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Disaster management using Internet of Things

Conference Paper · August 2017

DOI: 10.1109/IEMECON.2017.8079566

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 Disaster Management using Internet of Things
Himadri Nath Saha1, Supratim Auddy1, Subrata Pal1, Shubham Kumar1,Shivesh Pandey1, Rakhee Singh1, Amrendra
Kumar Singh1, Swarnadeep Banerjee1, Debmalya Ghosh1, Sanhita Saha2
1
Deptt. Of Computer Science & Engineering
2
Deptt. Of Information Technology
1
Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata
2
Netaji Subhas Engineering College, Kolkata

Abstract—A disaster is a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society involving
widespread human, material, economic or environmental
loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own
resources.Researchers have been studying disasters for
more than a century, and for more than forty years
disaster research. When discussing disaster management,
there are a few processes that form the links in the chain
and work in tandem to complete the emergency
management lifecycle. The process starts with
identification of risks, disaster preparedness, emergency
response, resources allocation, reaction planning, and
lastly disaster recovery. Fortunately, iothas the solution to
help the disaster management agencies at every stage of
the process.
Keywords—Internet of Things standards; early warning,
sensors; Open iot; disaster and risk management
I. INTRODUCTION
This paper presents a summary of the potential obstacles and
challenges involving analysis topics like iot, wsns(Wireless
sensing Networks) in iotand disaster management exploitation
wsns. This review can analyze key aspects of deploying a
WSN in iotsituation for disaster management.
In associate iotsituation the WSN is just grouping information
that's forwarded to the web employing a Compressed Sensing
(CS) iotframework or alternative solutions as well as data
compression. Compressed Sensing (CS) refers to a technique
wont to cut back the quantity of samples collected in associate
iotWSN. Therefore,it's potential to form complete applications
that need fewer resources. There’snothing have to be
compelled to method the information within the WSN as this
may be worn out the information Analysis Network, when the
information is reconstructed. This can modify a reduced
volume of knowledge transmitted and lower power
consumption for battery-operated nodes.
The detection of individuals during a disaster situation UN
agency are merely moving and not within the possession of a
tracking device’ is revolutionary. The aim here is to create
upon our patent-pended technology to deliver a sturdy field-
trial prepared human detection system for disaster things.
Rest of the paper is organized as follows, Section II describes
Related Works, Section III describes Internet of Things and
Disaster Management, Section IV describes challenge ahead
for India and Section V describes the conclusion.
II. RELATED WORKS
Urban public safety emergency management early warning
system supported technologies for the Internet of Things
(IOT) will understand the performance of Omni-directional
observation and management, correct prediction and
economical disposal. The rescue mechanism of a unified
command, complete perform and response sensitivity, and
operate economical be shaped by the system and improve the
city's ability to resist to public emergencies have nice
significance. During this paper, this analysis state of affairs for
internet of things application within the field of public safety
is introduced. The characteristic structure and constitution are
expatiated in details with illustration. Then the software
package and hardware platform and the system perform are
analyzed. The key technologies and also the technical analysis
routes of the system are expounded.[1]
Internet of Things (iot) has given an excellent chance to create
powerful industrial systems and applications by investing the
growing presence of radio-frequency identification (RFID),
and wireless, mobile, and device devices. A large vary of
commercial iotapplications are developed and deployed in
recent years. In a trial to grasp the event of iotin industries,
this paper reviews this analysis of iot, key facultative
technologies, major iotapplications in industries, and identifies
analysis trends and challenges. A main contribution of this
review paper is that it summarizes this progressive iotin
industries consistently.[2]
Ubiquitous sensing enabled by Wireless Sensing Network
(WSN) technologies cuts across several areas of contemporary
day living. This offers the power to live, infer and perceive
environmental indicators, from delicate ecologies and natural
resources to urban environments. The proliferation of those
devices in a very communicating–actuating network creates
the internet of things (iot), whereby sensors and actuators mix
seamlessly with the atmosphere around United States, and
therefore the data is shared across platforms to develop a

