Metrology and Quality Assurance (LAB)

Lab report
Group: B
Submitted By
Hammad Ghaffar
Roll:2k17-ME-31
Class Instructor: Saqlain Noor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology
MULTAN
 Experiment No.4
Objective:
To calculate height of different parts using height gauge.
Apparatus:
Vernier height gauge
Specimen
Theory:
Height Gauge:
A height gauge is a measuring device used either for determining the height of objects, or for
marking of items to be worked on. These measuring tools are used in metalworking or metrology
to either set or measure vertical distances; the pointer is sharpened to allow it to act as a scriber
and assist in marking out work pieces.
Parts of height gauge:
Following are the main parts of vernier height gauge:
Base:
It’s a rectangular metallic part which is finely machined and horizontally jointed with other
structure as shown in picture. As name shows its acts like base to hold all other parts because
these all are mounted on it. It has lapped lower grounded surface for high accuracy.
Main Scale:
A long rectangular metallic bar mounted on base and its direction is perpendicular to base shown
in figure. Main scale is engraved on it in millimeters in case of imperial depth gauge.
Vernier scale:
Its small scale on which Vernier scale is engraved and can read to accuracy of 0.01 mm and is
moveable as it slides up or down on main scale.
Measuring Jaw:
Measuring jaw of Vernier height gauge is fabricated with Vernier scale and slides as scale moves
up or down.
Fine adjustment screw:
As name indicates it is used for fine adjustment during measurement and allows Vernier scale to
slide very little distances.
Fine adjustment clamp:
When adjustment is completed, tightening of this clamp provides provision to hold the Vernier
height gauge measuring jaw at certain point in order to avoid errors of reading
Types of height gauge:
There are a number of both mechanical and digital height gauges available. Which use will
depend on budget and measuring needs.
Vernier Height Gauges:
This type of height gauge is available in sizes from 6 inches to 6 feet in height. Relatively simple
to operate, their main advantage over other height gauges is the range of sizes they come in
meaning they can be used to accurately measure a wide range of workpieces. Typically, two
scales are shown on the beam of the height gauge. The main scale is engraved on in milli meter
(in the case of a metric scale). Also shown is the Vernier scale which can read to an accuracy of
0.01 mm.

Dial Height Gauges:

This style of Gauge is generally only available in smaller sizes below 12 inches / 30 cm. The dial
makes reading the device easier than a Vernier scale, and they are often used as personal height
gauges.

Digital Counter Height Gauges:

This style of mechanical height gauge comes with both a dial and dual digit counter fitter. Again,
the dial makes reading the height gauge easier than a Vernier. The dual digit counter allows one
to be set up as a reference datum while the second is used a floating zero. Digital counter height
gauges combine a dial and needle as found on the dial height gauge type with a dual-digit
counter to increase the speed and efficiency of the measurement process. The counter will allow
readings to tenths of an inch while thousandths of an inch can be read on the dial. The presence
of an additional counter also has the advantage in that it enables users to set and maintain an
absolute and floating zero if needed.

Procedure:
1. The first, and possibly, the most important step is to ensure you have a stable and flat
surface on which you will carry out your measurements. The best way to achieve this is
by using a granite surface plate or table.
2. Once you are satisfied that both the granite surface and gauge base are free from dirt and
debris, you should run a test to ensure that the two surfaces mate correctly. This is done
by mounting a test indicator to the scriber. Move the indicator to the surface and then
zero the gauge.
3. Place the specimen mark the specimen with the help of scriber.
4. Note the reading on Vernier scale and main scale of gauge.
5. Multiply the main scale (which is line up with main scale) and multiply with least count
of height gauge.
6. Add both main scale reading and Vernier scale reading.
Length= MSR + (VSR*L.C)
Where MSR = Main Scale Reading
VSR= Vernier Scale Reading
And L.C= Least Count of the Vernier Caliper
Precautions:
1. Whenever the height gauge is not used, it should be kept in their cases.
2. In long height gauges, to avoid its heating by warmth from the hands, care should be
taken.
3. The springing of the measuring jaw should be always avoided
Reference:
https://www.theengineerspost.com/vernier-height-gauge/
https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/instruments-controls/all-about-height-gauges/
https://youtu.be/rNi7moCtJ8o
 Experiment No.5
Objective:
To study combination set apparatus.
Apparatus:
Combination Set
THEORY:
Combination Set:
A combination square is a tool used for multiple purposes in woodworking, stonemasonry and
metalworking. It is composed of a ruled blade and one or more interchangeable heads that may
be affixed to it. The most common head is the standard or square head which is used to lay out or
check right and 45° angles. Combination set is a non-precision instrument which can be used to
determine flatness, measuring angles, inspection and layout work.
PARTS:
The combination square set consists of four separate parts. The three heads may sometimes be
called the "stock", and only the one being used will usually be on the rule.
Square Head:
The square head is primarily used for measuring right angles (90 degrees) and 45degree angles,
but can also be used for other jobs including the measurement of depths.
Centre Head:
The Centre head is primarily used for determining the Centre of round objects (such as rods),
but can also be used to measure 45degree angles (when attached to the rule) and to determine
whether an angle is a right angle (when removed from the rule).
Protractor Head:
The protractor head is primarily used to measure exact angles with the rule.
Rule (Blade):
The rule (which is sometimes referred to as the "blade") is the part of the combination square set
onto which the square head, centre head and protractor head can be placed. In addition, locking
nuts, spirit levels and scribers are also found on combination square sets.
Locking Nut:
The locking nut is the part normally found on most square, centre and protractor heads. This is
used to secure them to the rule. It may be known by a variety of different names, such as "screw"
or "bolt.
Spirit Level:
The spirit level is found on square heads and sometimes on protractor heads. It is used to
determine whether a surface is flat or truly vertical (also referred to as being "plumb".
Scriber:
The scriber (sometimes known by variants of this name such as "scribing tool") is found with the
square head and may be used to make marks on objects.
Procedure:
How To Use a Combination Square:
1. Place the anvil of the square against the edge of the working surface you wish to cut.
2. Draw a line along the blade edge until your pencil reaches the anvil of the combination
square.
3. Once completed, the line should be a perfect 90° angle with the edge of the working
surface.
How to Use a Combination Square for Angles:
1. Place the shoulder of the square against the edge of the working surface you wish to cut.
2. Draw a line along the blade edge until your pencil reaches the shoulder of the
combination square.
3. Once completed, the line should be a perfect 45° angle with the edge of the working
surface.

How to Use a Combination Square for finding center point:

 1. Place the anvil of the center head at the circumference surface of round object.
2. Find the center point using ruler.
Reference:
https://www.johnsonlevel.com/News/CombinationSquares
https://youtu.be/Rs0HuhMtj2M