Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Common Applications

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Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical
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steel and formed in a range of industry-standard cross-sectional shapes (or
‘Sections’). Structural steel grades are designed with speci c chemical compositions
and mechanical properties formulated for particular applications.
In Europe, structural steel must comply with the European Standard EN 10025, which is
governed by the European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), a subset
of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
There are many examples of European grades of structural steel – for example, S195,
S235, S275, S355, S420, and S460.About
For the purposes of this article, we will focus on the
(/aboutus.aspx)
chemical composition, mechanical properties, and applications of S235, S275, and S355,

which are three common structural steel grades used in all manner of construction
projects across the EU.
In line with the European Standard classi cations, structural steels must be referenced
using standard symbols including but not limited to S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR, and JO,
where: Equipment (/materials-equipment-index.aspx)
‘S’ denotes the fact that it is (/materials-videos-index.aspx)

Videos structural steel;
‘235’ which relates to the minimum yield strength of the steel (tested at a thickness
of 16mm); Webinars (/webinars-index.aspx)
(/)
‘J2’, ‘K2’, ‘JR’, and ‘JO’ all demonstrate the material toughness in relation to the Charpy
impact or ‘V’ notch test methodology;
‘W’ is weathering steel (atmospheric corrosion-resistant);
‘Z’ represents structural steel with improved strength perpendicular to the surface,
and Journals (/materials-journals-index.aspx)
‘C’ is cold-formed.
Depending on the manufacturing process, chemical composition and relevant application,
further letters and classi cations might be used to reference particular grades or
products of structural steel.
The EU standard classi cations are not a global standard and therefore a number of
corresponding grades with the same
Books chemical and mechanical properties may be used in
(/book-reviews-index.aspx)
other parts of the world. For example, structural steels fabricated for the US market must
Contact
be speci ed in accordance with the (/contact.aspx)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
International guidelines are referenced with an ‘A’ and then the relevant grade, for
example, A36 or A53.
EU and US Equivalent Grades
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EU US
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S235 A283C
S275 A570Gr40
S355 A572Gr50
In most countries, structural steel is regulated and must meet a minimum speci c
criterion for shape, size, chemical composition and strength.
About steel
The chemical composition of structural (/aboutus.aspx)
is extremely important and highly regulated.
It is a fundamental factor which de nes the mechanical properties of the steel. In the 
following table, you can seeNews (/materials-news-index.aspx)
the maximum percentage levels of certain regulated
elements present in European structural steel grades S235, S275, and S355.
Chemical Composition of Structural Steels - S235, S275

and S355
Equipment (/materials-equipment-index.aspx)
The Chemical composition of Structural Steel is extremely important and highly regulated.
Videosde
It is a fundamental factor which (/materials-videos-index.aspx)
nes the Mechanical properties of the steel material. In
the following table you can see the Max % levels of certain regulated elements present in
European Structural steel grades S235, S275 and S355.
(/)
EU Grade C% Mn% P% S% Si%
S235 0.22 max 1.60 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max
The chemical Market Reports (/reports-and-docs-index.aspx)

composition of
structural steel is Books (/book-reviews-index.aspx)
incredibly important
to the engineer and Contact (/contact.aspx)
will change with
speci c grades
depending on their
intended use. For example, S355K2W is a structural steel that has been hardened,
denoted by K2, and has been designed with a chemical composition to withstand
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Search... 
increased weathering - W. Therefore, this grade of structural 
steel will have a slightly
di erent chemical composition to the standard S355 grade.
Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel - S235, S275,

S355
The mechanical properties of structural steel are fundamental to its classi cation and
application. Even though chemical composition is a dominant factor in determining the
mechanical properties of steel, it is also very important to understand the minimum
standards for the mechanical properties or performance characteristics, such as yield
strength and tensile strength, which are described in more detail below.
About (/aboutus.aspx)
Yield Strength News (/materials-news-index.aspx)


