Direct ls Indirect speech esa cnyus ds le; nks fu;eksa dk è;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSA

1. General Rules : These are the rules which are applicable to all types of sentences.
2. Special rules : These rules vary from one type of sentence to another.

1. General Rules
bl Rule ds rgr eq[; :i ls rhu izdkj ds cnyko fd, tkrs gSa] tks fuEufyf[kr of.kZr gS–a
I. Change of Tense II. Change of Pronoun III. Change of words relating Time and place

i. Change of Tense
ds Tense ds vuqlkj Reported speech ds verb dk tense cny tkrk gS
Reporting verb
1- tc Reporting verb present/future esa gks gks rks Reported speech dk Tense ugha cnyrk gSA
2- tc Reporting verb past esa gks gks rks Reported speech bl izdkj cnyk tkrk gS &

Simple present – [Vp1]  Simple past [Vp2]

Present Progressive [is/am/are + Vp-ing]  Past Progressive [was/were + Vp–ing]
Present Perfect [has/have + Vp3]  Past Perfect [had + Vp3]
Present perfect progressive  Past Perfect Progressive
[has/have + been + V–ing] [had + been + V–ing]
Simple Past [Vp2]  Past Perfect [had + Vp3]
Past Progressive-  Past perfect progressive
[was/were + V-ing] [had been + V-ing]
Past Perfect [had + Vp3]  No change
Past perfect progressive [had + been + Vp–ing]  No change
Can/may/shall/will  could/ might/should/ would

