7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

EXERCISE 1
WHICH LOSSES WOULD YOU EXPECT TO BE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT IN A LOCAL EXHAUST SYSTEM?

Most significant loss in a Local Exhaust System:

Hood Entry Loss
Other Losses:
Friction Losses
Branch Losses

EXERCISE 2
SEE FIGURE BELOW. WHAT INDIVIDUAL LOSSES CAN YOU IDENTIFY?

Losses:
Hood
Elbow
Friction
Entry
Entry Loss to Fan
Stack

 
 
EXERCISE 3
WHAT IS THE FRICTION LOSS (IN INCHES OF WATER) OF STANDARD AIR FLOWING THROUGH A 5 INCH DUCT AT V = 4,000 FPM?

Solution:
From I.V. Manual, Table 5-5

At D = 5" and Duct Velocity = 4,000 FPM : Vp=1" wg

Duct Friction Loss = 0.054*Vp per foot = 0.054" wg per foot

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 1/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

Friction Loss: 0.054" wg per foot

EXERCISE 4
WHAT IS THE FRICTION LOSS IN TERMS OF VELOCITY PRESSURE (VP)?

Solution:
Again, from Appendix A - Chart 5 or I.V. Manual

Friction Loss: 0.054" wg per foot

EXERCISE 5
FOR THE FOLLOWING GRINDING WHEEL HOOD SYSTEM, CALCULATE (a) AIR VOLUME, (b) DUCT VELOCITY AND (c) PERCENT LOSS IN
VELOCITY HEAD.

Given: Ce = 0.78
SPh = 2.50 inches water
DUCT DIAMETER = 5 inches
DUCT AREA (A) = 0.136 sq. ft.

Solution:
(a) Air Volume (Q) = V x A = 4005ÖVP x A = 4005 x Ce ÖSPh x A

= 4005 x 0.78 x Ö2.50 x 0.136 = 672 CFM

(b) Duct Velocity (V) = V = Q / A = 672 / 0.136 = 4950 FP

(c) Percent loss in Velocity head:

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 2/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

VP = (V/4005)² = (4950 / 4005)² = 1.52" WG

Static Pressure (SPh) = VP + he or 2.50 = 1.52 + he;

Hood entry loss (he) = 2.50 - 1.52 = 0.98" WG

Hood entry loss factor (Fh) = (he / VP) = (0.98 / 1.52) = 0.645

Percent loss in Velocity head = Fh x 100 = 0.645 x 100 = 64.5%

EXERCISE 6

IN A SIMPLE HOOD SHOWN BELOW, THE HOOD STATIC PRESSURE IS EQUAL TO THE VELOCITY PRESSURE IN THE DUCT PLUS THE HOOD
ENTRY LOSS. IF THE FACE VELOCITY (Vf) IS 250 FPM AND DUCT VELOCITY (Vd) IS 3000 FPM, CALCULATE HOOD STATIC PRESSURE (SPh).

Solution:
Face Velocity (Vf) = Q / A face = 250 FPM

Duct Velocity (Vd) = Q / A duct = 3000 FPM

VPd = (Vd / 4005 )² = 0.56 " WG

Fh (From Chart 18) = 0.25

SPh = Hood entry loss of transition (Hed = Fh x VPd) + VPd

= (0.25 x 0.56 ) + o.56

= 0.70 " WG

EXERCISE 7

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 3/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

PROBLEM NO: SHAPE OF D A V Q TP SP VP

DUCT IN. SQ. FT. FPM CFM IN. WG IN. WG IN.WG

A SQUARE. 12* 4005 -2.00

B CIRCLE. 2.182 3000 -2.50

C CIRCLE. 14 3000 -0.86

D CIRCLE. 393 -0.70 0.25

E CIRCLE. 30 2000 -3.64

F CIRCLE. 4005 2184 -5.20

*-Length of the side
NOTE: ALL PROBLEMS ARE ON THE UPSTREAM SIDE OF THE FAN . FLOW CONDITIONS ARE AT STP.
Solution:
Problem A:
Given: L = 12 inch, SP = - 2.00 inch Q = 4005 CFM

A = 1’ x 1’ = 1 Sq. Ft.

