NTCC Report Final PDF

SUMMER ARCHITECTURAL
TOUR - II
SUMMER ARCHHITECTURAL TOUR
DECLARATION
I, Nabila Fatima , hereby declare that the report of Summer Architectural

Tour II entitled ‘’CASE STUDY OF LUCKNOW” submitted in the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Architecture (II Year) is my original research work and that the
information taken from secondary sources is given due citations and
references.
NABILA FATIMA
Date: 9/ 5 /20 Bachelor of Architecture (II YEAR)
2
Acknowledgement
I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my Respected ma’am

Ar. Shweta who have attitude and the substance of a genius, they
continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to
research. Without their guidance and persistent help this dissertation
would not have been possible. My acknowledgement may not redeem
the debt I owe to my family and specially my friends who spare their
valuable and precious time and helped and support me during the course
of this research. I have tried my best to present my work on ‘STUDY OF
CITY LUCKNOW AND IT’S SETTLEMENT IN HAZRATGANJ AREA’.
clearly as possible using basic indigenous terms that I hope will be
comprehended by the widest spectrum of researchers.
3
ABOUT THE PROJECT
1. The course intends to introduce the study of context or immediate surroundings

for students through a detailed analysis and documentation of a larger context
around a building, first in terms of a case study of a settlement site and then for their
own house and its immediate surroundings.
2. The course it aimed at developing understanding about context for a building

and how certain set of conditions may apply to the creation of a newly built
structure.
3. The course aims at training the students in standard architectural techniques

used for producing a set of drawings to document a larger/urban context.
4. The course intends to inculcate the practices of research and analysis through the
process of background study as part of understanding context.
METHODOLOGY
This exploration is divided into two folds, first is comprise of secondary case
study of a settlement area and its impact on a building through following
factors -Location in city -Origin (History, politics, economics affecting the built
environment) -Environmental factors – geography, climate, green -Social and
Cultural Aspects
4
Contents
ABOUT THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................. 4
WHAT IS CONTEXT ......................................................................................................................................... 7
IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT IN ARCHITECTURE-.............................................................................. 8
The Architecture Role in Contextual Designing - ......................................................................................... 8
UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT IN ARCHITECTURE THROUGH RESEARCH PAPER .......................................... 9
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION- ..........................................................................................................................11
ABOUT LUCKNOW ........................................................................................................................................13
DEMOGRAPHY OF LUCKNOW- ......................................................................................................................14
HISTORY OF LUCKNOW- ................................................................................................................................15
PHYSICAL FEATTURES ...................................................................................................................................17
CONNECTIVITY- .......................................................................................................................................19
ARCHITECTURE .............................................................................................................................................20
CULTURE ......................................................................................................................................................22
TRADITIONAL OUTFIT................................................................................................................................22
SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................23
CUISINE ....................................................................................................................................................23
LAND USE PATTERN OF LUCKNOW................................................................................................................24
STUDY OF HAZRATGANJ , LUCKNOW ................................................................................................26
LOCATION MAP OF HAZRATGANJ- ................................................................................................................27
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTIC OF HAZRATAGANJ ...................................................................................30
URBAN CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACE-............................................................................................................32
BUILT UP/ OPEN SPACES ...............................................................................................................................33
HIERARCHY OF SPACES....................................................................................................................33
LAND USE PATTERN ..................................................................................................................................34
STUDY OF SETTLEMENT : NARAHI , HAZRTAGANJ..........................................................................................36
HIERARCHY OF SPACES- ................................................................................................................................40
SITTING AND STREET ORIENTATION- .............................................................................................................44
HOUSE FORM ...............................................................................................................................................45
Principles of Vernacular Settlement- ........................................................................................................48
5
FAMILY BACKGROUND OF AREA –......................................................................................................49

CONCLUSION- ..........................................................................................................................................54
SARVODAYA NAGAR ..............................................................................................................................57
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................58
CORE INFRASTRUCTURE....................................................................................................................60
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE- .................................................................................................................62
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS- ................................................................................................................67
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................68
6
WHAT IS CONTEXT
Context is simply an external element that influences the building and

site both. Basically the context determines the architectural
style,building material selection and site layout, which is very important in
creating an effective design. All these promote continuity between the
building and local circumstances.
The elements of context are physical and non-physical.
PHYSICAL CONTEXT-
1 – LOCATION
2- HISTORY
3- CLIMATE
4- GEOGRAPHY
5- TOPOGRAPHY
6- FLAURA AND FAUNA
7-GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
8- ROADS
NON – PHYSICAL CONTEXT
1- PEOPLE LIVING
2-CULTURE AND TRADITION
3- LIFESTYLE
4-FESTIVALS
5-LANGUAGE
6- EDUCATION
7-ECONOMIC STATUS
7
IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT IN ARCHITECTURE-
Whenever a space is to be designed it is of utmost importance that it is been

developed from a strong concept. The necessity of which arises from the fact
that the journey of developing the very same concept starting from the thought
inception point till the space execution point gives an immense amount of
architectural experience throughout.
There is a need to understand that a space demands to be catered to a

concept and its context.
It is because every building should be unique in its nature. It has different
surroundings to attend to and harmonize with. It is almost as if the building is a
remaining piece of a jigsaw puzzle and it should perfectly fit in there to create
a bigger, clearer, beautiful picture as a whole. A space should be played with
on two levels, the micro and the macro.
The Architecture Role in Contextual Designing -
On the way to reaching contextual designing in architecture, there are some

problems that are almost unsolvable. One of the most prominent problems is
the architect himself. Young architects are always thought from the beginning
how to design buildings that stand out from their environment and context so
that their work would be recognized as designed buildings. This issue is the
goal and concept of creativity in the present age. In this way, the architect can
also gain the needed credit and prestige because if the building was not
completely prominent who would notice that it is a designed building. Few of
the professional distinguished people in this profession use contextual
architecture, while it seems as if new buildings are holding flags that would
define their character. The way people think today makes us hold no credit for
the designers whose buildings are well merged with their surrounding
environment.
8
UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT IN ARCHITECTURE THROUGH RESEARCH

PAPER (SANGHVI, 2017)
ABSTRACT-
Designing in a given setting, there is always a battle between context and
contrast. Though contrast renders the building eye catching at an initial
glance, eventually, with the addition of more contrasting designs, it loses its
uniqueness. The idea was to explore ways to design while inventing within
existing style without disrupting the surrounding fabric. The research led to
identification of a few defining parameters which aid in the designing of
buildings in a contextually rich setting.
DESIGN CONSTRAINTS AND DESIGN AIDS

In a rich context, architecture has to respond to the whole rather than being an
entity in itself; in such cases, context or the buildings coherence has an impact
on the surroundings which may enhance, degrade or have no visible effect on
the architectural character of the surroundings.
Design constraints: A design constraint refers to some limitation on the

conditions under which a design is to be developed, or on the requirements of
the design.
Design aids: A design aid refers to factors that facilitate the process as well
as the outcome of architectural designs. They act as aids in the development
of designs and enhance the overall experience of a building
CONCLUSION-
Context is not an element of design, but various elements and principles of

design combine to make a building in context. A combination of parameters
stated above, when used with an in depth understanding of the surroundings
will help weave together the old and the new.
Contextual design would invariably be a 'wise' design drawing from the rich
storehouse of time-tested practices, responsive to the local climate, set in the
socio-cultural milieu and in sync with the local ethos, characteristics that may
evolve with time and attune to change but not altar in 'nativity'.
9
10
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION-
11
LUCKNOW - A DISTRICT PROFILE
12
ABOUT LUCKNOW
Lucknow is known all over the world for the tehjeeb or the courteous
behavior of its people. It is a rare city. Few places in the world are
endowed with such rich cultural traditions, as is this romantic city of the
nawabs. Whether it is history, architecture, music, dance, handicrafts,
etiquette, or sports, Lucknow has its own story to tell.
Lucknow, capital of the north-Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, is considered

to be historically, architecturally, culturally and politically important in the
region . For decades, it has been synonymous with very particular
aspects of a medieval-era Islamic (Nawabi) lifestyle that has influenced
the architecture, culture, language and cuisine of the city.
The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 metres above sea

level. Bounded on the east by Barabanki, on the west by Unnao, on the
south by Raebareli and in the north by Sitapur and Hardoi, Lucknow sits
on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River. Lucknow district covers an
area of 2,528 square kilometres .Lucknow sits on the northwestern
shore of the Gomti River. (AHMAD, 2019)
Latitude: 26.5 degrees to 27 degrees N
Longitude: 80.5 degrees to 80 degrees; 31 minutes E
Linked by Four National Highways: 24,25,28,56.
13
DEMOGRAPHY OF LUCKNOW-
Lucknow city has been experiencing high growth of population over the
years, which can be attributed to high natural growth and migration from
the adjacent rural areas and towns with expectation of better employment
and livelihood opportunity.Master Plan has projected the population for
Lucknow for the year 2011 and 2021 at 32.26 lakhs and 45 lakhs
respectively .
14
HISTORY OF LUCKNOW-
The Nawabs of Lucknow, in reality, the Nawabs of Awadh, acquired the

name after the reign of the third Nawab when Lucknow became their
capital. The city became North India's cultural capital, and its nawabs,
best remembered for their refined and extravagant lifestyles, were
patrons of the arts. Under their dominion, music and dance flourished,
and construction of numerous monuments took place.Of the monuments
standing today, the Bara Imambara, the Chota Imambara, and the Rumi
Darwaza are notable examples.
1732 A.D – Mohammad Shah appointed Mohammad Amir Saadat Khan,

