17N =I@ 176+:N JB :DMA=ON JB 17N 176+:N 4O EN ANNAIOE=G, EI OEHAN JB EI?

GAHAIO
4I@EQE@P=GN
:DMA=ON JB 17N
9OMJIC REI@ y;67 >692 }; 73}*,: >0;/
90:2: 6- -}3305. 6~1,*;: 69 -}33
6- 7,9:65:
x,46=, 69 :,*<9, 366:,
4};,90}3:
y,*<9, 73}5;: }5+ :*}--63+:
{:, :<0;}~3, 7,9:65}3
796;,*;0=, ,8<074,5; ,\.\
:}-,;@ /,34,;:
n=}*<};, ;6 :}-, :/,3;,9: ;6
}=60+ ,?76:<9, ;6 :;965.
>05+:
{:, :}-, 4,}5: 6- ;9}5:769;
}5+ 96<;, -69 ,=}*<};065
w96;,*; -964 ~9,}2}., 6-
>05+6> .3}::,:
5ECDOIEIC
8AMNENOAIO
176+:N
m65W; 7,9-694 30-;05. >692 ;6
/0./ 3,=,3
m65W; 7,9-694 >692 }; /,0./;
;/}; *6<3+ 56; ~, :}-,3@
7,9-694,+
m65W; <:, <4~9,33} >/0*/ *}5
*}<:, 36:: 6- ~6+@ ~}3}5*, +<,
;6 :;965. >05+
m65W; :;}@ 5,}9 >05+6>:
y;67 6<;+669 >692 }5+ :;}@
05:0+, :}-, :/,3;,9
y;}@ }>}@ -964 4,;}3 707,:Z
*}~3,Z :;9<*;<9, 69 -,5*,:
x,46=, 4,;}3 6~1,*;: -964
~6+@
y;}@ }>}@ -964 >05+6>:
{:, ~};;,9@[67,9};,+ 9}+06 -69
30:;,505. >,};/,9 ~96}+*}:;:
o6336> :}-,;@ 05:;9<*;065:
j3>}@: 9,4}05 }3,9; 65
*/}5.,: 6- >69205.
,5=09654,5;
k, }3,9; ;6 :0.5: 6- 90:05. >};,9
M=EI 69 05[9<:/ 6- >};,9
w9,7}9, -69 ,=}*<};065 }; }5@
464,5;
k, -}4030}9 >0;/ ;/, ,:*}7,
96<;, 05 *}:, 6- ,4,9.,5*@
o6336> ,:;}~30:/,+ :}-,;@
796*,+<9,:
x,:<4, >692 }; }9,} 653@
>/,5 -366+,+ >};,9 /}: ~,,5
+9}05,+ }>}@ }5+ ;/, .96<5+
*65+0;065: 04796=,+
RA=ODAM, OD=O AHKGJSAMN . KMJKMEAOJMN
m65W; :;}@ 05 >};,9 69 };
,?76:,+ }9,}: =I@ AHKGJSAAN NDJPG@ O=FA KMJHKO
m65W; :;}@ }; }9,}: /0./,9 ;/}5
;/, :<996<5+05. 3}5+:*}7,Z =I@ IA?ANN=MS =?OEJI OJ AINPMA OD=O
:<*/ }: /033;67: MA=NJI=>GS KM=?OE?=>GA N=BAOS
m65W; :;}@ <5+,9 ;9,,:Z 3}47
76:;:Z 69 }5@ *65+<*;0=, HA=NPMAN =MA EI KG=?A =I@ >A MACPG=MGS
6~1,*;: ?JHHPIE?=OA@ OJ =GG ?JI?AMIA@-
m65W; <:, 73<..,+[05 ,3,*;90*}3
,8<074,5;
m65W; <:, *69+,+[;,3,7/65,
m65W; >,}9 /0./3@ *65+<*;0=,
,8<074,5;Z ,\.\ /,}+:,;
m65W; /63+ 96+[302, 69 :/}97
7??PK=OEJI=G 9=BAOS =I@
7605;,+ 365. 6~1,*;:
m65W; 3,}5 }.}05:; =,/0*3,: 69
>}33: 6- :;9<*;<9, 3A=GOD 4IBJMH=OEJI 2PE@A JI 9=BAOS =O <JMF
m65W; 9,3@ 65 9<~~,9 ~66;: }5+
q- @6< >0:/ ;6 256> 469, }~6<; 6**<7};065}3 :}-,;@ }5+ /,}3;/ 05-694};065Z @6< 4}@
9}05*6};: }: 796;,*;065 -964
30./;505. :;902, *65;}*; v**<7};065}3 y}-,;@ }5+ p,}3;/ k9}5*/ 6- ;/, s}~6<9 m,7}9;4,5; ;/96<./ [
p6;305, h `ccg ``ge
m65W; :;}@ 5,}9 :;,,7 :367,Z
n[4}03 h ,58<09@i3}~6<9\.6=\/2
05:0+, ,?*}=};,+ ;9,5*/Z }5+
+65W; ;}2, :/,3;,9 05:0+,
q5-694};065 65 ;/, :,9=0*,: 6--,9,+ ~@ v**<7};065}3 y}-,;@ }5+ p,}3;/ l6<5*03 *}5
*<3=,9;: }5+ +9}05}., 707,:
~, 6~;}05,+ ;/96<./ /6;305, `eag g^^^\
;6 }=60+ ;/, +}5.,9 6- -366+05.
69 *633}7:,+ :603
m65W; >}32 ;/96<./ -366+,+ 7ODAM 4IBJMH=OEJI
>};,9 >0;/6<; 256>05. ;/, Bl6+, 6- w9}*;0*, 05 ;04,: 6- z@7/665: }5+ x}05:;694:C
*65+0;065: 6- ;/, .96<5+ p64,7}., }++9,::h /;;7h]]>>>\3}~6<9\.6=\/2
z,3,7/65, n58<09@ y,9=0*,h `e_e _ee_
m65W; ;}2, :/,3;,9 05 *}9: ;/};
}9, 6<; 6- 69+,9
0JHKG=EION
q- @6< /}=, }5@ *6473}05;: }~6<; <5:}-, >69273}*,: }5+ 79}*;0*,:Z 73,}:,
*}33 ;/, s}~6<9 m,7}9;4,5;W: v**<7};065}3 y}-,;@ }5+ p,}3;/ *6473}05;
/6;305, 65 `cb` `_e`\ j33 *6473}05;: >033 ~, ;9,};,+ 05 ;/, :;90*;,:; *65-0+,5*,\

w<~30:/,+ ~@ ;/, s}~6<9 m,7}9;4,5; b]`^_^[_}[sec

c d e

合成的
 4IOMJ@P?OEJI 9=BAOS ;KJI MA?AEQEIC <=MIEIC 9ECI=GN
n}*/ @,}9Z p65. r65. ,?7,90,5*,: ;@7/665:Z 9}05:;694: }5+ 8MA?=POEJIN @PMEIC <JMF
;/<5+,9:;694: ~,;>,,5 40+[:7905. }5+ 40+[}<;<45Z }5+ :;965. y,906<: 69 ,=,5 -};}3 }**0+,5;: 4}@ 6**<9 }; >69273}*,: <5+,9 05*3,4,5;
465:665 >05+: 05 :<44,9 }5+ >05;,9\ z/,:, }+=,9:, >,};/,9
*65+0;065: 4}@ *}<:, }**0+,5;: }; >69273}*,:\
>,};/,9 *65+0;065:h k,-69, l644,5*,4,5; 6- |692 _\q5 ;/, ,=,5; 6- >}9505.: 0::<,+ ~@ ;/, p65. r65.
v~:,9=};69@Z -6336> ;/, ,:;}~30:/,+ :}-,;@
9JPM?AN JB 796*,+<9,:\
D=T=M@N 9OMJIC REI@ 5ECDOIEIC 8AMNENOAIO M=EI _\ l65+<*; 90:2 }::,::4,5; 65 >69205.
{5+,9 ;/, v**<7};065}3 y}-,;@ }5+ p,}3;/ v9+05}5*, Xl/}7;,9 c^gY <5+,9 05*3,4,5; >,};/,9 *65+0;065:Z `\ y<:7,5+ 044,+0};,3@ }33 6<;+669 >692 05 ,?76:,+
}5+ o}*;690,: }5+ q5+<:;90}3 {5+,9;}205.: v9+05}5*, Xl/}7;,9 cgYZ 4I?GAHAIO z@7/665: z/<5+,9:;694: z@7/665: 0+,5;0-@ }5+ }5}3@A, ;/, /}A}9+:\ }9,}: >/,9, ,4736@,,: }9, 30}~3, ;6 ~, ,5+}5.,9,+
,4736@,9:]796790,;69: /}=, ;/, 6~30.};065 ;6 ,5:<9, ;/, :}-,;@ }5+ RA=ODAM y;965. 465:665 z/<5+,9:;694: ~@ ;/, }+=,9:, >,};/,9 *65+0;065: :<*/ }: 9}05:;694Z
`\ o694<3};, :}-,;@ 73}5 }5+ ,4,9.,5*@ ;/<5+,9:;694 }5+ ;@7/665\ n4736@,,: :/6<3+ ;}2,
/,}3;/ 6- ;/,09 ,4736@,,: }; >692\ t,}5>/03,Z ,4736@,,: /}=, ;/, >05+: x}05:;694:
73}5: >0;/ +6*<4,5;,+ 796*,+<9,: :/,3;,9 05 :}-, 73}*,:\
+<;@ ;6 ;}2, *}9, 6- ;/,4:,3=,:Z }: >,33 }: 6;/,9:Z }5+ ;6 *6[67,9};, 65 *644<50*};065 6- >,};/,9
>0;/ ;/,09 ,4736@,9:]796790,;69: ;6 *6473@ >0;/ ;/, :}-,;@ 9,8<09,4,5;:\ 8JNNE>GA l633}7:, 6- n3,*;90* :/6*2 n3,*;90* :/6*2 69 05-694};065Z ;9}--0* }99}5.,4,5;:Z a\ q5:7,*; 05+669 >69273}*,: }5+ *65:0+,9 :<:7,5:065
;,4769}9@ 69 ,3,*;96*<;065 ,3,*;96*<;065 +<, ;6 ,=}*<};065 96<;,Z :}-, :/,3;,9:Z -09:;
0JINALPAI?A 6- ;/6:, >692 ;/}; *}556; ~, 7,9-694,+ :}-,3@\
