Student: Segundo Alfredo Ugarte González Date: 16/10/2018

Subject: Mechanical Design Homework: #1

1. Select a mechanical component (bolts, springs, bushings, etc.), and using a web browser
get info from five local dealers or manufacturers.

 IMPORPERNOS
Leading market importer of bolts, nuts, screws, fastening systems and more, in the best
brands and materials. Founded in 1982, they have more than 3 decades of experience y
the Ecuadorian market. They can fabricate any kind of screws and bolts even if they are
not in catalogs of standardized elements.
Address: Av. La Prensa N44-72 and El Telégrafo Primero, 170512 Quito – Ecuador.
Telephone: +593 (02) 2430-658 - +593 (02) 226-7191 - +593 (09) 610 80500
Mail: ventas@imporpernos.com
Web Site: http://www.imporpernos.com/

 AUTOPERNO
Ecuadorian company in focus on the vehicle bolts and screws market, collaborating with
the most remarkable companies at national and abroad level. They are specialist in screws
and nuts for tires in Metric and American system, crews under the ASTN A-325 Standard
galvanized or with thermal treatment, etc.
Address: Guerrero Martinez 620 and Ayacucho, Guayaquil - Ecuador.
Telephone: 042374713 – 0939888712
Mail: autoperno@hotmail.com - stradauto@hotmail.com
Web Site: http://www.guimun.com/ecuador/negocios/2491/index.html

 LUDEPA
Born at august 21th of 1988 in Manta, this company had been supplying with materials
and spare parts like bolts, screws, nuts, etc. till nowadays the company has grown not
only into an ironmongery chain but also has an series of warehouses.
Address: 11th Street between 9th and 10th Avenue (at the corner of the block), Guayaquil
- Ecuador.
Telephone: 052 621627 - 0985102539 - 0992163284
Mail: gerencia@ludepa.ec
Web Site: http://www.ludepa.ec/

 FINPAC
Importer and Distribution Company for the best brands and quality of industrial products
and ironmongery that was born at 1994 in Guayaquil. Their activities are directed to some
types of industry like naval, industrial, construction, agricultural and oil.
Address: Lotización Cerro Colorado Parish Pascuales Block 245 Lot 1-2 aside
Cimetcorp, Guayaquil – Ecuador.
Telephone: +5934 (04) 2587743 - 2 286843-2 589036
Mail: opilamunga@finpacecuador.com
Web Site: http://www.finpacecuador.com/inicio/

 TOPESA S.A.
 Principal manufacturer of bolts, screw, nuts, etc. in the country with more than 20 years
of experience. Their manufacturing process are been carried under the ANSI, ISO-inch
and ISO-metric Standards.
Address: Av. Turubamba S61-130 y Calle G. Panamericana Sur Km. 14 1/2. Industrial
Park. Quito – Ecuador.
Telephone: 2974 155 - 2974 156 - 2974 157 - 2974 158
Mail: ventas@topesa.com.ec
Web Site: http://www.topesa.com.ec

2. Select one of the organizations presented in the “Standards and Codes” section of the
slides viewed during class, and describe all of its available info.
In this case, I am going to find info about International Standards Organization (ISO).

About ISO
ISO is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of
162 national standards bodies. The ISO story began in 1946 when delegates from 25 countries
met at the Institute of Civil Engineers in London and decided to create a new international
organization ‘to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial
standards’. On 23 February 1947 the new organization, ISO, officially began operations.

Through its members, it brings together experts to share knowledge and develop voluntary,
consensus-based, market relevant International Standards that support innovation and provide
solutions to global challenges. Their Central Secretariat is in Geneva, Switzerland. ISO has
published 22358 International Standards and related documents, covering almost every
industry, from technology, to food safety, to agriculture and healthcare.

Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in

different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de
normalisation), their founders decided to give it the short form ISO, which is derived from
the Greek isos, meaning equal.

3. Analyze the ethics study-case attached to this homework and answer the proposed
questions.
 ¿Would it had been ethic that the A engineer declined keep working in this case?
Yes, due that when her superior asked for an “agile issuance” it involves irregular
procedures that will lead to future legal troubles.

 ¿Would it had been ethic that the A engineer issued the permission?
No, due that the actual blueprints do not satisfy the Clear Air Act regulation.

 ¿It was ethic that the A engineer refused to issue the permission?
Yes, it was because has an engineer is her responsibility to evaluate and decide if a project
may or may not be done.
4. Based on the analyzed at the units section viewed during class, identify which one are
the gravitational systems and the absolute systems for the International and English units
systems. Specify the names of the units for mass, force, length and time in each.