The yield strength of structural steel measures the minimum force required to create a
permanent deformation in the steel. The naming convention used in European Standard
EN10025 refers to theDirectory
minimum yield strength of the steel grade tested at 16mm thick.
(/materials-engineering-directory.aspx)
Structural SteelEquipment
Minimum Yield Strength at nominal thickness 16mm
(/materials-equipment-index.aspx)
Grade at 16mm
psi N/mm2 (MPa)
S235 33 000 235 N/mm2
(/)
S275 36 000 275 N/mm2
S355 50 000 355 N/mm2
Tensile Strength
The Tensile Strength of structural steel relates to the point at which permanent
deformation occurs when the material is pulled or stretched laterally along its length.
Structural Steel Tensile Strength MPa at Nom thickness between 3mm
Grade and 16mm
S235 Contact (/contact.aspx)

360 – 510 MPa
S275 370 – 530 MPa
S355 470 – 630 MPa

Typical Structural Steel ‘Sections’ / Cross-Sectional
Shapes
Structural steel comes in many grades but is normally sold pre-formed with a de ned
cross-sectional shape, designed for speci c applications. For example, it is common to
nd structural steel sold in I-beams, Z-beams, box lintels, hollow structural section (HSS),
L-shaped and steel plate.
Depending on the desired application, an engineer will specify a grade of steel -usually to
meet minimum strength, maximum weight and possibly weathering requirements, as well
as the sectional shape - relative to the desired location and expected load to be carried or
job to be performed. About (/aboutus.aspx)

Applications of Structural Steel
Structural steels are used in many ways and their application can be diverse. They are
particularly useful because they o er the unique combination of good welding properties
with guaranteed strengths. Structural steel is an extremely adaptable product and is often
favored by engineers trying to maximize
Equipment strength or ‘S’ structure while minimizing its
weight.
It will come as no surprise that the construction industry is the biggest consumer of
Webinars
structural steel, where it is used (/webinars-index.aspx)
for a number of purposes. Whether a small box lintel is
(/)
used to carry the load of a structural wall in a residential property or a vast I-beam is
bolted in place to hold the road surface on a bridge, structural steel can be speci ed,
designed and fabricated for any type of job.
This article was updated on 7th August, 2019.

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Comments
Kashif Khawaja says:

September 2, 2014 at 2:27 PM
How can I calculate the yield strength suitable for my load?
e.g for HEA 340 what yield strength is su cient to carry 5 ton moving crane?
Reply 0 0
Paul Murphy says:
September 3, 2014 at 10:23 AM
Hi Kashif,
I unfortunately cannot give you a de nitive answer. You would have to contact somebody
that has access to a load cell programme i.e. an architect or someone who o er nite
element analysis. About (/aboutus.aspx)
Newsfrom
The highest grade available (/materials-news-index.aspx)
stock is 355N/mm yield at this size though.

If you require any further information please contact enquiries@masteel.co.uk
Reply Directory (/materials-engineering-directory.aspx) 0 0
sujil suji says: Videos (/materials-videos-index.aspx)

December 19, 2014 at 9:24 PM
Dear Sir,
How can I get the P no of this S275 Steel
(/)
Advertise (/advertise) 0 0
Reply

Paul Murphy says:
January 5, 2015 at 11:21 AM
Dear Sujil,
Are you referringSoftware (/engineering-software-index.aspx)

to Phosphorus level of S275 or are you referring to the Pressure
application equivalent (P275)?
Reply 0 0
Rahul Pratap says:
January 6, 2015 at 1:59 AM Contact (/contact.aspx)
PWHT REQUIRED ON S355 GRADE MATERIAL
Reply 0 0
Ramesh Kannan says:
Ramesh Kannan
March 17, 2015 at 3:18 AM
Become
Please can you any one advise mya Member (/azopro
WPS is Quali le/)D1.15-unlimited
ed AWS Search... with charpy and 
without charpy...group II Material Gr X52...can use 355 Material this WPS?
Reply 0 0
Biju Abraham says:

July 28, 2016 at 1:39 AM
Is steel gare S275 is equivelant to ASTM A 36
Reply 0 0
Andrew Collinson says: 

April 10, 2015 at 7:55 AM News (/materials-news-index.aspx)
Hi,
Articlesif(/articles.aspx)
Is there any simple eld test for determining steelwork is S275 or S355?
Thanks
Andrew Directory (/materials-engineering-directory.aspx)
Reply Equipment (/materials-equipment-index.aspx) 0 0
Paul Murphy Videos

says: (/materials-videos-index.aspx)
April 10, 2015 at 10:51 AM
Hi Andrew, Webinars (/webinars-index.aspx)
(/)
The only eld test I believe you can be referring to is a PMI test.
It's a non-destructive spectrographic chemical analysis.
It won't determine which grade it is but might prove it can't be S355.
Hope that makes sense.
Kind Regards,
Paul Murphy (Masteel UK Ltd)
Reply 0 0
Suresh Surendran says:

Suresh Surendran Contact (/contact.aspx)
June 18, 2015 at 2:25 PM
can 275 and 355 grade welded using the same wps
Reply 0 0
Suraj Ranaweera says:

June 30, 2015 at 6:06 AM
can you tell me what can we use as alternative steel for S355.. Japanees Chinese & American
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Reply 0 0
Edir Thamrin says:
July 25, 2016 at 4:47 AM
EH36 or ASTM A572 Gr50
Reply 0 0

sumeet malik says:
July 10, 2015 at 3:25 AM
Articles
What is the di erence between S355H (/articles.aspx)
and S355N/H. Is there any di erence in yield strength
values?
Reply 0 0
emeline marteja Videos (/materials-videos-index.aspx)

says:
My client required ASTMWebinars
A283GR C(/webinars-index.aspx)
Group 1,, we o ered S275 JR for Steel Flat Bar. Is it ok for
them to use S275 JR as an alternative. We don't have A283 GR C in stock right now. Please assist.
(/)
Reply 0 0
Arun Kuttikkattu Vijayan says:

December 15, 2015 at 4:59 AM
What is the equivalent grade of S275 in american standard?
Reply 1 0
Paul Murphy says:

February 26, 2016 at 7:58 AM
Arun,
Closest American equivalent would be either ASTM A36 or A283 GR C
Reply 0 0
Ashraf Asagi says:
January 14, 2016 at 12:26 PM
Become
I'd like to say : thanks , could a Member
you possibly (/azopro
sending mele/) of this article or any o cial
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the source
related to ?? , the best article , I've ever read .
thank
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Reply 0 0
Shridhar Rai says:
March 7, 2016 at 5:43 AM
Is E250 BR is equivalent to S275?
Reply 0 0
Amira El Ayeb says:


April 5, 2016 at 7:39 PM
Hey , How can i nd this material in Solidworks ?
Reply 2 0
Ashraf Asagi says:

December 29, 2017 at 1:02 PM
Amira are you steel strcture engineer
Reply 0 0
(/)
AHMARFARMAN Advertise (/advertise)
says:
July 18, 2019 at 5:07 AM
you can only nd di erent pure
Metals forms
Store of alloys like mild steel , with density 7850
(/metals)
and yst 210 ,but you cant get through di erent grades of steel .
Reply 0 0
Imran Zada says:
April 12, 2016 at 11:37 PM
Market
the values of yield Reports
strength (/reports-and-docs-index.aspx)
is not in ksi,like given . Please make correction it should be 33
000 psi for S235 instead of 33000 ksi.
Reply 0 0
Didik Setiono says: Newsletters (/newsletters)

June 17, 2016 at 1:11 AM
Dear Sir, Search (/search.aspx)
Did S235 J2 equivalent with A333 Gr6 or A36 ???
And S355 J2 equivalent with A572 Gr.50 ???
Thanks for your attention
Didik
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Reply 0 0
Paul Murphy says:

June 17, 2016 at 5:05 AM
Hello Didik,
Generally speaking S235 will not be certi ed as S235J2 you would tend to see this grade
certi ed in S235JR with a EN10204 2.2 certi cate. This grade is not interchangeable with
A333 GR 6 (pipe speci cation) or ASTM A36 (Sheet/plate & structural sections
speci cation).
The EN equivalent of ASTM A36 would be S275JR.

S355J2+N/M is the direct EN equivalent of ASTM A572 GR 50.
Hope this helps.
Reply 0 0
Tracy Kearney says:
June 20, 2016 at 6:27 AM
I am designing using S275 grade steel but I understand that there is no cost di erence
(/)
between the S275 and S355. Is this correct? Is S275 an obsolete grade?
Reply 0 0
Paul MurphyJournals
says:(/materials-journals-index.aspx)
June 23, 2016 at 4:04 AM
Hi Tracy,
I'm afraid the information you have is incorrect. S275 is not an obsolete grade and is still a
Courses
mainstay in the construction (/courses/courses.aspx)
industry perhaps even more so than S355 material.
S355 is a higherMarket
grade ofReports
material(/reports-and-docs-index.aspx)
compared to S275 and therefore there is a cost
di erence between the two grades.
Hope this helps.
Paul Murphy
Reply 0 0
Apex Cary says:
February 26, 2019 at 10:43 PM
Yes Become a Member (/azopro le/)  Search... 
we are using both S235JR and S355J2+N
can you pl con rm what is 'N'?
Thanks
Reply 0 0
AM says:
April 4, 2019 at 12:27 AM
Normalized steel process
Reply 0 0

P K Unnikrishnan says:
July 2, 2016 at 4:29 AM
Equipmentof(/materials-equipment-index.aspx)
In the chemical composition steel what is W stands for
Videos (/materials-videos-index.aspx) 0 0
Reply
(/) Subho Chatterjee says:
July 28, 2016 at 5:07 AM Advertise (/advertise)
IS S235jR SUITABLE FOR MARINE USE ? THIS IS PROPOSED TO BE USED AS PIPE FLANGE FOR
LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM ( UPTO 7 BARMetals
WORKING PRESSURE
Store (/metals)) . STRENGTHWISE , IT IS OK .
SUBHO CHATTERJEE
Reply 0 0
Pushparaj P.V. says:

October 9, 2016 at 8:01 AMCourses (/courses/courses.aspx)
Can I use the ASTM E570 instead of S275JR for handrails. Which one is the higher grade.
Reply 0 0
Stephen Taylor says: Contact (/contact.aspx)

October 24, 2016 at 9:48 AM
is S355NLW Grade Structural Steel readily available in UK
Reply 0 0
Muhammad Farhan says:

November 13, 2016 at 5:50 PM
What
We use cookies to is the approximate
enhance cost of By
your experience. steel grade S355
continuing and S690?
to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. M
Reply 0 0
E. Nussbacher says:
November 21, 2016 at 12:38 AM
One of our contractors claims that S235 is the standard material used for most industrial steel
pro les ans if one wants S355 - it will require a special order with long lead times.
Is this correct?
0 0

Reply
AHMARFARMAN says:
July 18, 2019 at 5:08 AM
yes ,
Reply 0 0
Chellam Muniyandi says:
Webinars
Anybody help me provide (/webinars-index.aspx)
the chemical & Physical properties of BS:4592-5 Steel plate for oor
(/) purpose...
Reply 0 0
Chellam Muniyandi Journals

says: (/materials-journals-index.aspx)
November 29, 2016 at 10:54 PM
I need chemical & physical properties of BS:4592-5 ....Anybody possible to help?
Reply 0 0

Hamdi Ismail says:
Hi, Books (/book-reviews-index.aspx)
- S355 grade need to preheat before welding

Contactprocess? if Yes, what is the preheat temperature and
(/contact.aspx)
how long to preheat? how many % the strength reduce (S355 grade) for built up plate / after
preheat?
Reply 0 0
Keshav Bhojwani Curaçao says: a Member (/azopro le/)

Become  Search... 
Hi, Itoam
We use cookies trying to
enhance order
your a steel structure
experience. that is to
By continuing approx 11m
browse high
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youhas 2 stories
agree to our(ground
use of cookies. M
oor and 2nd oor) . i am getting an o er from Europer (more reliable) for S235JR steel and one from
china for s355JR (Q345B) steel. The second oor is warehousing and needs to hold a lot of weight. A
pallet that we have (for example) weighs over 800kgs. the chinese factore claims that S235JR is NOT
su ciently strong to hold this kind of weight and the steel construction HAS to be S355JR, while the
European company claims di erent. the structure is 27m wide by 36m long and the columns are 9m
and 6m apart respectivly on the ground oor and the second oor is freespan all the way. does
anyone have any advise what steel would be best suited for this project?
thank you!
Reply 0 0
AM says:
NewsAM
April 4, 2019 at 12:28 (/materials-news-index.aspx)

s355JR
Reply 0 0
AHMARFARMAN
Equipmentsays:
July 18, 2019 at 5:10 AM
as 355 denote yst
Reply 0 0
(/)
Jeri Cadi says:

can S355 be welded in A36 steel?
Reply 0 0
Jeri Cadi says: Courses (/courses/courses.aspx)

can S355 be welded to A36
Market steel? What
Reports is the recommended welding process/method?
(/reports-and-docs-index.aspx)
Reply Books (/book-reviews-index.aspx) 0 0
Ritchie Hutton says:
March 22, 2017 at 10:12 AM
We had material supplied viaNewsletters (/newsletters)
a Russian mill as grade S235. When we tested it with an
independant UKAS testing facility the yield and tensile closely matchedthat of S355. Can we request
that the material be upgraded to S355Search (/search.aspx)
and request a re-issue of the mill certs?
Reply 0 0
Abdallah Aschkar says:
April 13, 2017 at 6:03 AM
Hello
I am constructing a vertical tank from S235JR steel, and I would like to know wether I can use S275JR
steel for an accessory, namely the windgirder at the top
The question is are the two types of steel weldable together? The electrode I am using on site is of
grade ER 7018
Reply 0 0
Hafsa Byah says: About (/aboutus.aspx)

May 18, 2017 at 6:03 AM
I NEED INORMATION USE OF (/materials-news-index.aspx)
News S355 IN MARINE STRUCTURES

does anyone have any advise what steel would be besT
Reply 0 0
Pradip Manekar says:

August 30, 2017 at 1:49 AM
I need to ask the S275 grade ---if not available, then can we use C22 grade materials.
Reply 0 0
(/)
Robert Emrys Long says: Advertise (/advertise)
October 1, 2017 at 7:02 AM
corrosion, is there a di erence between the corrosion in salt water of S 235 and S355
where can i nd documentation
thankyou
Reply 0 0
ASAD AHMADI says:

December 26, 2017 at 4:19 AM
Market
what is the meaning of b Reports (/reports-and-docs-index.aspx)
at the end of S235 JRB
Reply Books (/book-reviews-index.aspx) 0 0
Muhammad Muslim says:
January 3, 2018 at 12:36 PM
dear all can anyone send me (S235) materail PQR and wps at
muslim.insp@gmail.com
thanks
Reply Become a Member (/azopro le/) 0 0

 Search... 
MUDD SID says:
January 31, 2018 at 10:01 AM
I need to ask the S235 grade ---if not available, then can we use A36 grade materials.
Reply 0 0
MARTIN HOSSAIN says:

what type of steel mat'l is -- S355 compatable to, mild steel, en19, want to make sleeve
spacers for tightening bolts, and doesAbout
this S355 comes in round stock shaft mat'l
(/aboutus.aspx)
Reply News (/materials-news-index.aspx) 0 0


Senad Kudumović says:
Senad Kudumović
Hi,
I would like to know moreEquipment (/materials-equipment-index.aspx)

about content of Co (cobalt) and Ni (nickel) in S355, since that is not stated
in chemical properties table? Can you please provide that?
Reason for that is because theVideos
plan is(/materials-videos-index.aspx)
to use this material in nuclear facility.
Thanks.
(/) Reply 0 0
Wahid m. says:
Is S275JR is equivalent to S355?
Reply 0 0
Brett Williams says: Courses (/courses/courses.aspx)

I've been advisedMarket
to use 1026 for a(/reports-and-docs-index.aspx)
Reports suspension system but all I can source in South Africa is
S355. Is this equivalent, better, worse?
Thanks,
Brett Contact (/contact.aspx)
Newsletters (/newsletters) 0 0
Reply
MOHAMMED MECHERI says:
January 31, 2019 at 2:10 AM
(/azopro le/) 
How i can select a steel Become a Member  Search...
1) with low tensile strength and high ductility
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Reply 0 0
o r benyamin says:
April 7, 2019 at 12:47 AM
Hi,
what is the approximately yield stress for a S355 STEEL with corrosion, is there any data about it?
Reply 0 0

LIVINUS HORSFALL says:
June 6, 2019 at 4:49 AM
Articles
cost of beam for anchorage S355 (/articles.aspx)
GP EN10248-1
Reply Directory (/materials-engineering-directory.aspx) 0 0
Bryony Coleman says:
July 17, 2019 at 11:20 AM
I am looking for a UK equivalent to Fe 490-2 to comply with BS EN standard, can you help?
please
(/)
Reply 0 0

Ehsan Al Lawati says:
Journals
I have 3 di erent sizes of steel(/materials-journals-index.aspx)
plates with following specs which have gone through a Charpy
Test (3 specimens for each, below I will put average results). How do I know that those three sized
plates have succeeded and passed the
Software test? What are the criteria/ parameters that I need to check
(/engineering-software-index.aspx)
against?
Plate 1: S275JR, sample 200x200x30mm thickness (specimen dimensions 10x10x55 mm), Charpy Test
Impact (0 degrees Temp) Average result 305, Orientation Transverse
Plate 2: S275JR, sample 200x200x20mm thickness (specimen dimensions 10x10x55 mm), Charpy Test
Books
Impact (0 degrees Temp) Average (/book-reviews-index.aspx)
result 159, Orientation Transverse
Plate 3: S275JR, sample 200x200x16mm thickness

Contact (specimen dimensions 10x10x55 mm), Charpy Test
(/contact.aspx)
Impact (0 degrees Temp) Average result 187, Orientation Transverse
Reply 0 0
Pallab Dutta says:

November 19, 2019 at 3:00 Become
AM a Member (/azopro le/)  Search... 
I am stuck in a position where I need some help of expert like you. As per subjected standard
table
We use -1, nitrogen
cookies %, max
to enhance 0.012
your allowable
experience. Byfor grade S355JR,
continuing but mill
to browse thissupplied
site youmaterial
agree to with 0.013%
our use of cookies. M
nitrogen and they are showing cause of acceptance as per footnote ‘f’ of table 1.
My query :
1. “The max, value for nitrogen does not apply” – is this mean, any value can be acceptable, if other
part of the note satis ed?
2. AL content is not as per required value in this case, but they are arguing about ‘su cient’ other N
binding element, like V, Nb, Cr etc., but my query is, what is the ‘su cient’ amount of other N binding
element? Because it is not clear in standard.
Reply 0 0
Naveed Zafar says:
December 3, 2019 at 2:16News
AM (/materials-news-index.aspx)

S275JR would be equivalent to ASTM A36???
Reply 0 0
Vellai C says:
March 17, 2020 at 10:23 AM
can we weld the S355 steel to S275 grade steel?
Reply 0 0
(/)
Vishnu Chandralal says: Advertise (/advertise)
March 25, 2020 at 4:04 AM
“For materials S355JR temperature stands for +20 as per code
For minus (-) temperature without impact need to use S355J2 & S355K2 endure up to -20 degrees.
Please con rm if S355JR materials will endure the cold temperature environment of -6 to -2 degrees
daily all year round. If not then up to what temperature S355JR materials will have no impact.”
Reply 0 0
ag says:
Market
April 13, 2020 at 11:53 AM Reports (/reports-and-docs-index.aspx)
Hello Experts, Can you please advise how to determine , if S420 G2M is group III as per AWS
D1.1 , Books (/book-reviews-index.aspx)
Thank you .
Reply 0 0
Anis Mohabeddine says:
June 24, 2020 at 6:34 AM
Can you tell me what is the di erence between S275 and S235? they have very close
mechanical properties
Reply 0 0
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Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Common Applications

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Chemical Composition of Structural Steels - S235, S275

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