E-Healthcare Management System: Final Year Project

e-Healthcare Management System +i +i
Final Year Project Report

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Submitted by +i
Muhammad Ajmal +i BSC02163024

Hafiz Farooq
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Supervised by +i
ENGR. Iqra Abdul Gafar +i +i +i
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Department of Computer Engineering

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The University of Lahore

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June 2020 +i
e-Healthcare Management System +i +i
Submitted by +i
Muhammad Ajmal +i BSC02163024

Hafiz Farooq
+i +i + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ I BSC02163039
Supervised by +i
ENGR. Iqra Abdul Gafar +i +i +i
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In Partial Fulfillment
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of the Requirements for the Degree of

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B. Sc. Computer Engineering

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Department of Computer Engineering +i +i +i +i
The University of Lahore

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June 2020 +i
Certificate of Approval
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The project entitled “e-Healthcare Management System” is hereby approved as a creditable engineering
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iproject carried out and presented in a manner acceptable as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for
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the Degree of B. Sc. Computer Engineering.

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Approved by: +i
___________________________________________
Engr. Supervisor name,
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Project Supervisor, +i
Department of Computer Engineering, +i +i +i
The University of Lahore, Lahore

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___________________________________________
Engr. Dr. Shahzadi Tayyaba,
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Head,
Department of Computer Engineering, +i +i +i
The University of Lahore, Lahore

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I
Declaration
I certify that the work that is undertaken for the project entitled “e-Healthcare Management System” is
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my work. The work has not been presented elsewhere for assessment. The material used from other
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sources has been acknowledged/referred.

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______________________
Name of Student
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Registration Number +i
______________________
Name of Student
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Registration Number +i
II
Dedication
I dedicated this to my parents, teachers, friends, and fellow members without whom it was impossible
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for me to complete Project.

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III
Acknowledgements
We express our sincere gratitude to all those people who have been associated with this project and have
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i helped us with it and made it a worthwhile experience.

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We would like to thank our supervisor, Engr. Supervisor Name for his / her direction, assistance, and
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i guidance. His / her recommendations and suggestions have been invaluable for the project.
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We are also thankful to Engr. Dr. Shahzadi Tayyaba, Head of Department and our teachers for
i continuous guidance and encouragement.+i +i +i +i
We are also thankful to our families and friends for their encouragement and support.
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IV
Abstract
The summary of this Project was to develop an Online Doctor's Appointment and Medical Database
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i Management System in Pakistan. The purpose of implementing this application was to create a system
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i through which a patient can easily compare, choose and make an online appointment for a doctor just by
i sitting at home. The second thing of this project was to replace manual medical file keeping system with
i online database management system.

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The reason behind creating this system was the “trend of private medical clinics” and manual medical
i file keeping system in Pakistan. Online appointment and database management system aims to improve
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i quality medical care by bringing all medical clinics of the city at one platform, eliminating long waiting
i lines and replacing manual medical file keeping with an online database.
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The application was successfully implemented by using famous technologies and programming
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i languages. This application does not aim to target any specific group but every individual who wants to
i seek medical help and that is why it was kept in mind to keep the user interface simple and friendly while
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i building this application. Like all other applications, this application also has a client side and a server
i side. This application was developed by using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript at the client side while PHP
i and MySQL on the server side.

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For now, basic functionalities have been implemented but for the future, work will be done to link
i pharmacies and laboratories to the system. Online follow-up for the distant patients is another feature
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i that is aimed to add at later stages.

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V
Table of Contents +i +i
Certificate of Approval +i +i + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i I
Declaration + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i +i II
Dedication + i+ i+ i+ i + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i + i+ i III
Acknowledgments +i IV
Abstract + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i V
Table of Contents
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List of Tables
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List of Figures
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List of Symbols and Abbreviations
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Chapter 1: Introduction +i +i 12
Chapter 2: Literature Review
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Chapter 3: Methodology +i +i + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i +i 21
Chapter 4: Software Components and their Testing
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Chapter 5: Integration of Components and Result

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Chapter 6: Conclusiosn +i +i 57
Appendix 58
References 59
VI
List of Figures
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Figure 1: Block diagram of EHMS

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Figure 2: Flow Chart of EHMS

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Figure 3: Use Case Diagram of this Project

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Figure 4: Use Case Diagram for Patient (user)

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Figure 5: Use Case for Doctor (user)

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Figure 6: Use Case for admin

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Figure 7: Android Studio

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Figure 8: Android Studio Check Box

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Figure 9: Android Studio dialogue box

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Figure 10: Android Studio installation step

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Figure 11: Android Studio opening page

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Figure 12: Android Studio welcome box

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Figure 13: Installation Type steps

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Figure 14: Theme Selecting steps

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Figure 15: Downloading components of SDK
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Figure 16: Start new project on Android Studio

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Figure 17: Visual Studio Downloading window

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Figure 18: Visual studio 2017 installation steps

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Figure 19: Visual Studio Installer

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Figure 20: Visual tool window

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Figure 21: Visual Studio 2017 enterprise iso download

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Figure 22: Install Visual studio

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Figure 23: Xampp Apache window

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VII
Figure 24: Xampp Installation step
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Figure 25: Selecting elements of Xampp

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Figure 26: Install folder for Xampp

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Figure 27: Installation of visual Xampp

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Figure 28: Xampp server install

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Figure 29: Control panel of Xampp

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Figure 30: Running panel of Xampp server

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Figure 31: Java Program

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Figure 32: Program on Visual Studio

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Figure 33: Sample code of Android Studio

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Figure 34: Header of website

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Figure 35: Footer of website

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Figure 36: Lists of Doctors

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Figure 37: Departments of Hospitals

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Figure 38: Doctors login and Sign up Section

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Figure 39: Contact Section

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Figure 40: Main Login Page

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Figure 41: Patient Login Form

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Figure 42: Patient Registration form

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Figure 43: Patient Sections of website

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Figure 45: Patient Appointment Sections of website

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Figure 46: Patient Appointment history Sections of website

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Figure 47: Admin Login Form

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VIII
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Figure 49: Admin Appointments sections of website

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Figure 50: Admin Doctors sections of website

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Figure 51: Admin Appointments history sections of website

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Figure 52: Doctors login form

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Figure 53: Doctors Section

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IX
List of Symbols and Abbreviations
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FYP Final Year Project

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CSS + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i Cascading Style Sheet +i +i +i
EHMS + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i e-Healthcare Management System +i +i
ER diagram Entity Relationship diagram

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HTML + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i Hypertext Mark-up Language +i +i +i
JavaScript + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i Scripting programming language +i +i
MySQL + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i Open source database

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PHP + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i Server-side scripting language +i +i +i
UI+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i User Interface +i
XAMPP + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ i X-OS, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl

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X
XI
Chapter 1 +i
Introduction
Health care is one of the fastest growing industry all over the world. Before the last few years,
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i medical appointments were usually taken on the phone calls or by visiting the hospitals in person.
i This process needed the involvement of individuals so, the ability to take appointment was
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i restricted to the availability of schedulers, phone lines or the physical presence of a person.
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With the growth of time, everybody demanded timeless and efficient medical care delivery because
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i manual appointments (that requires the physical presence of both individuals) and long waiting
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i lines have formed an irritating situation for the healthcare institutions. So, it created a need for such
i an integrated health care system that could deliver seamless care to both outpatients as well as
i inpatients. The emergence of online appointment system offered timeless and efficient access to
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i health care services. Therefore, for hospitals and other medical societies, online appointment
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i booking has a great importance and a subject of interest. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
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Booking appointment online has become a new trend in the past few years and is considered as one
i of the key processes in the healthcare industry. Scheduling system as a trade-off or a compromise
i between a doctor and patient’s waiting times. Patients who get late for the appointments or who
i fails to come becomes the reason for the underutilization of a doctor’s time. Idle time and
i underutilization of doctor’s time are also resulted by gaps in the appointment times. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
With the growing population need for more efficient ways to access a medical treatment is also
i growing. Through an online appointment scheduling system, a user gets access to the doctor's
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i online webpage and can make an appointment with online software. Patient/user can also provide
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i additional medical history in advance, giving adequate time to the doctor to prepare the necessary
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i information for consultation. In this way, online appointment scheduling systems are helping + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i doctors and the patients and making the healthcare delivery efficient.
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Nowadays there are many kinds of online appointment tools available in the market which are easy
i to set up and not too much expensive. Online scheduling system offers value added services and
i lots of benefits to the doctors and patients. It makes the patient appreciated by eliminating the
i hassle of long waiting times. Online appointment systems are also getting popular because of its
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i low-cost availability. +i +i
12
1.1 Main Purpose +i +i
The main purpose of this project is to link and bring all major private medical clinics of the city (of
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i my country) to a single platform. So that patients can easily get access to the doctor's profile and
i make online appointments. The second purpose is to create an online medical history database so
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i that doctors and patients can freely exchange patients' medical history information much easier,
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i faster, and safer. +i +i + i+ i
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1.2 Objective of the Project

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The main objective of the thesis is to provide quality medical care to the patients by bringing all
i medical practitioners of the city to a single platform so that everybody can easily access them and
i make appointments. The second objective is to replace the current manual file keeping system with
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i an online medical patient database system.

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1.3 Aim of the Project

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The aim of this project is to create a platform where patients and doctors can access /interact
i efficiently with each other and provide ease and comfort to the patients. It also aims to resolve the
i problems that patients have to face while taking appointments and keeping medical files. Patients
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i can choose a medical practitioner based on their professional profile and other patient's reviews.
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i While doctors can access and update a patient’s medical record after every checkup.
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Following features will be added in the future: +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
➢ Online follow up with doctors (specially for distant patients) +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
➢ Linking laboratory and pharmacy so that medical store administrator can view suggested
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i prescription and laboratory can view clinical tests recommended by the doctor. This feature + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i aims to eliminate paper-based prescriptions.

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1.4 Project Scope

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This system is implemented for all the individuals who want to get treated by the city practitioners.
i The users can participate only if they have created an account through the registration form and
i have provided their medical history. Once they get registered themselves further, they would not
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i need to update their record as it would be done automatically after each doctor’s visit.
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1.5 Budget of Project:
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Actually, we are working on our project local Server. So, the cost on the project is zero.
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14
Chapter 2 +i
Literature Review +i
2.1 Waiting time +i +i +i
Fernandes et al. [1] defined waiting time as the period of time an individual wait until a specific
action occurs. Waiting time was also defined as the time a patient entered a clinic or service point
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and gets consulted by a doctor with a prescription in his hand. There are two different ways in which
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the waiting time has been defined in the past. At first, waiting time is the time that starts when an
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individual comes for the appointment and it continues until the individual gets consulted by the
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doctor. In the second definition, it starts when an individual comes for taking appointment and ends
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when he got prescribed medicine after being consulted by the doctor.

