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"Xshòœ" Øhq Dæh È#Êòu (Øcìúq Ÿùd) ? Z D ¡
"Xshòœ" Øhq Dæh È#Êòu (Øcìúq Ÿùd) ? Z D ¡
z;D ¡
ÖÊòŒ
ÊÖòA špfõÚ ìÂñ; "ØxSHòŒ" ãÞP ÊHq¹ ÃÍÝp wqôg wqÙBÏ ÖÅÖPD¸
Ê19sÔñ z;Á ÖÃq IƒPa ÑÔñSåÔñŒq ØÑ;OZq ÑAÜñR wqÙ [R¼Œ L•
ÁÃÈPÃg Æò™Ùþ ÁÖòAI Ì–`PÍÔñ ÑUÈÃÔñ ÆCØ#jp ÃqÜ ÞÈðHòjq Ê{ÌÁòzp
æSÌÝUfqg zRUÌÚŒq ÌaØ> ØÔqÜôD ÃDwzÌsÏg UIp X&q "ÑÔñQp ÑÅÃÏô ØšÈ#R
F†a ÃrOŒp ßÁH ÑAÜñR " aÁÔñ ØHòÞNgq [t –…g ÁHÙR– ØãáÃñg ÊѼN
ÈR`D¸
ØIƒPa ÑÔñSå [t ܉ ÌU&ÿj¹ ÖÅujp ÑÅÃÏôj ØzRUgp ßqÊD ÑšDÈÔñ
ØÑògØ#è Œq šqfõÚ Ïî ÑÜRÏgp xRh‘zU @Hrg Ñš;ÌÔñ ØÑÏÆñ Ì܉p ÃUãOŒ
ÑqÙ ÑHôOy¹ ÑÔñUgPÁòŒ· ÙÊñap ILP[ Ñ;OZ ÁHUÙÅ– ŒDãÏÈÁñg q• Òh
wqDÏÊÅ ÊÑìqxg ÆÃRÊfD¸ Ê16sÔñ z;Á ÖÃq ØÃÛÃOŒÔñ Ñ•HX C ØxUHq
Ì# R zs ÑÅa [šÅsÔñ ÊÏÊÅÔñ –Pt ÑFà ÑD•Öò “@õÚ Ø14 ‚Ãfg ÔÅPq
ÁÃÒCÒD Rf ØÃÞñg ØçRÌ#•Dp wUåt {ÌÁø{j ÒÁñ H–Ug ØÑògØ#éŒq xRh‘U
ØÑÁôzTqÙRŒ ÂõOŒõÚÔñ ÃqÊÅ HR\U RÌ# ƒ @Hrg ÑUÞ;ÌÔñ ØSHÔñŒq ÃÞòZ
F†bj ØcÌÚ y q {ÌÁòyõÚg ÌaØ> Ãp” šÜs ÁHÅ– ØÇÅÊñg ÆôQ `TyI wqyûq
ÑÜPjq ÊÏÖòA ÑÔp`“j IzqŒg ÁÆCT ‚Ãg ŒAD UgfÃU Ã\ØÌð· aÖñ qaÅgp
FÔg ÃÔñÙÃñI fÆ`D¸
ØÆôHÔñŒq ÈðqÈð IÀñR ØÏÊÅÔñ ÛRÃpõÚÔñ ÑòØ#a Áñ‘D; ÃÁÔñq šÈ#R Ñ;OZ
ÊÞ[CC æSÌÚUfqg ÁHÅ– ÊÑògØ#éŒ ÊÒñD ÁòŒÃj iCD ÆòD `ÈÅÊÔñ @Ta
ÃÄÅg¹ Ø19sÔñ z;Á ÖÃq ØÛRÃqp ÆòõÚq âÅ HOŒJj Áwq–Áò† ØHòÆòq HmÊR
ÌÈ™O ÊÃBq w.Ñ.Ñ ÊØyÌÚg ÔR 1830 ‚.I wÏ TÃñÑôD —`gp zRUÌÚ Œ q Òñ–ÁR
ØÌ`Áñg ÔÙ ÑògØ# é Œ ÚÌÔñ Êg–Q z;Á ÑÜR Ñô–Pg C ÒÙ’†Hj Æ`•òU
Öq ÈRÊõD¸ ÒÖòŒI ÜòÖô ÛIS ÊÌÒff Ø{ÌÁò{jp ØæSÌÝUfqg HòÆòrj
Ì`aÅÔñ¹ ÑDãÔñ ÌRãÔñI ÒÌÆ&ÿÔñ wUCHõÚ Ôñ wUHÑôD åW Ø–aï ܉p Ø[t
–‰ ÌU&ÿj wq–Áò‡j õp ÙCCp šÜs Ãq–Lg •P Ô–ÏÔñ âÅ ÑògØ#éŒ ÖÃip
ÆôP ×q—pÍÔñ ÊÊÈÚ HUÅ’ ÈR`D¸ ÁITÁô ÊÑÞô Ø#ÂqU ¤s ÖÃÏ Ãq–Lg
HòÆòq ÌaØ>Í# wÏ ;C¹ Ø#  q zP;· Ãñ†q“Rp —`g ÑÊWq HõÅp HTãR¹
INq Ò&;Áø ÃŒ†¹ ØÈ `FRq Riqp ØÑÔñTq ßÔñ Hƒq U;Pjq Êwq–Áò†¹
ÊãÅqTp Ê–aï ÔfÙPõÚ lD wqòŒÖñ ÁHÅ– Ê™I Æÿ [UÈTp ÔñgÔf
HÅ•ÍÔñq ØfOz Æq ŒUÅD¸ ØIïõ Ø–aâñ wUHÑôD åW wqÙPÆô ØÏÊÅÔñ
ØUõÚÖRC ãÅqTõÚ ÖRŒ ÃñÖòq“R¹ ØÛRÃpõÚÔñ zP; ØDa ˜Ùs ÁâÅ ÑÊW ÖÃiÔñ
ØUÁC Üñ‡ ÆòŒÙR– ÑÔñT C Û–pÔñ ØÑ&R ÑògØ#éŒõÚ F†a ÒÏÃC ˜Öñp ÊñÏñ •P
ÙIUVfD¸ ØæSÌÝ U fqh " HòÆòrÍ# " wÏ zP;p ÌÒfØ# Í# Á•C ÏÜ ÒÑògØ# é ŒÔñŒq
ÊDš õp ÑTÊò ÃUÁÔñ ŒÁHÈðÅš Ê@Hrg X&q ØHòŒp;Æñgq šCip Þ`a Ø—K
UHôg [UÈT ÒLR ÃÄÅÌ# ÊÖòA ìF; ÜÁëD¸
"xSHòŒ " ÛRÃpõÚÔñ Ø# @q zP; ÁÃÛÃOŒ ÜòÖô ÒãÞÅÔñ " xRHÏòŒ " ŒÞPR UŒHô
ÃÜÐÌ#q· Ø•Ds ÔI ØÔSJs DTq ÊCÌÚq ØÈ#Êò ÿÙD wqòë; ØÃÛÃOŒÔñq @Ta
Ñ;CÈÚ wÆñÔñ PÆñ ÃBÏñ ÜÁëD¸ ÈšÁøI ØÃÑòVq R“g ÃOp ØÔfÙPõÚ ÙR–
ØVWÁò†I ÑUÌHO ØÏÊÅÔñ ‘zÌR lÁô ÿ ÊÛRÃq @IÊñR–p ÊãÅqT \fÔñ
ÑÖ•“h ÊHòUšR ŒÆPßÔñq ÔfÙPõÚ ÙR– ÑÜR Ñš;h w.Ñ.Ñ 1991 ‚I ÆòÞ& È#Êò
ÊÖÃÏ ÔŒÏôp xÏ– Ì–`PõÚ Bpð D ¸ ØæSÌÚUfqg HòÆòrj ÊÑq ÊÒñD ÁxSHòŒ
