Financial Statement Analysis
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
THEORIES:
6. Management is a user of financial analysis. Which of the following comments does not
represent a fair statement as to the management perspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem v areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation sadsadMODULE 10
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
567
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.

Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
568
Financial Statement Analysis
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations

1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
569
Financial Statement Analysis
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.

B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
570
Financial Statement Analysis
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective? perspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.

2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
571
Financial Statement Analysis
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially

for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
572
Financial Statement Analysis
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm.
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would
be most meaningful for the small firm.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons.
4. Which of these statements is false?
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does
not clearly fit into any one industry.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability.
B. Management is interested in the view of investors.
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
 Financial Statement Analysis

5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
Limitations
1. A limitation in calculating ratios in financial statement analysis is that
A. it requires a calculator.
B. no one other than the management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.

77. The use of alternative accounting methods: 2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used. A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed. B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory. 5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
Industry Analysis analyst.
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is management would be interested in them.
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis? C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm. D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm. 2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
be most meaningful for the small firm. B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially
for interfirm comparisons. 5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
4. Which of these statements is false? analyst.
A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry. management would be interested in them.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits. C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors.
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does 2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
not clearly fit into any one industry. A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
Common-sized financial statementsperspective?
A. Management is always interested in maximum profitability. 5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
B. Management is interested in the view of investors. A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
C. Management is interested in the financial structure of the entity. analyst.
D. Management is interested in the asset structure of the entity. management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.

573
 Financial Statement Analysis

D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company. A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms. 5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information. A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis? management would be interested in them.
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
analyst. D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end. 2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company. A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms. 5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information. A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis? management would be interested in them.
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
analyst. D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures. 2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source. A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used. 5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed. A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end. analyst.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory. B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
Industry Analysis D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis? 77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and sm A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end. B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company. C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?

574

Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and sm
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures.
575
Financial Statement Analysis
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source.
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used.
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis?
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and sm
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms.
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis?
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the
analyst.
management would be interested in them.
C. some account balances may reflect atypical data at year end.
D. they seldom identify problem areas in a company.
2. Which of the following is not a limitation of financial statement analysis?
 Financial Statement Analysis

A. The cost basis. C. The diversification of firms. B. common-sized financial statements D. profitability index
B. The use of estimates. D. The availability of information.
12. Statements in which all items are expressed only in relative terms (percentages of a base) are
5. Which of the following does not represent a problem with financial analysis? termed:
A. Financial statement analysis is an art; it requires judgment decisions on the part of the A. Vertical statements C. Funds Statements
analyst. B. Horizontal Statements D. Common-Size Statements
B. Financial analysis can be used to detect apparent liquidity problems.
C. There are as many ratios for financial analysis as there are pairs of figures. 10. The percent of property, plant and equipment to total assets is an example of:
D. Some industry ratio formulas vary from source to source. A. vertical analysis C. profitability analysis
B. solvency analysis D. horizontal analysis
77. The use of alternative accounting methods:
A. is not a problem in ratio analysis because the footnotes disclose the method used. 15. Vertical analysis is a technique that expresses each item in a financial statement
B. may be a problem in ratio analysis even if disclosed. A. in pesos and centavos.
C. is not a problem in ratio analysis since eventually all methods will lead to the same end. B. as a percent of the item in the previous year.
D. is only a problem in ratio analysis with respect to inventory. C. as a percent of a base amount.
D. starting with the highest value down to the lowest value.
Industry Analysis
3. Suppose you are comparing two firms in the steel industry. One firm is large and the other is 17. In performing a vertical analysis, the base for prepaid expenses is
small. Which type of numbers would be most meaningful for statement analysis? A. total current assets. C. total liabilities.
A. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and sm all firm. B. total assets. D. prepaid expenses in a previous year.
B. Absolute numbers would be most meaningful in the large firm; relative numbers would be
most meaningful in the small firm. Horizontal analysis
C. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for the large firm; absolute numbers would 8. The percentage analysis of increases and decreases in individual items in comparative
be most meaningful for the small firm. financial statements is called:
D. Relative numbers would be most meaningful for both the large and small firm, especially A. vertical analysis C. profitability analysis
for interfirm comparisons. B. solvency analysis D. horizontal analysis

4. Which of these statements is false? 11. Horizontal analysis is also known as

A. Many companies will not clearly fit into any one industry. A. linear analysis. C. trend analysis.
B. A financial service uses its best judgment as to which industry the firm best fits. B. vertical analysis. D. common size analysis.
C. The analysis of an entity's financial statements can be more meaningful if the results are
compared with industry averages and with results of competitors. 13. In which of the following cases may a percentage change be computed?
D. A company comparison should not be made with industry averages if the company does A. The trend of the amounts is decreasing but all amounts are positive.
not clearly fit into any one industry. B. There is no amount in the base year.
C. There is a negative amount in the base year and a negative amount in the subsequent
Common-sized financial statements9. Which of the following generally is the most useful in year.
analyzing companies of different sizes? D. There is a negative amount in the base year and a positive amount in the subsequent
A. comparative statements C. price-level accounting year.

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 Financial Statement Analysis

B. liquidity, activity, and debt D. activity, debt, and profitability

14. Horizontal analysis is a technique for evaluating a series of financial statement data over a
period of time 75. The ability of a business to pay its debts as they come due and to earn a reasonable amount
A. that has been arranged from the highest number to the lowest number. of income is referred to as:
B. that has been arranged from the lowest number to the highest number. A. solvency and leverage C. solvency and liquidity
C. to determine which items are in error. B. solvency and profitability D. solvency and equity
D. to determine the amount and/or percentage increase or decrease that has taken place.
Liquidity ratios
Trend analysis Interested parties
16. Trend analysis allows a firm to compare its performance to: 19. The primary concern of short-term creditors when assessing the strength of a firm is the
A. other firms in the industry C. other industries entity’s
B. other time periods within the firm D. none of the above A. short-term liquidity C. market price of stock
B. profitability D. leverage
Risk and return
29. The present and prospective stockholders are primarily concerned with a firm’ 35. Short-term creditors are usually most interested in assessing
A. profitability C. leverage A. solvency. C. marketability.
B. liquidity D. risk and return B. liquidity. D. profitability.

