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ატმის წარმოების აგროტექნოლოგია
ატმის წარმოების აგროტექნოლოგია
ატმის წარმოების აგროტექნოლოგია
აგროტქნოლოგია
elberta
krimCaki
adgili TeslbrunvaSi
Tu atmis baRis gaSeneba igegmeba farTobze, sadac wina wels iwarmoeboda atami, am
SemTxvevaSi saWiroa 2-3 wliani intervalis dacva atmis axali baRis gaSenebamde da
Semdeg plantaJis Catareba, raTa minimumamde iqnas Semcirebuli mavnebel-
daavadebebis gavrcelebis riskebi.
dasargavi ormo. nergis dasargavad, saWiroa momzaddes ormoebi, romelTac eqnebaT 40 sm.
sigane, 30 sm. sigrZe da 40 sm siRrme.
nergi. nergi unda iyos jansaRi, dauzianebeli fesvTa sistemiT da kargad Sexorcebuli
namyeni adgiliT.
dargvis sqemebi:
Zlier saZireebze damynili nergebi – rigTaSoris 8 metri, mcenareebs Soris - 6-8 metri.
saSualo zrdis saZireebze (rutpak 40) —rigTaSoris 4-5 metri, mcenareebs Soris - 1,5-3 metri
(am saZireebisaTvis aucilebelia sayrdeni sistema)
dargvis wesi. dargvisas nergis namyeni adgili unda moeqces niadagidan 4-5 sm. simaRleze.
niadagis ganoyiereba dargvisas. sasuqebi SeaqvT ormoebSi. am dros ormos fskerze iyreba
azotis, kaliumis da fosforis Semcveli sasuqebi, TiToeuli maTgani saSualod 30-50 gramis
odenobiT. ormoSi sasuqis Cayris Semdeg, aucilebelia sasuqis 5-10 sm. sisqis miwiT dafarva.
garda amisa, dargvisas nergisaTvis Semosayrel miwas unda Seerios 10-15 kg. gadamwvari
nakeli. es operacia (nakelis Setana) saWiroa ganxorcieldes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
plantaJis dros ar iqna nakeli Setanili. plantaJis dros ki saWiroa 30-40 tona nakelis
Setana erT heqtarze.
niadagis am saxiT ganoyierebis Semdeg, sami wlis ganmavlobaSi axalgazrda baRSi ar aris
saWiro nakelis da mineraluri (fosforiani da kaliumiani) sasuqebis gamoyeneba. gamoiyeneba
mxolod azotiani sasuqebi yovelwliurad adre gazafxulze.
atmis baRSi Sesatani mineraluri elementebis zusti dozebis dadgena saWiroa niadagis
agroqimiuri da foTlis analizis Sedegebis mixedviT. foTlebSi sakvebi elementebis
optimaluri Semcvelobebia:
azoti N—2,8-3,4%/mSral nivTierebaze.
fosfori P—0,13-0,20%/mSral nivTierebaze.
kaliumi K—1,3-1,8%/mSral nivTierebaze.
magniumi Mg—0,30-0,70%/mSral nivTierebaze.
kalciumi Ca—1,6-2,6%/mSral nivTierebaze.
saorientaciod, yovelwliurad saWiroa atmis baRSi Setanili iqnas 100-120 kg. azoti, 80-100
kg. fosfori da 80-100 kg. kaliumi (sufTa nivTierebebi).
mineraluri sasuqebis Setanis optimaluri periodebi:
azoti N — vegetaciis periodSi: pirveli Setana kvirtebis dabervis periodSi, meore
Setana danormebis Semdeg, xolo mesame Setana ki mosavlis aRebis Semdeg.
fosfori P — xsnadi formis Setana saWiroa vegetaciis periodSi, uxsnadi forma ki
Setanili unda iqnas Semodgomaze, an gvian zamTarSi.
kaliumi K — igive, rac fosforis SemTxvevaSi.
organuli sasuqebi: Seitaneba 3-4 weliwadSi erTxel, 30-40 tona.
atmis bugri
miuxedavad imisa, rom tabulebi moicavs preparatebis farTo speqtrs, aRsaniSnavia, rom
pesticidebis bazarze arsebobs sxva pesticidebi, romelTa gamoyenebac aseve efeqturia
atmis mavnebel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg.