ØãÞP zDD Ïî Oä#aÁòzÏg¹ ÊÁôC ÊÒñDI ØÑògØ# é Œq `FDp DÈ# q I xRh‘zU
@Hrg ÁHUÁÔš ÌÃtÌÔñp ÑUÊÔñ Ê™I Ò;Ìs ŒCÈð Å š ÖÃi wŒÙÅÜñ ÖÔgR
ØHòŒUÏÖñg âÅ ÑÊW âÅ-xRh‘zU¹ âÅ-ÆôHõÚ ØLÏ DÊñp ›RÏg ÀñÏôf ÊÆÿÔñ ZsD¸
wPTÍÔñq xÅJ aÁÔñ ØHòÞNg Þ`a Ø•C —Äujp Ø`FR H‘ Þ`ÈÚiÍÔñ ÁIq
âÅ - ÕHP [UÈTp ØÑògØ# é Œq šÈ# R F†a Ïî Ãq–Lg ØÑŒÁô XA ÖÃpg fOzp
LD™Ïô wqÙHòzñ¹ ÕHPÔñq HmÊÅÆa ÒÁôC ÑAÜñR wqÙÙ "[t –‰" ÑUÃUÁÔñ
ØHòȈaNgq ØfOz zÁTp aÅ… ÊÆÿÔñ ZsD¸
Ø•C ÏÜ Ò–Pt ÑFà ÔÅP ÊoC ÒÙÊña ILP[ ÒôqŒ bÅp ÒÇÊÁôp ’ñ`
ÇÁ\jp ÒÊôpòR ÊÆñHÁô ÖCq ÏÜ‘j ØÌ`ÅNg ÀñÁÌ# ØbÅpp ÊRÌ# H Ø•C —Kj
ÊÑògØ#éŒ IR šqfõÚ Ò`Áô wUÒ g–Q· ÒÖC wUÒ Êò…J (ÔÁ•( ÅU ÊÌÒff
ÔÅPp †RÿŒ Ø[Ra ÖÃq ÃÞô Ä&Oj ÃBpÍÔñ ÌÇ;› Ï`R wqÙBÏñ ÌÙR—
ØHòÁããÔñ ØÔñXg æSå•q •Á™D¸ šqfõÚÔñ Ï`R ØÑògØ# é Œ F†a ÕHPÔñ·
ÜñPÜôÔñ· @ŒÔñ¹ ÒI`fÔñ¹ ÔCJÔñ¹ •JÔñ¹ wpOŒÔñ· g–QÔñ· ÑÜÔñ· ÔÖÌ. ÊÙÊña¹
ÊIƒPap ÊILP[ ÑògØ#éŒ Ê™I Æÿp ÁIÁI ÃQÌ#q ÊÁñ` Ø•Á ÔPO ›R Ò`Áô
wÆz g–Q ÌÔS ÃŒÖñq¹ ÇõjI AqÏñ Øšqg ÑÜPÍÔñq ÁHUÃÁU Ò1sÔñ z;Á
1
ÖÃq ÛIS ÊÌÒff ØÙÅÜñg ŒCÈð Å Þ g–D ÊÖÃÏ –HõÚ ÑÞô IqDz ÃOÏg
ØÌãáÃÔñq ÌÜÊò ÖÃi wqÊÁ w;Åg ØÔÅJ Þ`a —Äujp Ø`FR H‘ J–ÖòhiÍÔñ
ØÑ;OZ [t܉ ÌU&ÿjp ÌÈPHkÍ# ÒwÏ wq–Áò†¹ Uåt· çRÌ#•D· ãÅqTp
™ÁòŒq •P ÑÃTUÁÔñ ØHòŒÏÊqÊñÊg HÔpÊ’ •Á™D
Ê16sÔñ z;Á ÖÃq ØyhÁòz @Hrg ÌÒf ØÏÊNg ÈÝVj ÊôÌzRUÌÚŒpð Ñqq
HWXŒ wqfÙR– ÊÆHôq IƒPa ÑÔñSå wq[UZÆô ÛÃN¸ Øwq[UZÆôÔñ ÃOj aÖñ
ÈÝVjp ÃÏÒñÆôj ÊòBÏñI ÒÀñÁñI ØfÔÈÔñ ØÛRÃq ÌÔñC“ HRÌÚq ÁñÌR (1483-1546)
ÏÔñ¸ wqÙ ãÅqTp wq–Áò† HƒÒCõÚ Ãq–Lg ŒDÏÊPÍÔñ ÛRÃrj ÊÙÅÆ`ÍÔñ
ØHqÏg ÈÔñUp ÊÌÒÌÁÔñI ØÛRÃq aÂôÅÌsÏg UHôg IzqŒg ÒSHÔñ yhÁòz
ÃOÏg ÌÜqšÁÔñ wPTÍÔñq æSÌÝ U fqg (Protestant Reformation) ØÌ@V q[pÈÝ aÁÔñ
ÆòÆÃñ ÊÑqëN ÁSH cÌÚ y q yhÁòyõÚg @Hrg fHt ÒÏÊNg ÛRÃrj •P Á30
‚Ãfg ØÖÁÈ Ø@Hrg ›RÏg ÑRÜõD¸ ÊÏÜPjq C Ê{ÌÁò{jp æSÌÝUfq ÌaØ>Í#
ÃyÒD ØÏÜÅ ÃÁ{g DØ# Ï g ØÁI¸ ØLD™q XHòŒ wq’ò¸ ØSH yhÁòzp ÌÜq™
æSÌÚUfqhj ØzRUhUq `FR ÊHòÃÁÒg Ê ÃÛÃOŒ ÊÏÈÚÑ Ê325 ‚I¹ Ê 381
Ê\UÞqšqŒ ÔÖÌÅã ØáÙÈÔñq ØwIÏg ÃÄÅg HCgI ÃqãU [ñU ÒÑa ÌCÁ&D
ÌaÁø ØâÙÈÔñq yhÁò{j wqòÀñI ÒÔD ØHòÁÔñq ßIÅÔñ ÒxRh‘zU RÌ#ƒ
@Hrg ÌÁÌõD¸ ØSH yhÁò{j wØNTÁôIq ÒwUCJj Ïî wpÔ™Dq aÁÔñ ØÃUÈD
›RÏg ÖÃi Ê1204 ‚.I ÆòÛIN ØyhÁòyÔñŒq ›ÅuÍ# ÊÃÛÃOŒ ØÔÅNgp ØÖÅþg
ØxRh‘zU õp Ãòp –Oz Ìp•O ØÏÊÅjÔñq Ø\UÞqšqŒq (ÑòUfqÊñD) ÒÌH ÏÊR¸
ØSH yhÁòzp æSÌÝUfqg ØÌÁŒØ#g ÊLD™q Çñzi ÏÔñ¸ ØÆHôq ÑÔñSå ŒDÌÈŒØÞ
qáñF ÑÅÃÏô ÛRÃq ÖRŒj Ê™ÁòŒq [šš ÔÜq ÑÜ…I ÊHòD ÔñUÞ ÔP
ÏÔñ¸ ØæSÌÝUfqg ØÌZÔñJ wq[UZÆô ØÌÛÃÅÔñp ØÌy@ÝÙÔñ ÊÌÁŒØ# ÑÜSjp ÙaSj
ÊÃBÏñ IzqŒg Ñq Ôš TBq wqÙØ ÑÜN ÊaÖñg ØÌÁŒØ ÏÔñ¸ ÁITÁô `aÌÚUg¹
ÁñÌPq¹ æRUÊôgOŒq¹ {q–OXÏòUg¹ Ãrpg ÔÖÌÅã
gDÈ# ØHRÌÚ q ÁñÌR ÃñŒ ÃìÂ; [ñUq ÒSHUš ÔÙ ÛRÃqs Èð q Èð ÃÌR—Ãñ
Ï Ôñ¸ w Æ Ò 1 8 s Ôñ I ƒ Ì ‚ à g à ÅW Å U Ø S H y h Áò z w I Ï g Ì Òf Ø# j
