See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/228525560

Analysis and interpretation of environment sequence models in Hassi R'Mel

Field in Algeria

Article  in  WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development · February 2009

CITATIONS READS

2 419

3 authors, including:

Baouche Rafik A. Nedjari

University M'Hamed Bougara of Boumerdes University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene
40 PUBLICATIONS   58 CITATIONS    43 PUBLICATIONS   78 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Modular dynamic Tool View project

Petrophysical Analysis in Reservoir Characterization – Application in the Triassic Hamra Gas Field, Algeria View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Baouche Rafik on 17 May 2014.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Analysis and interpretation of environment sequence models in

Hassi R’Mel Field in Algeria
R. BAOUCHE, * A. NEDJARI, ** and S.ELADJ*
*
Laboratory of the Physical Earth, University of Boumerdes, 2 Avenue of Independence,
Boumerdes, Algeria, r_baouche@yahoo.fr, Eladj_Said@yahoo.fr, .
**University of Sciences and Technology–Sedimentary Basins–FTSGAT, Algiers,
nedjaria@gmail.com.

Abstract

With a surface area of 400,000 km2, the Triassic Province in Algeria represents a vast Saharan
territory, in which significant hydrocarbon layers are exploited on the Triassic and Cambrian–
Ordovician levels. The Saharan Triassic consisted of varied continental environments,
namely, fluvial, flood plain, lake, Sebkha, and wind.
At the top of Formation I, the lower series of strata of the Triassic, there are intercalations of
volcanic rocks represented by dolerites. Sedimentation interspersed with periods of no
deposition is thought to have occurred during the Triassic continental; resulting in a
deposition of ground-level strata and the development of a more or less intense paedogenesis.
This paedogenesis is found at the origin of important unequal discontinuities which can be
used for sequential cutting and is also significantly influenced by climate. In such a context,
and during the periods of no deposition, physicochemical phenomena related to the climate
and type of bedrock occur, leading to the formation of a more or less advanced ground
related to the elapsed time between two phases of sedimentation; this phenomenon is known
as paedogenesis.
Formation II is characterized by the eruptive on the level of the lower member IIa at the base
and constituted primarily of dolerites but the roof is primarily by a channel in a fine sandy
filling. The member IIb is characterized by fluvial facies of channels prevailing and evolving
to the top in a complex of playa or evaporates. This complex is characterized by a negative
polarity at the bottom with a broad separation of the curves of neutron/density.
Formation III is characterized primarily by an evaporate facies of sebkha type halite which
separates by electro halite benches, with weak Gamma Ray and lower than 10 API. The sonic
signal is relatively constant around 70 µs/ft.
This work therefore attempts to refine the above models by using a well log-based modeling
approach (gamma ray, neutron, sonic, density and resistivity) to examine the evolution of
successions. The stratigraphy obtained using the results of faciologic analysis established for
this purpose on the level of the Hassi R’Mel field is also used.

Key Words: Reservoir characterization, paleosols, sequence environments, Triassic Province,

Sahara, Algeria.

