Rizal’s articles and political views in the Sol

 The chances of the Philippines to be a self-sufficient

country if given independence.
 Contrary to the aims of La Solidaridad which is …..
 Assimilation
 He didn’t emphasized independence as a solution.
 The choice lay with Spain
 Predict American interest and involvement in
imperialism.
 Rizal became a freemason.
 Freemasonry- Largest and most widely established fraternal order in
the world. Originally restricted to stone-cutters who built churches in the
17th century. Later on, admitted members of wealth and social status.
 “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas” Rizal edition
 Published in Paris (1890)
 Paid the publication on his own
 Copies were sent to Hongkong where J.M Basa
responsible for the distribution in the Philippines.
 The book was a success in the Philippines.
 Rizal also published his Tagalog orthography.
 Of the three literary undertakings in Europe that dealt
with the past, present and future only the future was
left unfinished.
 “El Filibustersmo”
 Nelly Boustead
 Daughter of a wealthy Anglo-Filipino Eduardo
Boustead.
 Son of the famous British East India Merchant Edward
Boustead.
 “She was more handsome than beautiful”
 Educated and Sporty
 She was the closest to Rizal in terms of character.
 A rival in Antonio Luna.
Nelly Boustead
Nelly Boustead
A trip to Brussels and the desire to return home.
 He was invited by a friend in Brussels, Belgium. (1/1890)
 He stayed with three gorgeous ladies on the Rue Philippe
de Champagne.
 New sport in revolver shooting.
 (He writes his name on the wall using the bullets of a
pistol) –Retana.
 Anxiety from the Calamba Hacienda issue.
 The threats of destruction and eviction of Calamba
families.
 Paciano appeal to the Tribunal Supremo in Madrid.
 Blumentritt instructed Rizal to go back in Madrid.
 Asked Basa to provide him an allowance of P100 from
the propaganda movement in Manila.
Demolition of Calamba
 Troops entered Calamba issued by Gen. Weyler.
(9/6/1890)
 30 familes were given 24hrs to evacuate their houses.
 Paciano and 20 others deported to the island of
Mindoro.
 Francisco and Teodora took shelter w/ Narcisa.
 30o families were landless and homeless.
 40 heads of families deported.
Rizal’s reaction
 Letters were written to Rizal and other propagandists
seeking justice to Calamba.
 Rizal began his revision of the “El Filibusterismo”
 Adding more radicalism
 Intensify the meaning of revenge.
 Emphasizing revolution.
 There was a growing sympathy to the Philippines by
Spaniards for the first time.
Leonor Rivera getting married
 Broke her engagement w/ Rizal.
 She married an Englishman engineer Henry Kipping.
 A heartbreaking news, in which he wrote to Blumentritt
four months later..
 “When I received the news, I thought I was on the point of going
mad..Ach! Do not be surprised that a Filipina has preferred the name
Kinping.. To the name Rizal. No, do not be surprised. An Englishman
is a free man, and I am not. Enough, let this be the final word.”
 She was made to believed that Rizal was engaged to
someone else.
 Her mother bribed the clerk at the post office to
intercept letters between them.
 Both of them were left with the same intuition of having
been forgotten.
 Leonor accidentally received a letter of Rizal.
 She confronted her mother.
 Leonor’s wedding (6/1891)
 She died 2 yrs later.
 “But as all who knew her said, if ever a woman died of a
broken heart, it was Leonor Rivera.”
 Rizal was advised to marry Nelly Boustead.
Leonor Rivera
Leonor and mother
J.R D.P Rivalry
 M.H Del Pilar and Rizal rivalry and the collapsed of
the Propaganda movement.
 Del Pilar, a typical politician.
 Contrasting ideologies, Rizal wanted to maintain
radical view in the sol.
 Rizal won the election as the leader/responsable
representing the propaganda in Spain.
 Rizal wrote to Del Pilar:
 “Scratches from a friend hurt more than wounds from
the enemy”
 Rizal returned to Biarritz and to Nelly Boustead.
Rizal and Nelly
El Filibusterismo
 Filibusterism; a word coined by Blumentritt.
 The book was dedicated to Gomburza who were
executed in 1872.
 Ibarra-Simoun
 If Noli Me Tangere is persuasive, El Filibusterismo is
