PayPal Name Lynn@butkus.

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lf .lillf.rulfi

E RN ST LE ITZ GMBH WETZLAR

 .|35
A LEICA lll f with o m m H E K T O Rl e n s o n d
o universol focusing bellows wos used for
oll photogrophs contoined in this booklel.
E x c e p t i o n so r e t h e i l l u s t r o t i o n so n p o g e s 5 o n d
1 7 , w h i c h w e r e m o d e w i i h o 5 0 m m E L M A Rl e n s .

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r
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L

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 '16
r nd ronsefinder
f W f N E Y E P I E C Eo t v i e w f i n d e o poge
@

@ vTEWFTNDER
wrNDow pog" l7

wtNDows(rwo)
@ nnNoEFtNDER poge I 8

AEDJUSTMENT p q g el 9
@ nnNoEFtNDER
EYEPIEC

@ n r w r N D r NKGN o B poges27 ond 33

LEVERf =Flin
@ nrvensrNG f&uA|"i"!iiil"" pose
33
ACCESSORY SHOE f o r s p e c i o vl i e w f i n d e res t c . pose 16
@

F LA SHC ON T AC TS C A L E
AD J US T A B LE
with red contoct numbers poge 34

@ torrnsn PLUG socKET

connect flosh ottochment coble poge 35

You qre now reody to proclice with the unlooded comero. Con'
t i n u e u n t i l y o u o r e t h o r o u g h l y f o m i l i o r w i t h t h e i n s t r u c t i o n sg i v e n i n
the following poges ond con even operote your LEICAin the dork.
A
W
I
\.tr'./r\
(.'^l\A
tt

Rdulii\
XVEXj!\ -
v -.'./ qr. )

'
' I .
www.butkus.us
 KNoB
O wtNDrNG
o d v o n c e st h e f i l m o n d w i n d s s h u t t e r i n o n e o p e r o t i o n poge 4
These two poges indicote the
vqrious ports ond controls of
@ nuroMATlc ExposuREcou NTER pose4 i
t h e L E I C A .C o m p o r e t h e i l l u s -
trotion on the left with your
@ snurTER
RELEAsE ' poge 4
comero bui do not yet operote
ony knob, button or lever.

@ rrrn TYPE
tNDtcAToR poge 5 ;

@ rnsr sHUTTER.sPD
EEI ADL l
f o r s p e e d s f r o m r l x s e c . t o l / r o o os e c . o n d " B u l b " poge 6 i

@ sLow sHuTTER-sPEED
DIAL
for speeds trom llzs sec. to I sec. ond "Time" poge 7

t, @ rnls DtApH
RAGMADJu sTMENT . poe"I 1

@ rocustNc LEVER cATcH pose12

wtTHtNFtNtTy

@ otsuNcEscALE p o s e12

@ ornrs oF FIELD
scALE p o g e1 5

.
 Sef reve rsing lever
lo A (= odvonce)
O r u R Nw r N D r N G
KNoB
in the directionindicoted by the orrow until it
c o m e s t o g s t o p . T h i s .o p e r o t i o n s i m u l t o n e o u s l y
w i n d s t h e s h u t t e ro n d o d v o n c e st h e f i l m f o r t h e n e x t
e x p o s u r e . D o u b l e e x p o s u r e so r e t h u s p r e v e n t e d .

O rHEEXposuRE
couNTER
o u t o m o t i c o l l y r e g i s t e r st h e n u m b e r o f e x p o s u r e s
mode.,provided i-twos set to 0 when the new film
w o s i n s e r t e d .N o t e : t h e d i o l m o y b e t u r n e d i n
o n o n t i - c l o c k w i s ed i r e c t i o n ,i n d e p e n d e n t l yo f t h e
k n ob .

O S H U T T ERRE L E A S E
Affer looding with film 3380o
se f e x p o s u r e c o u n l e r l o 0

Roufine Prqcfice:
Set exposure counfer to O, wind

;:f,";"l;3'?.,13
l "3f,i',!Zt'"?i!;
While fhe shutter is oper -
ofing the m oin speed diol
www.butkus.us
revolves. Avoid touchino it
when pr essing the bution.

4
O tNDtcAToR
r H E F I L MT Y P E
o n t h e w i n d i n g k n o b i s s e tt o t h e t y p e o n d
speed of film used ond o new odiustment
m o d ew h e n e v e rt h e c o m e r o i s l o o d e d w i t h
d i f f e r e n t n e g o t i v em o t e r i o l .F i l ms p e e d so r e
s h o w n i n A S A q n d W e s t o n E x p o s u r eI n d e x
Numbers.

T o s e t t h e f i l m t y p e i n d i c o t o r ,l i f t t h e m i l l e d
edge of the winding knob. For block-ond-
white film turn it in the directionof the engrovedorrow ond lel it drop inlo ploce
ot the correctseiting.The letteringwill then be in white on block.For colourfilm lift
the millededge ond turn os for os requiredogoinstthe directionof fhe orrow. The
lettersASA ond Wesion ore lhen in white on red, which showsthot the comerois
loodedwith colourfilm. Thespeedfigure itselfis olwoyswhite on block.

The winding knob is olso ovoiloble with o film type indicolor for DIN ond ASA speed volues'
 S E T TNIG T H ES P E E DD I A L S
T h e o l d f o s h i o n e di n v i t o -
tion by the portroit photo-
g r opher to "wotch the
birdie" hos given ploce
to the quiet click of the
LEICA shutter.
M o d e r n l e n s e so n d e m u l -
sions hove reduced ex-
p o s ur e t i m e sf r o m m i n u t e s
to froctions of o second.
T h e L E I C AM o d e l l l l f h o s
t w o s h u t t e rs p e e d d i o l s :
the moin diol on the top
o n d t h e s l o w s p e e dd i o l o n
the front of the comerq.
After windino shuf-
ler, lifr mdin- speed
d i o l , t u r n i t u n ti l l h e
d e s i r e d s pe e d i s o p -
posile the orrow crnd
ollow lhe diol lo
d r o p i n f o i ts co fch .
A f l / r o o os e c. fh e d i o l
w i l l n o l d ro p b o ck
www.butkus.us
g u i f e s o d e e p l y.
O FASTSHUTTER.SPEED
DIAL
T h e e n g r q v e df i g u r e so r e t h e d e n o m i n o t o r s
o f t h e f r q c t i o n so f o s e c c n d t h e y r e p r e s e n t ,
e . g . 5 0 i n d i c o f e s l / s os e c . , l C 0 0 s i g n i f i e s
l / r o o so e c . o n d s o o n . T h e s p e e d i s s e t o f t e r
winding the shutter by roising the diql
ond turning it until the desired figure
f o l l s o p p c s i t et h e o r r o w . l t i s t h e n o l l o w -
ed to spring bock into its seoting.When
set to "B" (bulb or brief time)the shutter
r e m o i n s o p e n o s l o n g o s p r e s s u r eo n t h e
r e l e q s eb u t t o n i s m o i n t o i n e d . W h e n t h e
shutter is rewound the diol returns to
t h e p o s i t i o n o c c u p i e d b e f o r e r e l e o s e .T h e
diql need not, therefore, be odiusted
u n l e s so d i f f e r e n t s p e e d i s r e q u i r e d .
W h e n e x p o s u r e sl o n g e r t h o n l / z ss e c . o r e
r e q u i r e d t h e s l o w s h u t t e r - s p e e dd i o l i s
brought into plqy os indicoted overleof.
6

,MPORTANI RUI.E:
F o r e x p o su re s o f l l zsse c. o nd fosler lhe
s h u f f e r - sp e e d d i o l o n th e top of the
c o m e r q i s se l fo th e d e si re d speed, bul
l h e s l o w-sp e e d d i o l mu st b e fir st set fo
r e d f i g u r e 2 5 . fo mo ke e xp osur es longer
f h q n l / zs se c , fi rst se t fh e top diol lo
red mark 25-1. Thus, when working ql
1 l 2 ss e c . ,b o th d i o l s o re se t q t r ed figur es.
@ S L O W S H U T T E R - S P ED
E IDA L
Before settingthis diol the top diol of
the LEICAlll f must be set to the red
index 25-1. This is mosf importonf. The
f i g u r e s o n t h e s l o w - s p e e dd i o l c o n b e
reod from obove ond provide for ex-
p o s u r e so f 1 / z s , 1 l t u , ' l t o , ' l so, 'n/ zd 1 s e c . ,
ond "Time".
T h i s r o n g e o l s o c o v e r s s p e e d si n t e r m e -
diote between those mqrked; thus, set
h o l f - w o y b e t w e e n 1l , o n d 1 s e c . , t h e
shutter yields on exposure of 3lr sec.
I n t e r m e d i o t es p e e d so r e n o t p o s s i b l ei n
t h e f q s t e r e x p o s u r er o n g e . W h e n f h e
s l o w - s p e e dd i o l i s s e t t o " T " , t h e s h u t t e r
o p e n s o n b e i n g r e l e o s e do n d r e m o i n s
o p e n u n t i l t h e s ! o w - s p e e dd i o I i s t u r n e d
b q c k o l i t t l e . A s o f e l y c o t c h r e t o i n st h e
s l o w - s p e e dd i o I o f t h e " 2 5 " p o s i t i o n .
T h i s c o t c hi s r e l e o s e db y t h e t h u m b - n o i l ,
o s s h o w no n t h e n e x t p o g e ,w h e n s l o w e r
s p e e d so r e r e q u i r e d .
 - Sumffioer:
S E T TNI G S H U T T E RS P E E D S