ISSN: 1790-5095 38 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2

 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
1. Introduction
The Triassic formations of Hassi R’Mel
field In Algeria have been the subject of
several studies (Nedjari et al., 2002)
including faciologic and sequential
analysis. Using well log analysis, this
study aims to characterize, as a first step,
the succession order of the various facies
of the Triassic formations to help clarify
the environments under which the various
deposits were laid down. Applying the
results obtained from faciologic analysis
and the data records of available well log
analysis resulted in the definition of 8
facies at the level of the formations at
Hassi R’Mel wells: sandstone, shale sand,
slightly shale, dolomite, shale dolomite,
dolomite slight shale, and dolerite.
Triassic Succession Studies carried out
with FSTGAT (Laboratory of
Geodynamics of the Sedimentary Basins,
USTHB) showed that the sedimentation is
complex (Aît Ouali R. et al., 1996), arising
from varied continental environments: an
alluvial fan, evaporates, a fluvial system,
and a playa. Each environment can be
characterized (Miall, A.D., 2002) as
follows by a standard succession: fluvial,
flood plain, lake, wind and evaporates.
Interpreting the well log data also allowed
us to evaluate the petrophysical parameters
as porosity, permeability and shaliness of
the Triassic layers (second order
succession) in gas field of the Hassi R’Mel
gas field. This technique requires highly
sophisticated algorithms, giving results of
hydrocarbon fluid content (Abdelrahman,
E.M., et al, 2000) for a possible gas
analysis of gas production.
In this article, we present new regional
sequence stratigraphic framework that
links regional sedimentological (Gary J. et
al., 2003), tectonic and palaeogeographic
evolution to reservoir-scale facies
architecture. Our aim is to highlight the
added value of this integrated regional-
scale to reservoir-scale approach in
identifying near-field exploration potential
and additional recovery opportunities in
ISSN: 1790-5095
producing reservoirs. Based on this aim,
we emphasise the following points using
our sequence stratigraphic modelling : (1)
improved definition of deposition within
and between reservoirs, (2) development of
regionally sedimentological models
(Budding M.C. et al., 1981) for reservoir
intervals (the Hassi R’Mel Formations),
and (3) recognition of paleosols from well
log analysis (Taylor, A.M. et al., 1993) and
controls on reservoir architecture and their
links to the Triassic Province of Algeria.
2. Description of the Hassi R’Mel area
The Hassi R’Mel field is located in
Algeria, between the meridian lines 2°55
and 3°0 East and the parallels 33°15 and
33°45 North, approximately 50 km South
of Laghouat (Fig.1). It is located at an
altitude of about 760 m and extends 80 km
in a north–south direction and 60 km east–
west (Courel L., et al., 2000). The gas
discovery with condensate in the well of
Hrs-1 (Hamel, 1988), the excellent quality
of the tank and its apparent continuity
contributed to the development of
exploration in the area; other drillings were
thus established in the North of the field
(Bordj Nili; NL1 with NL5). The
sandstones reservoirs preserve their good
characteristics but are structurally lower,
therefore dry or invaded of water. Towards
the North-East, drillings Lg1, Ph1 and Pg1
revealed a deterioration of the quality of
the reservoir. It is the same in the South in
AF drillings.
The examination of the seismic profiles
was undertaken with the objective of a
stratigraphic seismic study, but
unfortunately on the one hand, the profiles
available are not adapted for such a study,
the seismic one used not having a
sufficient resolution and only the large
locatable markers being of this fact; other
share, the thick layer of salt covering the
Triassic formations attenuates the seismic
signals enormously crossing it.
The studied Field contains on average
eleven Wells. The main industry in the
39 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
area is primarily condensate gas; only
those wells drilled in the east of the Hassi
R’Mel structure found oil (Boudjema, A.,
1987).
This oil was discovered in 1956 by S.N.
Repal, but oil development began only in
1970.
3. Wells and well log data
The wells of South Hassi R’Mel were used
in this study: HRS-2, HRS-4, HRS-7,
HRS-8, HRS-9, HR-6b, HR-8, HR-10,
HR-11, HR-12 and HR-162. All surveys
were the subject of a cutting in formations
starting from the paedogenesis expressions
of the University of FTSGAT (Aît Ouali R.
et al., 1996).
a) Reports/ratios of the layers: work
completed by the geologists of Sonatrach
in connection with survey data.
b) Other sources of information such as
the information collected on the level of all
the bibliographies available (Zeggane F.,
Chikhi Z., USTHB, 2000).
c) The base of data used includes the
reports and ratios of analysis of Sonatrach
and the Center of Research and
development (CRD) and the results of the
student thesis of the FTSGAT of Bab
