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Design of An Efficient Gear Driven Bicyc PDF
Design of An Efficient Gear Driven Bicyc PDF
Design of An Efficient Gear Driven Bicyc PDF
IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
DESIGN OF AN EFFICIENT GEAR DRIVEN BICYCLE
K. Rajasuthan*, G. Balaji, M. Palpandi
*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul,
India
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul,
India
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul,
India
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.220999
ABSTRACT
In our project bicycle is driven with a series of spur gears which will increase the speed of bicycle and also the
bicycles becomes more efficient than a conventional sprocket driven bicycle. Spur gears are used in series to
transmit power from the pedal to the rear wheel of the bicycle. This bicycle enables us to put less effort for
pedaling. For a very low input effort, we can get maximum output. Distance covered by this gear driven bicycle
for few minutes of pedaling will also be 3-4 times more than that of the ordinary sprocket driven bicycle.
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
The gear driven bicycle is an improved version of ordinary sprocket driven bicycle. The initial cost of this bicycle
is high when compared with that of chain driven bicycle. But the main advantage of this bicycle is its efficiency.
This cycle is exclusively intended for achieving high output with only less efforts. A cyclist's legs produce power
optimally within a narrow pedaling speed range, or cadence. Gearing can be optimized to use this narrow range
as efficiently as possible. As in other types of transmissions, the gear ratio is closely related to the mechanical
advantage of the drivetrain of the bicycle. On single-speed bicycles and multi-speed bicycles using derailleur
gears, the gear ratio depends on the ratio of the number of teeth on the chaining to the number of teeth on the rear
sprocket (cog). For bicycles equipped with hub gears, the gear ratio also depends on the internal planetary gears
within the hub. For a shaft-driven bicycle the gear ratio depends on the bevel gears used at each end of the shaft.For
a bicycle to travel at the same speed, using a lower gear (larger mechanical advantage) requires the rider to pedal
at a faster cadence, but with less force. Conversely, a higher gear (smaller mechanical advantage) provides a
higher speed for a given cadence, but requires the rider to exert greater force. Different cyclists may have different
preferences for cadence and pedaling force. Prolonged exertion of too much force in too high a gear at too low a
cadence can increase the chance of knee damage; cadence above 100 rpm becomes less effective after short bursts,
as during a sprint. But we are not going to use the regular gear cycle concept. Instead of the chain and the sprocket
vthe bicycle is fitted with a series of spur gears with specific gear ratio and number of teeth. The number of teeth
for the spur gear placed in the pedal sprocket has higher number of teeth. Then for the rest of spur gears the
number of teeth gradually decreases. When coming to the rear wheel the gear fitted in the rear wheel has the
lowest number of teeth. When these series of spur gears are meshed the power we give as input through the pedal
is completely transmitted as output with no loss in power.
GEAR SYSTEM
A gear system is a system in which a set or a series of gears are meshed to transmit torque and power between the
input and the output shaft. There are number of examples for the usage of gear systems such as all two wheelers
all lathe and lathe related machines.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Gear driven bicycle consists of a cycle, a set of six spur gears with different diameters and number of teeths, a
TVS XL super chain cover and a bearing. In place of the sprocket the gear with the largest number of teeth is
welded. Then further following that gear five consequent gears are meshed together. To make the cycle with those
six cast iron gears weightless we used gas cutting process. This gas cutting process reduces the cycle’s weight.
Bearing is fitted in the centre of the gear with the largest number of teeth. This bearing makes pedalling easier.
To cover the exposed spur gears a chain cover of TVS XL Super is bolted with the frame of the bicycle. . Instead
of the chain and the sprocket vthe bicycle is fitted with a series of spur gears with specific gear ratio and number
of teeth. The number of teeth for the spur gear placed in the pedal sprocket has higher number of teeth. Then for
the rest of spur gears the number of teeth gradually decreases. When coming to the rear wheel the gear fitted in
the rear wheel has the lowest number of teeth. When these series of spur gears are meshed the power we give as
input through the pedal is completely transmitted as output with no loss in power.
DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT
GEARS:
Selection of gears:
Gears are selected based on the following factors. They are as follows:
1. Application
2. Environment
3. Life
4. Noise
5. Efficiency
6. Cost
7. Space required
In a different planetary arrangement, the ring may be left to move freely. This is done by restricting the planets
from orbiting round the sun. This action results in the ring gear rotating in an opposite direction to that of the sun.
Thus a differential gear drive is effected as a result of rotation of both the ring gear and the planet carrier. The
output speed of the shafts are interdependent.
Rack and pinion gears are also one of the most useful gears used in all manufacturing machines. It can be used
for various purposes. They are below:
Rack and pinion Gear are another variety of Spur gears. Actually a Rack is defined as a straight bar that has teeth
which are cut straight and across. Basically, The Rack is considered as a spur gear that is unrolled and laid flat.
Pinion is the normal gear. A rack and pinion is really a very special example of spur gearing. The rack-and-pinion
has been found to be specially useful in conversion of rotary motion into linear and vice versa. Rotating a pinion
produces a linear motion of the rack. Alternately moving a rack causes rotation in the pinion.
The following two types of principle properties of materials decisively affect their selection:
The various mechanial properties concerned are sterngth in tensile,compressive shear, bending,torsion and
buckling load, elastic limit, endurance limit, modulus of elasticity,hardness,wear resistance. The various
manufacturing properties concerned are
1. Cast ability
Cost:
When manufacturing and fabrication of any component is considered cost is the major criteria we should keep an
eye on. Good quality material as well as cheap is selected for fabrication of gear.