S h o r t I n s t q n t q n e o u s E x p o s u r e s: fo r eleos e s l ow - s peed di ol ,
f r o m l l zs to l /ro o ose c. press spring cofch lowords
l . S e t s l o w - s p e e dd i o l t o 2 5 .
lhe comerd wilh lhe lhumb-
2 . W i n d sh u i te r, l i ft fo st-sp eed
diol ond turn to oppropriote noil os shown.
setting.
S l o w l n s t q n t o n e o u s E x p o s u r e s:
t / z s s e c . to I se c.
l . W i n d s h u t t e ro n d s e t t o p
speed diol to 25-1 |
2 . S e t s l o w - s p e e dd i o l .
Brief Time (Bulb) Exposures:
l . S e t s l o w - s p e e dd i q l t o 2 5 .
2 . W i n d s h u t t e rq n d s e t
t o p d i o l t o B .T h e s h u t t e r
will remoin open so
long qs pressure is
mointoinedon the
releose.
Time Exposures:
l . W i n d s h u t t e rq n d s e t
t o p s p e e dd i o l t o 2 5 - 1 .
2 . S e t s l o w - s p e e dd i o l
toT
The shulteropenw s hen
p r e s s u r ei s o p p l i e d t o
f h e r e l e o s eb u t t o n o n d r e m o i n s
o p e n u n t i l t h e s l o w - s p e e dd i o l
is turned slightly bqck.
www.butkus.us
THE STANDARD LEN S OF THE LEICA

purposes.
fl2 is of the somefocollength
TheSUMMITAR

Both ELMARond SUMMITAR ore fitted with

e o u n t st ,h e b o r r e ls l i d i n gi n t ot h e
c o l l o p s i b lm
c om e r o b o d y w h e n n o t i n u s e .T h e l e n s i s
d r o w n o u t o n d l o c k e di n p o s i t i o nb y o s l i g h t
clockwiseturn, o nd returned to its collopsed
positionby reversing the movements. A bl ui s h s heen c hor oc fer i s es l he " c oofed" or
" bl oom ed" LEIC A l ens es . Ihe c ooti ng, by
r educ i ng s ur foc e r efl ec fi on, m i ni m i s es l os s of
Ro u ti n e P rq cticez 1. Dr qw ouf ! lock! Iight ond morkedly improves fhe brillionce
2. Unlock! Push bock! ond c onfr os f of the pi c tur e.
 l e v e r ( 8 )i s d i r e c t l y i n f r o n t o f
C H A N G I N GL E N S E S lhe viewfinder window (.|2).
A l l L E I C Al e n s e so r e i n t e r c h o n g e o b l eo n d w i l l f i t o n y L E I C A E n g o g et h et h r e q d sb y o s l i g h t
o n t i - c l o c k w i s et u r n o n d s c r e w
c o m e r o ( e x c e p tv e r y e o r l y m o d e l s ) T . o c h o n g eo l e n s h o l d t h e
home by turning the lens
c o m e r o h o r i z o n t o l l y ,l e n s p o i n t i n g u p w o r d s ,i n t h e l e f t h o n d , m o u n ti n o c l o c k w i s ed i r e c t i o n .
ond with the right hond grosp the lens closeto the comero T h e l e n st u b e s h o u l db e d r o w n
b o d y o n d u n s c r e wi t b y t u r n i n g o n t i - c l o c k w i s e . f o r w o r d o n d l o c k e db e f o r e t h e
T o f i t t h e o l t e r n o t i v e l e n s , h o l d t h e c q m e r o q s d e s c r i b e d o n d p r e s e n tt h e l e n s lens is fitted to the comero.
t o t h e f l o n g e i n s u c ho w o y l h o t , i n t h e c o s e o f 3 5 o r 5 0 m m l e n s e s l, h e f o c u s i n g
W hen fhe l ens i s detoc hed
fhe s hufl er i s v i s i bl e. l t i s
mode of o speciol rubberised
c l oth, unoffec l ed by fem per -
olure, while ifs flexibility
ensuressmoolh running. Be-
Iow the upper r i m of l he
flonge opening will be seen
l he l ev er w hi c h c oupl es fhe
focusing odjustment ond lhe
r ongefi nder . l t i s oc fuol ed by
o hel i x on fhe l ens bor r el .
Rule: Do nol chqnge lenses
i n di r ec t l i ght. T ur n qw oy
fr om l he s un ond w or k i n
the s hqdow of the body .
W hen c or r y i ng ex l r q l ens es ,
fi t o dus t c ov er l o pr otec tthe
precision coupling mounl.
Also put o lens cop over
www.butkus.us the front componenl.

l0
O ADJUSTMENT
I R I SD I A P H R A G M

L E I C A l e n s e sE L M A R5 0 m m . h o v e
t h e o p e r t u r e s c q l e e n gr o v e d o n
T h e n u m e r i c o vl o l u e o f t h e s t o p i s s t o t e de i t h e ro s o r o t i o , t h e f r o n t o f t h e l e n sm o u n t .T h e i r i s
t h u s l : 3 . 5 o r c o m m o n l yf / 3 . 5 .A l e n so f t h i s v o l u e h o s o is opened ond closed by odiust-
f o c o l l e n g t h t h r e e o n d . o h o l f t i m e sg s .l o r g e q s t h e d i o - ment of o smoll lever engroved
with on index line. On qll other
m e t e r o f - t h e p u p i l . T h e o r e t i c o l l yo, l l l e n s e sh o v i n g t h e L E l C A l e n s elsh e d i o p h r o g m i s c o n -
some f- numbbr possthe some omountof light for the t r o l l e d b y m e o n so f o m i l l e d r i n g .
purpose of exposure.
I t i s c u s t o m o r yt o g r o d u o t e t h e o p e r t u r es c o l eo n p h o t o -
g r o p h i c l e n s e is o t h o t t h e v o l u e sv o r y i n o 2 : l r o t i o .T h u s ,
i t o f i p i n g d o w n o n e d i v i s i o nd e m o n d so d o u b l i n g o f e x -
p o i u r e [ i m e , o t h e r c o n d i t i o n sb e i n g e q u o l .
T h e f o l l o w i n g t o b l e s h o w st h e r e l o t i o nb e t w e e no p e r l u r e
v o l u e o n d e x p o s u r et i I T l € :
L e n s o p e rtu re : 1. 4 1. 5 2 2.8 (3.5) 4 5.6 I 11 16 22
Relotive
e x p o s u r et i m e : 0.5 (3) 16 32 61 128

ll
 L E N SA P E R T U R E
ond
E X P O S U RTEI M E
Exomple:
Assumingon exposure time of
l / r o o s e c. i s co rre ct fo r o d io-
phrogm setting of f/5.6, the ex-
posure time must be doubled,
i . e . i n c r e o s e dt o l / s o s e c . , i f t h e
diophrogm is stopped down to
f / 8 , o t h e r c o n d i t i o n sb e i n g e q u o l .
On the other hond, if the stop
w e r e o p e n e d u p to fl 4 , o n l y holf
o f t h e e x p o s u r e o t t 1 5 . 6w o u l d
b e n e e d e d , v i z . l l z o os e c . S l i g h t
d i f f e r e n c e si n t h e e x p o s u r et i m e s
u s e d ,e s p e c i o l l ys o m e w h o tl o n g e r
times, ore of no signifionce in
proctice ond ore covered by the
l q t i t u d eo f m o d e r n f i l m s . F o r b e s t
r e s u l t si n p h o t o g r o p h y , o f c o u r s e ,
correct exposure times should
olwoys be oimed ot.
O F o c u s r N cT H EL E N S
A l l L E I C Al e n s e sh o v i n g o f o c u s i n gl e v e r
o r e o u t o m o t i c o l l yl o c k e d o t t h e i n f i n i t y
( - ) p o s i t i o n . T o r e l e o s et h e l e v e r f o r
f o c u s i n g o n n e o r e r s u b i e c t sp r e s s t h e
knob of the end of the lever.
DON'I FORGEI:
E I M A R 5 0 m m . o n d S U M M l l . , A R5 0 m m .
lenses hove collopsible m ounts . fhe l ens
bor r el m usl be dr own out ond l oc k ed
before focusing. (See page 9.)
O DTsTANcE
scALE
N o r m o l l y , o c t u o l d i s t o n c e sd o n o t i n t e r -
e s t L E I C A p h o t o g r o p h e r so s f o c u s i n g i s
effectedby the rongefinder.Thedistonce
s c o l e , f h e r e f o r e ,i s o f i m p o r t o n c e o n l y
when referring to the depth of field
s c o l ed e s c r i b e do n p o g e 1 5 .
www.butkus.us
12
G E N E R AR
L ULES
F O RS T O P P I N G
DOWN

l. Obiects most shorply defined ore those ot fhe

distonce ot which the lens is focused. Therefore,ol-
woys focus corefully on the centre of interestof the
subiect.

2 . S n o p s h o f s : S t o p d o w n t o f 1 5 . 6o n d f o c u s o n p r i n -
c i p o l o b i e c t . T h ed e p t h o f f i e l dw i l l u s u o l l yb e s u f f i c i e n t .
fhe Second lndex line
3. Long distonce views without foreground interest: morked R on disfonce scole
is used for infra-red-phofo-
Set lens to infinity ond stop down fo f 15.6or f/8. grophy. First focus accurolely
on fhe objecf in lhe usuol
4 . L o n d s c o p e s w i t hf o r e g r o u n d : S t o p d o w n s o t h o t way, lhen odjust the lens
t h e d e p t h o f f i e l d s c o l e i n d i c o t e so r o n g e e x t e n d i n g mount until index line R re-
gislers wifh the dislonce in-
from the foreground distonce to infinity. dicoted by the rongefinder
selling. Exceplions: When
5. Portroits:Use full lens operture ond focus occu- working wilh wide-ongle len-
ses, no speciol odiuslmenl
rotely on the eyes. The sitter should be shorply de-
is reguired.
f i n e d o n d t h e b o c k g r o u n ds u b d u e db y b e i n g d i f f u s e d .

t3
 n$flffi,
NT

,M h

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s
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ru
$n
 22 -B
@ D E P ToHF F r E L sDc A L E
A n o b i e c t i s m o s t s h o r p l v d e f i n e d i n o p h o t o o r o o hw h e n
i t l i e s c i t t h e d i s t o n c eo n ' w h i c h t h e l e n si s f o c u s e i l .D e f i n i t i o n
would groduolly deteriorote if the obiect were movei *10
n e o r e rt h e c o m e r o u n t i lo p o i n t w o u l d b e r e o c h e dw h e n d e -
f i n i t i o n w o u l d b e q u i t e u n s o t i s f o c t o r yS. i m i l o r l y ,d e f i n i t i o n
w o u l d d e t e r i o r o t e ,q l t h o u g h n o t s o r o p i d l y , i f t h e o b i e c t
were moved owoy from the comero. The distoncebetween
l h e n e o r e s tp l o n e o n d i h e f u r t h e s t p l o n e o f w h i c h o b i e c t s
ore sufficientlyshorply defined is known os the "depth of *.J5
f i e l d " ( o f t e n e r r o n e o u s l yc o l l e d " d e p t h o f f o c u s " ) .l t v o r i e s
w i t h t h e d i s t o n c ef o c u s e d u p o n o n d t h e o p e r t u r e o f t h e
lens.The neorer the principol obiect ond ihe loroer the
s t o p o f t h e l e n s t h e s h b l l o w 6 rt h e c j e p t ho f f i e l d o n d ' t h e r e - tl il -25
fore the more criticol must focusing be.

A s c o l e o n L E I C A l e n s m o u n t s e n o b l e st h e d e p t h o f f i e l d ;50
to be reod ot eoch operture ond eoch distoncesdttingdown
to 3.5feei. Obiects of distoncesbetween those indiciited on B
- 100
t h e s c o l ew i l l b e s u f f i c i e n t l ys h o r p l y d e f i n e d . as
11
Exompfe z With o slondord focol length of 50 mm., when
lhe disfonce scole is set ot 25 feel ond ,he lens aperlure *;r
al f13.5, the depth of field exfends from 20 feef lo 4O feet. 0)
Wilh the lens sfopped down lo f15.6 it will extend from
16 feet fo obouf 60 feet. At fllt oll obiecfs beyond 12 feet
9f'..
o)
will be in focus.

t5
,.#
V lE W FNI D E R o n d R A N G E F I N D E R :

O rwrN EYEPTEcE
T h i s c or r i e s t h e e y e p i e c e so f b o t h v i e w f in d e r
o n d r o n g e f i n d esr o t h o t o n l y o s l i g h tm o v e m e n t
o f t h e h e o d i s n e c e s s o r yw h e n c h o n g i n gf r o m
one to the other.
Correction lenses cqn be fitted to the twin eyepiece,
enobling users with defective eyesight to operote fhe
L E I C Aw i t h o u t g l o s s e s S . u c h l e n s e so r e m o d e t o f h e u s e r ' s
o p t i c i o n ' sp r e s c r i p t i o n . Y'EWF'NDER

@ vTEWFTNDER
Ploce fhe ey e c l os e to fhe tw i n ey epi ec e.
T h e b u i l t - i nv i e w f i n d e ri n d i c o t e st h e v i e w e m - C o r e s h o u l d be fok en fo l ook s quor el y
b r o c e d b y t h e s t o n d o r d 5 0 m m . l e n s e sW . hen lhr ough the c enl r e of eoc h ey epi ec e.
l e n s e so f o t h e r f o c o l l e n g t h s o r e i n u s e ,t h e
u n i v e r s o lv i e w f i n d e r ,w h i c h f i t s i n t o t h e o c c e s -
s o r y s h o e ( 1 7 ) ,m u s t b e b r o u g h t i n t o u s e .
The viewfinder of the LEICA lf is detochoble since this comerq often serves
s p e c i o l p u r p o s e s ,i . e . s c i e n t i f i cp h o t o g r o p h y , w h e r e o t h e r m e t h o d s o f o b s e r -
v q t i o n o r e q d v o n t o g e o u s ( m i c r o - o t t o c h m e n t ,r e f l e x h o u s i n g e t c . ) .
www.butkus.us
t6
@ THE vrEWFrNDER
of the LEICAlf is of
t h e r e f l e c t i n gt y p e o n d
c on b e u s e d t o g o o d
odvontoge on models
l l f o n d l l lf .

As the field covered by of view without the risk

5 0 m m l e n s e si s s h o w n i n
its noturol size this re-
flectingfinder ollows fhe
use of both eye s , the
brilliont field frome op-
peoring in the observer's
u n i m p o i r e dn o t u r o l f i e l d
o f e y e s t r oi n .
A dotted line olong the
u p p e r e d g e e n o b l e so n e
to mokeodequoteollow-
once for porollqx in the
c o s e o f c l o s e - u p s( d i s t o n -
ces less thon l0 feet).

17
31*3c
@ c o u P L E DR A N G E F T N D E R
I n m i n i o t u r ep h o -
t o gr op h y o c c u -
rote focusing is
e s s e n t i oflo r p e r -
f h o t o b i e c t . A l l i n t e r c h o n g e o b l eL E I C Al e n s e s
fect definition u p t o 1 3 . 5c m . f o c o l l e n g t h o r e o u t o m o t i c o l l y
ond shorp en- c o u p l e d w i t h t h e r o n g e f i n d e rw h e n s c r e w e d
lorgements. into the comero body.
O n l y L E I C A l f d i f f e r s i n t h o t i t h q s o n o t t q c h q b l er o n g e -
Formervisuolex- f i n d e r w i t h o u t p r o v i s i o nf o r c o u p l i n g l e n s e s( A c o n v e r s i o n
i n t o m o d e l sl l f o r l l l f i s p o s s i b l e ) .
o m i n o t i o nu n d e r
t h e b l o c k c l o t h i s n o w r e p l o c e db y
t h e m o v e m e n to f o s i n g l ef i n g e r .

The rongefinder
c o u p l e dw i t h t h e
L E I C Al e n sm e o -
s u r e sf h e d i s t o n c e
ond of the some
t i m e f o c u s e st h e
lens occurotely
on thotdistonce. Out of focus Correct focus
www.butkus.us
t8
 How the Coupled
Rongefinder Works: ,
As the lens is focused, lhe bockword ond
forword movemenl is communicoted by
o lever lo lhe rongefinder, lhe precision

,
of which resembles |hot of o high-grode
microscope.

ADJUSTMENT
OF RA NG E FNI DERT E L ES C OP E
T h e o c c u r o c yo f t h e L E I C Ar o n g e f i n d e r

I
is ougmented by o built-in telescope
h o v i n g o m o g n i f i c o t i o no f 1 . 5 .B y m e o n s
lorger circulor field. Adiust the lens by lever
of the smoll lever (14) it moy be fo- (8)until the two imogescoincide. The lens is then
cused on distont obiects. lt will olso o c c u r o t e l y f o c u s e d o n t h e s e l e c t e do b i e c t . U n l e s s
compensofefor slight eyesight defects the smoll field oppeors exoctly in the centre of
( b e t w e e n- 2 o n d + . | . 5 d i o p t r e s ) . the lorger, the line of sight is sidewoys ond in-
correct. Beoring this in mind will quickly enoble
fo demonslrofe lhe operolion of lhe rangefinder: the LEICA user to focus ropidly ond occurotely.
Sight, through the rongefinder, on obiect obout
l2 to l5 feet owoy, the lens being set to "infinity". When working ot short distoncesit is odvisoble
C o v e r t h e l e f t h o n d r o n g e f i n d e rw i n d o w w i t h t h e to focus the lens by scole on lhe oppropriote
middle finger of the left hond. Look centrolly distonce qnd correct slighi difference by op-
p r . o o c h i n go r r e c e d i n g f r o m t h e s u b i e c t u n t i l t h e
into the rongefinder eyepiece.The obiect will be
seen in o smoll circulor field. Adiust lever (14) rongefinder imoges merge,
u n t i l t h e g r e o t e s t p o s s i b l e s h o r p n e s si s o b t o i n e d . To enhonce the colour differentiotion of the
When the finger is removed from the window o rongefinder imoges o smoll oronge filter in
double imoge of the obiect will be seen in o mount con be fitted to the left window (13).

