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11th CIRP Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems

11th CIRP Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems
A Scenario Interaction-centered Conceptual Information Model for UX
A Scenario Design
Interaction-centered
28th CIRP Design Conference,
of User-oriented ConceptualMay 2018,Information
Product-service Nantes, France Model for UX
System
Design of User-oriented Product-service System
A new methodology
Yuanfa Donga*,toRongzhen
analyzeZhu the a functional
, Qihua Tiana, Wenrong and physical Liua, Weiarchitecture
Penga of
existing products for
Yuanfa Dong a
an assembly
*, Rongzhen oriented
Zhua, Qihua Tianaproduct
, Wenrongfamily Liua, Weiidentification
China Three Gorges University, No.8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
a
Penga
a
China Three Gorges University, No.8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
Paul Stief fax:
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-18571035411; *, Jean-Yves
+86-07176397559.Dantan, Alain
E-mail address: Etienne, Ali Siadat
d828891@163.com
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-18571035411; fax: +86-07176397559. E-mail address: d828891@163.com
École Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et Métiers, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LCFC EA 4495, 4 Rue Augustin Fresnel, Metz 57078, France

*Abstract
Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 3 87 37 54 30; E-mail address: paul.stief@ensam.eu
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers are no longer merely satisfied with functional use of products. They are seeking for a kind of comprehensive experience
which combines
Nowadays, multisensory
consumers factorsmerely
are no longer and takes the product-service
satisfied with functional system
use of(PSS) as theThey
products. carrier.
are Due to the
seeking forlack of key
a kind information affecting
of comprehensive user
experience
Abstract
experience (UX)multisensory
which combines such as target users’and
factors persona, PSS
takes the scenarios, interaction
product-service sequence
system (PSS) and
as the modality,
carrier. Due tothethe
traditional
lack of key product conceptaffecting
information information
user
model cannot
experience effectively
(UX) such as support UX-centered
target users’ persona,PSSPSSdevelopment activities. sequence
scenarios, interaction In this respect, first, the process
and modality, of UX formation
the traditional and its information
product concept influencing
Inmodel
today’s
factors business
were
cannot environment,
analyzed.
effectively Second,
supportthethe trend towards
PSS more
object-oriented
UX-centered and product activities.
semantic
development variety and
network In customization
methods is unbroken.
were employed
this respect, first, Due to this
to characterize
the process of UX thedevelopment,
meta-design
formation the need of
and its information
influencing
agile andto
related
factors reconfigurable
UX,analyzed.
were production
a Meta scenario
Second, systems emerged
interaction-centered
the object-oriented andtosemantic
model cope with
was proposed.various
network Thenproducts
the seven
methods andlayers
were product families.
structure
employed To design
scenario
to characterize the and optimize information
interaction-centered
meta-design production
conceptual
systems
related asUX,
information
to wella as
model to
Metato choose
scenariothe
support UX optimal
design ofproduct
PSS was
interaction-centered matches, product
constructed.
model was analysis
Thenmethods
It incorporates
proposed. thethe are
semantic
seven needed.
layers networkIndeed,
structure itsmost
asscenario of theis known
basisinteraction-centered
and methods
particularly aim for
suitable to
conceptual
analyze a product
characterizing
information modelorto
dynamicone product
support UXfamily
Interactive onofthe
behaviors.
design physical
PSSFinally, alevel. Different
prototype
was constructed. product
Itmodeling families,
system
incorporates however,
for user-oriented
the semantic mayPSS
network differ
as largely
itsdesign
basis inisterms
concept
and wasofdeveloped