atmis mavnebel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg saWiro wamlobebis Sesadgeni tabula
pirveli wamloba
pesticidis
wamlobis pesticidi gamoyenebis
Catarebis mavne obieqti reglamentebi
periodi pesticidis moqmedi savaWro
1 ha-ze
tipi nivTiereba dasaxeleba
farianebi,
bugrebi, tkipebi parafinis zeTi
qei, ek 15 l
da sxvა mozamTre 830 g/l
stadiebi
farianebi,
bugrebi, tkipebi inseqto- parafinis zeTi sipkamoli e
20 l
da sxvა mozamTre akaricidi 80 % ek
stadiebi
farianebi,
bugrebi, tkipebi imidaklopridi 4
kompradori
g/l+min. zeTi 704 15 l
da sxvა mozamTre oili 004, sk
g/l
kvirtebis stadiebi
dabervamde sixuWuWe, spilenZis kuprosulfi 30 kg
klasterosposiozi sulfati + kiri 30 kg
meTirami 420 +
sixuWuWe, spilenZis kauritili,
3 kg
klasterosposiozi dihidroqsidi wdgr
390
fungicidi
sixuWuWe, spilenZis Sabiamani + 30 kg
klasterosposiozi sulfati kiri 30 kg
samfuZiani
sixuWuWe, spilenZis kuproqsati,
10 l
klasterosposiozi sulfati 345 sk
g/l
meore wamloba
pesticidis
wamlobis pesticidi gamoyenebis
Catarebis mavne obieqti reglamentebi
periodi pesticidis moqmedi savaWro
1 ha-ze
tipi nivTiereba dasaxeleba
sixuWuWe, spilenZis iroko 40,
4,5 kg
klasterosporiozi, hidroqsidi 400 g/kg wdgr
sixuWuWe, ciprodinili 750 xorusi,
0,3 l
klasterosporiozi, g/kg wdgr
fungicidi samfuZiani
sixuWuWe, kuproqsati
spilenZis sulfati 7 l
moniliozi sk
345 g/l
sixuWuWe, bordos narevi 124 bordoflo
12,5 l
moniliozi g/l niu, sk
vardisferi
konusis farianebi, bugrebi
faza da sxva deltametrini 25 decisi
1 l
mavnebelTa g/l blu 25 ek
kompleqsi
farianebi, bugrebi
da sxva cipermetrini 250
inseqticidi arivo 25 ek 0,16-0,35 l
mavnebelTa g/l
kompleqsi
farianebi, bugrebi
da sxva lambdacihalotrini karate
0,2 l
mavnebelTa 50 gr/l zeoni, mks
kompleqsi
mesame wamloba
pesticidis
wamlobis pesticidi gamoyenebis
Catarebis mavne obieqti reglamentebi
periodi pesticidis moqmedi savaWro
1 ha-ze
tipi nivTiereba dasaxeleba
difenokonazoli
sixuWuWe skori ek 0,3 l
250 g/l
antrakoli
propinebi 700 g/kg 2,5 kg
sf 700
sixuWuWe,
klasterosporiozi, fluopirami 250
uSualod luna
moniliozi g/l+
yvavilobis senseiSn ks 0,3 l
trifloqsistrobini
win, rodesac 250 g/l
500
fungicidi
ramdenime
yvavili delani 70,
sixuWuWe diTianoni 700 g/kg 0,7 l
gaSlilia wdgr
spilenZis
Cempioni,
sixuWuWe hidroqsidi 770 7-8 kg
sf
gr/kg
ziraflo,
sixuWuWe cirami 760 g/kg 2 kg
wdgr
meoTxe wamloba
pesticidis
wamlobis pesticidi gamoyenebis
Catarebis mavne obieqti reglamentebi
periodi pesticidis savaWro
moqmedi nivTiereba 1 ha-ze
tipi dasaxeleba
sixuWuWe, delani 70,
diTianoni 700 g/kg 0,7 l
klasterosporiozi wdgr
antrakoli
propinebi 700 g/kg 2,5 kg
sf 700
sixuWuWe,
klasterosporiozi fluopirami 250 g/l+ luna
trifloqsistrobini senseiSn ks 0,3 l
250 g/l 500
difenokonazoli 250
gvirgvinis sixuWuWe g/l + propikonazoli taspa, 500 ek 0,3 l
furclebis 250 g/l
cvena
sixuWuWe, mankozati,
mankocebi 800 gr/kg 2-2,5 kg
klasterosporiozi mc
boskalidi 267
sidample, signumi,
g/kg+piraklostrobini 1,2 kg
moniliozi wdgr
67 g/kg
ziraflo,
sixuWuWe cirami 760 g/kg 2 kg
wdgr
bugri, nayofWamia
da sxva qlorpirifosi 480 pirifosi 48
2 l
mavnebelTa g/l ek
kompleqsi
mwvane bugrebi,
imidaklopridi 350 kompradori
aRmosavluri inseqticidi 0,3 l
gr/l 350 sk
nayofWamia
bugrebi, lanati 20 s
metomili 200 g/l 2-2,5 l
nayofWamia wxk
bugrebi, bi-58 axali,
dimeToati 400 g/l 1 l
nayofWamia ek
mexuTe wamloba
pesticidis
wamlobis pesticidi gamoyenebis
Catarebis mavne obieqti reglamentebi
