CHITKARA SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND

ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURAL THESIS

HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

ChanpreetSingh
1415991032
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. History of school

3. Aim and objectives of the project

4. Validity Of the Project

5. Scope of project

6. Design considerations

7. Challenges of the project

8. Punjab Building norms

9. CBSE Norms

10. Location and Site context

11. Site details

12. Geography

13. Topography

14. Climate

1. Literature Study

2. Internet Study

3. Live case study

Learning paths school sector 67 Mohali, Punjab
Mukat international school rajpura
1 .1 I n t r o d u ct i o n

Aschoolisaneducationalinstitutiondesignedtoprovidelearningspacesandlearningenvironmentsfortheteachingofstudents(or
"pupils")underthedirectionofteachers.Mostcountrieshavesystemsofformaleducation,whichiscommonlycompulsory.Inthese
systems,studentsprogressthroughaseriesofschools.Thenamesfortheseschoolsvarybycountry(discussedintheRegionalsection
below)butgenerallyincludeprimaryschoolforyoungchildrenandsecondaryschoolforteenagerswhohavecompletedprimary
education.

1.2 HistoryofSchool

The Gurukuls were the traditional schools of learning which were typically in the teacher’s house or monastery. Even
though the education was free, the students from well to do families paid the gurudakshina which was a voluntary
contribution of their studies.

The British records reveal that the education was widespread in the 10th century, with a school for every temple, mosque
or village in most regions of the country. The main subjects were the arithmetic, the theology, the law, the astronomy,
the metaphysics, the ethics, the medical science and the religion. The school had the student representatives from all
classes of thesociety.

The present system of education was introduced and founded by the British in the century in the century, by the
recommendations macaulay. It has western style and content.

According to current estimates, 29% of Indian children are privately educated. With more than 50% children enrolling
in private schools in urban areas, the balance has already tilted towards private schooling in cities and even in rural
areas, nearly 20% of the children in 2004-2005 were enrolled in private schools

Gurukuls Monastary
1.3 Ai m a n d o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e p ro j e c t

The project aims at providing a suitable day school with aesthetical

atmosphere with all appropriate facilities.

• Infrastructural and administrative facilities

• Spatial Organization
• To create a learning environment which will be conductive to the mental
and physical development of the child.
• To create spaces to stimulate child’s creativity and thinking.
• Making potential use of existing landform,topography and vegetation on
site.
• Achieve a climate and ecofriendly design through built form and unbuilt
spaces
• Create a design which encourages nature and environment

1.4 Validity of the Project

• With the growing population, the school construction is essential in

every part of world.
• Key facts from the report indicate that, within the last five years, the
number of schools in india has grown by over 45%, while student
enrolement has increased by over 70%.
• So there is a need to design schools because of the growing population
and demand.

5. Scope Of The Project

• To design a school that shall have 100% day scholars with dayboarding
facility
• The day boarding facility would be available for all the students
• The scope of the project extends ony to the architectural design of the
school

6. Design considerations
• Class rooms should be adequate in size. The minimum floor space should at least be
11sqm per student

• The school have suitable furniture in the classrooms and office equipment and furniture
according to strength of students and the staff.

• Schools can be designed in a variety of sizes, configarations and layouts depending on

school district and the program.

• Schools should be comfortable visually, acoustically and thermally, they should have
excellent indoor air quality and they should be safe and secure.
• Good play area or open spaces crucial for physical,emotional and social development of
the children.

• Providing safe schools should be a high priority, control access to the building and
grounds by indivisuals or vehcles.

• Use of durable building material.

• Use of natural ventilation and daylighting in classrooms.

• Longer side of the building should be along the east side axis with maximum opening
on the north side to cut off heat gain.

• Connection of indoors with outdoor environment is also a key factor

• The school should have adequate facilities for providing recreation activities and
physical education as well as for conduct of various activities and programs for
developmental education and for the social, cultural and moral development of th
students and for safeguarding their health.

The Infrastructural facilities should be as follows:

a. Science Labs(composite for secondary or and separate physics, chemistry and biology
for senior secondary)- Min size should be 9m X 6m each.

b. For computer lab and math lab no min. size is prescribed however school should have
separate provision for it.

c. Rooms for extracurricular activities either separate rooms for dance, music, arts and
sports or 1 multipurpose hall for all these activities should be available.

1 . 7 C h a l l e n g e s of t h e proj e c t

– Toexplorethe symbiotic character of commerce andculture

– Explore the interrealtionships of thespaces
– Toevolve future proof contemporary model of conventional Indian School
1.8 Punjab building norms

1.9 CBSE Norms

The land requirement will be of minimum 4000sqm in case of-

Schools located within the limits of municipal authorities of Panchkula Mohali
and the sattelities cities of chandigarh.
Location And Site Context

This site is in IT city , Mohali Punjab

The site is connected to the national highway 5 through the new IT city road. The adjoining sites
are vacant.