a Persian adventurer the vice royalty of the area known as Awadh of
which Lucknow was a part.
1754 A.D – Shuja-ud-duala succeeded Safdarjung during whose reign

onwards the Nawabs gradually surrendered their independence.
The rapid growth of Lucknow dates from 1755 when the fourth Nawab
Asaf-ud-daula transferred the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to
Lucknow.he built the Asafi Imambara, Roomi Darwaza, Residency,
Daulat Khana.
Claude Martin also entered the city during his reign and designed the
Constantia.
1798 A.D- Sa’adat ali khan succeeded Asaf-ud-Daula and built the
Dilkusha, Hayat Baksh Kothi and the famous Lal Baradri.
1837 A.D – Saadat Ali Khan’s son Moh. Ali Shah ascended the throne
and built the Chota Imambara
Now there was almost two cities.The old medieval heart centered around
the Chowk,The new city of palaces along the southern banks of the
river Gomti.
15
HISTORY
16
PHYSICAL FEATTURES
CLIMATE
Lucknow has a humid subtropical climate with cool, dry winters from mid-
November to February and dry, hot summers with sunshine from March to
mid-May.Half of the rainfall occurs from June to October when the city gets an
average rainfall of 896.2 millimetres from the southwest monsoon winds, and
occasionally frontal rainfall from the northeast monsoon will occur in
January.Summers are very hot with temperatures rising into the 40 °C (104
°F) to 45 °C (113 °F) range, the average highs being in the high of 30s
(degree Celsius).
TEMPERATURE
17
GEOGRAPHY-
The Gomti River, Lucknow's chief geographical feature, meanders

through the city and divides it into the Trans-Gomti and Cis-Gomti regions.
Situated in the middle of the Indus-Gangetic Plain, the city is surrounded by
rural towns and villages: the orchard town of Malihabad, Kakori,
Mohanlalganj,Gosainganj, Chinhat and Itaunja.
FLAURA AND FAUNA-
Lucknow has a total of only 5.66 percent of forest cover, which is much less
than the state average of around 7 percent. Shisham, Dhak, Mahuamm,
Babul, Neem, Peepal, Ashok, Khajur, Mango and Gular trees are all grown
here.
TOPOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS IN RELATION TO DRAINAGE -
Lucknow’s terrain is almost flat with a depression in north-eastern part. The

general slope of the area is from north and North-west to south and south-
east. The highest elevation is 123.5 m, above mean sea level and lowest
elevation is 110 m amsl in the east in flood plain of Gomti river. Gomti flows in
the heart of the city from north-west (Gaughat) to south east (Piprahghat). The
drainage of Gomti river is mainly through Haidar canal and Kukrail nala.
Kukrail nala meets the river near Piprahghat whereas the Haidar canal meets
it after Gomti barrage. The Gomti river continues to be the main source of
water supply to the city though a number of tube-wells have been bored to
exploit groundwater.
18
CONNECTIVITY-
ROADS -
Two major Indian National Highways have their intersection at
Lucknow's Hazratganj intersection: NH-24 to Delhi, NH-30 to Allahabad via
Raebareli, NH-27 to Porbandar via Jhansi andSilchar via Gorakhpur.
CITY BUSES-
Lucknow city's bus service is operated by Uttar Pradesh State
Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC), a public sector passenger
road transport corporation headquartered in Mahatma Gandhi road
RAILWAYS-
Lucknow is served by several railway stations in different parts of the city. The
main long-distance railway station is Lucknow Railway Station locatedat
Charbagh. It has an imposing structure built in 1923 and acts as the divisional
headquarters of the Northern Railway division
.
ARCHITECTURE
19
ARCHITECTURE
Lucknow's buildings show different styles of architecture with the many iconic
buildings built during the British and Mughal era. More than half of these
buildings lie in the old part of the city. The Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department
organized a "Heritage Walk" for tourists covering the popular monuments.
Among the extant architecture, there are religious buildings such as
Imambaras, mosques, and other Islamic shrines as well as secular
structures such as enclosed gardens, baradaris, and palace complexes.
The 60 feet tall Rumi Darwaza, built by Nawab Asaf-ud-daula

served as the entrance to the city of Lucknow. It is also known as
the Turkish Gateway, as it was erroneously thought to be identical
to the gateway at Constantinople.
Styles of architectures from various cultures can be seen in the historical

places of Lucknow. The University of Lucknow shows a huge inspiration
from the European style while Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture is
prominently present in the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha building and
Charbagh Railway station..
20
Another example of mixed architectural styles is La Martiniere College,