Q = V / A or 4005 = V / 1’ x 1’ or V = 4005 FPM

From Appendix A - Chart 5 or I.V. Manual, Table 5.7B

At V = 4005 FPM, VP = 1 inch wg

TP = SP + VP

= - 2.00 + 1.00 = -1.00 inch wg

Problem B:
www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 4/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

Given: Area (A) = 2.182 Sq. Ft., V = 3000 FPM SP = -2.50 inch wg

Area = p D² / 4 or 2.182 = 3.14 D² / 4; D² = (2.182 x 4) / 3.14

D = 20 inch

From Appendix A - Chart 5 or I.V. Manual, Table 5-7B

At D = 20 inch and V = 3000 FPM, Q = 6000 CFM and VP = 0.57

TP = SP + VP

TP = -2.50 + 0.57 = -1.93 inch wg

EXERCISE 8
FILL IN THE BLANKS

PROBLEM NO. D Q V VP FLF FL/F

INCH CFM FPM IN. WG

A 6   2000      

B   140 400      

C 20   7300      

D   1600   0.02    

FLF: Friction Loss Factor FL/F: Friction Loss/Foot

NOTE: ALL FLOW IN ROUND GALVANIZED DUCTS AT STP.

Solution:
Problem A:
www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 5/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

Given: D = 6 inch, V = 2000 FPM

From Appendix A - Chart 5 or I.V. Manual, Tables 5-5 and 5-7B

At D = 6 inch and V = 2000 FPM

Q = 350 CFM, FLF = 0.45 VP/Foot , VP = 0.25 inch WG and

Friction Loss = 0.0456*0.25= 0.0114 inch WG/ft

Problem B:
D = 8", VP = 0.01 inch WG,

Friction Loss Factor = 0.0321 Vp/ft

Friction Loss = 0.000321 inch WG/ft

Problem C:
Q = 15926.4CFM, VP = 3.2 inch WG,

Friction Loss Factor = 0.0096 VP/ft

Friction Loss = 0.31inch WG/ft

Problem D:
Q = 1600 CFM, V = 566 FPM, D= 23 inch

Friction Loss Factor = 0.0088 VP/ft

Friction Loss = 0.00018inch WG/ft

EXERCISE 9

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 6/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

WHAT IS THE ACTUAL LOSS IN INCHES WG OF AIR FLOWING THROUGH A THREE-PIECE, 60° AND 45° ELBOW (R/D = 1.25) AT Vd = 3,500
FPM.

Solution:
Given: Three piece, 60° Elbow, R/D = 1.25 Vd = 3,500 FPM
From Appendix A - Chart 13 or I.V. Manual, Table 5-13

Elbow Loss Factor for angles < 90° , Kf = (f / 90° ) x K90

Loss Coefficient = (0.42+0.34)/2 = 0.38

Therefore, Kf = (60 / 90) x 0.42 = 0.25 inch WG

From Appendix A - Chart 5 or I.V. Manual, Table 5-7B

At Duct Velocity Vd = 3,500 FPM, Velocity Pressure VP = 0.765

Elbow Loss = ( K x VP )

Elbow Loss= 0.25 x 0.76 = 0.19 inch WG

 
For 45° , three-piece elbow:
Elbow Loss Factor = (45 / 90) x 0.38 = 0.14 inch WG

Elbow Loss= 0.14 x 0.76 = 0.11 inch WG

EXERCISE 10
WHAT IS THE ACTUAL LOSS IN INCHES OF WG FOR A BRANCH ENTRY OF 30° WHERE THE ENTRY VELOCITY IS 4,500 FPM?

