Paper Code – TAR 806 (HOU)

ONLINE ASSINGMENT – 2
10/APRIL/2020

HOUSING

SUBMITTED BY: KRITIKA PANWAR , B.ARCH 8TH SEM

SUBMITTED TO: ITISHREE RANA
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ASSIGNMENT

What is status of Urban and rural housing in India?

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CONTENTS

• Housing shortage
• Status of urban housing
• Status of rural housing
• References
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HOUSING SHORTAGE

HOUSING SHORTAGE
Indian urban population in 2001 was 27.8% of the total population
• Over 5 decades, annual growth of urban population ranged between 2.7 to 3.8%. During
last decade it increased at annual rate of 2.7%
• Increasing concentration in larger cities
• Projected that by 2041, India's urban population will be 50%
• 12th plan period (2012-17) -11million houses lying unused and vacant in urban India
• Urban population decadal growth 32% from 285 million to 377 million 2001 and 2011
• Inadequate provision with the basic requirements
• Shortage in the EWS, LIG housing 18.78 million households in 2012
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STATUS OF URBAN HOUSING

Urban population set to outgrow overall population growth India’s urban population has
grown at a CAGR of 2.8 percent over 2001-2011, resulting in an increase in the urbanization
rate from 27.8 percent to 31.2 percent.
Out of India’s 1.21 billion population, 377 million people are urban dwellers.
The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce (FICCI) estimates that by 2050, the country’s
cities would witness a net increase of 900 million people. Furthermore, over 2012-2050, the
pace of urbanization is likely to increase at a CAGR of 2.1 percent double than that of China.

LOOMING HOUSING SHORTAGE IN URBAN INDIA

Growing concentration of people in urban areas has resulted in an increase in the number of
people living in slums and squatter settlements. Skyrocketing prices of land and real estate in
urban areas have induced the poor and the economically weaker
sections of the society to occupy the marginal lands typified by poor housing stock, congestion
and obsolescence. It is apparent that substantial housing shortage looms in Urban India and a
wide gap exists between the demand and supply of housing,
both in terms of quantity and quality.
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According to a report submitted by a technical committee to the Ministry of Housing and

Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), India’s urban housing shortage is estimated at nearly
18.78 million households in 2012. Besides those living in obsolescent houses, 80 percent of
these households are living in congested houses and are in requirement of new houses. The
report also highlights that nearly one million households are living in non-serviceable katcha
houses, while over half a million households are in homeless conditions.
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Of the total urban housing shortage, nearly 62 percent houses are self-owned, while 38
percent families live in rented homes. The below table illustrates the break-up of
housing shortage in both these categories in urban India:

STATES CONTRIBUTE TO THREE-FOURTHS OF THE URBAN HOUSING SHORTAGE

The State-wise data shows a mixed picture where both developed as well as less developed
states have families living in poor housing conditions. Uttar Pradesh has a housing shortage
of over three million homes followed by Maharashtra (1.97 mn), West Bengal (1.33 mn),
Andhra Pradesh (1.27 mn) and Tamil Nadu (1.25 mn). The top 10 states, in terms of urban
housing shortage, contribute to 14.3 million or 76 percent of housing shortage.
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STATUS OF RURAL HOUSING

HOUSING CONDITIONS
• Mismatch between housing stock and the number of households represents only one aspect
of housing inadequacy. The other aspect of housing inadequacy is reflected in the mismatch
between desired and actual housing quality.
• In rural India, mismatch between required and available housing stock is not as stark as
urban areas but the quality of house leaves much to be desired.
• The first measure of Housing quality is by type of structure.
• The second measure is the number of rooms per house.

TYPE OF STRUCTURE
• Based on building materials used for construction of structure, houses have been classified
as:
• Pucca (building materials used for construction are brick and mortar and other permanent
materials)
• Semi-pucca (building materials used for part of the construction of either the roof or the
walls are mud or thatch)
• Kutcha (materials used for construction are mud and thatch).
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NUMBER OF ROOMS PER HOUSE

•In 2001, 39.8 per cent of rural households lived in one-room houses, 68.5 percent of
households were living in houses with one or two rooms.
•Though there has been progress, the average size of rural homes is disproportionately small
compared to the average size of households.
• For an average household size of 5.2, the sizes of homes are small. Overcrowding in existing
homes is the main cause of new household formation and this is driving the demand for new
houses in the rural areas.

STRUCTURAL CONDITION
According to Census (2001) ;
• only 45 per cent (58.10 million) of residential and 42.2 per cent (2.52 million) of
nonresidential houses are in good condition.
• 48.7 per cent (62.81 million) of residential and 53.3 per cent (3.2 million) of nonresidential
houses have been classified as livable.
• 6.3 per cent (8.14 million) of residential and 4.5 per cent (0.27million) of non-residential
houses are in dilapidated condition.
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• Replacement needs for dilapidated and a part of livable houses would add to the demand for
housing in rural areas in the future.

PRESENCE OF EXCLUSIVE AMENITIES such as drinking water, toilet and electricity.

According to Census (2001),
• nearly 80.5 per cent of households had access to safe drinking water in 2001. There has
been steady progress in access to safe drinking water over the two decades preceding
2001.
• In 1981, only 26.3 per cent of households had access to safe drinking water.
• The situation of access to exclusive toilet is shabby and in 2001, only 21.9 percent of
households had access to toilet facilities. As for electricity connection, only 43 per cent
of houses had electricity connection in 2001, though this proportion has increased from
14 percent in 1981.
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REFERENCES

https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NTUzNTgxNjI0Mzla/m/NjY5MDg1OTU4NjBa/det
ails

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rBZFUntBGBYWjcXyJSqb-qYhjAKCB6J0/view

https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NTUzNTgxNjI0Mzla/m/NTY4NDM3ODkxNjha/de
tails

https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NTUzNTgxNjI0Mzla

https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NTUzNTgxNjI0Mzla/m/NTY4MDg3MjM1MTZa/d
etails

https://www.google.com/search?q=housing+india&sxsrf=ALeKk03IDiEt8kDUqslI0q_c
OMUAkrzWKQ:1586206562048&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQhK_1
19ToAhWZ4zgGHeJ4A8gQ_AUoAnoECA0QBA&biw=1278&bih=614#imgrc=g5QR4QTO
VarCEM