19
.x:-l*+,dr:';*" ; .,. til,r., r..
 H O L D I N Gt h e L E I C A :
G r i p t h e L E I C Aw i t h t h e r i g h t h o n d
so thqt the roundedend of the bose-
p l o t e r e s t si n t h e p o l m . T h e i n d e x
f i n g e r s h o u l d r e s tl i g h t l yo n t h e s h u t -
ter-releosebutton. lt is importont
t h o t t h e c o m e r oi s c u p p e di n t h e b o s e
o f t h e p o l m c o u n t e r o c t i n gt h e p r e s -
s ur e o f t h e f i n g e r o n t h e r e l e o s e .T h e
#ltr
i+ ii6t*
# other end of the comerq is gripped
i n t h e l e f t h o n d ,w i t h t h e i n d e x f i n g e r
o n t h e f o c u s i n gl e v e r . H o l d t h e c o -
m e r o s t e o d i l yo g o i n s tt h e h e q d w i t h
t h e t w i n e y e p i e c e i m m e d i o t e l yi n
f r o n t o f t h e e y e . P r e s sl h e e l b o w st o
t h e c h e s tq n d s t o n dw i t h t h e f e e t w e l l
seporoted.

P r e s sl h e r e l e o s e b u t t o n g e n t l y b u t
f i r m l y ,t o k i n g c o r e n o t t o i e r k . A p p l y
pressurewith the forefinger only
o n d m o i n t o i np r e s s u r eu n t i l t h es h u t -
t e r h o s c o m p l e t e di t s r u n .
www.butkus.us
20
T H EW R O N GW A Y :
The comero is not held firmly ond
m o y g i v e w o y t o t h e p r e s s u r eo n t h e
r e l e o s eb u t t o n w h e n n o t c u p p e d i n
t h e b o s e o f t h e p o l m . T h e r e s u l tw l l l
o l m o s tc e r t o i n l yb e o b l u r r e dp i c t u r e .
I n o d d i t i o nt o t h e m e t h o do f h o l d i n g
t h e L E I C Ad e s c r i b e do n p o g e 2 0 , e x -
p e r i e n c e du s e r sh o l d t h e i r b r e o t h o t
t h e m o m e n to f r e l e o s e .
S o m e e n t h u s i o s tb
s o o s tt h o t t h e y o r e
oble to hold the comero steodyfor
o whole second.However, it is ol-
woys sofer to set the comero on o
firm support when using exposure
times of the slow speed diol, i. e.
s hut t e r s p e e d s b e t w e e n 1| z s o n d
I second.

21
 VERTICALPICTURES:
G r i p t h e L E I C Aw i t h t h e r i g h t h o n d
w i t h t h e t h u m b o n t h e r e l e o s eb u t t o n
o n d t h e f i n g e r se x e r t i n gc o u n t e rp r e s -
s u r e .T h e u p p e r e n d o f t h e c o m e r o
is grosped with the left hond, one
f i n g e r o f w h i c h o p e r o t e st h e f o c u s i n g
l e v e r .T h e t o p o f t h e c o m e r o s h o u l d
r e s t o g o i n s tt h e f o r e h e o d . T h u sh e l d ,
t h e c o m e r oc o n b e o p e r o t e dw i t h o u t
ierking.
Sl ow - s peed, hond- hel d s nops hol s
ore not ditricult . . .

www.butkus.us
22
T H ES E C O N DM E T H O D
o f t o k i n g v e r t i c o l p i c t u r e s ,p o p u l o r
w h e n c h o n g i n g f r o m h o r i z o n t o lt o
v e r t i c o lp o s i t i o no r v i c e v e r s o .
G r i p t h e L E I C Ao s d e s c r i b e do n p o g e
20, then tu rn to the verticol position.

if ingenuity is colled upon.

 .j*

ff

M
:i::j:ji:

) ii::ji

rriL
,ifi

il
R e m o v eL E N SC A P . W i t h d r q w L E N So n d I o c ki t b y
CAMERADRILL t u r n i n gc l o c k w i s et o t h e s t o p .

www.butkus.us
g e n t l y p re ssR E L E A S
BEU T T ON. F O C U Sl e n sb y m e o n so f t h er o n g e f i n d e r .
24 Move eye bock to viewfinderond . . .
 s\
[,t'

*r,r..i#

T u r nW I N D I N G K N O B t o t h e s t o p . Ad iust LENS APERTURE.

E
$$*i.ult
I

COMPOSE
P I C T U RiE
n viewfinder. S e tS H U T T ESRP E E D I A L .
A p p r o o c hs u b i e c to s c l o s e l yo s p o s s i b l et o o b -
t o i n t h e l o r g e s tp o s s i b l ei m o g e o f t h e s ub i e c t . 25
F IL MC A R T R I D G ESSP, O O L SC, A S S E T T E S
T h e p r i n c i p o lm q n u f o c t u r e rssu p p l y3 5 m m .p e r f o r o t e d
f i l m o s u s e d i n t h e L E I C Ai n v o r i o u sd e g r e e so f s e n s i -
t i v i t y e t c . o n d i s s u et h e f o l l o w i n g :
1. Doylight looding Cortridges which ore simply inserted in the
comerq in doylight in the some woy os LEICA film cqssettes.
They should not be loqded q secondtime.

2. Doylight looding Spools which consistof o stondqrd length

of film with opqque poper leqdersond wound on q centre spool.
D i r e c t i o n sf o r u s e o r e s u p p l i e d w i t h t h e s p o o l s .

3 . D o r k r o o m l o o d i n g S p o o l s w h i c h c o n t o i n r e o d y - t r i m m e dl e n g t h s
of film which require to be loqded into the LEICA cossettein
the dork-room.
.|0,
4. Bulk Supply. This is ovoilqble in lengths of 5, l5 metres
ond upwords. In the dorkroom the required length is cut off,
looded into the LEICA cqssette ond trimmed (see poge 30t.
.|.6
The LEICAfilm cossette holds m. (opprox. 51lt feet) of film,
s u f f i c i e n tf o r 3 6 e x p o s u r e s .

The Ever-Reody Cqse:

Ih e IE ICA is best kept ond cor r ied in the
ever-reody cose. fo remove fhe LEICA
www.butkus.us
fro m l he cose, loosen the boftom scr ew.
Cquti on z W hen us i ng o new c os e ond
wh en tok i ng v er ti c ol pi c l ur es c or e s houl d
be l qk en thof the hi nged por l i on does
nol swing in front of fhe lens.

26
L O A D I N Gt h e L E I C A

T h e f o c t t h o t e x p o s u r e sq s s h o r t o s t / s o o
o r r / l o osoe c .c o n p r o d u c es u c c e s s f upli c -
t ur e s i s s u f f i c i e nitn d i c o t i o n o f h o w m i n -
u t e o n o m o u n to f l i g h t m o y o f f e c to f i l m .
L E I C A c o s s e t t e so n d d o y l i g h t l o o d i n g
cortridges o re light-tightbut even so,
t h e y s h o u l d n e v e r b e e x p o s e dt o d i r e c t
s u n l i g h t .A l w o y s l o o d o n d u n l o q d t h e
comero in the shodow of the body in
t h e o b s e n c eo f o t h e r l i gh t p r o t e c t i o n .

Before opening the LEICAmoke sure

thot the film hqs been rewound into its
c o s s e t t el .f t h e r e i s o n y d o u b t o b o u t t h e
comero being looded,pull out the re-
w i n d i n g k n o b ( . | 5 o) n d t u r n i t i n t h e d i r e c -
t i o n o f t h e o r r o w . l f r e s i s t o n c ei s f e l t t h e
comero is looded ond the film should
be wound bock into the film cossette.

27
T O I O A D T H EL E I C A :

l. Beforeinsertingo new film cossette, t u r n i n gt o " O P E N "q n d l i f tt h e b q s e p l o t e .

set reversinglever (.|6)to A (Advonce). ( S o m em o d e l so r e m o r k e d" A U F " ( o p e n )
tt/l)" (close).)
W i n d o n d r e l e o s et h e s h u t t e rt o m o k e ond
s u r et h o t i t i s i n o r d e r .W i n d t h e s h u t t e r 3. Removethe toke-upspool from the
o g o i n b u t d o n o t r e l e o s ei t . comero.
2. Open the comero by roisingthe 4 . P l o c e t h e L E I C A o n t h e t ob l e o s
l o c k i n gh o n d l e o n t h e b o s e p l o t eq n d s h o w ni n t h e i l l u s t r o t i o n .
I

3393
TAKE.UPSPOOI. FILM-CASSETTE
www.butkus.us
28
 TOADINGTHE TEICA

5 . H o l dt h et q k e - u ps p o o li n t h el e f th o n d
ond the loodedfilm cossette in the right.
B o t hk n u r l e dh e o d ss h o u l dp o i n td o w n -
words (see illustrotion).Inserttrimmed
e n do f t h ef i l mu n d e rt h ec l o m p i n gs p r i n g
o f t h e t o k e - u ps p o o lo s f o r o s i t w i l l g o .
The perforqtededge of the film should
o b u t t h e s p o o lf l o n g e .

