-HENRY ROSOUSY

ASSIGNMENT NO.1
1. WHAT IS RESEARCH?

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 QUALITATIVE METHODS QUANTITATIVE METHODS

 Methods include focus groups, in-  Surveys, structured interviews &

depth interviews, and reviews of observations, and reviews of records or
documents for types of themes documents for numeric information

 Primarily inductive process used to  Primarily deductive process used to test

formulate theory or hypotheses pre-specified concepts, constructs, and
hypotheses that make up a theory

 More subjective: describes a problem  More objective: provides observed

or condition from the point of view of effects (interpreted by researchers) of a
those experiencing it program on a problem or condition

 Text-based  Number-based

 More in-depth information on a few  Less in-depth but more breadth of

cases information across a large number of
cases

 Unstructured or semi-structured  Fixed response options

response options

 No statistical tests  Statistical tests are used for analysis

 Can be valid and reliable: largely  Can be valid and reliable: largely
depends on skill and rigor of the depends on the measurement device or
researcher instrument used

 Time expenditure lighter on the  Time expenditure heavier on the

planning end and heavier during the planning phase and lighter on the
analysis phase analysis phase

 Less generalizable  More generalizable

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2. WHAT IS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?

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 3. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ABSTRACT?

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4. HOW TO WRITE OR DEFINE – AIM, SCOPE OF STUDY AND LIMITATION
OF STUDY?

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5. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY THE WORD “DATA”?

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6. WHAT IS PRIMARY DATA? AND WHAT CONSTITUTES AS THE SAME?

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7. WHAT IS SECONDARY DATA? AND WHAT CONSTITUTES AS THE SAME?

Secondary data is the data that have been already collected by and readily available from other sources. Such data are
cheaper and more quickly obtainable than the primary data and also may be available when primary data cannot be
obtained at all.

Advantages of Secondary data

1. It is economical. It saves efforts and expenses.

2. It is time saving.
3. It helps to make primary data collection more specific since with the help of secondary data, we are
able to make out what are the gaps and deficiencies and what additional information needs to be
collected.
4. It helps to improve the understanding of the problem.
5. It provides a basis for comparison for the data that is collected by the researcher.

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8. WHAT DO MEAN BY LITERATURE REVIEW?

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9. DEFINE THE WORD HYPOTHESIS AND EXPLAIN THE TERM IN YOUR
OWN WORD IN DETAIL.

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10. HOW TO DEFINE A TOPIC OF STUDY THAT A LEARNER INTEND TO
UNDERTAKE.

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11. HOW TO WRITE BIBLOGRAPHY AS PER INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?

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12. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WORD ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION?

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13. HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY A SITE AND WHAT CRITERIA ARE TO BE
ADOPTED?

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14. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SWOT ANALYSIS? EXPLAIN WITH EXAMPLE.

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15. DEFINE PLAGARISM.

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16. WHAT AMOUNT OF PLAGARISM? HOW MUCH PERCENT OF PLAGARISM

IS PERMITTED AS PER INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?

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17. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH FOR AN
ARCHITECTURAL THESIS PROJECT?

OUTCOMES:

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18. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SYNOPSIS WITH RESPECT TO
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH ESPECIALLY IN DESIGN DESSERTATION?

Box 1. Example of a title.

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The effect of participatory forest management on livelihoods: a case study from Tanzania.

Based on a research synopsis prepared by Aklilu Ameha Yitagesu

Box 2. Abstract - example

Tanzania’s protected areas contribute to the national income through protection of animal species and habitats attracting
large numbers of tourists. But local communities who largely bear the costs of conservation receive only a small
percentage of the benefit. Consequently, wildlife populations decline and habitats are being lost through conversion to
agriculture. This study aims at estimating the total local economic value of conserving the Tarangire Ecosystem to
contribute to an understanding of potentials for conservation through tourism. The contingent valuation method will be
used to measure the willingness to pay and willingness to accept (dichotomous choice elicitation) of local communities
for the protection of the Tangier ecosystem. A two-stage systematic random sampling design will be used to select about
150 respondents to socioeconomic, perception and attitude, and contingent valuation surveys. Data will be analyzed with
logit/ probit models.

Based on a research synopsis prepared by Yibeltal T. Wassie

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 Based on research synopsis prepared by Bidya Nath Jha.

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Box 4. Example of overall and specific objective.

The purpose of the present study is to contribute to an understanding of the actual and potential roles vegetation plays in
regulating the microclimate of urban settings in tropical countries.

Specific objective are:

1. To quantify the magnitude of air temperature modification by urban vegetation of different spatial arrangement and
density (crown cover/number of individuals per unit area) with emphasis to roadside plantings, gardens & urban
parks in Dodoma, Tanzania
2. To compare urban heat modification caused by vegetation consisting of single and mixed species, considering the
five most common urban trees present in Dodoma, Tanzania.
3. To assess the preferences of Dodoma’s inhabitants regarding
tree species and planting patterns in relation to
human thermal comfort.

Based on research synopsis prepared by Gudina Legese Feyisa

Box 5. Limitations – example.

The overall objective of a research design was to explore the role of women in collection and distribution of forest foods.
The limitations of the study were:

This study will focus on amounts and species of forest foods collected by individual households. Details on the nutritional
content of the individual foods will not be included and thus conclusions on the contribution of forest foods to micronutrient
or calorie intake are not possible.

Based on a master’s thesis prepared by Marie Staun.

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REFERRENCE:
https://www.rit.edu/twc/academicintegrity/reasons-students-plagiarize-or-cheat

https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-researchers-mean-by/primary-data-and-secondary-data\

https://www.managementstudyguide.com/secondary_data.htm
https://www.rlf.org.uk/resources/what-is-a-literature-review/

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