Some of the exceptional cases of Change of Tense

Exception - 1 Example :
tc Reported speech dk okD; Universal Truth or Habitual Direct : He said “My wife was making lunch while I
fact gks rks Reported speech dk Tense ugha cnyrk gSA was studying”
Indirect : He said that his wife was making lunch while
Examples : he was studying.
Direct : Our teacher said, “The Earth is round”
Exception - 4
Indirect : Our teacher said that the Earth is round.
(Universal Truth) tc Reported speech dk okD; Hypothetical/unreal facts gks rks
Direct : Rajiv said to me, “He plays with the right hand” Reported speech ds Tense esa dksbZ cnyko ugha gksrk gSA
Indirect : Rajiv told me that he plays with the right Example :
hand.(Habitual fact)
Direct : She said “If I were rich, I would help him.”
Exception - 2 Indirect : She said that if she were rich she would help
tc Reported speech dk okD; Past Historical Fact gks rks Reported him.
speech dk Tense ugha cnyrk gSA Exception - 5
Direct : Our teacher said, “Asoka left war after the tc Reported speech es Had + 3rd form, had + to infinitive
conquest of Kalinga”. and would, could, should, must, might, ought to etc. gks rks Reported
Indirect : Our teacher said that Asoka left war after the speech ds Tense esa dksbZ cnyko ugha vkrk gSA
conquest of kalinga.
Example :
Exception - 3
Direct : She said to me, “You should obey your elders.”
tc Reported Speech esa nks ?kVukvksa dk ftØ gks rFkk nksuksa lkFk&lkFk
Indirect : She told me that I should obey my elders.
gks jgs gksa rks Reporeted Speech ds Tense esa dksbZ cnyko ugha vkrk gSA
2
 Exception-6 Pronouns are changed according to a rule designated as SON where
tc Reported Speech esa ,slh ckrksa dk ftØ gks tks vkt Hkh lR; gks 'S' stands for Subject of reporting clause
rks Reported Speech ds Tense esa dksbZ cnyko ugha gksrk gSA 'O' stands for Object of reporting clause
Example : 'N' stands for No change.
Direct : Sarika Said, “Asia is the largest continent.” S– 1st person of the reported speech
Indirect : Sarika Said that Asia is the largest continent.
O – 2nd person of the reported speech
Exception-7 N – 3rd person of the reported speech
fuEufyf[kr modal verbs dh mifLFkfr esa Hkh Tense esa dksbZ cnyko
ugha gksrk gSA dqy feykdj vki Reported Speech esa ekStwn Pronoun dks fuEufyf[kr
might, could, should, ought to, used to, daren’t need’t. rjhds ls cnysa %
Examples : 1. First Person Pronoun, Reporting Verb ds sub. ds vuqlkj cnyrk
Direct : Sachin Said, “I would try it.” - gSA
Indirect : Sachin said that he would try it. Examples :
Direct : Kamini Said, “I might come.”
Direct : He says, “I am in the tenth class.”
Indirect : Kamini said that she might come.
Indirect : He says that he is in the tenth class.
Exception - 8
Direct : I say, “I am an honest business man.”
Reported Speech esa ekStwn would rather, would better, had rather, Indirect : I say that I am an honest business man.
had better, etc. dks cnyk ugha tkrk gSA
2. Second Person Pronoun, Reporting Verb ds object ds vuqlkj
Examples :
Direct : Nisha Said, “I would rather fly.” cnyrk gSA
Indirect : Nisha said that she would rather fly. Examples :
Direct : Mukesh Malik Said“They had better go.” Direct : She says to me, “You have done your work”
Indirect : Mukesh Malik said that they had better go.
Indirect : She tells me that I have done my work.
Exception-9 Direct : She says to her, “You have done your work”
tc must dk iz;ksx Obligation O;Dr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] rc Indirect : She tells her that she has done her work.
must dks ugha cnyk tkrk gSA bls vki mnkgj.k ds vuq:i Hkh le> ldrs gSaA Direct : I say to them, “You have done your work.”
Example :
Indirect : I tell them that they have done their work.
Direct :
The teacher said, "we must respect our elders
and betters." 3. Third Person Pronoun esa fdlh izdkj cnyko ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
Indirect : The teachers said that they must respect their
elders and betters. Examples :
tc must dk iz;ksx future time O;Dr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS rc Direct : He says, “He does not work hard”
;g have to/has to/will have to/would have to/had to esa cny fn;k
Indirect : He says that he does not work hard.
tkrk gSA
Direct : Everybody says, “They have spoken the truth”
Example :
Direct : 'I must go to school now,' says a boy. Indirect : Everybody says that they have spoken the
Indirect : A boys says that he will have to/has to go to truth.
school now.
Note :
II. Change of Pronouns (a) vxj Reported Speech esa Universal truth ppkZ gks vkSj bldk
Subject “We” gks rks bls ugha cnyk tkrk gSA
Reporting verb ds subject vkSj object ds vuqlkj Reported speech
esa vkus okyk izR;sd pronoun (3rd person ds vykok ) Hkh cnyk tk,xkA They said, “ We are made of what God is made of .”
Nominative Possessive Objective Reflexive They said that we are made of what God is made of.
I My Me Myself
(b) vxj Newspaper, magzine, bR;knh ds fy, Reported Speech esa
We Our Us Ourselves
You Yours You Yourself We, us, our, bR;knh dk iz;ksx gks rks vki bls it, it rFkk its esa cny nsA
He His Him Himself The Hindu Says “We will fight to abolish corruption”.
Sh e Her Her Herself
They Their Them Themselves The Hindu Says that It will fight to abolish corruption.
It It s It Itself (c) Pronoun dks cnyus ds oDr ;g è;ku esa j[kas dh Pronoun ds
Reported Speech ds Pronoun dks vki SON Rule ds vk/kj ij Number rFkk Case esa dksbZ cnyko u vk;sA
cnysa S 1 Direct : Vedpal says to Vinay, “ I can help you.“
O 2
Indirect : Vedpal tells Vinay that he can help him.
N 3
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 9. Last week dks The previous week esa cnyk tkrk gSA
III. Change of Words Related to Time and Place
10. Tomorrow dks The next day esa cnyk tkrk gSA
Reporting verb ds Past esa jgus Ikj Reported speech ds dqN
11. Next Week dks The following week esa cnyk tkrk gSA
vU; 'kCnksa dks bl izdkj cny nsrs gS%
12. Ago dks Before esa cnyk tkrk gSA
1. Here dks There esa cnyk tkrk gSA 13. Thus dks So esa cnyk tkrk gSA
2. Now dks Then esa cnyk tkrk gSA 14. Hence dks Thence esa cnyk tkrk gSA
3. This dks That esa cnyk tkrk gSA 15. Hither dks Thither esa cnyk tkrk gSA
4. These dks Those esa cnyk tkrk gSA 16. Co me dks Go esa cnyk tkrk gSA
5. Today dks That day esa cnyk tkrk gSA Note:
1. Come is not changed, if a word showing nearness is it
6. To-night dks That night esa cnyk tkrk gSA given after.
7. Yesterday dks The previous day esa
cnyk tkrk gSA 2. If this, here and now points to such a thing, place or time
that is in front of the speaker then no change takes place
8. Last night dks The previous night esa cnyk tkrk gSA
in Indirect Narration.