GEAR DRIVEN BICYCLE:
CONSTRUCTION
The construction of this gear driven bicycle consists of a cycle, a set of six spur gears with different diameters
and number of teeths, a TVS XL super chain cover and a bearing. In place of the sprocket the gear with the largest
number of teeth is welded. Then further following that gear five consequent gears are meshed together. To make
the cycle with those six cast iron gears weightless we used gas cutting process. This gas cutting process reduces
the cycle’s weight. Bearing is fitted in the centre of the gear with the largest number of teeth. This bearing makes
WORKING
The working principle of this gear driven bicycle is that when the bicycle is pedalled spur gear attached with the
pedal rotates and this in turn rotates further the following series of spur gears. There are six spur gears used here
for meshing. Number of gears used mainly depends upon the direction of rotation of the gears. Six spur gears are
used here in order to make the rotation of the spur gear attached with the rear wheel in counter clockwise direction,
so that the vehicle can move forward.
DESIGN CALCULATION
To get the power output from the driving first gear to all the entire meshing gears upto last, for each pair power
output is calculated seperately, and then compared with the adjacent meshing gears.
𝟔𝟎∗𝟐.𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Mt= =238.73 N-m
𝟐∗𝝅∗𝟏𝟎𝟎
Kcl = 0.6615
[σc]= 2.3*260*0.6615
[σc]=395 N/mm2
(6) Calculation of centre distance (a):
i = 0.26
[σc]=395 N/mm2
Eeq=1.7* 105 N/mm2
[Mt] =310.34* 103 Nmm
𝜑 = 0.3
On substituting these values in above equvation we get a=178.9 mm
(7) Calculation of module (m) :
b1 = 0.3* 290 = 87 mm
pitch circle diameter: d1 = m* Z1 = 4* 115 = 460 mm
π d1 N1
pitch line velocity: v1 = = 2.4 m/s
60
V1 = 0.18
Standardising 𝛗p = 0.2
(10) Selection of quality of gear :
For v= 2.4 m/s and HB >350
IS quality 8 gears are selected.
(11) Revision of design torque [M t] :
(a) Revise K:
For𝛗p = 0.2; K= 1
(b) Revise Kd :
For v= 2.4 m/s; Kd= 1
(c ) Revise [Mt] = Mt* K* Kd =238.73* 1* 1
[Mt]= 238.73 Nm
(12) Check for Bending stress σb :
i=0.26
Eeq =1.7* 105 N/mm2
[Mt] =310.34*103Nmm
b= 87mm
a=290mm
On substituting these values in the above equation we get
σc = 174.29 N/mm2
60∗2.5∗1000
Mt=
2𝜋∗384.6
Mt=62.07 N-m
[Mt]=62.07*1.3
[Mt]=80.69 N-m
(3) Calculation of Eeq ,[σb] and [σc]:
[σb]1---2 = [σb]2----3 =[σb]3-----4 = [σb]4----5 = [σb]5----6
[σc]1---2 = [σc]2----3= [σc]3-----4 = [σc]4----5 = [σc]5----6
(4) calculation of centre distance (a) :
For
i=4.5
[σc]=395.57 N/mm2
Eeq=1.7*105 N/mm2
[Mt]=80.64 *103 N-mm
𝛗= 0.3
On substituting these values in above equvation we get
a=180.49 mm
(5) calculation of module (m):
m=2a/(z2+z3)
a=180.49 mm
Z2=30
Z3=135
On substituting these values we get
m=2.18mm
For standard module
m= 4 mm
(6) Revision of centre distance (a) :
a= m/(Z2+Z3)
m= 4 mm
Z2=30
Z3=135
On substituting these values we get
a=330mm
b= 0.3*330=99mm
pitch circle diameter :
d2 = m* Z2
d2= 4*30 = 120mm
v2 = (π d2 N2)/60
v2 = 2.14 m/sec
φp=0.825
Standardising 𝛗p =1
(8) Revision of design torque [Mt] :
(a) Revise K:
For 𝛗p=1
K=1.1
(b) Revise Kd :
For v= 2.4 m/s
Kd= 1
(c ) Revise [Mt] = Mt* K* Kd
= 62.07* 1.1* 1
[Mt] =68.27Nm
(9) Check for Bending stress σb :
i= 0.45
a= 330 mm
m=4 mm
b= 99 mm
y= 0.1450
[Mt]= 68.27*103 N mm
On substituting these values in the above equation we get
σb= 29.80 N/ mm2
σb < [σb] Design is safe
(10) Check for induced contact stress σc:
i=0.45
Eeq = 1.7* 105 N/mm
[Mt] = 310.34* 103 Nmm2
b= 99mm
a=330mm
On substituting these values in the above equation we get
σc = 173.33N/mm2
σc< [σc] Design is safe
CONCLUSION
This report deals with “DESIGN OF AN EFFICIENT GEAR DRIVEN BICYCLE”. Thus the efficiency of
this gear driven bicycle is 10% greater than that of the conventional chain driven bicycle. It also reduces the human
effort and can be driven without feeling dried for a prolonged period of time.
REFEREENCE
[1] A.M.Ummuhaani and Dr.P.Sadagopan “Design, Fabrication and Stress Analysis of a Composite
Propeller Shaft, 2011-28-0013.