Name I.D.

Saheli Sarkar 080470

Geography Assignments…1
a)Classify resources on the basis of ownership.

Answer:

1. Individual Resources: These are owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own land which is
allotted to them by government against the payment of revenue. Urban people own houses,
plots and other property. So plantation, pasture land, ponds, etc. are some of the examples of
resource ownership by individuals.

2. Community-owned Resources: These are resources which are accessible to all the members of
the community. For example, grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, etc. and public
parks, picnic spots, playground, etc. are accessible to all people. Thus they are community-
owned resources.

3. National Resources: All the resources within the nation are called national resources. All the
minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area
upto 12 nautical miles from the coast and resources within the nation, belong to the nation.

4. International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some resources.
The oceanic resources beyond 200 kms of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean
and no individual country can utilise these without the permission of international institutions.

b)Can you name some resource rich but economically backward regions and some resource poor but
economically developed regions ?Give reasons for such a situation.

Answer: Jharkhand state is rich in mineral resources. However, it is economically backward because (a) It
was originally mostly populated by tribals who were uneducated. (b) Due to the rocky terrain, there is
very little agricultural land. (c) Lack of industrial development in earlier times compared with the rest of
India. The Mumbai region of Maharashtra state is poor in natural resources, but is highly economically
developed due to the following reasons (a) It is the commercial hub of India with the maximum amount
of local, national and international trade transactions taking place in India. (b) It has a large number of
industries established from a number of years. (c) It has a very efficient transportation system for people
and materials. (d) The people living and working there are well-educated and earning the maximum
compared to any other area in India.

c)Find out reasons for low proportion of net sown area in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and
Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Answer: Net sown area in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Manipur is low mainly due to the hilly and
rocky terrain. They are also largely covered by dense forests, which will need to be cut to develop
agriculture. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are covered by dense tropical forests & tribal communities
which perform hunting and gathering rather than cultivation and so net sown area is low.
d)Fill in the blanks of the following table with correct informations [CBSE 2020]

RESOURCES EXAMPLES/TYPES

A-- Renewable resource Solar and Wind energy

B--- Non-Renewable resource Minerals and Fossil fuels

PRACTISE QUESTIONS OF 3/5 MARKS—

1.What are resources ?Write a note on classification of resources.

Ans. Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a
resource.

Resources can be classified on different bases; into following types:

i. On the basis of origin: Biotic and Abiotic

All living organisms in our environment are called biotic resources. For example, trees, animals, insects,
etc.

All non-living things present in our environment are termed as abiotic resources. For example – earth,
air, water, metals, rocks, etc.

ii. On the basis of exhaustibility: Renewable and Non-renewable

Resources that can be replenished after a short period of time are called Renewable Resources. For
example – agricultural crops, water, forest, wildlife, etc.

Non-renewable Resources: Resources which takes million years of time to replenish are called non-
renewable resources. For example – fossil fuel.

iii. On the basis of ownership: Individual, community, national and international

Individual Resorces:- It refers to resources which are owned privately.For ex:- House, car,etc.

Community resource:- Those resources which are owned by members of a community. For ex:- parks,
gardens,etc.

All resources belongs to the nation including the ocenic resource upto 12 nautical miles.For ex:- roads,
canals,etc.

International resource:- All the oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles belong to the International
agencies. Example:- marine life, pearls,etc.

iv. On the basis of status of development: Potential, Developed, Stock and Reserves

Potential resource:- Those resources which are found in region,but have not been utilized.For example:-
Rajasthan and gujarat have enormous potential for development of wind and solar energy,but so far
these have not been developed properly.
Developed:- Those resources which quantity or quality is surveyed and is presently used by everyone.For
example:- metals, Salt,etc.

Stock:- Matrials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings
do not have the appropriate technology to access them.For example :- We have H2 and O2 present in
water but we do mot have approprate technology to made water from them.

Reserved resource:- Those resources which we have but we reserved then for our future generations.
For example:-Hydroelectricity.

2.What are the causes of land degradation ?

Answer:
Causes of land degradation:

 Mining sites are abandoned after the excavation work is done, Reaving deep scars of
overburdening. In states like Odisha, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, deforestation
due to mining has caused severe land degradation.

 Overgrazing in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra is one of the
main reasons behind land degradation.

 Overirrigation and waterlogging lead to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the states of Punjab,
Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, thereby leading to land degradation.

 Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for
ceremic industry generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It stops the infiltration of
water in the soil.

 Industrial effluents as wastes have become a major source of land and water pollution in many
parts of the country.

3.How can the land be saved from degradation ?

Ans.

The following measures can help to solve the problem of land degradation
(i) Afforestation over deforested areas.
(ii) Proper management of grazing on permanent pastures.
(iii) In areas where, desertification has taken place, growing thorny bushes.
(iv) Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents after treatment.
(v) Planting of shelter belts.
(vi) Control on mining activities.

4.What is Agenda 21 ?

Ans.