3,}2}., 6- *<99,5; -964 }0+ -}*030;0,: }5+ ~}*2 <7 :,9=0*,:Z
|/,9, ,4736@,,: }9, 9,8<09,+ ;6 >692 +<905. 05*3,4,5; >,};/,9Z :;9<*;<9,: 69 ;6 7,673,
>,; ,3,*;90*}3 ,;*\ b\ s0:;,5 ;6 ;/, 3};,:; >,};/,9 ~96}+*}:;: 0::<,+ ~@
;/,09 ,4736@,9:]796790,;69: :/6<3+ ,5:<9, ;/}; }33 90:2: }9, ,30405};,+ 73}5;: *}<:05. +09,*;3@ 69
,8<074,5; ;/, p65. r65. v~:,9=};69@ }5+ 79,7}9, -69 044,+0};, ,=}*<};065 -964 ;/,
69 ,--,*;0=,3@ 9,+<*,+ ;6 ;/, 40504<4\ 051<9@ ;6 7,673, ; / 9 6 < . / y307705. }90:05. -964 a\ o694<3};, ;9}0505. 796.9}44, }5+ 796=0+, ;9}0505. ;6 ,4736@,,: 65 /}A}9+:Z }5+ >69273}*,:\
5,}9~@ }5+ *65+<*;0=, >,; -3669 :<9-}*, ;/<: 79,*}<;065:Z 05 05*3,4,5; >,};/,9 *65+0;065:\
z/0: .<0+, }04: ;6 ,5/}5*, ;/, :}-,;@ }>}9,5,:: 6- ~6;/ +}4}., ;6 6~1,*;: y307705. 6- ;663:Z
,4736@,9:]796790,;69: }5+ ,4736@,,:Z >0;/ } =0,> ;6 }=60+05. ,8<074,5;Z 69 }9;0*3,: b\ j77605; }5 6=,9:,,9 ;6 4650;69 */}5.,: 05 >,};/,9 *65+0;065: 302,3@ ;6 }--,*; ;/,
7967,9;@ o09,
:}-,;@ 6- ,4736@,,:\
}**0+,5;: }; >69273}*,: 05 ;04,: 6- 05*3,4,5; >,};/,9\ s6:: 6- ~6+@ -964 /}5+:
~}3}5*, 9,:<3;05.
o366+05. 3,}+05. ;6
+96>505. }5+ +}4}.,
c\ q5:;}33 }7796790};, >}9505. :@:;,4Z :<*/ }: }5,464,;,9 }5+ 30./;505. >}9505. /BOAM 0=I?AGG=OEJI JB
05 -}33:
o3@05. 69 -}3305.
;6 73}5;: 69 :;9<*;<9,:
:@:;,4Z >0;/ 9,.}9+ ;6 ;/, 5};<9, 6- >692 ;6 .0=, ,4736@,,: 9,}3 ;04, >}9505. ;6
;}2, }7796790};, 4,}:<9,:\ <=MIEIC 9ECI=GN
s}5+:307: }: } 9,:<3; 6-
6~1,*;: 7,9:0:;,5; /,}=@ 9}05-}33 d\ w96=0+, :}-, :/,3;,9: 69 :;9<*;<9,: ;/}; *}5 796;,*; ,4736@,,: -964 ;/, }+=,9:, _\ j::,:: ;/, ,--,*;: 6- }+=,9:, >,};/,9 *65+0;065: |}9505. y0.5}3 q:
s0-;,+
l633}7:, 6- 96}+: ,--,*;: 6- :;965. >05+Z 30./;505. }5+ 9}05:;694\ 65 ;/, >69273}*, }5+ 796/0~0; ,5;9@ 05;6 }9,}: ;/};
}9, :;033 +}5.,96<:\
<JMF 3=T=M@N e\ l9}5,: }5+ 6;/,9 ;}33 30-;05. }7730}5*,: :/6<3+ ~, 7967,93@ ~65+,+ ;6 ,}9;/ -69

