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Integrarea Unor Expresii Irationale
Integrarea Unor Expresii Irationale
EXPRESII IRATIONALE
1) R(x; n ax b )dx
Notatie ax b t n
2) R(x; R(x; n1 ax b )dx;.....; nk ax b )dx
Notatie ax b t m m c.m.m.m.c( n1 , n2 ,...., nk )
ax b
3) (x; n )dx
cx d
ax b
Notatie tn
cx d
ax b ax b
4) (x; n1 ;.......; nk )dx
cx d cx d
ax b
Notatie t m m c.m.m.m.c (n1 , n2 ,...., nk )
cx d
5)
R(x; ax 2 bx c )
i) a 0
ax 2 bx c t x a sau(t x a )
ii) c 0
ax 2 bx c tx c sau(tx c)
iii) 0 ( , radacini)
ax 2 bx c t(x - ) sau t(x - )
APLICATII
1- x
t2
1 x
1- x t2 t2x
x (t 2 1) 1 t 2
1 t2
x
1 t2
2t (1 t 2 ) 2t (1 t 2 )
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
2t 2t 3 2t 2t 3
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
4t 3
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
t4 2t 2 1
I ' 4
(1 t 2 ) 2
dt 4[ dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
dt ]
t2 1
I ' 4[1 t2
2 2t
dt
dt ]
I1
1 t2
dt (
1 t
t2 1
t
)
(11t 2 ) 2
dt ( 1
1
t 2 )2
I 4[t 2
dt t
'
dt ]
f (t ) t (1 gt (t)
' 2 2
) (1 t 2 ) 2
(1 t ) 2 2
1 1
I ' ' 4[t 2
f (t) 1
(1 g(t)2
t ) -
dt 3 1
(1 t 2 2
)
dt ]
2(1 t 2 )
1 1 t2 t2
I1 1 2 2 dt t 1 dt 1
I1 (1 2t dt)
1 t 2(1 t ) 2 1 t 2
(21 t 2 ) 2 dt
3 t
I1 arctg t
2 2(1 t 2 )
7 6t
I ' 4t arctg t -
2 (1 t 2 )
1- x
6
1- x 7 1- x 1 x
I -4 arctg
1 x 2 1 x 2
1 x
1- x 7 1- x 1- x
I -4 arctg 3(1 x)
1 x 2 1 x 1 x
x 3
x 2
x 3
x x 3
x 2
I 3[ 3
x ln( 3
x 1) ]
5 4 3 2
3
x 2
- 3[ 3
x l n(3
x 1)]
2
x 3
x 2
x 3
x x
I 3( ) C
5 4 3
dx
3) I (1 x) 1 x x 2
x R \ { -1}
a 0 1 x x 2
t x |2
1 x x 2
t 2
2t x x 2
2
x (1 2t ) t 1
t 2
1
x
1 2t
2
2t (1 2t ) 2(t 1)
dx dt
(1 2t ) 2
2t 4t 2
2t 2
2
dx dt
(1 2t ) 2
2
2t 2t 2
dx dt
(1 2t ) 2
t 2 1 1 2t t 2 1 t 2 2t
1 x 1
1 2t 1 2t 1 2t
t 1 t 2t 2 t 2 1
2
1 x x t x t
2
1 2t 1 2t
t 2 t 1
1 2t
1 1
2
(1 x ) 1 x x 2
t 2t t 2 t 1
.
1 2t 1 2t
(1 2t ) 2
t (t 2)(t 2 t 1)
(1 2t ) 2 2( t 2 t 1)
I'
t (t 2)( t 2 t 1) (1 2t ) 2
dt
1
I' 2
t (t 1)
dt
1 A B ( A B )t A
t (t 1) t t 1 t (t 1)
A B 0
A 1 A 1
B 1
1 1
I ' 2[ dt
t t 1
dt ]
c0
x 2 x 1 tx 1 |2
x 2 x 1 t 2 x 2 2tx 1
x 2 x t 2 x 2 2tx |: x
x - 1 t 2 x 2t
x (1 t 2 ) 2t 1
2t 1
x
(1 t 2 )
2(1 t 2 ) ( 2t 1)(2t )
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
2 2t 2 4t 2 2t
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
2t 2 2t 2
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
2t 1 2t 2 t 1 t 2
x2 x 1 t 1
1 t2 1 t2
t2 t 1
1 t2
x2 x
I
x x x 1
2
dx
x x x 1
2
dx
dx
x x x 1
2
x dx dx
I
x x 1
2
dx
x x 1
2
x x x 1
2
x (2t 1) (1 t )2
2t 1
2
x x 1 (1 t ) (t t 1) t t 1
2 2 2
1 1 t2
x2 x 1 t t 1
2
1 (1 t 2 ) (1 t 2 ) (1 t 2 ) 2
x x 2 x 1 ( 2t 1) (t t 1) ( 2t 1)(t 2 t 1)
2
2t 1 2(t 2 t 1) 1 t 2 2(t 2 t 1)
I'
t2 t 1
.
1 t2
dt
.
t 2 t 1 (1 t 2 ) 2
dt
(1 t 2 ) 2 2(t 2 t 1)
.
(2t 1)(t 2 t 1) (1 t 2 ) 2
dt
2t 1 dt dt
I' 2
(1 t )
2 2
dt 2
1 t 2
2
2t 1
2t 1 A B C D
(1 t ) (1 t )
2 2
1 t (1 t ) 1 t (1 t ) 2
2
-A+C=0 =>C=A
-A+B-C+D=0
A+2B-C-2D=2
A+B+C+D=-1
-2A+B+D=0
2B-2D=2 => B=1+D
2A+B+D=-1
-2A+2D=-1
2A+2D=-2
4D=-3
D=-3/4 ; A=-1/4 ; C=-1/4 ; B=-1/4
2A 1
1 11 A B
A B1 t 2 1 t 1 t
2 2
1 1
1 A(11 t )
1B (1 t ) 1 dt 3 dt
I ' 2
4 1 t
A dt
B 0
4 (1 t ) 2
dt
4 1 t 4 (1 t ) 2
dt A B dt 1 dt
1- t
1 t
2
2t - 1
1 1 1 3
I ' ln(1 t ) ln(1 t ) ln(1 t )
2 2(1 t ) 2 2(1 t )
ln(1 t) ln(2t - 1)
1 1 1 3
I ' ln(1 t ) ln(1 t ) ln(2t 1)
2 2 2(1 t ) 2(1 t )
x2 x 1 1
t
x
1 x x2 x 1 1 x x2 x 1 1
I ' [ln ln
2 x x
2 x x 1 1 x
2
x
- ln
x 2( x x x 1 1)
2
3x
]
2( x x x 1 1)
2
dx
5) I
( x 1) x 2 3x 2
, x (-,1) ( 2, )
1 0
x1 1; x2 2
x 2 3 x 2 t ( x 1) |2
x 2 3 x 2 t 2 ( x 1) 2
( x 1)( x 2) t 2 ( x 1) 2 |: (x - 1)
x-2t xt 2 2
x (1 t 2 ) 2 t 2
2 t2
x
1 t2
2t (1 t 2 ) 2t ( 2 t 2 )
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
2t 2t 3 4t 2t 3
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
2t
dx dt
(1 t 2 ) 2
2 t 2 1
x 1 1
1 t 2 1 t 2
t
x 2
3x 2
1 t 2
(1 t 2 ) 2 2t
'
I dt 2 dt 2t c
t (1 t 2 )2
x 2
t
x 1
x 2
I 2 c
x 1
6) I
ln x
dx ; x e - 2- 6
, e -2 6
\ {0}
x 1 4 ln x ln 2
x
ln x t
x et dx e t dt
t t
'
I e t dt dt
et 1 - 4t - t 2
1 - 4t - t 2
c 0 1 - 4t - t 2
zt 1 |2
1 - 4t - t 2
z 2
t 2
2 zt 1
- 4t - t 2
z 2
t 2
2 zt |: t
4 t z 2t 2 z
4 2 z t ( z 2 1)
4 2z
t 2
z 1
2( z 2 1) 2 z (4 2 z )
dt dz
( z 2 1) 2
2z 2 2 8z 4z 2
dt dz
( z 2 1) 2
2z 2 8z 2
dt dz
( z 2 1) 2
4 2z 4z 2z 2 z 2 1
1 4t t 2 z 1
z2 1 z2 1
z 2 4z 1
z2 1
4 2z z2 1 2( z 2 4 z 1)
I ''
.
z 2 1 z 2 4z 1
.
( z 2 1) 2
dz
z2 z dz
I ''
( z 2 1) 2
dz
dz 2
(2z 2 1) 2 2 ( z 2 1) 2
1 z 1 z
I1
( z 1)
2 2
dz
( z 2 1) 2
dz
1 z2
z2 1
dz
( z 2 1) 2
dz
z
f ( z) z g' ( z) 2
( z 1) 2
1
f ' ( z) 1 g(z)
2( z 2 1)
z 1
I1 arctg ( z ) arctg ( z )
2( z 1) 2
2
1 z
I1 arctg ( z ) c1
2 2( z 1)
2
1 z
I '' arctg ( z ) 2 c2
2( z 1)
2
( z 1)
1 4t t 2 1
z
t
t2 1 4t t 2 1
I
'
arctg
4(1 2t 1 4t t 2 ) t
2(1 2t 1 4t t 2 )( 1 4t t 2 1)
c3
t3
ln 2 x
I
4(1 2 ln x 1 4 ln x ln 2 x )
1 4 ln x ln 2 x 1
arctg
ln x
2(1 2 ln x 1 4 ln x ln 2 x )( 1 4t ln 2 x 1)
c
ln 3 x