Universe

he Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either
directly or indirectly. Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest are the eight
planets with the remainder being smaller objects, the dwarf planets and small Solar System
bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the moons—two are larger than the smallest
planet, Mercury
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant
interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with the
majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets,
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and
metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the
terrestrials. The two largest planets, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly
of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being
composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and
helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost
circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.
The Solar System also contains smaller objects. The asteroid belt, which lies between the orbits
of Mars and Jupiter, mostly contains objects composed, like the terrestrial planets, of rock and
metal. Beyond Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, which are populations
of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices, and beyond them a newly discovered
population of sednoids. Within these populations, some objects are large enough to have
rounded under their own gravity, though there is considerable debate as to how many there will
prove to be. Such objects are categorized as dwarf planets. Identified or accepted dwarf planets
include the asteroid Ceres and the trans-Neptunian objects Pluto and Eris. In addition to these
two regions, various other small-body populations, including comets, centaurs and interplanetary
dust clouds, freely travel between regions. Six of the planets, the six largest possible dwarf
planets, and many of the smaller bodies are orbited by natural satellites, usually termed "moons"
after the Moon. Each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other small
objects.
The solar wind, a stream of charged particles flowing outwards from the Sun, creates a bubble-
like region in the interstellar medium known as the heliosphere. The heliopause is the point at
which pressure from the solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of the interstellar medium;
it extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The Oort cloud, which is thought to be the source
for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance roughly a thousand times further than the
heliosphere. The Solar System is located in the Orion Arm, 26,000 light-years from the center of
the Milky Way galaxy.

Questions on Universe
1. Which star is at the centre of our Solar System? Sun.
2. What is the diameter of Sun? 1,392,684 km (865,374 mi).
3. What percent of the solar system’s mass does Sun holds? 99.8 percent.
4. How many stars are in the Milky Way? more than 100 billion.
5. When was Sun born? roughly 4.6 billion years ago.
6. What is the distance between sun and earth? 92,960,000 miles (149,600,000 km).
7. Sun’s Chemical Composition:
71% of Hydrogen, 26.5% Helium and2.5% of other elements.
8. How much time does a sun ray take to reach earth? 8 minutes.
9. Which planet is nearest to the earth? MERCURY.
10. Which planet is known as the Morning Star or the Evening Star? VENUS.
11. What is the diameter of MERCURY? 3,032 miles (4,879 km).
12. What is the diameter of VENUS? 7,521 miles (12,104 km).
13. What is the diameter of EARTH? 7,918 miles (12,742 km).
14. What is the diameter of MARS? 4,212 miles (6,779 km)
15. What is the diameter of JUPITER? 86,881 miles (139,822 km).
16. What is the diameter of SATURN? 120,536 kilometres
17. What is the diameter of URANUS? 31,518 miles (50,724 km).
18. What is the diameter of NEPTUNE? 30,599 miles (49,244 km).
19. What is the diameter of PLUTO? 2360 kilometres.
20. Which is the largest planet in our solar system? JUPITER.
21. Which Planet Has the Most Moons? Jupiter with 66 moons.
22. Which planet is closest to the sun? Mercury.
23. Which Is the Hottest Planet in the solar system? Venus.
24. Which Planets Have Rings around Them?
Saturn,Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune (4 planets).
25. Which is the coldest andsmallest of all planets? PLUTO.
26. Which Star is called Earth’s satellite? Moon.
27. What is the Average distance of Moon from Earth? 238,855 miles (384,400 km).
28. What is the age of Moon? 4.527 billion years.
29. What is the Orbital period of Moon? 27 days.
30. What is the Circumference of Moon? 6,784 miles (10,917 km).
31. Which planet has the most volcanoes? Venus.
32. Which planets do not have moons? Mercury and Venus.
33. How much larger the Sun is than Earth? 300000 times.
34. When the Halley’s Comet will be visible from Earth again? 2061.
35. What is the surface temperature of Venus? over 450 degrees Celsius.
36. When was the Solar System formed? around 4.6 billion years ago.
37. A person who weighs 200 pounds on earth, what would he weigh on the surface of
Mars? 76 pounds.
38. Which Planet spins backwards relative to the others? Venus.
39. When was the first manmade object sent into space? 1957.
40. Name Jupiter’s 4 biggest moons: Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and Io.
41. Why do we have high & low tides? because of the Sun & Moons gravity.
42. Where is The “edge of space” located? 100 km (62 mi) above sea level.
43. What is an astronaut employed by the Russian Federal Space Agency called?
Kosmonavt.
44. Who was the first person to reach space? Yuri Gagarin, in 1961.
45. Who was the first woman to reach space? Valentina Tereshkova, in 1963.
46. Name five recognized dwarf planets : Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake & Haumea.
47. The Moon orbits the Earth every – 27.3 days.
48. Who was the first person to set foot on the Moon? Neil Armstrong.
49. What is the average surface temperature of the Moon?
107 degrees Celsius during the day and -153 degrees Celsius at night.

50. When does a lunar eclipse occur?

when the Earth is between — the Sun and the Moon.
51. At how much speed Moon moves across the Sun? 2,250 km per hour.
52. How long a solar eclipse can last? 7 and a half minutes.
53. What is the Equatorial Circumference of Earth? 40,030 km.
54. What is Earth’s surface temperature? -88 to 58°C.
55. When was the Earth formed? Approximately 4.54 billion years ago.
56. How many natural satellites of Earth are there? one, Moon.
57. What are the notable satellites of Mars? Phobos & Deimos.
58. Which planet has approximately the same landmass as Earth? Mars.
59. What are the notable satellites of Pluto? Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx.
60. When was the Pluto reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet? in 2006.
61. How many stars are there in Andromeda Galaxy? 1 trillion.
62. At which speed the Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way?
at approximately hundred to hundred and forty kilometers per second.