Symbol
Schematic Symbol
Simplified Symbol
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
10.3 A Tap and A Hole
Pictorial Symbol
Schematic Symbol
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
11.0 COMMON mechanical ABRREVIATION
Across Flats ACR FLT Kilogram kg

American National Standards Kilometer km
ANSI
Institute Left Hand LH
Approximate APPROX Length LG
Assembly ASSY Liter L
Bill of Materials B/M Material MATL
Bolt Circle BC Maximum MAX
Carbon Steel CS Maximum Material Condition MMC
Casting CSTG Meter m
Cast Iron CI Metric Thread M
Center Line CL Micrometer μm
Center to Center C to C Millimeter mm
Centimeter cm Minimum MIN
Chamfer CHAM Nominal NOM
Cold-Rolled Steel CRS Number NO.
Concentric CONC Outside Diameter OD
Counterbore CBORE Overall OA
Counterdrill CDRILL Pitch P
Countersink CSK Radius R
Depth DP Reference or Reference Dimension ( ) or REF
Diameter Ø or DIA Right Hand RH
Drawing DWG Slotted SLOT
Equally Spaced EQL SP Spherical SPHER
Finish All Over FAO Square SQ
Gage GA Steel STL
Heat Treat HT TR Surface SURF
Hexagon HEX Symmetrical SYM
Inside Diameter ID Through THRU
International Standards Organization ISO Tolerance TOL
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DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
12.0 PIPE FITTINGS AND VALVES SYMBOLS

INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
CONTINUATION…
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
CONTINUATION…
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
13.0 WELD CONNECTIONS AND WELD SYMBOLS

INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
13.1 Basic Weld Symbols
13.2 Supplementary Symbol

INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
13.3 Weld Size and Length
er
r
Weld size
Weld Length
Fillet Weld Symbols

INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
14.0 DRAWING FORMAT
14.1 Drawing Sizes
All drawings shall be made on one of the following International

Organization for Standardization (ISO):
Standard Sizes
Horizontal
A1 (840 x 594 mm)
A2 (594 x 420 mm)
A3 (420 x 297 mm) Preferred paper size
A4 (297 x 210 mm)
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
14.2 Title Block

The title block of each drawing contains the following data:
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
14.3 Drawing Set Organization & Document Control

(Same as the previous standard implemented)
15.0 Revision’s Block
15.1 Location and Content
As per ANSI / ASME Y14.3M-1997 (R2003), the revision block should be

located in the upper right corner of the drawing. The block should include
columns for:
1. The zones of the drawing where the revisions have been made
2. Revision letters in uppercase (Index)
3. Description of change/s
4. Date of approval of the change/s (in format MMDDYY)
5. Name of approver/s
General Principles
15.1.1 Space should be reserved to extend the revision block downward
as required.
15.1.2 The original drawing which have no revision should fill with a
dashed line. The first revision to the original drawing is revision
“A”. After reaching the letter "Z", the labeling will continued with
"AA", "AB" and so on.
15.1.3 The description of the revision shall include the previous value
and the new value.
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
15.2 Revision Index
The value of revision index in working drawing plays important rule

especially in documentation process. The starting revision index will be
letter “A” and a dash “_” represent for no revision.
Revision Index
In case/s of zero revision; the column of the revision block will be made as
shown below:
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DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
16.0 Surface TEXTURE
As per ASME Y14.36-1996 (R2002) “All surfaces to be 3.2 µm unless

otherwise specified to a higher type of finish”. The unit use in surface finish
is in micrometer (μm).
As per Machinery’s Handbook for high polished surface, use the following
value depending of the type of process involve;
Value (μm)
Planing & Shaping 25 – 0.4
Milling 25 – 0.2
Boring & Turning 25 – 0.025
Stone Grinding 6.3 – 0.025
Electrolytic Grinding 0.8 – 0.10 Machinery’s Handbook
Honing 1.6 – 0.025
Polishing 0.8 – 0.012
Lapping 0.8 – 0.012
Superfinishing 0.2 – 0.012
Surface Texture
INDEX NO. : ______________ PAGE : _____
DATE : ______ ISSUE : _____
17.0 BILL OF MATERIALS
A bill of materials is a tabular listing of all the parts, standard components,

and assembly or subassemblies in a working drawing.
A bill of materials should include columns for;
1. Item numbers (which appear in balloons with leader lines to item)

2. Descriptions (words which describe the part or subassembly)
3. Drawing numbers or part numbers
4. Vendor information (Optional)
5. Quantities
Entries should appear in numerical order by item number with the lowest
number at the top of the list.
17.1 Location
Bill of material should be place in one of the following locations:
1. Upper-left corner of the drawing sheet touching the top and left
border lines
2. Lower-left corner of the drawing sheet touching the left and
bottom border lines
3. Above the title block touching the right border line and the title
block
4. To the left of the title block touching the bottom border line and
the title block
Note: The chosen location should maximize the usable space.

Mechanical Drawing STD

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Mechanical Drawing STD

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ENGINEERING STANDARDS

This standard defines guidelines in making mechanical working drawings for a

5.0 DRAWING SCALE

6.0 SCALE ANNOTATION (Same as the previous standard implemented)

8.1 General principles

8.1.1 Do not dimension hidden lines if possible.

8.1.2 Do not dimension a feature twice in the same drawing. A dimension

8.1.4 Dimension positioning: the dimension will be drawn as close as

8.4 SPECIFIED DIMENSION

In general, using specified dimension is the simple way in detailing

8.5 TABULAR DIMENSION

Tabular dimension is using a mark (letter or number) instead a true value

9.0 DETAIL DRAWING

A detail drawing is a drawing of a part which provides all the information

9.2 Projection views

There are two ways to create drawing projection views:

Projection can be illustrated in a cross of planes that creates the four

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION VS FIRST ANGLE PROJECTTION

9.3 Orthographic Views

9.4 Section View

Common Section Views

Full section view

9.4.6 Full section view

Full Section View

9.4.7 Half section view

Half Section View

9.4.8 Broken-out Section View

Broken-out section is made when there is no reason to make a full

Broken-out Section View

10.0 UNIFIED Thread SYMBOL

10.1 External Thread Symbols

Type of Thread Symbols

Pictorial Symbol Schematic Symbol

10.2 Internal Thread Symbols

10.3 A Tap and A Hole

11.0 COMMON mechanical ABRREVIATION

Across Flats ACR FLT Kilogram kg

12.0 PIPE FITTINGS AND VALVES SYMBOLS

13.0 WELD CONNECTIONS AND WELD SYMBOLS

13.1 Basic Weld Symbols

13.2 Supplementary Symbol

13.3 Weld Size and Length

Fillet Weld Symbols

14.0 DRAWING FORMAT

14.1 Drawing Sizes

All drawings shall be made on one of the following International

14.2 Title Block

14.3 Drawing Set Organization & Document Control

15.0 Revision’s Block

15.1 Location and Content

As per ANSI / ASME Y14.3M-1997 (R2003), the revision block should be

15.2 Revision Index

The value of revision index in working drawing plays important rule

16.0 Surface TEXTURE

As per ASME Y14.36-1996 (R2002) “All surfaces to be 3.2 µm unless

17.0 BILL OF MATERIALS

A bill of materials is a tabular listing of all the parts, standard components,

A bill of materials should include columns for;

1. Item numbers (which appear in balloons with leader lines to item)

Bill of material should be place in one of the following locations:

Note: The chosen location should maximize the usable space.

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