Distance From (approx. acc. To google maps.):

Mohali city – 8.6 km

Chandigarh – 14 km

Chandigarh airport – 8.8 km

Panchkula – 22 km

Mohali Bus Stand – 7.1 km

Chandigarh Railway Station – 13.5 km

 S i t eD e t a i l s

Name – School
TargetUsers– Studentsandstaff( Teachers)
Site – ITCity, Mohali, Punjab
SiteArea– 4.4 acres
FAR-1:1.5
PlotYetto beAuctionedbyPUDA
Surrounding–Thesite is backedby Gurudwaraandvillagerurkaisalsonearby.
Reason for Selecting Site- Site lies in Mohali and is near chandigarh city.
Area hasa lotof scopefora successful schooloperation.
Site Surrounding
• Site is zoned appropriate for educational purpose.
• The site (Proposed) is surrounded by residential plots (22’6”-60’0”)/ (20’-40’)
and dispensary followed by community centre and sports stadium which are
yet to be built.

Residential
plots

Dispensary Site Community centre

Sports
Complex

Micro meterology

Annual rainfall: 61cm

Climate: sub-tropical continental monsoon climate
Wind Direction: Summers S-W and Winters is N-E
Temperature:

Summer: The temperature in summer may rise to a maximum of

47’ C Temperatures generally remain between 30 and 40 degrees.

Autumn: In autumn, the temperature may rise to a maximum of

36’C. Temperatures usually remain between 16 and 27 C in autmn.
The minimum temperature is around 13’ C.

Winter: Average temperatures in winter (November to February)

remain at (maximum) 7 to 15 ‘C and 1 and 5’ C.

Spring: Spring tempratuures vary between (min) 16 and 25’C(max).

WEAKNESS
1. The site is located near a village named rurka.
2. Whole area is undeveloped.
3. Old gurudwara is interfering with site.

OPPORTUNITIES
1. Site is located iside a proposed sector.
2. Site is flat
3. The site is located near to residential area which allows maximum number
of student’s intake.

Approach Road
Design Features according to climatic zone of Mohali
Punjab is situated in the north eastern part of india. The Punjab Climate is
determined by extreme hot and extreme cold conditions. The region lying
near the foot hills of Himalayas receive heavy rainfall whereas the region
lying at a distant from the hills, the rainfall iis scanty and the temperature
is high.
Mohali in Punjab comprises of three seasons. They are the summer
months of April to the end of June. The rainy season in Punjab is from the
months of early July to end of September. The winter season in Punjab is
experienced during the months of early December to the end of February.
The transitional seasons in Punjab are post monsoon season and the post
winter season.

Design Features
• High level of environmental comfort is required in the building block
with the flexibility for growth and change.
• Courtyard Planning is preferred for adequate light and ventilation.
• Reflective finishes shall be used like white sand stone which is
textured yet reflective.
• Terrazo Flooring for roof for reflective characteristics.
• Chajjas for prevention of summers sunlight.
• Small peep windows shall be provided at seating height for cross
ventilation and outside view.
• The planting scheme at site edges with tall evergreen trees provide
another protective layer for building and dispensary which will create
a sound barrier.
• The orientation of the building is decided by the site and wind
directions.

• Greater pressure on the windward side at 90 degree angle. Pressure

reduces on 45 degrees hence indoor velocity by 50%
• If building are laid out on a regular grid, the benefit of wind may be
lost altogether. If buildings are staggered and preferably spaced at
least 50m apart, then the flow of air may be maintained, and the wind
shadow reduced.
Punjab building norms

1.9 CBSE Norms

The land requirement will be of minimum 4000sqm in case of-

Schools located within the limits of municipal authorities of Panchkula Mohali
and the sattelities cities of chandigarh.
CURRENT CONDITION OF SITE APPROACH ROAD

VEGETATION ON SITE AIRPORT ROAD

From September to May the wind From May to July and August to
flows from North. September the wind flows from
West.

From July to August the wind flows

from South.

SOURCE:https://weatherspark.com/y/1087
86/Average-Weather-in-Mohali-India-
Year-Round#Sections-Humidity
WIND DIRECTION

SUN PATH
 LITRATURE STUDY

1. What is a school?

Aschool is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and

learningenvironments fortheteachingofstudents(or"pupils")underthedirection
ofteachers.Mostcountrieshavesystems offormal education,whichis commonly
compulsory.In these systems, students progress through a series of schools. The
namesfortheseschoolsvarybycountry(discussedin theRegionalsectionbelow)
butgenerallyincludeprimary schoolforyoungchildrenandsecondaryschoolfor
teenagerswhohavecompleted primary education.
 Categories OfSchool
• PUBLIC SCHOOLS- State education includes basic education,
kindergarden to twelfth grade also referred to as primary and
secondary education, as well as Post Secondary educational
institutiions such as universities, colleges, and technical schools
funded overseen by government rather than private entities.

• PRIVATE SCHOOLS- Private schools also known as independent

schools. Or non state schools are not administeredby local, state or
national govts. Thus they retain the right to select their students and
are funded in whole or in part by charging their student tuition.

• INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS- There are international schools in all

major cities. They are attended by expat and Indian children. These
schools cater mainly to students who are not nationals of the host
country such as children of the staff of international business,
international organizations, foreign embhassie, missions or
missionary programs.

THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

Kindergarden.
Middle school.
Secondary School.

A PRESCHOOL OR KINDERGARDEN- A Kindergarden is a

preschool educational approach traditionally based
around playing , singing, practical activities such as
drawing and social interaction as part of the transition
from home to school. It is an educational establishment
offering early childhood between the ages of 3 and 5 or
7, prior to the commencement of compulsory education
at primary school.
MIDDLE SCHOOL – (GRADE 1-5) A middle school is a school which children attend
between primary school and secondary school in places which use three or four levels of
schooling, typically between the ages of about 10-14.

