1

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Wet rice agriculture is the cultivation of rice by planting on dry land, transferring

the seedlings to a flooded field, and draining the field before harvesting. Public concern

about the consequences on non-family owned and operated industrialized farms for

communities dates back to the 1930’s ( Boles and Rupnow 1979 ). The first published

research on the topic appeared in the 1930’s : Since them, government and academic

researchers have produced numerous studies showing the potential for adverse impact on

community life. Also Boles and Rupnow (1979:471) state that public concern about

cooperated influence in farming began in the period when concern about large, publicly

held corporation centered on fears about the effect of merchanization, foreclose of farm

land mortgages held by corporations, and corporate monopoly of land.

Recently, research on industrialized farming has assumed new importance

because farm belt states are facing challenges to their corporate farming laws

(Pittman,2008) challenges to their corporate farming laws hinges on social science

research: to what extent does the body of research find that industrialized farming poses

risk to community? Evidence for adverse effects beyond economic lines, particularly

social impact, and across historical periodical is needed to state claims that regulating

industrialized farming is warranted in the public interest. A problem, however is that no

recent journal articles systematically assess whether extant research provides evidence of

these effects ( Lobao,2007).

 2

Most increases in food production were achieved on the same agricultural land.

(Pretty,J 2011). Several studies have been conducted about the contribution of rice

farming to the human being and certain places to the world. There have been positive and

negative effects to other studies. According to the study of Lobao (2000) that was

updated by Stofferahn (2006) studies assessing consequences for the social fabric of

communities were likely to find detrimental impacts.

The above studies, however did not find out the positive and negative effects of

rice farming to the farmers to the farmers in their respective communities.

Thus, aim of this research paper was to determine the effects of rice-farming to

the farmers of Alabat,Quezon. It also presented if farming have a positive impact.

Background of the Study

Lobao and Stofferahn (n.d) wrote that social scientists have a long history of

concern with the effect of industrialized farming on communities.

Bartra (1974) stated in her study that the tenacity of family-farming household in agrarian

economies experiencing capitalist penetration has long figured in a debate about the

ultimate consequences of such penetration for social structure.

Studies have shown that the effect of rice-farming to the farmers was hotly

contested. Farming is universal and it has a long history of what the agrarian economies

has experienced as the ultimate consequences of such penetration for social structure.

Community manifest itself in farm practices, farm business and enterprise, and

farmers interaction with the law. Everybody eats and when one grow and harvests food
 3

he or she is the starting point for that. But what might be surprising is how much of their

lives as farmers are deeply community oriented.

Hoang, et al (2006) found out that many factors such as ethnicity, gender, socio-

economic status, and power relations determine one’s access to information and

resources. Development workers inadequate understanding of local social networks,

norms and power relations may further the interests of better-off farmers and marginalize

the poor.

Statement of the Problem

The general statement of this study is to find out the effects of rice-farming to the

farmers in Alabat, Quezon.

In order to achieve the objectives of this research study, the following research

question will be needed:

1. What is the demographic profile of rice-farmers in Alabat, Quezon in terms of;

1.1 Sexual Status

1.2 Civil Status

2. What are the effects of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of;

1.1 Financial Status

1.2 Health Status

3. Which among of the variables has a the most effect to the farmers?

4. Is there a significant difference between the effects of rice-farming to the farmers

in Alabat, Quezon in terms of;

3.1 Sex
 4

3.2 Civil Status

Significance of the Study

This research paper was intended to benefit the researchers, students, farmers, and

the community of Alabat, Quezon.

Department of Agriculture

To the staff of department of agriculture this study will be their basis for them to

know the status of the rice-farmers and to plan and implemented program and projects of

rice-farming improvement and life of farmers.

Municipal Authorities

This study may serve as a basis in planning in development well as in

implementation of program and projects of Alabat farmers.

Farmers

All the farmers will be more knowledgeable about the positive and negative

effects in planting rice to their financial and health status and be more encouraged in

attending seminar-workshops on planting rice.

Community

This study is also significant to the community of Alabat, Quezon because it will

present the information that they can use if they are also interested in rice farming.

School Administration
 5

The administrators will be informed with the effect of rice farming to the people

living in Alabat, Quezon. They may provide the agricultural course for the students.

Teachers

To the teachers it helps themto forreference if they have a topic related to the

study, specially the agriculture teacher.

Students

Students will get a knowledge on how the rice farming affects the lives of a

farmers.

Future Researchers

It will also serve as the reference of the future researchers in conducting

additional study.

Researchers

To the researchers this study answers their curiosity about the effects of rice-

farming to the farmers. The researchers also get some knowledge about it. The results of

this study would serve as a basis on their recommendation.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study was confined to survey responses of the one hundred forty

one (141) Alabat farmers planting rice only. They are sufficient limitations since the

respondents are only living in Alabat, Quezon but selected to the different Barangays.

This study if there was significance difference between the effects of rice-farming to the
 6

farmers in Alabat, Quezon in terms of sex and status. It was intended to determine the

effects of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon in terms of financial and health.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were conceptually defined for the better understanding of the

readers.

Capital- it is the financial support that that helps to build a business.

Farmers- a person who owns, works on or operates an agricultural enterprise, either

commercially or to sustain himself or his family.

Financial Status- refers to the income. wants, needs,and capital.

Food Production- preparing food in which raw materials are transformed into ready -

maid food products for human consumption either in the home on in the food processing

industries.

Health Status- refers to malnourished child, gain strength, skin diseases, diabetes,

headaches, vomit, nerve irritation, and mild stroke.

Wet rice agriculture- is the cultivation of rice by planting on dry land, transferring the

seedlings to a flooded field, and draining the field before harvesting.

 7

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The summaries of literature and studies related to the variables of the research

title are presented in this chapter. This also includes conceptual framework, research

paradigm and the hypothesis of the study.

Over the past half century, agricultural production gains across the world have

helped millions of people to escape poverty, removed the threat of starvation and

provided a platform for rural and urban economic growth in many countries. The green

revolution drove this production growth with new varieties, inputs, water management

and rural infrastructure. Most increases in food production were achieved on the same

agricultural land. (Pretty,J 2011). Several studies have been conducted about the

contribution of rice farming to the human being and certain places to the world. There

have positive and negative effects to other studies. According to the study of Lobao

(2000) that was updated by Stofferahn (2006) studies assessing consequences for the

social fabric of communities were likely to find detrimental impacts. Industrialized

farming affects the social fabric of communities through altering population size and

social composition which affect crime, social conflict, family stability, the local class

structure, community participation, and local shopping patterns. But according to Sinha

(2000) agriculture in its broadest sense remains the most important sector of the society

even though its contribution to economy might have declined. Agriculture remains and

will remain the source of food supply in the world.

 8

Financial Status

The study of Ol-Osta et al. (2010) stated that agricultural economics literature

indicates farm subsidies tend to become capitalize into land values, and land is a

significant part of the farm balance sheet and the main component in the farm household

wealth. Some farmers depend on the government subsidies to augment household income

and usually approach retirement slowly. However, wealth, and indirectly government

subsidies, may be influential in farm transfers to family members.

According to Stofferahn (2006), socioeconomic well-being, industrialized

farming was related to higher income inequality and to lower community employment,

relative to moderate-size family farming. Higher income inequality indicates that

industrialized farming is less likely to sustain middle-class communities. Places with

higher income inequality also are prone to other social problems because the gap between

affluent and poor is greater. With regard to other socioeconomic impacts, such as total

income injected into the community, regional economic impact models were likely to

report beneficial impacts. However, the findings for income inequality suggest that

income growth is impeded in trickling down to families.

In the study of Black et al. (2001), agritourism appears to be a good income

generator and relatively easy to do. Those in the farm business, which are mostly in the

eastern part of the state, are more concerned with agricultural income fluctuations and

loss of government support.

 9

According to the study of Kinkingninhoun, Diagre, and Biaou (n.d) that using

credit in rice farming has positive and significant impact on farmers rice field, rice

output, rice income,per capita income, annual household income and per capita annual

household income.

Health Status

In the study of Alfvn et.al (2006), the farming environment appeared to provide

more consistent protection against rhino conjunctivitis and sensitization than against

asthma and other atopic diseases. Farm children are more exposed to micro-organisms

related to livestock animals, which has been proposed to protect against developing

sensitization and allergic diseases. In addition, long-term and early life exposure to

stables and farm milk has been shown to protect against the development of asthma,

rhino conjunctivitis and atopic sensitization.

Pingali et al. (1994) stated that farmers and agricultural workers face acute and

chronic health effects due to prolonged exposure to pesticides. Eye, skin pulmonary,

neurologic, and gastro intestinal problems are associated with long-term pesticide

exposure. "Community and residential gardening, as well as small-scale farming promote

nutrition and free household income for non-garden foods and other needs". (Bellows &

Brown, 2003. para. 4)

Bellows and Brown (2003) stated that gardening and food production is good

exercise. It has been connected to reducing risks of obesity (children and adults),

coronary heart disease (for women and for men, notably menopausal women and elderly
 10

males), glycemic control and diabetes (adults, elderly men, Mexicans and Mexican-

Americans), and occupational injuries (railway workers).

These studies were all about the contributions and effects of farming or

agriculture to the human being. Most researches showed the good effect of farming to the

people all the around the world. It was included the effect to income, and health of the

farmers. But there have a study that showed that in rice farming have also negative

effects to the farmers.

Conceptual Framework

The demographic profile of the rice-farmers in Alabat, Quezon and their financial

and health status serve as the bases for the framework of their study The researchers hope

to present what will be the effects of rice-farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Rice-Farmers in Effects of Rice-

Alabat, Quezon. The Farming to the Farmers in
demographic profile in terms of;
terms of;
 Financial Status
 Sexual Status
 Health Status
 Civil Status
Difference Effects of
Rice-Farming to Farmers in
terms of;

 Sexual Status
 Civil Status

Figure1. Effects of Rice-Farming to the Farmers

 11

The conceptual framework of this study presents the independent and dependent

variables. As shown in the paradigm in figure 1 the independent variable is rice-farming

and the dependent variable is the effects to farmers.

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the effect of rice farming to the farmers

of Alabat, Quezon.

There is no significant difference between the effects of rice farming to the sexual

and civil status.

 12

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study used the correlational method of research which refers to determine the

relationship of two variables. The Rice-Farmers in Alabat, Quezon, sex and civil status is

the independent variable while the effects of Rice-Farming to the Farmers in terms of

financial status and health status is the dependent variable.

To determine the effects of rice-farming to the farmers, the researchers used

questionnaire as the instrument to know why the two variable are related.

Population

The target population of this study is the farmers come from Alabat, Quezon. The

population of rice farmers in eight (8) barangays are two hundred thirty five (235). the

respondents were chosen utilizing the purposive sampling. The respondents that willing

to participate in the study.

To determine the number of respondents of the study. The researchers used

Slovin’s Formula.

Sampling Procedure

To determine the number of respondents of the study, Slovin’s formula as follows

was used:
 13

Slovin’s Formula

n = N

1 +Ne^2

n = 235

1 +(235)(0.05)^2

= 235

1 +(235)(0.0025)

= 235

1.5875

n=141

Where:

n = sample size

N = population size

e = margin of error (1% to 5%)

Thus, there were 141 respondents of this study. The number of representatives from the

farmers of Alabat, Quezon.

 14

Instrument

Researchers used a survey-type questionnaire to answer the effects of rice farming

to the farmers in Alabat, Quezon. A 8-item questions for the financial status and 10-item

of question for the health status. One hundred forty-one (141) sheets of questionnaire.

The instrument that was used by the researchers to gather the needed data.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers presented a letter of request noted by the researchers’ subject

teacher in Practical Research II of Senior High School Department of Alabat Island

National High School seeking permission to conduct the study for the target respondents.

The researchers personally distributed the questionnaire to the one hundred forty-one

(141) respondents. This study was conducted through giving questionnaire to their

specific respondent per Barangay in Alabat, Quezon.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers used percentage (demographic profile) to determine the total

percentage of the respondents. The mean (descriptive statistics) was used to determine

the effects of rice-farming to the farmers, Paired T – tests or the dependent T test was

used to determine the significant difference between the effect of farming in terms of

gender. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of rice farming

to the farmers in Alabat, Quezon, the significant difference between the effects of

farming in terms of gender and civil status to financial and health status. With the help of

Special Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

 15

Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter focuses on the method of presenting the data gathered in the study

through questionnaire from the respondents. The data was analyzed using frequency,

descriptive statistic,T-test and ANOVA.

Table 1. The Demographic Profile of the Farmers

Civil Status
Percentage (%) Frequency
Single 18.0 24
Married 72.9 97
Widow 9.0 12
Total 100 133
Gender
Percentage (%) Frequency
Male 75.7 106
Female 24.3 34
Total 100 140

Table 1 shows that most of the farmers are married with the seventy-three percent

(73 %). next was single with eighteen percent (18%) and the lowest were widow with

nine percent (9%).

For the sexual Status of the farmers, it depicts that there are more male farmers, with

seventy-six percent (76%) for male, than female with twenty-four percent (24%).

Table 2.1 The Effects of Rice-Farming to Farmers on Financial Status

Financial Status
 16

Questionnaire No. Mean Rank

3. Planting and harvesting rice help us to lessen the

141 4.4823
expenses in buying foods. 1

7. I can provide the needs of my family (e.g. food and

141 4.3050
clothes). 2

4. I can support the education of my children through

140 4.2143
the help of rice farming. 3

5. I can provide the needs of my family in terms of

139 4.1223
health (e.g. medicine and hospital bill). 4

1. My income increases because of rice farming. 140 3.9714 5

2. Rice farming helps us to have a capital to build a

140 3.4286
business. 6

6. I can provide the wants of the family (e.g. cellphone

140 3.2714
and television). 7

8. I can save money in the bank. 139 2.6475 8

Table 2.1shown the effects of rice-farming to the farmers in the terms of financial

status. It is defected that the highest effect of the farmers is rice to help lessen expenses

with mean of 4.4823 in buying foods. It has higher effect on provision to family needs

with mean 4.3050. It has high effect on education of their children with mean of 4.2143. It

has least effect on their savings of money in the bank with the mean of 2.6475
 17

According to the study of Kinkingninhoun, Diagre, and Biaou (n.d) that using

credit in rice farming has positive and significant impact on farmers rice field, rice

output, rice income, per capita income, annual household income and per capita annual

household income.Stofferahn (2006) socioeconomic well-being, industrialized farming

was related to higher income inequality and to lower community employment, relative to

moderate-size family farming.

No. of Mean Affecting to the Farmers (FINANCIAL

STATUS)

4.48 2.65

3.27

4.31
3.43

4.21 3.97

4.12

To present more clearly the data above the researchers provided an illustration/

pie chart below.

Figure 2.1 The effects of Rice-Farming to Farmers on Financial Status

Table 2.2 The Effect on Rice-Farming to Farmers on Health Status

 18

Health Status
Questionnaire No. Mean Rank
10. Planting rice help me to gain strength. 138 4.4058 1
11. Rice farming helps us to maintain or

healthy body (e.g. exercising, having a 2

140 4.2857
strong muscle, and increasing shoulder

health.
9. Because of rice farming, I don’t have
138 4.2536
malnourished child. 3
12. Headache occurs every-time I’m
141 3.5106
planting rice because of pesticides and sun. 4
13. Because of pesticides I got a feeling that
140 3.0571
I want to vomit. 5
14. I felt eye and nerve irritations because

of the pesticides that I’m using in planting 140 3.0071 6

rice.
16. When I eat rice it may cause

hypertension especially when the rice using 139 2.6835 7

some pesticides before harvesting.

15. Using of pesticides in planting crops,

the rice got higher amounts of calories so 8

139 2.2158
there are possibilities that can have

diabetes.
18. I got skin disease cause by pesticides. 133 1.8722 9
17. Once, I had mild stroke because of
139 1.7266
using pesticides in planting crops. 10
 19

Table 2.2, reveals the mean result of the effect of rice-farming to the farmers in

terms of health status. It is shown that the most of the respondents agree that planting rice

help the farmers respondent to gain strength with the mean of 4.4058. Out of 141 farmers

respondent, 140 agree with a minimum of 1 and maximum of 5 found out the mean of

farmers respondent that rice-farming help them to maintain or healthy body (e.g.

exercising, having a strong muscle, and increasing shoulder health) with a mean of

4.2857, and 4.2536 mean of the farmers respondents determine that because of rice-

farming, they don’t have malnourished child.

No. of Mean Affecting to the Farmers

(HEALTH STATUS)

4.29; 16%1.73;1.87;
6%
7%
2.22; 8%
4.25; 16%
2.68; 10%

3.51; 13% 3.01; 11%

3.06; 11%

To present more clearly the data above the researchers provided an illustration/

pie chart below

Figure 2.2 The Effect on Rice-Farming to Farmers on Health Status

 20

Table 3.1. The Variable that Affect the Farmers More

N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard Deviation

Financial 141 1.38 5.00 3.81 .60

Status

Health 141 1.40 5.00 3.10 .60

Status

Table 3.1 shows that financial status has more effect to farmers with the mean of

3.81 than health status with the mean of 3.10.

The result is the same to other researches. According to the study of Bellows and

Brown (2003), gardening and food production is good exercise. It also increase muscle

strength and endurance. In the study of Black et al. (2001), they stated that farming helps

and is a good source of income.

 21

Table 4.1 The Significant Difference Between the Effect of Financial and Health

Status to Sexual Status

Variable Affected Sexual Status of Mean SIG. (2- TAILED)

by Rice Farming the Farmers

3.8047 .924
Financial Status Male

3.8162 .924
Female

3.1161 .599
Health Status Male

3.0535 .631
Female

In table 4 it shows that there is no significant difference between the effects of

rice farming in terms of financial and health status to the sexual status of the farmer with

significant 2-tailed value of more than 0.05.

In the study of Elisabeth and Qaim (2012), with the commercialization of

agriculture, women were increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender

disparities in access to productive resources. When new marketing or technological

opportunities emerged, farm production was often centralized under men’s control. This

can have negative implications for women’s ability to generate income as well as for

overall household welfare. Farmer collective action, which had received renewed policy
 22

attention as a mechanism to improve access of small farms to markets and technologies,

could potentially accelerate this trend.

Table 4.2 The Significant Difference Between the Effect of Financial and Health

Status to Civil Status

Variable Affected by Rice

Farming Civil Status Significance

Financial 1.676 .097
Health .206 .743

Table 4.2 reveals that there is no significant difference between the significance

difference between the effects of rice farming in terms of financial and health status to

the civil status of the farmer with significant 2-tailed value of more than 0.05.

Table 5. Significant Difference Between the Effects of Rice Farming to the Farmers in

terms of Sex and Civil status.

Variables Sig. (2-tailed) Decision Interpretation

 23

Compared

Male 0.771

Sex Accept Ho Not Significant

Female 0.790

Civil Status 0.212 Accept Ho Not Significant

Table 7 presents the significance difference between the sex and civil status

conducted. This study has set a .05 level of significance and therefore sex is not

significant because the computed significant value of male is 0.771 and female is 0.790

that was greater than 0.05. Civil status has a computed significant value of 0.212 that

greater than 0.05 therefore it is not significant. It means that the null hypothesis is

accepted. It follows that there is a no significance difference between the effects of rice

farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon to the sex and civil status.

Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 24

This chapter presents the summary and findings based on the analyzed data, the

conclusions made, and the recommendation given.

Summary

The study of the effects of Rice Farming to the Farmers has a long history of what

the agrarian economies experiencing the ultimate consequences of such penetration for

social structure. Many factor such as ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, and power

relations determine one access to information and resources. Farming is one of the

businesses that Filipino are running because of the fertile land in the country.

The effects of rice-farming in terms of financial status found out that planting and

harvesting rice help the rice-farmers to lessen their expenses in buying foods, can support

the education of their children and provide the needs of the family.In terms of health

status shown that planting rice help the farmers to gain strength, maintain or healthy body

(e.g. exercising, having a strong muscle, and increasing shoulder health) and they don't

have malnourished child. These two variables have the same effects to the farmers.

The study computed the significance male and female. The significance

difference between the effects of rice-farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon to the sex

and civil status. The study used the correlational method of research and prefers to

determine the relationship of two variables.The Rice-Farmers in Alabat, Quezon, sex and

civil status is the independent variable while the effects of Rice-Farming to the Farmers

in terms of financial status and health status is the dependent variable. The population of

the research have 141 rice-farmers respondents in eight (8) barangays. The researchers
 25

used Slovin’s formula to determine the number of respondents. The survey-type

questionnaire the researchers used to gathered the data needed.

Findings

The study is a descriptive survey research aimed to determine the effects

of rice-farming to the famers of Alabat, Quezon. Researcher used a survey-type

questionnaire to answer the effects of rice farming to the farmers in Alabat, Quezon. A 8-

item questions for the financial status and 10-item of question for the health status. One

hundred forty-one (141) sheets of questionnaire. The instrument that were used by the

researchers to gather the needed data. The researcher used percentage (demographic

profile) to determine the total percentage of the respondents. The mean (descriptive

statistics) was used to determine the effects of rice-farming to the farmers, Paired T –

tests or the dependent T test was used to determine the significant difference between the

effect of farming in terms of gender. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to

determine the significant difference between the effects of farming in terms of gender

and civil status to financial and health status. The effects of rice farming to the farmers in

Alabat, Quezon was treated with the use of Special

Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

1. The demographic profile of rice-farmers in Alabat, Quezon in terms of; Sexual Status

and Civil Status

Shows that most of the farmers are married, next was single and the lowest was

widow. Sexual Status of the farmers, it depicts that there are more male farmers, than

female.
 26

2. The effect of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of Financial Statusand Health

Status.

The findings of the effects of rice-farming to the farmers in terms of financial and

health status are presented according to the top three indicators in each variable used

questionnaire. Effects of Rice-Farming to the farmers in terms of financial status. It is

presented that the highest mean of the farmers respondents found that the planting and

harvesting in buying foods. The farmers respondent can also provide the needs of the

family (e.g. food and clothes) of the respondents can support the education of their

children trough the help of rice-farming.the effect of rice-farming to the farmers in terms

of health status. It is shown that the most of the respondents agree that planting rice help

the farmers respondent to gain strength. Rice-farming help them to maintain or healthy

body (e.g. exercising, having a strong muscle, and increasing shoulder health) and the

farmers respondents determine that because of rice-farming, they don not have

malnourished child.

3. Variables has the most effect to the farmers

Variables have the most effect of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat, Quezon. It

founds that the two variables was the same effect to the farmers.

4. Significant difference between the effects of rice-farming to the farmers in Alabat,

Quezon in terms of Sex and Civil Status

T-test and ANOVA results proved that the sex and civil status have no significant

effects on the study. It means that the null hypothesis is accepted. It follows that there is a
 27

no significance difference between the effects of rice farming to the farmers of Alabat,

Quezon to the sex and civil status.

Conclusion

Based on the data which have been gathered and analyzed, the researchers arrived

with the following;

1. Rice farming has a significant effect to the financial and health status of the

farmers.

2. Both financial and health status have the same amount of effect to the farmers in

planting rice.

3. There have no significant difference between the effects of rice farming to the

framers in Alabat, Quezon in terms of gender and civil status.

Recommendation

In the light of the finding and conclusion of the study, the following are hereby

recommended:

1 Planting rice can help to increase the income of the family and maintain the

healthy body of a person.

2 The Alabat Island National High School can offer a course that related in rice

farming because it has significant effect.

 28

3 Future researches may use other instruments and adopt different framework and

methodology of measuring the effect of rice farming to the farmers.

 29

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Sinha S. (2000). Education for agriculture in India: Time for a change* . CURRENT SCIENCE,

VOL. 79, NO. 3, 10 AUGUST 2000 . Retrieved on February 3, 2018 from

http://repository.ias.ac.in/35196/1/35196.pdf

Stofferahn C. (2006). Industrialized farming and its relationship to community well-being: An

update of a 2000 report by Linda Lobao. Retrieved on November 20, 2017 from

http://www.und.nodak.edu/misc/ndrural/Lobao%20&%20Stofferahn.pdf
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Appendices

Appendix A- Questionnaire

Effects of Rice Farming to the Farmers of Alabat, Quezon

NAME: SEX:

AGE: STATUS:

Check the statements based on what extend you agree and disagree on it. Yours answers will be

treated confidential and use for research purposes only.

Strongly Agree Neutra Disagre Strongly

Agree l e Disagree
(4)

(5) (3) (2) (1)

1. My income increases because of rice

farming.

2. Rice farming helps us to have a

capital to build a business.

3. Planting and harvesting rice help us

 32

to lessen the expenses in buying foods.

4. I can support the education of my

children through the help of rice

farming.

5. I can provide the needs of my family

in terms of health (e.g. medicine, and

hospital bill).

6. I can provide the wants of my family

(e.g. cellphone, and television).

7. I can provide the needs of my family

(e.g. food, and clothes).

8. I can save money in the bank.

9. Because of rice farming, I don't have

malnourished child.

10. Planting rice help me to gain

strength.

11. Rice farming help us to maintain or

healthy body (e.g. exercising, having a

strong muscle, and increasing shoulder

health).

12. Headache occurs every-time I'm

planting rice because of too much

exposure to pesticides and sun.

 33

13. Because of pesticides I got a feeling

that I want to vomit.

14. I felt eye and nerve irritations

because of the pesticides that I'm using

in planting rice.

15. Using of pesticides in planting

crops, the rice got higher amounts of

calories so there are possibilities that I

can have diabetes.

16. When I eat rice it may cause

hypertension especially when the rice

using some pesticides before

harvesting.

17. Once, I had mild stroke because of

using pesticides in planting crops.

18. I got skin disease cause by

pesticides.

Appendix C- Letter/Waiver

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Region IV- A CALABARZON

DIVISION OF QUEZON

ALABAT ISALAND NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Alabat, Quezon
 34

January , 2018

CHARLENE JOY OLIVEROS

Research Teacher

Alabat Island National High School

Alabat, Quezon

Maam,

Greetings!

The researchers conducting a study on the “EFFECTS OF RICE-FARMING TO THE FARMERS OF ALABAT, QUEZON.”

Enclosed is the effects of rice-farming to the financial and health status of the farmers which results will be the basis of the study.

Rest assured that whatever information you will give will be treated strictly confidential.

Your approval to this request is highly anticipated.

Thank you very much!

Very truly yours,

NICA JANE M. BARRETTO

JHEANN L. ENCARNACION

MARY JEAN M. POLO

Researchers

Approved:

CHARLENE JOY OLIVEROS

Research Teacher