978-1-5386-2215-5/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE

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standard operative image (COP). Oil-fired by the recent
adaptation of a spread of enabling wireless technologies akin
to RFID tags and embedded detector and mechanism nodes,
the iothas stepped out of its infancy and is that the next
revolutionary technology in reworking the web into a totally
integrated Future web. As we tend to move from World Wide
Web (static pages web) to web2 (social networking web) to
web3 (ubiquitous computing web), the requirement for data-
on-demand victimization refined intuitive queries will increase
considerably. This paper presents a Cloud central vision for
worldwide implementation of internet of things. The key
enabling technologies and application domains that are
possible to drive iotanalysis within the close to future are
mentioned. A Cloud implementation victimization thatis
predicated on interaction of personal and public Clouds is
given. We tend to conclude our iotvision by increasing on the
requirement for convergence of WSN, the web and distributed
computing directed at technological analysis community.[3]
Fig 1 – Common Natural Disasters
The speedy development of Internet of things (iot) technology
makes it doable for connecting varied good objects along
through the net and providing additional information ability
strategies for application purpose. Recent analysis shows
additional potential applications of iotin data intensive
industrial sectors akin to health care services. However, the
range of the objects in iotcauses the heterogeneousness
drawback of the info format in iotplatform. Meanwhile, the
utilization of iottechnology in applications has spurred the rise
of period information, that makes the knowledge storage and
accessing harder and difficult. Duringthis analysis, 1st a
linguistics information model is projected to store and
interpret iotinformation. Then a resource-based information
accessing methodology (UDA-iot) is intended to amass and
method iotinformation ubiquitously to boost the accessibility
to iotinformation resources. Finally, we tend to gift associate
degree iot-based system for emergency medical services to
demonstrate the way to collect, integrate, and interoperate
iotinformation flexibly so as to supply support to emergency
medical services. The result shows that the resource-based
iotinformation accessing methodology is effective in a very
distributed heterogeneous information surroundings for
supporting information accessing timely and ubiquitously in a
very cloud and mobile computing platform.[4]
The phrase internet of Things (iot) heralds a vision of the
longer term web wherever connecting physical things, from
banknotes to bicycles, through a network can allow them to
take a full of life half within the web, exchanging info
regarding themselves and their surroundings. This may
provide immediate access to info regarding the physical world
and therefore the objects in it—leading to innovative services
and increase in potency and productivity. This paper studies
the progressive of iotand presents the key technological
drivers, potential applications, challenges and future analysis
areas within the domain of iot. Iotdefinitions from very
different perspective in tutorial and trade communities also are
mentioned and compared. Finally some major problems with
future analysis in iotare known and mentioned concisely.[5]
The Internet is unendingly ever changing and evolving. The
most communication type of gift net is human-human. The net
of Things (iot) will be thought-about because the future
analysis of the net that realizes machine-to-machine (M2M)
learning. Thus, iotprovides property for everybody and
everything. The iotembeds some intelligence in Internet-
connected objects to speak, exchange info, take choices,
invoke actions and supply superb services. This paper
addresses the prevailing development trends, the generic
design of iot, its identifying options and attainable future
applications. This paper additionally forecast the key
challenges related to the event of iot. The iotis obtaining
increasing quality for domain, business furthermore as
government that has the potential to bring important personal,
skilled and economic edges.[6]
The Internet of Things (iot) may be a novel paradigm that
connects the pervasive presence around USA of a range of
things or objects to the web by mistreatment wireless/wired
technologies to achieve desired goals. Since the conception of
the iotwas introduced in 2005, we have a tendency to see the
readying of a brand new generation of networked sensible
objects with communication, sensory and action capabilities
for varied applications, primarily in world offer chain
management, surroundings observance and different non-
stress environments. This paper introduces the iottechnology
to be used within the emergency management community.
Considering the knowledge needed for supporting 3
successive and distinct rhythms in emergency response
operations: mobilization rhythm, preliminary state of affairs
assessment rhythm, and intervention rhythm, the paper
proposes a changed task-technology match approach that's
accustomed investigate however the iottechnology will be
incorporated into the 3 rhythms and enhance emergency
response operations. The findings from our analysis support
our 2 hypotheses: H1: iottechnology fits the known info
requirements; and H2: iottechnology provides side worth to
emergency response operations in terms of getting economic
cooperation, correct situational awareness, and complete
visibility of resources.[7]
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This visionary paper presents the internet of things paradigm
in terms of mutually beneficial dynamic dimensions of objects
and their properties. Providing in its current state net of Things
(iot) has been viewed as a paradigm supported gradable
distribution of objects, analysis of the dynamic nature of the
gradable structures faces challenges in its analysis and
analysis. Inside this in mind, our focus is on the world of
complicated social networks and therefore the dynamic social
network construction inside the context of iot. This is often by
lightness and addressing the tagging problems with the objects
to the real-world domain appreciate in disaster management,
these square measure in relevance their hierarchies and
relation inside the context of social network analysis.
Specifically, we recommend to analyze and deepen the
understanding of the iotparadigm through the appliance of
social network analysis as a technique for interlacing objects --
and therefore, propose ways in which during which iotmight
be later interlinked and analyzed through social network
analysis approach - which provides prospects for linking of the
objects, whereas extends it into real-world domain. With this
in mind, we tend to gift few applications and key
characteristics of disaster management and therefore the social
networking analysis approach, as well as, foretold edges of its
application within the iotdomain.[8]
disaster: microwave sensors, which will be used to measure
earth movements before and through earthquakes, as an
example, or infrared sensors which will notice and live floods
and movements of individuals. The large deployment of iot-
enabled devices (often battery powered and ready to operate
and transmit wirelessly) might bring advantages in terms of
knowledge network resilience in face of disaster. Iotdevices
might enable limited communication services (e.g. Emergency
micro-message delivery) just in case the standard
communication infrastructure is out of service. To be ready for
essential incidents like landslides and flooding, sensors
contribute to information feeds regarding weather, traffic,
police and medical services in time period. They anticipate
issues and place defenses in place to mitigate their impact. A
weather and statement program will predict emergencies up to
2 days ahead. If associate emergency happens, individuals and
communities are alerted via social media, standard media
channels and SMS. In high-risk areas, sirens also are used to
evacuate the population.

