United Nations


 
 

Cultural Organization

BRAIN GAIN INITIATIVE

Linking African and Arab Region
universities to global knowledge
BRAIN GAIN INITIATIVE
Linking African and Arab Region
universities to global knowledge
Published by the United Nations Educational,

   
 


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Contents
1 – INTRODUCTION ................................................ 5
Science, a team sport .......................................... 8

2 – MOBILIZING THE DIASPORA ............................... 13

E-science in Senegal ........................................... 16
NSUKKA – the Lion Grid ........................................ 16
Tackling e-waste in Kenya .................................... 17
Morocco – strengthening regional ties,
building a sustainable e-infrastructure .................. 18
Grid computing for Cheminformatics in Kuwait
and a South-South proposal from Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
E-Flora in Lebanon .............................................. 20
Uganda – IT at the service of communities ............ 21
Coping with climate change, pollution
and power failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3 – BUILDING A LIFELINE FOR TALENT ........................ 23

Lessons learned .................................................. 26
Gaining momentum ........................................... 27
" INTRODUCTION
The UNESCO-HP Brain Gain Initiative links
19 higher education and research institutions
from Africa and the Arab States
Introduction
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GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING
A grid is a collection of computers and storage linked by the Internet, together with software
(“middleware”), that coordinates access to and use of the grid. The computers are usually owned
by universities or research laboratories, and are often distributed over several cities, countries or even
continents. A grid represents a shared computing facility, typically used by groups of researchers
pursuing a common goal. Since such researchers may be broadly geographically distributed, this
group is referred to as a “virtual organization”, and grid middleware contains tools to support the work
of virtual organizations. Qualified researchers are not charged to use a grid. An important example is
high energy physicists working with data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

A cloud is also a collection of computers and storage, very often in a centralized, large data center,
and typically owned by a commercial entity. The company offers storage or computing services for a
fee to any user willing to contract for the services. Access to these services is over the Internet. The user
alone is responsible for the software and data that run on the computers and storage contracted.
A good example would be the EC2 cloud operated by Amazon.

LOOKING FORWARD
Education and research rely increasingly on electronic infrastructures (e-infrastructures) in order to
enable the acquisition and transfer of knowledge necessary for a productive economy. The existence
of multifaceted communities of teachers and researchers with diverse needs requires a diverse set of
infrastructures, services and tools rather than a single integrated e-infrastructure.

Experience in Europe over the past decade has led to proposals for hybrid e-infrastructure models
incorporating publicly-funded infrastructures (e.g. high-performance networks and grids) that
interoperate with commercial services (e.g. clouds).

Details and references for further reading can be found in the European e-Infrastructure Reflection
Group White Paper 2013,1 in “Implementation of a European e-Infrastructure for the 21st Century”,2 and
in the SIENA Roadmap on Distributed Computing Infrastructure for e-Science and Beyond in Europe.3

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INSTITUTION / BURKINA BURKINA CAMEROON CAMEROON CÔTE ETHIOPIA GHANA KENYA
APPLICATION DOMAINS FASO FASO DOUALA YAOUNDÉ I D’IVOIRE MEKELLE KNUST MMUST
LANIBIO LTIC F-H-BOIGNY

Geosciences,
hydrology, energy

Cultural, sociological,



GIS, semantic layers

Environmental studies, air

and water pollution
monitoring and warning,
management, remediation

Regional climate modelling

and adaptation

Biological and health

  
 
  

 



cloud computing, e-learning,
  
migration

Basic Sciences (maths, physics,

 

Parallel computing,
programming, architecture,
algorithms

Image processing

Nanotechnology

E-waste management

Outreach
 KENYA KUWAIT LEBANON MOROCCO NIGERIA SENEGAL SENEGAL TUNISIA UGANDA UGANDA ZIMBABWE
NAIROBI UNIVERSITY SAINT- CNRST NSUKKA UCAD GASTON ENSI MAKERERE MBARARA CHINHOYI
JOSEPH BERGER
2 MOBILIZING THE DIASPORA
Mobilizing the Diaspora
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3
The Brain Gain Initiative has (C/ < 
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played a part in addressing not
only the creation, but also the
sustainability of e-science initiatives. The UNESCO-HP Brain Gain
One of the biggest steps was Initiative left visible traces
the creation of the Africa-Arabia in the region, being a
Regional Operations Centre, huge contribution to the
supported also by the EC through recent achievements of the
three FP7 projects (CHAIN, CHAIN- infrastructure development.
REDS and eI4Africa) [...]. It’s no
exaggeration to claim that without UbuntuNet, together with
the strong base and stimulation NGIs as well as support of the
to collaborate generated by the local governments should
BGI, this would likely not have been look for participation in similar
achieved. programmes, as well as lobby for
4
setting up further ones.
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27
 BRAIN GAIN INITIATIVE

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6
Linking African and Arab Region universities
to global knowledge

Founded upon concurrent trends – the mobility of the highly-skilled and

the increased internationalization of higher education and research – the
UNESCO-HP Brain Gain Initiative builds on emerging tools to help create
the regional e-infrastructure for education and research.

Nineteen higher education and research institutions from Africa and the
Arab Region partnered with UNESCO and HP to document the potential of
grid and cloud computing as drivers for advancing knowledge necessary
for a productive economy.

Some had to overcome considerable challenges in this ambitious

enterprise. Their work – individually and as a group – has left visible traces
in the region and represents a strong incentive to seize the momentum
and drive the Initiative forward.

Secretariat Visit our website

UNESCO
Section for HIgher Education
7 place de Fontenoy
75352 Paris 07 SP
France

www.unesco.org/en/braingain