Ezzouar (USTHB), work of synthesis of
(Broquet P., Hamel A., 1991), and the
publications of Nedjari and Aît Ouali in the
Triassic province, as well as the results of
the work in the area of Zarzaîtine
(Hamouche B., 2006).
Wireline logs recorded in each of the
above wells are: Cement bond log,
Variable, Density Log, and Bore Hole
compensated Sonic, Casing collar Locater,
Litho–Density Tool, Compensated Neutron
Log, Laterolog, Gamma Ray, and
corrected Gamma Ray.
4. Methodoly
The methodology used in this study
consists of the use of a set of well log
available (Augier, C. 1980), primarily of
the principal classic well logs, namely the
ISSN: 1790-5095
total density of the rocks (Rhob), porosity
Neutron (Nphi), and sonic porosity (DT) as
well as the resistivities of the rock. The use
of Pef and spectral Gamma (U, Th, and K)
makes it possible to specify the nature of
lithology (Bourquin S. 1991). The
faciologic analysis out of matrix
complexes (according to Augier, 1980;
Tightened, 1988ä; Bourquin, 1990, 1991,
1993) can be carried out in two stages. The
first consists of the establishment of a litho
logical column starting from one or more
well of reference (where all the facies are
present). The second stage consists of the
use of suitable software for an automatic
semi treatment (PETROLOG, 2002). In the
case of this study, the objective is to
specify the nature of the environments of
deposits (Tightened, 1985b, 1986;
Bourquin, 1998) as well as the geometry of
the sandy bodies. The faciologic analysis,
carried out starting from the basic
conventional tools (Bourquin S. 1990,
1991, 1993), namely the density (Rhob), of
porosity neutron (Nphi), of the time of
course (DT), of the total radioactivity
(GR.) as well as photo electric factor Pef,
can integrate several facies of a electro
banc (Bourquin S. et al., 1990, 1993, 1996,
1998), in consequence of their weak
vertical resolution (30 to 50 cm).
The interpretation of spacing between the
two curves leads us to introduce the
concept of polarity of electrofacies, which
one can distinguish as follows:
Electrofacies with positive polarity, where
the density (Rhob) curve is on the right of
the neutron (Nphi) curve, can indicate the
presence of clay, anhydrite, or dolomites.
The type of lithology is then distinguished
by the values from the density (Rhob), Pef,
and GR.
Electrofacies has negative polarity, where
the density (Rhob) curve evolves on the
left of the neutron (Nphi) curve, indicating
the presence of sandy facies, gas, or halite.
Electrofacies which have a neutral polarity,
where the density (Rhob) curve overlaps
with the neutron (Nphi) curve, indicate
sandy facies.
40 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Well-log analysis is used to define
electrofacies associated with sedimentary
facies deduced from well log and core
analysis to infer electrofacies associations
and depositional environments directly
from well-logs. It is essential to use
complete sets of log data to identify and
correlate formations, especially in
continental environments. For example,
sandstones containing large amounts of
radioactive minerals (potash feldspar,
heavy minerals, etc.) may produce high
gamma-ray values similar to those
obtained from clays. Consequently, the use
of gamma-ray and sonic logs alone may
give rise to misinterpretations.
5. Facies and core analysis, thin blades
Within the South Hassi R’Mel Formation,
alternating fine-to-coarse continental
terrigenous facies with some interbedded
dolomites were observed (Fig.2). Ten main
facies are described: one clay facies, four
sandstone facies, three dolomite facies and
dolerite (Table 1). The facies survey
provides insight into depositional
processes on the basis of the sedimentary
structures and can be interpreted in terms
of hydrodynamic regimes (Simons et al.,
1965).
The study of the facies obtained from core
analysis, carried out on the level of the
Triassic formations of Southern Hassi R'
Mel, required the core analysis available at
the laboratory of Sonatrach (Algiers), and
combination of the differed well log data:
the Gamma Ray, the Neutron and the sonic
log, their fittings in sequences and their
vertical and side evolutions. The study of
the sedimentary figures observed in the
sediments, representing the hydrodynamic
and physical conditions of the medium of
sedimentation was also taken into account.
The facies met (Photo-2 of board 1) have
well Hrs-9, (Fig. 2) Interval: 2282 to
2286m), show:
a) Clean sandstones and argillaceous
sandstones at the base;
ISSN: 1790-5095
b) An argillaceous matrix on the level of
the sandstones, the base of the sequences;
A small percentage of cement in the
sandstones and absence of thorough
quartzification;
c) Importance of the sandstones compared
to clays in the series T1 – T2. The fluvial
series is characterized primarily by the
volume of sand they contain and the
natural resources which are associated
(water, oil, coal and loggings mineral.
Photograph – 2).
d) Red clays (Photo-1 of the Hrs-2
well, interval: 2263.5 with 2259.6m), in
centimetric layers with decimetric to
