IIT JAM

Mathematical Statistics (MS)

SAMPLE

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 MS (Sample)

Sample Questions

SECTION-(A) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)

3 7 9
1. Find the missing term in the sequence 1, , __, , .
2 8 16

4 5
(A) (B)
5 4

1 2
(C) (D)
5 5

2. Let (xn) be a sequence in R, if xn  0 and (yn) is a bounded sequence then

(A) xnyn  – (B) xnyn  1
(C) xnyn   (D) xnyn  0

3. Which of the following is true for conditional convergence of the series u n ?

(A) if un is convergent but u n is not absolutely convergent.

(B) if u n is not convergent and u n is not absolutely convergent.

(C) if u n is convergent and u n is absolutely convergent.

(D) None

4. For what values of  the series :


( 1)n cosn
 is convergent
n 1 n3
(A)  > 1 (B)  < 1
(C)  = 1 (D) All   

an
5. If  an is convergent, then  1 a (an  1) is
n

(A) Convergent (B) Divergent

(C) Oscillating (D) None

6. The series

1 1 1
  ... 
(log2)p
(log3)p
(logn)p + ...

(A) Converges  p (B) Diverges  p

(C) Diverges only if p > 1 (D) None
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 MS (Sample)

log x
7. The maximum value of in (0, ) is
x

1
(A) e (B)
e
(C) 1 (D) None of these

1
8. Let f(x) = x(x – 1)(x – 2), a = 0, b = . The value of ‘c’ in the Lagrange’s MV theorem is :
2

6  11 6  11
(A) (B)
6 6

6  21 6  21
(C) (D)
6 6

9. Let f : 2   be defined by

 x 2  y 2 , if x and y are int erval

f(x, y)  
 0, otherwise

Then
(A) f is not continuous at (0, 0)
(B) f is continuous at (0, 0) but not differentiable at (0, 0)
(C) f is differentiable only at (0, 0)
(D) f is differentiable everywhere

10. If f is defined by
f(x, y) = x3y2(1 – x – y) x, y   Then
 1 1
(A) f has local minima at  ,  (B) f has local minima at (0, 0)
2 2

 1 1  1 1
(C) f has local maxima at   ,   (D) f has local maxima at  , 
 2 2 2 3

SECTION-(B) MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTIONS (MSQ)

1. if S4 = 26/27 and r = 1/3 then which of the following are TRUE ?

n 1
13  1 
(A) an  (B) a5 = 0.008
20  3 

(C) a6 = 0.008 (D) Both A and B

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 MS (Sample)

2. The series
1 1 1
u n   
2 log 2 3 log 3 4 log 4
 ...

(A) Converges (B)  |un| is divergent

(C)  un is absolutely convergent (D) Both A and C are correct


n 1
3. The alternating series  ( 1)
n1
un converges if it satisfies

(A) un + 1  un  n (B) lim un  0

n

(C) un + 1  un  n (D) lim un  0

n

4. If the function f(x) = sinx, f(x) = sinx, x   then which of the following statements are true ?
(A) f(x) is unbounded (B) Range of f(x) is [–1,1]
(C) f(x) is bounded (D) Supremum of sinx is –1.

5. The function f(x, y) = x3 + y3 – 3x + 12y + 20 has neither a maxima nor a minima at which of
the following points ?
(A) [–1, 2) (B) (1, –2)
(C) (–1, 2) (D) (1, 2)

SECTION-(C) NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (NAT)

1. A sequence <an> is defined as follows :

1 2
a1  0, an  1   an   , n  1.
2 an 

and <an> is a bounded monotonic sequence then it converges to ______

2. Find the sum of 1 + 5 + 9 + ... + 49 + 53.

1 1 1 1
3. The series p
 p  p  p +... converges conditionally for p equals to ______
1 2 3 4

4. If the sequence 4n2  n  2n is convergent then find the limit (if possible)

(n!)2 n
5. For what value of x the series u n 
(2n)!
x diverges

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 MS (Sample)

SOLUTIONS
SECTION-(A) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)

1. (B) Sometimes, when dealing with fractions, they've really given you two sequences in one.
In this case, looking at the numerators and denominators separately:
1, 3, ___, 7, 9
1, 2, ___, 8, 16
The numerators appear to be counting by twos; the denominators appear to be doubling.
5
The missing term is .
4
2. (D) Find M  N such that 0  |xnyn| < M|xn|. Allow n  then xnyn  0

3. (A) by the definition of conditional convergence if u n is convergent but u

n is not absolutely
convergent.
| cos n | 1 1
4. (D) We have | un | =    n. ( | cos  |  1  )
n3
n 3 n3 / 2
1
Since | un |  3/2  n, so by First Comparison Test,
n
 | un | is convergent. (  1/n3/2 is convergent)
Thus un is absolutely convergent for all real values of a and so  un is convergent for
all real values of .

5. (A) Since  an is convergent, lim an = 0.

n

an a
Let bn =  n. Then lim n  lim (1 – an) = 1 – 0 = 1.
1  an n b
n
n

Hence  an and  bn converge or diverge together. Since  an is convergent, so  bn n

an
 is convergent.
1  an

1 1
6. (B) Here un = (logn)p , un1  [log(n  1)]p .

p
un  log(n  1) 
  
un 1  logn 
p
  1
 logn  log  1  n  
  
 logn 
 
 
 1 1 
 logn  n  2n  ... 
 
 logn 
 

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 MS (Sample)

p
 1 1 
 1   2  ...  .
 nlogn 2n logn 

un
 lim = 1 and test fails.
un1

un  1 1 
Then log  p log  1   2  ... 
un 1  nlogn 2n logn 

 1 
 p  ... .
 nlogn 

un  1 
lim n log u = lim p   ...
n 1  logn 
= 0 for all values of p,
< 1.
Hence the series is divergent for all values of p.
7. (B) Given function is

log x
f(x) =
x

1
x.  log x.1
x 1  log x
 f’(x) = 2

x x2

 1
x 2 .     (1  log x).2x
 x 2log x  3
f (x)  4

x x3

For maximum and minimum of f(x), f’(x) = 0

 1 – log x = 0
 x= e

23 1
 f”(e) = 3
 3 < 0
e e
 f(x) is maximum at x = e
 Maximum value of

loge 1
f(e)  
e e

f(1/ 2)  f(0)
8. (D) f’(c) =
1/ 2  0

1 ( 1 2  1)( 1 2  2)  0
2
(c – 1)(c – 2) + c(c – 2) + c(c – 1) = 1
2

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 MS (Sample)

 1 3
c2 – 3c + 2 + c2 – 2c + c2 – c =      
 2 2

3
3c2 – 6c + 2 =
4
12c2 – 24c + 8 = 3
12c2 – 24c + 5 = 0

24  (24)2  4(12)(5)
c =
2  12

24  576  240 24  336

 
24 24

24  4 21

24

6  21 6  21  1 
c c    0, 
6 6  2
9. (D) Since f : 2  

 x 2  y 2 , if x and y are int erval

s.t. f(x, y) = 
 0, otherwise

f(0, 0) = 0 = lim f(x, y)

( x,y )(0,0)

 f is continuous at (0, 0)

f(x  h, y) x 2  h2  2xh  y 2  x 2  y 2
fx (x, y)  lim  lim  lim (h  2x)  2x
h0 h h0 h h 0

similarly
fy(x, y) = 2y
 f(x, y) is differentiable at everywhere.
10. (D) Let the given function be u = f(x, y) = x3y2(1 – x – y) then for u to be maximum or
minimum the conditions are

u
 3x 2 y 2 1  x  y   x 3 y 2  0 ...(1)
x

u
and  2x 2 y 2 1  x  y   x 3 y 2  0 ...(2)
y

Solving (1) and (2),

(1) – (2)  x2y(1 – x – y) (3y – 2x) = 0

2
 y= x ...(3)
3
Using (3) in (1),

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 MS (Sample)

4 2 2  4
3x2 x  1  x  x  – x3 x2 = 0
9  3  9

4 4 1
 x (3 – 6x) = 0  x = ...(4)
9 2

1
(3) and (4)  y = ...(5)
3
 1 1
Therefore the function may be maximum or minimum at the point  , 
2 3
Determination of maxima or minima :
 1 1
Again differentiating (1) and (2) partially at the point  , 
2 3
1 1 1
A= – , C = – and B = – ...(6)
9 8 12

2
 1 1  1 
Now AC – B2 =           = positive quantity
 9   8   12 
Therefore by the given condition, the function is maximum at the point
3 2
 1 1  1  1  1 1 1
 2 , 3  and umax =     1    
  2 3  2 3  432

SECTION-(B) MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTIONS (MSQ)

1. (A,B,D)
Given the sum of the first four terms. S4 and the value of the common ratio r. Since there
is a common ratio, then this must be a geometric series. Plugging into the geometric-
series-sum formula, we get:

 1 r4 
S4  a  
 1 r 

  1 4 
 1   
26 3
 a   
27  1 
 1  3 
 

  80  
  81  
 80   3   a  40 
 a     a    27 
 2   81   2   
 3 
   

Multiplying on both sides by 27/40 to solve for the first term a = a1, we get:

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 MS (Sample)

 26   27  13
 27   40   a  20
  

n 1
13  1 
Then an 
20  3 

Now put n = 5 , we get

a5 = 0.008

1
2. (A,B) We have un =  n  N
(n  1) log (n  1)

1
Clearly nlim

un  lim
n   (n  1) log (n  1)
 0.

1 (1  log x)
Let u(x) = x log x . Then u’(x) = (x log x)2 .

 u’ (x) < 0  x > 0

 u (x) is a decreasing function  x > 0
 u(n + 2)  u (n + 1)  n ( n + 2 > n + 1)
 un + 1  un  n.
Thus both the conditions of Leibnitz test are satisfied and so the given series is convergent.
3. (A,B) By Leibnitz Test

n 1
The alternating series  ( 1) un converges if it satisfies
n1

(i) un + 1  un  n

(ii) lim un  0
n

4. (B,C,D)
The function f(x) is a bounded function because the range of f(x) is [–1,1].
The graph of the sine function looks like this:

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 MS (Sample)

y
2

1.5
y = sin(x)
1

0.5
x
o
–4 –3 –2 –  2 3 4
–0.5

–1

–1.5

–2

Note that the domain of the function y = sin x is all real numbers (since is defined for any
angle measure), the range is –1  y  1.
5. (B,C) f(x, y) = x3 + y3 – 3x – 12y + 20
fx = 3x2 – 3 = 0 when x = ± 1
fy = 3y2 – 12 = 0 when y = ± 2
thus the function has 4 stationary points these are :
(1, 2) (–1, 2) (–1, 2) (–1, 2)
Now fxx = 6x
fxy = 0 | fxx = 6y
at (1, 2)
fxx = 6 > 0
fxx fyy – (fxy)2 = 72 > 0
at  hence (1, 2) is a point of minima of the function.

SECTION-(C) NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (NAT)

1 2
1. 1.414 We have a1  0, an  1  2  an  a  , n  1. ...(1)
 n 

Let lim an = l, so that lim an + 1 = l. Using in (1), we get

n n

1 2
lim an  1   nlim an  lim 
n 2  n a
n 

1 2
 l = l   l2 = 2   l = 2. ( l > 0)
2  l

Hence lim an = 2 = 1.414.

n

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 MS (Sample)
2. 378 Checking the terms, we can see that this is indeed an arithmetic series: 5 – 1 = 4, 9 –
5 = 4, 53 – 49 = 4. we've got the first and last terms, but how many terms are there in
total ?
we have the n-th term formula, "an = a1 + (n – 1)d", and we have a1 = 1 and d = 4.
Plugging these into the formula, we can figure out how many terms there are:
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
53 = 1 + (n – 1)(4)
53 = 1 + 4n – 4
53 = 4n – 3
56 = 4n
14 = n
So there are 14 terms in this series. Now we have all the information we need:
1 + 5 + 9 + ... + 49 + 53 = (14/2)(1 + 53) = (7)(54) = 378

1 1
3. 1 Let un  P
, thus un1  p 1
n n
As p > 0,  un+1  un for all n.

1
As p > 0,  lim un  lim = 0
n n   np

All the conditions of Leibnitz’s test are satisfied. hence, the alternating series

( 1)n1
 converges.
np

Consider the series of positive terms | u n |

1 1 1 1
| u n |  1
2p
 p  p  ...   p .
3 4 n

1 1 1
which is convergent if p > 1, and divergent if p  1. Thus the series 1– p
 p  p + ...
2 3 4
is absolutely convergent if p > 1 and conditionally convergent if 0 < p  1.

n 1 1
4. 0.25 For all n  N, 4n2  n  2n   . Since n  0, the given sequence
2
4n  n  2n 1
4 2
n

1 1
is convergent with limit   0.25
40 2 4

5. 4 We have

(n !)2 n [(n  1) !]2 n  1

un  x , un  1  x .
(2n)! (2n  2) !

un 1 (2n  2) (2n  1) 2 (2n  1) 1

  .  . ,
un  1 x (n  1)2 n 1 x

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 MS (Sample)

un 4
so that lim  .
n un  1 x

By Ratio Test,  un converges if 4/x > 1 i.e., x < 4 and diverges if x > 4. When x = 4, Ratio
test fails and we apply Raabe’s test.

un 2n  1
For x = 4, u 
n1 2 (n  1) .

 u  n
 n  n  1 
u   2 (n  1)
 n 1 

  u  1 1
 lim n  n  1   lim 1
   1.
  un  1
n   n 2  2
  n

By Raabe’s Test,  un is diverges.

Hence  un is convergent if x < 4 and divergent if x  4.

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