Absolute Fundamental Fundamental Derived

Derived unit
System magnitudes units magnitude
Meter (m),
International kilogram (kg), Newton (N)
Length, mass, and second (s)
temperature and Force
time Foot (ft), pound-
Pound-force
English mass (lbm), and
(lbf)
second (s)

Gravitational Fundamental Fundamental Derived

Derived units
System magnitudes units magnitude

Kilopond (kp),
kilopond meter
Meter (m), (kpm), calorie
International kilogram (kg) and Mass, (Cal), horse power
second (s) mechanical (CV), calorie per
and thermal hour (Cal/h), Watt
Length, force energy, (W), Pascal (Pa)
and time mechanical,
calorific and Pound-mass (lbm),
electric power, horse power (hp),
Foot (ft), pound- pressure British thermal
English mass (lbm),
unit (Btu), Watt
second (s)
(W), pound per
square inch (psi)

5. Resolve the proposed exercise in the “Errors propagation and Pythagoras Theorem”
handout posted in SidWeb.

The equation of a system has three variables has follows:

𝛽 = 𝑥 + 𝛿𝑛

Where the three variables, with their normal distributions, measured with the next results:
𝑥 ~ 𝑁(33,2 ; 1,34), 𝛿 ~ 𝑁(8,9 ; 0,1) y 𝑛 ~ 𝑁(0,25 ; 0,001).
Find the mean and standard deviation for 𝛽
Using the equations:

𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
𝐶 = ; 𝐶 = ; 𝐶 = ; 𝜎 =𝜇 ∗ 𝐶 +𝐶 ;
𝜇 𝜇 𝜇
 𝜇 =𝜇 +𝜇 ; 𝜎 = 𝐶 +𝐶
We get the table:

𝒙 𝜹 𝒏 𝒏𝟐 𝜹𝒏𝟐 𝜷
𝝁 33,2 8,9 0,25 0,0625 0,556 33,756
𝝈 1,34 0,1 0,001 0,0005 0,00767 1,340
𝑪 0,0404 0,0112 0,0040 0,0080 0,0138 0,0397

It shows that the results are 𝛽~𝑁(33.75, 1.34)

6. Resolve the proposed exercise in the “Dimensional analysis and units conversion” posted
in SidWeb.

A beam submitted to deflection can be modeled by the equation:

1 𝑀
=
𝜌 𝐸𝐼

Where 𝜌 is the radius of curvature, 𝑀 is the flexing momentum, 𝐸 is the Young’s

modulus of the material and 𝐼 is the moment of inertia. Using dimensional analysis
confirm the units consistence of the equation.

Variable Unit Base unit Dimension

𝜌 𝑚 𝑚 𝐿
𝑀 𝑁𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 /𝑠 𝑀𝐿 𝑇
𝐸 𝑃𝑎 𝑘𝑔 /𝑚 𝑠 𝑀𝐿 𝑇
𝐼 𝑚 𝑚 𝐿

So in each side of the equation we have:

1 𝑀𝐿 𝑇
=
𝐿 𝑀𝐿 𝑇 . 𝐿

1 𝐿
=
𝐿 𝐿

1 1
=
𝐿 𝐿

As we can see there is units consistence in the equation.

7. Generally, the results of a final design are rounded or fixed to 3 figures, that is because
the data cannot justify any more figures. In addition, the prefixes have to be selected to
limit the series of numbers to no more than four at left of decimal point. With the given
rules, revolve the flowing relations.
𝑭
a) 𝝉 = , with 𝑨 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 , 𝑭 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃𝒇 y 𝒅 = 𝟎 , 𝟕𝟓𝟎𝒊𝒏
𝑨

𝐹 2700 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝜏= =
𝜋𝑑 𝜋(0.750 𝑖𝑛)
4 4

𝜏 = 6.11𝑥10 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝟑𝟐𝑭𝒂
b) 𝝈 = , with 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒍𝒃𝒇 y 𝒂 = 𝟑𝟏, 𝟓 𝒊𝒏, y 𝒅 = 𝟏 , 𝟐𝟓 𝒊𝒏
𝝅𝒅𝟑

32𝐹𝑎 32 ∗ 180 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 31.5 𝑖𝑛

𝜎= =
𝜋𝑑 𝜋(1.25)

𝜎 = 29.6𝑥10 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑭𝒍𝟑
c) 𝒚 = , with 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵, 𝒍 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎, 𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕 𝑮𝑷𝒂 𝒆 𝑰 = 𝟔𝟒 ⇥ 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟒
𝟑𝑬𝑰

𝐹𝑙
𝑦=
3𝐸𝐼

1200𝑁 ∗ (800𝑥10 )
𝑦=
1𝑚
3 ∗ 207𝑥10 ∗ 64𝑥10 ∗
(1000𝑚𝑚)

𝑦 = 15𝑥10 𝑚

𝑻𝒍
d) 𝜽 = 𝑮𝑱, with 𝑱 = 𝝅𝒅𝟒/𝟑𝟐, 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵 · 𝒎, 𝒍 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎, 𝑮 = 𝟕𝟗, 𝟑 𝑮𝑷𝒂 𝒚 𝒅 =
𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎. Transform the angles results in grades..
𝜋𝑑 𝜋(25𝑥10 )
𝐽= =
32 32
𝐽 = 3.8𝑥10

𝑇𝐿 1100𝑁 ∗ 250𝑥10
𝜃= =
𝐺𝐽 79.3𝑥10 ∗ 3.8𝑥10
180°
𝜃 = 0.090 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ∗
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃 = 5.2°