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Tunku Abdul Rahman University College: Faculty of Computing and Information Technology
Tunku Abdul Rahman University College: Faculty of Computing and Information Technology
Tunku Abdul Rahman University College: Faculty of Computing and Information Technology
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Faculty of Computing and Information Technology
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Read, complete, and sign this statement to be submitted with the written report.
We confirm that the submitted work are all our own work and are in our own words.
Indicate (√) in member name column if he/she have involved in that task.
Tasks Name 1 Name 2 Name 3 Name 4 Name 5
1. Background √ √ √ √ √
2. Topic Analysis √ √ √ √ √
and Solution
3. Ethical issues √ √ √ √ √
Table of Contents
1.0 Background............................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Stake Holders...................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Analyze the topic and provide solution for each perspective......................................................3
2.1 Social.................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 Possible Risk and Consequences:...................................................................................3
2.1.2 Highlight of positive and negative sides:.........................................................................4
2.1.2.1 Positive Side:........................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2.2 Negative Side:..........................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Solution of negative side:...............................................................................................5
2.1.4 Personal Opinion:..........................................................................................................6
2.2 Legal Law........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Possible Risk and Consequences:...................................................................................6
2.2.2 Highlight of positive and negative sides:.........................................................................7
2.2.2.1 Positive Side:........................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Recommendation for positive side:.................................................................................8
2.2.3.1 Negative Side:..........................................................................................................8
2.2.4 Solution for Negative Side:.............................................................................................9
2.2.5 Personal Opinion:..........................................................................................................9
2.3 Architecture........................................................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 Possible Risk and Consequences:...................................................................................9
2.3.2 Highlight of positive and negative sides:.......................................................................10
2.3.2.1 Positive Side:......................................................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Recommendation for Positive Side:..............................................................................10
2.3.3.1 Negative Side:........................................................................................................ 11
2.3.4 Solution for Negative Side:...........................................................................................11
2.3.5 Personal Opinion:........................................................................................................11
2.4.1.1Positive Side:.......................................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Recommendation for Positive Side:..............................................................................12
2.4.2.1 Negative Side:........................................................................................................ 12
2.4.3 Solution for Negative Side:...........................................................................................12
2.4.4 Personal Opinion:........................................................................................................13
3.0 Ethical Issues........................................................................................................................ 13
3.1 Subjective Relativism.........................................................................................................13
3.2 Ethical Egoism................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.1 Successful Evidence:.....................................................................................................14
3.3 Rule Utilitarian.................................................................................................................. 14
References............................................................................................................................. 14
Censorship of Facebook in China
1.0 Background
Internet Censorship can be divided into two types which are active censorship and passive
censorship. Active censorship means prohibition and restriction on how netizen use Internet,
even criminalizing individual or group who spread unsuitable content while passive censorship is
means to block content by blocking its data contents or source [ CITATION ZAI15 \l 17417 ].
Case 1: China has banned Facebook due to the incident of the July 2009 Urumqi riots in
Xinjiang, a western Chinese province [ CITATION KRI19 \l 2052 ]. China government believed
that Xinjiang independent activists arise used of Facebook and other social media and the
internet groups as the communication networks to communicate the issue related to the Arab and
Muslim issues [ CITATION Moh09 \l 2052 ].
Government
o Chinese government censored the Facebook in their mainland.
o withdrawn the approval of Facebook new subsidiaries
Facebook organization
o Provide platform let all user use the Facebook if the users can access
Facebook user
o Before July 2009 which Facebook haven’t get banned yet, the china users still using
Citizen
o The citizen in the Urumqi, especially the riots between Uighur rioters and the Han
Chinese.
2.0 Analyze the topic and provide solution for each perspective
2.1 Social
Targeted by hacker
o Hacker usually aim for those account who unrestricted access to the system. Those
small company’s social media platform securities are not firm as the Facebook
company, this may raise the hacker awareness to hack the account.
Scams attack
o Scams attack will ask for your personal data like (banking details, password, personal
info) to scam your money especially when they got your leaked data from the third-
party companies.
People will study from different variety of page instead of only seeing Facebook.
China as the strictest internet censorship programs in the world helps to obtain the
nickname of the “The Great Firewall of China” which cease the social media from
fraudulent corrupt or anti-government practices.
Internet censorship generally reduces the amount of internet crime, making it tough for
people to spread the above, push drugs and so on.
Internet censorship blocks racist and pornographic websites, which are offensive
material. It tracks down people who are illegally spreading such things over such a
boundless medium as the internet and prosecutes them.
Censorship of Facebook shelter people from the reality, it will make people know
something wrong[ CITATION val12 \l 17417 ]. The young people had constantly exposed
to the Internet, the China government knows the young peoples might don’t know how to
filter the data they exposed to and simply spread the news, so they ban Facebook in
China.
o Internet censorship prevents people from sharing their opinion, especially on topics such
as religion and politics.
o Internet censorship causes allows corrupt (dishonest and wrong, especially for monetary
gain) information to be spread, and prevents the truth from coming out. This happens a
lot in China, when videos/articles about human rights violations are released, and are
blocked from the eyes of the world.
o Internet censorship makes it harder for people living in a censored country to contact the
outside world, and make themselves heard. They may have relatives that could have been
contacted on Twitter, for example, who they can now not keep in touch with.
o China peoples can collect and research information from Baidu instead of Facebook as
the government already provided a good platform which very similar with
Google[ CITATION Jos18 \l 17417 ].
2.1.3 Solution of negative side:
Since Facebook is blocked in china, china citizen can use other social media to express
their opinion as well. This can increase the security also as the china application such as
Weibo and Tencent QQ, it can be controlled by china, the data might not be hacked or
leak so easily.
Since Facebook and Google is banned by China, China citizen can use Baidu( 百度一下,
你就知道) as the search engine to find the information or do the research. Baidu is quite
a successful search engine also that created by China which contain of many useful
information also, in addition as a china citizen, Baidu is in Chinese word more so what
china citizen can understand it more.
China Citizen can look out the international news instead of using the social media such
as Facebook. I the Facebook, actually it contains of any uncertain news and post that
created by people worldwide and sometime to spread the fake news. Therefore, China
government is care about the truth to avoid their citizen to get the wrong information. For
example, CNN news and BBC news, from here, people can get a lot of legit news daily
that happened all around the world. According to research from democrats, 74% of news
from CNN news can be trusted[ CITATION Gra19 \l 17417 ].
In my personal opinion, I feel that the people in China have to appreciate what the government
had done to them. The China government banned Facebook with a strong reason which bring
more advantages more than disadvantages to the country. Other than that, the government throws
no one behind, they provided China own social media platform like Baidu (Google), WeChat
(WhatsApp), Qzone + QQ (Facebook + Messenger), Sina Weibo (Twitter) for the China citizens
so that they have their can enjoy those social media facilities too. There is no reason why
banning Facebook is bad for the China since they wanted to protect their data and they wanted to
beat the US company in social media market capitalization. Facebook should be banned so that
the citizen in China can use their country own social media platform and they don’t have to
worry the outsiders are steal and sell their data. Facebook banning allows the China citizens to
share their information and thoughts in the social media more freely as there is no outsiders are
able to steal the data.
2.2 Legal Law
Section Five of the Computer Information Network and Internet Security, Protection, and
Management Regulations.
Facebook is an application that use by many ppl around the world and inside it might
violates some of the China legislative basis which, in using Facebook include spreading
fake news of China, fabricating or distorting the truth, destroying the order of society
which violate one of the Section Five of the Computer Information Network and Internet
Security, Protection, and Management Regulations. The law is approved by the State
Council on 11 December 1997, and take effect on 30 December 1997. Whereby is
violating the laws, unlawful income is confiscated, 5,000 yuan or less may be imposed on
individuals and 50,000 or less imposed on work units, where there is also a punishment
of ceasing interconnection for six months or less and shutdown may be imposed if
necessary.[ CITATION Cre97 \l 17417 ]
Facebook may be use by activists that utilize them to organize themselves which is
people will utilize the applications and use it to protest on the authorities which have
influence a political issue which include brazenly humiliating other persons or concocting
facts to slander other persons that violates the regulations of China.
Facebook are also use to defaming state organizations which China activist may use
Facebook to share on government order directing media organization in China to other
countries which are illegally to provide state secrets to foreign entities, which will harm
the prestige of State organization.
Facebook are mainly use for people around the world to communicate to each other and
share story among them, Facebook may include promoting feudal pornography,
gambling, violence, murder, terrorism or encouraging criminal activity which have also
violate the Section Five of the Computer Information Network and Internet Security,
Protection, and Management Regulations.[ CITATION Wik19 \l 17417 ]
The government of China set the censorship law which if the netizen of china browses
anything related to censorship of Facebook will display black page and say “relevant
laws, regulations, and policies” to prevent the display of results related to the searches.
[ CITATION Wik191 \l 17417 ]
There are several sensitive areas in China, that have been report of locals organization
using VPNs(Virtual Private Network) to access to Facebook to do business with foreigner
entities which are illegally wrong and may be prison for using VPNs, only registered
application which are approved by China Government is able to use in the local country.
Which if caught, the organization is pursuant to Article 286(1) of the Criminal Law, the
organization shall be fine, and the person in charge and the other person who are directly
liable to the offences may be sentenced to an imprisonment of no more than three years.
[ CITATION Sus19 \l 17417 ]
The Cyberspace Administration of China announce that the internet information provider
and users in China who seriously violate related laws and regulations will be subject to
Social Credit System blacklist which is using VPN illegally to access on other websites
like Facebook which is blocked by “Great Firewall of China”.[ CITATION Wik19 \l
17417 ]
As technology is getting improved and more advanced today, more and more applications
are to be use as a tool to do bad things. The government of China should just improve
their website blocking technology to block the website that the China deemed to be not
good, as the current censor technology of China is not advanced enough to block the
VPN which are widely use nowadays.
As for the children that always on the internet, their parents should monitor them when
using the application, and also to be restricted to the content that are deemed violent as it
may influence children with bad imagination. The parents should just set password on
certain application and channel to restrict the children from using it as bad way.
Business Organization
o Facebook is a good tool to be use by Business Organization to communicate with
other foreign countries to make business, so by banning Facebook, and also the rules
and regulations make many of the business Organization have lost the potential of
promoting their products around the world.
The citizen in China can use application that are similar to Facebook that are not block in
China which is WeChat and Weibo. These applications are developed by China and are
legally use in China, so the citizen can use these to communicate with each other and
share information.
As for business organization they can use VPN to access application that are blocked by
China, although is illegal in doing that but in order to promote their products widely
around other country, this would be the best choice of doing it.
From my personal Opinion, I think that Facebook is a great tool which to be use by student and
business organization. For students and teenager, it should be use and being monitor by parents
carefully where if their kids are to be use it carefully. As for business organization, I think the
Government of China should grant permission to access Facebook on certain condition which are
to be use legally like promoting products and also international communications purpose.
Whereby, there is also at certain point Facebook should be banned, as Facebook is a powerful
tool use for cyber bullying which there are cases where cause people to get depressed and some
may lead to death of being bully.
2.3 Architecture
For the people in China they are evolving everything, The China has developed its own
application which are Weibo, it is similar like Facebook and is the most popular blogging
platform for Chinese users, Weibo is capable of doing microblogging and Companies
with a Weibo account can also increase their level of communication with its customer,
posting messages that contain much more content than what can accomplish with
Facebook.[ CITATION Ang16 \l 17417 ]
The people of China also had developed own communications tools which are WeChat
that are popular among them to use to communicate to each other. It is a mobile app and
also available on personal desktop, swept up the pool of potential users of Facebook,
developing into what is possibly the biggest hub for communication in China. WeChat
are useful for Venmo and PayPal which use can top up funds in the applications and pay
use the applications, WeChat can also use to post its own Moments on their walls,
companies and famous people can host its own public account that can generate content
for promotion purpose online.[ CITATION Ang16 \l 17417 ]
The government of China had also utilised a more advanced censor technology which are
“Great Firewall of China” as its own technology to block website which the government
of China deemed illegal. “Great Firewall of China” include blocking foreign internet
tools (e.g. Facebook, Google, Twitter), limiting access to foreign information sources and
requiring foreign companies to adapt to domestic regulations of China.[ CITATION
Wik192 \l 17417 ]
Some of the organization business companies of china tend to use proxy server outside
the firewall, which is using a VPN services to access to blocked website of applications
to gain communications around the world to increase companies ‘revenue.[ CITATION
Wik192 \l 17417 ]
More Functionality
o The Implementation of WeChat are far more better than Facebook as the WeChat
provide payment system allowing people to transfer to friends, pay their bills, even
scans QR code for payment application, as the people just need to attached their
credit card details to the application, so the people no longer have to bring wallet.
The application like WeChat and Weibo can be expand to be use worldwide not just
restricted to be use inside China, which other countries can share information
internationally to each other and also be able to do business with each other using the
same application.
The “Great Firewall of China” could be improve more to be more restricted to violent
content as people can still access blocked website using VPN which are deemed illegal
also. So, to overcome such problem, the government should improve the sensor
technology to be more advanced.
As told before, the business organization can register permission from the government to
the approval of using VPN to access to Facebook to promote their products or use it to
communicate with other business partner internationally, which this would be legal to use
Facebook in China.
The usage of application like WeChat and Weibo should be expand to worldwide, so that
the business organization can communicate easily through the application and also
promote their products easier because it has been using internationally.
Despite that Facebook is used by many people around the world, Facebook is truly an application
which are to be used by many individuals to communicate, doing business, and also play games
through it. Although Facebook is banned in China, but China have developed its own application
like WeChat and Weibo which have similar functionality like functions and have extra features,
this provide the opportunity for the China cooperation to be competitive with other country
which are good for their country. Besides, Facebook are also being use by hackers to steal data
nowadays, so to prevent this, the China have made right choice to ban Facebook as the
application like WeChat and Weibo are under the control of the government of China which is
much more safer than others application from other country
2.4 Market
2.4.1 Possible Risk and Consequences:
2.4.1.1Positive Side:
This indirectly provides the China market an opening to promote a system that has
similar services like Facebook [ CITATION Bab17 \l 17417 ].. For example, WeChat,
Tencent QQ, Baidu Tieba and etc. gain the opportunity to start off their services in China
and even expand throughout the world.
According to [ CITATION Jan171 \l 17417 ], the China market will develop promptly to
establish similar services like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and they are competing for
international market share. This competitive environment leads to many innovative and
creative services to be formed. For instance, WeChat, Sina Weibo and Youku Tudou.
Apply horizontal integration. For example, Weibo company merges with Tik Tok
company because they need each other for the uniqueness and services of each company
so that they are able to come out with a better service. Also, it will be lesser opponents
among the market.
2.4.2.1 Negative Side:
o This undoubtedly causes the economy to decrease gradually as they have lost a prominent
world-wide social platform such as Facebook which can be utilized to advertise a product
to customers globally. This narrows the market in China as customers outside of China
will have limited option to learn about China products.
o China market will not be able to retrieve reliable data from different countries. Customer
data that contains their preferences or browsing properties which is significant will be
difficult to obtain. Prominent social media which is used globally can easily do the trick.
Therefore, China market may be not able to track various countries for customer
preferences to provide the best services or products that meet the requirements of
customers.
Companies can use virtual private network (VPN) to access Facebook to promote and
advertise their products with more effort [ CITATION KRI19 \l 17417 ].
Develop similar services which can possibly compete against Facebook so that it can gain
attention from customers around the world and eventually surpass Facebook [ CITATION
Bab17 \l 17417 ].
Offer a tempting price to buy customer data from other companies across the world to
improve the China market globally.
Adopt the VPN service to access Facebook to sell products there [ CITATION KRI19 \l
17417 ]. Therefore, whenever a customer is interested about a product, Facebook will
recommend and show the customer related products and services even they are from
china.
We think the Chinese government censor the Facebook is the brilliant choice for the China
market side. This is because such action given China an opportunity to build their own market
which produce service similar like Facebook. In which there is a already successful case
whereby WeChat has become the substitute of Facebook in China and even provide more offers
than the Facebook [CITATION Soc19 \l 17417 ]. Furthermore, we support China government
ban the Facebook and other social media from the western side because the government is trying
to protect the economy in China. As China government want to control their market by avoiding
big company like YouTube to monopolize their market, enabling local company to startup their
business.
3.0 Ethical Issues
Based on the case in top, Chinese government think it is right to remove content that is
not interested by their state. Chinese believed that the Xinjiang incident misuse the
Facebook causes the protests by Uighurs in Urumqi[ CITATION Moh09 \l 2052 ].
However, Chinese government such internet control has caused the restlessness and anger
for Chinese citizen [ CITATION ZAI15 \l 2052 ]. As such censorship hinder the freedom
netizen’s freedom [ CITATION ZAI15 \l 2052 ]. Hence, the act subjective relativism is
mean in this example as subjective relativism allowing each person to decide what is
right and wrong (Walker, n.d.). In this case, Chinese government think they are right,
however the Chinese netizen think government is wrong.
Based on the case above, the Chinese government act ethical egoism as they want to
develop its own industry of internet. In current world, we can see that the world’s leading
market capitalization is Google company (636B USD) which is from the US. Amazon
and Facebook are the 2nd and 3rd leading companies. The top 3 were leaded by the US
and then number 4 is Alibaba (356B USD) which is from China. China really feel shame
because they are not even top 3 and they have to do something. This ethical is a moral
fight action that provides self with maximum long-term benefit. So, China banned those
western apps or websites so that they can improve their industry internet and compete
with the US’s in the future[ CITATION Che17 \l 17417 ]. People are also drawn to
ethical egoism because it is consistent with many moral beliefs. For example, it is
consistent with helping China people. According to ethical egoism, it is right to help
others because it is usually in your self-interest which is the government wants to help
out the citizen in china to increase the economy in china by supporting the china apps.
Successful Evidence:
Through some research, we found out that China currently is not the Top 3 in term of
social media market cap, so they want to pay initiative to improve their market
capitalization. In this case, they banned those outsiders’ applications and Social Media
platform so that the China peoples data won’t leaked to the outsiders[ CITATION
Che17 \l 17417 ]. As we know data is the new fuel, so China are doing their part to
protect the data from leaking out from the countries. China developed own social media
and application like WeChat, Qzone + QQ, Sina Weibo, Tik Tok which is the US’s
WhatsApp, Facebook + Messenger, Twitter, Snapchat for the China people so that they
can utilize the same facilities without leaking data to the outsiders.
According to the social media giant Tencent surveyed more than 10,000 users who were
born in 2000 or after, nearly eight over 10 said they thought China was either in its best
time in history or was becoming a better country each day. Nearly the same percentage
said they were very optimistic or quite optimistic about their future. From here we can
show that by supporting our nation apps, the citizen can feel happy because they didn’t
get affected to much negative news or incident. China citizen feel Chinese apps got
everything. Through some research, we founded that Mark Zuckerberg wanted to focus to
upgrading Facebook to the WeChat. The ultimate goal is to merge the payment with the
social media[ CITATION Nic19 \l 17417 ]. This means that China technology is
successful more than the US and become threating as a competitor. Many major shows
that WeChat had win the Facebook such as from mobile payments to gaming to direct
lines of contact to businesses. From here, we can conclude that China technology have
become very advance compare to the other country. For example, Mark Zuckerberg
admire WeChat until they feel want to take “WeChat” as the references for advance apps
technology. This prove that the decision early made which satisfy by mostly citizen, and
the result is the thing that made in china have make proud of becoming the china citizen?
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