2017 Workshop Series

RIBA & ICE Collaboration

CDM Documentation

Paul Bussey RIBA Architect & IMaPS

pbussey@ahmm.co.uk
Tony Putsman ICE Civil Engineer & AIEMA
tony.putsman@xps.org.uk
 Paul Bussey RIBA , IMaPS, FIFireE,
Senior Technical Consultant, AHMM Architects.

CDM 2015:
A Practical Guide
for Architects and
Designers

Page Refs on Slides

 What today is about?
It is assumed that you all want to or are acting as Principal Designers
1. Design tools to deliver CDM 2015 & CDM Differently
2. A strategic level of thinking about construction risk
3. Brainstorming the Concept Design in CDM terms collaboratively
4. Identifying and capturing the Significant CDM Issues (Risks)
5. Developing a CDM Review process and reporting document
6. Holding regular, collaborative and well facilitated CDM reviews
7. Capturing the review output and sharing it with the team
8. Encouraging team actions and contributions
9. The resultant Health and Safety File
10. Earning fees as a Principal Designer
 Key CDM Questions for PD’s & D’s?
Do Principal Designers & Designers :-
1. have to tell PC’s & C’s how to build EVERYTHING they design?
2. have to identify ALL hazards & risks on their projects?
3. have to design out ALL hazards & risks previously identified?
4. have to provide Design Risk Assessments (DRA’s) of all
identified risks?
And ………What is a Design (Stage) Risk Assessment?
1. A number between 1 & 20? or
2. A quantification of severity , frequency & likelihood of a
construction risk ? or
3. Identification during design whether an issue IS or IS NOT a
“significant risk”?
 Significant Design Stage Hazards & Risks
• Definition in CDM 2015 - not necessarily
the greatest risks but unusual, difficult to
manage, not obvious (hidden) inc. health
eg.
• Potentially catastrophic issues
• Underground railways, rivers, etc
• Embedded asbestos, buildings and soil
• hidden or overhead utilities
• hidden site contamination eg.soil, pigeons,
Weil’s disease, lead paint.
• dynamic embedded structural loads -
cantilevers, post-tensioning, pre-stressing
• special phasing requirements
• difficult site access for materials
• temporary works,
• unusual work at height, There could be none!
• difficult maintenance issues. …….but prove it.
• excessive dust, noise, vibration, lifting, etc Book Pgs101-120
Or Template D2
Ie. Not H&S issues that are obvious to a capable
contractor & certainly Not all RISKS! REVERSE BURDEN OF PROOF
To assist with the identification of significant design risks (20 Pgs)
UK & EU: CDM 2015 & TMCS
 A Principal Designer
Needs to know & have “SKATE”
• Skills
• Knowledge
• (Attitude )
• Training
• Experience
= Capability
 Risk Identification, Evaluation, Reduction & Communication
Process by Workstages
RIBA Work Stages
Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage
0-1 2 -3 3-4 3-4 4-5 6-7
Client & Lead
Designer
Strategic
Definition + Principal
and Brief Designer
Project CDM
Concept + Designers &
Strategy & Site
Design Specialists
Risks

Risk Tolerability
Pre-construction Detailed Commercial
Information Design Decisions VE
(Initial Design
Risks) + Principal
Pre-construction Procurement
Contractor &
Information Tender subcontractors
(Developed
Design Risks) Significant Construction Contractor /
Risk /Benefit Planning Worker/ FM
Tolerability
Construction Construction &
Phase Plan & Handover
Site Risks
H&S File &
Maintenance
Risks
 Principal Designer duties in CDM 2015
Your role is to plan, manage and monitor the
Pre-Construction Phase including P-C
Information by :-
• Ensuring client is aware of his duties
• Providing P-CI to all designers, Principal
Contractor & Contractors
• identifying, eliminating or controlling
foreseeable (significant) risks (P’s of P?)
• Ensuring (sfarp) all designers comply with
their duties
• Liaising with the PC for duration of your
appointment
• Preparing a Health and Safety file
(proportionate to risks and project) Appoint those most
appropriate to coordinate the
risks?
Not the same duties as a CDM-Coordinator
under 2007 but additional services can be
provided
 All Designers must understand SFARP
(HASAWA 1974)
SFARP
“So Far As Reasonably Practicable”
In essence, it requires weighing the risk

?
against the resources needed to eliminate
or reduce the risk.
And the question, whether a measure is
or is not “reasonably practicable “is one
which requires no more than the making
of a value judgment in the light of all the
facts (not just H&S).ie:-
Empowerment of the team to make
properly informed project judgements,
without fear of prosecution.

Communication, Collaboration & Correct

Interpretation are key to implement SFARP?
But different
interpretations abound?
 Principles of Prevention

•These principles are a requirement of

the Management Regulations and apply
to all industries, including construction.
They provide a framework to identify and
implement measures to control risks on a
construction project.
The General Principles of Prevention are only intended for Design
Stages “So far as is reasonably practicable”- They are Qualified Duties.

Clause 81 states :-

‘ When preparing or modifying designs, a designer must take account of the

general principles of prevention…….’

Clause 83 states :-

‘Health and safety risks need to be considered alongside other factors that influence the
design, such as costs, fitness for purpose, aesthetics and environmental impact. Working with
contractors (including principal contractors) involved in the project can help identify the
potential risks and ways they may be controlled.’

Clause 84 states :-

‘ Once the risks have been considered , the level of detail in the information provided to those
who need it should be proportionate to the risks remaining.’
 The General Principles of Prevention are only intended for Design
Stages “So far as is reasonably practicable”- They are Qualified Duties.
The Principles in L153
(a)avoid risks;
(b)evaluate the risks which cannot be
avoided;
(c)combat the risks at source;
(d)adapt the work to the individual, How would you explain the relevance of
especially regarding the design of workplaces these principles to a client, other designer or
etc. a student???
(e)adapt to technical progress;
(f)replace the dangerous by the non-
dangerous or the less dangerous; Why is it important that these principles are
(g)develop a coherent overall prevention understood by the project team??
policy which covers technology, organisation
of work etc.
(h) give collective protective measures
priority over individual protective measures;
(i)give appropriate instructions to employees.

The Reverse Burden of Proof – means you need to show

evidence of consideration of the above- so how?
 Principles of Prevention
Workshop

1. Discuss your Principle with your

group 4 mins
2. Identify an example of its
application from your
experience 4 mins
3. Draw it large and clearly
4 mins
4. Present it to the whole plenary
session 2mins x 9 = 18 mins

30 mins
 SFARP is the proportionate integration of safety and
health issues into innovative & creative design..sfarp

c.1450 ……… this has been done before!.......

 A Complex Contractor/Engineering Hazard Log
CDM Design Hazard Log: Project 'X'
PART A - HAZARD ELIMINATION/REDUCTION PART B - TRANSFER OF INFORMATION PART C - CONTRACTOR IMPLEMENTATION
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P

Initial Risk Residual Construction External Review

Author -

Company
Rating Risk Rating Information provided about the Designer/Constructor Status Manager of Control
Name &
Phase

Specific Action by Designer to residual hazards - Design Manager Discussion Date & Active/ responsible - Measures? Y/N Control Measures
Ref Location/Activity Potential Hazards L S R Eliminate/Reduce Risk Rating L S R Drawing/Document responsible - Name Comments Closed Name Control Measures required (by whom) identified in:
STRUCTURES
S.1 S01 piers C,M,D TAN Working in proximity to live 4 5 20 S01 crosses several major roads and 3 5 15 Note on drawing - method statement required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Active M Bell Works to be carried out with lane
(Jacobs) traffic impossible to configure within alignment to cover particular issues relating to the closures in accordance with Costain TM
constraints to avoid constructing near live complexity of the existing slip roads and phases. Provide proteced safety zone
traffic. Risk cannot be eliminated or A282 underneath and requirements for with barriers
significantly reduced. Position piers as far temporary road closures for pier construction.
away from live traffic as possible. Single span

S.2 S01 Working in A2 c.r. C,M,D TAN Working in proximity to live 4 5 20 S01 crosses several major roads and 4 5 20 Note on drawing - method statement required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Active M Bell Works to be carried out with lane
adjacent to live traffic (Jacobs) traffic impossible to configure within alignment to address the particular difficulty of working closures in accordance with Costain TM
constraints to avoid constructing near live in an island site phases. Provide proteced safety zone
traffic. Cannot be eliminated and therefore no with barriers
mitigation available to designer.

S.3 Pier bearing installation, M TAN Working in proximity to live 5 5 25 Design as integral bridges without bearings 5 5 25 Note on drawing - method statement required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 25/05/06 Residual risks Active M Bell Provide protected safety zone with tvcbs
maintenance & (Jacobs) traffic. Working at height considered but structure too long for this. No addressing handling and installing of heavy to be noted in H&S plan - barrriesrs to mitigate traffic risk.
replacement (S01, S04, alternative mitigation available to designer in components at height with restrictive & TM required
S10(N) & S10(S) this respect. clearances. Log in H&S file.

S.4 Inspecting joints and M TAN Working at height. 3 5 15 Provide enclosed abutment galleries 2 2 4 RRR <6 - no further action required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Closed M Bell
bearings at abutments (Jacobs)
(S01, S04, S10(N) &
S10(S)
S.5 Painting of steelwork C,M TAN Working at height. 3 5 15 Use weathering steel 1 5 5 RRR <6 - no further action required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Closed M Bell
(S01, S04, S10(N) & (Jacobs)
S10(S)

S.6 Concrete impregnation C TAN Use of potentially toxic 4 2 8 Apply for Departure from Standards to use 4 1 4 RRR <6 - no further action required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Closed M Bell
(Jacobs) substance (silane) less toxic substance (Pavix) or to use
concrete additive.

S.7 Parapet installation C TAN Working at height, debris falls 3 5 15 No mitigation available to designer at 3 5 15 Note on drawing - method statement required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Active M Bell Cantilever formwork left in position until
(S01, S04, S10(N) & (Jacobs) installation stage. to address the particular dufficulty of providing parapet installation complete
S10(S) temporary edge protection while installing the
permanent edge protection at the same
location. Log in H&S file - maintenance
wpork on the outside of the parpap

S.7a Parapet maintenance M TAN Working at height, debris falls 3 5 15 Use aluminium parapet to minimise 1 5 5 RRR <6 - no further action required. Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 31/05/06 Residual risks Closed M Bell
(S01, S04, S10(N) & (Jacobs) maintenance to be noted in H&S plan
S10(S)

S.8 Placing deck formwork C TAN Working at height. 5 5 25 No mitigation available to designer. 3 5 15 Note on drawing - method statement Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Active M Bell Permanent formwork placed where
(S01, S04, S10(N) & (Jacobs) required. Consider placing deck formwork at possible at ground level and lifted into
S10(S) ground level and lifting into place with beams. place with main steel.
Otherwise special precautions e.g.netting,
harnesses, will be required to ensure safety of
operatives while working on bare st
S.9 Placing deck formwork C TAN Debris falling onto motorway 5 5 25 No mitigation available to designer 3 5 15 Note on drawing - method statement required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Active M Bell Any formwork erected at height to be
(S01, S04, S10(N) & (Jacobs) and construction site. - see above - but addressing containment of carried out wijt lane closures in place or
S10(S) materials by use of netting or similar. area beneath enclosed

S.10 Site splicing of steelwork C TAN Working at height. 3 5 15 Minimise number of splice positions. 2 5 10 Note on drawing - method statement required Tim Nicholson 17/05/06 & 21/05/06 Active M Bell All work at height to be carried out wijt
(S01, S04, S10(N) & (Jacobs) to address handling of heavy components at lane closures in place or area beneath
S10(S) height. enclosed
Review the concept design- Identify significant design risks
Significant Risks “only” identified on Plans and numbered
Significant
Risks
identified
on
Sections &
Elevations
A simple “Architectural Project” Risk Register
 CDM - Intelligent Drawing Annotation

Revit Detail Item

Annotate with Tag

ALLFORD HALL MONAGHAN MORRIS

CDM - Intelligent Drawing Annotation

ALLFORD HALL MONAGHAN MORRIS

 CDM - Intelligent Drawing Annotation

Information Developed outside of

Revit

Linked to a Revit Keynote file

ALLFORD HALL MONAGHAN MORRIS

 CDM - Intelligent Drawing Annotation

Legend to Identify
Risk’s by what’s
annotated on each
Revit Sheet

ALLFORD HALL MONAGHAN MORRIS

PROJECT CASE STUDIES
Pre-Construction
Information
& Health & Safety File
Pre-Construction Information- L153 App. 2
Interactive Workshop - Site Entrance
Site Access & Existing Building
Proposed Ground Floor Plan
Site Access & Building Proposed
Sketch Section
CGI - Buildability Review
10 Minute CDM Review
CDM ANALYSIS of OTHER
PROJECTS
Large and Small
CDM 2015
Visual risk analysis, storyboard or pathway
SSU – POD-Sketch & Buildability
 KEY MESSAGES OF CDM 2015
• CDM (Differently) 2015 is a method of progressive risk reduction as a project
moves through its various stages
• Every project is unique – every project team benefits from developing a clear
risk management strategy (team building)
• The PD is a key management function – linking the client, designers and PC.
• Every project team should focus on the significant, rather than routine risks
• Visual tools aid team- based risk management by clearer communication.
• Existing project drawings, surveys and images can be highlighted to show the
risk context , issue and other design factors(sfarp)
• The written word can be powerful –used sparingly.
• L153 presents challenges – not answers.
• What would you have designed differently having established how the building
could be built, used or maintained? (It could be nothing!)
• The Principal Designer is a facilitating role, coordinating the integration of H&S
from all other design functions, and not necessarily a H&S expert.
 Now you have
Principal Designer
“SKATE”

Go Safely