which shows a fusion of Indian and European ideas ,the ceilings of the
building are domed with no wooden beams used for construction.
Glimpses of Gothic architecture can also be seen in the college building
Even the new buildings are fashioned using characteristic
domes and pillars, and at night these illuminated monuments
become the city's main attractions
Lucknow's Asafi Imambara exhibits vaulted halls as its architectural

speciality.
The Bara Imambara, Chhota Imambara and Rumi Darwaza stand in
testamen to the city's Nawabi mixture of Mughlai and Turkish style of
architecture while La Martiniere college bears witness to the Indo-
European style.
Even the new buildings are fashioned using characteristic domes and
pillars, and at night these illuminated monuments become the city's main
attractions.
21
CULTURE
In common with other metropolitan cities across India, Lucknow is

multicultural and multilingual. Many of the cultural traits and customs
peculiar to Lucknow have become living legends today. The city's
contemporary culture is the result of the amalgamation of the Hindu and
Muslim rulers who ruled the city simultaneously. The residents of Lucknow call
themselves Lucknowites or Lakhnavi. It also represents the melting pot of
globalization where the legacy of Nawab's culture continues to be reflected in
the traditional vocabulary of the Hindi language of the city.
TRADITIONAL OUTFIT
Lucknow is known for its ghararas. It is a traditional women's outfit that
originated from the Nawabs of Awadh. It is a pair of loose trousers with pleats
below the knee worn with a kurta (shirt) and a dupatta (veil).Lucknow is known
for embroidery works including chikankari, zari, zardozi, kamdani and gota
making .
22
SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Lucknow and its socio-cultural system present an Islamic center in the hearts
of India especially after decline of Delhi Smrats. Despite the fact, Lucknow
social and cultural system has been a symbol of Ganga- Jamuni Tahjeeb of
social harmony. It was established in the time of Nawab Aasaf Uddaula and
continues till present.
Chikan is the symbol of local Lucknow ’s business. Chikan word means
kasheedakari. It is a kind of embroidery. North bank of Gomti River, Khadra is
known as birthplace of Chikan embroidery.Chikankari has been a favorite
hobby of the female of Awadh. Queen were also interested in it, they learn this
art from their servant (khadims) and taught their girls and daughter-in law.
While it was a hobby for upper class women on the one hand, on the other
lower class women adopted it for their livelihood.
Zardozi is also another important local industry of Lucknow. It is also a kind of
embroidery, working with fine wire of gold and silver on cloth.
Lucknow is also known for the handy craft printing cloth industry since last
three hundred years. Its golden period was in the time of Nawabs. Printing
cloth handicraft of Lucknow is called with various names like Kairi, Booti,
Bichchhu, Bijali, Phool, Cheenapatti, Bazara.
Lucknow is known for pottery products. Various kinds of pottery products
produce here, used for the room decoration, toys etc. Eastern side of
Lucknow, Chinahat is one of the important centers of pottery production
CUISINE
The Awadh region has its own distinct Nawabi-style cuisine. Since ages, the
Bawarchis (chefs) and Rakabdars (royal chefs) have developed great finesse
in cooking and presentation of food, under royal patronage
These Bawarchis added elaborately prepared dishes like kababs, kormas,
kaliya, nahari-kulchas, zarda, sheermal, roomali rotis and warqi parathas to
the traditional "Awadhi" dastarkhwaan . Makkhan-malai is another sweet
delicacy of Lucknow made and sold only during winters.
23
LAND USE PATTERN OF LUCKNOW
24
25
STUDY OF HAZRATGANJ , LUCKNOW
INTRODUCTION-
HAZRATGANJ is a prominent landmark in the city. It is a shopping area

with beautiful heritage buildings in the heart of the city. It was founded in
1810 .Sadat Ali Khan built the 2Km long street where Lucknow's first
bank, first fire station first ice factory and first dedicated English movie
theatre came up all during the Raj days.
Hazratganj is a very important notable street and central business zone
(CBZ) located centrally in the Lucknow. It marks the identity of Lucknow.
It is socially, culturally and economically important, it the major market for
food, clothing and IT sector. Hazratganj has various buildings which are
administratively very important. Various events are organised at this
place, promoting art, culture and tradition by the authorities. (GULATI,
2019)
26
LOCATION MAP OF HAZRATGANJ-
WHY CITY LUCKNOW?