metric at the top of the sequences; this
aspect corresponds to a quite medium, on
the flood plain. Joints argillaceous,
centimetric, brown red, probably
corresponding to periods of decantation
during stops of currents; brown red clays
silto-sand spreaders in decimetre benches
on metric, pseudo-brecciated texture,
abundant in also at the end of the
sequences, thus marking periodize
draining. Photo –1.
e) Salt (saliferous) is presented in
massive benches, of pink colour, with
inter beds of clay grey black, sometimes
dolomitic; characterizing an evaporitic
sedimentation, lagunaire, under hot and
even arid climate; Clays with anhydrite,
grey black with dark or green grey dark,
injected anhydrite, characterizing a
sedimentation in edge of the evaporitic
salted lagoon, where the water section is
almost permanent, but under influence of
silico clastic ends coming from the
exondes grounds with flat relief. Photo –
3. Hrs-9. (Zeggane F and Chikhi Z,
USTHB, 2000).
6. Characterization of environments
The studies carried out by the students of
FSTGAT (USTHB) concerning the
Triassic sequences showed that the
sedimentation is very complex but made of
various continental-type environments,
ranging from the alluvial fan to the
41 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
evaporates (Sebkha), while passing by the
fluvial cone and the playa. Each
environment can be characterized by a
standard sequence (Nedjari A., 1998),
(Fig.3), consisting of the following models:
6.1-The evaporate sequence, which is
characterized by a desert environment and
made up of red argillaceous deposits, with
nodules of anhydrite and of gypsum
testifying to an arid climate of the time
with many enterolithic structures and
"chicken wire." Discontinuity, related to
the pedogenesis is expressed by gypsies’
crusts and sand pink (Fig.3.1) as it also
characterizes these sequences.
6.2-The fluvial sequence, which generally
consists of sequences of channels with a
decimeter thickness to metric (Fig.3.2).
The braid sequence, which is characterized
partly by fluvial environment braids
(Fig.3.2) and made up of sandy shale
deposits evolving in a sinuous
environment.
6.3-The meanders sequence, which is
characterized by an environment of fluvial-
type meanders and consists of sand toward
the base and argillaceous deposits toward
the top of the sequence. The sequence is
positive (Fig.3.3).
6.4-The sequence of river and lake
environment, for which the material
composition is generally fine: clays,
quartz, iron oxide, carbonates, gypsum,
and anhydrite, which the pedogenesis
modifies more or less intensely (Fig.3.4).
6.5-The detrital volcano sequence, which is
related to volcanic castings and primarily
made up of volcanic rock, such as dolerite
or basalt (Fig.3.5).
6.6-The alluvial fan sequence, which is
generally represented at the base by
conglomeratic deposits, alternating with
sandy deposits (Fig.3.6).
7. Well log responses
The combination of the various well log
data gives access to the facies through the
concept of the electrofacies (Serra et al.,
1985a; 1985b; 1986; 1987b).
ISSN: 1790-5095
The sandy shale series of Hassi R’Mel
formations crossed by the wells-Hrs-7,
Hrs-9, and Hr-12, could be thus interpreted
starting from the well log in the following
way:
The deposits of channels and bars of
tighten point if they are the fining-up or
cylindrical type (Bourquin et al, 1996).
(Fig.4).
The deposits of bars of channel are usually
coarsening-up, whereas the saliferous one
and/or shale-saliferous is of the cylindrical
type.
8. Depositional environment at the Hassi
R’Mel during the Triassic
The sedimentation in the area of Hassi
R’Mel Southern Triassic was continental
because of the climate and the structural
context. This sedimentation begins with
over wash phases, fluvial energy (braid,
meander, and floodplain), and the worms
of the saliferous deposits of evaporates
under an arid and hot climate.
The succession of the various formations
is intersected by more or less long episodes
of magmatic eruptions, which gave more
or less thick sequences of eruptive rocks
because of the fallen-through phase of
rifting that touched the entire Saharan
platform during the phase (Nedjari et al.,
2002). During the Hassi R’Mel Southern
Triassic, the study of the Triassic filling
allowed us to recognize several models of
sequences (Fig.4).of various scales, in
particular of the second, third, and fourth
order. The analysis of the facies and
electro facies as well as the vertical
evolution of the stratigraphic units and the
analysis of their vertical fitting, made it
possible to establish the side variation of
the facies. Cutting in stratigraphic units
and the litho stratigraphic models
established from the well log and of the
results of thin blades available make it
possible to see that sedimentation during
Triassic of fluvial type, playa and
evaporates was intersected with periods
with non deposit, which supported the
42 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
development of a more or less intense
paedogenesis and constitutes