dreadful.
 A need for revolution (no alternative)
 The ultimate warning to Spain.
 Rizal resigned from the La Solidaridad.
Impending Return to the Philippines
 A doctor in Hongkong
 Asked Basa to pay for a 1st class passage from Europe to
Hongkong.
 He moved to Ghent, Belgium where he shared
lodgings with Jose Alejandrino.
 To look for cheaper printing press for El Fili.
 Shortage of money for the publication.
 Valentin Ventura shoulders the remaining balance of
the entire publication.
 Rizal on his way home w/ 300 copies of “El
Filibusterismo”
 Warnings from friends not to return home.
 “ I must return to the Philippines. Life is becoming a
burden to me. I must give the example, not fearing death,
terrible though it is. Moreover many have been
murmuring against me, saying I am doing this and that
to the Filipinos. I have some secret enemies, and I wish to
go where I shall hear them no more. I have had enough of
my political enemies; I wish to have none inside the party.
I am going to meet my destiny. If I die, you will remain.
But life for me in Europe is impossible. Better to die than
to live wretchedly”.
 He sailed to the Philippines (Oct.18, 1891)
A doctor in Hongkong and
The Borneo project
 Project for a Filipino settlement in HongKong
 William Pryer
 One of the founders of Sandakan, Borneo.
 Rizal arrived in Hongkong (11/19/1891)
 Known as the “Spanish Doctor”
 Semi-family reunion
 Francisco, Paciano, Silvestre Ubaldo arrived in
Hongkong.
 Paciano & Ubaldo just escaped from Sulo Islands.
 The second arrest of Teodora Alonso
 Declaring her name improperly, using Alonso instead
Realonda de Rizal.
 Pardoned by the civil governor
 She arrived in Hongkong along w/ Lucia, Josefa, and
Trinidad.
 Draw a treaty between Filipino colony and the British
North Borneo Company.
 Protected by Great Britain.
 Gov. Gen. Weyler replaced by Gen. Eulogio Despujol.
 Opportunity to return home.
 A visit to Sandakan, Borneo (3/1892)
 The Governor disapproved the Borneo project.
 Rizal arrived in Manila (6/26/1892)
 Returning to the Philippines as the most famous man.
 Search every houses that he went.
 First meeting w/ Despujol about the safe return of
Francisco.
 Attended a gathering in Tondo (7/3/1892)
La Liga Filipina
 A secret society
 Battleground shifted from Spain to the Philippines.
 A large gathering composed of Intellectuals and
radicals….
 Andres Bonifacio
 Anti-friar documents and copies of El Filibusterismo
were found from the houses owned by the freemasons.
 Despujol confronted Rizal about anti-friar bills found
in his luggage from Hongkong after being searched in
his hotel.
 Rizal denied this allegations.
 Put Rizal a]under arrest
 Moved to Fort Santiago and treated w/ gentleness.
 Not allowed to write.
 Jesuit intervention
 Pablo Pastells
 Suggested that Rizal should be exiled to a remote
Jesuit town where persuade him to retract what he
wrote about the church.
 Despujol approved the deportatation of Rizal.
 Rizal boarded the steamship “Cebu” to Dapitan.
(7/14/1892)
 The end of the polical career of Jose and the LA Liga.
 Bonifacio and the Katipunan
Exile in Dapitan
 A remote town in Zamboanga peninsula.
 Welcomed by the Spanish politico-military
commandant and Jesuit Parish priest.
 Capt. Ricardo Carnicero.
 Fr. Antonio Obach
 Resided in the house of Carnicero.
 Considered the most Christian town in the
Philippines.
 Allowed to have visitors including family and friends.
 (Francisc0 Paula de Sanchez)
 Numerous attempt to help Rizal escaped from
Dapitan.
Achievements in Dapitan
 Rizal won a lottery (at last)
 He bought a land along the coast. (Talisay)
 Isolated land w/ nature as its best.
 Built houses w/ bamboo and nipa tree.
 He planted trees (Acacia)
 Studied Visayan dialect
 Tagalog dictionary
 Botanist and zoologist. (Rizali)
 New commandant in Juan Sitges.
 Despujol replaced by Gen. Ramon Blanco Y Erenas.
 Teodora Alonso’s visit (8/1893) Along w/ Narcisa
 Rizal enriched himself as a doctor in Dapitan.
 Exposed himself in different livelihood activities.
 Improved abaca production
 The used of fishnets in fishing.
 Set-up a school.
 introduced sports to students. (fencing,swimming,
boxing)
 CDU