The north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, one of the country’s largest and
most populous states, and has a significant share of the country’s nationally-
designated historic sites.
In direct contrast to Agra, is the city of Lucknow. There are several reasons
why Lucknow is an ideal case study for analyzing heritage management
systems. First, it is today an emerging metropolis, with an ever-increasing
population of over 2.9 million. This increase in population has left the historic
core vulnerable to slum development and encroachment. Second, Lucknow’s
urban landscape has seen significant physical changes in the past few
decades due to shifting political, social, cultural and economic trends . Many of
these changes include the addition of large, contemporary urban spaces such
as memorials, parks and monuments that are arenas for political claim-making
and enjoy significant administrative attention and funding.
27
WHY HAZRATGANJ
HAZRATGANJ ASA STUDY AREA DUE TO THE FOLLOWING REASONS-
28
GROWTH OF HAZRTAGANJ
HAZRATGANJ DURING NAWABI PERIOD-
HAZRATGANJ - LAYERS OF DEVELOPMENT
29
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTIC OF HAZRATAGANJ
30
FAMOUS LANDMARKS ON MAP
A B
C D
31
URBAN CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACE-
 Hazratganj crossing-
Hazratganj crossing is the busiest crossing of Lucknow city. It is situated
at 4 confluence of National Highway-24, National Highway-25, National
Highway-28 and National Highway24B.
 Schools and colleges-

Hazratganj area has old institutions such as St. Francis' College,
Seventh Day Adventist Senior Secondary School, La Martiniere College,,
Loreto Girls' College, Christ Church College, St. Joseph's Cathedral.
 Street Hierarchy-
The Road network plan shows the type of roads which are present. The
main ganj street is quite wide and is primary road.
 Circulation and Point of Congestion

Main areas of congestions are Hazrat Ganj node and Cathedral-Mayfair
Street Hierarchy
32
BUILT UP/ OPEN SPACES

From this Plan showing Built Up andd Open Spaces it can be clearly
derived that the buildings are closely built. The main street of ganj is
quite wide but the streets leading to the gali is quite narrow. No open
spaces can be identified.Only the main ganj street is wide but the
secondary and tertiary road are quite narrow leading to the point of
congestion.
HIERARCHY OF SPACES
CONNECTING SPACE INTERRACTION SPACE

SPACE
CULTURAL SPACE COMMERCIAL SPACE
OPEN SPACE
33
LAND USE PATTERN
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT
34
35
STUDY OF SETTLEMENT : NARAHI , HAZRTAGANJ
The Narhai settlement at Lucknow has been studied in particular for its
favorable socio-cultural interaction with the environment having the
objective of identifying spaces that may be adapted from the
contemporary housing at Lucknow.
Narhai settlement was a similar case situated very close to the main
Hazratganj area where a large group of Hindu families built their houses
in an incremental manner. Although the courtyard house form was
adapted from the previously developed cases in the city it was built more
geometrically, specifically to cater to the needs of the large group of
inhabitants.
36
Physical Attributes
Landscape features
Seating’s
Street lights
Pedestrian Friendly
ACCESSIBILTY AND APPROACH-
This Narahi is accessible by 5 major roads-located centrally.it gives

direct connectivity to the major area that are charbagh, aminabad,
kaiserbagh bus station, cantonment etc, that’s why its is one of the
most posch area and the main area of Hazratganj.
37
ACTIVITY MAP SHOWING THE MOVEMENT WITHIN THE

SETTLEMENT AREA FOR FUNCTIONS
38
CIRCULATION AND GREEN SPACES
39
HIERARCHY OF SPACES-
Street lights:
Street lighting is just an element but it increases the safety level of

Narahi and offers an welcoming environment (all day) to the people
visiting there.
40
Design considerations-
Thermal Comfort/ventilation:
As a response to climate factor, most spaces are internal with a small

courtyard using Stack ventilation strategy.using the sheer weight of an
exterior wall from natural stone as a sheild against the heat.Using the
mashrabiya for opening to allow natural ventilation and light into spaces.
MASHRABIYA IN HOUSES
CROSS VENTILATION
41
URBAN FABRIC SETTING
Skyline and heights: The building's elevations represent gradual skyline in

respond to the contextual skyline. The building's heights following the
regulations of the city and general theme of the context.
Building Heights variation of G+1 & G+2 are found in the area.
Building height plan
42
LANDMARK BUILDINGS OF THE AREA-
 IMAMBARA
 HAZRATGANJ MARKET
 RESIDENCY
 SHAH NAJAF ROAD
43
SITTING AND STREET ORIENTATION-
The siting constitutes of row houses with shared walls arranged along
streets with an almost centrally located large green park resulting in a
built to total area ratio of 1:1.7. The land form in this area is flat with more
open areas and presence of trees and vegetation in the dispersed park
type areas. The streets are positioned in the North-South direction with
maximum houses facing East or West .A hierarchical clustering with
existing social order is evident with the corner park facing houses being
larger having access from three sides while the comparatively smaller
units have been placed abutting the streets .
44
HOUSE FORM
PROTOTYPE UNIT 1-
These houses were built in a part fashion with the Ground floor having single
bay rooms grouped around a courtyard with kitchen and toilets. As the needs
arose, verandahs were added to the inside of the courtyard and staircase
leading to the upper floors was constructed. The rooms on the first floor were
added with or without verandahs and similarly the second floors were
constructed. Furthermore, it seems to be responsive to the existing climate
conditions of variable seasons along with the immediate site location and
surroundings.
45
PROTOTYPE UNIT 2-
Each rectangular dwelling unit consists of a small centrally placed

courtyard or aangan (width to height ratio 1:2.7) surrounded by single
bay of rooms having transition verandahs (varying ratios of 1:2 to 1:3) on
both sides. Accessed by chabutras (approximately 900 mm high) from
the street side, the dwelling units are constructed of locally available
bricks with lime surkhi plaster and flat slab roofs constituting terraces
finished with mud phuska waterproofing. Finished externally with lime
stucco plaster, the entire settlement has stucco patterns painted a bluish
lime matt texture. The roof form is flat with projecting terraces and
balconies whereas the facade is a unified whole consisting of pilasters,
jharokhas, balconies and windows complete with stucco ornamentation
typical of the regional architectural style.
46
Vernacular Architecture has been a source of inspiration and learning

all over the world.
India has a rich repository of vernacular evolved over centuries of living
corresponding to its existing diverse vibrant and myriad environments
providing a good evidence for unearthing these lessons. In the
contemporary context where most architectural practices are deficient in
their connection to tradition and socio-cultural bearings, looking back to
vernacular architecture is prudent and relevant.
Vernacular architecture is influenced by: Localized needs Local

construction material Local traditions.
Hence, varies from area to area. The differences between the types of
buildings in different area are result of differences in culture, rituals, ways
of life, social organization, climates, and materials and technology
available, while the similarities are the evidence not only of areas where
some or all of these factors have coincided, but also of some basic
constancies in man’s needs and desires.
Within this premise, the Narhai settlement at Lucknow: a culturally and

architecturally prolific city in Northern India has been taken as a suitable
case for an in depth analysis. The objective of this study is to identify
architectural spaces facilitating its interaction within the existing socio-
cultural environment. It also aspires to take lessons from the selected
spaces in influencing socio-cultural interactions giving rise to
recommendations useful for similar socio-cultural domains.
47
Principles of Vernacular Settlement-
The Narhai settlement was examined against these principles with

emphasis on the socio-cultural interaction of the residents both at micro
and macro scales. While sense of place was evident in its favorable
responses to existing composite climate and topography by way of
compact, mutually shaded clustering pattern and narrow shaded wind
facing streets .The row houses were oriented North South preventing
direct solar gains, whereas shared walls and organization of rooms with
central small courtyard flanked with wide verandahs were conducive to
natural ventilation and minimal heat gain and loss. The total built form
was narrow with tall facades and wide eaves keeping the solar radiation
at bay constructed with high thermal capacity materials of bricks and
lime surkhi mortar finished with stucco plaster that is a trademark
technique of this region.
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
BRICKS STUCCO PLASTER
TIMBER LIME SURKHI
48
FAMILY BACKGROUND OF AREA –
In recent years, however, housing density has increased . due to new

construction in· the area. The household size in Hazratganj is four, in all
the decades with slight variations. The household size can be considered
as an indicator of social development.
Because of the better location and high demand the houses in
Hazratganj fetch good rent. Located in the heart of the city, Hazratganj is
directly accessible to all of the employment, educational and recreational
opportunities, as well as to the variety of goods and services that the
central district of a metropolis can offer. As there is not much of
difference in the facilities available in Hazratganj, the rental value varies
depending upon the size and area of the residential units.
49
THE CHABUTRA-
The Plinth platform or chabutra acting as a significant transitional

element leading to the house from the street fulfils functional as well as
social purposes. While its average height from the street is 900mm its
width is 1200mm .The length varies but is mostly continuous in the street
facing side.
Elevation and Section of a typical Chabutra setting illustrating the activities on the street
THE JHAROKHA OR BALCONY-

The narrow streets also offer conducive interaction through the projected
balconies that serve as setting for socialization with neighbors. The narrow
streets also offer conducive interaction through the projected balconies that
serve as setting for socialization with neighbors.
Elevation and Section of the Balconies/ Jharokha illustrating the interconnectivity between
two units across the street
50
THE AANGAN-
The open to sky courtyard or aangan serves as an essential space for

socio-cultural interaction and activity in the generic house type. Having
single bay rooms around it, it works as shaft for improved ventilation in
livable spaces. Most of the family interaction takes place in the aangan
where women completing their chores spend time with other family
members and children.
View and Sectional Elevation of the Aangan illustrating the activities taking place in such
indoor open spaces
THE VERANDAH-
Verandahs have also formed significantly important elements in this house

type. These act as internal transitional spaces shading the peripheral rooms
from both the inside and outside. These are multi-functional spaces opening
onto the courtyard and streets depending on their location,While from the
outside they are an extension to the chabutra, on the inside they are the buffer
between rooms and the courtyard.
51
THE TERRACE-
The terrace provides for a pattern of activities above the street level
depending on the season, the time of day and occasion and is a great
medium for social interactions and bonhomie between next door
neighbors and even across the street. Large terraces are a luxury and
they should be planned on multi-levels even if in smaller sizes to facilitate
multi-functionality and formal and informal socio-cultural interaction .
52
53
CONCLUSION-
This study selected an existing vernacular settlement in the Narahi area

of Lucknow city in India for an in-depth analysis of the socio-cultural
interaction to the existing context. Subsequent to its examination of
response to climate, material and techniques, spontaneity, variation
control and open ended form relationship some specific spaces were
identified for scrutiny. Within the house form at Narhai the chabutra or
platform, Jharokha or balcony, aangan or courtyard and terrace or chatt
were selected for their role in improved socio-cultural interaction in the
settlement.
People are the main ingredients of the city and without public spaces it is
impossible to establish a physical and mental connection between public
and urban environment. Earlier, the Hazratganj were the places of giving
opportunity to interact, giving a platform to socialize. The chowks were
acting as a node giving access & movement parallely acting as a social
space, commercial space, cultural space etc.
The Hazratganj is rich with its cultural & historic references but With
increase in population, increase in infrastructure, increase in automobiles
and traffic congestions now a days has totally detoriated the quality of
public spaces & the ideologies of ancient hazratganj.
Pedestrianisation is a factor that must be indulged while designing a
chowk, it enhances the user activities, providing a welcoming
environment with a more vibrant approach.Landscape features should be
kept in mind, as they just not enhance the aesthetics of the place but
providing a pleasant environment. They provide opportunities to sit,
stand, talk etc. (KIDWAI, 2008)
54
55
56
SARVODAYA NAGAR
57
INTRODUCTION
Sarvodaya Nagar is an area in North Indian city of Lucknow consisting of both

residential and commercial settlements. It is a part of Mahona Nagar
Panchayat in Lucknow district.
Panoramic view of settlements in Sarvodaya Nagar form northern edge
GEOGRAPHY
Sarvodaya Nagar is located near the 26.8829°N 80.9712°E.
Bank of Gomti River that flows through north and western boundaries of
Sarvodaya Nagar. It has an average elevation of 122.6 metres (402 feet). It
was known as "ghosi purva"and today is also known for its drain called "
kukrail naala". It is home to both Hindus and Muslims and thus has several
mosques like badi masjid ;chhoti masjid;madina masjid; as well as temple of
Sai baba . It has several primary English and Hindi medium schools that help
the poor people . It has a cemetery as well.
RELIGIOUS INTEGRITY
Most of the peoples of Sarvodaya Nagar follow Hindu . Secondly Muslim
religion and show a good example of religious integrity. It is reflected by
presence of two mosques (Chhoti Masjid and Bari Masjid) and 5 temple and a
big graveyard for Muslims and one cremation place for Hindus in Sarvodaya
Nagar.
58
EDUCATION
Sarvodaya Nagar has Government School and a few convent schools.
Sarvodaya Nagar is well connected and one can access almost all the
prominent places like Indira Nagar, Aliganj, Gomti Nagar, Hazratganj,
Mahanagar easily.
CONNECTIVITY
Nearest railway station from Sarvodaya Nagar is Badshah Nagar, which
is situated on Lucknow - Barabanki railway line maintained by North-East
Railway. The transportation is mainly road based. It is connected with the
city through City Bus, auto rickshaw and rickshaw etc. Most of the
residents have their own conveyances.
59
T CORE INFRASTRUCTURE
 THE NEAREST RAILWAY STATION IS BADSHAH NAGAR WHICH

IS NEARLY 4KMS
 THE OTHER STATION IS CHARBAGH RAILWAY STATION WHICH IS

10KMSNEARLY 10KM
NEAREST RAILWAY STATION IS BADSHAH
DSHAH NAGAR WHICH IS

NEARLKMS
60
AIRPORT FROM SARVODAYA NAGAR

 THE DISTANCE OF AIRPORT (CHAUDHARY CHARAN SINGH
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ) FROM SARVODAYA NAGAR IS
NEARLY 21KMS.
61
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE-
HOSPITALS / HEALTHCARE
 THERE ARE MANY HOSPITALS IN SARVODAYA NAGAR ; LIKE
AVICENNA
 THERE ARE BOTH GOVT AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS
 THERE ARE MANY PRIVATE CLINICS AND TRAUMA CENTRES
ALSO
HOSPITALS
62
EDUCATIONAL-
 Sarvodaya nagar is full of educational institutions to accommodate

all kinds of people ; i.e. upper class people as well as lower class
and backward classes.
 There are both primary schools , secondary schools and higher
secondary schools.
 Some of them are Meridian school , Rani Laxmi Bai memorial
school , Techno Academy school and many more.
SCHOOLS
63
ENTERTAINMENT-
 Sarvodaya nagar is full of parks and playbackgrounds.

