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ĐÁP ÁN CẤP ĐỘ 4 (2019)
ĐÁP ÁN CẤP ĐỘ 4 (2019)
4. (Also S2)
The shaded triangle has base b = 6 m and perpendicular height h = 4 m.
1 1
Its area is A = bh = × 6 × 4 = 12 square metres,
2 2
hence (B).
1 3
3 2 N
M
1 3 2
3 2 1
2 1 3
7. (Also J12)
The parts of the paper either side of each fold will be the mirror image of each other.
Option (B) and no other has this property,
hence (B).
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9. (Also S8)
The pattern repeats 1, 4, 7, 4.
Since 1 + 4 + 7 + 4 = 16, each full cycle contributes 16, and then there is an additional
amount that is 0, 1, 1 + 4 = 5 or 1 + 4 + 7 = 12.
That is, the sum is of the form 16n, 16n + 1, 16n + 5 or 16n + 12. Of the numbers given,
only 65 = 16 × 4 + 1 can be written this way,
hence (E).
10. If d is the final digit, then we need 5910 + d to be divisible by 3. Since 5910 is divisible by
3, this means that we need d to be divisible by 3. So d can be 0, 3, 6 or 9, and there are
four possibilities for the final digit,
hence (D).
11. Since AC = CD, the triangle ACD is isosceles with ∠CAD = ∠CDA = 40◦ .
Then the line CA is a transversal of parallel lines BC and AD, forming alternate angles
∠ACB = ∠CAD = 40◦ .
Since AB = BC, ABC is isosceles with ∠BAC = ∠ACB = 40◦ . Then ∠ABC =
180◦ − 40◦ − 40◦ = 100◦ ,
hence (B).
B A
13. Triangle AXB has equal height and twice the base of one of the equilateral triangles, so
2
it has area equal to two of the equilateral triangles. This is the area of the trapezium,
3
hence (C).
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15. The rollers don’t slip, so the distance (arc length) that all points on the perimeters of the
rollers travels is the same. In particular, for a point on the perimeter of the 21 cm roller
undergoing a full rotation, this distance is 21π cm.
21π 3
The circumference of the 14 cm roller is 14π cm so a point travelling 21π cm makes =
14π 2
3
revolutions, which is an angle of × 360◦ = 540◦ ,
2
hence (D).
4x + 5 = 5/8(7x + 5)
8(4x + 5) = 5(7x + 5)
32x + 40 = 35x + 25
15 = 3x
17. Asha wants the first two numbers to add to a number that is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 less than a
multiple of 7. That is, 6, 5, 4, 3 or 2 more than a multiple of 7. She can force this by
choosing 1 first, then any number chosen by Richy allows Asha to win.
If Asha chooses 2, 3, 4 or 5 first, then Richy can choose 5, 4, 3, or 2 so that the first two
numbers add to 7. No matter what Asha’s final choice is, the total of all three numbers is
not a multiple of 7 and Asha loses.
Consequently to guarantee a win, Asha’s only first choice is 1,
hence (A).
18. Alternative 1
The upper-right triangle has width (base) x + y and height y − x. So the three white
1 1 1 1
triangles have total area xy + xy + (x + y)(y − x) = xy + (y 2 − x2 ) and the blue
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
triangle has area y(x + y) − xy − (y − x ) = y − y + x = (x2 + y 2 ),
2 2
2 2 2 2
hence (E).
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Alternative 2
√
There are two congruent right-angled triangles with sides x, y and x2 + y 2 . Consequently
√
the shaded triangle has a right angle at the lowermost vertex. Then with base x2 + y 2
√ bh x2 + y 2
and height x2 + y 2 , it has area = ,
2 2
hence (E).
M
The diagram shows the faces surrounding F in net form. C F
E
So in the row of cubes, the back of A is M , the back of M is A , and
A
the back of C is . However, from the opposite side, these will be in
E
hence (D).
20. Alternative 1
We can picture the five numbers V, W, X, Y, Z geometrically on the number line, since on
the number line, ‘average’ means ‘midpoint’.
W Y Z X V
7 12
5 9 1
Then a + = 7 so that a = 4 and the third number is a + 6 = 8,
8 2 2
hence (E).
21. Alternative 1
8
of the pool and the
In 8 hours, all 3 pipes fill the pool. Within that, the first pipe fills
21
8 1 8 1 2
second pipe fills = of the pool. So the third pipe fills 1 − − = of the pool.
24 3 21 3 7
2
The third pipe alone would take 8 ÷ = 28 hours to fill the pool,
7
hence (D).