Agenda 21 is the plan of action to achieve sustainable development that was adopted by the world
leaders at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, in June 1992. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease, through global
co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

5. Describe the various factors which are responsible for soil formation .

The following are the factors responsible for soil formation:

i. Relief, origin rock, weather, vegetation and other modes of life and time are critical factors in soil
formation.

ii. Many forces of nature such as the fluctuation in temperature, movements of flowing water, wind and
icecaps, actions of decomposers, etc. also contribute to the formation of loam.

iii. Biochemical and natural changes which take place in the loam are correspondingly significant.

iv. The organic material (humus) and artificial substances are also found in soil.

6.Distinguish between khaddar and bhangar.

Ans. Bhangar and Khadar! These are actually names of soils found in parts of India and Pakistan. These
are alluvial soils found along Gangetic plains are differently named as they exhibit different properties. 

khadar 
i.more fertile
ii.composed of new alluvium soil 
iii.light in colour
iv.fine texture
v.near from river
vi.higher concentration of kankar

bhangar
i.less fertile
ii.composed of old alluvium
iii.dark in colour
iv.course texture
v.far from river
vi.lower concentration of kankar

7.Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources.

Answer:

Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources

1. These resources can be replenished easily. 1. These resources if depleted take reasonable
time for their renewable.
2. Their quantity is not affected by human 2. Their quantity is affected by human
 consumption. consumption.
3. They are also called as inexhaustible resources. 3. They are also called as exhaustible resources.
4.Exmaples: air, wind, water, soil, solar energy 4. Examples: minerals, fossil fuels

8.State the characteristic features of black soil.

Answer: The following are five important characteristics of Black soil:

i. It is fine textured and clayey in nature.

ii. It has high amounts of lime, iron, magnesium and generally low quantities of phosphorus,
nitrogen and organic matter.
iii. It is black in colour since it is formed from weathered lava rocks.
iv. It has up to 50% clay content and therefore is highly retentive of water. Because of the high
clay content, these soils expand when wet and become difficult to plough through. During
the dry season, these soils shrink and develop big cracks which help in the circulation of air.
v. The soil is extremely fertile in most of the places where it is found,

9.Distinguish between stock and reserves.

Ans. Difference between stock and reserve :-

Stock :- Resources that satisfies human needs. These have not been utilized yet. The reason is due to
lack of technology. Example :-  Water [ it satisfies our needs , but we can’t make water ourselves by
combining hydrogen and water { lack of technology } ]

Reserves :-These resources can be utilized by using appropriate technology. Even after having
technology to utilize it , it has been kept aside for future requirements. Example :- Water in dams 

10. Why should we use land resources with careful planning?

Ans. We should use land resources with careful planning as

i) land is limited and is a fixed asset we need to use land resources carefully,

ii) excessive use of land over a long period of time leads to land degradation and renders the soil useless
and

iii) we should adopting techniques such as resource planning to protect the land from deforestation,
overgrazing mining , quarrying etc.

11.Which type of soil is most suitable for growing the crop of cashewnut?[CBSE 2019]

ANSWER

The cashew is a strong plant that is renowned for growing in soils, especially sandy soils, that are
generally unsuitable for other fruit trees. For the best production deep, well-drained sandy or sandy-
loam soil is recommended. Cashew trees will not grow in poorly-drained soils.

12.Which type of soil in India is most widespread and important ?[CBSE 2019]
Ans. The most widely spread and important soil of India is alluvial soil.
Seven characteristics of this soil are :
(i) Alluvial soil is formed by the deposition of materials brought down by the Himalayan rivers.
(ii) Highly fertile.
(iii) Consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
(iv) It is rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime but deficient in organic matter.
(v) Soils in dry regions are more alkaline and can be made productive after proper treatment and
irrigation.
(vi) They are of two types Khadar and Bangar. Khadar soil is the new alluvial soil which is fine and fertile,
while Bangar soil is old alluvial soil which is coarse and less fertile.
(vii) It supports a large variety of crops like paddy, sugar cane, wheat and pulses.

13.Describe the importance of an equitable distribution of resources in the society.[CBSE 2020]

Answer: There should be equitable distribution of resources among all people—rich and poor, so that
all are benefitted from the development of these resources. Such an even distribution of resources
restricts the exploitation, wastage and misuse of these resources. The poor will also get a chance to
make benefit for himself and the society will improve. Unfortunately, it has been deserved that mainly
the rich and the powerful take the full advantage of these resources and the poor are devoid of its
pleasure. Thus, rich and powerful people for their personal benefit work against the equitable
distribution.

14.Describe the need of resources for human survival.[CBSE 2020]

Ans. (i) Resources are used to satisfy human wants. (ii) Resources are base for economic development
for example water, fossil fuel, solar energy is required for power production. (iii) Resources are vital for
human survival as well as maintaining the quality of life. (iv) Land which is a natural resource support
natural vegetation, wild life, human life and all economic activities. (v) Water which is another natural
resource is essential for human, plant and wild life.

15.Fill in the blank---

Coal and Petroleum are Natural sources of energy.[CBSE 2020]

16.Classify resources on the basis of origin . [CBSE 2018]

Ans. On the basis of origin, resources can be classified into Biotic and abiotic resources.

Biotic resources: These resources are obtained from nature and have life. Examples: Humans, forests,
fisheries and livestock.

Abiotic resources: These resources are obtained from nature but are made of non-living things.
Examples: Metals, air and soil.