Solution:
Given: V = 4,500 FPM

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 7/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

From Appendix A - Chart 5, VP = 1.26 Inch WG

(I.V Manual, Table 5-B)

From Appendix A - Chart 14, At 30° branch entry, K = 0.18

(I.V Manual, Table 5-14)

Entry Loss (SPL) = 0.18 x 1.26 = 0.23 inch WG

SPL = 0.23 inch WG

EXERCISE 11
WHAT IS THE ESTIMATED FLOW RATE THROUGH A HOOD IF Ce = 0.82, SPh = -2.0 INCHES WG, AND THE DUCT DIAMETER IS 12 INCHES?

Solution:
Coefficient of Entry (Ce) = e(VP / SPh)

Or SPh = VP / Ce² Or VP = Ce² x SPh

VP = (0.82)² x 2.0 = 0.67 x 2.0 = 1.34 inch WG

From Appendix A - Chart 7, At VP = 1.34, V = 4,636 FPM

From Appendix A - Chart 5, At V = 4,636 FPM, Q = 3.750 CFM

EXERCISE 12
FIND Fn, He, Ce FOR THE FOLLOWING HOODS:
A BELL MOUTH HOOD, IF THE DUCT VELOCITY = 3,000 FPM.

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 8/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

Solution:
From Appendix A - Chart 11A, Coefficient of Entry (Ce) = 0.98 and

Loss Factor (K) = 0.04

From Appendix A - Chart 7, At V = 3,000 FPM, VP = 0.56 inch WG

Ce = v ( VP / SPh ), SPh = (VP / Ce² ) = 0.56 / 0.98²

SPh = (0.56 / 0.96) = 0.58 inch WG

Hood Entry Loss (He) = SPh - VP = 0.58 - 0.56 = 0.02 inch WG

A ROUND TAPERED HOOD, INCLUDED ANGLE OF 90-DEGREES AND DUCT VELOCITY V= 2,300 FPM.
Solution:
From Appendix A - Chart 11 B, Fn = 0.15

(I.V. Manual-Fig 5-12)

From Appendix A - Chart 7, At V = 2,300 FPM, VP = 0.33 inch WG

He =Fn * Vp =0.15*0.33 = 0.05" WG

SPh = He + Vp = 0.05 + 0.33 = 0.38 inch WG

Ce = Sqrt(Vp/ SPh ) = 0.93

A ROUND PLAIN DUCT HOOD, IF DUCT VELOCITY = 3,750 FPM.
Solution:
From Appendix A - Chart 11 A, Ce = 0.72, Fn = 0.93

(I.V. Manual-Fig 3-16)

From Appendix A - Chart 7, At V = 3,750 FPM, VP = 0.875 inch WG

(I.V. Manual, Table 5-7B)

SPh = (0.875 / 0.72² ) = (0.875 / 0.52) = 1.68 inch WG

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 9/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

He = SPh - VP = 1.68 - 0.875 = 0.805 inch WG

IF AT A LATER DATE, THE HOOD STATIC PRESSURE FOR EACH OF THE ABOVE HOODS IS FOUND TO BE, SPh = -2.00 INCH WG, AND D
= 12 INCH, WHAT IS THE ESTIMATED FLOW RATE (Q) IN EACH SYSTEM?
Solution:
Given: 19(a): D = 12", Ce = 0.98,

SPh = - 2.00 inch WG,

Area (A) = p r² = (3.14 x 36) / 144 = 0.78 Sq. Ft.

Q = 4005 Ce x eSPh *A = 4005 x 0.98 x v 2.00*0.78

Q = 4,360 CFM

EXERCISE 13

A FLANGED DUCT HOOD IS TO BE USED TO CONTROL WELDING FUMES AND GASES. THE HOOD CAN BE MOVED WITHIN NINE INCHES OF
THE WELDING POINT. THE PLANT MANAGER WOULD LIKE TO MAINTAIN A CAPTURE VELOCITY AT THE WELDING POINT OF 150 FPM. WHAT
Q WOULD YOU SUGGEST?