69. Which suppliers of funds bear the greatest risk and should therefore earn the greatest return? 36. The two categories of ratios that should be utilized to asses a firm’s true liquidity are the
A. common stockholders C. preferred shareholders A. current and quick ratios C. liquidity and profitability ratios
B. general creditors such as banks D. bondholders B. liquidity and debt ratios D. liquidity and activity ratios

Measures of Risk 47. Which of the following is the most of interest to a firm’s suppliers?
54. The following groups of ratios primarily measure risk: A. profitability C. asset utilization
A. liquidity, activity, and common equity C. liquidity, activity, and debt B. debt D. liquidity
B. liquidity, activity, and profitability D. activity, debt, and profitability
Measures of liquidity
Financial ratios 21. The ratios that are used to determine a company’s short-term debt paying ability are
7. Ratios are used as tools in financial analysis A. asset turnover, times interest earned, current ratio, and receivables turnover.
A. instead of horizontal and vertical analyses. B. times interest earned, inventory turnover, current ratio, and receivables turnover.
B. because they can provide information that may not be apparent from inspection of the C. times interest earned, acid-test ratio, current ratio, and inventory turnover.
individual components of a particular ratio. D. current ratio, acid-test ratio, receivables turnover, and inventory turnover.
C. because even single ratios by themselves are quite meaningful.
D. because they are prescribed by GAAP. 20. Which of the following is a measure of the liquidity position of a corporation?
A. earnings per share
18. In the near term, the important ratios that provide the information critical to the short-run B. inventory turnover
operation of the firm are: C. current ratio
A. liquidity, activity, and profitability C. liquidity, activity, and equity D. number of times interest charges earned

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 Financial Statement Analysis

D. Accounts Receivable Turnover in Days

37. Which one of the following ratios would not likely be used by a short-term creditor in
evaluating whether to sell on credit to a company? 41. A weakness of the current ratio is
A. Current ratio C. Asset turnover A. the difficulty of the calculation.
B. Acid-test ratio D. Receivables turnover B. that it does not take into account the composition of the current assets.
C. that it is rarely used by sophisticated analysts.
51. Which of the following ratios would be least helpful in appraising the liquidity of current D. that it can be expressed as a percentage, as a rate, or as a proportion.
assets?
A. Accounts Receivable turnover C. Current Ratio Acid-test or quick ratio
B. Days’ sales in inventory D. Days’ sales in accounts receivable 42. A measure of a company’s immediate short-term liquidity is the
A. current ratio.
53. Which ratio is most helpful in appraising the liquidity of current assets? B. current cash debt coverage ratio.
A. current ratio C. acid-test ratio C. cash debt coverage ratio.
B. debt ratio D. accounts receivable turnover D. acid-test ratio.

Not a measure of liquidity 23. The acid-test or quick ratio

79. Which one of the following ratios would not likely be used by a short-term creditor in evaluating A. is used to quickly determine a company’s solvency and long-term debt paying ability.
whether to sell on credit to a company? B. relates cash, short-term investments, and net receivables to current liabilities.
A. accounts receivable turnover. C. acid test ratio. C. is calculated by taking one item from the income statement and one item from the balance
B. asset turnover. D. current ratio. sheet.
D. is the same as the current ratio except it is rounded to the nearest whole percent.
Current ratio
24. Typically, which of the following would be considered to be the most indicative of a firm's short- Not a liquidity ratio
term debt paying ability? 28. Which one of the following would not be considered a liquidity ratio?
A. working capital C. acid test ratio A. Current ratio. C. Quick ratio.
B. current ratio D. days’ sales in receivables B. Inventory turnover. D. Return on assets.

22. The current ratio is Activity ratios

A. calculated by dividing current liabilities by current assets. Days receivable & receivable turnover
B. used to evaluate a company’s liquidity and short-term debt paying ability. Quality of receivables
C. used to evaluate a company’s solvency and long-term debt paying ability. 25. Which of the following does not bear on the quality of receivables?
D. calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. A. shortening the credit terms
B. lengthening the credit terms
30. Which of the following ratios is rated to be a primary measure of liquidity and considered of C. lengthening the outstanding period
highest significance rating of the liquidity ratios a bank analyst? D. all of the above bear on the quality of receivables
A. Debt/Equity
B. Current ratio Days receivable
C. Degree of Financial Leverage 27. A general rule to use in assessing the average collection period is

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 Financial Statement Analysis

A. that is should not exceed 30 days. C. use of borrowed money to increase the return to owners.
B. it can be any length as long as the customer continues to buy merchandise. D. earnings per share.
C. that it should not greatly exceed the discount period.
D. that it should not greatly exceed the credit term period. 90. The tendency of the rate earned on stockholders' equity to vary disproportionately from the
rate earned on total assets is sometimes referred to as:
Asset utilization ratios A. leverage C. yield
Performance measures B. solvency D. quick assets
65. All of the following are asset utilization ratios except:
A. average collection period C. receivables turnover 55. Using financial leverage is a good financial strategy from the viewpoint of stockholders of
B. inventory turnover D. return on assets companies having:
A. a high debt ratio C. a steadily declining current ratio
Asset turnover B. steady or rising profits D. cyclical highs and lows
63. Asset turnover measures
A. how often a company replaces its assets. 46. The ratio that indicates a company’s degree of financial leverage is the
B. how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales. A. cash debt coverage ratio. C. free cash flow ratio.
C. the portion of the assets that have been financed by creditors. B. debt to total assets. D. times-interest earned ratio.
D. the overall rate of return on assets.
73. Interest expense creates magnification of earnings through financial leverage because:
66. Total asset turnover measures the ability of a firm to: A. while earnings available to pay interest rise, earnings to residual owners rise faster
A. generate profits on sales B. interest accompanies debt financing
B. generate sales through the use of assets C. interest costs are cheaper than the required rate of return to equity owners
C. cover long-term debt S. the use of interest causes higher earnings
D. buy new assets
Measures of solvency
76. A measure of how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales is the 34. The set of ratios that is most useful in evaluating solvency is
A. asset turnover ratio. C. profit margin ratio. A. debt ratio, current ratio, and times interest earned
B. cash return on sales ratio. D. return on assets ratio. B. debt ratio, times interest earned, and return on assets
C. debt ratio, times interest earned, and quick ratio
Solvency ratios D. debt ratio, times interest earned, and cash flow to debt
Interested parties
50. Long-term creditors are usually most interested in evaluating 49. Which of the following ratios is most relevant to evaluating solvency?
A. liquidity. C. profitability. A. Return on assets C. Days’ purchases in accounts payable
B. marketability. D. solvency. B. Debt ratio D. Dividend yield

Financial Leverage Fixed assets to long-term liabilities

45. Trading on the equity (leverage) refers to the 44. Which of the following ratios provides a solvency measure that shows the margin of safety of
A. amount of working capital. noteholders or bondholders and also gives an indication of the potential ability of the business
B. amount of capital provided by owners. to borrow additional funds on a long-term basis?