the number
particularly and
based
suitable for
nature of components.
on Neo4j graphdynamic
characterizing databaseThisandfact
Interactiveimpedes
a sweeping an efficient
robot
behaviors. Finally, comparison
PSS conceptual
a prototype and choice
modeling
modeling of appropriate
casesystem
was introduced product
to
for user-orientedanalyze family
PSS combinations
thedesign
application
concept fordeveloped
prospect
was the production
of this model.
based
system.
on Neo4jA new
graphmethodology
database andisa proposed
sweepingto analyze
robot PSS existing
conceptualproducts
modelingin view
caseof their
was functional
introduced to and physical
analyze architecture.
the application The aim
prospect of is to model.
this cluster
these
© productsAuthors.
in new assembly
Publishedoriented product
B.V.families for the optimization of existing assembly lines and the creation of future reconfigurable
© 2019
2019 The
The Authors. Published by Elsevier
by Elsevier B.V.
assembly
© 2019 systems.
Peer-review
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by Flow
the Chain,
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Elsevier
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11th11th ofCIRP
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under responsibility of Moreover, a hybrid
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of the 11th architecture
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Systems.
similarity
Keywords:between product Model;
PSS; Information families byExperience
User providingDesign;
designScenario
supportInteraction;
to both, Semantic
production system
network; planners
Concept and product designers. An illustrative
Design
example of PSS;
Keywords: a nail-clipper
Information is Model;
used toUser
explain the proposed
Experience methodology.
Design; Scenario An industrial
Interaction; case study
Semantic network; on two
Concept product families of steering columns of
Design
thyssenkrupp Presta France is then carried out to give a first industrial evaluation of the proposed approach.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
1. Introduction
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 28th CIRP empowerment,
Design Conference individualization
2018. of services, community
1. Introduction feeling,
empowerment, service involvement, of product
individualization ownership,
services, community
As human
Keywords: society
Assembly; Designgradually entered
method; Family the era of Experience
identification individual/shared
feeling, serviceexperience and continuous
involvement, product growth.ownership,
Kaasinen,
Economy,
As humanconsumers are no longer
society gradually enteredmerely
the era satisfied
of Experiencewith Roto, Hakulinen, experience
individual/shared Heimonen,and Jokinen,
continuousKarvonen,
growth.Keskinen,
Kaasinen,
functional consumers
Economy, use of products.are no longerThey merely
are seeking
satisfiedforwitha Koskinen,
Roto, Lu andHeimonen,
Hakulinen, SaariluomaJokinen,
[7] proposed
Karvonen, fiveKeskinen,
different
comprehensive
functional use experience
of products. through
They multisensory
are seekingchannels for a approaches Lu
Koskinen, to acquiring
and Saariluomainsight and[7] inspiration
proposed five for UX goal
different
1.comprehensive
Introduction
based on productexperience
carriers[1].through
Due to the growing problem
multisensory channelsof of the product
setting.
approaches to range
Sinclair,
acquiring and insight
characteristics
Sheldrick, Moreno manufactured
and Dewberry
and inspiration for UXand/or [8]
goal
homogeneity
based on product of consumer
carriers[1].electromechanical
Due to the growing product,
problem more
of assembled
introduces in
thethis
setting. Sinclair, system.
concept of In
Sheldrick, this Moreno
Consumer context, the
andmain
Intervention challenge
Mapping
Dewberry in
as[8]
a
andDue to the
more companies
homogeneity fast
of consumer development
beginelectromechanical in
to focus on product the domain
or service
product, of
more modelling
tool for
introduces and
creating
the analysis
future
concept ofis now
product
Consumer not only
strategies. toThe
Intervention copetoolwith single