ÊôÌzRUÌÚ Œ pÍÔñ ÒãÈÙjÔñ gRÜñJj ÁôC ÃáÂ; [ñU ååÔñq TŒUã[ñ HqÊa
ÑjÁñI ÏÊR¸
ØÁñ ÌR ÙÈ Ã † ÃñS j oC ØÃ ™ ‚ q ÑÔ™ w qò Áñ Ã ì Â; [ ñUq
wqÙãÁ•ÍÔñ wØÊÅÖñp wØÒÁÆñ ÊÃÌR—I ØÏÆñq ØÊCÏg UHôg ÊØbfÔñ ÁHÆPßg
ÆòZÖÏñ ÔÙ ÑògØ# é ŒI ÆÁZÍÔñ ÑDÈÅI¸ fòŒ! Iš ÁpÌð ÑUÌHÅj wqòÁñ
ØÛRÃqp UõÚq zRUÌÚ Œ q ÌaØ>j Ê16sÔñ z;Á ÖÃq ØÌÅ—Ãñgq ÃáÂ; [ñU
Ášqg ØÑògØ#éÔñŒ xRh‘zTÔñŒq zRÆògŒrj ÁòÆaÒñ w“– Ê™I ÌqÞPRÌõD¸ wqÊÁ
w;Åg ØÃìÂ; [ñU zÁTp aÅ…Ôñq …QI ÊÆòÿÔñ ÌŒÖÔñfD¸ Ê@Hrg UI
–¼gp ›RÏg¹ `OŒ q–¹ ÑåRf ÖÅtÏgp ¼\p ØãáÃñg ØÁôCÔñq wIÏg¹
`FDp fOz ÁHÜñÙ; ØHŒÙRÜñg Ã[ʆʆ Òh ØÁI¸ ØIƒP`ÔñŒq Ø{ÌÁòzp
æSÌÝ U fqg "zRUgp " @Hrg ÊÑÔñSåp ÑHôOy ÊÑÀñÏñ Ô[g ÊÒ;Ìs zUÅg C
ÜsD¸ ÊŒÁÊg ÑÊòŒÌ zRUÌÚŒq ÔÙ ÊôÌ Ã†zRÏgp q– ÊôgÏg ÊÃÁÔš C
pÍÔñ¸ ÁôCÔñ gDÈ# Üñp [Áôg Fîpgq ØHòŒXÅÃñÞñg Ø{ÌÁòzp ØæSÌÝUfqg ÈÝVjI
ÊŒÁÊg ÊÌÁI ÊÑHôOy¹ ÊÑÔñUgPÁòŒq ÑÔñSå Ì•DÞõD¸ wš;h ÁÚ&g
ÑUaÔñp ÌÃtÌÔñ ØÑògØ#éŒq šqfõÚ RÌ#ƒ xRh‘zU ÌõA‘ ÊôÌzRUÌÚŒq ŒTHjp
Ø–aÅ Æ‘HÔñŒq ;p;qhj Ããq¼Œ Ì܉ ÁHÅ– wqÊÙ ÔñW [φυÁñ¸ A
ÖÃi ÊÑògØ# é Œ ai ÑÙÁI¸ fCÈ# q Ø–Oz xRh‘zTÔñŒq ÃÏ{Tg šqfõÚ ÜI
Ñ`hjq wIÏg ÁHUÞ&g ÒMUg ‚Ãg Êÿg ÛIS fC[ ÖÃi ÙÅ–`ÍõD¸ ÊÃU{a¹
ÊÆRÊòŒp ÁôÁøj ILP[ xRh‘zTÔñŒq CI –Dìp & ÔÅP ÊÃÙÅ– C ÏÔñ¸
2
HR\Uq ÌÒgÁø ÑÞô &ÆòD Öq ÈÅʸ ÂÒòI Ït aÁø Á14 ‚Ãfg ŒAD
Ê—qÙR ÒÌH rŸ w“– aÖñ @ag ÑÒHjÌðD¸ ÔñÁø ÑSI æSÌÝ UfqgÏg
ÁÃUÊz ÆòÛIR fUS ÒÑÜR Ì`P¿D¸ ÔÙ ÆñõÒòq HÁg Ø…Qõ ØÆñq ÔÙa
Æò˜† Ì#R{j Á@aÌ# ÆòÁñ ÜÁÔñfD¸ (E.Van Donzel; Foreign Relations of Ethiopia 1642-
1700, ( Holand: 1979), pp.1-2,99)
3
zRUÌÚ Œq @Hrgp ÈTÔñUg ÑqÈðÇõD¸ âÅ šÈ# R šCip ÖÅtÏg ÑÈq[ÏõD·
Ø`OŒ q– DØ# Ì\RÈðO ÃUÁÔñ ÑC†ÏõD¸
" As the Romanist missionary said, " Give us China and Asia is ours;" so may we say, " Give us Gallas
and central Africa is ours" " (ŒÔñ Üì 25)
ØSH {ÌÁòz HòÆòpõÚ "Xqq (ipq) UÞñq wÆòŒ Øs gBpÁj" wqÁÔñ ÀñÁñ
"•Áøjq UÞñq HƒÒCõÚ Ñ;OZ Øs BpD" HÁg iCD¸
Ø#Âq zP; @TÊñq ÆòÈšD·
" In my opinion the great advantage to be derived from the succes of this schem will not be so much in
the aquisitions which commerce may drive from the Red sea and countries on its shores, as in the
extension of European politity and civilization to Arabia, Abessinia, and the whole of South-Eastern
Africa. It will weaken Mohamedanism in the land of its birth, Arabia, and on the African coast; tend to
supress the Arabian slave-trade, and subjugate East African Heathensim by christianity and its
civilisation; and finally open immense and noble regions in Southern Abessinia and among the Gallas
to thousands of European emmigrants when America; Australia and Tasmania cease to attract them."