579
 Financial Statement Analysis

A. ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities

B. ratio of net sales to assets Off-balance sheet liabilities
C. number of days' sales in receivables 62. If a firm has substantial capital or financing leases disclosed in the notes but not capitalized in
D. rate earned on stockholders' equity the financial statements, then the
A. times interest earned ratio will be overstated, based upon the financial statements
Debt ratio B. debt ratio will be understated
59. The debt ratio indicates: C. working capital will be understated
A. a comparison of liabilities with total assets D. fixed charge ratio will be overstated, based upon the financial statements
B. the ability of the firm to pay its current obligations
C. the efficiency of the use of total assets Profitability ratios
D. the magnification of earnings caused by leverage Interested parties
39. The return on assets ratio is affected by the
78. The debt to total assets ratio measures A. asset turnover ratio.
A. the company’s profitability. B. debt to total assets ratio.
B. whether interest can be paid on debt in the current year. C. profit margin ratio.
C. the proportion of interest paid relative to dividends paid. D. asset turnover and profit margin ratios.
D. the percentage of the total assets provided by creditor.
52. Stockholders are most interested in evaluating
Debt-to-equity ratio A. liquidity. C. profitability.
60. Which of the following statements best compares long-term borrowing capacity ratios? B. solvency. D. marketability.
A. The debt/equity ratio is more conservative than the debt ratio.
B. The debt to tangible net worth ratio is more conservative than the debt/equity ratio. Performance measures
C. The debt/equity ratio is more conservative than the debt to tangible net worth ratio. 48. The set of ratios that are most useful in evaluating profitability is
D. The debt ratio is more conservative than the debt/equity ratio. A. ROA, ROE, and debt to equity ratio C. ROA, ROE, and acid-test ratio
B. ROA, ROE, and dividend yield D. ROA, ROE, and cash flow to debt
Times interest earned
74. A times interest earned ratio of 0.90 to 1 means that Earnings per share
A. the firm will default on its interest payment 82. Which of the following ratios appears most frequently in annual reports?
B. net income is less than the interest expense A. Earnings per Share C. Profit Margin
C. the cash flow is less than the net income B. Return on Equity D. Debt/Equity
D. the cash flow exceeds the net income
Return on assets
Fixed charge coverage 64. Return on assets
61. A fixed charge coverage: A. can be determined by looking at a balance sheet
A. is a balance sheet indication of debt carrying ability B. should be smaller than return on sales
B. is an income statement indication of debt carrying ability C. can be affected by the company’s choice of a depreciation method
C. frequently includes research and development D. should be larger than return on equity
D. computation is standard from firm to firm

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 Financial Statement Analysis

Return on investments Inventories

72. Return on investment measures: 32. Which of the following would best indicate that the firm is carrying excess inventory?
A. return to all suppliers of funds C. return to all long-term suppliers of funds A. a decline in the current ratio
B. return to all long-term creditors D. return to stockholders B. stable current ratio with declining quick ratios
C. a decline in days' sales in inventory
Market test ratios D. a rise in total asset turnover
Price-earnings ratio
56. The price/earnings ratio 89. When Tri-C Corp. compares its ratios to industry averages, it has a higher current ratio, an
A. measures the past earning ability of the firm average quick ratio, and a low inventory turnover. What might you assume about Tri-C?
B. is a gauge of future earning power as seen by investors A. Its cash balance is too low. C. Its current liabilities are too low.
C. relates price to dividends B. Its cost of goods sold is too low. D. Its average inventory is too high.
D. relates
Current ratio
58. Which of the following ratios usually reflects investors opinions of the future prospects for the 33. Which of the following would be most detrimental to a firm's current ratio if that ratio is
firm? currently 2.0?
A. dividend yield C. book value per share A. Buy raw materials on credit
B. price/earnings ratio D. earnings per share B. Sell marketable securities at cost
C. Pay off accounts payable with cash
Dividend yield D. Pay off a portion of long-term debt with cash
57. Which of the following ratios represents dividends per common share in relation to market
price per common share? Fixed asset turnover ratio
A. dividend payout C. price/earnings 68. Which of the following circumstances will cause sales to fixed assets to be abnormally high?
B. dividend yield D. book value per share A. A labor-intensive industry.
B. The use of units-of-production depreciation.
Financial Statement Analysis C. A highly mechanized facility.
Accounts Receivable D. High direct labor costs from a new union contract.
26. Which of the following reasons should not be considered in order to explain why the
receivables appear to be abnormally high? Total asset turnover
A. Sales volume decreases materially late in the year. 81. A firm with a total asset turnover lower than the industry standard and a current ratio which
B. Receivables have collectibility problems and possibly some should have been written off. meets industry standard might have excessive:
C. Material amount of receivables are on the installment basis. A. Accounts receivable C. Debt
D. Sales volume expanded materially late in the year. B. Fixed assets D. Inventory

31. An acceleration in the collection of receivables will tend to cause the accounts receivable Profitability analysis
turnover to: 84. Denver Dynamics has net income of P2,000,000. Oakland Enterprises has net income of
A. decrease C. either increase or decrease P2,500,000. Which of the following best compares the profitability of Denver and Oakland?
B. remain the same D. increase A. Oakland Enterprises is 25% more profitable than Denver Dynamics.
B. Oakland Enterprises is more profitable than Denver Dynamics, but the comparison can't

581
 Financial Statement Analysis

be quantified. A. The ratio remained unchanged.