visualizes
Mapping as a
communication
innovation[2] andand an
user ongoing
experience trend
in order
and more companies begin to focus on product or service of
to digitization
win competition and products,
the
tool points
for a limited
within
creating a product
futureproduct’s range
product or
lifecycle existing
where
strategies. Theproduct families,
stakeholders
tool visualizes are
digitalization,
in the market manufacturing
innovation[2] [3, 4].
and userOne enterprises
method
experience oforder
in aretothis
doing facing important
winiscompetition
to include but
ablealso
the to be
to intervene
points ableinatothe
within analyze
product’s and
product’s to compare
expected
lifecycle where products
journey. to define
Zheng,
stakeholders Lin,
are
challenges
services
in in the
with
the market today’s
[3, smart
4]. Onemarket
products
method environments:
by employing
of doing thisaisa continuing
variety
to includeof new
Chenproduct
able toand Xufamilies.
intervene[2] in theItproduct’s
provided cana novel
be observed
definition
expected that ofclassical
journey.Smart Zheng,existing
PSS, and
Lin,
tendency
emergingtowards
services thereduction
information
with smart of product
technologies
products development
(Internet
by employingof Things, times and
Cyber-
a variety of proposes
Chen
product and a systematic
Xu
families[2]are
provided design
regroupeda novel framework
definition
in function of for
Smart
of clients its
orPSS, service
and
features.
Physical product
shortened
emerging System, Cloud
lifecycles.
information Computing,
In addition,
technologies Artificial
there
(Internet Intelligence,
ofisThings,
an increasing
Cyber- innovationassembly
proposes
However, a with anoriented
systematic elaborated
design case
product study of
framework
families are ahardly
for personalized
its service
to find.
etc.), a solution
Physical
demand ofSystem, known
Cloud
customization, as aComputing,
user-oriented
being PSStime
at the Artificial
same [5].Intelligence,
in a global smart
On thewearable.
innovation with Since
product anfamily user
elaboratedexperience
level, case
products (UX)
study ofofamainly
differ PSS refers
personalized
in two to
etc.), To guide
a solution
competition the
withknown UXas design
competitors all of
overPSS,
a user-oriented Valencia
thePSS [5]. This
world. Cardona,
trend, the
smartuser’s
main perceptions
wearable. Since
characteristics: theand
(i) user responses
experience
number (UX)in regard
of components of PSS to(ii)their
andrefers to
the
Mugge,
which is Schoormans
To guide
inducing UXand
the the Schifferstein
design
development of PSS,from [6] outlined
Valencia
macro seven
Cardona,
to micro interaction
the
type user’s
of with
components a system
perceptions andor responses
product,
(e.g. mechanical, It inis regard
electrical, very subjective,
to their
electronical).
importantresults
Mugge,
markets, characteristics
Schoormans of lotSmart
and Schifferstein
in diminished sizes due PSSs:
[6] outlinedconsumer
to augmentingseven dynamic
interaction
Classicaland highly
with
methodologies relevant
a system or to the future
product,
considering It isPSS
mainly very scenarios[9].
singlesubjective,
products
important characteristics of Smart PSSs:
product varieties (high-volume to low-volume production) [1]. consumer dynamic and highly relevant to the future
or solitary, already existing product families analyze the PSS scenarios[9].
To cope with
2212-8271 © 2019this
Theaugmenting variety
Authors. Published as wellB.V.
by Elsevier as to be able to product structure on a physical level (components level) which
Peer-reviewpossible
identify
2212-8271 ©under
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Published committee
potentials
by Elsevier in ofthe
B.V. the 11th CIRP Conference
existing causeson Industrial Product-Service
difficulties regardingSystems.
an efficient definition and
doi:10.1016/j.procir.2017.04.009
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 11th CIRP Conference on Industrial Product-Service Systems.families. Addressing this
production system, it is important to have a precise knowledge comparison of different product
doi:10.1016/j.procir.2017.04.009