Solution:
From Appendix A - Chart 11C (Welding Hood, Portable…)

Q = 2 p X² Vc = 2 x 3.14 x (9/12)² x 150

Q = 530 CFM

EXERCISE 14

WHAT CAPTURE VELOCITIES ARE RECOMMENDED FOR THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS?

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 10/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

Solution:
ARC WELDING 100 FPM
GRINDING WHEEL WITH A GOOD ENCLOSURE 200 - 500 FP
LAB FUME HOOD 100 FPM

EXERCISE 15
FOR THE BOOTH SHOWN, FIND THE TARGET AIRFLOW (Qt), GIVE THAT ITS FACE VELOCITY (Vf) = 100 FPM.

Solution:
Area = 6' x 8' = 48 Sq. ft.

Qt = Vf x A = (100 ft/min) x (48 Sq. ft.)

Q = 4800 CFM
 
 
EXERCISE 16
FIND Qt, GIVEN THAT Vf = 125 FPM

Solution:
Area (A) = 5' x 3' = 15 Sq. ft.

Qt = Vf x A = (125 ft./min.) x (15 Sq. ft.)

Qt = 1875 CFM

 
 

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 11/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

EXERCISE 17
FIND Q, GIVEN THAT: DUCT VELOCITY (Vd) = 2510 FPM, DUCT DIAMETER (D) = 24"

Solution:
Area = p D² / 4 = 3.14 x 24 x 24 /4 Sq. Inch

= 3.14 x 24 x 24 / 4 x 12 x 12 = 3.14 Sq. ft.

Q = (Vd) x A = (2510 ft/min.) x (3.14 Sq. Ft.) = 7885 CFM

Q = 7885 CFM
 
 
 
 
EXERCISE 18
FIND Q GIVEN THAT: DUCT DIAMETER (D) = 6", AND DUCT VELOCITY (Vd) = 3550 FPM

Solution:
Area (A) = p D² / 4 = 3.14 x 6 x 6 / 4 x 12 x 12 = 0.1963 Sq. Ft.

Q = (Vd )x A = (3550 ft./min.) x (0.1963 Sq. Ft.) = 697 CFM

Q = 697 CFM
 
 
 
EXERCISE 19

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 12/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

FIND THE AIRFLOW IN THE MAIN DUCT:

Solution:
Q = V x A = (2890 ft./min.) x (Area of 10" duct)

= (2890) x (p D² / 4)

= 2890 x 3.14 x 10 x 10 / 4 x 12 x 12

= 2890 x 0.5454 = 1576 CFM

Q = 1576 CFM
 
 
 
EXERCISE 20
FIND DUCT VELOCITY (Vd) GIVEN THAT: Q = 7885 CFM AND DUCT DIAMETER = 24"

Solution:
Area (A) = 3.14 x 24 x 24 / (4 x 12 x 12)

= 3.14 Sq. Ft.

Duct Velocity (V) = Q / A = 7885 / 3.14

= 2510 ft./min.

V = 2510 FPM
 
 
 
EXERCISE 21
www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 13/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

FIND DUCT VELOCITY (Vd) GIVEN THAT Q = 697 CFM AND D = 6"

Solution:
Area = 3.14 x 6 x 6 / (4 x 12 x 12) = 0.1963 Sq. Ft.

V = Q / A = 697 / 0.1963

= 3551 FPM

V = 3551 FPM
 
 
EXERCISE 22
CHOOSE A DIAMETER SUCH THAT Vd ³ 3500 FPM AND THEN CALCULATE THE ACTUAL DUCT VELOCITY.

Solution:
Area (At) = Qt /Vt = (697 CFM) / (3500 FPM) = 0.1991 Sq. Ft.