discontinuities of unequal importance. It
will be used for a scalarized sequential
cutting (Vail, P.R., 1977) principle, the
lithography sequences correspond to
sequences of environment, to members or
formations of order 3°, 4° and like with
sequences of 5° order.
9. Electrofacies
The analysis of the electric signatures (Fig.
5) of the wells on the scale of the Hassi
R’Mel field made it possible to highlight 9
electrofacies, which are shown in Table 1.
The sandstones have a negative polarity,
with an average spacing of the Rhob–Nphi
curves, strong densities and resistivities,
and low-porosity neutrons. They are
located near the pole for quartz in the
various diagrams.
1. The sandstones with slight shale
content, with a negative or positive polarity
(Rhob curve evolving on the right of the
Nphi curve) and a weak spacing of the
Rhob–Nphi curves. They are deviated from
the right-hand side of the sandstones (or
the quartz pole) to the right-hand side
direction of the dolomite (or of the
dolomite pole).
2. The argillaceous sandstones, with
positive polarity and weak spacing with
means of the Rhob–Nphi curves, are
characterized in general by a radioactivity
higher than that of the sandstones and are
deviated toward clay pole close to the
theoretical pole (Illite).
3. Dolomites, with positive polarity, are
positioned on the line of dolomites and the
dolomite pole according to the diagrams.
Their radioactivity is lower than 40 API.
4. Sandy shale dolomites, with positive
polarity, have points deviated in the
direction of the quartz pole or line of the
sandstones and a natural radioactivity that
could be high-up to 150 API.
5. Shale dolomites, with increased
radioactivity, can have a GR lower than
that of sandy dolomites and are represented
ISSN: 1790-5095
by electrofacies with positive polarity with
a great spacing of the Rhob–Nphi curves.
Their points are deviated toward the pole
clay.
6. Sandy shale dolomites slightly, with
increased radioactivity, can have a GR
lower than sandy dolomites and are
represented by electrofacies with positive
polarity with a great spacing of the Rhob–
Nphi curves. Their points are deviated
toward the clay pole.
7. Sandy dolomite shale with shale sand
has a positive polarity and an average
spacing of the Rhob–Nphi curves are
average or high. They are located in the
triangulation of dolomite clay sandstone.
8. Shale facies are characterized by high
radioactivities, greater than 90 API, electro
facies with positive polarity, and a large
spacing between the density and neutron
showed from the cross plot Rhob vs, Nphi
(Fig.6). The Sandy or dolomite clays are
characterized by pointed deviation showed
from the pole clay toward the sandstone
pole or dolomite.
9. The dolerite facies are characterized by
electro facies with positive polarity, similar
to shale dolomite with a higher gamma ray
cut off. The analysis of the electro
sequences of the wells of Hassi R’Mel
showed several interesting findings.
Fluvial system.
a. Fluvial system
• Fluvial bars of channel meanders (Hrs-
12) have a negative polarity with a rather
broad spacing depending, however, on the
content of matrix clay and are
characterized by the following: 13<GR<45
(API), 58<DT<82 (μs/ft), 2.28<Rhob<2.60
(g/cc). (Fig.4.2).
• The sandy bars of the type found in the
braid are present primarily at the level of
the formation II (Hrs-7), (Fig.4.2 and 4.3),
which is generally with sandy prevalence
with intercalation of clay benches with low
thicknesses. They have a negative polarity,
with a great spacing neutron/density that is
connected to the matrix fraction clay and
43 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
whose well log responses are characterized
by the following: 37<GR<91 (API),
64<DT<92 (µs/ft), 0.06<Nphi<12 and
resistivities varying from 2 to 8 Ohm/m.
b. Floodplain
In the floodplain, sedimentation is
represented primarily by clays, because of
a weak hydro dynamism and with a slope
that is almost neutral. The traces of roots as
well as the desiccation are elements that
one generally finds, and paedogenesis is
expressed there by slickenslides,
marmorizations, the simple and complex
paedogenesis nodules, and sometimes
carbonated encrusting (Fig.5). They have a
negative polarity, with a great spacing
neutron/density that is connected to the
matrix fraction clay and whose well log
responses are characterized by the
following: 92<GR<133 (API),
66<DT<100 (µs/ft), 0.18<Nphi<36, and
resistivity varying from 2 to 33 Ohm/m.
These types of environment are
characteristic primarily on the level of the
wells (Fig.3 and Fig. 4).
c. Lacustrine
Lake environments are characteristic
primarily on the level of the wells (Fig.3.4
and Fig.4.4). They have a negative
polarity, with a great spacing
neutron/density that is connected to the
matrix clay fraction and whose well log
responses are characterized by the
following: 36<GR<117 (API),
70<DT<100 (µs/ft), 0.12<Nphi<0.23, and
resistivity varying from 1 to 3.5 Ohm/m.
d. Evaporates (Sebkha)
Sebkha facies correspond to evaporates of
the coastal plain and are of the halite type