2212-8271©©2017
2212-8271 2019The
The Authors.
Authors. Published
Published by Elsevier
by Elsevier B.V. B.V.
Peer-reviewunder
Peer-review underresponsibility
responsibility
of of
thethe scientific
scientific committee
committee of the
of the 28th11th
CIRPCIRP Conference
Design on 2018.
Conference Industrial Product-Service Systems.
10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.096
 336 Yuanfa Dong et al. / Procedia CIRP 83 (2019) 335–338
2 Author name / Procedia CIRP 00 (2019) 000–000
However, existing insights of PSS design methodology are
fragmented and insufficient to support UX-centred
development activities. Thus, it’s necessary to develop a
systematic and comprehensive support to solve those issues.
According to the survey conducted by Gevins, Baudin,
Mabogunje and Leifer [10], it was found that most of the
questions generated during the design process are related to the
information relevant at the conceptual level of the design
process (such as strategies, opinion on concepts and methods
of evaluation) rather than just at the level of the components
alone. In the early, pre-geometry stages of product
development, design information is vague and qualitative. A
good organized product conceptual information model could
help us to capture, represent and process the UX-related design
information and maximize the capability to map designers’
creativity into corresponding mathematical models of the PSS.
Also it can bring these information to the downstream
applications to keep track of the experience consistency
between the concept, the design and the manufacturing of a
PSS.
Traditional product modelling techniques and computer-
aided design (CAD) systems are mainly focused on physical
product modelling and geometric representation. Although
many approaches were tried to incorporate the customers’
demand, FBS mapping process and design intents to enable the
storage and usage of design information later[11, 12], it is still
insufficient to support UX-centred PSS development activities.
On the other hand, existing researches on user experience
mostly focus on the evaluation of user experience and its
influencing factors [13, 14]. There are few researches on UX-
centred design methods and process models.
Therefore, the present paper introduces an approach
towards a scenario interaction-centred conceptual information
model for capturing and representing the key information
affecting user experience such as target users’ persona, PSS
scenarios, interaction sequence and modality.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. The
following section analyzes the multisensory UX formation
process in PSS scenario. Next, the novel scenario interaction-
centered conceptual information model is described. Then a
prototype application of the presented conceptual information
model in Sweeping Robot conceptual design is provided.
Finally, the paper presents the main conclusive points of this
work and the implications of the analysis for future studies on
the PSS.
2. Multisensory UX formation process in User-PSS
interaction scenario
Interaction is the precondition of experience. Users sense the
PSS by situational interaction, which consist of static and
dynamic one. Static interaction, mainly in the form of
nonphysical contact, is a process of which users make aesthetic
experience and symbolic experience through watching, hearing
and so on. Dynamic interaction, mainly in the form of physical
contact, is activated by employing both external senses like
sight, smell, hearing and touch, and internal senses like
movement and balance.
As shown in Fig. 1, the PSS consist of tangible smart product
and intangible services. It manifests a certain interaction
behavior with its function, material, smell, sound, color and
form. In a specific scenario, users interact with the PSS through
interaction interface. According to cognitive information
processing theory, during the interaction process, product’s
behavior is received by multisensory channels of users and
stored temporarily. Furthermore, the PSS changes their
properties after receiving the instruction and is perceived by
users again. Finally, the integrated multisensory experience of
PSS forms in the constant interaction process.
Fig. 1 Multisensory UX formation process in User-PSS interaction scenario
3. Scenario Interaction-centered Conceptual Information
Model
3.1. UX-Related Design Information
In addition to characterizing the design results, the more
important thing in the conceptual information model is to
characterize the design intentions. The design intentions
should embody the whole process of innovative thinking,
including the original user requirements, target scenarios,
thinking paths, design results and so on. UX-related design
information in the early development stage are as follow:
 User persona: personal characteristics and requirements
information of the target user.
 Scenarios: refers to certain tasks and actions occurring in
a certain time and space.
 Tangible product: including function, principle,
behaviour, structure and their mapping relationship.
 Interactive Behaviour Sequence: including interactive
actions, interactive modality, interactive timing, etc.
 Intangible service: including service name, service
content, service form, service quality, etc.
3.2. Meta scenario interaction-centered model
According to section 2, Object-Oriented modeling method
and semantic network were employed to build the scenario
interaction-centered conceptual information model. Due to
space limitation, here only introduce Meta scenario interaction-
centered model. As shown in fig.2, the nodes represent UX-
related information unit, mainly characterize as object with
attributes and methods. Besides, the arrows between nodes
represent the semantic relationship between different objects.
Particularly, the relationship “Take_place_after” is used to
characterize interactive behavior sequence.
 Yuanfa Dong et al. / Procedia CIRP 83 (2019) 335–338 337
Author name / Procedia CIRP 00 (2019) 000–000 3