( ŒÔñ Üì 15)
ŒHRsÔñ gRÜñI¹
<<ÊÏô –Ig ؃[ñ ÃTyg š[I ÊÈ `FR Ri ØHòÜÐ# g q ÑÜSj q–
Ã\™ÞOŒ H–Ðg ai TBq ØÑÔñSèq ØçÁÌÚy ØÊCÏgp LD™Ïô ÊÑÅÊòŒ·
ÊÑÊWp ÃCÔñ ÙÊña ILP[ Ñ;OZ HU&&g ÏÔñ¸AI wUDIpq ÒgÔñD
bfÔñ ÑÅÊòŒp ØÑ;OZ ÞÅ<j ŒzÃõD· ŒÅbjq `OŒ q– ÈÏTD·
ØILP[ Ñ;OZ ÑÅÃÏôÏg ÊzRUgpp LD™ÏôÔñ õ•D· ÒÑÊW ÊUÌÙÊña
Ê• Áø j à yzD ŒÁ Ôñ Ôña U ;P Á XA ÑÔñS èÔñŒq Ä& O j ÑHô Oy¹
ÑÔñUgPÁòŒp fUHÏòŒ TÊòÏfÍÔñ ÆòŒÊZ Æÿ ƒD Ò;fD >>
•Áøjq ÊâÅ - wUCIÏg ÊÈCÁñ ÁÃÃDÃD fUb ØÌëãÔñ XqÜCp ÒqÌ# ÔñÆô
Ù–J wqòA ÌaCûD¸
"The Gallas living South of Shoa appeared to be numerous, virile people, capable of resisting
Muslims onslaughts. They are relatively unaffected by any false religious principles. In a word, they
could become the " Germans" of Africa. " (ŒÔñ Üì 13 ÖÊòŒ )
`HRs ÆòÌÅ—I·
<<ÒÇõ ÊUÌÙÊña ØHòrNg •Áøj a…g ŒCÍÔñ ÃUCD· ØUCJjq ØÃU&&g ÔÅP
ÁòÃzÌ# ØHòjÁñ aRÌ# F†a pÍÔñ¸
`¼R Ñ``D ØÑ;OZ ÛRÃrj ÁòBÏñ jCÁñ¸>>
4
ØÔÅJ Þ`a —Äuj âÅ - ÑògØ# é Œ šõg Hf –Ig õp Iqœ A ‚ÏÌ# ‘Sq
ÆòDCûg ÊüŒs ™Cûg ØHòÁñg ÏÔñ¸ ÛRÃrj wqyûq ÒšÈ# R ÔÜq ÁòBÏñ ÈRh
ØÔñSå UCd ÖRŒ JU{bjq¹ çCq‘jq¹ ÆRbjq¹ ÔÖÌÅã ÆÔñ ÑÙÁñI aÁÔñ
DÈ#qI ŒÔñSå ÑÀñòjqp “æÆòjq ÁÌÔñ Ã;ÛfÍÔñ ÑÖÏ•I¸
ÒxRHÏòŒ ÔÙ "xSHòŒ"
Ø#Âq zP; ÒÑògØ#éŒ ÒÌ`ÅÅ ÊlC `ÈpÊÅÔñ FÌf •Áøj "xRHÏòŒ" ÌaÁÔñ wqòÞN
ÆòŒÈRa·
" The name "Gallas" in their own language means immigrants, and has been given them by Arabs and
Abessinians. They call themselves "orma " or "oroma" strong or brave men and their language they call " Afan
orma," the mouth of the Ormas; so as the Gallas have no general name to indicate their nationality or its seat, I
propose to include under the desigination of "Ormania" (ŒÔñ Üì 73 )
gRÜñÃñ¹
" •Áøj " ØÌ`ÁÔñ ZD ÊPTÍÔñ Èð q Èð gRÜñÃñ UÙÌs HÁg ÆòBq ÊÑÅbjp ÑÊYj
ØÌÆ™ÍÔñ ÏÔñ¸ wPTÍÔñq " xRH " ÔI " xSH " gRÜñÃñI —ʆ Æj ÆòBq
ÈðqÈðÍÔñqI "Ñã xRH" ØxRHj DTq ÁñfD¸ •Áøj ÁPTÍÔñp ÁHòrNÊg ÑÞZC
ÃÞOŒ UÁÁôCÍÔñ "xRHÏòŒ" ÌaÁÔñ wqòÞN @Ta ÑÈR`ÁÀñ¸
Àñqp Ø•Ds ÈðqÈð Áò[ ØÏÊNg ÁôCÔñ ÛRÃpõÚ yRD Ì#gÇz ØzP;q @Ta ÊÃZÔI¹
ÑÅbjp ÑÊYj •C ØÌ`ÁÔñq ZD ã™O wqDBÏñ· ÒPÆñ Ò•Ds DTq ØÔ™ ÃBÏñq
Æò–Dáñ¹
" The Gallas recived their names from their own language and not from Abyessinians as most
outhers supposed. The word is derived from the verb gala, to go home, to seek onès home
and is to be brought in connection within the historical fact that the Gallas; driven by some
cause or other from their homes in 1735 rushed in torrents towards Abyssinia and made this
country their home." ( Karl Tuschek: Lexicon der Galla Sprache, (München:1844) P.XX)
gRÜñÃñ·