C. Oakland Enterprises is only more profitable if it is smaller than Denver Dynamics. B. The change in the current ratio cannot be determined.
D. Further information is needed for a reasonable comparison. C. The ratio decreased.
D. The ratio increased.
Debt ratio
86. Companies A and B are in the same industry and have similar characteristics except that 88. Which of the following actions will increase a firm's current ratio if it is now less than 1.0?
Company A is more leveraged than Company B. Both companies have the same income A. Convert marketable securities to cash.
before interest and taxes and the same total assets. Based on this information we could B. Pay accounts payable with cash.
conclude that C. Buy inventory with short term credit (i.e. accounts payable).
A. Company A has higher net income than Company B D. Sell inventory at cost.
B. Company A has a lower return on assets than company B
C. Company A is more risky than Company B. Acid-test ratio
D. Company A has a lower debt ratio than company B 38. If a company has an acid-test ratio of 1.2:1, what respective effects will the
borrowing of cash by short-term debt and collection of accounts receivable
Sensitivity Analysis have on the ratio?
Current ratio A. B. C. D.
40. A firm has a current ratio of 1:1. In order to improve its liquidity ratios, this firm should
Short-term borrowing Increase Increase Decrease Decrease
A. improve its collection practices, thereby increasing cash and increasing its current and
Collection of receivable No effect Increase No effect Decrease
quick ratios.
B. improve its collection practices and pay accounts payable, there decreasing current
liabilities and increasing the current and quick ratios. Profit margin
70. Which of the following would most likely cause a rise in net profit margin?
C. decrease current liabilities by utilizing more long-term debt, thereby increasing the
current and quick ratios. A. increased sales C. decreased operating expenses
B. decreased preferred dividends D. increased cost of sales
D. increase inventory, thereby increasing current assets and the current and quick ratios.
Return on assets
43. Recently the M&M Company has been having problems. As a result, its financial situation has
deteriorated. M&M approached the First National Bank for a badly needed loan, but the loan 67. Return on assets cannot fall under which of the following circumstances?
officer insisted that the current ratio (now 0.5) be improved to at least 0.8 before the bank A. B. C. D.
would even consider granting the credit. Which of the following actions would do the most to Net profit margin Decline Rise Rise Decline
improve the ratio in the short run? Total asset turnover Rise Decline Rise Decline
A. Using some cash to pay off some current liabilities.
B. Collecting some of the current accounts receivable. Debt ratio
C. Paying off some long-term debt. 83. Jones Company has long-term debt of P1,000,000, while Smith Company, Jones' competitor,
D. Purchasing additional inventory on credit (accounts payable). has long-term debt of P200,000. Which of the following statements best represents an
analysis of the long-term debt position of these two firms?
87. Tyner Company had P250,000 of current assets and P90,000 of current liabilities before A. Jones obviously has too much debt when compared to its competitor.
borrowing P60,000 from the bank with a 3-month note payable. What effect did the B. Smith Company's times interest earned should be lower than Jones.
borrowing transaction have on Tyner Company's current ratio? C. Smith has five times better long-term borrowing ability than Jones.

582
 Financial Statement Analysis

D. Not enough information to determine if any of the answers are correct. Bonds payable, due in 10 years 500,000
Cash 100,000
Times interest earned Interest payable, due in three months 25,000
85. Which of the following will not cause times interest earned to drop? Assume no other changes Inventory 440,000
than those listed. Land 800,000
A. A rise in preferred stock dividends. Notes payable, due in six months 250,000
B. A drop in sales with no change in interest expense. What will happen to the ratios below if Ratio Company uses cash to pay 50 percent
C. An increase in interest rates. of its accounts payable?
D. An increase in bonds payable with no change in operating income. A. B. C. D.
Current ratio Increase Decrease Increase Decrease
DuPont Analysis Acid-test ratio Increase Decrease Decrease Increase
71. Which of the following could cause return on assets to decline when net profit margin is
increasing? Question Nos. 4 through 6 are based on the data taken from the balance sheet of Nomad
A. sale of investments at year-end C. purchase of a new building at year-end Company at the end of the current year:
B. increased turnover of operating assets D. a stock split Accounts payable P145,000
Accounts receivable 110,000
80. A firm with a lower net profit margin can improve its return on total assets by Accrued liabilities 4,000
A. increasing its debt ratio C. increasing its total asset turnover Cash 80,000
B. decreasing its fixed assets turnover D. decreasing its total asset turnover Income tax payable 10,000
Inventory 140,000
Marketable securities 250,000
PROBLEMS: Notes payable, short-term 85,000
Horizontal analysis Prepaid expenses 15,000
i
. Kline Corporation had net income of P2 million in 2006. Using the 2006 financial elements as
the base data, net income decreased by 70 percent in 2007 and increased by 175 percent in iv
. The amount of working capital for the company is:
2008. The respective net income reported by Kline Corporation for 2007 and 2008 are: A. P351,000 C. P211,000
A. P 600,000 and P5,500,000 C. P1,400,000 and P3,500,000 B. P361,000 D. P336,000
B. P5,500,000 and P 600,000 D. P1,400,000 and P5,500,000
v
ii
. The company’s current ratio as of the balance sheet date is:
. Assume that Axle Inc. reported a net loss of P50,000 in 2006 and net income of P250,000 in A. 2.67:1 C. 2.02:1
2007. The increase in net income of P300,000: B. 2.44:1 D. 1.95:1
A. can be stated as 0% C. cannot be stated as a percentage
B. can be stated as 100% increase D. can be stated as 200% increase vi
. The company’s acid-test ratio as of the balance sheet date is:
A. 1.80:1 C. 2.02:1
Liquidity ratios B. 2.40:1 D. 1.76:1
iii
. The following financial data have been taken from the records of Ratio Company:
Accounts receivable P200,000 Activity ratios
Accounts payable 80,000 Receivables turnover

583
 Financial Statement Analysis

vii
. Pine Hardware Store had net credit sales of P6,500,000 and cost of goods sold of xii
. Selected information from the accounting records of Petals Company is as follows:
P5,000,000 for the year. The Accounts Receivable balances at the beginning and end of the Net sales for 2007 P900,000
year were P600,000 and P700,000, respectively. The receivables turnover was Cost of goods sold for 2007 600,000
A. 7.7 times. C. 9.3 times. Inventory at December 31, 2006 180,000
B. 10.8 times. D. 10.0 times. Inventory at December 31, 2007 156,000
Petals’ inventory turnover for 2007 is
viii
. Milward Corporation’s books disclosed the following information for the year ended December A. 5.77 times C. 3.67 times
31, 2007: B. 3.85 times D. 3.57 times
Net credit sales P1,500,000
Net cash sales 240,000 xiii
. The Moss Company presents the following data for 2007.
Accounts receivable at beginning of year 200,000 Net Sales, 2007 P3,007,124
Accounts receivable at end of year 400,000 Net Sales, 2006 P 930,247
Milward’s accounts receivable turnover is Cost of Goods Sold, 2007 P2,000,326
A. 3.75 times C. 5.00 times Cost of Goods Sold, 2007 P1,000,120
B. 4.35 times D. 5.80 times Inventory, beginning of 2007 P  341,169
Inventory, end of 2007 P  376,526
Days receivable The merchandise inventory turnover for 2007 is:
ix
. Batik Clothing Store had a balance in the Accounts Receivable account of P390,000 at the A. 5.6 C. 7.5
beginning of the year and a balance of P410,000 at the end of the year. The net credit sales B. 15.6 D. 7.7
during the year amounted to P4,000,000. Using 360-day year, what is the average collection
period of the receivables? xiv
. Based on the following data for the current year, what is the inventory turnover?
A. 30 days C. 73 days Net sales on account during year P 500,000
B. 65 days D. 36 days Cost of merchandise sold during year 330,000
Accounts receivable, beginning of year 45,000
Cash collection Accounts receivable, end of year 35,000
x
. Deity Company had sales of P30,000, increase in accounts payable of P5,000, decrease in Inventory, beginning of year 90,000
accounts receivable of P1,000, increase in inventories of P4,000, and depreciation expense of Inventory, end of year 110,000
P4,000. What was the cash collected from customers? A. 3.3 C. 3.7
A. P31,000 C. P34,000 B. 8.3 D. 3.0
B. P35,000 D. P25,000
Days inventory
Inventory turnover xv
. Selected information from the accounting records of Eternity Manufacturing Company follows:
xi
. During 2007, Tarlac Company purchased P960,000 of inventory. The cost of goods sold for Net sales P3,600,000
2007 was P900,000, and the ending inventory at December 31, 2007 was P180,000. What Cost of goods sold 2,400,000
was the inventory turnover for 2007? Inventories at January 1 672,000
A. 6.4 C. 5.3 Inventories at December 31 576,000
B. 6.0 D. 5.0 What is the number of days’ sales in average inventories for the year?
A. 102.2 C. 87.6

584
 Financial Statement Analysis

B. 94.9 D. 68.1 Net income P300,000

An analysis of the income statement revealed that interest expense was P100,000. Brava
Turnover ratios Company’s times interest earned (TIE) was
Asset turnover A. 5 times C. 3.5 times
Asset B. 4 times D. 3 times
xvi
. Net sales are P6,000,000, beginning total assets are P2,800,000, and the asset turnover is
3.0. What is the ending total asset balance? xx
. The balance sheet and income statement data for Candle Factory indicate the following:
A. P2,000,000. C. P2,800,000. Bonds payable, 10% (issued 1998 due 2022) P1,000,000
B. P1,200,000. D. P1,600,000. Preferred 5% stock, P100 par (no change during year) 300,000
Common stock, P50 par (no change during year) 2,000,000
Solvency ratios Income before income tax for year 350,000
Debt ratio Income tax for year 80,000
xvii
. Jordan Manufacturing reports the following capital structure: Common dividends paid 50,000
Current liabilities P100,000 Preferred dividends paid 15,000
Long-term debt 400,000 Based on the data presented above, what is the number of times bond interest charges were
Deferred income taxes 10,000 earned (round to one decimal point)?
Preferred stock 80,000 A. 3.7 C. 4.5
Common stock 100,000 B. 4.4 D. 3.5
Premium on common stock 180,000
Retained earnings 170,000 xxi
. The following data were abstracted from the records of Johnson Corporation for the year:
What is the debt ratio? Sales P1,800,000
A. 0.48 C. 0.93 Bond interest expense 60,000
B. 0.49 D. 0.96 Income taxes 300,000
Net income 400,000
Times interest earned How many times was bond interest earned?
xviii
. House of Fashion Company had the following financial statistics for 2006: A. 7.67 C. 12.67
Long-term debt (average rate of interest is 8%) P400,000 B. 11.67 D. 13.67
Interest expense 35,000
Net income 48,000 Net income
Income tax 46,000 xxii
. The times interest earned ratio of Mikoto Company is 4.5 times. The interest expense for
Operating income 107,000 the year was P20,000, and the company’s tax rate is 40%. The company’s net income is:
What is the times interest earned for 2006? A. P22,000 C. P54,000
A. 11.4 times C. 3.1 times B. P42,000 D. P66,000
B. 3.3 times D. 3.7 times
Profitability Ratios
xix
. Brava Company reported the following on its income statement: Return on Common Equity
Income before taxes P400,000 xxiii
. Selected information for Ivano Company as of December 31 is as follows:
Income tax expense 100,000 2006 2007

585
 Financial Statement Analysis

Preferred stock, 8%, par P100, nonconvertible, P250,000 P250,000 Orchard’s common stock, which is listed on a major stock exchange, was quoted at P4 per
noncumulative share on December 31. Orchard’s net income for the year ended December 31 was P50,000.
Common stock 600,000 800,000 The yearly preferred dividend was declared. No capital stock transactions occurred. What
Retained earnings 150,000 370,000 was the price earnings ratio on Orchard’s common stock at December 31?
Dividends paid on preferred stock for the year 20,000 20,000 A. 6 to 1 C. 10 to 1
Net income for the year 120,000 240,000 B. 8 to 1 D. 16 to 1
Ivano’s return on common stockholders’ equity, rounded to the nearest percentage point, for
xxvii
2007 is . On December 31, 2006 and 2007, Renegade Corporation had 100,000 shares of common
A. 17% C. 21% stock and 50,000 shares of noncumulative and nonconvertible preferred stock issued and
B. 19% D. 23% outstanding.
Additional information:
Dividend yield Stockholders’ equity at 12/31/07 P4,500,000
xxiv
. The following information is available for Duncan Co.: Net income year ended 12/31/07 1,200,000
2006 Dividends on preferred stock year ended 12/31/07 300,000
Dividends per share of common stock P 1.40 Market price per share of common stock at 12/31/07 144
Market price per share of common stock 17.50 The price-earnings ratio on common stock at December 31, 2007, was
Which of the following statements is correct? A. 10 to 1 C. 14 to 1
A. The dividend yield is 8.0%, which is of interest to investors seeking an increase in market B. 12 to 1 D. 16 to 1
price of their stocks.
B. The dividend yield is 8.0%, which is of special interest to investors seeking current returns Payout ratio
xxviii
on their investments. . Selected financial data of Alexander Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2007, is
C. The dividend yield is 12.5%, which is of interest to bondholders. presented below:
D. The dividend yield is 8.0 times the market price, which is important in solvency analysis. Operating income P900,000
Interest expense (100,000)
Market Test Ratios Income before income taxes 800,000
Market/Book value ratio Income tax (320,000)
Price per share Net income 480,000
xxv
. What is the market price of a share of stock for a firm with 100,000 shares outstanding, a book Preferred stock dividend (200,000)
value of equity of P3,000,000, and a market/book ratio of 3.5? Net income available to common stockholders 280,000
A. P8.57 C. P85.70 Common stock dividends were P120,000. The payout ratio is:
B. P30.00 D. P105.00 A. 42.9 percent C. 25.0 percent
B. 66.7 percent D. 71.4 percent
P/E ratio
xxvi
. Orchard Company’s capital stock at December 31 consisted of the following: P/E ratio & Payout ratio
 Common stock, P2 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, issued, and Use the following information for question Nos. 33 and 34:
outstanding. Terry Corporation had net income of P200,000 and paid dividends to common stockholders of
 10% noncumulative, nonconvertible preferred stock, P100 par value; 1,000 shares P40,000 in 2007. The weighted-average number of shares outstanding in 2007 was 50,000
authorized, issued, and outstanding. shares. Terry Corporation’s common stock is selling for P60 per share in the local stock

586
 Financial Statement Analysis

exchange. Income Tax     40,000

Net Income P   80,000
xxix
. Terry Corporation’s price-earnings ratio is The degree of financial leverage is:
A. 3.8 times C. 18.8 times A. P 150,000 ÷ P 30,000 C. P1,000,000 ÷ P400,000
B. 15 times D. 6 times B. P 150,000 ÷ P120,000 D. P 150,000 ÷ P 80,000
xxx
. Terry Corporation’s payout ratio for 2007 is Other Ratios
A. P4 per share C. 20.0 percent Book value per share
B. 12.5 percent D. 25.0 percent xxxiv
. M Corporation’s stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2007 consists of the following:
6% cumulative preferred stock, P100 par, liquidating value
DuPont Model was P110 per share; issued and outstanding 50,000 shares P5,000,000
Debt ratio Common stock, par, P5 per share; issued and
xxxi
. The Board of Directors is dissatisfied with last year's ROE of 15%. If the profit margin and outstanding, 400,000 shares 2,000,000
asset turnover remain unchanged at 8% and 1.25 respectively, by how much must the total Retained earnings 1,000,000
debt ratio increase to achieve 20% ROE? Total P8,000,000
A. Total debt ratio must increase by .5 Dividends on preferred stock have been paid through 2006.
B. Total debt ratio must increase by 5 At December 31, 2007, M Corporation’s book value per share was
C. Total debt ratio must increase by 5% A. P5.50 C. P6.75
D. Total debt ratio must increase by 50% B. P6.25 D. P7.50
xxxii
. Assume you are given the following relationships for the Orange Company: xxxv
. The following data were gathered from the annual report of Desk Products.
Sales/total assets 1.5X Market price per share P30.00
Return on assets (ROA) 3% Number of common shares 10,000
Return on equity (ROE) 5% Preferred stock, 5% P100 par P10,000
The Orange Company’s debt ratio is Common equity P140,000
A. 40% C. 35% The book value per share is:
B. 60% D. 65% A. P30.00 C. P14.00
B. P15.00 D. P13.75
Leverage Ratio
Degree of financial leverage Integrated ratios
xxxiii
. A summarized income statement for Leveraged Inc. is presented below. Liquidity & activity ratios
Sales P1,000,000 Inventory
Cost of Sales    600,000 xxxvi
. The current assets of Mayon Enterprise consists of cash, accounts receivable, and
Gross Profit P 400,000 inventory. The following information is available:
Operating Expenses    250,000 Credit sales 75% of total sales
Operating Income P 150,000 Inventory turnover 5 times
Interest Expense     30,000 Working capital P1,120,000
Earnings Before Tax P 120,000 Current ratio 2.00 to 1

587
 Financial Statement Analysis

Quick ratio 1.25 to 1 B. P200,000 D. P400,000

Average Collection period 42 days
Working days 360 Market Test Ratio
The estimated inventory amount is: Dividend yield
A. 840,000 C. 720,000 xl
. Recto Co. has a price earnings ratio of 10, earnings per share of P2.20, and a pay out ratio
B. 600,000 D. 550,000 of 75%. The dividend yield is
A. 25.0% C. 7.5%
xxxvii
. The following data were obtained from the records of Salacot Company: B. 22.0% D. 10.0%
Current ratio (at year end) 1.5 to 1
Inventory turnover based on sales and ending inventory 15 times xli
. The following were reflected from the records of Salvacion Company:
Inventory turnover based on cost of goods sold and ending inventory 10.5 times Earnings before interest and taxes P1,250,000
Gross margin for 2007 P360,000 Interest expense 250,000
What was Salacot Company’s December 31, 2007 balance in the Inventory account? Preferred dividends 200,000
A. P120,000 C. P 80,000 Payout ratio 40 percent
B. P 54,000 D. P 95,000 Shares outstanding throughout 2006
Preferred 20,000
Net sales Common 25,000
xxxviii
.Selected data from Mildred Company’s year-end financial statements are presented below. Income tax rate 40 percent
The difference between average and ending inventory is immaterial. Price earnings ratio 5 times
Current ratio 2.0 The dividend yield ratio is
Quick ratio 1.5 A. 0.50 C. 0.40
Current liabilities P120,000 B. 0.12 D. 0.08
Inventory turnover (based on cost of sales) 8 times
Gross profit margin 40% Comprehensive
Mildred’s net sales for the year were xlii
. The balance sheets of Magdangal Company at the end of each of the first two
A. P 800,000 C. P 480,000 years of operations indicate the following:
B. P 672,000 D. P1,200,000 2007   2006  
Total current assets P600,000 P560,000
Gross margin Total investments 60,000 40,000
xxxix
. Selected information from the accounting records of the Blackwood Co. is as follows: Total property, plant, and equipment 900,000 700,000
Net A/R at December 31, 2006 P 900,000 Total current liabilities 150,000 80,000
Net A/R at December 31, 2007 P1,000,000 Total long-term liabilities 350,000 250,000
Accounts receivable turnover 5 to 1 Preferred 9% stock, P100 par 100,000 100,000
Inventories at December 31, 2006 P1,100,000 Common stock, P10 par 600,000 600,000
Inventories at December 31, 2007 P1,200,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par-common stock 60,000 60,000
Inventory turnover 4 to 1 Retained earnings 300,000 210,000
What was the gross margin for 2007?
Net income is P115,000 and interest expense is P30,000 for 2007.
A. P150,000 C. P300,000
What is the rate earned on total assets for 2007 (round percent to one decimal point)?

588
 Financial Statement Analysis

A. 9.3 percent C. 8.9 percent

B. 10.1 percent D. 7.4 percent
xliii
. What is the rate earned on stockholders' equity for 2007 (round percent to one decimal point)?
A. 10.6 percent C. 12.4 percent
B. 11.2 percent D. 15.6 percent
xliv
. What is the earnings per share on common stock for 2007, (round to two decimal places)?
A. P1.92 C. P1.77
B. P1.89 D. P1.42
xlv
. If the market price is P30, what is the price-earnings ratio on common stock for 2007 (round to
one decimal point)?
A. 17.0 C. 12.4
B. 12.1 D. 15.9

589
i
. Answer: A
2007: P2,000,000 (1 – 0.7) = P600,000
2008: P2,000,000 (1 + 1.75) = P5,500,000
Note: For 2007 & 2008, 2006 was used as a base year.
ii
. Answer: C
iii
. Answer: C
Current Assets:
Cash P100,000
Accounts receivable 200,000
Total liquid assets 300,000
Inventory 440,000
Total current assets P740,000
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable P 80,000
Notes payable, due in 6 months 250,000
Interest payable 25,000
Total current liabilities P355,000

Current Ratio (740,000 ÷ 355,000) 2.08:1.00

Acid-test Ratio (300,000 ÷ 355,000) 0.85:1.00

Before any payment, the current ratio is above 1:1 and acid test ratio is below 1:1. Therefore, the current ratio shall
rise but acid test ratio shall go down. If any of these two ratios is below 1:1, the equal change in current assets and
current liabilities brings direct effect on the ratio, that is, equal increase in current assets and current liabilities causes
the ratio to rise.
iv
. Answer: A
Working capital equals the difference between the total current assets and total current liabilities.
Current Assets:
Cash P 80,000
Marketable securities 250,000
Accounts receivable 110,000
Total liquid assets 440,000
Inventory 140,000
Prepaid expense 15,000
Total Current Assets P595,000

Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable P145,000
Income tax payable 10,000
Notes payable, short-term 85,000
Accrued liabilities 4,000 244,000

Working Capital P351,000

v
. Answer: B
Current Ratio: Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities
(P595,000 ÷ P244,000) = 2.44:1.00
vi
. Answer: A
Acid-Test Ratio: Liquid Assets ÷ Current Liabilities
(P440,000 ÷ P244,000) = 1.80:1.00
vii
. Answer: D
AR Turnover: Credit sales ÷ Average AR
6,500,000/650,000 = 10.0 times
viii
. Answer: C
Accounts Receivable Turnover: Net Credit Sales ÷ Average Accounts Receivable
P1,500,000 ÷ [(P200,000 + P400,000) ÷ 2] = 5.0 times
ix
. Answer: D
Average Daily Sales: Annual credit sales ÷ Days’ Year
P4 million ÷ 360 days = P11,111

Average Collection Period: Average Accounts Receivable ÷ Average Daily Sales

[(P390,000 + P410,000) ÷ 2] ÷ P11,111 = 36 days
x
. Answer: A
Sales P30,000
Add decrease in Accounts Receivable 1,000
Cash collected from sales P31,000
xi
. Answer: B
Inventory Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold ÷ Average Inventory
Cost of goods sold P 900,000
Add Ending inventory 180,000
Total cost available for sales 1,080,000
Deduct cost of purchases 960,000
Beginning inventory P 120,000
Average Inventory: (P120,000 + P180,000) ÷ 2 P150,000
Inventory Turnover: (P900,000 ÷ P150,000) 6 times
An alternative computation of the inventory turnover is to use Net Sales instead of Cost of Goods Sold.
xii
. Answer: D
Average inventory: (P180,000 + P156,000) ÷ 2 P168,000
Inventory Turnover: (P600,000 ÷ P168,000) 3.57 times
xiii
. Answer: A
Average Inventory: (P341,169 + P376,526) ÷ 2 P358,847.50
Inventory Turnover: (P2,000,326 ÷ P358,847.50) 5.6 times
xiv
. Answer: A
Average Inventory: (P90,000 + P110,000) ÷ 2 P100,000
Inventory Turnover: (P330,000 ÷ P100,000) 3.3 times
xv
. Answer: B
Average Inventory: (P672,000 + P576,000) ÷2 P624,000
Inventory Turnover: (P2,400,000 ÷ P624,000) 3.846 times
Inventory Turnover in Days: 365 days ÷ 3.846 94.9 days

Alternative Computation:
Average daily cost of goods sold: = (P2,400,000 ÷ 365) P6,575.34
Turnover in Days: P624,000 ÷ P6,575.34 94.9 days
xvi
. Answer: A
Average Accounts Receivable: (P900,000 ÷ P1,000,000) ÷ 2 P 950,000
Average inventory; (P1.1M + P1.2M) ÷ 2 P1,150,000

Net sales: (P950,000 x 5) P4,750,000

Cost of goods sold (P1,150,000 x 4) 4,600,000
Gross margin P 150,000
xvii
. Answer: B
Current liabilities P 100,000
Long-term debt 400,000
Deferred income tax 10,000
Total Liabilities 510,000
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock P 80,000
Common stock 100,000
Premium on common stock 180,000
Retained earnings 170,000 530,000
Total Assets P1,040,000

Debt Ratio: P510,000 ÷ P1,040,000 = 0.49

xviii
. Answer: D
Times interest earned: Earnings before interest ÷ Interest
Income before tax (P48,000 + P46,000) P 94,000
Add Interest expense 35,000
Income before Interest expense P129,000

TIE: P129,000 ÷ P35,000 3.7 times

xix
. Answer: A
 TIE: Income before interest expense ÷ Interest expense
Income before income tax P400,000
Add back Interest expense 100,000
Income before interest expense P500,000

TIE: P500,000 ÷ P100,000 5 times

xx
. Answer: C
Interest Expense: P1M x 0.1 P100,000
Income before interest expense: P350,000 + P100,000 P450,000
Times interest earned: (P450,000 ÷ P100,000) 4.5 times
xxi
. Answer: C
Net income P400,000
Add: Income taxes P300,000
Interest 60,000 360,000
Income before interest P760,000

TIE: P760,000 ÷ P60,000 12.67 times

xxii
. Answer: B
Earnings before interest expense (P20,000 x 4.5) P90,000
Deduct interest expense 20,000
Income before income tax P70,000
Deduct income tax (P70,000 x 0.4) 28,000
Net income P42,000
xxiii
. Answer: D
Income to Common; (P240,000 – P20,000) P220,000
Average Common Equity: (P750,000 + P1,170,000) ÷ 2 P960,000
Return on Common Equity: (P220 ÷ P960) 23 percent
xxiv
. Answer: B
The dividend yield is 8 percent (P1.40 ÷ P17.50)
The dividend yield measures the return of investment in terms of dividends received. The total expected returns
consists of Dividend Yield and the Appreciation in market price and dividend
xxv
. Answer: D
Market Value of Equity (P3M x 3.5) P10,500,000
Market price per share: (P10.5M ÷ 100,000) P105
xxvi
. Answer: B
EPS: P50,000 ÷ 100,000 shares P0.50
P/E Ratio: P4.00 ÷ P0.50 8 to 1
xxvii
. Answer: D
EPS: (P1,200,000 – P300,000) ÷ 100,000 P9.00
P/E Ratio: 144 ÷ 9 16
xxviii
. Answer: A
Payout Ratio: Common Dividends ÷ Income Available to Common
P120,000 ÷ P280,000 = 42.9%
xxix
. Answer: B
Price-earnings ratio: Market price ÷ EPS
EPS: Net income ÷ /Weighted-average common shares
EPS: P200,000 ÷ 50,000 shares P4.00
P/E Ratio: P60 ÷ P4 15.0X
xxx
. Answer: C
Payout Ratio: Dividends ÷ Income to Common
P40,000÷ P200,000 = 20.0%
xxxi
. Answer: D
ROE: (8% x 1.25) 10.00%
Last year’s Debt Ratio 1 – (10% ÷ 15%) 33.33%
Proposed Debt Ratio 1 – (10% ÷ 20%) 50.00%
Increase in debt ratio: (50.00% - 33.33%) ÷ 33.33% 50.00%
xxxii
. Answer: A
1 – (0.03 ÷ 0.05) = 40%
xxxiii
. Answer: B
Degree of Financial Leverage: Operating Income ÷ Interest Expense
xxxiv
. Answer: A
Total stockholders’ equity P8,000,000
Deduct:
Liquidation value of Preferred Stock (50,000 s P110) P5,500,000
Unpaid Preferred Dividends (P5M x 6%) 300,000 5,800,000
Common Equity P2,200,000

Book Value per Share: P2.2M ÷ 400,000 shares P5.50

xxxv
. Answer: C
Book Value per Share: Common Equity ÷ Outstanding Shares
P140,000 ÷ 10,000 shares = P14.00
xxxvi
. Answer: A
The inventory amount can be calculated as follows:
Current liabilities: Working Capital = current liabilities based on 2:1 current ratio. At 2:1 current ratio, the amount of
working capital and current liabilities are both P1,120,000.

Inventory: Current liabilities x (Current ratio – Acid test ratio)

P1,120,000 x (2.0 – 1.25) P840,000

A detailed computation can be made as follows:

Current assets: P1,120,000 x 2 P2,240,000
Liquid assets: P1,120,000 x 1.25 1,400,000
Inventory P 840,000
xxxvii
. Answer: C
Inventory balance: Gross profit ÷ (Difference between 2 inventory turnovers)
360,000/(15 – 10.5) = P80,000
xxxviii
. Answer: A
Inventory balance (P120,000 x (2.0 – 1.5) P 60,000
Cost of goods sold 60,000 x 8 P480,000
Sales (P480,000 ÷ 0.60) P800,000
xxxix
. Answer: A
Average Accounts Receivable: (P900,000 ÷ P1,000,000) ÷ 2 P 950,000
Average inventory; (P1.1M + P1.2M) ÷ 2 P1,150,000

Net sales: (P950,000 x 5) P4,750,000

Cost of goods sold (P1,150,000 x 4) 4,600,000
Gross margin P 150,000
xl
. Answer: C
Dividend per share: 0.75 x P2.20 P1.65
Market price: 10 x 2.20 22.00
Dividend yield: P1.65 ÷ P22.00 = 7.5%
xli
. Answer: D
EBIT 1,250,000
Less interest expense 250,000
Earnings before tax 1,000,000
Less Income tax 40% 400,000
Net income 600,000
Less Preferred dividends 200,000
Earnings to Common Stock 400,000
Earnings per share 400,000/25,000 16.00
Dividend per share: 400,000 x 0.40 ÷ 25,000 6.40

Dividend yield 6.4 ÷ (16 x 5) 8.0%

xlii
. Answer: B
ROA: Operating income ÷ Average Total Assets
 P145,000 ÷ P1,430,000 = 10.1%
xliii
. Answer: B
Return on stockholders’ equity: Net income ÷ Average stockholders’ equity
P115,000 ÷ P1,027,500 = 11.2%
xliv
. Answer: C
Net income P115,000
Deduct Preferred Dividends 9,000
Income available to common shares P106,000

EPS: (P106,000 ÷ 60,000) P1.77

xlv
. Answer: A
P/E Ratio: P30 ÷ 1.766 = 17.0 times