according to the cross plot of neutron vs
density (Fig.3.1 and Fig.4.1). In these
media of sedimentation, the sequences
observed are characterized by marine brine
arrivals and then decantation of evaporates
ISSN: 1790-5095
(Bourquin et al., 1996). They are metric
with plural metric and appear to be formed
of a clay–salt–clay succession, which
represents an evolution of increasing strata.
These units are dated Rhetian and observed
on the scale of punt Saharan forms. The
halite electro banks exhibit a negative
polarity, with a great spacing
neutron/density that is connected to the
matrix fraction clay and whose well log
responses are characterized by the
following: 5<GR<50 (API), 68<Dt<84
(µs/ft), –0.009<Nphi<0.06, and resistivities
greater than 6000 Ohm/m. These
formations indicate an arid and hot climate.
e. Wind
Wind is not easily detectable by the well
log data. It is, however, visible only with
the level of the results of the thin blades.
An example is visible with the level of the
Hrs-4 well, where wind quartz was found
on thin blades (Fig.7, core n°4; depth, 2156
m).
10. Results and analysis
The analysis and the interpretation of the
Triassic electro sequences of Hassi R’Mel
are based on an identification of the
electrofacies such as their grouping in
sequences (Nedjari 1998), the sedimentary
type of succession, the lithological drift of
the benches and interbenches, as well as
the identified involvement of the deltaic
plain, which are cylindrical on the training
level II (channels). In Fig.3, Well HRS-7
represents the types of identified
cylindrical electro sequences on II and the
type training level in braids. The types of
sequence identified on the levels of this
well correspond to sequences of
environment (Fig.5), the third order with
the following members: (1) channels, (2)
bars, (3) clays, (o) pedogenesis nodules, of
marmorizations, the traces of roots and
encrusting; their well log characteristics
are GR (API) < 45; –0.04<Phin<0.096;
2.28<Rhob<2.60; 59<Dt<82; and Rt<230
Ohm/m.
44 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
In Fig.2, Well HRS-9 represents the types
of identified electro sequences that are
cylindrical on the training level II
(channels). The sequences of the second
order correspond to sequences of
environment of second order, and the third
order corresponds to members. Their well
log characteristics vary as follows:
33<GR<7; 0.00<Phin<0.03;
2.33<Rhob<2.6; 59<DT<65.
In Fig.3, the well HRS-7 represents the
types of identified electro sequences that
are cylindrical on the training level II, and
one can identify sequences similar to those
of the well Hrs-9 (channels). Sequences of
environment of the meanders type can be
met on the training level II with a type of
environment in braid at the base of
formation I.
In Fig.3, Well HRS-7 represents the types
of identified electro sequences that are
cylindrical on the training level II, of the
meander type. With the base of formation
II, one can identify the dolerite
representing the paleosols at the base of
formation II, which is representative of the
major discontinuity with the roof of
formation I.
From these cross sections (Fig. 8), we can
see that:
¾ Significant thicknesses variations are to
be noticed on the level of this profile,
which appears by a significant reduction in
formations I and II starting from the Hrs-
10 well towards the Hrs-11 well. These
reductions are especially very significant
on the level of the center profile, on the
level of the Hrs-4 well where the structure
could translate a "Horst ".
¾ Formation I is with dominant shale on
the level of Hrs-10 and its evolves to a
sandy shale facies with probably good
reservoirs qualities towards that of the Hrs-
11 survey, except for the well Hrs- 4
which presents at its base an argillaceous
facies.
¾ The thickness of the evaporate series
also decreases starting from the Hrs-10
survey (NE) towards Hrs-4 and begins
again in increase towards the Hrs-11 well.
ISSN: 1790-5095
In Fig.7, Well HRS-7 represents the results
of the thin blades according to the well log
characteristics of each sequence of
environment (Zeggane F., Chikhi Z.,
USTHB, 2000):
a. Red marmorization rusts at a depth of
2200m;
b. Gyps Crete at the depth of 2158 m;
c. Desiccation filled with crystal quartz at
a depth of 2151.5 m;
d. Argilane at the coast at a depth of
2144.5 m;
e. Bimazepism, corresponding to the
reorientation of argillaceous minerals at a
depth of 2166.5m;
f. Burst quartz at a depth of 2153 m;
g. Simple pedogenesis nodules at a depth
of 2150 m;
h. Complex pedogenesis nodules at a
depth of 2158 m;
i. Brechifications at a depth of 2157.5 m;
j. Dolerite at a depth of 2157.5 m.
11. Conclusion
Detailed analysis of the well log responses
obtained at the level of the intervals shows
that the intervals at paleosols have
particular well log characteristics that
enable us to find them in other non cored
surveys. These well log characteristics are
as follows:
Radioactivity GR, varying from 30 to 116
(API); resistivity (Rt), very weak and
varying from 1.0 to 10 Ohm/m; total
