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Calc05 - 1 (1) Summing Integration
Calc05 - 1 (1) Summing Integration
After 4 seconds,
2
the object has
gone 12 feet.
velocity
1
ft
3 ⋅ 4 sec = 12 ft
0 1 2 3 4
sec
time
→
3
If the velocity is not constant,
we might guess that the
2
distance traveled is still equal
to the area under the curve.
(The units work out.) 1
1 2
Example: V = t + 1 0 1 2 3 4
8 1 1 1
1 1 1 2
8 2 8
t v
We could estimate the area under the curve by 0 1
drawing rectangles touching at their left corners. 1
1 1
8
This is called the Left-hand Rectangular 1
Approximation Method (LRAM). 2 1
2
Approximate area: 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 = 5 3 = 5.75 3 2
1
8 2 8 4 8 →
1 2 3
V = t +1
8
0 1 2 3 4
1 1 1
1 1 2 3
8 2 8
0.5 1.03125 2
1.5 1.28125
1
2.5 1.78125
3.5 2.53125
0 1 2 3 4
1.03125 1.78125
1.28125 2.53125
Another approach would be to use rectangles that touch at
the midpoint. This is the Midpoint Rectangular
Approximation Method (MRAM).
In this example there are four
subintervals.
Approximate area:
As the number of subintervals
6.625 increases, so does the accuracy.
→
1 2 3
V = t +1
With 8 subintervals: 8
2
t v
0.25 1.00781
1
0.75 1.07031
1.25 1.19531
0 1 2 3 4
1.75 1.38281
2.25 1.63281
2.75 1.94531
Approximate area:
6.65624
3.25 2.32031
3.75 2.75781
0 1 2 3 4
Circumscribed rectangles
are all above the curve: 2
0 1 2 3 4
→
We will be learning how to find the exact area under a
curve if we have the equation for the curve. Rectangular
approximation methods are still useful for finding the
area under a curve if we do not have the equation.
→
If you have the calculus tools program
installed:
Set up the WINDOW screen as follows:
→
Press APPS
Press Enter
→
π