EI OEHAN JB 4I?GAHAIO <A=ODAM 796;,*;065 -964 30./;505.\ `\ s0:;,5 ;6 >,};/,9 ~96}+*}:;: }5+ 4}05;}05 ;/,
/0./,:; }3,9;5,:: ;6 76::0~3, 9,=0=}3 6- u6

f\ w96=0+, *644<50*};065 :@:;,4Z 9}+06Z }5+ }7796790};, 7,9:65}3 796;,*;0=, ,8<074,5; ;/<5+,9:;694:Z 9}05:;694: }5+ ;@7/665: :/69;3@
{5}<;/690A,+
n5;9@

-69 <:, ~@ ,4736@,,: >/6 /}=, :7,*0-0* +<;0,: 05 ;04,: 6- 05*3,4,5; >,};/,9\ }-;,9 ;/, *}5*,33};065 69 +6>5.9}+05. 6- ;/, >}9505.
q5*3,4,5; |,};/,9 4}@ *9,};, +}5.,9 ;6 7,673, >69205. 6<;+669:Z ,:7,*0}33@ 05 :0.5}3\ y0;, y}-,;@

,?76:,+ }9,}:\ y64,;04,:Z 7,673, >69205. 05 *6=,9,+ :;9<*;<9,: 69 05+669: 4}@ g\ w96=0+, :}-, 4,}5: 6- ;9}5:769; }5+ 96<;, -69 ,=}*<};065 ;6 :}-, :/,3;,9: 05 ;/, q5:7,*;065

,=,5; 6- }+=,9:, >,};/,9 *65+0;065:\ a\ x,:<4, >692 653@ }-;,9 } ;/696<./ ,?}405};065
}3:6 ~, }--,*;,+\
;6 ,5:<9, ;/, :}-, >69205. *65+0;065 6- 30-;05.
}7730}5*,:Z :*}--63+:Z :<:7,5+,+ >69205. 73};-694:Z
,3,*;90*}3 05:;}33};065:Z }5+ 6;/,9 73}5;:\

_ ` a b

合成的