density Rhob, varying from 2.34 to 2.67
G/DC; porosity Phin neutron, varying from
12% to 32%; sonic DT, varying from 74 to
92 (µs/ft).
Applying these results to the level of other
wells, such as Hrs-2, Hrs-4, Hrs-7, Hrs-9,
Hrs-12, and Hrs-162, made it possible to
detect the places with paleosols starting
from the well log recordings available and
to make a sequential cutting in formations
I, II, and III.
Formation I (corresponding to the lower
series) is characteristic of meander-type
fluvial structures, distal where a fine and
argillaceous material dominates. The entire
45 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
sedimentary structure of formation II was
formed in a fluvial system in braid, with
dominant sandy composition and all the
reservoirs of Hassi R’Mel, representing a
localized oil interest. These reservoirs are
located in sandy, arranged levels in a
complex way and present a tabular
geometry in layers of great extension,
limited to the wall by impermeable
argillaceous levels a the top of formation
III of the shale-saliferous series (S4)
limited to the top by the reference mark
“D2”, which is dated “Lias” and at the
base by the Hercynian discordance.
The well log responses of the paleosols to
the roof of the formations of the Hrs-9 well
can be summarized as follows:
Formation III: 24<GR<75; 9<Rt<160;
2.50<Rhob<2.75; 0.30<Phin<0.08;
57<Dt<93.
Formation II: 33<GR<95; 0.14<Phin<0.33;
2.33<Rhob<2.60; 70<DT<87.
Formation I: 40<GR<80; 4<Rt<13;
2.57<Rhob<2.46; 0.16<Phin<0.20;
75<Dt<86.
Finally, changes of facies and thicknesses
affect these levels layers characterized by
variabilities, in petrophysical terms that are
more or less significant. To this end, in
future, the prospect researches must be
centered mainly with the Formations II
which prove to be sandy or shaly sandy.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Professor
Ahmed Nedjari for providing the data set
used for this research study and correcting
this manuscript. We remain grateful to
Digital Formation for their software
support and to Geosciences Rennes1 for
her technical advice during the training
course studies. Our gratitude goes to
Bourquin Sylvie (Sedimentary basins of
Geosciences Rennes1) for his assistance
during the well-log evaluation. The work
reported in this paper was funded by The
University of Bab Ezzouar in Algiers at
Sedimentary basins Research.
ISSN: 1790-5095
References:
[1] Abdelrahman, E.M., Kamel,
M.H.,Bayoumi, M.A., 2000. QPSET:
a program for computing reservoir
parameters in marginal hydrocarbon
zones. Application to the Rudeis
section, Gulf of Suez Basin, Egypt.
Petrophysics (formerly the Log
Analysts) 41 (2), 148– 159 (March–
April).
[2] Augier, C. 1980. Complex well log
and matrices. First part: analyze
faciologic. Report/ratio interne Elf
Aquitaine.
[3] Aît Ouali R., Nedjari A., 1996. The
Saharan Triassic province. 20 years of
geological information: critical
assessment and reflexions. Bulletin of
the Geological Service of Algeria, 7
(2) (1996) 211–228.
[4] Boudjema, A., 1987. Structural
evolution of the oil basin "Triassic" of
the Eastern northern Sahara (Algeria)
Thesis of doctorate, Univ. Paris-South.
Hundred. Orsay, pp. 279, 1987.
[5] Budding, M.C. and Inglin, H.F., 1981.
A reservoir geological model of the
Brent Sands in southern Cormorant.
In: Illing, V. and Hobson, G.D.,
Editors, 1981. Petroleum geology of
the continental shelf of north-west
Europe, Institute of Petroleum,
London, pp. 326–334.
[6] Bourquin, S., 1991. Analyze facio-
sequential by well log mid-west of the
basin of Paris: contributions with the
reconstitution of the environment of
deposit. Thesis University Nancy I,
215 p., 72 fig. 6.
[7] Bourquin, S., Boehm, C., Clermonte,
J., Durand, M. and Serra, O., 1993.
Faciologic and sequential analysis of
Sorted mid-west of the Basin of Paris
starting from the well log data.
Bulletin of the Geological Company of
France, 2. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., t. 164,
2, pp. 177-188, 12 Fig.pp.
[8] Bourquin, S. and Guillocheau, F.,
1996. Keuper stratigraphic cycles in
46 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
the Paris Basin and comparison with
cycles in other Peritethyan basins
(German Basin and the Bresse-Jura
Basin). Sedimentary geology, 105:
159–182.
[9] Broquet P., Hamel A., 1991. Triassic
sandstones of the gas layer of Hassi
R'Mel (Algeria). Stratigraphic,
sediment logical, paleo geographic
context and application of thermo
luminescence [Triassic sandstone of
Hassi R' Mel gas field (Algeria).
Stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleo
geography and thermo luminescence
applications]. Bull. Ploughshare.
Geol. Fr. 162 (3) (1991) 563-573.
[10] Courel L., Ait Salem H., Ben Ismail
H., El Mostaine M., Fekirine B.,
Kamoun F., Mami L., Oujidi M.,
Soussi M., 2000. An overview of the
epicontinental, Triassic series of the
Maghreb (NW Africa). In: G. H.
Bachmann and Ian Lerche (eds.)
(2000). An overview of the
epicontinental Triassic series of
Maghreb (N-W Africa). In Bachmann
G.H & Lerche I. (eds): Epicontinental