NEGROS ISLAND CEBU

BOHOL

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
Rhacophorus rizali
 Sketches of Rizal in Dapitan
All photos taken from:
www.joserizal.info
www.joserizal.ph
www.flickr .com
He wrote Blanco appealing for freedom(2/1894)
Relocation to Luzon or even Spain.
Rizal becoming bored in Dapitan?
Perhaps he wanted something/somebody new in his life
Mi Corazon Josephine
 Adopted daughter of American George Taufer in
Hongkong.
 British/Irish-Chinese woman.
 Visited Dapitan along w/ George Taufer and Manuela
Orlac.
 Josephine became the caretaker of the aging Taufer.
 Along w/ half sister Sarah.
 Dapitan was the perfect love setting between Ms. J &
Joe.
 Torn between two gentlemen.
 She decided to break her promise to Jose and chose t0
be w/ her father saying goodbye to Jose.
 But saying goodbye it doesn't mean forever.
The return of Josephine and the question of
marriage
 Josephine returned to Dapitan.
 Rizal raised the question of marriage in the church.
 They can only accept the sacrament of marriage if
Rizal retracted. (church)
 Rizal took Josephine as his wife before God w/ out the
church.
 Josephine got pregnant, but she gave birth prematurely
and the child died.
 It was a boy..
 Rizal denounced by the priest in Dapitan.
To Cuba, a visit by a Katipunero, defects of the
Katipunan and the revolution.
 Rizal wrote to Blanco to volunteer as a doctor in Cuba.
 A visit by Dr. Pio Valenzuela
 Discourage revolution as premature.
 Low funds
 No specific qualifications of members to join the
Katipunan.
 The membership is mainly for the poor, no support
from the rich families.
 Goodbye Dapitan. (july, 1896)
The Trial
 Gen. Blanco discovered the Katipunan (August, 1896)
 The revolution began (August 30)
 Col. Francisco Olive as judge advocate.
 Charges against Rizal:
 Head of the Katipunan.
 Leader of the revolution.
 Evidences against Rizal:
 Letters prior to the formation of the Katipunan.
 Masonic documents
 A stanza of poem
 Speeches made by the members about Rizal.
 Pictures of Rizal found in meeting places.
 Battlecry “Rizal”
 Paciano tortured.
 Dominican sponsored Gen. Camilo Polavieja replaced
Gen. Blanco. (Dec. 13, 1896)
 Louis Taviel de Andrade became the counsel of Rizal.
 During the trial every word of the prosecutor sounds
conviction.
 The prosecutor connected Rizal as a leader of different
radical organization in which they couldn’t even name.
 Judgment was passed signed by Gen. Polavieja
ordering Rizal to be executed at Luneta.
Mi Ultimo Adios
 The Jesuits final attempt of retraction.
 Fr. Balaguer
 Fr. March
 Fr. Villaclara
 The Dominicans attempt of retraction.
 Rizal’s last poem “Mi Ultimo Adios”
 Rizal’s last wishes
 Face the firing squad.
 If shoot in the back, must shoot the body not the head.
 Rizal’s pulse was normal
 A Jesuit priest approached Rizal carrying a crucifix and
kiss.
 Farewell, my adored Land, region of the sun caressed,
Pearl of the Orient Sea, our Eden lost,
With gladness I give you my Life, sad and repressed;
And were it more brilliant, more fresh and at its best,
I would still give it to you for your welfare at most.