6 . D r o w t h e t r i m m e dl e o d e rs t r i p f r o m
the film cossetteslot until two (but no rt t I l3 lt E !ll
rrtll t I I I I lrf
more)perforotionson the trimmededge

t o f f h e f i l m o r e v i s i b l e .( S e ei l l u s t r o t i o n
p o g e 3 0 )T h e c u r v e dm o r k o n t h e o u t e r

I shellof the LEICAcossette

correctpositionof the film.
indicotesthe
>lI
I

29
 TOADING THE TEICA

fhe sofely spring of the stond-

srd LEICA film cosseffe should
olways lie in fhis corner.

With properly trimmed film no

mo re |hon two pe rf orolions
should be visible on the trimmed
edge.

7 . I n t r o d u c ef h e t o k e - u ps p o o lo n d f i l m c q s s e t tien t o
c o m e r os i m u l t o n e o u s lkyn, u r l e dh e o d s p o i n t i n gu p -
w o r d s .T h et r im m e df i l m w i l l t h e n e n t e rt h es l o to l o n g Check the path of fhe film by
t h e b o c ko f t h e c o m e r o .l f t h e c o s s e l t e will not drop t h i s d i o g r o m , f h e e mu l s i on s i d e
r i g h t d o w n , t u r n t h e r e w i n d i n gk n o b ( 1 5 )s l i g h t l y . musf fqce fhe lens.

www.butkus.us
30
TOADING
T H ET E I C A

8 . H o o k t h e b o s e p l o t eo v e r t h e p i n , c l o s ei t o n d t u r n t h e l o c k i n gh o n d l et o " C L O S E "
( o r Z U ) . T h e c o m e r oi s n o w l i g h t - t i g h t .

3r
IOADING THE TEICA

9. Turn the rewind knob (15)

If thefilmhos nof been correctlyinserfed. .
c o r e f u l l yi n d i r e c t i o ni n d i c o t e d
by the orrow until o slight i t m o y d i s e n g o g ef r o m t h e t o k e - u p s p o o l
resistqnce is felt. This will o n d w i l l n o t o d v o n c e .T h i s f o u l t w i l l b e r e -
tighten the leoder strip. Press cognized by the rewind knob foiling to
t h e r e l e o s eb u t t o n( 3 )o n d t u r n
r o t o t ew h i l e t h e w i n d i n g k n o b i s b e i n g t u r n -
winding knob onceogoin.
ed. The film must be re-inserted:first set
l O . T u r n e x p o s u r ec o u n t e r( 2 ) reversinglever (16) to R, then turn rewind
onticlockwise to 0, releose knob (15) in ihe direction of the orrow,
shutter ond ogoin turn the only so long os fhe releose buffon con-
w i n d i n gk n o b .W h i l e t h ew i n d -
finues lo rofofe. When the lotter ceosesto
ing knob rototes clockwise,
rotote the film will hove possedthe releose
the rewind knob shouldturn
in the opposite direction to shoft ond only o very short lengthwill be
the orrow, viz. onticlockwise. protruding from the mouth of the cosselte.
T h i sw i l l i n d i c o t ei h o t t h e f i l m Should the end of the film be drown into
i s t r o v e l l i n gp r o p e r l y .T h e e x - the cossetteit will be necessoryto go into
posure counter will now be o dorkroom to withdrow the leoder.
pointingto I ond the LEICA
is reody for use.
www.butkus.us

i
.,-.r,*i$
U N L O A D I N GT H E L E I C A
l . T o u n l o o d t h e c o m e r o s e tt h e r e -
v e r s i n g l e v e r ( 1 6 )t o R ( R e v e r s e )T. h i s
d i s e n g o g e st h e o u t o m o t i c c o u p l i n g
o f t h e f i [ m t r o n s p o r to n d t h e s h u t t e r
m e c h on i s m .
2 . P u l lu p t h e r e w i n d k n o b ( 15 ) o n d
turn in lhe direction oF the orrow
until resistonce is felt. Thiswill indi-
cote thot the film hosbeen unwound
f r o m t h e t o k e - u ps p o o l q n d i s b e i n g
h e l d m e r e l yb y i t s t i pu n d e r t h es p r i n g
of the spool. Wind to overcome
resistonce,ond ofter two complete
t u r n st h e f i l m w i l l b e c o m p l e t e l yr e -
wound into the cossette.
33
l f o p o r t i o l l y e x p o s e df i l m i s r e m o v e df r o m
t h e c o m e r o o n d t h e u n e x p o s e dp o r t i o n i s
to be used qt o loter dote, the film must
not be fully rewound into the cossette.
W o t c h t h e r e l e o s eb u t t o n c o r e f u l l y w h e n
rewinding ond stop os soon os it ceoses
t o t u r n . ( S e eo l s o p o g e 3 2 , )
3. After rewinding the film the
boseplotemoy be removed ond
the cossettewithd rown. Protect
looded cossettesf rom d ust o nd
light by storing in the originol
Ii g h t - m e t oI c o n t o i n e r s .
F L A S HS Y N C H R O N I Z A T I O N

T h e L E I C Ah o s p r o v i s i o n f o r f l o s h s y n c h r o n i -
z o l i o n o f t h e v o r i o u ss h u t t e rs p e e d s A. n odiust-
q b l e c o n t o c t s c o l e( 1 8 )w i t h r e d f i g u r e s i s f i t t e d
u n d e r t h e f q s t s h u t t e r - s p e ed i o l ( 5 ) .

T h e c o n t o c ts c o l e o l l o w s o f o d i u s t i n gt h e b u i l t -
i n s h u t t e rs y n c h r o n i z o t i o n
i n o c c o r d o n c ew i t h
t h e f l o s h p e o k o f o l l c o m m e r c i otl y p e s o f f l q s h
b u l b s o n d o l s o e l e c t r o n i cf l o s h e s .

The oppropriote setting of lhe contoct scole for ony exposuretime required is token
from the Tobles printed on poges 38-39. Similor folding Tobles ore supplied for
retentionin the ever-reody cose. The circulor plug socketto toke the connectingcoble
of the flosh oliochmeni is built-in oi the right hond side of the iwin eyepiece of the
rongefinder ond viewfinder.

speciol ottention is drown lo the foct thot ihese Tobles ore only volid for comeros
with RED contocl numbers ond distonce colculotion in FEET.Speciol tobles ore ovoil-
oble for eorlier lllf comeros wiih BLACK contoct numbers.
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34
T h e c q m e r o p l u g h e l d i n o h o r i z o n t o lp o -
s i t i o n o n d w i t h t h e o r r o w e n g r o v e do n i t
pointing towords the twin eyepiece is
p u s h e di n t o t h e f l o s hs o c k e t( l 9 ) o f t h e L E I C A
o n d s e c u r e dt h e r e b y t u r n i n gi t d o w n w o r d s
so thot the orrow now points to the top.
To remove the plug, turn it so thot the
o r r o w i s h o r i z o n t o lo g o i n o n d p o i n t i n g t o
the fwin eyepiece.

35
 The LEITZ flos h ottoc hm ent i s fi tted to the qc c es -
sory shoe of the comero or to the shoe of the
odiustoble holder for the flosh ottochment. The
unit consists of the bottery contoiner (l) with
loterql socket (2) for inserting the two-pin plug
o f t h e c o n n e c t i n gc o b l e , t r i p o d t h r e o d ( 3 ) , d e t o c h -
q b l e h o l d e r f o r l o r g e f l o s h b u l b s w i t h E .S . c q p ( 4 ) ,
oCopter (5) with eiecting device (6) for smoll flosh
bulbs with S. C. C. cop, reflector holder (7) ond
c o l l o p s i b l e ( s e g m e n t e d )r e f l e c t o r( 8 ) , o n d c o n n e c t -
ing coble.

T h e b o t t e r y c o n t o i n e r i n c l u d e so n q d o p t e r ( 9 ) w i t h
tubulqr copocitor ond with holdertoking o smoll
comm er ciol 22.5 v ol t dr y botter y ( c om m onl y us ed
with heoring oids).

S u c c e s s f ufl i r i n g i s g u o r q n t e e d b y t h e c o p o c i t o r .
The odopter with copocitor cqn be fitted, without
modificotion, in ploce of the bottery holder sup-
plied with eorlier flqsh otiqchments. The flosh
bulb socket (a) is detoched by o slight left turn
qnd similorly reploced by o right turn.

The current supplied by the bottery, even offer

l o n g u s e ,w i l l s t i l l b e s u f f i c i e n t f o r f i r i n g .l g n i t i o ni s ,
t h e r e f o r e ,p r o c t i c o l l y i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e c o n d i t i o n
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36
o f t h e b o t t e r y o s l o n g o s i t i s n o t c o m p l e t e l ye x h o u s t e d T
. h ec o p o c i t o r
is chorged by inserting the flqsh bulb or the test filoment bulb
( 6 v o l l s , 0 . 0 5o m p s ) . N o b u l b s h o u l d , t h e r e f o r e , b e k e p t i n s e r f e d
if the flosh ottochmentis not in use.

T h e h o l C e rf o r f l o s h b u l b s w i t h E . S . c o p ( 4 ) t o k e st h e o d o p t e r ( 5 )
for the smollfloshbulbs with S. C. C. cop. Thisodopter is turned
until its pins engoge the springs of the holder ond the red dots
o n e i t h e r p o r t o r e i n o l i g n m e n t . B y p r e s s i n gt h e k n o b ( 6 ) o f t h e
e i e c t i n g d e v i c e t h e h o t b u l b c o n b e e i e c t e d i m m e d i o t e l yq f t e r
firing.