bu lekU; ifjorZuksa ds vykos reported speech esa vkus okys okD;ksa esa Types of Sentence ds vkèkkj ij dqN cnyko fd;k tkrk gS tks bl izdkj
gS %

2. SPECIAL RULES

vxj Reported Speech 'Assertive okD;* gks rks Example :

(a) Reporting verb dks said/says/say dks tell/tells/ told esa cny Direct – My father said, “ Deepak, I am displeased with
you.”
nsaxsA
Indirect – My father told Deepak that he was displeased
(b) vxj verb ds ckn object gks rks tell/tells/ told lgh gksxk vkSj vxj with him.
verb ds ckn object ugha gks rks tell/tells/ told dk iz;ksx ugha djsaA
(b) ;fn Reported Speech esas ladies and gentle man, my friends,
(c) ;fn Reporting verb ds ckn object ugha gks vkSj Reported speech Sisters and brothers, bR;kfn tSls terms of address dk iz;ksx gks rks
esa object dk Hkko vk jgk gks rks Reported speech ds vk/kj ij mls vki Indirect esa bl izdkj cnys
object dk bLrseky dj fy;k tkrk gSA Structure :
(d) Inverted commas dks gVkdj Reporting verb ds okD; ds ckn (i) Subject + Address/addressed + object + as + Terms of
that dk bLrseky gksxk vkSj address + ................
(ii) Addressing + Object + as + Terms of address + Subject +
(e) Reported speech ds verb, pronoun vkSj ckdh ds t:jh 'kCnksa dks Verb + ....................
mij fn, x, General Rules ds vuqlkj cny nsaxs A
Example :
(f) vU; cnyko ds fy, lekU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djsaA Direct : Vivekanananda says, 'Sisters and brothers of
America, there is nothing but nothing.’
Structure and Pattern Indirect : Vivekananda addresses the audience as
Indirect : sisters and brothers of America and says that
there is nothing but nothing.
1 Subject + said/says/say + that + Subject + verb
Addressing the audience as sisters and
2. Subject + tell/tells/told + Object + that + Subject + Verb+..... brothers of America, Vivekananda says that
Examples : there is nothing but nothing.