User’s
intention Tak
part of the sweeping robot’s functions, behaviors, structures and
their semantic relations.
Modality e_p
lac
contain e_a
fte
employ r

drive User’s make User’s Act_on

actuator action

Happens_in Rely_on

Involves_in Involves_in Interactive Inner

User Scenario
Structure Structure

Happens_in
Respond_to
User’s
Product’s
Sensory
Submit_to Act_on reaction make
Channel
contain
employ
Modality Product’s
intention

Fig. 2 Meta scenario interaction model

Based on the Meta scenario interaction model, all the UX- Fig.4 Login Interface of the PSS-GMS
related design information could organized as seven layers
structure, which is shown in Figure 3. Then the future PSS
conceptual design activities can adopt the following mapping
process: “ScenarioFunction FeaturesInteraction chain
Multi-sensory experience elements in Meta interaction
behavior Related interactive structure Internal Actuator
through interactive Chain Mapping Part Geometry and
Topology”. The detailed mapping process will be described in
another paper.
Fig.5 The conceptual information model of a smart sweeping robot shown in
Neo4j platform

Fig.6 Part of the sweeping robot’s functions, behaviors, structures and their
semantic relations

5. Discussion

The work presented summaries the first results of our

ongoing research towards a UX-oriented conceptual design
Fig.3 Seven Layers structure of the Scenario Interaction-centered Conceptual system that is able to capture the UX-related design information
Information Model
of the early design phases and that allows to reuse these
information in later phases of PSS development process. The
proposed scenario interaction-centered conceptual information
4. Case Study
model has two advantages: ① Organizing relevant design
information centered on scenario interactions can effectively
To verify the feasibility of the scenario interaction-
support users to participate in early innovation activities in PSS
centered conceptual information model, the authors applied it
design. ②Compatible with the current mainstream product data
in the conceptual design stage of a sweeping robot. Sweeping
exchange standards such as STEP and IGES, which can
robot is a kind of typical consumer electromechanical products.
effectively transfer the design intent of the concept design stage
The manufacturer not only provides cleaning robot products, to the back-end engineering design and manufacturing. Five
but also provides intelligent home services such as voice graduate students and two industrial designers were invited to
assistant and air monitoring based on modern information test the PSS-GMS. They all agree that the structure of scenario
technology. A prototype modeling system for user-oriented interaction-centered model conforms to the design thinking
PSS design concept (PSS-GMS) was developed based on Neo4j habits. Also the relevant design information can be easily
graph database. As shown in Figure 4 is the login interface of organized by PSS-GMS and retrieved by using Cypher query
the PSS-GMS, Figure 5 is the conceptual information model of language. Although this preliminary research has shown its
a smart sweeping robot shown in Neo4j platform, Figure 6 is practicality, how to combine the classical mathematical theory
338 Yuanfa Dong et al. / Procedia CIRP 83 (2019) 335–338
4 Author name / Procedia CIRP 00 (2019) 000–000
to achieve the quantification and intelligence of the model still
needs further research.
6. Conclusion
In this paper, a scenario interaction-centered conceptual
information model for developing UX-centered conceptual
design support systems was presented. Different from the
classic FBS framework, this model introduces an approach
towards a scenario interaction-centered to capture and represent
the key information affecting user experience such as target
users’ persona, PSS scenarios, interaction sequence and
modality. A prototype modeling system for user-oriented PSS
design concept was developed based on Neo4j graph database.
Future research will focus on the quantification and intelligence
of the PSS-GMS.
Acknowledgements
The research presented in this paper has been funded by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.
51605255).
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