•Áøj UHÍÔñq ŒÜÐ#g ÒPTÍÔñ ÈðqÈð ÏÔñ wq“ aÖñj wqÙ ÜÃÌ#g ÒÑÊYj
ÑÙÁI¸ ZÁñ ØÔ™Ôñ ÜC ÒÌ`ÁÔñ –U ÏÔñ¸ gRÜñÃñI ÔÙ Êôg Ã@ݹ Ö`g Êôgq
ÃãÁ– ÆòBq .AI ÒfOyõÚÔñ Â[ HÁg •Áøj ÒÃrOŒ ÊôfÍÔñ Ò1735 ‚.I Êÿg
ÊBÏ IzqŒg Ì`ÅÔñ ÔÙ ÑÊW ÑÜR wqÙ —R; ÜaÌÔñ ÃrOŒ ÑÜPjÔñ HÅ•ÍÔñ
ÏÔñ¸
ÊÖòŒÏñ Ô[g ØzP;q xRHÏòŒ ;DÆH ÊÃZÔI ÊÙÊñap ÃED ÑÜR \ÌÔñ
ØÌÃÁÆñg Ø“x–Pÿ `ÁÃñŒ ‘zÌR iRDU ÌÝ. Êòz ØÌ`Áñg ÊHòŒÖòŒ 25 Èq 1845
‚,I ÁøqÙq C ÊÌÙÅÜÔñ ØãCU<j Üñ`Ñô C
" on the countries south of Abyssinia...." (ÒÑÊW ÊUÌÙÊña ÆÁHòÜÐ# ÑÜSj...)
5
ØILP[ Ñ;OZ ÏÜ‘jI ÊÌÁI ØõUõ@ÚÁò Öôp ÃõƒD Òòfa ÑD …q“ ( Kitab
al-zanuj Æÿ fOz `Åas ØÌëãÔñ •Cq •C aÁø ÊÏñ ÈU ÜòCq ÒHò`D ÏÜ
ØÔÞñ ÑÅÃÏôj ØHòÜÁñgq ÆÔñ È#C ÆCÊòj ÃBpÍÔñ ÌÜDëûD ( Reinhardt
Klein- Arendt: Undn die Araber bauten Mogadisho.. ( Marburg 2004) , pp 26 -42)
fòŒ xÏ–p È™OÍ# ÑÊW ÕHPj •C aÁÔñ UI ÑÔÞñDq wŒÁñ ÊÔñXg
ȈaPÁñ¸ wPTÍÔñ ÊPTÍÔñ ØHòÆÞñgq ØZÁñq gRÜñI ÈšÁø wqÃDÒÌÔñ¸
"Galla-uncultured " (http://www.oromoliberationfront.org/hist)
"The term Galla is loaded with negative conotation." (M. Hassen, the Oromo of Ethiopia: History
1570-1860, (Cambridge:1990) , P. Xi)
ʆ[ÌtÏg UHôg ‚Ï FÁòpÍÔñ fÔñS HqÏfjÔñq Ç;ÞõD¸ ÁÖÅs Ͻj
Ñßa¼ŒÊòÏg ÑÅõD¸ ØÑògØ#éŒq HmÊÅÆa ÊÌÁI ØÇõq Ï`R F†a fOzp
UI ÊHš&gp ÊÃÔqÛD ÑòU fOz ÁÃë; wPTÍÔñq xÅJ aÁÔñ ØHòÞNg
šÈÚg " IÀñSj " âÅ - ÑògØ#éŒ gRÒò IRÒò aa…g ÑÞp[ÅõD¸ Ø•C ÏÜ
ÑògØ#é Œq ÔS ÑDÄãÅI¸ ‚ÁI ÆòãÞR ØÏÊÅ Ï`R ÏõO ÏÔñ wŒÁñ ÌÅg
ÌÅg ÌRyÁñ¸ Ê "ÑÊòÆòÏòŒqU" ÒÃh ‚Ãfg Êÿg [t –…g ÒÃBÏñ Êÿg "Ïî
ØÜ ôJzPÆòŒõÚ OåaÁòz " wqÙÏÊÅ xÏ–p aÞôÍ# Ø—šp Ø—K ÞÊahj
ÑòU ØÔÅJ fOz ÊÃãDÆ; C ÜsÁñ¸
šqfõÚ fOzp LD™Ïô ØÁYÍ# ØÆHôq IƒPa ÑÔñSå Ø19sÔñ z;Á ÖÃq
Ö–h ÙÅX J–ÖòhiÍÔñ ØÑOŒq ÖRŒ ÌaØ> ÖÅuj ÀñÁñ Ê—K špg `ÁÃñŒÏg
y` ÌÇ&;ÏÔñ ÊÑÔñSå LR ØÆÙÙÔñq âÅ ÆôHÔŒq [UÈT ÁxÏ–p aÞôÍ#
ÑÜR ÊÈD IDID ŒUzpÁñ¸ wPTÍÔñq ÊPTÍÔñ IƒP`ÔñŒq ÊHòD UŒHô
Øϼ ÖRŒ ØÑÄD™tÏg ÌDw{p ØÊCÏg UHôg Œp;TÁñ¸ ØÑ;OZqp ØwÆòŒq
F†a ÊÒ&;ÁA –… UDg XqXÏÔñ šÜs ØHUÙÅ– ‚CHÍÔñ wqÆpÒD
ÊUÔñRp Ê–Dì ØHòŒÙRÜñg UDg ÏÔñ¸ ØÏ WƒÊòŒp xÏ– ÔÒòÁøjp Ñã
ÈCÞòj BÏÔñ ØãÞNgq ØÔñÇg fOzp ŒÊW F†a ØšCi ÃR…ÍÔñq
ÊÌÈq`ÊÅ UDg ÆòÏÖñ \ÌõD· …QI Ï…Áñ¸
ÁÖòAI ‚ÏÌs ITÁôj H[Åa ÊòŒUãD– wqÙ BD{Ia p ÆòT /
ØÑògØ#éŒ
Ñã™ÞR (The invetion of Ethiopia, 1990) ¹ ”q VÅqÆq ØÑògØ# éŒ [Ráf / Imaging
Ethiopia, 1993 / ¹ Ø™ÁòŒpõÚÔñ ÑÁôzTqS jNÁò¹ Øwq–ÁòÖñ `U `zUÌR· OiR
–OqÿD· Øwq–Áò†p –Oy ÃÞôZÔñ ”q HRyÒòU· ÔÖÌÅã ÀñÁñ Ñ;ZO
&XXgp pÖòj¹ Ê—K špgp fOz X&q a[ Ò&& âÅ šÈ# R ÑT`ÍÔq
Á[šÅs Ïî ÑÔñ –q`R ÌaØ>Í# ÁÏ WƒÊòŒ¹ xÏ–· gFÏ– ÔÖÌÅã J–Öòg
BÏÔñ ÆòŒp;Æñ \ÌõD¸
ÁITÁô ÖÃpõÚ Ô q ØÔÅJ IÀñR ‘zÌR ÃÂà ÂUq Êwq–ÁòÖñ âÅ ÑÊW
–OqÿD ÌÃDIÁø ‘zÌR ÁÃ`D ŒÞpÈÅÔñq ÂÌf The Oromo of Ethiopia: A
