Using the three different sources used to study the topic of FLA namely,

the video By L Fosbender, Brown´s FLA reading (Ch. 2) and Scovel´s

FLA overview, complete the table below with the information requested.

STAGE APPROX. CHARACTERISED BY (Scovel’s)

AGE

It is the vowel-like sound responding to human sounds more

definitely, turns head, eyes seem to search for speaker
Pre-talking (0-6 months) occasionally some chuckling sounds; e.g. producing vowel-like
sounds (especially, the back vowels [u] and [o])in the sounds of
“oh”, “uh”, and “ah”, typical of "cooing".

Consonant-vowel combinations sounds. The sounds which are

produced by infants but not all the speech sounds are same in
Babbling (6-8 months) language of the world such as [ma-ma-ma] or [da-da-da].
stage

Defined holophrastic from holo “complete” or “undivided” plus

phrase “phrase” or “sentence”. children‟s first single word
Holophrast (9-18 months) which represent to a sentence. Children using one word to
ic stage express particular emotional state.

The two- (18-24 Mini sentences with simple semantic relations. Children begin to
word stage months) form actual two-word sentences, Fromkin (1983:329).

The child does not deliberately leave out the non-content

words, as does an adult sending a telegram. When the child
Telegraphi begins to produce utterances that are longer than two words,
 c stage (24-30 these utterances appear to be “sentence-like”; they have
months) hierarchical, constituent structures similar to the syntactic
structures found in the sentences produced by adult grammar.

Later ● Fast increase in vocabulary with many new additions

multiword everyday.
stage (30+months) ● No babbling at all.
● Utterances have communicative intent.

STAGE APPROX. CHARACTERISED BY (Brown´s)

AGE

Babbling (12 Specific attempts to imitate words and speech sounds children
stage months) hear around them. And about this time they utter their first "words."

Telegraphic (18 By about 18 months of age, these words have multiplied

months) considerably and are beginning to appear in two-word and three-
word "sentences".

e.g. all gone milk, bye-bye Daddy, gimme toy.

Multi-word (2 years of Children are comprehending more sophisticated language and

stage age) their production repertoire is mushrooming, even to forming
questions and negatives.
 Nonstop (3 years of Children can comprehend an amazing quantity of linguistic input.
chattering age) Their creativity alone brings smiles to parents and older sibling and
Their speech and comprehension capacity geometrically increases
as they become the generators of incessant conversation.

Sharpening Children internalize increasingly complex structures, expand their

communicat vocabulary, and sharpen communicative skills.
ive skills (4 years old
+) Children not only learn what to say but what not to say.

STAGE APPROX. CHARACTERISED BY (Fosbender)

AGE

Crying (0 - 2 First attempt to communicate certain feelings. (different cries for

months) different situations).
 Cooling (2 months) Around 2 months - Mainly vowel sound.

Babbling (6 months) Is the combination of the consonant and vowels. NOT an imitation
of adult speech.

Single-word (1 year of Speaking one word at a time, somewhat understandable.

stage age)
- Holophrase: saying one word as if it were a whole sentence.
- Overgeneralization: Apply a single word for many different
situations relating each others.

Telegraphic (18 Starts to speak in two-word sentences using the main ideas of the
speech months) sentence the child wants to communicate.

- Fast mapping: Ability to learn a word after hearing it just

once.
- Overregularization: Applying the rules where the rules do not
apply. Example: (Go-Goed) (Breaked instead of Broke)