Triassic. Zbl. Geol. Päont., tome 2, 9-
10 (1998), 1145-1166.
[11] Gary J., Hampson, Peter J. Sixsmith
and Howard D. Johnson. 2003. A
sedimentological approach to refining
reservoir architecture in a mature
hydrocarbon province: the Brent
Province, UK North Sea.
[12] Hamouche B., 2006. Safeguarding of
the fluvial systems of Sorted Algerian:
impact of the climate and the
deformation. In: 10th French congress
of Sedimentology, October 11-13,
2005, Giens, Delivers summaries, Oral
Communication. Géosciences de
Rennes1, 2006.
[13] Homewood, P., Guillocheau, F.,
Eschard, R. and Cross, T.A., 1992.
Corrélations haute résolution et
stratigraphie génétique: une démarche
intégrée. Bull. Cent. Rech. Explor.-
Prod. Elf-Aquitaine 16, pp. 357–381.
ISSN: 1790-5095
[14] Miall, A.D., 2002. Architecture and
sequence stratigraphy of Pleistocene
fluvial systems in the Malay Basin
based on seismic time slice analysis.
AAPG Bulletin, 86: 1201-1216.
[15] Nedjari, A., Ait Ouali R., Delfaud J.,
2002. Sorted basins Saharan and
atlassic Algerian: development and
news approaches. [Triassic of the
Algerian Atlassic and Saharan basins:
check not and new approach]. In:
Stratigraphy of Algeria: Contributions
and developments; Csa, SGA (Eds).
Memories of the Geological Service of
Algeria 11 (2002) 87–113.
[16] Nedjari A., 1998. Litho sequences and
3° electro sequences in the
carboniferous one of the basin of
Abadla: comparison of the models and
interpretations. Bullet in Geological
Service of Algeria, vol. 9, n°1, January
1998, pp. 69–79.
[17] Petrolog, 2002. Advanced Log
Analysis Software. V .10. Crocker
data processing. Petroleum House.
WA 6102, Australia.
[18] Serra, O. 1985a. Differed well log,
bases interpretation. Volume 2,
interpretation of the well log data, 7.
Bull. Centers rech.Explor.-Prod.Elf-
Aquitaine, Mém. Pau, 631 pp.
[19] Serra, O. 1985b. Sedimentary
environment from wireline logs.
Schlumberger, 211 pp.
[20] Serra, O. 1986. Differed well log: their
use in Sedimentary geology. Bull.
Centers rech. Expl-Prod. Elf
Aquitaine, 10: 205-227.
[21] Schlumberger, 1987b. Collection of
Charts of interpretation of the well
logs France (Paris).
[22] Taylor, A.M. and Gawthorpe, R.L.,
1993. Application of sequence
stratigraphy and trace fossil analysis to
reservoir description: Examples from
the Jurassic of the North Sea. In:
Parker, J.R., Editor, 1993. Petroleum
Geology of Northwest Europe:
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference,
47 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2
 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY SAVING, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Geological Society of London, pp.
317–336.
[23] Vail, P.R., Mitchum, R.M., Todd,
R.G., Widmier, J.M., Thompson, S.I.,
Sangree, J.B., Bubb, J.N. and Hatlelid,
W.G. 1977. Seismic stratigraphy and
global changes of Sea-level. In:
Seismic stratigraphy - applications to
hydrocarbon exploration (Ed C.E.
Payton), 26, pp. 49-212. Am. Assoc.
Petrol. Geol. Mem.
[24] Zeggane F., Chikhi Z., USTHB, 2000.
Sedimentopedogenetic study of Hassi
R'Mel Southern (Western Province)
and characterization of the mediums of
deposits. Triassic sequences A, B and
C.Algiers.
Figure captions
Figure.1: Field location of Hassi R’Mel
(ALGERIA).
Figure. 2: Core Photos for the Wells: HRS-
2 and 9 (memories of engineers: Zeggane
F. and Chikhi Z., 2000).
Figure. 3: Models of second, third, and
fourth sequences order of Hassi R’Mel:
Well Hrs-9
Figure. 4: Sequences of deposits Well Hrs-
7;
Core-A: Average sandstones at ends at
gullying bases. Clays rusts much
marmorized and dolomitized with traces of
roots and desiccations. The end is
underlined by a dolerite of 4m.
Core-B: Eruptive rocks. Dolerites of color
green-gray rust (oxyzed). Filons of
anhydrites, varied aspect by place. At the
top of the dolerites. Paleosol of 5m with
green marmorizations and red rust traces of
ISSN: 1790-5095
View publication stats
roots, desiccations, nodules dolomitic, size
ml to dcm.
Core-C: Sandy shale. Reduction in clays to
the benefit of the sandstones. Dolomite,
marmorizations, desiccation, small levels.
Core-D: Sandy shale. Marmorizations,
traces of roots with fine-grained dolomite
crust.
Figure. 4.1: Sequences of evaporates
(sebkha): Well Hrs- 7.
Figure. 4.2: Sequences of fluvial deposits:
Well Hrs-7.
Figure. 4.3: Sequences of braid sequences:
Well HRS-7.
Figure. 4.4: Electro sequences of the river
environments - lake: Well Hrs-7.
Figure. 4.5: Sequences of the volcano-
detrital series: Well HRS-7.
Figure. 4.6: Sequence of cone alluvial
deposits: Well HRS-7.
Figure. 5: Electro sequences of the river
environments-lake: Well Hrs-7 (1):
Channel; (2): Bars; (3): Pedogenetic
nodules.
Figure. 6: Lithology determination from
cross plots LDT-CNL and LDT-
BHC.HRS-7.
Figure.7: The electrofacies and lithology
resulting from faciologic analysis and log
responses: Well HRS-7.
Figure. 8: Cross sections of Triassic
Formations of Hassi R’Mel Field. Bore
holes: HRS- HRS-10, HRS-6, HRS-4 and
HRS-11.
Table captions
Table. 1: Hassi R’Mel facies well log
responses.
48 ISBN: 978-960-474-093-2