Direct : She said, “ Honesty is the best policy.” (c) ;fn Reported Speech esa Well, O, I see, you know, okay, bR;kfn
Indirect : She said that honesty is the best policy. tSls fillers dk iz;ksx gks rks vki bls gVk nsA ,slk djus ls vFkZ esa dksbZ
Direct : He said to his friends, “ I will return on Monday.” ifjorZu ugha vkrk gSA
Indirect : He told his friends that he would return on
Example :
Monday.
Direct : Her father said, “ Well, I shall punish you.”
Note
Indirect : Her father said that he would punish him.
(a) ;fn Reported Speech esas fdlh 'Noun’ dk iz;ksx lacks/u ds :Ik esa (d) ;fn Reported Speech esa 'good morning, good after noon,
fd;k x;k gks rks ml Noun dks Indirect Narration esa cnyrs oDr good night, good bye etc. , bR;kfn tSls phrase dk iz;ksx gks rks vki
Reporting Verb dk Object cuk nsrs gSA bls bl izdkj cnysa
4
 Example :
Note
Direct : Shyam said to me, “ Good evening. I am happy
to see you.” 1. Sentences with question tag
Indirect : Shyam wished me good evening and said that ;fn Reported Speech esa Question tag dk iz;ksx gks rks Indirect
he was happy to see me. esa cnyrs oDr Question tag dks gVk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj Conjunction ds
(e) ;fn Reported Speech esa ,d ls vf/d Assertive okD; iz;ksx :i esa If/whether dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ckdh ifjorZu lkekU; fu;e ds
fd;k x;k gks rks bls vki and ;k Further adds/added ls tksM+dj vkèkkj ij gh fd;k tkrk gSA
Direct : She said to me, ''You are going to watch a
fy[ksaA
movie, aren't you?''
Example : Indirect : She asked me if I was going to watch a movie.
Direct : Anjana Said, " You are a very good boy." I like Direct : Anjana Said to me, "You didn't break my heart,
you. did you?''
Indirect : Anjana said that I was a very good boy and Indirect : Anjana asked me if I had not broken her heart.
she liked me.
2. Sentences with yes/no statement
vxj Reported Speech ;fn Reported Speech Interrogative Sentence ds lkFk&lkFk
mldk Answer (tks yes/no esa gks) Hkh fn;k gks rks mldk Indirect
'Interrogative iz'uokpd* gks rks
bl izdkj gksxkA
(A) Reporting verb dsk asked/ask/want to know/wanted to know
Reported Speech ds Interogative statement dks crk, x,
;k enquire/enquired (of) esa cny nsaA Enquired dh fLFkfr esa vxj
fu;eksa ds vk/j ij cnysa rFkk yes/no okys statement dks vki
verb ds ckn object vk;k gks rks enquired ds ckn of yxsxkA reply/answer in the affirmative, reply/answer in the
(B) vxj Reported speech wh- pronoun ls 'kq: ugha gksdj auxiliary negative bR;kfn esa cnydj fy[ksaA
verb ls 'kq: gks rks that ds LFkku ij if/whether dk bLrseky gksxkA Direct : She said to me, "Did you meet her?" I said,
(C)vxj Reported speech dh 'kq:vkr Wh- pronoun (when, why, ''Yes''.
what, how, when, which, whose, where, etc.) ls gks rks buds igys Indirect : She asked me if i had met her. I replied in the
affirmative.
inverted commas gVkdj dHkh that dk bLrseky ugha gksxk cfYd
okD; lh/s bUgha 'kCnksa ls 'kq: dj fn;k tk,xk A 3. Sentences with Shall I
(D) è;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd Indirect speech esa cnyus ij Reported 'Shall I’ ls 'kq: gksus okys okD; dk Indirect Narration fuEufyf[kr
speech dk auxiliary verb tks Direct esa subject ds igys vkrk gS] rjhds ls cuk,aA
subject ds ckn pyk vk,xkA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd interrogative (a) tc Shall I dk iz; ksx Future time fn[kkus ds fy, fd;k x;k gks
sentence, Indirect Narration esa Assertive Sentence cu tk;sxkA rks shall I dks He/She would esa cny nsaA
(E) 'ks" k pronoun, tense rFkk vU; 'kCnksa dk ifjorZu lkekU; :i ls gh Example :
gksrk gSA ;kuh vU; cnyko ds fy, lekU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djsaA Direct : She told me, “ Shall I go?”
Structure & Pattern Indirect : She asked me if she would go.