III. INTERNET OF THINGS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Iottechnologies cannot stop disasters from happening,

however are often terribly helpful for disaster preparedness,
like prediction and early warning systems. During this
manner, iotwill catch up on a poor infrastructure that puts
developing and rising countries in a very notably vulnerable
position.

Fig 2-Architectural Considerations

Regard example the observance of forest fires: sensors on

trees will take measurements that indicate once a fire has
broken out, or there is a robust risk, e.g. Temperature,
moisture, greenhouse emission and CO levels. If there is an
essential combination of those parameters, early warning
systems alert the native population and request facilitate. The
firefighters once they arrive have detailed information
regarding the situation and unfold of the blaze. Different
iotapplications are being developed for various forms of

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 IV. CHALLENGE AHEAD FOR INDIA
For India, the most important challenge previous iot
preparationis that the communications infrastructure. Indian
telecommunicationbusiness, dominated by personal players,
is insulating material behind in below investment compared
to China, whose investments area unit primarily complete
through government funds. The difficult demographics and
lack of favorable policies makes investment a extremely
risky affair for personal telcos. The slow 4G momentum
and therefore the rescheduling of National Optic Fiber
Network (NOFN) project area unitmany examples that
show infrastructure hurdles play the villain within the
country’s progress.
While the developed countries have started consultation and
trials on 5G, Indian telecommunication authority TRAI has
not initiated any talks on this. Spectrum allocation is
another brain-teaser facing the authorities. The hue and cry
over the upper spectrum pricesneeds to be looked upon. The
continuing debates over Right of method (row) challenges
got to be addressed . Unless the govt. Addresses these
considerations of the business, the transition to 5G, the
backbone of iot, arenot possible.Another issue with iot is
that the standardization. The disparate iot networks that
interlink totally different.
Disaster Management Act 2005
Communications protocols, likewise as multiple device
sorts, oss and applications create standardization
verydifficult. Worldwide consultation has started on
production formal standards, howeverasian country has not
shown any interest thus far. Security, particularly the
challenges arising from sharing the info across public cloud
networks, conjointlymustbe addressed .
As asian country eyes succeedingspherical of digital
evolution by 2017, the time is suitable for the country to
spice up investment in iot so as to leverage its edgesto
handlea number of the pressing issuesit's facing.