SECONDARY SCHOOL – A highschool is a school that provides children and youth with
part or all of their secondary education between the ages of 11 and 16 or 11 and 18,
after middle school and before higher education.

AFFILATED BOARD

CBSE BOARD ( CENTRAL BOARD OF SENIOR EDUCATION)

1. The number of students in a class is in the range of 31-44

2.The school should have at least 1 computer lab with minimum of 10
computers or computer student's ratio pf 1:20 and internet connection.
• Classrooms minimum size should be 8m X 6m ( approx. 500sqft)
• Science Labs ( composite for secondary or and separate physcis, chemistry and
biology for senior secondary) Minimum size should be 9m X 6m each ( approx.
600sqft. ) fully equipped.
• Biology lab- 13.10m X 6.09m ( approx. 860 sqft)
• Physics lab – 13.10m X 6.09m ( approx. 860sqft. )
• Chemistry lab –12.80m X 6.09m ( approx.840sqft. )
• Library – minimum size should be 14m reading room facility. The school should
have a well equipped and spacious library with minimum of 1500 books and at
least 15 magazines. Also, the school should maintain pupil book ratio of 1:5
• Teacher student's ratio - 8m fully equipped and with kindergarten ( 1:15 ) middle
school ( 1:20 ) High school ( 1: 12 )
3.Rooms for extracurricular activities – either separate rooms for music , dance ,
arts and sports or one multipurpose hall for all these activities should be available.
4. Sports infrastructure ( as per NBA specs ) Indoor basketball court, chess, table
tennis, volleyball court, cricket pitch
PARKING

• The parking area should be located near the building's entrance for
the convenience of users.
• Sight lines shall be preserved to entries and landscaping features
shall be added to make the entry look welcoming.
• The parking of the cars can be done at different angle, 90, 45, and 60
de- gree.
• With the change in the angle the area occupied per car change.

Design criteria for disabled

• Minimum clear floor space required for one wheelchair is (760 x

1200mm)
• Minimum clear passage width for one wheelchair is 900mm & for
two wheelchairs is 1700 mm.
• For a 180 degree turn comfortable dimension is (1250 x 1800)
minimum.
• For a 90 degree turn comfortable spacing is 1700 x 1600) minimum.
 PARKING LAYOUTS

VEHCULAR AND PEDISTRIAN CIRCULATION

CLASSROOMS LAYOUT
PRACTICAL LABS

• A well-designed laboratory should be able to accommodate a wide

range of sci- entific activities. The size of the space, the method of
distributing services (gas and water) and the choice of furniture
systems will all affect the way in which it can be used. A laboratory of
85 m2 is a suitable size for a group of 30 secondary school learners
undertaking both practical and theory work. This size of labora- tory
will allow for enough local storage of basic items, provided that there
is ad- equate central storage.
• Smaller spaces may restrict your choice of apparatus, and safety
considerations may also become more significant. A laboratory of
less than 70 m2 may only be useful for smaller groups of secondary
school learners, or for sixth form groups. Space should also be
allowed for the safe storage of learners' belongings, such as bags and
coats. The shape of the space is almost as important as its size. A
simple rectangular shape allows for a flexible layout and good
learner supervi- sion. Rooms that are too long and narrow are
difficult to arrange. For example, if the teacher's bench and board
are on the short side of the room the learners furthest away may
have difficulty seeing the board and hearing the teacher.
LIBRARY AND MEDIA CENTER

Min Required are 0.3-0.5 sqm/ student

Or 20% of the total students

Book issue and return counter 5sqm/ workplace

Catalogue Space 20-40 sqm.

Librarian, media advisor etc 10 sqm/person

The total need may be divided into five categories, viz.

a) Books
b) Readers
c) Staff
d) Group meetings
e) Mechanical operations

SPACE FOR BOOKS

a) Open reading rooms
b) b) 7 volumes per lineal foot, or 50 books per foot of standard height
wall shelving, or 100
c) c) books per foot of double-faced shelving
d) d) Book stack areas, 15 books per square foot or 2 books per cubic
foot

PACE FOR READERS

As an establishment rule of thumb, minimum allowances are made of 30
sq.ft. per adult reader seating is in terms of net space for readers,
chairs,tables, aisles and ser- vice desk.
Seating requirements should be listed according to the several areas of
the build- ing.
SPACE FOR STAFF
There are striking differences in requirements between libraries open 20,
38 or 72 hours per week. Staff space requirements should be calculated
on the basis of 100 sq.ft 3wper staff member. It includes space for desk,
chair, books and equipment. A checklist of staff work areas should
include:
O Administrative offices
O Work rooms 7
Staff lunch and lounge rooms
OPEN RACK
In open stack book storage more room must be provided for readers fr
browsing and cross traffic.
Provision of cross aisles is important in this type of shelving
Minimum clearance from the rack:
• The maximum height of the stack recommended is 2.3m( 7 shelves).
• Separate store allocation must be provided for higher or deeper
books.
• If very heavy use is expected or the stack area is very large main
aisles should be minimum 1.5m wide.