periodi pesticidis moqmedi savaWro
1 ha-ze
tipi nivTiereba dasaxeleba
difenokonazoli 250
g/l + taspa, 500
nacari 0,3 l
propikonazoli 250 ek
g/l
mankozati,
sixuWuWe mankocebi 800 gr/kg 2-2,5 kg
mc
antrakoli
propinebi 700 g/kg 2,5 kg
klasterosporiozi, fungicidi sf 700
nacari trifloqsistrobini zato wxgr
300 gr
500 g/kg 50
boskalidi 267 g/kg+
signumi,
sidample piraklostrobini 67 1,2 kg
wdgr
g/kg
sakozebi m-
sixuWuWe mankocebi 800 gr/kg 4 kg
45, sf
gamonaskva, decis
nayofebi aRmosavluri deltametrini 25
fluqsi ek 0,5 l
nuSis nayofWamia g/l
25
odenaa
alfacipermetrini
fastaki, ek 0,3 l
100 gr/l
pirimifos meTili aqteliki,
inseqticidi 2 l
500 gr/l ek
bugrebi,
metomili 200 g/l lanati 20 2-2,5 l
nayofWamia
s wxk
qlorpirifosi 500
nurel-d,
g/l+cipermetrini 50 2 l
ek
g/l
inseqto- vertimeki
tkipebi, bugrebi abameqtini 18 g/l 1,2 l
akaricidi 018 ek
meSvide wamloba
pesticidis
wamlobis pesticidi gamoyenebis
mavne reglamentebi
Catarebis
obieqti
periodi pesticidis moqmedi savaWro
1 ha-ze
tipi nivTiereba dasaxeleba
trifloqsistrobini
250 nativo 75,
nacari 0,18 kg
g/kg+tebukonazoli wxgr
500 g/kg
fungicidi difenokonazoli
250 g/l +
nacari taspa, 500 ek 0,3 l
propikonazoli 250
g/l
krezoqsim meTili strobstari,
nacari 0,25 kg
500 g/kg wxgr
nayofebis nayofWamia, qlorpirifosi 480 pirifosi 48
2 l
damsxvileba farianebi g/l ek
qlorpirifosi 500
nayofWamia,
g/l +cipermetrini nurel-d, ek 2 l
farianebi
50 g/l
nayofWamia, inseqticidi qlorpirifosi 480
dursbani, ek 2 l
farianebi g/l
qlorpirifosi 500
nayofWamia, g/l +
grand d, ek 1,5 l
farianebi cipermetrini 50
g/l
tebufenpiradi 200
tkipebi akaricidi masai, wxf 0,5 kg
g/kg
merve wamloba
pesticidis
wamlobis pesticidi gamoyenebis
Catarebis mavne obieqti reglamentebi
periodi pesticidis moqmedi savaWro
1 ha-ze
tipi nivTiereba dasaxeleba
simwifis nayofis
fungicidi
dasawyisi sidample
ciprokonazoli
375 g/kg sviCi 62,5
1 kg
+fludioqsanili wdgr
250 g/kg
atmis baRSi gavrcelebuli sarevelebis winaaRmdeg Casatarebeli wamlobebis
SesarCevi sqema
mosavlis aReba-Senaxva
mosavlis aReba jiSebis mixedviT xdeba damaxasiaTebeli feris, zomis da gemos
miRwevis Semdeg.
SenaxvisaTvis saWiro pirobebia:
haeris optimaluri tenianoba - 90-95%.
Senaxvis optimaluri temperatur: - 0-1°С
Senaxvis vada mocemul pirobebSi - 20-dan 30 dRemde.
yovel momdevno gasxvlisas toveben iseT axlad warmoqmnil gverdiT totebs, romlebic
mavTulis gaswvriv viTardebian da saboloo jamSi mcenare konusur formas iRebs.
Spindelis formiT sxvlis dros ki dautotavi nergi ikveceba 70-80 sm-is simaRleze,
xolo datotvili zeda totidan 30-40 sm-is simaRleze, xolo vegetaciis periodSi
(zafxulSi) amoiWreba lideris konkurenti totebi, xolo qveda totebi magrdeba
mavTulze. meore wels, Tu mcenares Zlieri zrda SeunarCundeba, lideri ar iWreba,
moiWreba mxolod konkurenti da qveda totebi magrdeba mavTulze. aseTnairad grZeldeba
4-5 wlis ganmavlobaSi. SemdegSi xdeba moberebuli vertikalurad mozardi, CaxSirebuli
da naklebad produqtiuli totebis gamoxSirva.
garda amisa, atmis movlis mniSvnelovan RonisZiebad iTvleba e.w. “mwvane gasxvla”,
romelic tardeba mosavlis aRebis Semdeg. misi umTavrebis mizania dazianebuli-
damtvreuli totebis Camocileba da xe-mcenareebis varjisaTvis zrdis sasurveli
intensivobis uzrunvelyofa – am mizniT mwvane gasxvlisas mimarTaven or meTods:
Semdgenlebi
zviad boboqaSvili – soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori
nikoloz sulxaniSvili - soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqtori