Updated Imo ESMF PDF

Public Disclosure Authorized
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA

SECOND RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP II)
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
IN IMO STATES, NIGERIA.

BY
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

FEDERAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (FPMU)
SECOND RURAL ACCESS & MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP 2)

NAIC HOUSE, PLOT 590, AO CENTRAL AREA, ABUJA.
NOVEMBER, 2016
Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), September, 2016
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for RAMP II States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Title Page i
Table of Contents ii
List of Tables iv
List of Figures iv
List of Boxes iv
List of Maps v
List of Plates v
List of Appendices v
List of Acronyms vi
Executive Summary ix
CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Project Background 1
1.1 Project Beneficiaries 1
1.2 The RAMP II Project 1
1.3 Purpose of the ESMF 2
CHAPTER TWO:POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAME WORK 3

2.0 Introduction 3
2.1 Institutional Arrangement for ESMF 3
2.2 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Guidelines 5
2.3 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 6
CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 9

3.0 Introduction 9
3.1 Project Components 9
3.2 Applicable Safeguard Policies 9
3.3 Road Selection in Imo State 10
3.4 Analysis of Institutional Capacity 13
CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTIONS OF BASELINE CONDITIONS OF STATES 14

4.0 Introduction 14
4.1 Project location 14
4.2 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions in the RAMP II States 14
CHAPTER FIVE: FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN (F-ESMP) 19
5.1 Environmental and Social Screening Process 19
5.2 The Screening Criteria 19
5.3 Screening Findings 20
5.4 Project-Level Environmental and Social Review 28
5.5 Method of Impact Assessment for the Sub-Projects 28
ii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
5.6 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Designs and Tender Documents 28

5.7 Roles and Responsibilities (in the PIU) for the implementation of the F-ESMP 31
CHAPTER SIX : PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 3 4

6.1 Mechanism of Consultation and Participation 34
6.2 Identifying Stakeholders 34
6.3 ESMF Update and Public Involvement 34
6.4 Commonalities and Differences in the States 37
6.5 ESMF Disclosures 37
CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES 38

7.0 Introduction 38
7.1 Approaches to Developing Mitigation Measures 38
7.2 Mitigation Measures 38
43
CHAPTER EIGHT : INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION 47

8.1 Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Building 47
8.2 ESMF Communication Plan 50
8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring 51
8.4 Environmental Code of Conduct, Social Integration and Participation 52
8.5 Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State 54
Bibliography
Appendices
iii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
LIST OF TABLES

Table E1: Table E1: Matrix for the ESMF Implementation x

Table E2: Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State xiii
Table 2.1: Environmental Laws in Nigeria 4
Table 3.1: Identified and Prioritized Rural Roads in Imo State 10
Table 3.2: RAMP I and Likely Triggered Potential Safeguard Policies 11
Table 4.1: Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of RAMP II States 15
Table 5.1: Result of Safeguards Screening of Identified Prioritized Roads 20
Table 5.2: Mitigation Implementation 29
Table 5.3: Roles and Responsibilities for Implementation 32
Table 6.1: Typical Information to be Disclosed 37
Table 7.1: Approaches to Mitigating Measures 38
Table 7.2: Summary of Envisaged Activities 39
Table 7.3: Mitigation Implementation 48
Table 8.1: Safeguard Responsibility 55
Table 8.2: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management 57
Table 8.3: Inclusion of Social Clauses & Mitigation Measures 60
Table 8.4: Estimated Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State 63
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1: Map of Nigeria showing the Geo-Political Zones and the RAMP II Participating States 14
Figure 5.1: Environmental Screening Process 19
LIST OF BOXES
Box 2.1: Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment 6
Box 2.2: Summary of EA Procedures (Nigeria vs WB) 6
Box 2.3: Integration of WB EA Requirements with Typical Nigerian Procedure 7
iv Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
LIST OF MAPS
Map 1a: Osun RAMP 2 LGA/Km 11
Map 1b: Osun RAMP 2 Roads 11
Map 2a: Niger RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12
Map 2b: Niger RAMP 2 Roads 12
Map 3a: Adamawa RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12
Map 3b: Adamawa RAMP 2 Roads 12
Map 4a: Imo RAMP 2 LGA/Km 12
Map 4b: Imo RAMP 2 Roads 12
Map 5a: Enugu RAMP 2 LGA/Km 13
Map 5b: Enugu RAMP 2 Roads 13
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 6.1: Stakeholders Meeting During ESMF for RAMP II, Owerri, Imo State 36
Plate 6.2: Some Stakeholders During the Meeting at Owerri, Imo State 36
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Summary Of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)
Appendix 2: Attendance Sheet for Stakeholders During ESMF for Imo RAMP 2
Appendix 3: Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix
Appendix 4: List of Stakeholders Consulted During the Updating of ESMF for Imo RAMP 2
Appendix 5: Environmental and Social Code of Conduct for Rural Access Infrastructure Development
v Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Development Agency)

AfDB African Development Bank
ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
BP Bank Procedures (of the World Bank)
BRT Bus Rapid Transit
CBOs Community Based Organizations
COx Oxides of Carbon
CDD Community Driven Development
CG Community Group
CH4 Methane
CPS Country Partnership Strategy
CSO Community Support Organizations
EA Environmental Assessment
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMU Environmental Monitoring Unit
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ER Environmental Review
ES Environmental Screening
ESAs Environmentally Sensitive Areas
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESM Environmental and Social Management
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
FGN Federal Government of Nigeria
FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment
FGN Federal Government of Nigeria
FMA&RD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
FPIM Federal Project Implementation Manual
GP Good Practice (GP)
FPMU Federal Project Management Unit
HIV/AIDS Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
IDA International Development Association
IEE Initial Environmental Evaluation
vi Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
ILO International Labour Organization

ISP Implementation Support Plan
LB Land Bureau
LGA Local Government Area
LVO Land Valuation Office
MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency
MEnv Ministry of Environment
MoH Ministry of Housing
MoT Ministry of Transportation
NATA Nigerian Agricultural Transformation Agenda
NEAP National Environmental Action Plan
NESREA National Environmental Standards Regulatory and Enforcement Agency
NGO Non- Governmental Organization
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
NPC National Planning Commission
OPRC Output and Performance-Based Road Contract
ORAF Operational Risk Assessment Framework
PAPs Project Affected Persons
PDO Project Development Objectives
PEMFAR Public Expenditures Management and Financial Accountability Review
PFMU Project Financial Management Unit
PPA Project Preparation Advance
PPP Public Private Partnership
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RAMP Rural Access and Mobility Project
OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank)
OM Operational Manual
OP Operational Policies (of the World Bank)
NPC National Planning Commission
OPRC Output and Performance-based Road Contract
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
PAP Project Affected Peoples
PAPs Project Affected Persons
PID Project Information Document
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PLWA People Living with AIDS
vii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
PMU Project Management Unit

PPUD Physical Planning and Urban Development
PWD Public Works Department
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RP Resettlement Plans
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
SA State Agency
SEPAs State Environmental Protection Agencies
STIs Sexually Transmitted Diseases
SIL Specific Investment Loan
SOx Oxides of Sulphur
SPIM State Project Implementation Manual
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
SPIU State Project Implementation Unit
ToR Terms of Reference
URTI Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
viii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES1: Background
The inclusion of Imo State in the Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP II) necessitated the
review of the previous Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) reports which were prepared and disclosed in May 2008 for
Osun and Enugu States and in May 2012 for Adamawa and Enugu States.
ES 2: Project Components and Objective

The project components include:
 Component 1 – Project Preparation Facility Advance,

 Component 2– Upgrading and Rehabilitation of Rural Transport Infrastructure,
 Component 3– Community-based road maintenance and annual mechanized maintenance
and
 Component 4 – State and Federal Institutional strengthening, program’s scaling up and
promotion of rural transport policies
The objective of this ESMF is to ensure that the implementation of the project will be carried out in
an environmentally and socially sustainable manner.
The ESMF therefore provides the environmental and social screening process benchmark required
to identify, assess and mitigate the potential environmental and social impacts of the rural
infrastructure investments.
E3: Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks

Having discussed the environmental legislation in the previous ESMF reports, other relevant
national laws and policies are summarized together with international policies and frameworks
including the World Bank operational policies.
E4: Environmental, Social Screening and Assessment

The screening process is the first step in operationalizing the Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF) process. The screening findings are presented in chapter five
while the summary of the envisaged activities together with the corresponding impacts and
mitigation measures are also provided in table 6.2.
ix Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
E5: Stakeholders Identification

For the purpose of this ESMF, stakeholders are defined as all people and institutions that have an
interest in the planning and execution of the project, potentially affected communities, traditional
rulers/ religious leaders, NGOs/CBOs, Local Government officials, State MDAs, local/social and
professional groups e.g., farmers, market women, road transport workers etc.
E6. Roles and Responsibilities for the implementation of the F-ESMP
The roles and responsibilities matrix for the implementation of the ESMF is presented in the table
below.
Xxxxx
Matrix Table E1: Matrix for the ESMF Implementation

No Steps/Activities Responsible Collaboration Service Provider
1. Identification and/or SPIU  Ministry of Local
Government
siting of the sub‐project Ministry of Works
Affairs
 LGA
 CDAs/CBOs
Screening, categorization Env. safeguards  ESS of the SPIUs FMEnv
and identification of the  FPMU
2. specialist (ESS) on the
required instrument  MEnv
PIU 
3. Approval of the SPIU Coordinator  ESS‐PIU  FMEnv

classification and the  SSS‐PIU  The World Bank
selected instrument  FPMU
4. Preparation of the safeguard document/instrument (ESIA, Env. Audit, simple ESMP, etc.) in
accordance with the national legislation/procedure (taking into account the Bank policies
requirements)
5. Preparation and approval  The World Bank
of the ToRs
Preparation of the report ESS‐PIU  FMEnv  Consultant
 MEnv  The World Bank
 Safeguards  FMEnv
Specialist
Selection of Consultant  FMEnv/MEnv  Safeguards Specialist
 Procurement  Procurement
Officer Specialist
Preparation of the report  Procurement  Safeguards
Specialist (PS- Consultants
SPIU)
 SSS-PIU
 LGAs
 FPMU
x Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
Report validation and  Procurement  FMEnv

issuance of the permit specialist (PS‐  The World Bank
(when required) PIU)  MEnvxxxx
 SSS‐PIU
 LGAs
 MEnv
Publication of document   Media ;
 SPIU  The World Bank
FPMU
(i) Integrating the  External/Civil
Supervisors
6. construction phase Civil  ESS‐PIU  MEnv
mitigation measures and engineering/technical  PS‐PIU
staff in charge of the sub-  Ministry of Lands,
E&S clauses in the  Design Survey, Housing and
project (TS-PIU)
bidding document prior Consultant Urban Planning

they’re advertised; (ii)
ensuring that the
constructor prepares his
ESMP (C‐ESMP), gets it
approved and integrates
the relevant measures in
the works breakdown
structure (WBS) or
execution plan.
Implementation of the ESS‐PIU  ESS-PIU  External/Civil
 PS-PIU Supervisors
7. other safeguards
 Design  MEnv
measures, including Consultants  Ministry of Lands,
environmental Survey, Housing and
monitoring (when Urban Planning
relevant) and
sensitization activities
Oversight of safeguards ESS-SPIU  SSS-SPIU  External Safeguards
 PS-SPIU Specialists
implementation
 TS-SPIU
8. (internal)  SPIU Accountant)  MEnv
 LGAs  NESREA
NGOs/CBOs
Public consultation on State Coordinator  M&E-PIU  FMEnv/NESREA
 ESS-PIU  MEnv/SEPAs
project safeguards
performance and disclosure  SSS-PIU  The World Bank
 NGOs/CBOs
External oversight of the PIU  M&E-PIU  FMEnv

project safeguards  ESS-PIU  NESREA
compliance  SSS-PIU  MEnv/SEPA
 PS-PIU  Safeguard Consultants
 External Civil
Supervisors
Reporting on project Coordinator  M&E‐PIU
 ESS‐PIU
xi Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
safeguards performance  SSS‐PIU
and disclosure
External oversight of the PEA M&E‐PIU
project safeguards  ESS‐PIU
compliance  SSS‐PIU
 PS‐PIU
 Supervisor
9. Building stakeholders ESS‐PIU SSS‐PIU  Consultants
 PS‐PIU  MEnv/SEPAs
capacity in safeguards
FMEnv/NESREA
management
Independent evaluation ESS‐PIU  SSS-PIU  PIU
 PS-PIU  MEnv/SEPAs
10. of safeguards
 NGOs/CBOs  Ministry of Lands,
performance (Audit) Survey, Housing and
Urban Planning
The World Bank

E76: Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State

The indicative budget for Imo State RAMP II is shown in the table below:
Table E2: Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State

Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State
S/No ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions Total Cost/Annum (N)
1. Capacity Building for PIU Training Programs held in-country 2,500,000.00
Personnel
2. Meetings, Workshops and Monthly estimated expenses of Based on actual expenses
Stakeholders Engagement 5000 each for 2 persons -per year
3. Environmental and Social No additional budget No additional budget
Screening of transactions
4. Engagement of Specialists Assume specialists may be To be worked out at the
engaged times to investigate issues commencement of
contract/engagement.
5. Field Visits to facility locations Field visits estimated for 2 PMU 3,400,000.00
personnel per year including
transportation, accommodation
and daily allowances.
6. Meetings, Workshops and No additional budget Based on actual expenses
Stakeholder Engagement
7. ESMP Scoping Workshops ESMP Scoping workshops per year As part of the ESMP
preparation
8. ESMP Reports Assume average cost of each ESMP 9,500,00.00
depending on the extent of the
road
9. Engagement of Environmental As part of the EMP
and Social Specialists preparation
xii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016

S/No ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Assumptions Total Cost/Annum (N)
10. Grievance Redress and Sundry expenses for transportation 1,200,000.00
beneficiary feedback and other logistics
management.
11. Monitoring Compliance with Assume quarterly monitoring 3,000,000.00
ESMP on E&S issues during pre- activities over 5 days each quarter
operations and operational per year
activities
Sub-Total 19,600,000.00
Contingency 10% of sub-total 1,960,000.00
Total 21,560,000.00
Twenty One Million, Five Hundred and Sixty Thousand Naira Only.
xiii Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access & Mobility Project (RAMP), October, 2016
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Project Background

The Second Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP – II) is a donor funded project co-
financed by the World Bank and French Development Agency to support the Federal
Government of Nigeria’s Rural Travel and Transport Policy (RTTP). The RAMP II project is
currently being implemented by participating States of Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun
States and Imo State (currently joining) while the whole RAMP II project is being
coordinated at the Federal level by the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) in the
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The FPMU is responsible for
coordinating the project activities.
However, towards ensuring environmental and social compliance, parts of the proceeds
have been applied for the preparation of this Environmental and Social Management
Framework for the RAMP II project.
1.1 Project Beneficiaries

The successful implementation of the first phase of the project in Kaduna and Cross River
States paved way for the expansion of the project under RAMP 2 to cover additional five (5)
states and additional seven (7) States will be prepared for an eventual future up-scaling of
the project. The five (5) States that were selected based on the Country Partnership Strategy
(CPS) State Governance criteria and the technical readiness criteria are: Adamawa, Enugu,
Niger, Osun and Imo.
Two-pronged state selection process was undertaken by the FPMU based on the three CPS
governance criteria (phase 1) and on a few project readiness criteria (phase 2): (i)
establishment of a State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU); (ii) Identification of
institutional arrangements and funding sources for road maintenance; (iii) preparation of a
Prioritized Rural Road Investment Program; and (iv) number of kilometers (km) of
prioritized roads with completed feasibility studies. A total of five (5) States (“tier-one”
states) were selected at the end of this second phase: Adamawa, Niger, Osun, Enugu and
Imo.
1.2 The RAMP II Project

The project components include the following:
 Component 1 – Project preparation facility advance
1
 Component 2 – Upgrading and rehabilitation of rural transport infrastructure

 Component 3 – Community-based road maintenance and annual mechanized
maintenance
 Component 4 – State and federal institutional strengthening, program’s up-scaling
and promotion of rural transport policies.
The project would not lead to any large scale acquisition of land or denial of access to usual
means of livelihood as well as disruption of environmental amenities. Also, the project does
not contemplate either altering the road layouts or major destruction of dwelling and/or
farms or collective private property.
It is worthy to note that the activities of Component 2 are likely to trigger four (4)
safeguards policies namely, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitats
(OP/BP 4.04), Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) and Involuntary Resettlement
(OP/BP 4.12). This is however based on the fact that the scoping of the project indicated
limited adverse environmental and social impacts and assigned an Environmental Screen
Category of “B” to Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01).
In fulfillment of the Bank’s requirement for project appraisal and due diligence, it is
imperative to update the existing Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) (as a result of the trigger of Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) for the Project
(RAMP II) to include one (1) additional state (Imo). Previous Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF) and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) reports have
been prepared and disclosed in May, 2008 for the Osun and Enugu states and updated in
May 2013 for Adamawa and Niger States. Thus, the earlier report have to be updated to
reflect the inclusion of the latest participating State (Imo) while the updated versions have
to be re-disclosed in the Infoshop.
1.3 Purpose of the ESMF

Within the context of the RAMP II, the Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) is a statement of the policy, principles, institutional arrangements and procedures
that the project management will follow in addressing environmental and social issues
associated with the project implementation.
Therefore, with the context of RAMP II, the ESMF spells out institutional arrangements and
capacity available to identify and mitigate potential environmental and social safeguards
issues and impacts that could be due to the project, generally. It does not attempt to address
impacts related to individual undertakings (in any specific form) as the locations and extent
of impacts or activities are not known at this preparatory stage.
2
CHAPTER TWO
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 Introduction
This chapter describes the existing environmental national and international policies,
legislations, conventions and procedures and those of the World Bank Group that are
applicable to the RAMP II project2.1 Institutional Arrangement for ESMF in Nigeria
The erstwhile Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), now absorbed into the
Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) was established by Act No. 58 of 1988 and
further amended by Act 59 of 1992. By this Act, the FMEnv is vested with the responsibility
of ensuring compliance to the prescribed limits as contained in the National Guidelines.
Thus, the FMEnv (apex regulatory body) together with the States ministries of environment
are responsible for environmental protection matters in Nigeria.
Aside the national milestone, the country (Nigeria) is equally a signatory to several
international Conventions, Treaties and Laws relating to environmental protection and
sustainable development. Some of these include the Bassel Convention, International
Convention on the Protection of Endangered Species, World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD) etc.
Also, several international development partners/agencies such as World Bank and other
international financial institutions interested in development projects have sets of
environmental categorizations, assessments and management standards, which must be
complied with by project proponents before these institutions invest in them.
The summary of the national and international statutory environmental laws are
presented in the below table.
3
Table 2.1: Environmental Laws in Nigeria

S/No. Regulations Year Provisions
1. The Imo State Environmental 2008 To ensure a “clean and green” Imo State including regulating the
Transformation Commission activities of refuse collectors and operation of an environmental
(ENTRACO) Law No. 3 sanitation and traffic court in each Local Government Area of Imo
State.
2. Environmental Impact Assessment Act 1992 The decree makes it mandatory for all proposed development
(Decree No. 86). activities to carry out an EIA study
3. Constitution of the Federal Republic of 1999 Stipulates “equal pay for equal work without discrimination on
Nigeria account of sex, or any other ground whatsoever”.
4. Oil in Water Act 1986 Makes rules on the need to protect water bodies from oil or
petroleum related activities.
5. Forestry Law CAP 55 1994 Prescribes the administrative framework for the management,
utilization and protection including acts that may lead to the
destruction of forestry resources in Nigeria.
6. Land Use Act 1978 Protects the rights of all Nigerians to use and enjoy land in Nigeria.
7. The Labour Act 1990 Governs the employment rights of individual workers in Nigeria. It
jurisdiction include, the protection of wages, contracts, recruitment
together with the terms and condition of employment. The Act also
covers the classification of workers and special worker types.
8. Workmen’s Compensation Act 1992 Provides for the payment of compensation of workmen for injuries
suffered in the course of their employment. Section 40 of the Act also
stipulates the condition to insure of employees against death or
injury (if so Minister so directs an employer).
9. Trade Union Amendment Act 1995 Governs the membership of the various labour unions.
10. National Environmental Protection 1991 Makes it mandatory for industrial facilities to install effluent
(Effluent Limitation) Regulations treatment plants and also prescribes parameters for effluents
limitation.
11. National Environmental Protection 1991 It defines the restrictions on the release of toxic substances and
(Pollution and Abatement in Industries stipulates requirements for monitoring of pollution. It also makes it
in Facilities Generating Waste) mandatory for existing industries and facilities to conduct periodic
Regulations environmental audits.
12. National Environmental Protection 1991 Regulates the collections, treatment and disposal of solid and
(Management of Solid and Hazardous hazardous wastes from municipal and industrial sources.
Wastes) Regulations.
13. Harmful Wastes (Special Criminal 1988 Provides the legal framework for the effective control of the disposal
Provisions etc) Decree No. 42 of toxic and hazardous waste into any environment within the
confines of Nigeria
14. National Guideline and Standard for 1991 The regulations provide guidelines for management of pollution
Environmental Pollution Control control measures.
15. Workmen Compensation Act 1987 Occupational health and safety
16. Urban and Regional Planning Decree 1992 Planned development of urban areas (to include and manage waste
No 88 sites)
17. Environmental Sanitation edicts, laws General environmental health and sanitation. Enforcing necessary
and enforcement agencies laws.
18. State waste management laws Ensure proper disposal and clearing of wastes
19. Public Health Law Covering public health matters
20 National Guidelines on Environmental 1999 Recognizes the value of EMS to EIA and sets out objectives and
Management Systems (EMS) guideline on general scope and content of an EMS
4
21. National Policy on the Environment 1989 The policy identifies key sectors requiring integration of
environmental concerns and sustainability with development and
presents their specific guidelines
22. National Guidelines and Standards for 1999 It deals with the quality of water to be discharged into the
Water Quality environment, sets standards and discharge measures for a wide
range of parameters in water discharged from various industries.
23. National Air Quality Standard Decree 1991 The World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards were
No. 59 adopted as the national standards. These standards define the
permissible air pollutants parameters in order to protect public
health.
24. National Environmental Standards and 2007 Established to ensure compliance with environmental standards,
Regulations Enforcement Agency guidelines and regulations.
(NESREA Act)
25. National Policy on Flood and Erosion 2006 Addresses the need to combat erosion in the country by utilizing the
Control procedures outlined in the national action plan for flood and erosion
control and technical guidelines.
26. National Oil Spill Detection and 2005 This statutory regulation makes adequate regulations on waste
Response Agency (NOSDRA Act) emanating from oil production and exploration and its potential
consequences to the environment.
27. Nigeria’s Cultural Policy Act 1996 The described the procedures for the protection and promotion of
national identity as well as Nigeria’s unity. It also ensures effective
communication and cooperation among the diverse socio-cultural
groups of Nigeria and Africa in general.
2.1 The World Bank Environmental and Social Guidelines

The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are
described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental
Assessment. This policy is considered to be the umbrella policy for the Bank's
environmental "safeguard policies" which are listed in Box 2.1.
Appendix 1 summarizes these WB Safeguard Policies + OP 4.00 Use of Country Systems &
OP 17.50 Disclosure Policy.
5
Box 2.1: Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment
2.2 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines

The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 of 1992 requires that development
projects be screened for their potential impact.
According to these guidelines,
 Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

 Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation
 Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the
environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an
Environmental Impact Statement.
6

Box 2.2: Summary of EA Procedures (Nigeria vs WB)
With regard to environmental assessment, the Bank has also categorized projects based on
the type of EA required, namely:
 Category A - projects are those whose impacts are sensitive, diverse, unprecedented,
felt beyond the immediate project environment and are potentially irreversible over
the long term. Such projects require full EA.
 Category B - projects involve site specific and immediate project environment
interactions, do not significantly affect human populations, do not significantly alter
natural systems and resources, do not consume much natural resources (e.g.,
ground water) and have adverse impacts that are not sensitive, diverse,
unprecedented and are mostly reversible. Category B projects will require partial
EA, and environmental and social action plans.
 Category C - Projects are mostly likely to have minimal or no adverse

environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a
Category C project, although some may require environmental and social action
plans.
 Category F1- A proposed project is classified as Category F1 if it involves

investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in road projects that
may result in adverse environmental impacts.
This World Bank categorization (A, B & C) corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA
requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the
level of impacts associated with a given project (Box 2.3). However, in the event of
7
divergence between the two, the World Bank safeguards policy shall take precedence over
Nigeria EA laws, guidelines and or standards.
For this ESMF, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures
were harmonized.

Box 2.3: Integration of WB EA Requirements with Typical Nigerian
It is especially made responsive with regard to the followings: early consideration of

environmental and social issues (starting at the screening stage); identification and early
consultation with stakeholders; prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of
feasible alternatives; and incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and
(engineering) design.
8
CHAPTER THREE
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.0 Introduction
The section presents a description of sub-project activities that triggers safeguards
instruments.
3.1 Project Components

The scope of civil works entails rehabilitation/construction of low volume existing rural
roads. The general work includes;
Site clearing;
Excavation activities;
Provision of sub-base;
Provision of earth side rains with turnouts/offshoots;
Provision of line side drains;
Construction of single and multiple 900m concrete pipe culvert extensions and new
culverts;
Provision of reinforced box culverts;
Reinforce concrete bridges on bored piles (where necessary);
Installation of road signs and road furniture.
3.2 Applicable Safeguard Policies

Table 3.1 indicates the four safeguard policies that are triggered by this project, namely:
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Natural Habitat (OP/BP 4.04), Physical Cultural
Resources (OP/BP 4.11) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12).
Attentions to these safeguard policies will:
 Ensure that environmental and social issues are evaluated in the decision making;
 Help reduce and manage the risks associated with the RAMP II Project; and
 Provide a mechanism for consultation and disclosure of information.
9
Table 3.1: RAMP II and Likely Triggered Safeguard Policies
Safeguard Policies Triggered by Applicability to Project due How Project Address Policy Requirements?
the Project? to
Yes No
Environmental Assessment [x] [] Road rehabilitation works  To mitigate this risk, specific procedures
(OP/BP 4.01) could trigger site-specific (such as chance find procedures) has been
impacts. Potential impacts included in the ESMF.
include noise by machineries  Site specific issues to be addressed with OP
and dust during construction 4.11 (Appendix 3 covers the provisions for
and rehabilitation works. Physical Cultural Resources as part of the
EA instrument ToR.
Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [X ] [] Some of the road/bridge To mitigate this risk:
rehabilitation activities will  The ESMP will ensure that impacts on
have impacts on natural natural habitats are mitigated by: (i)
habitats. The ESMPs will Identifying natural habitats in project sites
ensure that impacts on (ii) Preparing management measures for
natural habitats is be roads/bridges passing through natural
mitigated. habitats, such as monitoring and
minimizing access to natural habitats,
sensitization campaigns, etc..
Pest Management (OP 4.09) [] [x] NA NA
Physical Cultural Resources [x] [ ] The five (5) states have rich  To mitigate this risk, specific procedures
(OP/BP 4.11) cultural heritage resources (such as chance find procedures) has been
and some road works may be included in the ESMF
located in the area of  Site specific issues to be addressed with OP
influence of some sites. 4.11 (Appendix 3 covers the provisions for
Physical Cultural Resources as part of the
EA instrument ToR
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP [x] [ ] Interventions could lead to  A standalone RPF is being prepared
4.12) restriction of access to sources alongside this ESMF. This shall spell out
of livelihoods. There could be site specific issues to be addressed with
encroachment to farmlands ARAP/RAP.
Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [] [x] NA NA
Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [] [x] NA NA
Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [] [x] NA NA
Projects in Disputed Areas [] [x] NA NA
(OP/BP 7.60)*
Projects on International [] [x] NA NA
Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)
*NA= Not Applicable
3.3 Road Selection in Imo State for the RAMP II

Prioritization study that was conducted in order to prioritize intervention areas and rural
road network based on a combination of selection criteria including the population of the
communities living along the links, agricultural production, environmentally sensitive
areas, markets and community preferences with a total of eight (8) river crossings, twenty
seven (27) bridges and sixty (60) rural roads having a length of 401.1km and packaged in
five lots as presented in the table 3.2 below.

10
Table 3.2: Identified Prioritized Rural Roads in the Imo State and Agricultural Potential
Lots Cluster of Roads Km Main Agricultural Activities
1. Umuago-Ndiejezie, Ndiawa-Ikpaokorie, Umuagbadagbo-Umumi, 71.6 Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit,
Awala-Umuchima, Ama Edward-Ndiejezie, Umualoma-Umunze, rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.
Eke Ndiuche-Ndiadimoha.
2. Umunoha-Orodo, Ekeoha-Ogwa, Afor Obazu-Odu, Obibi Okwu- 71.5 Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit,
Ejemekwuru, Umuabale-Ugbaku, Umuabale-Okolochi, Ihiagwa- rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.
Umuokpo, Nduhuobokwe-Okwuemeka.
3. Mechanic Village-Amamadubuike, Umuchoke-Umuoma, 71.8 Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit,
Umuago-Ofeahi, Ikpaku-Ndiawa, Ike Umuduru, Umuobomu, rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.
Ekeachi-Aboh Umulolo, Ihube, Amano-Umuawasa, Umunachi-
Umuelemae, Aba branch-Umuokpara, Afor Ebu-Nzerem,
Orieikpa-Ikpem.
4. Owerri Nkwoji – Aba Road, Abaja- Amaigbo, Orlu Nkwere- 108.1 Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit,
Nkume, Orishieze-Imerienwe, Odoika-Amiri, Duruobiaku- rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.
Eziachi, Umuezike-Onitsha, Awugu-Mbutu, Umuobiagu-Obohia,
Umuchukwu-Ntu, Afor Eziama-Obokwe, Umuogbontu-Umuaku,
Council-Nguru Ntu, Eke Isu-Afor Enyiogwu, Airport Junction-
Egbelu, UmunekeObike-Amala Obike, Ekeisu-Egelu Ebube,
Umuowa-Obiangwu, Afor Enyiogugu.
5. Umariam-Okohia, Nduhum-Owugha, Egbegbere-Ekeumuhir, Cassava, yam, maize, palm oil, breadfruit,
Council Road-Umuhi, Eke Umuniha, Amainyinta-Afor Umuiyi, 78.1 rice, okro, cocoyam, poultry farming.
Ekeikpa-Umuawuchi, Afor Oru-Amaimo, Lude-Ekwereazu,
Obeama-Abia-Umunbiri, Nnarambia-Lude Ahiara, Ogbe-Ekeala.
The maps of RAMP II participating States are also presented below.
Map 1a: Osun RAMP 2 LGAs/Km Map 1b: Osum RAMP 2 Roads
11
Map 2b: Niger State RAMP 2 Roads

Map 2a: Niger State RAMP 2 LGAs/Km
Map 3a: Adamawa RAMP 2 LGAs/Km

Map 3b: Adamawa RAMP 2 Roads
Map 4b: Imo RAMP 2 Roads

Map 4a: Imo RAMP 2 LGAs/Km
12
Map 5a: Enugu RAMP 2 LGAs/Km Map 5b: Enugu RAMP 2 Roads
3.4 Analysis of Institutional Capacity

The interaction with these Officers (the safeguards specialists in Imo RAMP II shows that
there are knowledge gaps that could impede the implementation of the instruments.
Therefore, capacity building on environmental and social issues together with the World
Bank operational guidelines will be built in order to ensure effective institutional support
for the project. The capacity of the selected staff from the State Ministries/Environmental
Protection Agencies, LGAs, and other MDAs and CBO/NGOs will be strengthened
through training, capacity and awareness building on safeguards including legal
requirements and EA methodology.
13
CHAPTER FOUR
BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE
RAMP II STATES
4.0 Introduction
This chapter described the biological, physical and social characteristics of the participating
States namely, Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo.
4.1 Project Location

The five (5) project States (Adamawa, Enugu, Niger, Osun and Imo) fall within four
different geo-political zones namely: North-Eastern (Adamawa), South-Eastern (Enugu and
Imo), North-Western (Niger) and South-West (Osun) as shown in figure 4.1.
4
1
0
1
2
1
4
Sokoto N
Lake C had
Katsina
1
2
Zam fara Jigaw a Yobe Borno W E
Kebbi Kano
Kaduna Bauchi Gom be

1
0
Niger
Adam awa
Plateau
Kw ara FC T
Nassarawa
Oyo
8
Taraba
Ekiti
Osun Kogi Benue Ramp 2 sta tes.shp
Ogun Ondo South-w est.shp
Lagos Edo Enugu South-sou th.shp
Anam bra Ebonyi South-east.shp
6
Abia North-w est.sh p

Delta Imo Cross R iver North- ea st.shp
Akw a lbom North cen tral.shp
Rivers Nigeria_po litical.shp
Bayelsa
4
1
0
1
2
1
4
300 0 300 600 Kilometers
Figure 4.1: Map of Nigeria Showing the Geo-Political Zones and RAMP II Participating States
4.2 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of the RAMP II States

The abridged baseline environmental and social conditions of the RAMP II participating
States are presented in table 4.1.
14
Table 4.1: Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of the RAMP II States
Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States
S/No Parameter Baseline Environmental Conditions of the RAMP II States
Adamawa Enugu Niger Osun Imo
1 Location 9°20′N12°30′E 6°30′N7°30′E 8°20'N 3°30'E 7°30′N4°30′E 5029N 702’E
2 Capital City  Yola  Enugu  Minna  Osogbo  Owerri
3 LGAs  21  17  25  30  27
4 Geo-Political  North-Eastern  South-Eastern  North-Western  South-Western  South-Eastern
Zone
5 Border  Borno (North-  Abia and Imo  Kaduna (East),  Kwara (North),  Abia (East)
West), (South),  Plateau (South-  Ekiti and Ondo  River Niger and
 Gombe (West),  Ebonyi (East) East), (East) Delta State (West)
 Taraba (South-  Benue (North-  Sokoto (North)  Ogun (South)  Anambra (North)
West) East)  Kwara (East).  Oyo (West).  Rivers State
 Cameroon (East)  Kogi (North- (South).
West)
 Anambra (West).
6 Landmass  36,917 km2  7,161 km2  76,363 km2  9,251 km2  5,530km2
7 Nature of Soil  Mostly made up of  Made up of  Three major  Highly  Underlain by the
brown or shallow and soils types are ferruginous Benin formation of
brownish-red stony lithosols found in the tropical red soils coastal plain
laterite due to found on the State. associated with sands.
annual shift steep slopes of  These include- basement
between dry and the cuesta and ferruginous complex rocks.  Soil is deep,
wet conditions often left tropical soils,  Soils are porous, infertile
and soil wash on uncultivated.  hydromorphic generally deep and highly
the mountains.  Soil erosion, due soils and and of two types, leached.
to physical and ferrosols. namely, deep  In some areas like
man-made clayey soils Okigwe,
factors is formed on low impermeable
rampant. smooth hill crests layers of clay
 The major gullies and upper slopes; occur near the
are concentrated and the more surface, while in
on the edges of sandy hill wash other areas, the
the highly friable soils on the lower soil consists of
sandstones which slopes. lateritic material
yield easily to under a superficial
erosion and layer of fine-
induce gullying grained sand.
even on slopes as
low as 5°.  Soil erosion, both
 About 65 per cent from physical and
of the entire area manmade causes,
of Enugu State is is rampant in
affected by sheet several parts of the
erosion. state
8 Average 11°C - 33°C Mean monthly  Mean maximum  The mean annual  Relative humidity
Temperature temperature 33°C. temperature temperature is 75%
Hottest period - remains high 21.10C -31.10C.  Hottest months
February to April throughout the (January – March).
year about 32°F
(March – June).
 Dry season
commences in
October.
15

9 Mean Rainfall  Wet season (April –  The annual rain  The annual  Highest rainfall  Wet season (April –
October) fall ranges rainfall varies (August – October)
 Dry season between 152 - from about September).  Dry season
(November - 203cm. 1,600mm (south)  Dry season (November to
March).  Wet season (May - to 1,200mm (November – March).
 Average rainfall is October). (north). April). Annual  Average annual
759mm (northern rainfall 800mm - rainfall (1,500mm -
parts) and 1,051mm 1,500mm. 2,200mm).
in the southern
parts.
10 Geology/  Picturesque  Contains about  Covered by two  Underlain by  Underlain by the
Terrain: mountains, and nine geological major rock metamorphic Benin Formation
land traversed by formations. formations viz; rocks of the of coastal plain.
big River valleys of  Occupies sedimentary and basement
Benue, Gongola highlands such as basement complex, which  This formation is
and Yedsarem. Awgu, Udi and complex rocks. outcrop over of late tertiary age.
 The valleys of Nsukka.  To the north is many parts. Rivers are few
Cameroon,  The hills are the basement  Rocks of the with vast inter
Mandara and flanked by the complex, basement complex fluves which are
Adamawa rolling lowlands characterised by found here are characterized by
mountains form of Oji River, granitic outcrops schists, associated dry valleys that
part of this Adada and or inselbergs. with quartzite carry surface
undulating Anambra Basins to  Such inselbergs ridges of the type drainage in
landscape. the west, and the dominate the found in llesa. periods of high
Ebonyi (Aboine) landscape in Rati, rainfall.
River Basin to the Shiroro, Minna,
east. Mariga and
Gurara.
11 Vegetation  There are two  The vegetation are  Vegetation are  Covered by  Vegetation of the
types notable vegetation both rainforest, rainforest and secondary forest.
zones viz; Sub- typical grass and Guinea Savannah  Derived Savannah tropical rain
Sudan zone and the swamp forest.  Has one of the mosaic forest.
Northern Guinea  Rainforest largest and most predominates in
Savannah zone. vegetation is found fertile the north..  Economic trees
 The Sub-Sudan on the highlands of agricultural lands Originally, like the iroko,
zone is marked by Awgu and in the country. virtually all parts
short grasses and stretching through Only 1, about 10 of the state had a mahogany,
short trees, its rocky per cent of the natural lowland obeche, gmelina,
commonly found in promontories to state's arable land tropical rain forest bamboo, rubber
the Northern parts link with the being cultivated. vegetation.
of the State. undulating hills of  Disappearance of  Vegetation has and oil palm pre
 To the South, the Udi. traces of since given way to dominate.
vegetation is thick  Typical grassy rainforest occur secondary forest
with tall grasses vegetation is found in the Niger re-growths due to
and trees. around Nnsuka. trough and flood lumbering fuel-
Fresh water swamp plain due to wood, cultivation
forests occur in the lumbering of cocoa, oil palm
Niger-Anambra activities. cultivation and
Basin. farming, mining
(clay, sand).
 Mature forests still
exist in the Owu
forest reserve
(southern part of
the State).
16

 Part of this high
forest has recently
been cleared to
make way for
forest plantations
of tectona grandis
and gmelina
arborea.
12 Main Native  Hausa, Fulfude  Igbo  Hausa  Yoruba  Igbo
language
13 Main Ethnic  Hausa, Fulfude  Igbo  Nupes, Gbahiyu  Oyos, lfes, ljesas  Igbo
Groups and Hausa. and lgbominas.
14 Population  3,178,950  3,267,837  3,954,772  3,416,959  3,934,899
(2006 national Male=1,607,270 Male=1,596,042 Male=2,004,350 Male=1,734,149  Male=2,032,286
census) Female=1,571,680  Female=1,671,795  Female=1,950,422 Female=1,682,810  Female=1,912,613
15 Population  68/km2  268/km2  52/km2  240/km2  710/km2
Density
16 Per capita  $1,417  $1,802  $1,480  $2,076  $3,527
17 GDP (PPP$b)  4.6  4.4  6.0  7.3  14.21
18 Main Stay of  Farming  Farming  Farming  Farming  Farming
the People  Cash crops are;  Cash crops are;  Cash crops are;  Cash crops; cocoa,  Cash crops
cotton and palm produce and sugar cane, cola nut, oil palm include, oil palm,
groundnuts. cashew. Cassava, etc. raffia palm, rice,
 Food crops include  Food crops are; Sorghum/guinea  Food crops; groundnut,
maize, yam, rice, cassava, corn, ground nut cassava, yam, rubber, cocoa.
cassava, millet maize, yams, etc. Food crops; cocoyam, plantain,  Food crops
guinea corn and banana and a millet, Shea-nut, melon, fruits and includes, cassava,
rice. variety of fruits etc. vegetables etc. maize, yam etc.
and vegetables.  Rice(low land),  The operation of
Rice(up land), over 163 oil wells
Melon. at over 12 different
locations makes
the state part of an
oil producing.
19 Settlement  Sparsely populated.  Rural settlements  Majority of the  Population is  Settlement is
Patterns and  Large parcel of land are dispersed over people of the State concentrated in a dispersed
Size are devoted almost much of the reside in rural number of urban particularly in the
Distribution entirely to the use of farmlands. areas (about 90 per centres. rural areas.
of Settlements cattle herders.  There are vast cent).  Urban centres are;  Major towns
unoccupied areas Osogbo, llesha, lle- include, Owerri,
set aside as Ife, ljebu-Jesa, Okigwe, Orlu,
farmlands and Ejigbo, Modakeke, Mbaise, Isu etc.
somewhat. lfetedo, Ede, lkirun,
Ipetu-ljesa, lla and
Ode Omu.
 These urban centres
are concentrated in
the upper half of
the state.
 Smaller towns and
villages are
concentrated in the
lower half.
 There are farm
17

camps between and
surrounding the
major urban centres
of lle-Ife, llesa, lla
and Ipetu-Ijesa.
20 Cultural/ Koma Hills  Cultural features  Home to the three  Orisa (the  New yam festival
Unique Manadara Mountains common to all national hydro- traditional deities Masquerades
Resources Lamurde Hot Spring parts of the state. electric power of the Yoruba festival
(World Heritage Site).  Family is the basic stations. people).  Orashi River with
Maddibbo Adams social unit, the  Rich tourism  Osun -Osogbo its source in Imo
Tomb Monument belief system and facilities, such as Grove, (World State. Njaba
Three Sister Rocks the system of the Gurara Falls, Heritage Site).  Oguta Lake
Kiri Dams political Kainji Lake  Oramiyan Staff.  Utu river
organization. National Park,  Ooni of Ife Palace  Awbana river and
 Important Borgu Game  Olojo festival (Ile Otamiri rivers.
traditional Reserve etc Ife),
festivals are  Kainji Lake  Iwude festival
observed every National Park at (Ijeshas).
year, viz; the New Bussa.
Masquerade and  Ladi Kwali Pottery
the New Yam Centre at Suleja.
festivals.
18
CHAPTER FIVE
FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
(F-ESMP)
5.0 Introduction
The chapter describes the framework for the Environmental and Social Management Plan
(F-ESMP).
5.1 Environmental and Social Screening Process
The objective of screening is for the identification of those sub-projects activities that have
minimal/no environmental or social concerns.
5.2 The Screening Criteria
The screening exercise will be carried out prior to the initiation of the project preparation
activities. The screening exercise will serve as a tool for the identification of the severity of
impacts of both the environmental and social issues thereby integrating the corresponding
mitigation measures into the project preparation. The project’s impacts will be screened
using a modified Leopold matrix (Leopold, 1971) as presented in Appendix 3.
The diagrammatic representation of steps in environmental and social screening processes
is presented in figure 5.1.
Development Plan
Road Project
If impacts are of category A, project

Review/Screen Reject the Proposal
should be rejected, if category B, it
should be screened.
Does the sub-project Are EA guidelines

requires full fledge integrated in the contracts
Strengthen EA
Adverse, irreversible, severe Environmental statement
Insignificant Impacts
EA with Clearance from the

FMEnv and World Bank Strengthen EA
Has the EA been prepared
Figure 5.1: Environmental Screening Process Provide EA
5.3 Screening Findings

The screening findings reveals that the environmental and social impacts of the sub-project
activities would require corresponding mitigation and enhancement measures at various
19
stages of the project viz, pre-construction, construction and operation phase. However, the
result of the environmental and social screening exercise for the prioritized 401.1km rural
roads in Imo State is presented below.
Table 5.1: Result of Safeguards Screening of Rural Roads in Imo State

S/n Road LGA Adverse Adverse Social Mitigation Picture Reference
Environment Impact Measures (see plate below)
al Impact
1. Umuago – Ndiuche – Ideato North Patches of Reduced vehicular Road grading and
Ekendiuche – Ndiawa – mud on the access. landscaping,
Uzi – Ndizogu – road, water mulching, good
Umualaoma – run-off drainage, construct
Ndiejezie. (drainage) not retaining walls,
defined. culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
2. Ndiawa boundary– Ideato Vegetation in Reduced vehicular Road grading and
Agbobu–Okigwe – North/Okig RoW. access. landscaping,
Ikpaokorie we mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls and
embankments,
terracing.
3. Umuagbadagbo/Umue Ideato South Vegetation in Reduced vehicular Road grading and
nkwunkwa – Umeshi – RoW, slope access. landscaping;
Umuna – Umumi instability. Mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls and
embankments,
terracing, replace
bridge rails.
4. Awala – Isiekenesi – Ideato South Tarred road in Increase in road Specifications for
Umuchima. Awala, rill side hazards and contractors’
erosion. accidents. responsibilities to
cover such issues as
erosion control.
5. Ama Edward – Ideato North Erosion Increase in road Road grading and
Ikpankwu – Umualoma side hazards and landscaping,
Ndiejezie. accidents. Mulching, good
drainage,
construct retaining
walls and
embankments,
terracing.
6. Umualoma – Ikpaocha – Ideato North Erosion Reduced vehicular Road grading and
Umuchu – Umunze. access. landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls and
embankments,
terracing.
20
7. Eke Ndiuche – Ideato North Damaged Increase in road Replace damaged

Umucheke – Umuobom bridge rails side hazards and bridge rails, road
- Ndiadimoha. accidents grading and
landscaping,
Mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls and
embankments,
terracing.
8. Umnoha-Orodo Road Mbaitoli Erosion and Reduced vehicular Road grading and
water logging access. landscaping;
mulching; good
drainage,
construct retaining
walls and culverts,
terracing.
9. Ekeoha-Oboro- Mbaitoli Gully Erosion, Reduced vehicular Replace damaged
Amaogwu Ogwa Road poor drainage, access; Bridge bridge rails, road
bridge and pose risk to loss of grading and
road cut. life. landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage,
construct retaining
walls, culvert, bridge
and embankments,
terracing.
10. Afor-Obazu-Orlu Road Mbaitoli Large puddles Reduced Road grading and
of water on movement that landscaping,
ROW affects trade. mulching, improved
drainage and culverts,
terracing.
11. Obibi Okwuo-Ogbaku- Mbaitoli Vegetation in Reduced Road grading and

Ejemekwuru Road RoW movement and landscaping,
trade. mulching, good
construct retaining
walls and
Embankments,
terracing.
12. Umuabale – Amaulu- Mbaitoli Erosion; Reduced vehicular Road grading and
Ubomiri – Ogbaku Vegetation in access. landscaping,
Road RoW Mulching, good
terracing.
13. Umundubia-Ejimole Owerre West Muddy road Reduced access Road grading and
Okolochi during raining landscaping,
season. mulching, good
drainage, terracing.
21
14. Ihiagwu-Eziobodo- Owerre West Large puddles Use of alternative Road grading and
Umuokpo Road of water on route, high cost of landscaping,
ROW transportation. Mulching, improved
drainage,
construct retaining
walls and culverts,
terracing.
15. Mechanic Village – Okigwe Damaged Increased cost of Replace damaged
Umuoleche – Umuele – covert/bridge, transportation and bridge rails, road
Ndindubuisi – vegetation on road side grading and
Amamadubuike. right of way. accidents/ landscaping,
hazards. mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
16. Umuchoke – Alaike – Onuimo Patches of Increased cost of Replace damaged
Umuoma Junction vegetation in transportation and bridge rails, road
RoW, road cut road side grading and
off; damaged accidents/ landscaping,
bridge/covert. hazards. mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
17. Umuago – Ofeahia Onuimo Marshy lands Risk to vehicular Road grading and
in some parts. movement landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage, construct
culvert, terracing.
18. Ikpaku –Ikpenyi – Onuimo/Idea Bridges Risk to vehicular/ Replace damaged

Ndianiche – to North without cross pedestrian bridge rails, road
Ndiayamike Ndiawa bars, pot holes movement grading and
Boundary Road on road. landscaping,
mulching.
19. Ike Umuduru – Onuimo/Idea Erosion Risk to vehicular/ Road grading and
Ndiamazu – Ndiawa to North pedestrian access. landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage, construct
culvert, terracing.
20. Ike Umuduru – Onuimo Flooded River No vehicular Road grading and
Umuobomu to the RoW. movement, risk to landscaping,
vehicular/ mulching, good
pedestrian access. drainage, construct
retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
21. Ekeachi – Umuogosi – Okigwe Rill erosion Increased cost of Road grading and
Ikpaeze – Aboh transportation and landscaping,
Umulolo road side. mulching, good
drainage, construct
culvert, terracing.
22
22. Ihube Boys High School Okigwe Water logging, No vehicular/ Road grading and
– Prison marshy lands, pedestrian access. landscaping,
erosion, mulching, good
vegetation in drainage, construct
RoW. retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
23. Amano - Umuawasa Okigwe Rill erosion. Loss/ Effective drainage
disruption of system, mapping out
roadside road from communal
community area, road grading and
business and landscaping,
social activities. Mulching, construct
culvert, terracing.
24. Umunachi – Isiala Mbano Erosion. Increased cost of Road grading and
Umuelemae transportation and landscaping,
road side mulching, good
accidents/ drainage, construct
hazards. culvert, retaining wall
and embankments,
terracing.
25. Aba branch - Ehime Mbano Erosion, Increased cost of Replace damaged
Umuezeala - Ama -Afor vegetation in transportation and bridge rails, road
- Ebu – Alaike - RoW, road side grading and
Umuchima – damaged accidents/ landscaping,
Umuokpara. bridge rails. hazards. mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls, covert,
bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
26. Afor Ebu – Nzerem Ehime Mbano Erosion Increased cost of Road grading and
transportation and landscaping,
hazards. culvert, retaining wall
and embankments,
terracing.
27. Orieikpa Agbajah – Ehime Mbano Marshy lands Increased cost of Road grading and
Ekeolu – Umuakabia in some parts transportation and landscaping,
Ikpem road side mulching, good
hazards. culvert, terracing.
28. Owerri Nkworji – Aba Nkwerre Poor drainage Loss/disruption Effective drainage
Road of roadside system, mapping out
community road from communal
business and area.
social activities.
23
29. Abaja – Umundurumba Nwangele Erosion and Increased cost of Patch areas of road
– Amaigbo pot holes on transportation and with potholes, road
tarred road. road side grading and
accidents/hazards landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage, construct
culvert, terracing.
30. Orlu Nkwere Express – Nkwerre Water puddles Increased cost of Road grading and
Amokpara – Eziama on RoW transportation and landscaping,
Obaire – Nkume drainages on road side mulching, good
Express Road some parts. accidents/hazards drainage, construct
culvert, terracing.
31. Orishieze Umukota – Owerri North Erosion and Increased cost of Patch areas of road
Ulakwo – Imerienwe pot holes on transportation and with potholes, road
tarred road. road side grading and
accidents/hazards landscaping;
mulching, good
drainage; construct
culvert, terracing .
32. Odoika – Dr. Duru – Oru West Water puddles Increased cost of Road grading and
Afor Ubahazu Amiri and vegetation transportation and landscaping,
on RoW road side mulching, good
accidents/hazards drainage, construct
culvert and terracing.
33. Duruobiaku – Amucha Njaba Poor drainage Loss/disruption Effective drainage

– Eziachi of roadside system, mapping out
business and area.
social activities.
34. Umuezike – Oru West Poor drainage Loss/disruption Effective drainage

Awomamma – Onitsha of roadside system, mapping out
business and area.
social activities.
35. Awugu-St. Patrics Ngor/ Poor drainage Loss/disruption Effective drainage

Catholic Church-Obizi Okpala of roadside system, mapping out
Umukeada Road (with community road from communal
spur to Chokoneze business and area.
Mbutu). social activities.
36. Umuohiagu – Ngali – Ngor/ Water puddles Increased cost of Road grading and
Logora – Obohia Okpala and Vegetation transportation and landscaping,
on ROW. road side mulching, good
hazards. culvert, terracing.
24
37. Umuchuchu – Ahiazu Erosion and Increased cost of Road grading and
Umuneke – Ovuru Ntu vegetation on transportation and landscaping,
RoW road side mulching, good
. culvert and terracing.
38. Afor Eziama – Ngor/ Poor drainage Loss/disruption Effective drainage

Umukoro – Amalanttu Okpala of roadside system, mapping out
– Obokwe community road from communal
business and area
social activities.
39. Umuogbontu – Umaku Ngor/ Vegetation in Decreased Road grading and

Ntu Okpala RoW vehicular access landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage, construct
culvert, terracing.
40. Council Road-Nguru Ngor/ Vegetation in Decreased Road grading and

Ntu Okpala RoW vehicular access. landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage, construct
41. Eke isu –Umuilalu – Ngor/ Erosion Increased cost of Road grading and
Umuoye – Afor Aboh Mbaise transportation and landscaping,
Enyiogwu road side mulching, good
42. Airport junction-Eke Isu Ngor/ Tarred, side Increased cost of Sidewalks to be
Obiangwu-Egbelu Okpala walkway transportation and rehabilitated and
wearing away road side drainage provided.
accidents/hazards
43. Umuneke Obike – Ngor/ Erosion Increased cost of Road grading and
Amala Obike Okpala transportation and landscaping,
44. Ekeisu – Umunhi – Ngor/ Poor drainage Loss/disruption Effective drainage

Umuochoko – Egelu Okpala Water puddles of roadside system, mapping out
Ebube on RoW community road from communal
business and area, road grading and
social activities. landscaping;
mulching; construct
25
45. Umuowa – Umunehi – Ngor/ Vegetation in Decreased Road grading and

Obiangwu Okpala RoW vehicular access. landscaping,
mulching, good
drainage; construct
culvert; terracing.
46. Umariam Express – Obowo Erosion, Increased cost of Replace damaged
Umunanu Express- Bridge is too transportation and bridge rails, road
Umusochei – Okohia low and road side grading and
damaged rails. accidents/ landscaping,
hazards. mulching, good
drainage, construct
retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
47. Nduhum-Amuzi Alike- Obowo Rill erosion. Loss/disruption Road grading and
Umusode-Owugha of roadside landscaping,
community mulching, good
business and drainage, construct
social activities. retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
48. Egbegbere-Odukume- Obowo Gully erosion, Increased cost of Road grading and
Umukoro-Umutume slope transportation and landscaping,
(with spur to instability. road side mulching, good
Ekeumuhiri) accidents/ drainage, construct
hazards. retaining walls and
culvert, terracing.
49. Council Road – Stadium Ihitte/Uboma Rill erosion Increased cost of Road grading and
– Amakohia – Umukoro transportation and landscaping,
– Umuhi (with Spur road side mulching, good
from Amakohia to accidents/ drainage, construct
Umederim – Council hazards. retaining walls and
Road). culvert, terracing.
50. Eke Umuawuchi – Ihitte/Uboma Rill Erosion Increased cost of Road Grading and
Umunumu – Umuniha Swampy transportation and Landscaping;
Vegetation in road side Mulching; Good
RoW. accidents/hazards drainage; Construct
Retaining walls and
culvert; terracing.
51. Amainyinta Ekeikpa Ihitte/ Rill erosion, Increased cost of Road grading and
Umuiyi – Afor Umuiyi Uboma slope transportation and landscaping,
instability, road side mulching, good
road accidents/ drainage, construct
undercutting. hazards. retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
26
52. Umuawuchi- Abueke- Ihitte/Uboma Cracks on Increased cost of Rehabilitate bridge,

Ekeikpa bridge. transportation and road grading and
road side landscaping,
accidents/ Mulching, good
hazards. drainage, construct
retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
53. Afor Oru – Obohia – Ahiazu Road cut-off Increased cost of Road grading and
Ugiri ike Ikeduru – by gully transportation and landscaping mulching,
Amaimo erosion- 450m road side good drainage,
length. accidents/ construct retaining
hazards. walls, covert, bridge
and embankments,
terracing.
54. Obeama – Amaumara – Ahiazu Road cut-off Increased cost of Road grading and
Abia boundary River towards Imo transportation and landscaping,
river due to road side mulching, good
erosion. accidents/ drainage, construct
hazards. retaining walls,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
55. Ekwereazu Round- Ahiazu Erosion in Increased cost of Road grading and
about Amuzi – Amainu some parts. transportation and landscaping,
Obohia – Umunbiri road side mulching, good
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
56. Nnarambia Ahiara – Ahiazu Erosion in Increased cost of Road grading and
Lude Obodo Ahiara some parts. transportation and landscaping,
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
57. Ogbe-Ekeala Ahiazu Marshy lands Increased cost of Road grading and
vegetation in transportation and landscaping,
RoW. road side mulching, good
culvert, bridge and
embankments,
terracing.
Source: Environmental and Social Screening of Prioritized 400km of Rural Roads to be Constructed/Rehabilitated
under RAMP 2 in Imo State, October, 2016.
5.4 Project-Level Environmental and Social Review

At the stage of detailed project preparation, Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) shall be used to evaluate the project’s potential environmental risks and impacts in
its area of influence and also identify ways of improving project planning, design and
implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse
27
environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts, including throughout the project
implementation. The World Bank favours preventive measures over mitigation or
compensatory measures, whenever feasible.
5.5 Method of Impact Assessment for the ESMF

All the environmental and social issues that are common to rural road sector activities have
been identified through consultation with the stakeholders these are; noise and air (dust-
SPM) pollution, increase road accidents, resettlement and compensation of PAPs, possible
contamination of water bodies, channelization of drains, disposal of construction wastes,
disobedience to culture and tradition, child abuse including vulnerable groups, challenges
of increased Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS, Sexual and
gender-based violence, child labour and increased crime amongst others.
5.6 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Design and Tender Documents

Use mitigation measures developed herewith and integrate into the project design and
tender documents. By using this approach, the mitigation measures will automatically
become part of the project construction and operation phase.
Project Design
The mitigation measure integration in the design phase will help in strengthening the
benefits and sustainability of the project.
Project Contract
The project contractor should be bound by the parameters identified in the environmental
and social assessment pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract. The final
acceptance of the completed works should not occur until the environmental clauses have
been satisfactorily implemented.
28
Bill of Quantities
The tender instruction should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures,
materials to be used, labor camp arrangements and waste disposal areas, as well other site
specific environmental requirements.
Supervision and Monitoring

The purpose of supervision is to ensure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the
environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily
implemented. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in the
table below.
29
Table 5.2: Mitigation Implémentation
S/no Mitigation Activity Implementation Responsibility Party

Project Design Contract Bill of Quantity Monitoring*
1. Slope stability  Specify bio-  Contractor shall  Identify stabilization  Adequacy, quality
engineering and comply with area. of vegetation.
relevant techniques. clauses pertaining  Provide list of  Survival rate of
to mitigation in vegetation to be plants.
the contract. planted.
2. Spoil disposal  Identify mass balance  Do  Quantify disposal  Presence of
techniques. and extraction scouring, erosion,
 Safe tipping areas volume. damage to property,
identified and water supply
enforced. disruption.
 Design spoils traps.  Complaints from
local people
3. Water management  Design safe discharge  Do  Physical works for  Evidence of fresh
drainage and safe discharge surface erosion,
techniques (check drainage listed. presence of gullies,
dam) to natural water increase in water
course. turbidity, loss of
agriculture forest
land.
 Slope condition.
 Public complaints.
4. Land use  Explore use of  Do -  Quantify actual land
marginal land. use pattern for
 Check impacts are construction and
limited to other activities.
compensated trees  Public complaints.
and products.
5. Plants and wildlife  Consider  Do -  Check habitats re-
construction affecting created on marginal
forests and roadside land.
productive plots.
6. Quarries and  Design bunds to  Do  Quantify restoration  Check for water
borrow pits screen noise and dust. costs and present ponding, formation
 Design re-grading technical of gullies, water
slopes. specifications. turbidity.
 Use bio-engineering  Check unauthorized
techniques for quarrying activities.
rehabilitation.
7. Stone crushing and -  Do  Amount to be  Dust control
asphalt plants included in equipment being
contractor's own utilized.
expense.  Public complaints.
8. Hazardous  Specify storage  Do  Amount to be  Checks to ensure
materials facilities for included in that storage is good
explosives and toxic contractor's own and that there are no
materials. expense through rate losses or leaks.
for supplying  Checks to ensure
30

materials. that protective
clothing and safety
measures are used.
9. Camp operation  Identify camping  Do  Amount to be  Latrine construction
grounds. included in and effective waste
contractor's own disposal.
expense through  Check disruption in
work camp item water supply.
expense.  Re-vegetation,
rehabilitation of site.
10. Dust and noise  Indicate use of safe  Do  Specify buffer area  Air pollution control
pollution level requirements. equipment.
equipment.  Amount to be  Dust deposition on
included in crops and
contractor's own vegetation.
expense through  Survival rate of
work camp item plants.
11. Social issues  Incorporate socially  Do  -  Check issues
acceptable design pertaining to social
specifications. concern.
12. Code of conduct  Develop and ensure  Do  Specify  Ensure that all
compliance to code of requirements of the contractors sign and
conduct. code of conduct and abide.
specify roles.  Monitor adherence.
13. Road maintenance  Arrangement with  Penalties in case  Specify manner of  Harmonious
the various of non- maintenance and relationship with
communities on the compliance with specific roles well maintained
corridor and private the agreed road
contractor standards (e.g.
number of
potholes per km
of roads).
5.7 Roles and Responsibilities for the Implementation of the ESMF

The ESMF will be implemented by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development through the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU), Rural Access and
Mobility Project (RAMP) that by collaborating with a team of established Environmental
and Social Safeguards Specialists who will liaise with the Federal Ministry of Environment
(FMEnv), SEPA together with the World Bank safeguards team to ensure effective
execution. The below Table 5.3 shows the summary of the phases and institutional
responsibilities for the screening, planning, assessment, approval and implementation of
the RAMP 2 project activities in Imo State.
31
Table 5.3: Roles and Responsibilities for the implementation of the ESMF
S/No. Activities Institutional Institutional Collaboration Implementation

Responsibility Responsibility
1. Identification and/or siting of the SPIUs  Ministry of Local  Ministry of Works
sub-project Government Affairs
 LGA
 CDAs/CBOs
Screening, categorization and SPIUs  ESS of the SPIUs  Federal Ministry of
2. identification of the required  FPMU Environment (FMEnv)
instrument  MEnv
3. Approval of the classification and SPIUs  ESS-PIU  FMEnv

the selected instrument  SSS-PIU  The World Bank
 FPMU
4. Preparation of the safeguard document/instrument (ESIA, EA and simple ESMP, etc.) in accordance with the national
legislation/procedure and the Bank policies requirements)
5. Preparation and approval of the  FMEnv  The World Bank
ToR  MEnv  FMEnv
ESS-SPIUs  Safeguards Specialist
Selection of Consultant  FMEnv/MEnv  Safeguards Specialist
 Procurement Officer  Procurement Specialist
Preparation of the report  Procurement Specialist  Safeguards Consultants
(PS-SPIU)
 SSS-PIU
 LGAs
 FPMU
Report validation and issuance of  Procurement Specialist  FMEnv
the permit (when required) (PS-SPIU)  The World Bank
 SSS-PIU  MEnv
 MEnv
 LGAs
Publication of document  SPIU  Media
 FPMU  The World Bank
(i) Integrating the construction  ESS-PIU  External/Civil Supervisors
6. phase mitigation measures and Civil  PS-PIU  MEnv
Environmental and Social clauses engineering/technical  Design Consultants  Ministry of Lands, Survey,
in the bid documents prior to staff in charge of the Housing and Urban
Planning
advertisement; (ii) ensure that the sub-project (TS-PIU)
Civil Contractors prepare site
specific ESMPs; (iii) obtain
approvals and integrates the
relevant measures in the Works
Breakdown Structure (WBS) or
execution plan.
Implementation of other ESS-SPIU  SSS-SPIU  External Safeguards
7. safeguards measures, including  PS-SPIU Specialists
environmental monitoring (when  TS-SPIU
relevant) and sensitization  SPIU Accountant)  MEnv
 LGAs  NESREA
32
activities
NGOs/CBOs
8. Oversight of safeguards ESS-SPIU  Monitoring and Evaluation  External Supervisor

implementation (internal) specialist (M&E-PIU)  NGOs/CBOs
 Project Accountant
 Local authority
Public consultation on project State Coordinator  M&E-PIU  FMEnv/NESREA

safeguards performance and  ESS-PIU  MEnv/SEPAs
disclosure  SSS-PIU  The World Bank
 NGOs/CBOs
External oversight of the project PIU  M&E-PIU  FMEnv
safeguards compliance  ESS-PIU  NESREA
 SSS-PIU  MEnv/SEPA
 PS-PIU  Safeguard Consultants
 External Civil Supervisors
9. Building stakeholders’ capacity in ESS-PIU  SSS-PIU  Consultants
safeguards management  PS-PIU  MEnv/SEPAs
FMEnv/NESREA
Independent evaluation of ESS-PIU  SSS-PIU  PIU
10. safeguards performance (Audit)  PS-PIU  MEnv/SEPAs
 NGOs/CBOs  Ministry of Lands, Survey,
Housing and Urban
Planning.The World Bank
33
CHAPTER SIX
PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
6.1 Mechanism for Consultation and Participation

Public consultation will be an on-going activity throughout the entire project life-cycle.
Subject to PMU’s approval, information about the project will be shared with the public, to
enable meaningful contribution, and enhance the success of the project. The different
channels for communication and consultation are:
 Meetings, filling in of questionnaires/ application forms, public readings and

explanations of project ideas and requirements.
 Publication in print and electronic media, preferably all local papers, notice boards
near project sites, posters in strategic locations and many public places.
The means of communication must also take into consideration the literacy levels in the
rural communities by allowing enough time for responses and feedback and putting
messages in local language(s).
6.2 Identifying Stakeholders

The stakeholders are defined as all people and institutions that have an interest in the
planning and execution of the project, potentially affected communities; traditional rulers/
religious leaders, NGOs/CBOs, Local Government officials, State MDAs, local/social and
professional groups e.g., farmers, market women, road transport workers etc.
6.3 ESMF Update and Public Involvement

Relevant stakeholders were consulted during the update of the ESMF to include Imo State,
as shown in plates 6.1and 6.2, however the report of the stakeholders meeting together with
the attendance sheet are presented in appendices 2 and 4.
The ESMF preparation involved stakeholders’ consultation and participation in all the fives
(5) States. The major stakeholders identified and consulted for the preparation of the
updated ESMF in Imo State consisted of various government (State and Federal) MDAs.
Some of the organizations are the Imo State RAMP II-SPIU, NEWMAP (State SPIU/State
Ministry of Environment and Agriculture, Imo State Ministry of Local Government and
Rural Development (Supervising Ministry for Imo RAMP II), Imo State Accountant-General
Office, Transitional Chairmen of three (3) Local Governments (representing all the 27 Local
34
Government Transitional Chairmen of Imo State), and the South-East Regional Office of the
National Environmental Standards, Regulatory and Enforcement Agency (NESREA).
It is however considered that the public involvement initiated by the ESMF will be built
upon at the various project levels in the State.
This will afford the SPIU to:
 clarify the project's objectives in terms of stakeholders’ needs and concerns

 identify feasible alternatives (in particular alternative locations) and examine their
relative merits in terms of environmental, social and economic factors
 identify and prioritise environmental and social issues and establish the scope of
future studies and/or site specific management plan
 Identify processes for continued stakeholders’ involvement.
The outcome of the consultation in Imo State are highlighted below:
 In determining and designing of the road projects there should be an inclusion of
the relevant stakeholders’ and beneficiaries’ opinions of the project affected persons.
 Ensure strict adherence to project design and timely completion.
 Proper understanding of roles and collaboration between MDAs in the entire
management of the project.
 Even if the project may not lead to any large scale social and environmental
resources, adherence to both national and State/local laws in the execution of
projects.
 Existing MDAs should be strengthened through capacity building (trainings,
seminar, workshops etc) and also be assisted with air quality and noise monitoring
equipments for the monitoring of air quality particularly in areas that are very close
to major landmarks such as schools, health centres and also ensure adequate
monitoring and enforcement mechanism.
 The political class should not take undue advantage to circumvent the essence of the
project or cause undue influence such that the supposed are deprived or not
benefited.
 Give adequate opportunity to local contractors and skills in all the facets of the
project.
 Adequate compensation should be paid to all the Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
who will lose their farmland, property and business shelters or structures.
 Road accidents should be prevented during construction by the use of adequate
signs, public sensitizations and implementation of a world-class traffic management
plan.
 Drains should not be directed towards peoples gardens, farmland, houses, burial or
cultural sites and toward sources of portable water of the communities.
35
 Enough reservoir should be constructed to prevent flash floods.

 Adequate protection of the soil so as not to trigger erosion.
 Contractors should give due cognizance should be given to native customs and
traditions with particular attention on not defiling the land in order to avoid what is
referred to as “ikwu-ala” (cleansing of the land).
Plate 6.1: (From the front row) Barrister Anuebunwa (Representing Transition Chairman, Onuimo LGA),
Ogunsawe David (Consultant), Engr. Obinna Nshirim (Transition Chairman of Ikeduru LGA), Engr. Uzor
(Coordinator, Imo RAMP II), Chief Clifford Orjiako (Transition Chairman, Nwangele LGA), Mrs. Uzoma Ijeoma
(Head, Imo PFMU) and Engr. Victor Anueyiagu (SPC-Imo NEWMAP) during the stakeholders meeting on Imo
RAMP II in Owerri, Imo State.
Plate 6.2:From the left Engr. Obinna Nshirim (Transition Chairman of Ikeduru LGA), Chief Clifford Orjiako-
standing (Transition Chairman, Nwangele LGA) , Mrs. IIwuagwu Ogechi (Safeguards Specialist, Imo RAMP II
& NEWMAP) and other participants during the stakeholders meeting on Imo RAMP II in Owerri, Imo State.
36
6.4 Commonalties and Differences in the States

Interactions with the stakeholders were positive and they want the project to commence in
earnest.
Nevertheless, general knowledge of legal instruments on environmental and social (ESIA
and EMP) issues needs to be reinforced in the various States. While some of the States have
more considerable experience in the management of ESIA/EMP for instance, others do not
have. For instance, recommendation from stakeholders in Imo State is the request for
capacity building of staff on safeguards. In other words, capacity to ensure environmental
performance of the project needs to be enhanced as these seem inadequate in the
beneficiary States.
6.5 ESMF Disclosures

All safeguards reports for projects shall be publicly disclosed and made available to the
project affected groups, associations, NGOs, CBOs and the general public as a whole.
The outline of information to be disclosed is presented in the table below.
Table 6.1: Typical Information to be Disclosed

Topic Documents to be Disclosed Frequency Media
Public Minutes of formal public Within two weeks of World Bank’s Info-shop, implementation
Consultation consultation meetings meeting agency’s website/Project Management Unit
and Project Implementation Units (PIU),
Ministry of Environment, Local Government
Area
Environment ESMF, ESIA, EMP with key Prior to awarding works and World Bank’s Info-shop.
Management actions, safeguard monitoring to remain on website Implementation agency’s website/Project
reports and audit. Management Unit and Project,
Implementation Units (PIU), Ministry of
Environment, Local Government Area.
37
CHAPTER SEVEN
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES
7.0 Introduction
This chapter describes the environmental and social mitigation measures associated with
the potential negative impacts associated with project implementation.
7.1 Approaches to Developing Mitigation Measure

Options to address the various environmental and social issues identified have been
worked out based on the review of good practices and requirement of compliance with the
legal provisions as well as consultations with the relevant stakeholders. The principle that
guides the approach to mitigation measure development is outlined below.
Table 7.1: Approach to Mitigation Measure Development

Mitigation Measure Practice
1. Seek alternatives to avoid particular  Consider alternatives to a proposed project activity.
impacts.  Examine alternative ways to achieve the objectives to
maximize benefits and minimize undesirable impacts.
2. Arrange compensation where  Restore damaged resources, such as, water source, irrigation
particular impacts are unavoidable. system, forest.
 Proper rehabilitation scheme, such as, skills training, new
employment.
 Adequate compensation payments to affected persons for
damage or loss of property, livelihood and provision of
rehabilitation measures.
3. Take corrective measures to reduce  Consider corrective measures to reduce adverse impacts to
unavoidable effects. acceptable standards, such as, remove spoil material during
construction, replace or relocate community water source,
assist in school expansion to handle influx of laborers'
children, and others.
4. Implement preventive measures to  Pre-preparation for minimizing adverse impacts, such as,
avoid some impacts altogether. implement health education program, initiate public
awareness programs.
Source: Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2003, DoR.
38
7.2Mitigation Measures
The appropriate mitigation measures suitable to the project are suggested in table 7.2.
Table 7.2: Summary of Envisaged Activities/Impacts and Mitigation Measures
S/No Activities Mitigations

Envisaged/ (Planning and Design (P&D), Construction (C), or Operation and Maintenance (O&M))
Impacts
General planning and designing new and existing roads
1. Project preparation  Incorporate environmental and social concerns in project preparation.
(Planning &  Ensure that construction activities take cognizance of sensitive ecosystems
Design) such as forest reserve/sanctuaries/wetlands etc.
 Compliance with legal requirements.
 Chose or develop design standards for each facet of construction and related
activities—road beds, road surface, drainage, erosion control, re-vegetation,
river crossing, sensitive areas, steep slopes, material extraction, transport,
storage, construction camps, waste management and decommissioning
(P&D).
 Provide plans to identify, protect and use sensitive habitats (P&D).
 Take into account problems of soil and slope stability and local weather and
other natural phenomena viz erosion, flooding, earthquakes, heavy rain,
mudslides, drought (P&D).
 Develop a flood/erosion control plan for all projects (P&D).
2. Route planning  Involve multi-disciplinary team in planning new routes (P&D).
 Avoid routing road through sites of known paleontological, archeological,
historic, religious, or cultural significance (P&D)
 Avoid routing across agriculturally productive soils.
 Consider the problems of soil, slope stability, local weather and other
ecological phenomena (P&D).
 Where possible, site roads should follow hill contours and avoid creating
slopes greater than 10 degrees.
 Avoid gradients greater than 10 percent and long straight downhill stretches
(P&D) (C).
 Identify sites for temporary and permanent storage of excavated material and
construction materials (P&D) (C).
 Avoid environmentally sensitive areas and explore possible compromise
alternatives. (P&D) (C).
 Avoid constructing roads through forest areas (if possible) else protect or
restore forests elsewhere in the drainage basin as close as possible to those lost
(P&D).
 Minimize aesthetic and scenic impacts (P&D).
 Avoid citing roads along migration routes of animals (P&D)
 If sensitive areas cannot be avoided, involve ecologists and engineers in
designing road, construction camp, quarries, and other areas (P&D) (C).
39

Impacts
3. Construction 
Select or develop guidelines and procedures to be applied for each phase of
contracts project activities and incorporate into contracts for construction companies viz;
site clearing, bed and surface construction, drainage, fuel and material usage,
quarry site management, construction camp and work site operating
procedures, including worker safety.
 Include incentives for adherence to guidelines and penalties for violation.
4. Maintenance  Finalize maintenance agreements with local communities before construction.
agreements  Define roles and ensure commitment of parties to terms of the agreement,
such as job description, time, frequency, compensation, and limits.
5. Code of conduct  Develop and ensure strict adherence to the code of conduct to be signed by all
contractors and contract employees against any form of child abuse including
sex with under-age or any vulnerable group, rape or sexual assault, child
labour or exploitation and any form of discrimination.
 Implementing Agency should ensure zero tolerance to non-adherence and
would be held responsible for non-enforcement.
6. Sloped areas  Stabilize slopes by planting local plant species.
and raised  Work with agronomists to identify native species with the best erosion control
roads properties, root strength, site adaptability, and other socially useful properties.
 Set up nurseries in project areas to supply necessary plants.
 Use soil stabilizing chemicals or geo-textiles (fabrics) where feasible and
appropriate (P&D) (C).
 Minimize use of vertical road cuts even though they are easier to construct and
require less space than flatter slopes. The majority of road cuts should have no
more than a 0.75:1 or 1:1 slope to promote plant growth. Vertical cuts are
acceptable in rocky landscapes and in well-cemented soils (P&D) (C)
 Install drainage ditches or berms on uphill slopes to divert water. (P&D) (C).
 Install drainage turnouts at more frequent intervals and check dams to reduce
ditch erosion (P&D) (C).
 If possible, use higher grade gravel that is much less prone to erosion (P&D)
(C).
 If very steep sections cannot be avoided, provide soil stabilizers or surface
with asphalt or concrete (P&D) (C).
Planning and designing existing- Existing Roads (Reconstruction/Repair/Realignment)
1. Road surface is  Raise road surface with stable fill material.
below grade of  Grade with in-slope, out-slope, or cambered shape.
surrounding  Install sufficient cross-drains ditches, and settling ponds (P&D) (C) (O&M).
2. Road is steeply  Consider realigning the road sections to conform with preferred design
sloped and parameters described above.
eroding  Decommission original road sections after realignment (P&D) (C) (O&M).
3. Deteriorated  Determine cause of deterioration. If heavily used, find a means of reducing traffic
road surface or upgrade road to more durable surface— gravel, asphalt, or concrete (P&D) (C)
(O&M).
40

Impacts
 Road grading (P&D) (C)
 Landscaping
4. High-speed  Realign road sections to meander; curving roads deter speeding (P&D).
Driving  Add speed bumps in villages or populated areas (C).
5. Road sections with  Maintain or upgrade road so section no longer floods or becomes muddy (P&D)
multiple (O&M).
tracks/off-road  Raise the road bed or define the roadway with rocks.
driving  Realign the road to a better area.
 Avoid very flat terrain (P&D) (O&M).
6. Road section  Remove surface and loosen soil of previous track to accelerate regeneration of
must be vegetation.
realigned  Block access with rocks, branches, roadblocks, and signs.
 Narrow tracks usually re-vegetate naturally with no noticeable scars.
 Wider roads may require planting and reseeding (C) (O&M).
Construction
1. Site preparation  Relocation of utilities, common property resources and cultural properties.
 Avoid wanton destruction of roadside vegetation.
2. Construction  Avoid sensitive areas for location of construction camps
camps  Infrastructure arrangements for workers and construction equipment.
3. Borrow pits and  Obtain necessary statutory licenses
Quarry  Avoid agriculture lands as borrow areas.
Management  Minimize impact within (500m) radius (P&D) (C).
 Take safety precautions.
 Ensure operations are in line with the ESMP.
 No night crushing
 Adequate warning prior to blasting
 Decommission all sites as per approved ESMP.
4. Compacting  Water the road immediately before compacting to strengthen the road surface
(P&D) (C).
 When possible, delay compacting until the beginning of the wet season or
when water becomes more available (P&D) (C).
5. Topsoil salvage,  Topsoil removal from areas temporarily/permanently used for construction.
storage  Re-use of topsoil for re-vegetation
& replacement
6. Water for  Extract water in areas of scarcity with consent of community.
construction  Schedule construction activities as per water availability.
7. Capacity Building  Develop the required capacity to monitor compliance particularly safeguard
and Monitoring issues.
 Ensure compliance monitoring and reporting.
8. Slope stability and  Slope stability along hill roads.
erosion control  Protect land on hill side from stability loss due to cutting.
 Protect land on valley side from debris due to construction.
41

Impacts
 Adequacy of drainage for erosion control.
 Conduct geological/geomorphological studies, investigate and recommend
best available options.
 Use civil engineering and bio-engineering measures.
 Measures taken to avoid undercutting of slope toes.
 Quarry activities must avoid river beds, where flood discharge is significant.
9. Road surface help  Stabilize the road surface with gravel, murram, and other rocky surfacing
or be adverse to materials.
road user  Grade the road.
Comfort
10. Waste management  Ensure waste management practices are in line with the ESMP.
 Protect land on valley side from debris due to construction.
 Consider adequacy of drainage for erosion control.
 Develop adequate waste management plan.
 Engage accredited waste management company(ies).
11. Water bodies/  Avoidance from cutting due to alignment.
perennial and  Protect embankment of slopes in case of alignment.
intermittent  Rehabilitate water body.
rivers and
streams
12. Wetlands  Avoid routing through these areas (see “Route planning” above for additional
guidance) (P&D).
 Minimize cuts and fills and compensate for impact by protecting other wetlands
(P&D) I.
 Take special precautions to prevent dumping of debris etc I.
 Use elevated porous fills (rock-fills) or multiple pipes to maintain natural
groundwater and near-surface flow patterns (C ).
13. Drainage  Conduct hydrological investigations during project preparation.
 Provision of longitudinal and cross drainage as per requirements.
 Proper location of drainage outfall.
 Install drainage structures during rather than after construction. (P&D) I.
 Clearly define the type of road surface shapes and drainage methods—in-
sloped, out-sloped, or crown roadway—to be used for each section of roadway.
 Use outside ditches control surface water when necessary (P&D) I.
 Install diversion structures, such as cross drains, drivable, rolling dips, or water
bars, to move water off the road frequently and minimize concentration of water
(P&D) I.
 Install drainage crossings to pass water from uphill to downhill (P&D) I.
 Stabilize outlet ditches (inside and outside) with small stone riprap or
vegetative barriers placed on contours (P&D) I.
 Extend runout drains far enough (P&D) I.
 Visually spot check for drainage problems and ensure appropriate corrective
measures I.
42

Impacts
14. Construction plants  Maintain machines and equipments regularly to avoid pollution.
&  Minimize use of heavy machines (P&D) I.
equipment  Set schedules maintenance (P&D) I.
management  Investigate and use less toxic alternative products (P&D) I.
 Prevent fuel tank leaks by monitoring storage facilities.
15. Spoil disposal  Minimize spoil by balancing cut and fill wherever possible
 Safe tipping areas identified and enforced.
 Spoil traps constructed.
 Land owner compensated.
16. Hazardous material  Checks to ensure that storage is good and that there are no losses or leaks.
 Checks to ensure that protective clothing and safety measures are used.
17. Tree plantation  Avoid impact on trees.
 Plant multiple local trees species in lieu of destroyed ones.
 Encourage tree planting along roadside.
18. Sensitive  Identify sensitive ecosystems.
Ecosystems  Develop EMP for roads passing through fragile habitats.
19. Air and dust  Ensure stringent air pollution control measures.
pollution  Regular maintenance of both mobile and stationery equipments.
 Ensure the use of high-efficient burners.
 Periodically monitor air quality parameters particularly at areas closer to
major socially and environmentally sensitive landmarks.
 Regularly spray water to avoid Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
particularly during the dry season.
 Plant dense vegetation on roadside.
20. Noise  Schedule work to minimize disturbance.
 Inform the public when loud noise will be generated.
 Carry out schedule maintenance of equipment.
21. Workers  Provide and enforce use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs).
health & safety and  Have on-site first-aid kits.
emergency  Have dedicated emergency response numbers
response  Develop and implement emergency response plan
 Have Retainership with healthcare providers in the case of medical
emergencies.
 Create awareness for staff on STIs including HIV/AIDS.
43

Impacts
22. Public health and  Develop and implement sound safety plan.
safety at  Ensure public safety while travel along construction sites.
construction Site  Have dedicated traffic management plan/team.
 Install adequate warning signs, delineators and barriers in appropriate places
including speed limits and if possible in local languages.
 Effective road safety awareness among affected communities using
appropriate media and local languages.
 Control speed using speed bumps.
 Carry out road safety audits and make recommendations.
 Contractor should develop an acceptable site-specific Environment, Health
and Safety (HSE) plan.
 Reduce associated construction site risks to the workers and the public –
safety. Ensure compliance to rules for work operations be instituted by the
Contractors, including, but not limited to; location of plant equipment away
from sensitive locations (hospitals, schools, etc.), equipment operation
procedures, safety barriers, warning signs, first aid and medical kits and
procedures, and safety training for the workers.
 Reducing health risks from compound living conditions and interaction with
the community – employee rules and information campaigns shall be
instituted by the Contractor on health practices and communicable diseases.
 The Contractor shall also ensure that the prevention and treatment facilities
are made available to his employees.
23. Cultural practices  Ensure compliance to native customs.

and properties  Educate workers and contractors on native customs of the project area.
 Avoid unnecessary impacts due to project.
 Protect boundaries from impacts due to construction.
 Relocate in case impacts are unavoidable.
24. Land use and  Stand-alone Resettlement Action Plan that is acceptable to The Bank be
resettlement issues developed to address all the resettlement impacts.
25. Local people  Designs should incorporate methods within the skills of local people.
excluded from  Contractors should (where possible) use local labor.
project activities
26. Promises made to  Checks to ensure that the promises are fulfilled; if they prove to be not
local people during possible, reasonable alternatives must be negotiated.
feasibility and
planning phases
27. Road closure and  Liaise with project communities and agree on when closure, detours and
detours alternatives.
 Contractor install and maintain warning signs
 Avoid collision with construction vehicles.
 Speed restrictions.
28. Graveyards and  Avoid disturbance through:
44

Impacts
sacred areas 
(i) adjustments to alignments; and/or

(ii) drainage and other design measures to avoid excessive runoff or erosion
onto the graveyard or burial.
 If any impact is unavoidable, the appropriate compensation measures will be
applied as per the RPF/RAP
29. Chance finds of  Specify procedures for archaeological “chance finds” during the course of
cultural resources construction activities in contract document in line with Physical Cultural
(OP/BP 4.11).
30. Grievance Taking into cognizance tradition grievance redress mechanism, the project should
Mechanism would a project specific grievance redress and feedback mechanism to:
 Provides information about project implementation;
 Provides a forum for resolving grievances and disputes at the lowest level;
 Resolve disputes relatively quickly before they escalate to an unmanageable
level;
 Facilitate effective communication between the project and affected persons;
 Help win the trust and confidence of community members in the project and
creates productive relationships between the parties;
 Ensure equitable and fair distribution of benefits, costs, and risks;
 Mitigate or prevent adverse impacts of the project on communities and
produces appropriate corrective or preventive action; and
 Help avoid project delays and cost increase and improve quality of work.
31. Gender and  Engage CBOs/NGOs etc within the community to monitor activities including
Prevention of the protection of vulnerable population (especially women/minors) from risks
Sexual and Gender associated with the influx of workers such as sexual harassment, underage sex,
Based Violence rape, violence and child exploitation.
 Project to establish a code of conduct for contractor employees and contract
workers, acknowledging a zero-tolerance policy towards child labor and child
sexual exploitation (with contractors/Resident Engineers/implementing
agency held accountable for enforcement).
 Develop and implement a robust STIs including HIV/AIDS sensitization
programme while targeting youths as well as other highly vulnerable groups
such as girls and sexually active women, the commercial sex workers in
collaboration with the National and State Agencies for the Control of AIDS
(NACA/SACA) on protection and treatment.
32. Information  Ensure continuous information dissemination on environmental and social

dissemination risks using appropriate local media (print and electronic).
 Disseminate the information in local languages for wider coverage.
33. Environmental and  Develop ESMP
Social Compliance  Ensure compliance to social and environmental issues
Operation and Maintenance
1. Road  Monitor and maintain drainage structures and ditches including culverts.
Maintenance  Clean out culverts and side channels and run-outs when they begin to fill with
45

Impacts
sediment and lose their effectiveness (O&M).
 Fill mud holes and potholes with good quality gravel; remove trees and limbs
obscuring roadways (O&M).
 Use water from settling basins and retention ponds for road maintenance
(O&M).
 Ensure a combined approach, with a private contractor performing
mechanized maintenance and subcontracting labor-intensive maintenance to
the communities.
 Ensure the maintenance contracts are performance-based with penalties in
case of non-compliance with the agreed standards (e.g. flouting safety rules,
number of potholes per km of roads).
 Ensure regular maintenance of equipments in order to reduce or possibly
eliminate environmental pollution.
Decommissioning
2. Decommissioning  Break old road surfaces and soil.
 Remove and dispose surfacing material if necessary and loosen soil of previous
track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation.
 Reshape eroded or culled surfaces with out-sloping, or add cross drains or
water bars so water will no longer follow the course of the roadway Re-vegetate
as needed. Narrow tracks will usually re-vegetate naturally with no noticeable
scars or impact on the environment, but wider roads may require active
planting and reseeding (O&M).
 Block access with rocks, branches, roadblocks and signs.
7.3 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Design and Tender Documents

Use mitigation measures developed herewith and integrate into the project design and
tender documents. By using this approach, the mitigation measures will automatically
become part of the project construction and operation phase.
Project Design
The mitigation measure integration in the design phase will help in strengthening the
benefits and sustainability of the project.
Project Contract
The project contractor should be bound by the parameters identified in the environmental
and social assessment pertaining to specific mitigation measures in the contract. The final
acceptance of the completed works should not occur until the environmental clauses have
been satisfactorily implemented.
46
Bill of Quantities
The tender instruction should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures,
materials to be used, labor camp arrangements and waste disposal areas, as well other site
specific environmental requirements.
Supervision and Monitoring

The purpose of supervision is to ensure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the
environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily
implemented. A categorized mitigation measures and its implementation is given in the
table below.
47
Table 7.3: Mitigation Implémentation

1. Slope stability  Specify bio-  Contractor shall  Identify stabilization  Adequacy, quality
engineering and comply with area. of vegetation.
relevant techniques. clauses pertaining  Provide list of  Survival rate of
to mitigation in vegetation to be plants.
the contract. planted.
2. Spoil disposal  Identify mass balance  Do  Quantify disposal  Presence of
techniques. and extraction scouring, erosion,
 Safe tipping areas volume. damage to property,
identified and water supply
enforced. disruption.
 Design spoils traps.  Complaints from
local people
3. Water management  Design safe discharge  Do  Physical works for  Evidence of fresh
drainage and safe discharge surface erosion,
techniques (check drainage listed. presence of gullies,
dam) to natural water increase in water
course. turbidity, loss of
agriculture forest
land.
 Slope condition.
 Public complaints.
4. Land use  Explore use of  Do -  Quantify actual land
marginal land. use pattern for
 Check impacts are construction and
limited to other activities.
compensated trees  Public complaints.
and products.
5. Plants and wildlife  Consider  Do -  Check habitats re-
construction affecting created on marginal
forests and roadside land.
productive plots.
6. Quarries and  Design bunds to  Do  Quantify restoration  Check for water
borrow pits screen noise and dust. costs and present ponding, formation
 Design re-grading technical of gullies, water
slopes. specifications. turbidity.
 Use bio-engineering  Check unauthorized
techniques for quarrying activities.
rehabilitation.
7. Stone crushing and -  Do  Amount to be  Dust control
asphalt plants included in equipment being
contractor's own utilized.
8. Hazardous  Specify storage  Do  Amount to be  Checks to ensure
materials facilities for included in that storage is good
explosives and toxic contractor's own and that there are no
48

materials. expense through rate losses or leaks.
for supplying  Checks to ensure
materials. that protective
clothing and safety
measures are used.
9. Camp operation  Identify camping  Do  Amount to be  Latrine construction
grounds. included in and effective waste
contractor's own disposal.
expense through  Check disruption in
work camp item water supply.
expense.  Re-vegetation,
rehabilitation of site.
10. Dust and noise  Indicate use of safe  Do  Specify buffer area  Air pollution control
pollution level requirements. equipment.
equipment.  Amount to be  Dust deposition on
included in crops and
contractor's own vegetation.
expense through  Survival rate of
work camp item plants.
11. Social issues  Incorporate socially  Do  -  Check issues
acceptable design pertaining to social
specifications. concern.
12. Code of conduct  Develop and ensure  Do  Specify  Ensure that all
compliance to code of requirements of the contractors sign and
conduct. code of conduct and abide.
specify roles.  Monitor adherence.
13. Road maintenance  Arrangement with  Penalties in case  Specify manner of  Harmonious
the various of non- maintenance and relationship with
communities on the compliance with specific roles well maintained
corridor and private the agreed road
contractor standards (e.g.
number of
potholes per km
of roads).
49
50
CHAPTER EIGHT
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION
8.1 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building

This ESMF provides the required platform for the management of the environmental and
social safeguards components associated with RAMP 2 sub-projects, the successful
implementation of the ESMF will depend largely on the degree of collaboration of relevant
institutions. This will ensure that the sub-projects are implemented with due cognizance to
the environment and its resources. The roles of the major stakeholder institutions are
identified are presented in the below table by matching the various components of the
RAMP 2 sub-project activities together with the corresponding institutions that has the
statutory responsibilities such as issuance of licences, permits, assessment, monitoring and
enforcement.
The RAMP II project as a whole would be implemented and monitored by the Technical
Steering Committee (Board) consisting of relevant stakeholders across participating
institutions with the PMUs managing activities of the entire project in each State.
The respective implementing agencies will constitute its Project Implementation Units
(PIUs).
As a point of emphasis, the PMU, has the mandate to:
 Co-ordinate the project programmes and actions in the various States;
 Plan, coordinate, manage and develop the various sub-project activities;
 Prepare plans for RAMP management and development.
 The roles and responsibilities of the institutions required to effectively implement

the program and projects with a view to ensuring sustainable management of the
environmental and social components of the projects are outline in the table below.
Table 8.1: Safeguard Responsibilities

Safeguard Responsibilities
S/No Category Roles
1. Federal Government MDAs - Lead role -provision of advice on screening, scoping, review of draft EA/EMP
such as the Federal Ministry of report (in liaison with State Ministry of Environment), receiving comments
Environment and NESREA from stakeholders, public hearing of the project proposals, and convening a
technical decision-making panel, Project categorization for EA, applicable
standards, environmental and social liability investigations, monitoring and
evaluation process and other criteria.
51
Safeguard Responsibilities
S/No Category Roles
2. State Government MDAs - Compliance overseer at State level on matters of land acquisition, compensation
(Ministry of Lands, Survey, and other resettlement issues.
Housing and Urban Planning, - Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or
Ministry of Environment, management are likely to be affected.
Ministry of Local Government, - Participate in the EA processes and decision-making process that helps prevent
other MDAs etc or minimize impacts and to mitigate them. These institutions may also be
required to issue consent or approval for an aspect of a project; allow an area to
be included in a project; or allow impact to a certain extent or impose
restrictions or conditions, monitoring responsibility or supervisory oversight.
3. World Bank - Assess implementation
- Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework
and implementation performance.
4. PMU Safeguards Unit - Liaise closely with the Ministry of Environment in preparing a co-ordinated
response on the environmental and social aspects of project development.
5. Local government - Liaise with the PMU to verify the adequacy of resettlement location and provide
approval for such sites, provide additional resettlement area(s) if the designated
locations are not adequate, provide necessary infrastructures in relocated areas,
engage and encourage the carrying out comprehensive awareness campaign for
the proposed sub-projects amongst the various relevant grass roots interest
groups.
6. NGOs/CSOs/CDAs, CBOs - Assist in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions.
- Conduct scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and
devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques.
- Organize, coordinate and ensure safe use of volunteers in a response action and
actually identify where these volunteers can effectively be used.
- Provide wide support helpful in management planning,
institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter.
- Monitor project impacts and mitigation measure, awareness campaigns.
7. The General Public - Same as above
Specific areas for effective institutional capacity requirements are given in the table below.
52
Table 8.2: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management

Training Modules on Environment and Social Management
Programme Description Participants Form Of Duration/ Training Conducting
Training Location Agency
Sensitization Introduction to the environment: Chief Engineer/ Workshop ½ day Safeguards Specialists,
Workshop  Basic concepts of the Superintending external agency
environment and Engineers of engaged for capacity
sustainable development. Implementing Agency building.
 Environmental and Project Coordinator,
regulations and statutory Safeguards unit,
requirements in Nigeria Procurements & other
and World Bank. relevant groups
Module I Introduction to the environment: Engineers of Lecture ¼ day Safeguards Specialists,
 Basic concept of the implementing MDAs Consultant/external
environment and (MEnv/SEPA. agency engaged for
environmental capacity building.
management.
 Environmental
regulations and statutory
requirements as per
Governments and The
World Bank.
-Module II Environmental considerations in Engineers of Workshop 1 day Environmental &
sub-projects: implementing MDAs Social Specialists of
 Environmental (MEnv/SEPA units), Design
components affected by community Consultant/external
urban development in leaders/CBOs/NGOs agency engaged for
construction and capacity building.
operation stages.
 Rural agricultural
practices and
environmental
degradation.
 Challenges of pest control
and the environment.
 Environmental
management practices in
urban and rural projects.
 Stakeholders’
collaboration in rural
project management.
Module III Review of the EIA requirements Engineers of Lecture ½ day Safeguards Specialists
and its integration into designs: implementing MDAs and field of Design
 ESIA methodology visit Consultant/external
 Environmental agency engaged for
provisions. capacity building.
 Implementation
arrangements
 Methodology of
assessment and pollution
53
Training Modules on Environment and Social Management

Programme Description Participants Form Of Duration/ Training Conducting
Training Location Agency
monitoring.
 Methodology for site
selection of waste
disposal area etc.
Module IV Stakeholders participation: Officials of MEnv/SEPA, Lecture 1 day Safeguards Specialists
 Overview of RAMP 2 and other relevant MDAs and field of Design
 Environmental & social visit Consultant/external
impacts agency engaged for
 Statutory permissions – capacity building.
procedural requirements
 Co-operation &
coordination with other
MDAs in monitoring
Module V Stakeholders role in civil works Officials of MEnv/SEPA, Lecture 1 day Safeguards Specialists
and agricultural practices: and other line MDAs and field of Design Consultant/
 Roles and responsibilities visit external agency
of officials/contractors/ engaged for capacity
consultants in building
environmental protection
and implementation
arrangements.
 Monitoring mechanisms.
Module VI Monitoring and reporting system, Engineers of 1 day Environmental &
community participatory implementing Agency, Social Specialists of
monitoring and evaluation MEnv/SEPA, & relevant Design
MDAs, Community Consultant/external
leaders/CBOs/NGOs agency engaged for
capacity building.
8.2 ESMF Communication Plan

The ESMF communication plan refers to specific guidelines and protocols consistent with
the principles of participation that will govern the project and which will be reflected in the
communication plans, including the communication plans of the social safeguard
frameworks of the RAMP II project in Imo State.
They are:
I. establishment of feasible participation mechanisms,
II. establishment of participation mechanisms for transparency, responsibility of
delivery of public service and an anticorruption approach;
III. promotion of mechanisms for dialogue based on realistic;
IV. integration of most vulnerable groups, such as women, young persons, children,
older persons and indigenous communities.
54
8.3 Environmental and Social Monitoring

The Imo State PMU Safeguard Units will commence monitoring as an important feedback
mechanism. This will ensure that the environmental and social mitigation measures in this
ESMF are;
 Complied with during the implementation and are strengthened by arising

situations;
 Identified in the planning phase (contained in the EA report), and incorporated in

the project design and cost are being implemented;
 Maintained throughout the construction phase and where applicable in the

operational phase and the decommissioning of phase, facilities and equipment; and
 In the case of inadequacy, additional remedial actions are identified (including

corrective measures or re-design of mitigation measures).
The methodology for monitoring the implementation of mitigation measures or
environmental impacts should be simple, standardized while necessary useful information
are collected for ease of implementation by the respective sub-project implementers.
The monitoring responsibilities would be carried out by the following:
 PMUs Safeguard Units: will effectively monitor all the engaged civil contractors to
ensure strict adherence to the environmental and social clauses and principles for all
the RAMP activities (not readily identified now). The monitoring results from the
executing agencies would be reported to the MEnv/SEPA, for necessary action.
 MEnv/SEPA (Federal and State levels): The Ministry of Environment/SEPAs will

carry out its own compliance monitoring in order to ensure that the conditions for
the issuance of permit and relevant standards and mitigation measures are being
fulfilled by operators in the sub-projects.
 MDAs: all the relevant MDAs would participate in the monitoring while taking into
cognizance the specific components as it relates to the agencies’ areas of statutory
responsibility(ies).
 Local Governments: as the closest tier of government, the LGAs would participate
in the monitoring to ensure and verify adequacy of implementation and mitigation
measures.
 Communities/CBOs/NGOs: will be involved in the collection of useful data that to

be used in monitoring and realigning the project in line with sustainability plan as
such they will play a role in the monitoring framework.
55
 World Bank and AFD: will continuously appraise and monitor the implementation
of the ESMF together with other safeguards instruments and make additional
suggestions/recommendation as the need may arise.
8.4 Environmental Code of Conduct, Social Integration and Participation

An indicative environmental and social code of conduct for rural access infrastructure
development for contractors that shall work on the project is shown in Appendix 5.
Table 8.3: Inclusion of Social Clauses and Mitigation Measures

S/n Social Clause Mitigation Measures
1. Community participation  Participation in decision- making on issues concerning them.
 Involvement of affected people for consultation, preparation and implementation
 A summary of the views expressed and consider in preparing the resettlement
plans/EMP.
 Review of the alternatives and choices by affected persons wherever options are
available to them.
2. Integration with host  Use existing local groups rather than form new ones.
populations & promotion of  Reduce social exclusion by increasing access to opportunities especially the
social inclusion marginalized.
 Socially marginalized groups and individuals must fully participate.
 Target women and youths.
3. Social inclusion &  Encourage programmes that meet peoples’ needs and reduce the feeling of
avoidance of elite capture/ alienation.
vulnerable groups  Include special efforts (affirmative action) to fully integrate socially marginalized.
 Ensure access to information through participatory village focus groups.
 Partnership to remove the barriers to social inclusion.
 Place emphasis on the views and needs of the vulnerable groups.
4. Gender issues  Ensure road-project opportunities targets at least 50% of women.
 Conduct gender study that strive to mainstream gender concerns in the use of,
access to and maintenance of roads.
5. Avoidance of promotion of  Ensure an agreement on expectations.
any conflict among  Faithful implementation of memorandums of understanding (MoU).
community groups  Ensure equitable service delivery.
 Ensure generalized benefits regardless of ethnic, gender, generation, health
conditions or socio-economic status.
 Encourage cross-cultural communication that could facilitate peaceful coexistence,
harmony and mutual partnerships.
 Faithful implementation of memorandum of understanding by stakeholders
 Design sub-project activities to encourage cross-cultural communication systems
that facilitate human coexistence, harmony and mutual partnerships.
 Impact of resettlement on host communities should always be seen as very urgent
issues to treat through:
o arrangements for prompt tendering of any payment due the hosts for land or other
assets provided to Project affected persons;
o arrangements for addressing any conflict that may arise between PAPs and host
communities; and
o any measures necessary to augment services (e.g., education, water, health, and
56
production services) in host communities

6. Implementation  Include and ensure community participation and oversight in their domains.
Arrangements  Description of responsible for implementation of compensation payment and
resettlement activities should be outlined and an assessment of the institutional
capacity of such agencies and NGOs.
7. Accountability in  Participatory planning, budgeting and monitoring
the use of public funds  Public information dissemination fund use
 Collective embracement of the tenets of probity, accountability and transparency.
8. Grievance procedures  To resolving conflict in the communities use existing traditional methods that are
affordable and accessible procedures for redressal of disputes such as: community
meetings, elders-in-council, dialogue, council of chiefs, appeals and summons,
elders assembly, religious leaders, youth council, women groups, and ultimately the
police and courts.
9. Implementation schedule  Ensure an implementation schedule covering all payments of compensation and
other applicable resettlement activities from preparation through implementation,
including target dates for the achievement of expected benefits to PAPs and hosts
and terminating the various forms of assistance.
 The schedule should indicate how the resettlement activities are linked to the
implementation of the overall project.
 The affected persons and CBOs/NGOs should be abreast of the schedule
10. Project Monitoring  Ensure local communities/CBOs/NGOs play significant roles in the monitoring
framework.
11. Establishment of code of  Develop and ensure adherence to code of conduct for contractor employees and
conduct contract workers.
 Ensure zero-tolerance policy towards any form of child abuse including child labour
and sexual exploitation.
 Ensure zero tolerance toward violence and abuse of vulnerable groups such as
women and minors including rape.
 Implementing agency should be held responsible for non-adherence.
57
8.5 Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State

To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures suggested as
part of the ESMF, the indicative budget is presented below.
58
Table 8.4: Estimated Annual Indicative Budget for ESMF in Imo State
S/No. ESMF Requirements Budget Basis and Total Cost/Annum (N)
Assumptions
1. Capacity Building for PIU Personnel Training Programs held in- 2,500,000.00
country
Meetings, Workshops and Monthly estimated expenses Based on actual expenses
2. Stakeholders Engagement of 5000 each for 2 persons -
per year
3. Environmental Screening of No additional budget No additional budget
transactions
4. Engagement of Specialists Assume specialists may be To be worked out at the
engaged times to investigate commencement of
issues contract/engagement.
5. Field Visits to facility locations Field visits estimated for 2 3,400,000.00
PMU personnel per year
including transportation,
accommodation and daily
allowances.
Meetings, Workshops and No additional budget Based on actual expenses
Stakeholder Engagement
6.
7. ESMP Scoping Workshops ESMP Scoping workshops As part of the ESMP
per year preparation
8. ESMP Reports Assume average cost of each 9,500,00.00
ESMP depending on the
extent of the road
Engagement of Environmental and As part of the EMP
9. Social Specialists preparation
10. Grievance Redress and beneficiary Sundry expenses for 1,200,000.00
feedback management. transportation and other
logistics
11. Monitoring Compliance with ESMP Assume quarterly monitoring 3,000,000.00
on E&S issues during pre-operations activities over 5 days each
and operational activities quarter per year
Sub-Total 19,600,000.00
Contingency 10% of sub-total 1,960,000.00
Total 21,560,000.00
Twenty One Million, Five Hundred and Sixty Thousand Naira Only.
59
Bibliography
Elizabeth Ebi (2015); “Exploring the Resources control Option – Imo State”.
Vanguard Newspaper, June 2, 2015), www.vanguardngr.com.
Environmental and Social Screening of Prioritized 400km of Rural Roads to be
Constructed/Rehabilitated Under RAMP II in Imo State (Final Report), October
2016.
Federal Ministry of Environment (2011): Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for
The Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project covering Abia, Anambra,
Cross River, Edo, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States prepared by Eugene O. Itua.
Federal Ministry of Works (2013); “Compendium Report on Road Infrastructure &
Related Development in Nigeria – An Investor’s Manual”, Pison Housing Company.
FPMU (2008); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rural
Access And Mobility Project, covering Enugu and Osun State - Draft Final Report
(Updated Edition) Prepared By Earth Guard.
FPMU (2012); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) For Rural
Access And Mobility Project, covering Adamawa, Niger, Enugu and Osun States -
Draft Final Report (Updated Edition) Prepared By Eugene O. Itua.
Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project (IUFMP) 2014; “Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF) for Ibadan Urban Flood Management Project
(Final Report)”, Ibadan, Oyo State.
Imo State of Nigeria (2008); Imo State Environmental Transformation Commission
Law No. 3 of 2008, Imo State of Nigeria.
Imo RAMP II (2016); “Identification, Selection and Prioritization of Intervention
Areas and Rural Road Networks (final report)”. Pheman Peniel Consultant, Ikeja-
Lagos.
LAMATA (2009); Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
Towards The Preparation For LUTP II, Prepared By Multiple Development Services,
June.
Ministry Of Local Development, Nepal, (2004): Environmental and Social
Management Framework for Rural Access Improvement Project.
NPC (2006); National Population Census, National Population Commission, Abuja.
The World Bank (2012): Project Appraisal Document On A Second Rural Access
And Mobility Project (RAMP 2) to Federal Republic Of Nigeria Report No: 65586-
NG.
The World Bank (2014); New Country Partnership Strategy in Nigeria Set to Spur
Growth, Less Poverty, Strategy for the Federal Republic of Nigeria 20014 - 2017.
www.worldbank.org/publication.
60
USAID (2009): Environmental Guidelines for Small-Scale Activities in Africa.

World Bank (2010): Environmental And Social Management Framework (ESMF)
Environmental And Social Management Framework For State Expenditure
Effectiveness For Opportunities And Results (SEEFOR) In Niger Delta States
(Bayelsa, Delta, Edo & Rivers) Nigeria Prepared By Eugene Itua
https://www.cgidd.com/
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/imo_state.
61
Appendix 1
Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)
 Use of Country Systems (OP 4.00). The Bank's environmental and social ("safeguard") policies are designed
to avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of projects supported by the Bank.
The Bank encourages its borrowing member countries to adopt and implement systems that meet these
objectives while ensuring that development resources are used transparently and efficiently to achieve
desired outcomes. To encourage the development and effective application of such systems and thereby
focus on building borrower capacity beyond individual project settings, the Bank is piloting the use of
borrower systems in Bank-supported projects. The key objective of the pilot program is to improve overall
understanding of implementation issues related to greater use of country systems. To be used where, in the
Bank’s judgment, the country’s system would materially satisfy the objectives and operational principles of
the applicable Bank policies. Using country systems enhances country ownership and thus the sustainability
of development programs. In addition, using country systems can lower transaction costs and increase aid
effectiveness by providing a natural focal point for Supporter efforts to harmonize their processes.
 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessment
of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to
determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process. This environmental process will apply to all sub-
projects to be funded by RAMP.
 Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and
enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not support
projects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for
the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project
substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the environmental assessment indicates that a project
would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project includes mitigation measures acceptable
to the Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss (e.g. strategic habitat
retention and post-development restoration) and establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar
protected area. The Bank accepts other forms of mitigation measures only when they are technically justified.
Should the sub-project-specific ESMPs indicate that natural habitats might be affected negatively by the
proposed sub-project activities with suitable mitigation measures, such sub-projects will not be funded under
the RAMP .
 Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and environmentally sound pest
management. It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made
of the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective,
and environmentally sound pest management. This policy will most likely not apply to RAMP
 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result
from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i)
relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of
livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary
restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the
livelihoods of the displaced persons. The ESMF and RPF reports discuss the applicability of this policy in
detail.
 Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit
from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects
on indigenous peoples. Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the
informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Sub-projects that would have negative impacts
on indigenous people will not be funded under RAMP.
 Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects: (a)
projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights
and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that
aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations,
62
whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. The Bank does not finance projects that, in its
opinion, would involve significant conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical
habitats. If a project involves the significant conversion or degradation of natural forests or related natural
habitats that the Bank determines are not critical, and the Bank determines that there are no feasible
alternatives to the project and its sitting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from
the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, the Bank may finance the project provided that it
incorporates appropriate mitigation measures. Sub-projects that are likely to have negative impacts on
forests will not be funded under RAMP.
 Physical Cultural Properties (OP 4.11). Assist in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their
destruction or damage. PCR includes resources of archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural,
religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance. This policy
addresses physical cultural resources, 1 which are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures,
groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological,
historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be
located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest
may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Physical cultural
resources are important as sources of valuable scientific and historical information, as assets for economic
and social development, and as integral parts of a people’s cultural identity and practices. It is Implemented
as an element of the Environmental Assessment. RAMP will not fund sub-projects that will have negative
impacts on cultural property.
 Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropriate
measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding
sources or construction status. The Bank distinguishes between small and large dams. Small dams are
normally less than 15 m in height; this category includes, for example, farm ponds, local silt retention dams,
and low embankment tanks. For small dams, generic dam safety measures designed by qualified engineers
are usually adequate. This policy does apply to RAMP 1 since the policy is not triggered under the project.
 Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of
riparian’s is essential for the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches great
importance to riparian’s making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part
thereof. Projects that trigger this policy include hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage,
water and sewerage, industrial, and similar projects that involve the use or potential pollution of
international waterways. This policy will not apply to RAMP.
 Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur the Bank and its member countries as
well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a
proposed project is located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage. The Bank attempts to
acquire assurance that it may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments concerned agree
that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed can go forward without prejudice to the
claims of the country having a dispute. This policy is not expected to be triggered by sub-projects. This policy
is unlikely to be triggered by sub-projects to be funded by RAMP.
 Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50).Supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public
access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. Mandated by six safeguard policies
that have specific requirements for disclosure in country (Before project appraisal in local language and in
English) and World Bank InfoShop (Before project appraisal in English). Documents can be in draft but must
meet WB standards).

63
Appendix 2
Minutes of Stakeholders’ Meeting Held with the Imo Rural Access and Mobility Project 2
(Imo RAMP 2), on Friday 9th of September, 2016.
Venue: Imo RAMP II Project Office, Owerri, Imo State.
1. ATTENDANCE
List attached (as below)
2. INTRODUCTION
The stakeholders meeting was anchored by Engr. John Uzor (State Project Coordinator of RAMP 2)
began precisely at 10.45am with the opening prayer by Hon. Ojiaka Obinna – the Transition
Chairman of Ikeduru Local Government Area.
The various participants were given the opportunity for self-introduction while Engr. Uzor
introduced to the house the essence of the meeting and also the consultant for the assignment.
He stated that the consultant was sent by the FPMU to review and update the Environmental and
Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the RAMP 2
to include Imo State (new state) preparatory to the effective take-off of the project in the State.
The State Project Coordinator (Engr. Uzor) also appreciated all the stakeholders for honouring the
invitation inspite of the short notice particularly all the Transition Chairmen (TCs) of Local
Governments. He equally appreciated all the MDAs including federal agencies (NESREA) and the
staff of the SPIU for their commitment and cooperation which is very germane to fostering good
relationship during implementation of the RAMP 2 project in Imo State.
He also explained to the participants the current state of the RAMP 2 with respect to Imo State and
the intention of the RAMP 2 projects toward the construction of selected and prioritized 401.1km of
rural roads across the State in order to enhance rural transportation, improve transportation of farm
produce and also access to social infrastructure amongst other benefits.
3. THE PURPOSE OF THE MEETING

The Consultant, Mr. Ogunsawe David explained to the stakeholders the purpose of the meeting with
regard to the concept of sustainable development, the rationale for sustainable development together
with the World Bank’s standard for sustainable environment in all its sponsored projects particularly
as it relates to involuntary resettlement. Also, the need to ensure compliance to the World Bank
principle on safeguards in project preparation activities was also discussed.
It was generally agreed that since the majority of the rural people of Imo State are predominantly
farmers, the various sub-project activities of the RAMP 2 would tremendously improve livelihood,
easy transportation of agricultural produce and more importantly eradicate poverty in the rural
communities across the State (Imo).
Therefore, the issues of ESMF and RPF were enumerated with its advantages to solve both possible
environmental and social concerns as a result of the RAMP 2 projects implementation.
4. THE EXPECTED ROLES AND CAPACITY OF MDA

The State Coordinator (Engr. Uzor) however, informed the participants of the desire of the SPIU to
adhere to best engineering standard in the design, construction, monitoring and maintenance.
However, Barrister Innocent Anuebunwa (Representing the Transition Chairman of Onuiro Local
Government) spoke about the issue of compensation for the PAPs while the State Coordinator also
took time to assure of the adequacy of the State to fully compensate any PAP.
Also, Mr. Ojinaka Obinna a Director of Planning in the Supervising Ministry-Ministry of Local
Government enumerated the environmental and social consequences of affected trees while Engr.
Bassel Nwogwugwu mentioned the issue of compensation for PAPs whose structures would be
affected as a result of the project activities. They were both assured of the strict adherence to global
best practice and smooth compensation.
In the areas of public enlightenment, Mr. Cliffors Orji, the Transitional Chairman of Nwangele Local
Government requested its fellow Local Government Chairmen to ensure adequate sensitization to
ensure cooperation by project communities while soliciting for proper assessment and adherence to
engineering design for the project.
The NESREA Representative, Mr. Stanley Onwuizor raised the possibility of erosion due to the
nature of the soil during project activities and the need to inculcate discharge pits to collect run-offs in
communities that does not have storm water collection infrastructure.
The Transitional Chairman of Ikeduru Local Government, Engr. Obinna Nshirim equally advocated
for the inclusion of local contractors and youths during project implementation, the SPIU
Coordinator, Engr. Uzor however promised to looked into the matter with the assurance that the
quality of the project would never be compromised.
5. CONCLUSION
Engr. Orji of Nwangele Local Government Area expressed his profound appreciation for the
inclusion of the State in RAMP 2 and also pledged the commitment of the Local Government
Chairmen toward ensuring the success of the project in the State. He equally, appreciated the
Consultant for the enlightenment while thanking other agencies such as NESREA, NEWSMAP (Imo
State) for their support and assured the SPIU Coordinator of the continuous support of all the Local
Government Areas and other agencies toward ensuring the successfulness of the project across the
State.
6. CLOSING REMARKS
The State Project Coordinator- Engr. Uzor appreciated the participants for honoring his
invitation and their active participation and also the Consultants for taking the pains to explain the
essence of the assignment.
He stated that the project was still in the preparation stage and there would still be need to call people
for meetings as occasion demands.
7. CLOSING
The meeting ended at around 1.25pm after the closing prayer.
65
Appendix 3
Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix and Checklist for Environmental Impact Prediction
1. Sample Road Improvements Environmental and Social Interaction Matrix
Impact Category Physical Resources Ecological Systems Landscape Socio-Economic
Activities
Ground water Quantity

Surface Water Quantity
Ground Water Quality
Exceptional Resources
Surface Water Quality
Costs to Communities
Animal Harassment
Ecological Function
Wildlife Movement
Wilderness Quality
Human Settlement
Carrying Capacity
Visitor Experience
Debris Deposition
Benefit to Agency
Species Diversity
Soil Compaction
Tourist industry
Habitat Change
Disease Vectors
Local Economy
Cost to Agency
Tropical Forest
Surface Runoff
Scenic Quality
Risks/Hazard
Compatibility
Alien species
Employment
Noise Levels
Topography
Soil Erosion
Dust Levels
Hydrology
Vegetation
Benefits to
Viewshed
Wetlands
Poaching
Drainage
Siltation
Health
/ l
Construction
Vegetation clearing
Construction camp
Transportation/
Logistics
Noise and vibration
Air pollution
Material
excavation/quarry
management
Loss of farmland
Cutting & filling
Blasting
Distortion of
drainages/water
channels
Vulnerability to
natural hazards,
landslides/slips, soil
erosion
Storage of
diesel/oils
Waste management
Land availability
Loss of structures
Loss of livelihood
Impacts on
infrastructure
Vehicular traffic &
accident
Security breaches
Issues of Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases (STDs)
Water use
Operation
Vehicle traffic
Movement
Road maintenance
Maintenance of
machinery
Tourist activities
Waste management
Off-road driving
De-commissioning
Ripping old road
Shaping
Revegetation
Legend: Impact Rating (Low, Medium & High; Adverse (x), Beneficial Impact Level (n)
Key
Minor Negative Impact Positive Impact
Major Negative Impact No Impact
Entries in the matrix cells represent the nature and preliminary ranking of the severity of the impact. Ranking of the severity is
based on the following scale and symbols;
(a) Major – (2)

(b) Minor- (1)
(c) Negligible and / or no effect-(i.e. ,a zero)
(d) Positive (+)
In addition, colour-codes will also be applied to the matrix cell, with red denoting high negative, yellow denoting low negative,
white; no impact and green denoting positive impact respectively.
67
Appendix 4
List of Stakeholders Consulted During The Updating of the ESMF in Imo State
List of those consulted during the updating of ESMF in Imo State
S/N Name Organization Designation Telephone Mail
o
1. Engr. Obinna Ikeduru Local Transition Chairman 08033450733
Nshirim Gvernment
2. Barr. N. Anebunwa Onuimo Local Transition Chairman 07033577105
Government
3. Hon. Clifford Orjiako Orlu Zone Representative of 08033403030
Transition Chairmen
in Orlu Zone
4. Ihejiakor Stanley Ministry of Local Budget Office 070656645528
Government and
Rural Development
5. Ojiaka Obinna “ DPRA 08038980090 obinojiaka@gmail.com
6. Amunwa Ogunaya T. Imo RAMP II M&E 08035527408 tadyoguns@yahoo.com
7. Kenneth Y. ike “ Arc. Specialist 08034377153 Iheken2002@yahoo.com
8. Engr. Nwaogwugwu “ Infra. Engr. 08035778032 Behfields2000@yahoo.com
Basil
9. Engr. Ozurumba “ Infra. Engr. 08037973205 determinedtodo@yahoo.com
Kelechi O.
10. Anyiam Okechukwu “ Proj. Admin. Officer 08037671404 Syndicate4all@yahoo.com
11. Ezeigwe Ihuoma U. “ Proj. Internal Auditor 08038902632 ihuomaezeigwe@yahoo.com
12. Oduah Ihinomso C. “ Project Accountant 08035124966 Chinomso.oduah@yahoo.com
13. Ogboji Kelechukwu NESREA (South- Scientific Officer 08034240299 Kelwon22@yahoo.com
East,, Zone 1
Division), Owerri
14. Onwuzo Stanley C. “ Scientific Officer 08033128426 sonwuzoo@yahoo.com
15. Iwuagwu Ogechi Imo RAMP Safeguards Specialist 07033015164 ogechiiwuagwu@gmail.com
II/NEWMAP
16. Engr. Victor Imo SPC 08034871860 Ogavictor2005@yahoo.com
Anueyiagu O. NEWMAP/Ministry
of Environment &
Agriculture
17. Engr. J.C. Uzor Imo RAMP II SPC 08037128619 uzorjohn53@yahoo.com
18. Uzoma C. Ijeoma Accountant General Head, Imo PFMU 08035057196 Ijeomauzoma247@yahoo.com
Office
19. Etumnu Matthew C. Imo NEWMAP 08063488134 Mattchidi9@yahoo.com
20. Ogunsawe, David A. Geo-Solution Environmental 08028280819 davesawe@gmail.com
Providers Ltd. Specialist/RAMP II
Consultant
21. Lemchi Omasirichi Imo RAMP II Environmental & 08038236476 omaslemchy@yahoo.com
Social Officer
22. Engr. Ezeasoibe Felix “ MISS 08035512278 zeelixonline@yahoo.com
Appendix 5
Indicative Environmental and Social Code of Conduct and Clauses for Contractors
1. Environmental and Social Code of Conduct for Rural Access Infrastructure Development
Environmental and
S/No. Potential Impact Codes of Conduct
Social Issues
Pre-construction/Construction Phase
 Road alignment may pass through cultivated and forested
land resulting in a permanent loss of the resources.  Plan road alignment to minimize loss of resources.
1. Land Use  While the landowner has to part away with his land  Avoid width of road of more than 4.5 m in hilly area.
ownership, the environmental effects can amplify if proper  Demarcate RoW to avoid encroachment.
operation and maintenance schedules are overruled.
 Excess extraction of local resources, such as wood, sand, soil,
boulders, etc.
 Extract materials only on need basis.
 Degradation of forests, erosion and landslide at steep locales
2. Material Use  Avoid sensitive areas, such as steep slopes and
due to boulder, stone extraction.
water-ways.
 Change in river/stream ecosystem due to unchecked sand
extraction.
 Extract carefully and secure the top soil within 25 cm
from the surface.
 Extraction of forest products and cutting of trees in the steep  Limit down grading of the road to 50.
slopes increases soil erosion/landslide due to loss of soil  If down grading exceeds 70, construction of side
binding materials. drainage is necessary.
 Wrong alignment can trigger slope failure  Keep optimum balance in extraction and filling of
3. Slope Stability
 Haphazard disposal of construction waste can disturb soil works.
slopes  geo-hazardous assessment and mapping
 Improper drainage facilities can result in erosion and  Use designated disposal site and avoid side casting
landslides of spoil
 Provide proper drainage
 Use bio-engineering on exposed slopes
 Avoid as much as possible areas with high
biodiversity.
 Efficient movement of machinery and other traffic.
 Wildlife habitats at forests, shrub land along road alignment
 Control poaching activities and regulate movement
are affected from the road construction activities.
4. Wildlife of labor force and their dependents into the forest area.
 Wildlife and human conflicts increase as wildlife might
 District Forest Office and its subsidiary body should
destroy the crops or attack the construction worker.
be involved in monitoring the activities of the
construction workers and officials to minimize wildlife
harassing, trapping and poaching.
 It is strongly recommended that the cross drainage
 Higher flow rate of surface water and water logging induce
outlets must be channeled to the confirmed natural
landslides and erosion.
5. Drainage drains.
 Quality of road diminishes due to poor drainage such as
 If horizontal slope exceeds 5%, construction of flow
water logging, immense flow rate of surface water.
control device necessary every 20m.
 Use minimum and efficient use of wood products for
 Protected areas and highly forested areas. construction.
 Degradation of forest areas.  Initiate plantation at damaged and damage prone
6. Protection of Vegetation
 Degradation of agricultural land. areas.
 Increase liability of local forest user groups.
 Avoid protected areas or densely forested areas
 Selected spoil dumping sites should be used.
 After disposal, the area should be leveled and
compacted.
Disposal of Construction
7.  Dumping of wastes along the road or elsewhere.  It is recommended to conserve the soil by planting
Wastes
indigenous plants including grasses.
 Wastes could also be used as leveling materials
along the roadside.
Disposal of Sanitary  Unmanaged sanitary waste disposal creating health  Proper sanitation area needs to be demarked.
8.
Wastes problems and public nuisance.  Check for hygiene of work force.
Impacts on amenities  Road crossings at water supply, irrigation lines may be  Avoid as much as possible the crossing over such
9.
along RoW disturbed/damaged. amenities.
 Dust generation from construction activities, construction  Possibly construction period should be during
vehicular movement increases air pollution. August to December when soil moisture content is most.
10. Pollution
 Noise pollution likely from construction machinery  Consider construction of road at 50 m from
operation and vehicular movement. settlement.
Environmental and
Social Issues
 Sanitary problems likely at the construction and workforce  Enforce speed limit of vehicles and construct the
quarters. road according to volume and size of traffic movement.
 Ensure that contractors sign the code of conduct.
 Engaging in child exploitation
Child abuse including  Ensure zero tolerance to any form of child abuse.
11.  Workforce engaging in sexual and physical abuse of minors
sex and violence  Monitor the adherence to the code of conduct.
 Violence against minors
 Issue stiff penalties to non-adherence.
 Ensure that contractors sign the code of conduct.
Violence against  Sexual and/or physical violence against minors, women and
12.  Monitor the adherence to the code of conduct.
vulnerable groups other vulnerable groups
 Issue stiff penalties to non-adherence.
 Use existing traditional methods to address
13. Grievance Mechanism  Sub-project activities likely to result in grievances. grievances.
 Set time-frame for grievance redress and response.
 Ensure continuous information dissemination on
environmental and social risks using appropriate
 Information not properly disseminated.
14. Communication local media (print and electronic).
 Likelihood of not using appropriate communication channel
 Disseminate information in local languages for
wider coverage.
 Exposure of vulnerable population including women and
Protection of vulnerable  Adherence to code of conduct.
15. minors to forms of abuse including exploitation, sex and
population  Integrate CBOs/NGOs in monitoring activities.
violence.
 Ensure compliance to native customs.
 Ensure workers and contractors obey native
 Influx of diverse workforce may likely infringe on cultural
customs.
Cultural practices and values and resources.
16.  Avoid impacts due to project.
resources  Sub-project activities may affect cultural resources such as
 Protection of boundaries from impacts due to
trees, shrines, graves etc.
construction.
 Relocation in case impacts are unavoidable.
 Considerations should be given (where possible) to
local labour.
 Non-consideration of local skills.
17. Exclusion of local people  Certain contracts viz; supply of construction
materials e.g. granites, sand, planks etc should be
considered for the local people.
 Develop and implement a sound traffic
management plan.
 Liaise with project communities on alternative roads
Road safety and traffic  Likely closure and detour. and timing of possible closures and detours.
18.
management  Increase in road accident due to construction activities.  Install safety signages in appropriate places
including the interpretation in local languages.
 Deploy dedicated staff for road/traffic monitoring.
 Install ramp where necessary.
 Develop and implement a roboust STIs campaign.
 Embark on sensitization programme targeting
 Sexual interactions during project may lead to the youths and other vulnerable groups such as girls
Campaign on STIs
19. transmission of STIs including HIV/AIDS in project and sexually active women, the commercial sex
including HIV/AIDS
communities. workers– in collaboration with the National
HIV/AIDS Coordination Agency (NACA) on
protection and treatment.
 Workforce migration may exacerbate pressure on available  Give adequate employment consideration to local
Overstretching of social infrastructure (accommodation, transport etc). population.
20.
infrastructure  Likely upsurge in the prices of goods and services due to  Where possible contractors to provide means of
population avalanche. transportation to workforce.
Operation Phase
1. Encroachment  Unmanaged settlement, construction along the RoW.  Establish RoW properly and enforce its limits.
 Cross drain structures, namely pipe culverts, slab
culverts, box culverts, need to be maintained.
 Outlet of these structures would be carrying the
Interruption of Water  Concentrated flow left unattended might have severe impact
2. concentrated run off flow of the respective catchment,
Flow along RoW at the downhill alignment of the road.
which will be quite high during rainy season, which in
turn would require proper planning of drainage
systems.
 Dust generation from vehicular movement increases air  Enforce speed limit of vehicles.
Pollution/Vehicular
3. pollution.  Maintain traffic size movement.
emission
 Noise pollution likely from vehicular movement.  Discourage use of horns.
 Road construction is likely to increase landscape scars along  Such damage cannot be avoided but can be
4. Aesthetics
the road alignment. minimized through re-plantation of indigenous species
Environmental and
Social Issues
 In addition if the construction spoils are disposed off and greenery development.
improperly, the ground vegetation would be destroyed which
will be visible from a distance.
 Install traffic signs and specify speed limits for
appropriate places.
Increased traffic and  Better road condition would increase vehicular traffic and the  Construct speed breakers.
5.
vehicular accident rate of accident due to over-speeding.  Where possible, traffic signs would be interpreted
in local languages.

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Public Disclosure Authorized

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA

IN IMO STATES, NIGERIA.

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

SECOND RURAL ACCESS & MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP 2)

CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER TWO:POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAME WORK 3

CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 9

CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTIONS OF BASELINE CONDITIONS OF STATES 14

CHAPTER FIVE: FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT

5.6 Integrating Mitigation Measures In Project Designs and Tender Documents 28

CHAPTER SIX : PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 3 4

CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION MEASURES 38

CHAPTER EIGHT : INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION 47

Table E1: Table E1: Matrix for the ESMF Implementation x

Figure 5.1: Environmental Screening Process 19

AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Development Agency)

ILO International Labour Organization

PMU Project Management Unit

ES 2: Project Components and Objective

 Component 1 – Project Preparation Facility Advance,

E3: Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks

E4: Environmental, Social Screening and Assessment

E5: Stakeholders Identification

3. Approval of the SPIU Coordinator  ESS‐PIU  FMEnv

Report validation and  Procurement  FMEnv

E76: Indicative Budget for the ESMF Implementation in Imo State

Table E2: Annual Indicative Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State

Estimated Annual Budget to Implement ESMF in Imo State

1.0 Project Background

1.1 Project Beneficiaries

1.2 The RAMP II Project

 Component 1 – Project preparation facility advance

 Component 2 – Upgrading and rehabilitation of rural transport infrastructure

1.3 Purpose of the ESMF

Table 2.1: Environmental Laws in Nigeria

2.1 The World Bank Environmental and Social Guidelines

2.2 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines

 Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

 Category C - Projects are mostly likely to have minimal or no adverse

 Category F1- A proposed project is classified as Category F1 if it involves

It is especially made responsive with regard to the followings: early consideration of

3.1 Project Components

3.2 Applicable Safeguard Policies

Table 3.1: RAMP II and Likely Triggered Safeguard Policies

3.3 Road Selection in Imo State for the RAMP II

The maps of RAMP II participating States are also presented below.

Map 2b: Niger State RAMP 2 Roads

Map 3a: Adamawa RAMP 2 LGAs/Km

Map 4b: Imo RAMP 2 Roads

3.4 Analysis of Institutional Capacity

4.1 Project Location

Kaduna Bauchi Gom be

Abia North-w est.sh p

300 0 300 600 Kilometers

4.2 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions of the RAMP II States

Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States

Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States

Baseline Conditions in the RAMP II States

If impacts are of category A, project

Does the sub-project Are EA guidelines

Adverse, irreversible, severe Environmental statement