CLOSED RACK
•The shelving should provide the maximum storage of books with
mini- mum use of space. This means island should be double sided
stacks, with single sided along the perimeter walls.
• The distance between stack will be dictated by access of book
trolley.
• The bottom shelf in closed book rack can be as near to the floor as
possi- ble(75 mm) with top shelf not higher than 1.9m, thus
preferred total height of stack 2.3 m ( 7 shelves total).
READING AREAS
• The recommended size of each individual ta- ble is 900X600mm.
if tables are arranged in rows this will have to be increased to Ligt
Powerpoint I Drison 900X900mm.
• Each reader allowance in reading area should be 2.3 m giving him
the share of circulation with in the room.
• A long table can accommodate up to 12 readers: the width of
such table should be 1200mm.
• It is recommended that long tables should have divisions
• All reading area will be served by staff centres. In library the
issue and return counter may be separated.
AUDITORIUM

The three-dimensional volume of an auditorium is conditioned by the

need for all members of the audience to be able to see the whole of
the platform or stage; and to hear the actor, singer, musician or
speaker.

AIM WHILE DESIGNING AN AUDITO-RIUM:

•Every member should be able tosee and hear the performance
without an obstruction and disturbance.
•It should be defined such that it is comfort- able in every aspect
whether it is visual or physical com- fort.
•There should be proper exits so that it doesn't create congestion and
proper escape routes should also be planned in case of emergency or
fire.
SEATING:
The aim is to provide an appropriate standard of comfort. The range
of human body dimensions is wide; while in most auditoria a single
size of seat is provided Tolerance levels vary: young people can
tolerate simple seating found less comfortable by older people.

WORKING DIMENSIONS:
Seat width: the minimum dimension a stipulated by legislation is
upholstered bench seating. Support off floor or tread 500 mm with
arms and 450 mm without. For seats with arms a width of 525 mm is
the least for reason- able comfort.
• SEAT HEIGHT: 430–450 mm.
• SEAT INCLINATION: an angle to the horizontal of 7-9°.
• BACK HEIGHT: 800–850 mm above floor level (may be increased for
acoustic reasons.
• SEAT DEPTH: 600–720 mm for seat and back depth overall, reducing
to 425-500 mm when the seat is tipped. The seat depth varies and
depends on thickness of upholstery and backing. For a modest seat
with arms, without overlap of riser the dimensions can be as low as
520 mm deep, 340 mm when tipped

VISUAL LIMITATIONS:

Visual limitations determine the maximum distance from platform or

stage at which the audience is able to appreciate the performance and
for the performers or speaker to command an audience. This distance
varies according to function type and the scale of the performance
 • For drama it is essential to discern facial expression, and the
maximum dis- tance should be 20 m measured from the setting line
of a proscenium stage or geometric centre of an open stage.
• Opera and musicals discerning facial expressions is less critical and
the dis- tance can be 30m.
• For dance the audience needs to appreciate the whole body of
dancers and fa- cial expression: the distance should not exceed 20 m,
•For conference speaker and lecturer there are two scales: discerning
facial ex- pression, restricted by 20 m; larger scale where facial
expression is not regarded as critical.

NUMBER OF SEATS IN A ROW:

With traditional seating the maximum number is 22 if
there are gangways at both ends of the row, and 11 for
gangway at one end. Thus in all but the smallest
auditorium the gangways divide the seating into blocks.

ROW-TO-ROW SPACING:
For traditional seating the minimum clearway for
people to pass along the row is 300 mm and this
dimension increases with the number of seats in a row,
For continental seating the clearway is not less than 400
mm and not more than 500 mm.
SEATING LAYOUT:

The seating layout in an auditorium depends mainly on selection of

format - the relationship between audience and performers and the
visual and aural limita- tions associated with a particular type of
production as well as the number of levels and sightlines.

GANGWAYS:
The minimum width is 1100 mm. Gangways can be ramped up to a
ratio of 1:10 to 1:12 if used by persons on wheel chair.
• AUDITORIUM SEATING ARRANGEMENTS STAGE LIGHTING:

The provision for stage lighting should be such that any part of the stage can
be lit from as many different angles as possible. The main sources are the
overhead within the stage and the auditorium, from side slots and less
frequently from the footlights Overhead lighting is particularly important and
should be arranged to strike the actor's face at about 45o above horizontal.
The location of lighting bars over the stage and the lighting bridges over the
auditorium can be worked by arranging the cone of light to fall between 55o
to 40o so that whole stage can be covered

• EXITS:
From each level of the auditorium two separate exits must be provided for the
first 500 seats with an addi- tional exit for each further 250 seats. Each exit
from the auditorium must lead directly to a place of safety.

• SIGHT LINES:
Good views of acting area are essen- tial for all practical purposes the rake of
the auditorium is therefore is worked out graphically The lowest point which
the whole audience should be able to see clearly is first established. The eye
level a of the person in first row is then plotted allowing 1120mm between the
eye level and the floor and a vertical line is drawn through the eye position in
second row. A straight line projected back over.
 SPACES FOR ACTORS, SINGERS AND DANCERS:
•Green room with kitchen:3.4 sq m. per occupants.
•Costume store, including skips and rails Costume delivery.
•Specialist make-up room: 10 sq m minimum per person.

re-performance practice room(s) (singers): 15 sq m. minimum.

•Wig store and hairdresser's room: 5–10 sq m.
WHEELCHAIR LOCATION: Regulations require a minimum of six places
for wheelchair users, or 1/100th of the audience capacity, whichever if
the greater. Their location as discrete areas can be at the rear, front, side
or within the seating.
SPORTS
STUDENTS ACTIVITYCENTER
This will consists of provision for the indoor games, gymnasium swimming
pool, dramatics and alumni center etc.the norms for building are 0.25 sq.m. per
student.