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With the passage of time, long waiting lines at doctor’s clinics became a major problem in
developing countries. In a South African health clinic, block appointment system was introduced
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as an experiment, in which waiting time for patients was measured for the period of one week
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before and after the implementation of the appointment system. During the experiment, interviews
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were taken from focus-group, staff, and patients and from results it was realized that acute
medically ill patients with prior appointments had short waiting times as compared to the patients
without appointments.
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It has also been stated that the appointment system has no benefit for the patients not seeing the
doctor or who are taking routine repeated medication. Later it was realized that the block
appointment system offers shorter waiting time only for acutely ill patients and not for others.
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2.2 Appointment Delay

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It has been proved in the past research that there is a direct relationship between appointment delay
and cancellation of the appointment. Appointment delay is defined as the time which starts when an
individual request for an appointment and ends until he/ she gets consulted by the doctor. Longer
appointment delays cause more appointment cancellations. So, the best way to reduce appointment
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cancellations or no-shows is to minimize the time gap between the appointment request and
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doctor’s checkup/consultation time. Minimizing this gap is called open access (abbreviated as OA)
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or advance access policy which later became a popular practice and part of an active research also.
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Both positive and negative results were experienced by the researchers in their experiments. Some
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practitioners were in the favor of OA and highly recommended it, and on the other hand, there were
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some practitioners who disagreed and were against of OA implementation[2].

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15
2.3 Managing Patient’s Appointment
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In a health care center, an application which is used to manage and minimize patient waiting time is
called managing[3] patient's appointment system. Some health care clinics use this kind of
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applications while some do not. Medical clinics who use such applications usually have shorter
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waiting times as compared to those medical clinics who do not use any appointment application.
Patients who supposed to wait more than an hour for their medical check-up feel disgraced and
unfair. Patients can evaluate the quality of any medical center based on the waiting time they have
to experience. Therefore, it has become important to consider factors like “saving time” and
i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
“minimizing idle time” while developing any patient’s appointment system. Whereas according to
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
Klassen (2002), scheduling doctor’s time and patient’s appointment supposed to depend on the
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seriousness of the case and patient’s need.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
2.4 Online Booking +i +i +i
+i
An online appointment[4] system is a web-based system which is made up of independent

+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
components or web pages, working together for a common purpose. Such systems are available on
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
the internet for the users to accomplish some purpose.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
+ i A internet as a system which provides an opportunity to millions of people to get access to a large
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i amount of stored data and get connected to each other despite distances. Increased rate of missed
i appointments and patient dissatisfaction pushed to recognize the need for better-quality care + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i services. With the advancement of information technology and the sensitive situation of medical
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i care, online appointment system emerged as an important output for efficient and timely delivery
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i of health care services. Earlier, appointment requests were used to make through the phone call,
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i email or fax but with the advancement of technology and internet, the trend changed towards the
i proper online appointment systems. +i +i +i +i
+ i A patient can make an appointment for a doctor either by going directly to the doctor's clinic or
i making a manual appointment through the phone call or sending the email. With the emergence of
+ i + i + i + i +i + i +i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i the internet, health care centers can connect and communicate with their patients efficiently.
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i Therefore, many healthcare centers have started using online appointment systems. Such systems
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i ensure efficiency and effectiveness. +i +i +i + i+ i
2.5 Existing System +i +i +i
In Pakistan, there is a huge trend of private medical clinics and hospitals. Doctors run their own
private clinics and consult [5]patients during the evening or any time of the day depending on their
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availability. Some are popular and known to all while some are known by few people. This
situation proves to be a challenge for new practitioners as they are known to very few people even if
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
they have a good academic background. On the other side, patients also face difficulty in finding
and choosing a nearby doctor. Unscheduled appointments, long waiting lines and keeping medical
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
files in physical form are also the common problems faced by the people/ patients of Pakistan.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i+ i+ i
16
2.5.1 Determination of Problem+i +i +i +i
Challenge for new practitioners Starting a private clinic can be a challenge for new practitioners.
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
For example, if a new doctor wants to open his clinic there is no platform exist, by which or from
where people can get to know about his clinic.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
The problem for a new individual in a city in the same way, the same problem goes for any person
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
new to the city as he is unknown, who is the best or closest doctor/clinic to go for a medical
checkup.
i +i
Long waiting lines to get doctor's consultation, patients come twice to the clinic once for taking the
appointment and second time for the checkup. Some patients visit the doctor without any prior
appointment resulting in a long waiting time. There is also a possibility that they don't consultation
by the doctor even [6] after a long waiting line.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
2.5.2 Proposed System +i +i +i
In “Online Polyclinic Appointment and Database Management System” I have tried to consider all
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
of the above problems with the existing system in Pakistan. My objective was to provide a platform
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
where all practitioners and patients can be brought together. In this application, all practitioners
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either new or working for a long time can sign up themselves. This way people can get to know and
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choose to visit any doctor of their choice. By using this application user will be able to know and
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access the professional profile of each registered doctor from all specialties. Doctor’s profile
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includes information regarding their professional experience, practicing license, educational

i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
background, clinic timings, working days, clinic accessibility and other patient reviews also. Users
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
would be able to book appointment sitting at their homes. The user can choose a doctor close to
them or have more professional experience or have more good reviews from the other patients.
New practitioners can easily join the platform and start taking appointments without the need of
any expensive advertisement.