History 1570-1860, (Cambridge: 1990) ÊÌÆÐ RƒU ØÌëãÔq âÅ ÑògØ# éŒ †`†qÒò
wqòÀñI Ò–OqÿD •P Ì`aS (Interpretation of Oromo Nationalism, In Horn of Africa
vol.3 No. 1980 ) ÚÈU iCD¸ wqÙ ÑÆ& ÛÁf· ÑÊòØ# ÜÁf¹ ÃÒñOŒ ÊñDi
ÔÖÌÅã ØÃTÆÁñg ÑòU Ø•C ØãÞP ÌIÏôfõÚ fOz· `FDp @Hrg
ãDUÃÔñ Œp&Áñ¸ (Http://www.oromia.com/ Articles/ Ethiopian-System-of-domination.html
,Nov.2000)
ÃÂà ÂÆq Ê‘zÌR Ã`Œ ÂÌf C ÊÒÿD ai Ø•Áøjq ;DÆg ÑIr ØÁñ`
ÔPO ›R цHkjq wÏ ÃD`A (1522-1530)· Ãñp (1530-1538)· ÒòÁøÁô (1538-
1546)¹ ÔÖÌÅã. ÊÙã™ ÔñÜòŒ ØÑògØ#éŒq ÑÞô Ãq–Lg –…g ÊÛ–qÏg
wqÙÔÅN ÜÁ ÔñÆô Æòì;CÍÔñ¹ ØÑògØ#éŒ ÑÞôjq ØÃÒCÒD ›RÏg wŒšCC¹
ØâÅ ÑògØ#éŒ ÜôhÍ# p J–ÖòhÍ# ÖÔgR HÏaÏaq HÁgI "Ø`OŒ ÑÙqp ;qÜC
ÑUÃUÁø" ì&ðD¸
ØHòŒUÜRÃÔñ ÏÜR Ê•C ÔÅP Ô[g Ø‚q IUzR BÏÔñ RÜòÌ#q ØÃÖÜÊñgq·
Ò•J F†a ÌÔC“ ØÏÊNg ÒgÔD ÑÜPjÔñ ÒšqfõÚ •J ÑÔñP’ Ê•C
Áñ`j ÔÅPp †RÿŒ ØÌ`ÅNgq Ñ` `FR‹q wqyûq TÈR ÌZÔHûD (ÊÜì
1 ÃDÒÌðD) ¸ Ñ` `FR ÖôpÀñ Á•C ÊHòD RƒU Ê–w† ÈðqÈð Ê1585 ‚.I
Ò;Ìs ØfOz ÆÏ Ã†–ÊÔñ Ñ\ÌÔñpD¸ ÁIq ÑÜPjq ÔÙÃj ? aÁø
ÊÃÞØ[ Ñ` `FR ŒÈÅÊñg Æÿ HmÊÅÆ`õÚ gqfÏô ;áñI ÔÙR ÑÜtÁgI¸
ÊÁôC ÊÒñD Ù–J ÒÃÅÈ# ÑÔÞñDt ÒL•Ô ›Ãs Ït wqòÁñ Ø•C Þ`bjp
Ø—K Ïî ÑÔñ¼ Ïq `Ø#j ÀñÁñ ÆÁ•C ÏÜ ÊÑ` `FRp ÁôÁøj ÑògØ#éŒÔŒq
ØÌëãÔq ÃDyI ÏÜR ai ÖÔgR ÚÈU ÆòÔñ ÊÑqëN UÁ ØÁñ` ØØUIqg
‚Ãg Ê—ÅÊôg ÑÜR F†a C ØÙã™ ›R ÔÅPp È#C \P¼Ïg¹ ßyt
ÑÅÃÏôÏg wqfÔ[ ÊÃÃÐg "ŒÊòÆòÏòŒqU ÙaÌSjq fOz áÂÿÏg ÑqÈÊDI"
6
wŒÁñ ØxÏ– yQj ÊñP ÒÅØ# CÁñ¸ ãÅq“ ÑICyÍÔñ ai ØHòCÍÔñq
ÆIÌÔñ wqÙ ÊÈÈq Ì–ÌÔñ ŒUÌ•`Áñ¸ ÏÜR –q ÒÑÊWj ÁôC ŒÔñI
Ê[RÊñ ŒÔñSåp wÆòŒ UÁ •C Áñ` ÆCÊòÏg Øëþgq ÈšÁø ŒÜÏÖ`ûD¸
<< The gada System of the Boran provided the rule that each new set initiated into the raaba grade
had to go on a rituasl war expidation to procure livestock and the cut off genetials of a male strangers
as trophies. As these initiations took place every eight years, the neighbours of the Boran were
subjected to a reign of periodic terror. >> (Eisei Kurimoto, Simon Simones: Conflict, Age & power in
North East Africa 1998, p128)
AH IÏI ÑòU –tg TBq ŠP¿jqq w“– Ê™I ŒÆÁÍÔñ ÖÅs Ͻj
ØšÈ#R F†a ÔÜqq ÀñÁñ Ê‚ÁI ÖñOŒ ÊaÍsÌ# Ïî ØšÈ#R F†a Ãq–Lgp
ITÁôÏg wq{Np âÅ [t –…g g–CÍÔñq Ñ•R ÁHT™g ŒÈpÊNg UaÒg
ÏÔ¸ ÃEÃ ÂÆq ØÇãÞÔñ ØRÆñ ÔÜrj ØÂÅRÜô \Ì#j Dz wqÙ ÆñHÁôj
ÑÅa Ïq ØÑÅa ÖRŒj ØÏÊòØ# ÖÑj Ïq wq“ ÃÍÝ š[R Ñ;OyÔñŒq CÁñ¸
Ñy @ÊRCq `ÙÅÜÔñ ØÃUz špg \Ì# j wRTÍÔñq wUCH wq’ò xSJ
ÌaÁø ÃÞPgq Ê;áñI ÑãDÜñI¸ xSJ HÁg ÑÅÃÏôÏg ÑwõHòÏg
ÆÁHòÃUCÍÔñ ÏÔñ ÊHÁg ÜDífD¸ ÃÂÃ ÂÆqI BÏ aÞôÍ# ØÑÅas UI
ØÔÅÆñg ÑÅa Ïq ÔI wqÀñq aÁøÔñ ÏÔñ¸ Ø•C D@Ú Z q Ò&XUhjp ÒâÅ
šÈ#R ÖÅuj ØÆÃñgq HUÌ•`g †Z¼Ïg ÏÔñ¸ ÑògØ#éŒ Ê‚Á C ÊÍs Ïî
ØšÈ#R F†a ÑÜR ÊÃB pð ÑÙÁI wqô šÈ#R ÑHôOyÔñŒq ÊÏòØ#Rz¹