The collopsible reflector is so ottoched to the holder with click

s t o p s ( 7 ) t h o t t h e f l o s h b u l b i s i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h e r e f l e c t o r .R o d i u s
ond surfoce of the reflector ore designed to produce o pleosing
soft lighting covering o wide ongle, so thot the 35 mm. wide
o n g l e l e n s c o n o l s o b e u s e d f o r f l o s h p h o t o g r o p h s .W i t h t h e r e f l e c t o r
folded the flosh ottochment requires <l minimum of spqce.

O n e o r m o r e f l o s ho t t q c h m e n t sc o n b e c o n n e c t e dt o t h e s y n c h r o n i z e d
L E I C A o n d f i r e d s i m u l t o n e o u s l yq t v o r i o u s d i s t o n c e s( m o u n t e d o n
t r i p o d s ) t og i v e s p e c i o l i g h t i n ge f f e c t s l. n t h i s c o s e o l o n g c o n n e c t i n g
coble ond multiple socket hove to be used with the normol
flqshottqchment coble.

37
Exp os ur eG uide
fo r L E I CA - Com er os
with RED Flosh Synchronizotion Scole Tobl e@
Shutter Speed I
lzs |/ s o tlts r/roo llzoo llsoo l/r
ooo
Conlocl Number t6 l3 7 5 2 I o
P h i l i p s P F2 4 , O s r q m S O
Gen. El. USA PH 6
Flcrsh S y l v o n i o U S A F P2 6 90 70 60 50 40 25 20
W e s t J o p o n F P5 A 6
Bulbs o
.o
(Type FP) P h i l i p sP F4 5 lr5 100 80 70 45 30 E
for f

G e n .E l . U S AP H3 i z
Focql
Plone
W e s tJ o p o nF P3 l
Sylvonio U S AN o . 2 A
145 il5 90 80 50 3s 25 o
p
Shutter ()
t

O s r o mS 2
G e n . E l . B r i i .N o . 2 2
200 145 120 100 70 50 35
l. AdIust red scole of synchro-diol below the on films of medium speed l7l10" DIN (28'
shutter speed diol in occordonce with the E u r o p e o n S c h e i n e r ,2 7 ' B . S . & A . S . A . L o g o -
CONTACT NUMBER given in the toble for the rithmic Index).
required shutter speed.
3 . C o r r e c t i h e l e n s d i o p h r o g m s e t t i n gw h e n u s i n g
2. Look up the GUIDE NUMBERfor the flosh bulb high-speed or slow films by chonging to o
o n d s h u t t e rs p e e d u s e d , d i v i d e b y t h e d i s t o n c e higher or lower stop number. A chongeof one
(in feet) between bulb ond subiect ond set stop is required for o speed difference of
lens diophrogm to the figure thusoscertqined. 3 / 1 0 " D l N , ( 3 ' S c h e i n e ro r 3 B . S . & A . S . A .
This odiustment ensures sotisfoctory exposures Log. Index units).

Consult speciol toble

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f o r L EI C A l l l fwith BLACK contoct scole.

38
r,,,..:::.i-";*C{Ad.!,!:iiioil" f
 Tobl e@
Dlrections for Electronic Flosher Flosh Settingc for the synchronized IEICA wirh
ond Flosh Bulbs for Cenlrql Shullers red Synchro-diol.

F l o s hb u l b s s p e c i o l l y m o d e f o r f o c o l p l o n e s h u t t e r s
( T o b l e 1 ) e n s u r e b e s l r e s u l t sw i t h t h e L E I C A b u t Shutter Speed ---> r/so I rlrc
those mode for centrol shutters of the between-
lens type for ordinory comeroscon olso be used.
T h e l o l t e r f l o s h b u l b s e m i t o s h o r t e rf l o s h s o t h o t Press 10 1 3 t 3 5 1 2l 0 5 l 6 8 5 4 8 0
slightlyuneven illuminotion of the negotive moy Osrom S I t o 1 1 si l 8 0 1 6 6 5 4 6 0
b e c o u s e d , e s p e c i o l l y w i f h s h o r t e x p o s u r e s .T h e o
P h i l i p s P F 5 5 l l 1 3 5 1 2 l 0 5 l5 8 5 4 8 0
g
volues given in Toble 2 ore bosed on dolo ond t
o P h i l i p sP F2 5 995 o 7 5 1s 5 5
grophs supplied by the mokers of the bulbs. To
moke the best use of the light ovoiloble, some-
E
o P h i l i p sP F l 4 9 6 0 r o 5 s l5 3 5
0
whot increosed negotive development times ore P h i l i p sP F3 9 5 0 ro 351s 25
odvisoble. This is speciollyimportont wiih photo- Osrom XO 365
grophs token with the oid of eleclronic flosh
Osrom XP r50
equipmenl.

lf on one film strip doylight ond flosh photo- E l e c t r o n i cF l o s h

grophs ore being mode ond therefore on in- lwithouldeloy)
creosed developing time is not feosible, it is
E l e c t r o n i cF l o s h
recommended lo use for flosh photogrophs the
next lorger diophrogm opening of the lensthon
thot derived f rom ihe Toble ond colculotion.
Exomple: guide number 55 ond dislonce l0 feet
r e q u i r e 1 1 5 . 6 s, o t h o t u n d e r t h e o b o v e c i r c u m - To use this toble consult Directions |. to 3. on
s t o n c e sf / 4 s h o u l d b e p r e f e r r e d . preceding poge.

39
',..1..
. - -i. .,t;f
Simplified Testing Method for Built-in Flosh Synchronizotion.

T h e c q u s e o F f o i l u r e s i s u s u o l l yf o u n d o u t s i d et h e c o m e r o . T h e v o l t o g e o f b o t t e r i e s
moy hove dropped by long storoge so much thot there is no ignition of flosh bulbs.
T h e s y n c h r o n i z o t i o ni s c h e c k e do s f o l l o w s : t h e t w o - p i n p l u g o f t h e c o n n e c t i n gc o b l e
is insertedinto the flosh ottochmentfitted with o test filoment bulb or connectedto o
t o r c h b o t t e r y w i t h o f i l o m e n t b u l b i n s e r i e sc o n n e c t i o n .T h e f i l o m e n t w i l l l i g h t u p
w h e n t h e p i n s o f t h e p l u g , w h i l e i n s e r t e di n t h e s o c k e t ,o r e s h o r t e d .T o t e s t t h e c o b l e
t h e c o m e r o p l u g o n t h e o t h e r e n d o f t h e c o b l e m u s t o l s o b e c o r e f u l l ys h o r t e d .

For octuolly checking the LEICA synchronizotion,push comero plug into the socket
of the LEICA ond test series contqct wiih shorted moin contqct qs follows: Wind
s h u t t e r ,s e l s p e e d d i o l t o r / z ss € c .o n d s y n c h r o - d i o tl o 2 , 3 , 4 o r 5 . P r e s sd o w n r e l e o s e
b u t t o n ( s h u t t e rw i l l r e l e o s e ) T
. h e t e s tf i l o m e n tb u l b w i l l l i g h t u p o n l y f o r o f r q c t i o n o f
o s e c o r r dd u e t o t h e c o p o c i t o r . l f o c o m m e r c i o lm o n o - c e l lb o t t e r y w i t h s u i t o b l eb u l b
( 1 . 5v o l t ) i s u s e d w i t h t h e f l o s h o t t o c h m e n tf o r c h e c k i n gp u r p o s e st,h e b u l b w i l l l i g h t
u p o n d e p r e s s i n gt h e r e l e o s e b u t t o n o n d g o o u t o g o i n o s s o o n o s t h e p r e s s u r ei s
releosed.

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40
,:t,.1...- ..rn,,
For checkingthe vorious contoct settingsof the synchronizotion,set shutterspeedond
synchro-diolos follows:

Shutterspeed ]000 500 200 100 75

Synchro-diol0l2571319

The shutter speed diol is held firmly ond the releose button presseddown. No con-
t o c t , t h e b u l b d o e s n o t l i g h t u p . T h e n t h e s h u t t e rs p e e d d i o l i s o l l o w e d t o r e v o l v e
s l i g h t l y . C o n t o c t i s e s t o b l i s h e dl,h e b u l b l i g h t s u p . O n r e w i n d i n g t h e s h u t t e rs p e e d
diol to the stop the current must be switched off ogoin. With these tests proper
flosh synchronizotionis estoblished. In cose of difficulty with electronic floshes it is
odvisoble to hove the insulqtingresistoncechecked by on expert (electricolengineer)
o t t h e t w o - p i n p l u g o f t h e c o b l e w h i l e t h e c o m e r o p l u g i s p u s h e di n p o s i t i o n . T h e
test voltoge should be not more thon 220 volts, the insuloting resistonceof leost
2 m e g o h m s . l f t h e c o m e r o d o e s n o t c o n f o r m w i t h t h i s r e q u i r e m e n ti t s h o u l d b e s e n t
to our works or our officiol ogency.

