Revision: Main phonological processes

GH. 102521

MAIN DEVELOPMENTS:
Diachronic development of sounds, from Old English into Present-day
English (when surrounding sounds, weakening or other influences are not
altering them).

SHORT VOWELS

• OE [i] > ME [i] > ModE [i] > PdE. [ɪ]

• OE [e] > ME [e] > ModE [e] > PdE. [e]
• OE [æ] > ME [a] > 1653 [æ] > PdE. [æ]
Free Change Fronting
• OE [ɑ] > ME [a] > 1653 [æ] > PdE. [æ]
Fronting
• OE [o] > ME [o] > ModE [o] > PdE. [ɒ]
• OE [u] > ME [u] > ModE [u] > PdE. [ʊ]
> 1640 [ʌ] > PdE. [ʌ]
Centralization & Loss of lip-rounding
• OE <y> [ü] > ME [i] > ModE [i] > PdE. [ɪ]
North & Eastern Development
• OE <y> [ü] > ME [u] > ModE [u] > PdE. [ʊ]
> 1640 [ʌ] > PdE. [ʌ]
Western Centralization &
Development Loss of lip-rounding

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• OE y [ü] > ME [e] > ModE [e] > PdE. [e]

Kentish Development

LONG VOWELS

• OE [i:] > ME [i:] > eModE. [ai] > PdE. [aɪ]

GVS
• OE [e:] > ME [e:] > eModE [i:] > PdE [i:]
GVS
• OE [æ:] > ME [ε:] > eModE [e:] > [i:] > PdE [i:]
Free change GVS
• OE [ɑ:] > ME [ɔ:] > eModE [o:] > 18th. [ou] > 19th. [ǝu] > PdE [ǝʊ]
South GVS Diphthon- Centralization
gization of the first
element of the
dipth.
> ME [a:] > eModE. [æ:] > [ε:] > [e:] > 19th. [ei] > PdE [eɪ]
North GVS

• OE [o:] > ME [o:] > eModE [u:] > PdE [u(:)]

GVS
• OE [u:] > ME [u:] > eModE [au] > PdE [aʊ]
GVS

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• OE <ȳ> [ü:] > ME [i:] > e.Mod.E. [ai] > PdE [aɪ]
North & Eastern GVS
development
• OE <ȳ> [ü:] > ME [u:] > eModE [au] > PdE [aʊ]
Western GVS
development
• OE <ȳ> [ü:] > ME [e:] > eModE [i:] > PdE [i:]
Kentish GVS
Development

DIPHTHONGS

• OE <eo> [eo] > ME [e] > ModE [e] >PdE. [e]

Monophthongization
(Eastern development)
• OE <eo> [eo] > ME [o] > ModE [o] >PdE. [ɒ]
Monophthongization
(Western development)

• OE ēo [e:o]> ME [e:] > eModE [i:] > PdE [i:]

Monophthongization GVS
(Eastern development)
• OE ēo [e:o] > ME [o:] > eModE [u:] > PdE [u:]
Monophthongization GVS
(Western development)

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• OE <ea> [æɑ] > ME [a] > 1653 [æ] > PdE [æ]
Monophthongization Fronting
+ Free change

• OE <ēa> [æ:ɑ] > ME [ε:] > eModE [e:] > [i:] > PdE [i:]
Monophthongization GVS