On the fields of battle, in the fury of fight,

Others give you their lives without pain or hesitancy,
The place does not matter: cypress laurel, lily white,
Scaffold, open field, conflict or martyrdom's site,
It is the same if asked by home and Country.
 I die as I see tints on the sky b'gin to show
And at last announce the day, after a gloomy night;
If you need a hue to dye your matutinal glow,
Pour my blood and at the right moment spread it so,
And gild it with a reflection of your nascent light!

My dreams, when scarcely a lad adolescent,

My dreams when already a youth, full of vigor to attain,
Were to see you, gem of the sea of the Orient,
Your dark eyes dry, smooth brow held to a high plane
Without frown, without wrinkles and of shame
without stain.
 My life's fancy, my ardent, passionate desire,
Hail! Cries out the soul to you, that will soon part from
thee;
Hail! How sweet 'tis to fall that fullness you may
acquire;
To die to give you life, 'neath your skies to expire,
And in your mystic land to sleep through eternity !

If over my tomb some day, you would see blow,

A simple humble flow'r amidst thick grasses,
Bring it up to your lips and kiss my soul so,
And under the cold tomb, I may feel on my brow,
Warmth of your breath, a whiff of your tenderness.
 Let the moon with soft, gentle light me descry,
Let the dawn send forth its fleeting, brilliant light,
In murmurs grave allow the wind to sigh,
And should a bird descend on my cross and alight,
Let the bird intone a song of peace o'er my site.

Let the burning sun the raindrops vaporize

And with my clamor behind return pure to the sky;
Let a friend shed tears over my early demise;
And on quiet afternoons when one prays for me on
high,
Pray too, oh, my Motherland, that in God may rest I.
 Pray thee for all the hapless who have died,
For all those who unequalled torments have
undergone;
For our poor mothers who in bitterness have cried;
For orphans, widows and captives to tortures were
shied,
And pray too that you may see you own redemption.

And when the dark night wraps the cemet'ry

And only the dead to vigil there are left alone,
Don't disturb their repose, don't disturb the mystery:
If you hear the sounds of cithern or psaltery,
It is I, dear Country, who, a song t'you intone.
 And when my grave by all is no more remembered,
With neither cross nor stone to mark its place,
Let it be plowed by man, with spade let it be scattered
And my ashes ere to nothingness are restored,
Let them turn to dust to cover your earthly space.

Then it doesn't matter that you should forget me:

Your atmosphere, your skies, your vales I'll sweep;
Vibrant and clear note to your ears I shall be:
Aroma, light, hues, murmur, song, moanings deep,
Constantly repeating the essence of the faith I keep.
 My idolized Country, for whom I most gravely pine,
Dear Philippines, to my last goodbye, oh, harken
There I leave all: my parents, loves of mine,
I'll go where there are no slaves, tyrants or hangmen
Where faith does not kill and where God alone does
reign.

Farewell, parents, brothers, beloved by me,

Friends of my childhood, in the home distressed;
Give thanks that now I rest from the wearisome day;
Farewell, sweet stranger, my friend, who brightened
my way;
Farewell, to all I love. To die is to rest.
I'll go where there are no slaves, tyrants or hangmen
Where faith does not kill and where God alone does reign.
GANGNAM
STYLE
THE CONTROVERSY
(
www.joserizal.info)

 There were four versions of the alleged retraction letter

of Jose Rizal which was published in these newspaper.
 1. la Voz Espanola (dec.30)
 2. Diario De Manila (dec.30)
 3. La Juventud (Feb.14, 1897)
 4.El Imparcial (dec. 31)

 How TRUE was the retraction?

 TEXT OF THE RETRACTION DOCUMENT  TEXT OF THE RETRACTION AS REPORTED
DISCOVERED BY FATHER GARCIA IN 1935 IN BY FATHER BALAGUER IN HIS NOTARIAL
THE ARCHIVES OF THE ARCHDIOCESE * ACT OF AUGUST 8, 1917 *
 