41
't.r#
C H O I C EO F F I L MM A T E R I A L :
A wide voriety of films of differing speeds
o n d o f h e r c h o r o c t e r i s t i c si s o v o i l o b l e , e n - Generol- \ m e r i c o n E ur o p e o r
DIN Weslon
obling the LEICA photogropher lo select {rithmetic mi < E l e c t r i c Sdreiner Scheiner
the lype most suitoble for ony porticulor lLosorith

Purpose.
Medium Speed Films with o roling of obout lo/ro 6
'190
8 ( .|60
200
telro DIN to l8/ro DIN ore most suitoble for ll/ro 8 200 l0 6 170 210
g e n e r o l u s e . T h e y y i e l d h i g h c o n t r o s t ,f i n e 121rc .|80
l0 210 12 8 220
groin imoges, exhibit wide exposure loti- l3/ro 12 220 16 l0 190 230
t u d e o n d p o s s e s sh i g h r e s o l v i n g p o w e r . lalro 16 230 20 12 200 240
H i g h S p e e d F i l m ss h o u l d o n l y b e u s e d u n d e r 15/ro 20 240 24 16 210 250
certoin circumstonces, such os poor light, 16ln 24 250 32 20 220 260
indoor ond lheotre work ond sportsphoto-
171rc 32 260 40 24 230 270
grophy when high shutter speeds ore es-
t8/ro 40 270 48 32 240 290
s e n t i o l . H i g h s p e e d c o n o n l y b e r e o l i s e do t 'le/r
lhe expense of some coorsening of groin o 48 290 64 40 250 290
struclure ond therefore of resolving power. 20lrc 64 290 80 50 260 300
Slow Films possess porticulorly fine groin 2lr l0 80 300 100 64 270 310
ond yield the highest conirost. They ore nln 100 3]0 125 80 280 320
mosi suitoble when lhe reproduction of fine ?3lrc 1n 320 160 r00 290 330
detoil is required ond length of exposure
is unimportont. The copying of documents
2alrc r60 330 zuv 125 300 340
25ho 200 340 2s0 160 310 350
ond drowings is best done on slow films.
Film monufocturers express lhe speeds of
t h e i r m o l e r i o l s b y v o r i o u s s y s t e m sT
. he more
frequently used rotings employed by film S c h e i n e r ,D l N , A S A / B S ( l o g ) r o t i n g s p r o g r e s s b y t h r e e u n i t s
ond exposuremeter monufocturerso re shown p e r d o u b l i n g o f s p e e d . I n t h e o t h e r s y s t e m s ,d o u b l i n g o f
in the occomponying toble, the speed figure denoies o doubling of lhe film speed.
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I

42
 C O R R E CETX P O S U R E :
A good exposure meter greotly simplifies exPosure
problems, but even without o meter, it is possible to Snopshots, Groups,
Street Scenes,
ocquire o focility for estimoting exposures bosed on Houses: t15.6 l/so- l/too
previous experience. From the stort, moke two different
Ropidly Moving
exposuresof eoch subiect ond compore lhe result ofter Obiects, tl4 1/zoo-l/soo
d e v e l o p m e n t .T h e o c c o m p o n y i n g f o b l e o p p l i e s t o o v e r o g e Sports Pictures: t12.8 l/soo- l/rooo
subiects.
Lon dscopes
with foreground: il9 tlu -1|rc
W h e n e s t i m o t i n ge x p o s u r e sb e o r i n m i n d t h o t
l/so - l/too
i n o p h o t o g r o p h b r i g h t o b i e c t so p p e o r r e l o - Open Londscopes: fl9

tively brighter, while dork obiects oppeor Open Seo,

Snow Scenes: f/8-f/ll lln -llmo
dorker thon they do to the eye. Thisis becouse
Outdoor Portroits
the eye odopts itself to the prevoiling light. in the shode: f/3.5 llu -1lso
W h e n m o k i n g o v i s u o l e s t i m o t eo f o n e x p o - Indoor Portroits ft2
sure, therefore, until extensive experiencehos neor window: F/3.5
been goined in bright light, toke o second

t picture giving one third of the estimotedex-

p o s u r e .l n d u l l l i g h t m o k e o d u p l i c o t ee x p o s u r e
giving 3 to 5 times fhe estimotedtime.
T h e o b o v e e x p o s u r e so r e f o r m e d i u m s p e e d
f i l m s 1 7 l or D I N ( 2 8 0 E u r o p e o n S c h e i n e r , 2 7 0
B . S . & A . S . A . L o o o r i t h m i c I n d e x )o n d o c l e o r
s k y d u r i n q t h e s u m - m em r o n l h sb e t w e e nl 0 o . m .
orid 4 p. fr. ln sprinq ond outumn double lhese
e x p o s u r e so n d ' i n t - h ew i n t e r m o n t h s m u l t i p l y
The obove opplies to block-ond-white film.

fr
by' four. High-speed films will require only
h o l f t h e e x p o s u r e si n d i c o t e d .
, , C o l o u r f i l m h q s l i t t l e e x p o s u r el o t i t u d e o n d T h e g e o g r o p h i c o l l o t i t u d e o l s o i n f l u e n c e se x p o -
i,' the use of on exposuremeter is recommended. sures.Thosesh ow n o p p Iy to th e te m pe ro te zo n es.

43

,l-.-
T H EI N T E R C H A N G E A BLLEEI C AL E N S E S

ore offered in o lorge voriety of types G e n e rolP urposeLenses:

ronging from wide-ongle to telephoto, 50mm.f/3.5(1),SUMMITAR
ELMAR 50mm.f/2 (2)
e n s u r i n ge x c e l l e n tr e s u l t si n o l l b r o n c h e s
o f o m o t e u r p h o t o g r o p h yo n d m o s t s p e - Ultro Speed Lenses:
ciolized professionolwork. S U M M A R5I T
0 m mf./ l . 5( 3 )
SUMMAREX 85mm.f/I.5 (4)
Averoge requirementsqre often wholly
sotisfiedby one of the 50 mm stondord Wide-Angle Lens:
l e n s e sw h i l e e x t r o l e n s e so p e n u p m o n y SUMMARON 35mm.f/3.5(5)
s p e c i o lp h o t o g r o p h i c p o s s i b i l i t i e s . L o n g - F o c u sL e n s e s :
ELMAR 90 mm.tt4 (6),HEKTOR (7)
135mm.114.5

Telephoto Lens:
200mm.f/4.5(8)
TELYT
T h e T E L Y T2 0 0 m m . c o n o n l y b e u s e d i n c o n i u n c t i o n
w i t h t h e m i r r o r r e f l e x h o u s i n g ( 9 ) ,w h i c h o l s o t o k e s
lhe HEKTOR ]35 mm. when fitted with o shori
mount,

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t

44
'-r.,
T H EL E I C AL E N S E S
T H E U N I V E R S A TV I E W F I N D E R THE MIRROR REFIEX HOUSING
i s d e s i g n e d f o r l e n s e so f 3 5 m m . u p t o 1 3 5 m m . i s i n t e n d e d f o r v i e w i n g o n d f o c u s i n gd i r e c t l y o n
f o c o l l e n g t h o n d p r e s e n t st h e f i e l d s c o v e r e d i n q g r o u n d g l q s s s c r e e nw i l h t h e o i d o f q 5 x m o g -
n o t u r o l l e f t t o r i g h t o n d v e r t i c o l o r i e n t o t i o n ,t h e
field diophrogm being operotedby o milled ring
n i f i e r . T h i sd e v i c ei s p r i m o r i l yd e s i g n e df o r f o c u s i n g
t h e 2 0 0 m m . t e l e p h o t o l e n s e sb u t u s e c q n o l s o
,
with click stops. A groduoted lever provides the
n e c e s s c r r yp o r o l l o x c o r r e c l i o n f o r c l o s e u p s .
be mode of the 135 mm. lens for which o
speciol short focusing mount is ovoiloble. (For
I
sports photogrophy with the 200 mm. lens o
direct vision finder is olso offered.)
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46
THE UNIVERSATFOCUSING BETTOWS
.|35
in coniunction with the mirror reflex housingond the mm.
l e n s ( u s e d w i t h o u t i t s n o r m o l f o c u s i n g m o u n t )o f f o r d s c o n t i n u o u s
f o c u s i n gf r o m i n f i n i t y d o w n t o s c o l e l , l ( n o t u r o l s i z e ) .O t h e r s c o l e s
o f r e p r o d u c t i o n , i . e . m o g n i f i c q t i o n su p t o 6 : 1 o n t h e n e g o t i v e ,
q r e o b t o i n o b l e w i t h l e n s e s o f s h o r t e rf o c q l l e n g t h . A n e x t e n d i n g
lens shode is most effective,porticulorly when using ortificiol
s o u r c e so f l i g h t o r p h o t o g r o p h i n go g o i n s t t h e s u n .

47
LENS HOOD5 THE OPTICAT NEAR FOCUSING DEVICE
should form port of every comero outfit. They not
e n o b l e st h e L E I C Au s e r t o f o c u s t h e 5 0 ' m m .E L M A R
only screen off direct sun ond other extroneous
or SUMMITAR lens for distonces between 17
light.but prove .very odvontogeous when photo-
i n c h e so n d 3 1 l z _ f e e p| ,o r o l l o x b e i n g o u t o m o t i c o l l y
grophs hove to be token under odverseweother
c . o m p e n s o t e d .E v e n i ' n t h i s r q n g e u s e i s m q d e o f
conditions os they will protect the front lens t h e t o u p l e d r o n g e f i n d e ro f t h e ' L E I C Al l f q n d l l l f .
from roin or snow.