Also, Area = 3.14 x D² / 4 x 12 x 12 = 0.1991

D² = 0.1991 x 4 x 12 x 12 / 3.14

D = 24 x Ö (0.1991 / 3.14) = 6.04"

Since we must choose either a 6" or 7" diameter duct, then duct velocity (Vd) will not exactly equal to Vt. Let us calculate the duct velocity for
both:

V=Q/A

For 6" diameter duct

V = 697 / 3.14 x 6 x 6 / 4 x 12 x 12 = 697 x 0.1963 = 3551 FPM

For 7" diameter duct

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 14/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

V = 697 / 3.14 x 7 x 7 / 4 x 12 x 12 = 697 x 0.2673 = 2608 FPM

If Q = Qt, to ensure that Vd > Vt, choose the smaller diameter.

(Alternate Solution: Let V = Vt, Q = Vt x Area of larger duct

Q = 3500 x 3.14 x 7 x 7 / 4 x 12 x 12 = 935 CFM)

EXERCISE 22
FOR THE SYSTEM SKETCHED BELOW, CHOOSE THE DUCT DIAMETERS AND COMPUTE THE DUCT VELOCITIES FOR BRANCHES 'a' AND 'b'.

Solution:
For Branch 'a':

Area (A) = Qa / Va = 1000 / 2500 = 0.40 Sqft.

Also, Area = p D² / 4 = 3.14 x D² / 4 x 12 x 12 S q. ft

Duct Diameter (Da) = Ö (0.40 x 4 x 12 x 12 / 3.14) = 8.56"

Choose Da = 8"

Area (A) = 3.14 (8 /4 x 12 x 12)² = 0.3491 Sq. Ft.

Va = Qa / Aa = 1000 /0.3491 = 2865 FPM

For Branch 'b':

Area (A) = Qb / Vb = 1000 / 4000 = 0.25 Sq. Ft.

Duct Diameter (Db) = 4 x 12 x 12 Ö (0.25 / 3.14) = 6.77"

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 15/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

Choose Db = 6"
Area (A) = 3.14 (6" / 4 x 12 x 12)² = 0.1963 Sq. Ft.

Vb = Qb / Ab = 1000 / 0.1963 = 5094 FPM

EXERCISE 23
CHOOSE THE DUCT DIAMETER AND COMPUTE THE DUCT VELOCITY FOR THE MAIN DUCT, GIVEN THAT Vt = 2500 FPM.

Solution:
For the main duct:

Vt = Highest transport velocity upstream = 2500 FPM

Qm = Qa + Qb = 1200 + 805 = 2005 CFM

(we are interested in the actual Q, not Qt)

Area (A) = Qm / Vt = 2005 / 2500 = 0.802 Sq. Ft.

Diameter (Dt) = 4 x 12 x12 x Ö (0.802 / 3.14) = 12.13"

Choose Dm = 12"

Area = 3.14 (12"/24")² = 0.7854 Sq. Ft.

Vm = Qm / A = 2005 / 0.7854 = 2553 FPM

EXERCISE 24
www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 16/17
7/30/2020 Hood Design Sample Problems

FOR THE SYSTEM SKETCHED BELOW, WHAT IS THE AVERAGE FACE VELOCITY?

Solution:
Assume that the density is constant in the duct, the Continuity Equation is

: A1 V1 = A2 V2 Q1 = Q2
V2 = A1 V1 / A2
= [p (8)² / 4] x 1000 / [p (4)² /4]

= 4000 FPM

V2 = 4000 FPM
 
 

EXERCISE 25
FOR THE SYSTEM SKETCHED BELOW, WHAT IS THE AVERAGE FACE VELOCITY?

Solution:
From the Continuity Equation, V1 A1 = V2 A2

V2 = 2000 x (3.14 x 4 x 4 / 4) / 6 x 12

= 349 FPM

V2 = 349 FPM

www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/SampleProblems/Week5.htm 17/17