[auxiliary verb ls 'kq: gks rks] (b) tc Shall I dk iz;ksx request ds vFkZ esa fd;k x;k gks rks shall I dks
Subject + ask/enquire / want to know + if/whether + Clause [ He/She Should esa cny nsaA
Subject + Verb +.....] Example :
Direct : She told me, “ Shall I switch on the T.V.?”
Example : Indirect : She asked me if she should switch on the T.V.
Direct : Rama says, 'Are you coming to meet my
mother?’ vxj Reported Speech 'imperative okD;* gks rks
Indirect : Rama asks if he is coming to see her mother. (A) Reporting verb said ds LFkku ij order/ordered/command/
commanded/warn/warned/suggest/suggested/advised/
Structure & Pattern :
prevent/prohbit/forbid/ bR;kfn esa ls dksbZ Reported speech ds
[Wh- pronoun (when, why, what, how, when, which, whose,
vFkZ ds vuqlkj gksxkA
where, etc.) ls 'kq: gks rks]
1. Beg - Hkh[k ek¡xuk
Subject + ask/enquire/want to know + Wh-Question word 2. Command - vkns'k nsuk
+Subject + Verb+…. 3. Order - vkKk nsuk
Example : 4. Implore - fourh djuk
Direct : Ram says, 'Why have you hurt my 5. Threaten - /edh nsuk
sentiments?’
6. Urge - vkxzg djuk
Indirect : Ram asks me why I have hurt his sentiments.
7. Persuade - cnykuk
5
 8. Propose - izLrko j[kuk (A) Reporting verb said ds LFkku ij request/requested/beg/
9. Suggest - lq>ko nsuk begged/ bR;kfn esa ls dksbZ ,d Reported speech ds vFkZ ds vuqlkj
10. Prevent - jks duk iz;ksx gksxk A
11. Prohibit - jks duk (B) Inverted commas dks gVkdj Reporting verb ds okD; ds ckn
,d connector ds :i esa To dk bLrseky gksxks
12. Forbid - euk djuk
(C) Reported speech ldkjkRed gksus ij to v1 ls vkSj udkjkRed gksus
13. Warn - lrdZ djuk
ij not to v1 ls 'kq: gksxk A
(b) vxj Reporting verb ds ckn object ugha Hkh gks rks indirect esa ,d
es kindly,please dks gVk ns
(D) Indirect narration
object t:j vk,xkA
(E) vU; cnyko ds fy, lekU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djsaA
(c) Inverted commas dks gVkdj Reporting verb ds okD; ds ckn
,d conjunction’ ds :i esa that/to dk bLrseky gksxkA Structure & Pattern :
(d) Reported speech ldkjkRed gksus ij To v1 ls vkSj udkjkRed gksus Subject + Request/Ask/Tell/Beg + Object + Infinitive
ij Not to v1 ls 'kq: gksxkA udkjkRed Reported speech dh fLFkfr
Example :
esa reporting verb dsa :i esa forbid/prevent/prohibit Hkh gks
Direct : She said, 'Help me with cooking, please.’
ldrk gS ijUrq rc not to v1 ds LFkku ij to v1 /from +v-ing vk,xkA
Indirect : She requested me to help her with cooking.
(e) ckdh dks mij fn, x, General Rules ds vuqlkj cny nsaxsA ;kuh vU;
cnyko ds fy, lekU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djsaA Negative Imperative okys okD; dks vki rhu rjhdks ls cny ldrs gSA
Example :
1- (a) Reporting Verb dks vFkZ ds vuqlkj ask/tell bR;kfn esa cnys
Direct : She says to me, 'Concentrate on your studies.’
Indirect : She asks me to concentrate on my studies. (b) Inverted Commas dks gVkdj Verb ;k Object ds ckn Not to
+ V1 dk iz;ksx djsA Examination esa to not + V1 / don’t + V1
Note dk iz;ksx dj Error cuk;s tkrs gSA
vxj okD; esa Sir/Madam dk iz;ksx gks rks mls gVk dj vki (c) vko';drk vuqlkj vU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djasA
Reporting Verb ds ckn ;k Object ds ckn vko';drkuqlkj Respectfully Structure & Pattern
'kCn dk iz;ksx djsA Subject +/order/ordered/Ask/Asked/Tell/Told/Remind/
Direct : Rachna says to me, 'Sir, give me your pen, Reminded + Object + Not + To + V (1st form)
please?' Example :
Indirect : Rachna requests me respectfully to give her Direct : She said to me, " Don't go there"
my pen.
Indirect : She ordered me not to go there.
vc vki fofHkUu izdkj ds imperative sentences dks Indirect Narration 2- (a) Reporting Verb dks Prevent/Prohibit esa cny nasA
esa cnyus dh fof/;ksa dks tkusa& (b) Inverted Commas dks gVkdj Reporting Verb ds ckn Object
1- vxj Imperative sentence ls Orders or command dk cks/ gks rks dk iz;ksx dj mlds ckn “from + Ving” dk iz;ksx djssaA
Indirect Narration es bl izdkj cnyas (c) vko';drkuqlkj vU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djasA
(A) Reporting verb said ds LFkku ij order/ordered/command/
Structure & Pattern
commanded/warn/warned bR;kfn esa ls dksbZ Reported speech
Subject +/Prevent/Prevented/Prohibit/Prohibited + Object +
ds vFkZ ds vuqlkj gksxkA From + + V + Ing.
(B) Inverted commas dks gVkdj Reporting verb ds ckn tksM+us ds
Example :
fy, To dk bLrseky gksxkA
Direct : She says to me, " Don't go there"
(C) Reported speech ldkjkRed gksus ij To v1 ls vkSj udkjkRed gksus
Indirect : She prevents me from going there.
ij not to v1 ls 'kq: gksxkA
3. (a) Reporting Verb dks forbide esa cny nsA
Structure & Pattern : (b) Inverted Commas dks gVkdj Object dk iz; ks x djs rFkk
Subject+Ask/Asked/Tell/Told/Order/Ordered/Command/ mlds ckn “to + V1” dk iz;ksx djsa Not + to + v1 dk iz;ksx ;gk¡
Commanded + Object + Infinitive xyr gksxkA
Example : Structure & Pattern
Direct : Shashi said, 'Go there!” - Subject + Forbid/Forbade + Object + To + V(1st form)
Indirect : Shashi ordered me to go there.
Example :