i +i +i + i+ i
2.6 Patient’s Appointment Time

+i +i +i +i
+i
Scheduling appointments for the patients started long years ago. Primarily appointment system was
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
developed to minimize doctor’s idle time because it was thought that doctors time is more valuable
as compared to the patient’s waiting time. But later it was realized that the importance of
minimizing the patient's waiting time is as important as the doctor’s time. So now while developing
an appointment system doctor's idle time and the patient's waiting time both factors are given equal
importance. Patient’s scheduling also includes improving quality health services, reducing doctors
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
and nurses idle[7] time and reducing patient’s waiting time.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
17
2.7 APPLICATION TECHNOLOGIES
+i +i +i
+i
The purpose of this project is to build an Online Appointment and Database Management System.
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
It is important for the user to understand[8] how this application works and knowing the
technologies that are used to implement this project. For a better understanding, all steps are
described in detail to give a full overview of the system.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
2.7.1 Web Server +i +i +i
+i
Role of a web server is to communicate between the client side and server side by storing,
processing and delivering web pages to the client side. Usually, web browser initiates the
i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
communication using HTTP by sending the request of a specific resource and server gives the
response with the content of that requested resource. For this project work, Apache HTTP server
i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
was chosen, and it exists on the WAMP service. Apache HTTP server is one of the popularly used
web server software used in a lot of project[9] works.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i+ i
+i
2.7.2 Programming Languages +i +i +i
+i
In this project, PHP was chosen as a server-side programming language and MySQL was selected
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
as a backend database. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript were used for the client-side work.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
PHP +i
+i
PHP is a server-side programming language commonly used to develop dynamic web pages. It is
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
free and accessible in numerous different versions. [10] It can be used on multiple OS such as
macOS, windows, UNIX and different platforms. Because it is a scripting language so in this
program code is taken after the program execution. PHP can also be used in desktop applications.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
One of the reasons for choosing PHP in this project is that it supports MySQL which is chosen as a
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +i +
database in our project. PHP programming language makes easy to present images and PDF files
on HTML pages.
i +i +i +i
Client-side programming +i + i+ i
For the development and designing of web pages HTML, CSS and JavaScript languages were used.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
HTML for creating the web pages, CSS for styling and for adding further functionalities JavaScript
was used.
i +i + i+ i+ i
+i
JavaScript + i+ i
18
JavaScript is dynamic, high-level scripting language and considered to be one of the core three
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
technologies of the world wide web. It is considered an important part of a web application. It is
used for adding functionalities and making web pages interactive. In simple words, it informs the
browser about a certain activity or event that occurred and[11] changes the web page as a response
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to that event, for example, a click on a button.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
HTML + i+ i
+i
Hypertext markup language (HTML) is used for creating web pages and web applications. It
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
describes the structure of the web pages. Information from the HTML documents is sent to the web
browser to render or display on the multimedia pages. Html used to describe the structure of a
document by presenting a document in a heading, paragraph, image, list, links and other objects
like that. Web browser presents the HTML document by using its tags.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
CSS +i
+i
It is important to make HTML pages attractive to the users and for this purpose, developers choose
+ i +i +i + i + i + i +i +i +i + i +i +i +i +i + i + i +
colors, nice fonts, and different layouts. All this work is done by the CSS. In short, CSS is used for
styling of a HTML document. It is designed in such a way that enables separation of content and
presentation so that it makes easier any change of content without interfering with a design. It also
enables multi web pages to share the single CSS file [12] for styling to reduce repetition and
complexity.
i +i
Backend technology +i + i+ i
+i
For this project work, MySQL was chosen as a database.

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
+i
MySQL + i+ i
It is an open source relational database management system which aims to offer multiple user
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
access to several databases. In simple words, a database is a collection of data which can be a list of
shopping items, number of items in a shopping center or even a vast amount of numerous data in a
corporate network. To manage such kind of data, a database management system is required such
as MySQL which aims to access data and perform functions like add, remove or edit data. Since
MySQL is a relational database so it stores data in different tables instead of putting into a large
storeroom. Storing /organizing data into tables increases the accessibility speed and flexibility.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
Applications which demand availability and scalability use MySQL. Because it has the capability + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
to recover and cope with failures on the host, MySQL, operating system or the hardware that may
cause downtime. Scalability refers to the ability to spread the [13] database as well as application
19
i queries. MySQL is reliable for data security. MySQL has a good memory management system and
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
i provides multiple development interfaces (ODBC, JDBC).

+i +i +i +i +i +i
+ i Since MySQL is a free open source software so anyone can download it without paying anything
i and make changes into the source code. For this project, MySQL was chosen because it is very easy
i to use and PHP's ability to work with MySQL.

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
XAMPP Server +i
+ XAMPP is a free and open source software which empowers technologies, processes, and
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i machines to link and work together. It is established by Apache. It stands for x-OS, Apache,
+ i + i + i + i + i + i+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i MySQL, PHP, and Perl and used as a stage for coding and designing web pages.
+ i Xampp is very easy to install and has the capability to run on several platforms. Xampp has very
i strict security settings and with a single command it can start and stop the server[14].
20
Chapter 3 +i
Methodology
We are implementing a web-based appointment system in Pakistan for booking an online

+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
appointment and keeping an online medical history. Users can sign up online, search for the nearby
doctor and book appointment while sitting at their homes by using a web browser. Two different
types of actors are using this system: user actor (patient), which can be registered to the system,
search for the doctor and book an appointment. Administrative actor (doctor/ physician), which can
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log in to the system with a username and password, accept patient's appointment request and update
medical record after each visit. The functionality and more features are explained in more detail in
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this chapter.
i +i +i
The main characteristics of the system are:

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
➢ Every individual either a doctor or a patient will have an independent id, name and a profile.
Doctors are further categorized by the specialty of practice (i.e. Urology, Internal Medicine
i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
etc.) i +i
➢ The user (patient) can get, change or cancel appointment time and view medical record while
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
the doctor can make changes in his calendar and accept or reject appointment request by log in
to the site and accessing his/her personal page.

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3.1 Block Diagram of the Project and its Description

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
The block diagram of the project is shown in figure below and description of each block is given
i below. +i
Figure 1: Block diagram of EHMS +i +i +I +i +I
21
3.2 Flow Chart of the Project and its Description
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
The flow Chart of EHMS is shown in this figure.