ÊÿCÙDÿŒ¹ ÔÖÌÅã ÆCHõÚ ÆD; ÔšÌÔñ ØÑÅÃÏô &XUg ™ÁòŒqq ÔÅP
ØÌZÔÃñg· šÈÚ h jI ÊÈšf ÔÙ ÑògØ# é Œ ÚÌÔñ Ê›R –q`R ÌÆDãÔñ
ØÌõÜñg ? wÏ ÒõHò qzNH· ”J ÒôÏòŒf· ÑòÖòzõÝ· HR\U •RËô ÔÖÌÅã
ÑògØ#éŒq ÊÃÙÜ; ÆòqÈTÈÆñ ØÏÊNg? wqyûq šÈ#Sj Ê‚ÁI ÖñOŒ [Rp ÈØ#j¹
aŒjp ϽjI ¼IR ÑògØ#éŒq ÊÃRg Ì`aÅõD¸
ØÂÅRÜô \Ì# ÃEà ÂÆqq ŒÊW šCi ŒUyÏÔñ OiR –OqÿD ÏÔñ¸ }
ÆÔñp ”q HRyÒòU ØÌ`ÁÔñ ÈlL Ø# q dRUÌÚ ÑUÌHO Ïq aÁÔñ ÌHOjq
ÊâÅ ÑògéŒ [UÈT ÆòÙÅP’ñ Ì•DÞÔñ ÒÌ`ÅN ÊoC ÑqôØ> Æñq ÁôC ÜòÖô
ÆñHÁòŒ· ÒôÏòŒ· pÛOŒ ÔÖÌÅã ÃXÜÔñ ÖÔgR âÅ ÑògØ#éŒ ÖÃi ÑRÜõD¸
–OqÿD TJg ØÑôRgP ÃÜqÞD ÌTzhÁg ÑUÃP S› Üah Ò\Ø> ÊoC
aq aCûD¸ HRyÒòU –q ÑògØ# é Œ ai TgBq ÃCÔñ šÈ# R Ñ;OZ Ê—K
ÌÇqXr Ãq–Lg wqòÃÄÅg C fj ŒzPD¸ ÑÀñq ÙqÊsÏÌ#q ÒxÏ–·
ÒgFÏ–p ÌÁ™ÿ Ñ•SÍ# •P HÅÜñ fÔñÈðD¸
7
ÃÍI ãÅq”j Ê“IC õYjp ÖÅuj¹ ѼÊR`Op ÜñÅuj ÑÙÁñI¸ wqÙ @ÝqO
VDgp ”q ÒIôq ØÃTÆÁñgq ÂÈuÍ# ÊgzzD ŒØ#gqp ØÆÃñgq Æ–ÊõD¸
Ê19sÔñ IƒÌ ‚Ãg ÃÛÃOŒ ÜÙH @Ý q O VDg ØÌ`Áñg ÑògØ#éŒq —atÌÔñ
UÁ`OŒ q– ÀñÏôf ÈšÁø ŒÁÔñq Æ–ÊõD¸
The situation of slaves is rather honourabel than disgraceful and the difference between their state and
that of western slaves is strictly apparent. They have no long voyage to make, no violent change of
habits to undergo, no outdoor labour to perform, no white mans scorn to endure, but on the contrary
are frequenly adopted like children into the family. (Salt, 1814 p.382)
`HRs ÆòÃDU¹
ÈÙI ÆòD ”q {Iôq ØÌ`Áñg " Abyssinia and its people "
(ÏñS ÊÈÝU Ø#ÂqU ÑÜR) w.Ñ.Ñ Ê1868 ‚.I ÊÁqÙq ÒÌH `TÌÃñg ÃëÂ&ÍÔ Üì
194 C ØHòÒÌÁÔñq ÑU;ÅõD¸
" The slave trade is carried on by the Mohamedans alone. Chrstians buy for domestic purpose, but are
not permitted to sell, and the penality of death by hanging is affixed to the act of selling a christian
child. The Gallas are solled by their despotic kings in the territories of Enarea and Djimma."
`HRs ÆòÃÁU¹
"Ø`OŒ q– ØHòÒpÔÏÔñ ÊwUCJj ÏÔñ¸ zRUÌÚ Œrj ÁÊôg ÑÜD–Áøg ØÜ…Áñ
ÁÃÇš –q ÑãÈCÍÔñI¸ ØzRUÌÚ Œq D“ ØÇÞ [™Ì# U[Cg ÏÔñ¸ •Áøj
ØHòÇÞñg ÊãC¼ \P¼ qÜñKÍÔñ Ê“Hp wpOŒ –…g ÏÔñ¸
" The southern most provinces of Galla, Enarea, Djimma, Goma and others are governed
despotically by their several chiefs and supply by arbitrary coercion slaves for the Turkish market . "
gRÜñÃñ¹
" ÊÙÊña R Ø•C z;Á ÑÜSj wqÙ wpOŒ¹ “H¹ —Hp ÁôÁøÍ# I
ØHò–Öñg ÊãC¼ \P¼ Ñ`\SiÍ ÆòBq wŒUÜÙñI ÁÌ# R z Ø`OŒ Ü`Œ
Ñ[PÊòj pÍÔñ¸ "
8
{Iôq ÖÜ`ÍÔñq ÈšÁÔñ ÊÜì 201 C ØÄãÅÔñ¹
" The Gallas of a district named Follo pay a heavy tax to the king of Djimma, for the
permission to purchase boys and prepare them as eunuchs for the Turkish harmes."