vxj Imperative sentence ls REQUEST dk cks/ gks rks Indirect Direct : She says to me, " Don't go there"
Narration eas bl izdkj cnys Indirect : She forbids me to go there.

6
Sentence Starting with Emphatic “Do”
(a) vxj Imperative okD; Do + V1 + ........ Structure ij vk/kfjr gks
rks Indirect esas bls cnyrs oDr 'Do’ dk iz;ksx u djsA
(b) vU; izdkj dk cnyko Imperative Sentence ds fu;eksa dk ikyu
djrs gq, djsA
Example :
Direct : Manish said, "Please, do take care of yourself".
Indirect : Manish requested taking care of myself.
;fn Reported Speech “Let” ls 'kq: gks vkSj blls izLrko (Proposal)
;k lq>ko (Suqqestion) dk cks/ gks] rks mls vki Indirect Speech esa
Structure
S + Suppose + Object + To + be + N/P/Adjective +.......
Examples :
(a) Direct : The teacher said, “ Let this be a triangle.”
Indirect : The teacher supposed that to be a triangle.
(b) Direct : She said, 'Let him be a living devil.’
Indirect : She supposed him to be a living devil.
;fn Imperative okD; “let” ls izkjEHk gks vkSj blls allow/ permit
(vuqefr) dk cks/ gks] rks blls Indirect narration esa fuEufyf[kr
Steps dks follow djrs gq, cnysaA

fuEufyf[kr Steps dks Follow djrs gq, cnysaA vxj Reporting Speech Steps
esa Object gksa rks 1. Reporting Verb dh txg Order/request/tell bR;kfn dk iz; ksx
vFkZ@ Hkko ds vk/kj ij djasA
Steps
2- vxj Reporting Clause esa Object available gks rks mls Verb ds
1- Reporting Verb dks Suggest/Propose esa cny nas
ckn fy[ksaA
2- Propose/suggest ds ckn “To + Object” dk iz;ksx djsa
3- blds ckn to allow + Object (let ds ckn vkus okyk Noun/Pronoun)
3- Conjunction ds :i esa that dk iz;ksx djsa dks fy[ksa
4- Let ds ckn vkus okyk Pronoun “US” dks okD; ds vFkZ@Hkko ds 4- iz;qDr Verb dks “To + V1 ds :i esa fy[ksaA
vuqlkj “We” ;k “they” esa cnyasA
Structure
Structure S + ask/request/order + Object + to allow + object + To + ...........
S + Suggest/Propose + (To) + Object + that + We/they + Should
+ V1 + ............... Example :
Direct : Vinay said to Shushank, ' Let me dance with
Example : her.’
Direct : He said to his friends, 'Let’s go to watch a Indirect : Vinay asked Shushank to allow him to dance
movie.’ with her.
Indirect : He proposed to his friends that they should go Note : “To allow” dh txg “To let” dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS]
for a walk. ysfdu blds ckn iz;qDr gksus okyk Verb ges'kk Bare Infinitive gksxkA
vxj Reporting Clause esa Object ugha gks rks Example :
Direct : Vinay said to Shushank, ' Let me dance with her.’
Steps Indirect : Vinay asked Shushank to let him dance with her.
1- Reporting Verb dks Suqqest/Propose esa cny nsa
;fn Reported Speech esa Imperative Sentence gks vkSj mlds lkFk
2- Suggest/Propose ds ckn Gerundial form of Verbs (V1 - ing)
Question tag dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gks rks mls Indirect narration esa
dk iz;ksx djsA fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls cnyk tk,xk
Structure 1- vFkZ@Hkko ds vk/kj ij Reporting Verb dks tell/ask/request bR;kfn
S + Suggest/Propose + V + ing + .................. esa cnysaA
2- vxj Object gks rks mls Reporting Verb ds ckn fy[k dj To + V1
Examples + ..........dk iz;ksx djsaA vxj Object ugha gks rks Reporting Verb ds
Direct : He said, 'Let’s go for a walk.’ ckn V + ing + ............dk iz;ksx djsaA
Indirect : He proposed going for a walk : 3- vU; cnyko ds fy, lekU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djsaA
4- Question Tag dks Indirection Narration esa NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA
;fn Imperative Sentence “Let” ls 'kq: gks vkSj blls Supposition
Example :
(dYiuk) dk cks/ gks] rks blls Indirect Narration esa fuEufyf[kr Steps
Direct : Lalit said to Preeti, 'Give Parvesh a couple of shirts,
dk follow djrs gq, cnysA will you?’
Steps Indirect : Lalit asked Preeti to give Parvesh a couple shirts.

1. Reporting Verb dks Suppose esa cny nsaA dHkh&dHkh Interrogative Sentence ls Hkh request/invitation/order
2. Let ds ckn iz;ksx gksus okys Object dks Suppose ds ckn j[ksa bR;kfn dk cks/ gksrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vki mlss Imperative okD; ds :i
esa ysa vkSj mlh vk/kj ij cnysaA
3. Object ds ckn To be + Noun/Pronoun/Adjective dk iz;ksx djasA