 There are a few large parks and many small parks in each block.
PARKS / PLAYGROUND
64
RELIGIOUS PLACES
TEMPLES / MOSQUES
65
FAMOUS LANDMARKS
66
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS-
WINDOW
ORIENTATION SHADES
WALL THICKNESS OPENINGS
ORIENTATION:
The orientation of the houses should be such that, penetration of the sun rays
maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Proper orientation also helps in
receiving natural light and ventilation.
WINDOW SHADES:
Window shades should cut off sun in the summer but allow the sun in the
under heated period. Further, the window section should enhance air velocity
while still acting as shade. This could be achieved either by introducing a
planter at the window sill or else by adding smaller shades at the glazing.
WALL THICKNESS:
Walls work as an insulator of heat so that they don't allow heat to attack
inside the building in summers and to spread outside from the inside in
winters. That is why thickness of walls are provided more than usual at some
places.
OPENINGS:
To reduce the humidity and for ventilation openings (i.e. doors, windows,
ventilators and corridors) are provided large in numbers.
67
Bibliography
AHMAD, L., 2019. ANALYSING TH VITALISATION OF HAZRATGANJ. [Online].
GULATI, R., 2019. ARCHITECTURAL SPACES, LUCKNOW: s.n.
KIDWAI, S., 2008. s.l.: s.n.
SANGHVI, N., 2017. [Online].
68
69

NTCC Report Final PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

NTCC Report Final PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NTCC Report Final PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SUMMER ARCHITECTURAL

I, Nabila Fatima , hereby declare that the report of Summer Architectural

Date: 9/ 5 /20 Bachelor of Architecture (II YEAR)

I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my Respected ma’am

ABOUT THE PROJECT

1. The course intends to introduce the study of context or immediate surroundings

2. The course it aimed at developing understanding about context for a building

3. The course aims at training the students in standard architectural techniques

FAMILY BACKGROUND OF AREA –......................................................................................................49

Context is simply an external element that influences the building and

The elements of context are physical and non-physical.

NON – PHYSICAL CONTEXT

IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT IN ARCHITECTURE-

Whenever a space is to be designed it is of utmost importance that it is been

There is a need to understand that a space demands to be catered to a

The Architecture Role in Contextual Designing -

On the way to reaching contextual designing in architecture, there are some

UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT IN ARCHITECTURE THROUGH RESEARCH

DESIGN CONSTRAINTS AND DESIGN AIDS

Design constraints: A design constraint refers to some limitation on the

Context is not an element of design, but various elements and principles of

LUCKNOW - A DISTRICT PROFILE

Lucknow, capital of the north-Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, is considered

The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 metres above sea

Latitude: 26.5 degrees to 27 degrees N

Longitude: 80.5 degrees to 80 degrees; 31 minutes E

Linked by Four National Highways: 24,25,28,56.

The Nawabs of Lucknow, in reality, the Nawabs of Awadh, acquired the

1732 A.D – Mohammad Shah appointed Mohammad Amir Saadat Khan,

1754 A.D – Shuja-ud-duala succeeded Safdarjung during whose reign

The Gomti River, Lucknow's chief geographical feature, meanders

FLAURA AND FAUNA-

TOPOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS IN RELATION TO DRAINAGE -

Lucknow’s terrain is almost flat with a depression in north-eastern part. The

The 60 feet tall Rumi Darwaza, built by Nawab Asaf-ud-daula

Styles of architectures from various cultures can be seen in the historical

Another example of mixed architectural styles is La Martiniere College,

Lucknow's Asafi Imambara exhibits vaulted halls as its architectural

In common with other metropolitan cities across India, Lucknow is

SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

LAND USE PATTERN OF LUCKNOW

STUDY OF HAZRATGANJ , LUCKNOW

HAZRATGANJ is a prominent landmark in the city. It is a shopping area

LOCATION MAP OF HAZRATGANJ-

WHY CITY LUCKNOW?

HAZRATGANJ DURING NAWABI PERIOD-

HAZRATGANJ - LAYERS OF DEVELOPMENT

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTIC OF HAZRATAGANJ

FAMOUS LANDMARKS ON MAP

URBAN CHARACTERISTICS OF PLACE-

 Schools and colleges-

 Circulation and Point of Congestion

BUILT UP/ OPEN SPACES

CONNECTING SPACE INTERRACTION SPACE

CULTURAL SPACE COMMERCIAL SPACE

LAND USE PATTERN

STUDY OF SETTLEMENT : NARAHI , HAZRTAGANJ