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Figure 2: Flow Chart of EHMS

+i +i +i +i +i
22
3.3 Use Cases
+i +i +i
To explain the better view and functionalities of the system, use case diagrams are chosen. The use
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i +i +i +
case diagram is important to document the requirement of the system as well as to specify
functionalities of the system. Use case diagrams better explain the way the user interacts with the
system.
i +i

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i

+i +i +i +I +i +i + i
23
3.1.1 Patient Use Case Diagram
+i +i +i +i
Figure 4: Use Case Diagram for Patient (user) +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Use-Case 1: Registration +i +i +i
+i
Primary-actor: generic user/patient. +i +i + i+ i
+i
Description: To make an appointment, user registration is required. + i+ i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
+i
Precondition: National ID card and valid email address. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Basic use-case flow: For the registration process, the user/patient needs to give some information
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
by filling the form. Some of the required information includes the following:
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
➢ First name +i +i
➢ Last name. +i
➢ Gender Email address +i +i +i
➢ National ID no +i +i
Main scenario: The user/patient will go onto the patient sign-up button either from the main page
or from the drop-down menu. After clicking the sign-up button, a registration form will appear,
where the user must give his personal information i.e. name, gender, email address, CNIC, any
medical history etc. After giving the required information user will submit the form. If all the fields
are filled including the valid email address and CNIC, the user will be registered onto the system. In
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case of any missing entry or invalid format of an email or CNIC, the error occurs onto the page.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Exception: Expired/invalid National ID card no or email address.+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
24
+i
Use-case 2: Login +i +i +i
+i
Primary-actor: Patient/user. +i +i
+i
Description: Before taking any appointment or get access to his medical record, the user must have
to provide his username and password.

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+i
Precondition: the user must have a valid username and password. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Basic use-case flow: a valid username with a password must be entered by the user.
+i
Main scenario: To be able to get into the system, the user needs to enter his username and
password either from the main page or from the drop-down menu from the top of the page. After
clicking onto the login button, authentication request will be forwarded to the system.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
+i
Exception: wrong/invalid entered username or password.+i +i +i +i +i +i
Use-case 3: search for a doctor +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Primary-actor: User patient/generic user +i +i +i +i
+i
Description: In this use-case, any registered or unregistered user, can look and search for a doctor
of any desired specialty.

i +i +i +i +i
+i
Precondition: this use-case has no exception. +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Basic use-case flow: By going into the category of any specific specialty, the user can view the list
of all registered doctors.

i +i +i +i +i
Main scenario: The user will go to the down menu at the top of the page. A list of all specialties
+ i + i+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
will appear in a drop-down list. The user will hit on the desired specialty. After that, a page will
open with all doctors of that specific specialty. Now the user has the choice to choose any doctor
based on qualification, experience, location etc.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Exception: no exception for this use-case. +i +i +i +i +i +i
Use-case 4: Take Appointment +i +i +i +i
+i
Primary-actor: User/patient +i +i
+i
25
Description: After choosing a doctor user will go further to send an appointment request from the
available timings.
i +i +i
+i
Precondition: the user must be login +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Basic use-case flow: The patient/user hits the button for taking an appointment for the doctor. A list
of available timings will appear for the chosen date. The user will select the suitable time for him
and send the request for approval.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Main scenario: The user will hit the button for "take appointment". List of available timings will
appear for a chosen date. The user selects the suitable time. The user will hit the submit button to
send the request for approval.

i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Exception: this use-case has no exception. +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Use-case 5: View history +i +i +i +i
+i
+i
Description: the user can view his medical history. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Precondition: the user must be signed in. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Basic use-case flow: The user/patient will click on the name of the patient and it opens the patient's
profile. By going into it the user can view the history by clicking on the button for the patient’s old
reports/history.
i +i
+i
Main scenario: The user clicks on the name of the patient and then press the button “view history”
to view old reports.

i +i +i +i +i
+i
Exception: no exception for this use-case. +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Use-case 6: Log out +i +i +i +i
+i
+i
Description: the user will log out from the system. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Precondition: the user must be logged in +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Basic use-case flow: the user can sign out himself from the system.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
26
Main scenario: the user clicks on the log out button. The system will bring the user to the main
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
page for the generic user.

i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Exception: no exception for this use-case.

+i +i +i +i +i +i
+ i+ i
3.1.2 Doctor’s Use Case

+i +i +i +i
+i Figure 5: Use Case for Doctor (user)

+i +i +i +i +i +i
Use-case 1: Registration +i +i + i+ i
+i
Primary-actor: Generic user/doctor +i +i +i
27
Description: To get online appointment requests, the doctor must register himself as a user on the + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
application/system with the help of Admin.

i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Precondition: National ID card and active email address. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i+ i
+i
Basic use-case flow: To register as a doctor, the user must fill the form. Required fields include the
following information:
i +i +i
➢ Full name +i
➢ Email address +i +i
➢ National identity number +i +i +i
➢ Qualification +i
➢ Experience
➢ Valid PMDC certificate (Practicing license issued by the PMDC authority)
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
➢ Clinic address +i
➢ Clinic timings +i +i
+i
Main scenario: The user/ doctor has to go onto the doctor’s sign-up button either from the drop-
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i
down menu at the top or from the main page. After clicking the sign-up button, a registration form
will appear, where doctor/user has to give his personal as well as professional information i.e.
name, clinic address, qualification, working experience etc. The user must give valid PMDC
i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
certificate for the registration process. After giving the required information user/ doctor will
i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
submit the form. If all the fields are filled, request for registration will be sent to the admin. As soon
as admin receives a request for a doctor's registration, he will verify his documents and only then
the user will be accepted /registered. In case of any missing entry or invalid format of email or
CNIC, an error occurs onto the page. PMDC certificate is a license or a proof that an individual is
allowed by the authority to practice medicine. Any user fails to give valid PMDC certificate issued
by PMDC authority will not be allowed to register as a doctor. PMDC certificate is important to
avoid any scam.