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bu okD; ds vk/kj ij le>sA Assertive : S+V+a+Very+Adj+ Noun
(a) Direct : The boy said, 'Could I have your pen, please Exclamatary : How + Adj/Adv
?’ Assertive : S + V +Very+ Adj/Adv
Indirect : The boy requested having a pen. Exclamatary : How + Adj + a/an + N + S + V Assertive : S + V +
(b) Direct : She said to me, 'Would you please help me?’ Very + Adj. + ............
Indirect : She requested me to help her.
Examples :
vxj Reported Speech esa (a) What a sight! – It is a beautiful sight.
'OPTATIVE okD;* gks rks (b) What a beautiful lass! –She is a Very beautiful lass.
(c) How sad! – It is very sad.
vxj Optative Sentence (IkzkFkZuk] vk'khokZn] vkykspuk] vk'kh"k) dk (d) How difficult a problem it is! – It is a very difficult
iz;ksx vxj Reported Speech esa fd;k x;k gks rks bldk Indirect Narration problem.
fuEufyf[kr rjhds ls cnyk tk,xkA Note
1. Reporting Verb dks Bless/Wish/Curse/Pray bR;kfn esa cny dj (a) dHkh&dHkh Exclamatory okD; esa Subject vkSj Verb dk iz;ksx ugha
fy[kasA gksrk gSA oSlh fLFkfr esa vki okD; ds vFkZ ds vuqlkj Subj/Verb dk
2- Conjunction dh txg that dk iz;ksx djsaA iz;ksx djsa
4- Optative (May + S+ V+…/ V1+ S+….) okD; dks Assertive (S+May/ bu mnkgj.kksa ls le>us dk iz;kl djsaA
Might+ V1+..) okD; esa cny nsAa Exclamatory Assertive
(a) How Sad It is very sad.
5- Reported speech ,d lkekU; okD; dh rjg cusxk vkSj pkgs Reported
(b) How beautiful It is very beautiful.
speech esa may yxk gks ;k ugha Indirect es subject ds ckn may/
(c) How beautiful She is very beautiful.
might yxsxkA
(b) vxj Reported Speech dk Exclamatory Sentence To + V1 +
6- vU; cnyko ds fy, lekU; fu;eksa dk iz;ksx djsaA
........ ls 'kq: gqvk gks rks bldk Assertive okD; bl izdkj cusxkA
Structure Direct : (To + V1 (think/ imagine,)
Subject + Bless/Wish/Curse/Pray + That + Indirect : It is strange that + it ....
Clause + (Subject + Verb) Direct : To think of her proposing you !
Indirect : It is strange that she should propose you.
Examples :
(a) Direct : My teacher said to me, “May God bless you!” Exclamatary or Interjection words dk iz;ksx gksus ij] fuEufyf[kr
Indirect : My teacher prayed that God might help me. Verb dk iz;ksx Indirect Narration esa Reporting Verb ds cnys fd;k
(b) Direct : She said to me, “ May you die!” tk,xkA
Indirect : She cursed that I might die.
(c) Direct : She said, 'You keep smiling!’ Hurrah! - Exclaim with joy
Indirect : She wished that I might keep smiling. Oh! - Exclaim with sorrow
Alas! - Exclaim with sorrow
vxj Reported Speech esa 'Exclamatory Ah! - Exclaim with sorrow
Oh Dear! - Exclaim with sorrow
Sentence' gks rks Ha Ha! - Exclaim with amusement
Fie! Fie! - Exclaim with reproof
vxj Reported Speech esa Exclamatory okD; dk iz;ksx gqvk gks rks My Goodness! - Exclaim with surprise
bldk Indirect Narration fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A Good Gracious! - Exclaim with surprise
Bravo! - Exclaim with approval
Steps Tut! Tut! - Exclaim with contempt
1- Reporting Verb dks -'exclaimed/exclaimed with joy/exclaimed with Bosh! - Exclaim with contempt
sorrow/exclaimed with disgust/exclaimed with surprise/exclaimed Hum! Hem! Humph! - Exclaim with doubt
with grief/ confessed with regret/ shouted with applause/cried out/ Ugh! - Exclaim with disgust
eagerly wished bR;kfn esa cny dj fy[kasA For Goodness Sake! - Exclaim with anger
2- Conjunction ds txg that dk iz;ksx djsaA For God’s Sake! - Exclaim with sorrow
For Heaven’s Sake! - Exclaim with sorrow
3- Interjections . Alas!/Oh!/Ah!/Bravo!/Well Done!/Wow/ dks gVk nasA
Good Heavens! - Exclaim with horror
4- Exclamatary okD; dks Assertive okD; esa cny nsaA Well Done! - Exclaim with applause
5- vxj Exclamatary okD; What/How ls 'kq: gks rks vki bls Assertive O My God! - Exclaim with surprise
esa bl izdkj cnysaA Hello! - Greet
Exclamatary : What + an/a+ Noun Good Bye! - Bid
Assertive : S+V+Appropriate Adj.+ Noun Good morning! - Wish
Exclamatary : What + A/an + Adj. + Noun Good Evening! - Wish
Good afternoon! - Wish
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