PLAYFIELDS
The institution must be provided with play fields so that the students can have
adequate participation in games and sport for healthy and constructive activities
within the campus .
OTHERS
AIRCASE AND RAMPS
Min. Width of staircase should be 1.25m.
For every 100 students , 0.8m shall be added to the width of staircase sub-
jected to a maximum of 2.5m.
Provision of ramps shall be made for the physically challenged.
For ramps, maximum length of flight = 10m, after that landing shall be
provided.

CORRIDORS

A well-designed school has corridors that accommodate the free and in- formal
movement of students .
The walls of corridors should be free of all projections .
Heat units, drinking fountains, fire extinguishers, lockers, doors, and dis- play
cases should be recessed in the interest of student safety.
Corridors should be well lighted, with emergency provision in the event of
main power failure.
Floor covering should be durable, nonskid, and easy to maintain.Min. Width of
the corridor should be 1.8m.
The maximum length of unbroken corridors should not exceed 150 to 200 ft.
INTERNET STUDY

Kendriya Vidyalaya

1
 ABOUT THE BUILDING

• Name of the Building – Kendriya Vidyalaya

• Use – School
• Location – Sector 80, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab.
• Plot Size – 13556.94 sqm.
•Total covered area – 7083.745 sqm.
• Estimated Cost –
• Client Name – A.K. Maurya
•Architect’s Name – Ar. Sunil Saini
•Architectural Firm –
•Year of Design –
•Year of Completion – 2010
• Playground Area – 3615 sqm.
• Built up Area - 7183.385 sqm.
LOCATION OF BUILDING

• Location - Sector 80, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab

 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE

1. GEOGRAPHY –
Mohali, Ajitgarh or Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar is a city in the remembrance of
SAHIBZADA AJIT SINGH in PUNJAB , INDIA. It lies south-west to Chandigarh . It is
adjacent to Chandigarh n is one of the parts of Tri-City.

2. TOPOGRAPHY –

Mohali's climate is classified as warm and temperate. In winter, there is much more rainfall in
Mohali than in summer. This climate is considered to be Csa according to the Köppen-Geiger
climate classification. The average annual temperature in Mohali is 24.1 °C. In a year, the
average rainfall is 940 mm.

3. CLIMATE - (AVERAGE TEMPERATURE)

 LANDMARKS NEAR SITE –

Sector 80 Gurudwara

SITE AREA –

PLOT SIZE – 13556.94 sqm.

 BUILDING BYE LAWS TAKEN INTO
CONSIDERATION –
• Permissible height – ~45’
• Permissible FAR - 1:3
• Permissible ground coverage – ~60%
• Floor to floor height – 11’-5”
• Mumty Height – 9’-0”
• Set Backs - 50’ from all sides
• Parking ECS – 109 ECS

• SANCTIONING AUTHORITY – GMADA

SITE PLAN
 SITE ANALYSIS –

•The school exists in the area where no near by schools were available. The school tries to
cover all sections of society, as the location of this building is as per. i.e.- school is overall
surrounded by flats, bungalows, slums, nearby village, so children from all ecnonic section
learn equality.

•The school is made as per aesthics, i.e. it attracts the children with colorful murals on the
exterior façade .

• The building also incorporates colors on the interiors of the building.

•The building is made in such a way hat it allowslight from all sides of the building + cross
ventilation can be felt throughout the building.
 SITE ANALYSIS –

•The school is completely handicap friendly , i.e. it is m=constructed keeping in mind the daily
difficulties of handicaps; which once again helps in improving the ethics of children and
additionally provokes the positive growth in their minds
Special wide doors for classrooms to allow enter
wheel chairs

Indoor ramps for

handicap
students +
teachers to
travel all floors
of the building

Connectivity of all spaces (int-int,

int-ext, etc) through ramps
 SITE ANALYSIS –

•The school also has a lot of playgrounds incorporated as cut outs in the built up area. This
creates an outside- inside effect and thus makes children environment friendly.

• Parking shed is in from front – right side of the building .

 SITE ANALYSIS –

•The school also has a stage with steel sheeted roofing on the rear side of the school for
organizing various school level functions and assemblies.

•The school also has a school canteen attached to the school building but opens on the
playground side, i.e. access to cangteen not from the interiors of the school.
 CONCEPT–

•The school also has a courtyard planning which encourages the children to come out of the
classes and unite in recess and other free periods, this planning also ensures proper lightening
and ventilation to all corners n spaces of the building.

•The school enrolls in lots of colored wall murals on exterior façade of the building and as
well as on exterior boundary wall; which attracts students of all age groups and also improves
the aesthics of the building.

•The building not shows the use of variety of materials at a single place; i.e. it focuses on one
material one space, i.e. clarity of thoughts and no mugging of things.

• The building is very user friendly –

-all corners of building have vertical circulation spaces

-doors are not as ordinary,i.e. wheelchair provision
-ramp connectivity to all spaces of building
- proper circulation spaces i.e. wide enough corridors
-proper use of grills at required places
- distinguish of floor materials as per req.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN–
FIRST FLOOR PLAN–
SECOND FLOOR PLAN–
SECOND FLOOR TERRACE PLAN–
FRONT ELEVATION–
REAR ELEVATION –
LEFT SIDE ELEVATION–
SECTION AA’–
SECTION BB’–
 BASIC CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM–

RCC Framed structure system is used

Paved pedestrian paths on

exterior circulation spaces

Steel framed structureused

on roof of stage
 10. LANDSCAPE DETAILS–

•Grass put up in every courtyardto

keep the air fresh and cool
ventilation

Proper playground on rear

side of the site

Soft scaping along the corners of the

building creating partition from the
pavement

Kitchen gardening done along a

side of of the school ; area
adjacent to the school canteen
Along the Boundary 10. PARKING DETAILS–
10. PLAY AREAS AND GREEN AREAS DETAILS–
10. SEWERAGE SYSTEM –
10. WATER SYSTEM –
10. STORM SEWERAGE SYSTEM –
CASE STUDIES
PROJECT 1 – LEARNING PATHS SCHOOL

Learning Path school is located in sector 67, Mohali. It started as The Millenium school, Mohali in year 2008,
but changed its name to Learning Paths school in year 2016. It is a senior secondary school affiliated to
Central Board of Secondary Education in India.

1. Main entry to school

REASONS FOR SELECTION OFBUILDING.

- The school has modern building with hi-tech teaching facilities.

- Punjab pollution board gave an “Award of honour” to the school for following a green
campus in 2012.
- In the all India ‘Green India’ contest, an initiative of Yi, the school stood as 1st runner up
in 2012 and National winners in 2013.

DETAILS OF PROJECT

- Name of project: Learning Paths School, Mohali

- Nature of project: Educational
- Name of architectural firm/architect: Space and vision
- Name of client: Western education society.
- Location of the project: Site no. 66, plot no. 3, sector-67, Mohali.
- Year of design: 2007
- Year of completion: Phase 1- 2010, phase 2-2014, phase 3-2018.
- Site area: 1,21,386 sq.ft. 2.7 acres
- Built up area: 1,20,000 sq.ft.
- Project cost: 21 crores
 SITE DESCRIPTION

- TOPOGRAPHY: Flat site

- LANDMARKS: NIPER Mohali, IT Park Mohali.
- SITE AREA: 2.83 acres
- CLIMATIC FEATURES
- Mohali’s climate is classified as warm and temperate. The highest temperature on
average is around 33.2°C and lowest temperature is around 13.5°C. The average rainfall in 940MM. June is
the hottest month and January is the coldest.

BUILDING BYELAWS
The building has been designed as per the zoning and building byelaws of
GMADA(Greater Mohali Area Development Authority). The permissibleFAR
is 1. The sanctioning authority is GMADA.

CRITICALANALYSIS OF SITE LAYOUT

The site is surrounded on three sides by a road network. The main entrance to the school is from an 80 feet
wide road exploiting the full potential of site. The narrower part of the marked as pocket X in site plan is well
utilised by providing play areas. The site is in close proximity of neighbourhood housing area and IT park, Mohali.

- The school was awarded the ‘Shiksha Ratan’ award for the best schools in ‘IT initiative’ inPunjab.
- Considering the above factors, I wanted to study the concept and planning of
an educational institute that influences the holistic development of students.
 DESIGN CONCEPT

• Western Education Society had the vision to have an educational institute that
would enable the students to have free minds and spacious environments. They
wanted the school building to suit its specific requirements.
•The school is designed in a traditional manner with central courtyard concept.
The circulation and movement pattern revolves around the courtyard(2 no. s). The
existence of courtyard is constantly felt from all the surrounding spaces.
• Spaces of the school flow freely into each other and are connected by
courtyard having a strong visual relationship.
• This spacious relationship through the courtyard is quite obvious and can be
felt by anyone while going around the core of the school.
• Finding climatic solutions courtyards are wonderful play and activity areas
during hot summer periods and also save students from winter winds.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND RESTRICTION

With the restriction of building school in two phases, the design revolves around a central
core with two identical clusters, each with its own courtyard. Each cluster has a group of sub
clusters. Every sub cluster has three classrooms or other functional areas. The central core
house the administrative area at the first floor, computer laboratories at the second floor and
the auditorium at the third floor. It is flanked by two courtyards on its sides. Each cluster has
its own central common area used for different activities. The elliptical cut out at the central
activity zone visually connects all the floors. It enhances social interaction and
communication among students.
The corridor around the central core and courtyards acts as a real
‘PARIKARMA’ of the school. It is a visually connected street between two clusters. The
common facilities like staircases, lift, toilet blocks are all approachable from this street.

FLOOR WISEAREASTATEMENT
FLOOR COVERED AREA
Basement 19398.9 sq.ft.
Ground floor 19502.96 sq.ft.
First floor 19565.58 sq.ft.
Second floor 19565.58 sq.ft.
Third floor 15840.79 sq.ft.
Total covered area on allfloors 734975.25 sq.ft.
Total plot area 121386.37 sq.ft.
ARCHITECTURALDRAWINGS

i) Siteplan
ii) Basement plan
iii)
Ground floor plan
iv) First floor plan

v) Second floor plan

vi) Third floor plan

vii) Terrace plan

viii)Elevations(4 sides)
ix) Sections

5
CRITICALANALYSIS OF SPACE PLANNING

i) Basement
The basement floors house the play areas for kindergarten, indoor games room
for students along with dinning hall and kitchen. A day care centre is also
located on this floor. All the areas are well lit and ventilated.
ii) Ground floor
The entry to the ground floor is through a raised platform approached by
staircase as well as a ramp. The central main entrance is mainly used by the
staff and visitors. The students enter the building through four side entrances,
two for each cluster. It does not cause congestion and keeps the movement of
students free during rush hours. The reception area is double height and has a
curvilinear staircase leading to the first floor, which gives exclusive access to
the administrative block located in the central core at the first floor.
The central covered court at ground floor is used as assembly area/activity
zone for cultural functions for pre-primary children. There are 24 classrooms
on ground floor. Medical room is located within one of the classrooms area.
The size of the classroom is sufficient for 30 students.

The two courtyards are the main activity zones on ground floor.

iii) First floor

First floor houses the administrative area in central core. It has principal’s
office, Director’s room, board room, meeting room, a small pantry and waiting
lounge. It overlooks the courtyard on both sides, through windows and still
maintains its own privacy. Staff room is also located at the first floor.
iv) Second floor
The computer rooms for students are located in the central core. 20 classrooms
and science laboratory is located at this floor.
v) Third floor
It houses senior students library, physics and chemistry laboratories, music
room and 4 classrooms. The multipurpose hall is also located at the third floor.

6
2.6 STUDY OF BASIC CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
i) The building is designed in RCC frame structure.

8
 2. Steps and ramp leading to main entry on ground floor.

3. Ramp leading to side entry for students.

4. Reception area on ground floor with 5.. Courtyards at ground floor.

staircase leading to administrative area.
6. Activity zone for pre-primary children.

7. Visual links in activity zone.

8. Staircase leading to upper and lower floors.

9. See through connecting flights of stairs.

10. Medical room at ground

floor.
11. View of reception from first floor.

12. View of classroom.

13. Smart classroom.

14. Administrative area at first floor.

15. Staff room on first floor.

16. Toilet facility.

17. Drinking water facility and toilet for boys.

18. Wrestling room.

19. Daycare facility in basement.

 23. Library view.

24. View through corridor in basement.

25. Computer room at second floor.

 26. View of art room.

27. Exhibition room at third floor.

28. Music room at third floor.

 29. Auditorium at third floor.

30. Laboratory at third floor.

32. Courtyard from above.

31. Visually connected floors.
 33. & 34. Apertures through courtyard.

35. , 36. , 37. Use of different colors to identify different floors.

38. . Color and floor pattern defining circulation

39. Rear view with play area.

40. Contrasting
texture.
BUILDING SERVICES
The school has been provided with latest technology like solar water heating, solar electric
panels and rain water harvesting. The ducts for plumbing and electric services are an integral part of
the design and aesthetically treated. The school prepares its own manure by recycling the garbage.

43. & 44. Electric ducts.

45. Aesthetically concealed plumbing ducts.

 46. AC ducts at terrace.

47. Fire escape staircase leading to

ground.

48. AC unit. 49. Solar water heater.

50. & 51. Solar panel for saving electricity.

52. Bus parking.

53. Bus parking at the backside.

PROJECT 2 : MUKAT INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

➢ Reason for selection of the building

o To understand the functioning of a site and its circulation.
o To design institutional areas with minimum wastage of space.
o To design proper parking spaces and utilities for a site.
o To learn the planning principles and the way to treat a large area of land
wisely.
o To understand proper light and ventilation in the building.
o To manage services of an institutional building & indoor sports complex in a
single site.
o The aim of the study is to achieve a unique harmony between the building site,
building design, people who will live in the building and the surrounding
neighbourhood character and residents.
o To understand how to accommodate existing structure into a new building
design.
➢ Details of the project
o Name MUKAT TRUST INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
o Use INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
o Location PATIALA ROAD (NH-7), RAJPURA

Fig 1. Location of Punjab on map of India. Fig 2. Location of RAJPURA, (DISTT. PATIALA) on map
of Punjab.
Fig 3. Location of site.

o Estimated cost 5 crores

o Client’s name MUKAT TRUST

o Architect’s name AR. RANJODH SINGH

HABITAT ARCHITECTS
#1777, MAHARAJ NAGAR, LUDHIANA

o Consultants involved
o Structural ER. AMARJEET SINGH PAIK
o Electrical LUCENT WORLDWIDE
➢ Description of the site

➢ Topography
o Site location: RAJPURA
o The average elevation is 259 meters (971ft.)
o Flat & fertile land.

➢ Climatic feature
o The site has a sub-tropical monsoon climate.
o Rajpura’s climate is classified as warm and temperate.
o The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very
little.
o Annual temperature: 23.7 *C
o Average rainfall 787 mm

➢ Landmark
o Located on NH-7 ( opposite road )
o Opposite to ABHINANDAN’s banquets.
o Near to hero agency.
o Only 9.2 kms. Away from bus stand, rajpura.

➢ Tress
o Various types of trees are planted on the site, such as
o Palm trees
o Date palm
o Fish tail palm
o Pine trees
o Rabies palm
o Fycus, hudge
o Conocarpus plant
o Termanalia plant
➢ Site area
o 2,75,000 sq. feet
o Ground coverage
o Green area:
o Total built up area
6.3 acres
70,000 sq. feet approx.
37,000 sq. feet approx.
2,10,000 sq. feet approx.

Sr. no. Particulars Area in sq. feets %age of total

area

1 Ground 70,000 25.45 %

coverage

2 Green area 37,000 13.45 %

3 Total built up area 2,10,000

➢ Building Byelaws
o Total plot area: 2.75,000 sq. ft.)
o Ground coverage: 40% (1,10,000sq. ft.)
o Achieved ground coverage: 70,000 sq. ft. (25.45 %)
o FAR 0.9%

Authorities that sanction its construction: PUDA

➢ Critical analysis of site layout

o The main site is divided into FOURAREA.

o ADMIN BLOCK
o SPORTS COMPLEX
o PHASE 1 & PHASE 2 BUILDING.
o Green areas have been created to make the site look lush green and
landscaping has been done.
o Full attention has been given to theAnthro requirements.
o ADMIN. Block is placed between the central axis so that it can be connected
to whole building.
o The existing factory building was converted into sports complex, which was
situated behind the main building.

Fig 4. factory converted into indoor sports complex.

STAGE : PLANNING

➢ Design concept

o A well modulated environment away from city pollution.

Fig 5. Location of site with respect to the city.

o Main entrance façade is exposed brick work.

o First class bricks used.

Fig 6. view of front.

8
STAGE : PLANNING
a) CONCEPTUALSTAGE

8
➢ Design considerations and restrictions

➢ Floor wise area statement

o Plot area: 2,75,000 sq. ft.
o Total ground coverage: 70,000 sq. ft.

➢ Area detail
o Covered area on ground floor: 70,000 sq. ft. (25.25%)
o Total coverage: 2,10,000 sq. ft.

➢ Heights
o Height restrictions as per the site: 60 ft. (clear height)
o Clear height provided: 42’-10”

➢ Projections
o No projections howsoever have been made that restrict any pedestrian or
vehicular movement.

Sr. no. Particulars Area in sq. feets %age of total

area

1 Ground 70,000 25.45 %

coverage

2 Green area 37,000 13.45 %

3 Total built up area 2,10,000

12
 AREA CALCULATION CASE STUDY-
1LEARNING CASE STUDY-2MUKAT PROPOSED
AREA AS PER PATH SCHOOL INTERNATIONAL AREA PER TOTAL
S.NO. FUNCTION NO. OF ROOMSLIBRARY STUDY 2.83acres SCHOOL 6.3acres UNIT AREA
RECEPTION AND 1m.sq per
1 WAITING 1 person 30m.sq 30m.sq 108m.sq 108m.sq
2 GENERAL OFFICE 1 15-20m2(each) 12m.sq 30m.sq 28m.sq 28m.sq
PRINCIPAL'S
OFFICE WITH
3 TOILET 1 20-25m2 +3.5m221m.sq 22m.sq 39m.sq 39m.sq
VICE PRINCIPAL'S
ROOM WITH
4 TOILET 1 20-25m2 39m.sq 39m.sq
STAFF TOILET
5 WOMEN 3 15m.sq 15m.sq 18m.sq 18m.sq
6 STAFF TOILET MEN 3 15m.sq 15m.sq 18m.sq 18m.sq
7 STATIONARY 1 15.2m.sq 15.2m.sq
8 RECORD ROOM 1 14.4m.sq 14.4m.sq
9 LIBRARY 1 112m2 216m.sq 160m.sq 100.8m.sq 100.8m.sq
INDOOR ACTIVITY
10 ROOM 1 100.8m.sq 100.8m.sq
11 STAFF ROOM 4 80-85m2 76m.sq 40m.sq 28m.sq 28m.sq
ART AND CRAFT
12 ROOM 1 80-85m2 55m.sq 55m.sq
13 MUSIC ROOM 1 60m2 115m.sq 50m.sq 54.24m.sq 54.24m.sq
AUDIO VISUAL
14 ROOM 1 81m.sq 81m.sq
15 COMPUTER ROOM 2 70-75m2 105m.sq 50m.sq 81.12m.sq 162.2m.sq
16 BALANCE ROOM 1 23.13m.sq 23.13m.sq
17 BIOLOGY ROOM 1 54m2 95m.sq 105m.sq 74m.sq 74m.sq
YOGA AND
MEDITATION
18 ROOM 1 48m.sq 48m.sq
19 MEDICAL ROOM 1 20m.sq 20m.sq 18m.sq 18m.sq
20 PHYSICS ROOM 1 54m2 105m.sq 105m.sq 51.09m.sq 51.09m.sq
21 CHEMISTRY ROOM 1 54m2 95m.sq 105m.sq 44.92m.sq 44.92m.sq
JUNIOR INDOOR
22 PLAY AREA 1 81.12m.sq 81.12m.sq
CLASSROOM 1.2-2m2 for
24 NURSERY 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
25 CLASSROOM L.K.G 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
26 CLASSROOM U.K.G 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
27 CLASSROOM 1st 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
28 CLASSROOM 2nd 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
29 CLASSROOM 3rd 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
31 CLASSROOM 4th 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
32 CLASSROOM 5th 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
33 CLASSROOM 6th 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
34 CLASSROOM 7th 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
35 CLASSROOM 8th 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
36 CLASSROOM 9th 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq
1.2-2m2 for
37 CLASSROOM 10th 3 each student 53m.sq 51m.sq 48m.sq 144m.sq