i +i +i +i
Exception: False documents, expired or invalid PMDC certificate, missing fields, expired national
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
ID card or inactive email.

i +i +i +i +i +i
Use-case 2: log in +i +i +i + i+ i
Primary-actor: User/doctor +i +i
+i
Description: For further functions, the user must have to provide his email address and password. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
+i
Precondition: the user must enter the username and password. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+i
Basic use-case flow: user/doctor should provide his username and password to log in.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
28
+i
Main scenario: To be able to get into the system, the user needs to enter his username and
password either from the main page or from the drop-down menu from the top of the page. After
clicking onto the login button, an authentication request is forwarded to the system.
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Exception: occurs if fails to provide username and password.

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Use-case 3: View calendar +i +i +i
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Description: User would be able to view his calendar.

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Precondition: The user must be signed in. +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
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Basic use-case flow: After logging in, the user/patient selects the date from the calendar to filter out
the appointment.
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Main scenario: After signing in, the user/doctor can view the page of his calendar. The user will
select the month and date to see the appointments of that period or date. The user can view all the
patient's appointments of any date.

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Exception: no exception for this use case.

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Use-case 4: Accept or reject a request

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Description: User/doctor can accept or reject any patient's request.

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Precondition: User/doctor must be signed in. +i +i +i +i +i +i
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Basic use-case flow: User/doctor selects any date and decides to accept or reject any appointment
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request.
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Main scenario: After logging in, all the patient's appointment requests will be appearing on the
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calendar according to the dates. User /Doctor will select the date from the calendar. User /Doctor
can view all the appointment requests. User /Doctor can select the option to accept or reject the
appointment request from the drop-down menu.

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+i

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29
Use-case 5: View patient +i +i +i
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Description: User/doctor would be able to view the patient's detailed information including his/
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her medical history.

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Precondition: User/doctor must be signed in +i +i +i +i +i +i
Basic use-case flow: After selecting the date, user/doctor selects the patient. User/doctor can view
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the patient's detail and medical history.

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+i
Main scenario: After selecting the date, list of patients of that particular date will appear. User
/Doctor will select the patient. User (doctor) can view his all information including the medical
history by clicking on the "view patient" button

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+i

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Use-case 6: Add comments +i +i +i +i
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Description: User/doctor would be able to write his own comments into the patient's medical
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profile.
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Precondition: User/doctor must be signed in +i +i +i +i +i +i
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Basic use-case flow: After clicking on the "write comments" button, user/doctor can add his own
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reviews after checking the patient.

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Main scenario: User/doctor will hit the "write comments" button. User (doctor) will write his or
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her comments. User/doctor will hit the submit button.

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Use-case 7: log out +i +i +i +i
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30
Description: the user/doctor will log out from the system.
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Precondition: the user/doctor must be signed in

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Basic use-case flow: the user/doctor can sign out himself from the system.
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Main scenario: the user/doctor clicks on the log out button. The system will bring the user to the
main page for the generic user.

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+i

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3.1.3 Admin Use Case

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Figure 6: Use Case for admin +i +i +i +i +i
Use-case 1: Login
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Primary-actor: Admin/administrator +i + i+ i+ i
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Description: A user, who possesses admin username and password, owns administrative rights.
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Precondition: username and password. +i +i +i +i
Basic use-case flow: Admin/user needs to provide the username and a password.
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31
Main scenario: Admin/user enters valid username and password. After verification, the user will
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be logged in as an admin and can use all the administrative rights.

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Exception: occurs if user provides wrong username/password.

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+ i+ i
Use-case 2: Manage users +i +i +i +i
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Primary-actor: Admin/user +i +i
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Description: User/admin can use his administrative rights.

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Precondition: the user must be logged in as an admin. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i + i+ i
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Basic use-case flow: Admin/user can view, edit or delete any user information.
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+i
Main scenario: Admin can view, edit or delete any user or any information related to user doctor or
user-patient.
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+i

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Use-case 3: log out +i +i +i +i
Primary-actor: Admin/user +i +i
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Description: Admin will log out from the system. +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
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Precondition: Admin must be signed in +i +i +i +i +i +i
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Basic use-case flow: User signs out himself “as an admin".

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Main scenario: User clicks onto the logout button. The system will remove information from the
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local storage and brings the user to the homepage.

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+i

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32
Chapter 4 +i
+i Software Components and their Testing +i +i +i +i
Software Components and their Testing +i +i +i +i
4.1 Installation steps of Android Studio +i +i +i +i
• Step – 1 : +i +i +i
Head over to this link to get the Android Studio executable or zip file .
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
• Step – 2: +i +i
Click on the download android studio button.

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Figure 7: Android Studio +i +i +i
Click on the “I have read and agree with the above terms and conditions” checkbox followed by the
download button.
i +i
Figure 8: Android Studio check box

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Click on Save file button in the appeared prompt box and the file will start downloading.
• Step – 3: +i +i
After the downloading has finished, open the file from downloads and run it.
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It will prompt the following dialogue box.

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33
Figure 9: Android Studio dialogue box
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Click on next. +i +i
In the next prompt it’ll ask for a path for installation. Choose a path and hit next.
Note: The installation path should have the required minimum space.
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• Step – 4: +i +i
It will start the installation, and once it is completed, it will be like the image shown below.
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Figure 10: Android studio installation step

+i +i +i +i +i
• Step – 5: +i +i
Once “Finish” is clicked, it will ask whether the previous settings needs to be imported [if android
studio had been installed earlier], or not. It is better to choose the ‘Don’t import Settings option’.
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Figure 11: Import Studio setting steps+i +i +i +i +i
Click the OK button.