`HRs¹
" Ê<Áô ÔÅ ØHòrNg •Áøj Ôq D”jq wØÆÁÊñ HÁg ÛqÙÅ` wŒÙÅÜñ
ÁÌ#Rz ÜÊŒ ÁH[Åa ãZ ÁH–Ðg Á“HÔñ qÜñL Ò` –aR Ò;CÁñ¸ "
ÊÙÊñap ILP[ ÑògØ#éŒ Ò…Q Ãh ó@IT ‚Ãg Êÿg ØÏÊÅÔñq w“– Ê™I
Ö–pt ÀñÏôf Ò; aÁø ÂÈuÍ# ØÃÖÜÊñgq UpÜp†a· …Q Ñqq –ÁÆbjp "Ø—K
Ïî ÑÔñ¼ –q`R" Ïq`Ø#jq âÅ ÕHP ÃȈÊRq ÒLR ÃÄÅÌ# ÁH•Áš wqB
ŒÁIqI Áñtf ÂÈ#q ÁHÔ[ ƒD CDÜÞHÍÔñ ÔÜrijq ÁHTÔ[ ÃqãTjq
ÊÒ;Ìs g•g ÏTTD¸
ØÇõÔñ ÕHPÔñ ÑÞô IÏòDz " ÃQfjqq ÈHq¹ ØÜ `FCjqq ÑÞ&aq¹ "
ôJzPÆòŒõÚ Ôñ ØÜ LR‚g" wÜÌ# ÌßpÜãaq¹ ØÏ;Þuj " `OŒ " ÌÙÅ–q
ÔÖÌÅã. wŒÁ ÊQÔñ CI ÔÁÙ ÌÅg ÌÅg xÏ– ÌaØ>Ôñ ÑÅÃÏô ÔqÛÁs
Êñq ØÔñÇg wIÊòDfÔñq Ï&D¸ ÊâÅ ÕHP ÖÃi aÖñlqq ÊÑVT¹ ÊÊÙr¹
ÊÑR`ÜñÜñ ß;¼<õD· Ñãp[CûD¸ ÊšÈ# R F†a ÞChjp ÊâÅ - ÑògØ# é ŒõÚ Ï g
UaÒgp [UÈT Ì–ÌÔñp ÌzÏÔñ Cp fj ØHòÁñ [šÅuj ÑÙa wqòÜÖñ
wpUÞÏ[ZÁq¸ ÔÙ FÁòpÍÔñ ÌÃDÆÔñ HUÌõD jÁñ Öq ÂÈ# ÒÁ ʆR†R
ÈRbCÍõD¸ ÕHPÔñ HmÊÅÆa wPÆñq ÁÃÒCÒD ØÌZ™Êgq šZg Ãzh šChÍ#q
`[ ÁÃIfg Ñ[Ip aZg ÑÁÔñ¸ A ÁòfÔ[ Ü`D¸
Ø`OŒ LR‚g ÊÑògØ# é Œ ai TBq ÊÁôCÔñ ‚ÁI wqÙÏÊÅÔñ ÀñÁñ
ÒÑzÆñI Ãq–Lg ÖÃq ÊÿgI BÏ oC ÏÊR¸ ÊÃyÒÁsÔñ ÖÃq DÈ# q I
ÊÙÊña¹ ÊÃEDp ILP[ ÑògØ# éŒ z;Á ÀÜPg Ê&g¹ Ê@Œ¹ Ê`Áô¹ ÊÖC¹
ÊÑD¹ ÊÙõS (ÂÅRÜô) ÔÖÌ wUCHõÚ ÄñD™pg wqòÀñI ÊÑwHõÚÍ# Ø“q’S¹
ØÆñ•J¹ ØJg¹ Ø—q• ÔÖÌ. HmÊÅÆa `OŒ ãq•Ø# j ÏÊN¸ AqqI ÀñÏôf
fõÈÚ ØÑÅa Ø“x–Pÿp ØfOz ÁòZÔñqg wÏ wOU ÑòÊq ÀÒñD¹ HÆñò¹ ÑòÊq
`Ì#f¹ H[O† ÔÖÌ. ÊÆÿÔñ Æ–ÊÔñfD¸ ÊÌÁI xDHO (Ê1335‚.I) ¹ H[O†
(Ê1430‚.I) ØÃyÒÁsÔñ ÖÃq ØÑògØ#éŒ wUCHõÚ –…hjq HÁg Ø@Œq¹ ØÙõSq¹
ØÑP`ÊòÏò¹ Ø&g¹ ØXRy¹ ØÑD ÖCq ÑUÃDzÌÔñ ÊÌÁ Ù–J Ê@Œ ÄñD™q
aÖñ `Sj ÒØbfÔñ wqÙHòÔÆñp ÛqÙÅ` ÌÙRÜÔñ ÊÖC ÔÙa ÊÒñD ÁÑÅa
ÜÊŒ DÒñ wqÙÏÊÅ ÌÆ–`ûD¸ ÔÇÁñ ÒÌ`Á bf wØÌÆÁÊñ ÁÜÊŒ ÈRÊñ
wqÙÏÊÅ ÊÛRÃqs ØÌÙÅÜÔñq špg ŒÜp†`ûD¹
Nach Hadija stroemen sehr viele Sklaven und Eunuch zusammen. Verschnitten wurden aber in der
Stadt Washellu gemacht, da dies in Abeessinien verboten sei, und Washelu die einzige Stadt sei, wo
dies geschehen duerfe. (P.Paulischke Adal-Laender 1884 Leipzig, p.17) `HRs¹
9
âÅ-ÕHP ÊÌÁI âÅ-IqDz ÔQp ÑÁñ`Df wØbÌÁÒñ ÊñP ÒÅØ# HÁg Iq
ÁñfD!
10
ÊÖÃÏ ÔŒÏô ÑòFÑô– ÊÀñÁñI ÒÌHj ÁITÁô ÊÂÅR¹ ÊQÙõ¹ Ê““•¹ Ê—`¹
Êp†Qg¹ ÊÑÆC ÔÖÌÅã. ÕHPÔñ ÔÜq `wp ÀñÁÌs Öô• ÌÙR— ÁÑåRf
Ø—K çÁÌÚy ‚ÚCH ÌR˜D¸
ÊÕHP zDD ÌaØ>Ôñ È#šR 3 ÔñUš ØHòrNg —Tj DØ# ‡q ÆòrPÍÔñ aÖñlq
ŒHP ÌÔC”j –q Êp†Qg¹ ÊÂÅR¹ ÊÑNÆñ¹ ÊÙÊña¹ ÊIƒPa¹ ÔÖÌÅã ‡q
ØCÍÔñI¸
ÈšCD..............................................................................
11