 Me declare católico y en esta Religion en que  Me declare católico y en esta religión en que
nací y me eduqué quiero vivir y morir. nací y me eduqué quiero vivir y morir. Me
retracto de todo corazon de cuanto en mis
 Me retracto de todo corazon de cuanto en mis
palabras, escritos, impresos y conducta ha
palabras, escritos, impresos y conducta ha
habido contrario a mi cualidad de hijo de la
habido contrario á mi cualidad de hijo de la
Iglesia. Creo y profeso cuanto ella enseña; y
Iglesia Católica. Creo y profeso cuanto ella
me someto á cuarto ella manda. Abomino de
enseña y me someto á cuarto ella manda.
la Masonería, como enemiga que es de la
Abomino de la Masoneria, como enemiga que
Iglesia, y como Sociedad prohibida por la
es de la Iglesia, y como sociedad prohibida por
misma Iglesia. Puede el Parelado diocesano,
la Iglesia. Puede el Parelado Diocesano, como
como Autoridad superior eclesiástica, hacer
Autoridad Superior Eclesiástica hacer pública
pública esta manifestación, espontánea mía
esta manifestación espontánea mia para
para reparar el escándalo que mis actos hayan
reparar el escándalo que mis actos hayan
podido causar y para que Dios y los hombres
podido causar y para que Dios y los hombres
me perdonen.
me perdonen.

 José Rizal
 Manila, 29 de Deciembre de 1896.
 El Jefe del Piquete El ayudante uplaze

 Juan del Fresno Eloy Moure
 Esta… retractación la firmaron con el Dr. Rizal,

el Sr. Fresno Jefe del Piquete y el señor Moure,
 * Based on a photostat of the Retraction in the Ayudantede la Plaza.
files of Rev. Manuel A. Garcia, C.M. seen by

this lecturer.
 * Cf. Gonazlo Ma. Piñana, Murió el Doctor
Rizal Cristianamente? (Barcelona: Editorial
Barcelonesa, S.A., 1920), p. 155
 I declare myself a Catholic and in this religion in
 I retract with all my heart whatever in my words,
 writings, publications and conduct has been contrary
 to my quality as a son of the Catholic Church.
 I believe and profess whatever she teaches and I
 submit myself to whatever she commands.
 I abominate Masonry, as the enemy that it is of the
 Church, and as a Society prohibited by the Church.
 The Diocesan Prelate can, as the Superior Ecclesiastical
 authority, make public this spontaneous manifestation
 of mine in order to repair the scandals the my acts have
 caused and so that God and the people
 may pardon me.
 a. The document of Retraction was
not made public until 1935. Even
members of the family did not see it. It
was said to be “lost.”
 b. No effort was made to save Rizal
from the death penalty after his signing
of the Retraction.
 c. Rizal’s burial was kept secret; he was buried
outside the inner wall of the Paco cemetery; and the
record of his burial was not placed on the page for
entries of Dec. 30th but on a special page where at least
one other admitted non-penitent is recorded (perhaps
others, the evidence is conflicting).
 It is asked by the defenders of the Retraction, how else
could an executed felon be treated? Perhaps the
ground outside the wall was sacred also or could have
been specially consecrated. To top the rebuttal, Rizal’s
“Christian Burial Certificate” was discovered on May
18, 1935 in the very same file with the Retraction
Document! The penmanship is admitted by all to be
by an amanuensis. Whether the signature is genuine
is open to question.
 d. There is no marriage certificate or public record of
the marriage of Rizal with Josephine Bracken. To say
that these were not needed is not very convincing.
 e. Finally, Rizal’s behavior as a whole during his last days
at Fort Santiago and during the last 24 hours in particular
does not point to a conversion. Whether written during
the last 24 hours or somewhat earlier, Rizal’s Ultima
[Ultimo] Adios does not suggest any change in Rizal’s
thought. The letters which Rizal wrote during his last
hours do not indicate conversion or even religious turmoil.
In the evening Rizal’s mother and sister Trinidad arrive and
nothing is said to them about the Retraction although
Father Balaguer claims that even in the afternoon Rizal’s
attitude was beginning to change and he was asking for the
formula of retraction. It is all well and good to point out
that all the above happened prior to the actual retraction.
A question is still present in the minds of many.
Teodora
Leonor sketch
Saturnina
Paciano
Narcisa
Olimpia
Lucia
Maria
Soledad
Trinidad
jm basa
Blumentrit and fmily
Universidad Central
O-Sei-San
Karl MArx
Gertrude Becket