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34
• Step – 6: +i +i
This will start the Android Studio.

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Figure 12: Android Studio opening page

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• Step – 7: +i +i
After it has found the SDK components, it will redirect to the Welcome dialog box.
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Figure 13: Welcome dialog box

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Click on next.
+i +i
Figure 14: Installation Type steps

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Choose Standard and click on Next.

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Now choose the theme, whether Light theme or the Dark one.
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35
The light one is called the IntelliJ theme whereas the dark theme is called Dracula.
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Choose as required. +i +i
Figure 15: Theme Selecting steps

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Click on the Next button

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• Step – 8: +i +i
Now it is time to download the SDK components.

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Figure 16: Downloading steps of SDK components

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It has started downloading the components. The Android Studio has been successfully configured.
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Now it’s time to launch and build apps.

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• Step – 9: +i +i
Click on ‘Start new android project’ to build a new app.

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36
Figure 17: Start new project on Android Studio
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
4.2 Installation and download steps of Visual Studio

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Step-1:
We can find Visual Studio 2017 and its various versions for windows and MAC operating systems
i with their download links.

+i +i +i
Figure 18: Visual Studio Downloading window

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Step-2:
After .exe file download is complete we can double click and run the application and ask to
continue by agreeing to the licenses by Microsoft.

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Figure 19: Visual studio 2017 installation steps

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37
Step-3:
By clicking on continue visual studio installer runs by fetching all the files and preparing to install.
Figure 20: Visual Studio Installer

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Step-4:
Visual Studio provides a lot of tools and ways to choose as:
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
• Workload: Choose the components you want to install.

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
• Individual components: You can also choose individual components.

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
• Language Packs: You can select the language of your choice.

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
+ i+ i+ i+ i Figure 21: Visual studio tools window

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Step-5:
After setting out all the required tools components and language it starts downloading the files and
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istarts installations.
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38
Figure 22: Visual Studio 2017 enterprise iso download
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Step-8
Comes with final stage of installation after package gets installed it displays success message
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i asking to restart and reboot.

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Figure 23: install visual studio 2017

+i +i +i +i +i
4.3 Installation steps of Xampp Server +i +i +i +i
4.1.1 Step1:DownloadandinstallXAMPPonyourcomputer
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
You can download the Windows installer file from Apache Friends. It’s a big file, about 110 MB,
so it might take a minute or so depending on your connection:

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39
Figure 24: Xampp Apache window
+i +i +i +i
Figure 25: installation setup

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Just click Next to continue. On the next screen, you can choose which components to install. To
install XAMPP, you do not need all of the components. In addition to the required
components, all you need are:

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• MySQL
• PhpMyAdmin
40
Figure 26: Selecting elements of Xampp
+i +i +i +i +i
You can now select which folder to install XAMPP in. I always leave it as the default:
Figure 27: installation folder for Xampp

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41
On the next screen, you’ll get a prompt asking you to install Bitnami for XAMPP. You do not
need this to install XAMPP, so just uncheck the box:

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Figure 28: installation of visual Xampp

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Figure 29: Xampp server install

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42
Step2:Startthemodulesandtestyourserver
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To install XAMPP and WordPress properly, you’ll need to run two modules:
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• Apache
• MySQL
You can start both modules from the XAMPP control panel:
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Figure 30: Control panel of Xampp

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Once you launch them, you should see their status turn to green:
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43
Figure 31: Running panel of Xampp server
+i +i +i +i +i +i
Java Programming
+i
Figure:32: Program of Java

+i +i +i
➢ Operating System (Windows)

+i +i
➢ Visual Studio
+i
44
Figure 33: Program on Visual Studio
+i +i +i +i +i
Android Studio
+i
The sample code of java on android studio is shown in this figure.

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Figure 34: Sample code on Android Studio

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45
Chapter 5 +i
Integration of Components and Results +i +i +i +i
This e-Health care management system is the first system to be implemented in Pakistan, so it is
very important to keep the interface simple and easy to be easily understood by a user. For this
purpose, simple and common UI elements are used. It makes the common user to easily understand
the system and get used to it. The below-given figure shows the prototype of the system. There is a
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horizontal menu list on top of the home page. This menu list contains drop down buttons such as
specialization, patient, doctor, and contact. All these buttons open a new webpage. When a user
brings cursor onto the specialization button, a drop-down menu list appears showing/ containing all
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the existing departments. All doctors are classified based on the departments or specialty. The user
can choose to view the doctors of any specific specialty by clicking on this button. Next comes the
button for the doctor. The user can register himself or sign in if he already has an account. Next
button on the menu is for the patient, the user can again sign up or sign in if he/she has already an
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account. The last button on the menu bar is of “contact us”. Any user can call or send an email to the
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admin by using this option. This page contains all the information or possible ways to contact in
case of any need. When we go down of the homepage there is a big picture to make the page look
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good and then again there are two blocks for the doctor registration/ sign in and patient
registration/sign in.
i +i
The Front page of a website is shown in this figure.

+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Figure 35: Header of website +i +i +i +i
46
The Footer page of a website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 36: Footer of website

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The sample list of doctors of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 37: Lists of Doctors

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47
The departments of a different hospitals in website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 38: Departments of Hospitals

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The Doctors login page of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 39: Doctors login and Sign up Section

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48
The Contact us page of a website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 40: Contact Sections of website

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The main login page of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 41: Main login Page of Website

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49
The Patient login form of a website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 42: Patient Login Form

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The Patients Registration Form of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 43: Patient Registration Form

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50
The Patient section of a website is shown in this figure.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i

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The Patient section of a website is shown in this figure.