FItTERS T H E B A T L - A N D . S O C K E TT R I P O D H E A D
o r e r e c o m m e n d e Ci n o r d e r t o i n c r e o s e c o n t r o s t o l l o w s t h e c o m e r c tt o b e o d j u s t e d e o s i l y o n d r o -
gI'.{.im.prove generql picture quolity. For oll pidly when toking photogrophs with the oid ot
L E l C A . l e n s e sy e l l o w , g r e e n , o i o n g e , r e d , U V o tripod. The heovy design ensures relioble
p r o t e c t i v e ,o n d p o l o r i z i n g f i l t e r s o r e s u p p l i e d .
www.butkus.us
clomping with ony LEICA outfit.

48
AUX I T I AR Y SE T T ING DE V IC E S
o r e m o d e i n v o r i o u s m o d e l s f o r t h e L E I C At o p r o -
vide inexpensive mechonicol meons for copying
o r s i m i l o r c l o s e - u p w o r k . F o c u s i n gf o r s c o l e s o f
r e p r o d u c t i o no f l : 4 , 1 2 6 o n d 1 ' 9 ( o p p r o x .f i e l d s
4 , ; x 5 , , , 5 , , x 8 1 l z ' , q n d 8 1 1 2 x" 1 2 " \ i s o c h i e v e d
m e c h o n i c o l l yb y 4 e x t e n d i n g r o d s q n d 3 i n t e r -
mediote odoptors fitting between comero body
o n d 5 0 m m l e n s ( c o d e w o r dB O O W U ) .
49
Another outfit which mokesuseof 3 intermediqte
c o l l o r s , 4e x t e n s i b l er o d s o n d o u n i v e r s o lc l o m p i n g
c o l l o r g i v e s n e g o t i v e so t t h e s c o l e sI : . | . 5 I, : 2 o n d I : 3 .
( O n l y s u i t o b l ef o T E L M A R 5 0 m m , c o d e w o r dB E H O O )
The ouxiliory setting device for scole 1:1, i. e.
reproduction in noturol size on the film, is mode
with clomping collqrs fitting either the 50 mm
ELMAR or SUMMITAR (codewords BELUN ond
B E L UN - H E S U M ) .
 S m o l lN e g o t i v e s . . . .
L A R GE P I C T RUES
I t i s n o t o n l y e c o n o m i c q lf o r t h e L E I C A
p h o t o g r o p h e rt o d e v e l o p o n d e n l o r g e
h i s o w n n e g o t i v e s ,b u t i t e n o b l e s h i m
to utilize to the fullest extent the pic-
t o r i o l p o s s i b i l i t i eosf h i s s u b i e c t so n d t o
e x p r e s si n d i v i d u o l i t yi n h i s p i c t u r e s .

Enlorg ers
THE FOCOMAT ENLARGER is fitted
with on outomoticfocusing device to
e n s u r e m o x i m u m s h o r p n e s so f e v e r y
e n l or g e m e n tw i t h o u tl e d i o u so d i u s t m e n t .
I t r e n d e r se n l o r g i n go s s i m p l e o s c o n -
Developing fonks toct prinling.
o r e o v o i l o b l ef o r d o y l i g h tw o r k , ( f o r e x - 5 0 m m l e n s e sE L M A R o r S U M M I T A R
o m p l et h e L E I T Z - R O N D I N A T Xo n k ) o n d moy be used in the FOCOMAT qnd
o l s o i n s i m p l e ,l e s se x p e n s i v ef o r m s f o r o l s o i n t h e V A L O Y e n l o r g e rw h i c h i s q
u s ei n t h e d o r k r o o m .T h e l o t t e rt o n k so r e simplified form, focusing being non'
m o d e f o r 5 0 0o n d 3 0 0c c .( I 6 o z s & I 0 o z s ) . outomotic.
www.butkus.us
50
 r ftN$T tilTT mt4|3fi
fi t4[3{-rSIT/rAR
iryfiT/rAR 3&ef

The brilliqrce of LEICA photogrophs proiected

on to o screen mokes for lifelike presentotion
o n d m o s t i m p r e s s i v ed e m o n s t r o t i o no f t h e L E I C A
p h o t o g r o p h e r ' sw o r k f o r e n t e r t o i n m e n t ,t e o c h i n g
or mqny other purposes. The LEITZ PRADO
proiectors 150& 250 ore lhe ideol equipments
f o r s h o w i n g b l o c k - o n d - w h i t eq n d c o l o u r f i l m s i n
the home or lecture rooms.

5l
NEVERTRY. . . .
to repoir o LEICA if by ony chonce_,ithos become
domoged. Alwoys toke it to on outhorized LEICA
repoir service. The LEICA is built by speciolistsond
only speciolistsshould be entrusted with its repoir.

EVERYLEICAond EVERYLEICA LEN S

beorsq REGISTRATION
NUMBER
ln cose of loss or theft it is importont thot this number
b e k n o w n . M o k e o n o t e o f o l l s e r i o l n u m b e r so n d
corefully preserveit for referencein cose of loss. lt
moy help to recover o lost or stolen comero or lens.
lf you furnish us with the necessorydetoils, oll our
technicol services will be notified ond will retoin
every comero reported.
www.butkus.us
52
FOR MORE THAN TWENTY-FIVE YEARS

t h e L E I C Ah o s b e e n t h e l e o d i n g m i n i o t u r e
comero. Together with its ronge of occes-
soriesit representso self-contoinedphoto-
S p e c i o fo t t e n t i o n i s d r o w n t o
g r o p h i c s y s t e mo p p l i c o b l e t o o l l f i e l d s o f
the foct thotwith the genuine
L E I C Ao n l y o c c e s s o r i e sm o d e omoteur or professionol photogrophy.
by LEITZore guoronteed for Scientistsond technicions with speciol
p e r f e c t r e s u l i ss i n c e o n l y o u r p h o t o g r o p h i cp r o b l e m so r e i n v i t e dt o w r i t e
orgonizotion hos ot its dispo-
f o r o u r s p e c i o lo d v i c e o n s u i t o b l ee q u i P -
sol oll the highlyspeciolized
tools ond testing equipment ment. Aftention is olso drown to fhe excel-
required. We connot be held l e n t l y i l l u s t r q t e dm o g o z i n e
responsible for unsotisfociory
resultsobtoined with or de- L E I C A- F O T O G RA FI E
fects coused by occessories ( w i t h i n s e ti n E n g l i s h )
of other moke.
w i t h i n f o r m o t i o n o n o l l o d v o n c e si n m i n i -
oture photogrophy. Obtoinoble through
phoio deolers.

,n. fuis , n l o r i o( C o n o d o )
m o n u f o c t u r eodn l yo l f h e L e i t zW o r k so t W e t z l o r( G e r m o n yo)n d M i d l o n d O

53
 OTHER LEITZ PRECISION INSTRUMENTS
ore mode for-o wide ronge of opplicotions in mony fields of scienceond industriol
o c t i v i t i e s ;t h e y i n c l u d e:

M o n o c u l o r o n d B i n o c u l o rM i c r o s c o p e sf o r g e n e r o lb i o l o g i c o lo n d m e d i c o lw o r k
. Binoculor PrismMognifiers ond Stereo Microscopes,
ReseorchMicroscopeswith Built-in Light-Source,
Polorizing Microscopesfor Tronsmittedond Incident Light,
, PhotomicrogrophicApporotus for Plotesond Leico Filrn,
Attochoble Microscope Heoting Stoges,
l n t e g r o t i n gS t o g e f o r P l o n i m e t r i cA n o l y s i s ,
D o r k F i e l d o n d P h o s eC o n t r o s tE q u i p m e n t s ,
P o l o r i z i n gC o m p e n s o t i n gP h o f o m e t e r ,
L o r g e H o l f - S h o d o wP o l o r i m e t e r ,
Micro-Refro ctometer,Microtomes,
Heoting Microscope with Automotic Recording(16000C),
www.butkus.us
54
 D i l o t o m e t e rf o r T h e r m o l A n c l l s i s ( 1 1 0 0 0C ) ,
' i c r o s c o p e so r r d C c n t o u r P r o i e c t o r s ,
T o o l m o k e r sM
H o r d n e s sT e s t e ro n d B r i n e l lM i c r o ; c o p e s ,
P r e c i s i o nJ i g B o r e r o n d U n i v e r s o lM e o s u r i n gM o c h i n e ,
School Epidioscopes,Slide ond Film Strip Proiectors,
'
LectureHoll ProiectionApporotus ond Micro-Proiectors
,
O p e r o G l o s s e so n d P r i s mB i n o c u l o r s .

C A T A L O G U E S o n t h e s e o n d m o n y o t h e r i n s t r u m e n t so r e g l o d l y s e n t
ILLUSTRATED
upon receipt of detoils on the type of opporotus required or on the exominotions
which ore to be corried out by opticol meons.

ERNST LEITZ.GMBH .Vy'ETZ LAR

GERMANY

Bronch Works, Ernst Leitz (Conodo) Ltd., Midlond/Ontorio

55