Alternative 2
Consider many identical pools, with the pipes running for lcm(21, 24, 8) = 168 hours.
The first pipe fills 168 ÷ 21 = 8 pools, the second pipe fills 168 ÷ 24 = 7 pools, and all
three pipes together fill 168 ÷ 8 = 21 pools. Consequently, the third pipe fills 6 pools, so
that it fills one pool in 168 ÷ 6 = 28 hours,
hence (D).
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Alternative 3
Suppose the third pipe takes x hours to fill the pool, which has capacity V litres.
V V V
In litres per hour, the flow rates of the three pipes are , and , and their combined
21 24 x
V
flow rate is . Therefore
8
V V V V
= + +
8 21 24 x
1 1 1 1
= + + (since V 0)
8 21 24 x
1 1 1 1 1
= − − =
x 8 21 24 28
Then x = 28,
hence (D).
0 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 2 2
0 1 1 1 1
0 1 3 2 3
0 1 3 2
This is 3 + 5 + 3 + 6 = 17 cubes,
hence (D).
The graph shows the total time for each strategy as a function of the distance d, with the
best overall strategy in bold. Thus, finding where the strategy should change amounts to
solving the equations H = F and W = F .
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time
H H=F : 16d + 12 = 44
16d = 32
104
d=2
44 F W = F : 104 − 10d = 44
12
W −10d = −60
? ? 8
d d=6
24. Alternative 1
Label each triangle with 3 numbers representing its 3 edges. The number for an edge is the
length of the corresponding arc, measured in twelfth-circles. This means that a triangle is
represented by 3 numbers that add to 12.
Second edge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 count
1 1,1,10 1,2,9 1,3,8 1,4,7 1,5,6 1,6,5 1,7,4 1,8,3 1,9,2 9
First 2 2,2,8 2,3,7 2,4,6 2,5,5 2,6,4 2,7,3 6
edge 3 3,3,6 3,4,5 3,5,4 3
4 4,4,4 1
Note that in each label we have chosen to start with the first edge (and possibly the second
edge) the shortest so that we don’t create any triangles that are just rotations of another.
In this table there are 9 + 6 + 3 + 1 = 19 labels, so that there are 19 possible triangles,
hence (C).
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Alternative 2
If we count different rotations of the one triangle as different, the number of triangles
12 × 11 × 10
is 12
3 = = 220. However this counts every triangle multiple times. The
3×2×1
equilateral triangle is counted 4 times, and all others are counted 12 times.
220 − 4
That is, the number of non-equilateral triangles is = 18. Including the equilateral
12
triangle gives 19 triangles,
hence (C).
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Since (1000 − 9) ÷ 81 = 12 r19, the 1000th tens digit equals the 19th, which is 3.
Finally, the hundreds digit follows a similar principle. The first 81 numbers have no
hundreds digit. Then there is a 729-step cycle:
1, 1, . . . , 1, 2, 2, . . . , 2, 3, 3, . . . , 3, . . . , 9, 9, . . . 9
81 81 81 81
Since (1000 − 81) ÷ 729 = 1 r190, the 1000th hundreds digit equals the 190th, which is 3.
In all, the last three digits are 331,
hence (331).
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30. We can represent a path for Antony by a sequence of letters R (right), D (down) and L
(left), where R and L constitute a move by half the width of a brick. From the diagram we
can see that such a sequence must start and end with R and contain 18 Ds. Furthermore,
since there are more rows than half-bricks in each row, there must be some Ls involved
in the sequence. If two or more consecutive moves to the left or right are used, then this
ultimately makes the path longer than necessary, hence all Rs and Ls should be separated
by a single D. Therefore any shortest path is represented by a sequence of 17 Rs and 2 Ls
in the odd positions, and 18 Ds in the even positions. We can ignore the Ds and consider
only the subsequence of the Rs and Ls in the 19 odd positions.
With the exception of the mortar at the start and finish of the path, the mortar at the left
and right edges of the wall are dead ends for Antony and so won’t appear in a quickest
route. Therefore the subsequence of Rs and Ls must start and finish with RR, but cannot
start with RRLL or finish with LLRR. These are the only restrictions on the legitimate
subsequences. Given that two Rs are placed at either end, there are 15 remaining places
to put the first L and 14 places to put the second L. However, this double-counts the
total possibilities, since the order of the Ls is irrelevant, hence there are 15 × 14 ÷ 2 = 105
ways to place the Ls; the remaining places are all Rs. Finally, we must subtract the two
forbidden sequences RRLL . . . and . . . LLRR, so there are 103 shortest paths for Antony
in total,
hence (103).
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