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51
The Patient Appointment section of a website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 46: Patients Appointment Sections of website

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The Patient appointment history section of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 47: Patients Appointment History Sections of website

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52
The Admin login form of a website is shown in this figure.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i

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The Admin portal of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 49: Admin Portal

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53
The Admin appointment section of a website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 50: Admin Appointments sections of website

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The Admin doctors Sections of website of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 51: Admin doctors Sections of website

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54
The Admin appointment history Sections of a website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 52: Admin Appointment history Sections of website

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The doctors login form of a website is shown in this figure.

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Figure 53: Doctors login form

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55
The doctors Sections of a website is shown in this figure.
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Figure 54: Doctors Sections of website

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56
Chapter 6 +i
Conclusion
The proposed online appointment system has been implemented in android studio for application
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i development and website is developed using HTML and PHP. The tasks involved in this work are
i divided into modules. The data is approached and shared by using API’S between the website and
i the android application. The proposed system is efficient and has friendly user interface. Addition
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
i of the admin and doctor modules in the android application are included in future work. That would
i help the doctor to register on the application and perform all the tasks on the app. The admin would
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i be able to use the app for managing the details of the patients and the doctors instead of using the
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i website. A payment or some amount may be charged to the users/patients while making an
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i appointment to avoid the unethical users. As many users only register themselves just for fun and
i has no concern by making an appointment. Some more future directions are the improvements in
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i the patient’s module which includes setting reminders for the appointments and saving the
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i appointment date to the calendar. +i +i +i +i
57
Appendix
An appendix contains supplementary material that is collected and appended at the end of a report
i or a book, article or document. Students can paste their code/software, datasheets, etc. here as an
i appendix. +i
58
References
[1] A. Hylton and S. Sankaran arayanan,“Application of Intelligent Agents in Hospital

+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Appointment Scheduling System”, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering,

i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Vol. 4, 1,August 2012.

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[2] S. Nazia and E. Sarda “Online Appointment Scheduling System for Hospitals–An Analytical
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Study”, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET), Vol. 4, 01,
i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
August 2014.
i +i
[3] J. Lekan, “Design and Implementation of a Patient Appointment and Scheduling System”,
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.

i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
4,12,December 2017.
i +i
[4] S. B. Choudhari, C. Kusurkar, R. Sonje, P. Mahajan and J. Vaz, “Android Application for
Doctors Appointment”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and

i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Communication Engineering, Vol. 2,1, January 2014

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.
[5] G. Shelwante, A. Thakare, K. Sakharkar, A. Birelliwar and K. Borkar, “Smart Health Doctor
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Appointment System”, International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and

i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Management, Vol 2, February 2019.

i +i +i +i +i
[6] Koole, G., and G. Kaandorp,”Optimal outpatient appointment scheduling”, International

+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, Vol .32, June 2013.
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
[7] Klassen, K. J., T. R. Rohleder,”Outpatient appointment scheduling with urgent clients in a

+ i+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
dynamic, multi-period environment”,International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering,

i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Vol.24, 02, Aprail 2009.

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[8] Fernandes C, Daya M, Barry S, Palmer N (1994),” Emergency department Patients who leave
+ i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
without seeing a Physician” , International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering,

i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i + i +
Vol.24,12, march 2009.

i +i +i
[9] Cayirli, T, E. Veral, and H. Rosen,” Assessment of patient classification in appointment

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E-Healthcare Management System: Final Year Project

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e-Healthcare Management System +i +i

Final Year Project Report

Muhammad Ajmal +i BSC02163024

ENGR. Iqra Abdul Gafar +i +i +i

Department of Computer Engineering

The University of Lahore

Muhammad Ajmal +i BSC02163024

ENGR. Iqra Abdul Gafar +i +i +i

of the Requirements for the Degree of

B. Sc. Computer Engineering

Department of Computer Engineering +i +i +i +i

The University of Lahore

the Degree of B. Sc. Computer Engineering.

Department of Computer Engineering, +i +i +i

The University of Lahore, Lahore

The University of Lahore, Lahore

sources has been acknowledged/referred.

for me to complete Project.

i helped us with it and made it a worthwhile experience.

i continuous guidance and encouragement.+i +i +i +i

i online database management system.

i and MySQL on the server side.

i that is aimed to add at later stages.

Chapter 5: Integration of Components and Result

Figure 1: Block diagram of EHMS

Figure 2: Flow Chart of EHMS

Figure 3: Use Case Diagram of this Project

Figure 4: Use Case Diagram for Patient (user)

Figure 5: Use Case for Doctor (user)

Figure 6: Use Case for admin

Figure 7: Android Studio

Figure 8: Android Studio Check Box

Figure 9: Android Studio dialogue box

Figure 10: Android Studio installation step

Figure 11: Android Studio opening page

Figure 12: Android Studio welcome box

Figure 13: Installation Type steps

Figure 14: Theme Selecting steps

Figure 16: Start new project on Android Studio

Figure 17: Visual Studio Downloading window

Figure 18: Visual studio 2017 installation steps

Figure 19: Visual Studio Installer

Figure 20: Visual tool window

Figure 21: Visual Studio 2017 enterprise iso download

Figure 22: Install Visual studio

Figure 23: Xampp Apache window

Figure 25: Selecting elements of Xampp

Figure 26: Install folder for Xampp

Figure 27: Installation of visual Xampp

Figure 28: Xampp server install

Figure 29: Control panel of Xampp

Figure 30: Running panel of Xampp server

Figure 31: Java Program

Figure 32: Program on Visual Studio

Figure 33: Sample code of Android Studio

Figure 34: Header of website

Figure 35: Footer of website