84
 V. CONCLUSION
The seamless interconnection of devices to the net, being
sensors of all kinds starting from unmoved activity devices,
sensors on good phones up to hyper-spectral cameras mounted
on satellites, offers a massive potential for the advance in
recognizing and assessing risks, for the targeted launch of
preventive measures resembling improved quality, preciseness
and personalization of early warnings. Constant is true for call
support in disaster management. However, to use this
potential, there's associate pressing got to improve ability.
Disaster Management is outlined because the organization and
management of resources and responsibilities for managing all
humanitarian aspects of emergencies, specifically state,
response and recovery so as to reduce the impact of disasters.
In Asian nation fifty seven land is at risk of earthquakes, sixty
eight land is at risk of drought, twelve-tone system land is at
risk of flood, V-E Day land is at risk of cyclones and plenty of
industrial cities are at risk of chemical and imitation disasters
Due to high population density, poor evacuation infrastructure
and exposure to severe weather events, developing countries
ar disproportionately exposed to the risks of natural disasters,
and infrequently have restricted suggests that to mitigate their
effects. Consequently, consistent with a International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development study, quite ninety five per
cent of all deaths caused by disasters occur in developing
countries.
[ 12] R Singh, HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, PK Banerjee, “Administrator
and Fidelity Based Secure Routing (AFSR) Protocol in MANET”,
2016
[ 13] D Choudhury, D Kar, KR Biswas, HN Saha, “Energy efficient
routing in mobile ad-hoc networks”, 2015
[ 14] HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, PK Banerjee, “Semi-Centralised Multi
Authenticated RSSI Based Solution to Sybil Attack”,2010
[ 15] A Bhattacharyya, A Banerjee, D Bose, HN Saha, D Bhattacharjee,
“Different types of attacks in Mobile ADHOC Network:
Prevention and mitigation techniques”, 2011
[ 16] A Banerjee, D Bose, A Bhattacharyya, HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya,
“Administrator and trust based secure routing in manet”, 2012
[ 17] HN Saha, S Banerjee, R Nandi, R Dey, “A review on different
Intrusion Detection Systems for MANET and its vulnerabilities”,
2015
[ 18] HN Saha, A Chattopadhyay, D Sarkar, “Review on intelligent
routing in MANET”, 2015
[ 19] Debopam Ghosh Himadri Nath Saha, Debika Bhattacharyya,
Bipasha Banerjee, Sulagna Mukherjee, Rohit Singh, “A Review on
Attacks and Secure Routing Protocols in Manet”, 2013
[ 20] HN Saha, PK Banerjee,” Fidelity Based On Demand Secure
(FBOD) Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network”, 2012
[ 21] HN Saha, D Bhattacharyya, AK Bandhyopadhyay, PK Banerjee, ”
Two-level secure re-routing (tsr) in mobile ad hoc networks”, 2012
[ 22] Dipayan Bose, Arnab Banerjee, Aniruddha Bhattacharyya,
Himadri Nath Saha, Debika Bhattacharyya, Pranab Kumar
Banerjee, “An efficient approach to secure routing in MANET”,
2012
[ 23] Himadri Nath Saha, Dr Debika Bhattacharyya, Dr PK Banerjee,
Aniruddha Bhattacharyya, Arnab Banerjee, Dipayan Bose, “Study
Of Different Attacks In Manet With Its Detection & Mitigation
Schemes”, 2011

VI. REFERENCES

[ 1] Chunquan Du, Shunbing Zhu,”Research on Urban Public Safety

Emergency Management Early Warning System based on
Technologies for the Internet of Things”, 2012
[ 2] Li Da Xu, Wu He, Shancang Li ,”Internet of
Things in Industries: A Survey”, 2014
[ 3] JayavardhanaGubbi, RajkumarBuyya, SlavenMarusic,
MarimuthuPalaniswami,” Internet of Things (iot): A vision,
architectural elements, and future directions” 2013
[ 4] Boyi Xu, Li Da Xu,HongmingCai,Cheng Xie,Jingyuan Hu,
Fenglin Bu,”Ubiquitous Data Accessing Method in iot-Based
Information System for Emergency Medical Services” 2014
[ 5] Debasis Bandyopadhyay, Jaydip Sen,” Internet of Things:
Applications and Challenges in Technology and Standardization”,
2011
[ 6] Rafiullah Khan, SarmadUllah Khan, RifaqatZaheer, Shahid
Khan,”Future Internet: The Internet of Things Architecture,
Possible Applications and Key Challenges”, 2012
[ 7] L.Yang, S.H.Yang, L.Plotnick,”How the internet of things
technology enhances emergency response operations”, 2012
[ 8] AstaZelenkauskaite,Nik Bessis, Stelios
Sotiriadis,EleanaAsimakopoulou,”Interconnectedness of Complex
Systems of Internet of Things through Social Network Analysis for
Disaster Management”, 2012
[ 9] Himadri Nath Saha, “Comparative Performance Analysis between
nrf24l01+ and XBEE ZB Module Based Wireless Ad-hoc
Networks”, 2017
[ 10] HN Saha, A Mandal, S Abhirup, “Recent trends in the Internet of
Things”, 2017
[ 11] M Narsaria, D Bhattacharya, HN Saha, “Performance Optimization
and Evaluation Algorithm”, 2016

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