Oasis Academy Hadley

New Document 1 Name: ________________________

Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

 
 
 
 

Time: 60 minutes

Marks: 62 marks

Comments:
 

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

Q1.(a)     Outline a mechanism for the reaction of CH CH CH CHO with HCN and name the
3 2 2

product.

Mechanism

Name of product ..........................................................................................

(5)

(b)     Outline a mechanism for the reaction of CH OH with CH CH COCl and name the
3 3 2

organic product.

Mechanism

Name of organic product ..............................................................................

(5)

(c)     An equation for the formation of phenylethanone is shown below. In this reaction a
reactive intermediate is formed from ethanoyl chloride. This intermediate then reacts
with benzene.

(i)      Give the formula of the reactive intermediate.

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

(ii)     Outline a mechanism for the reaction of this intermediate with benzene to form
phenylethanone.

 
(4)
(Total 14 marks)

Q2.(a)     Define the term electron affinity for chlorine.

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(2)

(b)     Complete this Born−Haber cycle for magnesium chloride by giving the missing species on
the dotted lines. Include state symbols where appropriate.

The energy levels are not drawn to scale.

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

(6)

(c)     Table 1 contains some enthalpy data.

Table 1
 
    Enthalpy change / kJ mol−1

  Enthalpy of atomisation of magnesium +150

  Enthalpy of atomisation of chlorine +121

  First ionisation energy of magnesium +736

  Second ionisation energy of magnesium +1450

  Enthalpy of formation of magnesium chloride −642

  Lattice enthalpy of formation of magnesium chloride −2493

Use your Born−Haber cycle from part (b) and data from Table 1 to calculate a value for
the electron affinity of chlorine.

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

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(3)

(d)     Table 2 contains some more enthalpy data.

Table 2
 
    Enthalpy change / kJ mol−1

  Enthalpy of hydration of Mg2+ ions −1920

  Enthalpy of hydration of Na+ ions −406

  Enthalpy of hydration of Cl− ions −364

(i)      Explain why there is a difference between the hydration enthalpies of the

magnesium and sodium ions.

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(2)

(ii)     Use data from Table 1 and Table 2 to calculate a value for the enthalpy
change when one mole of magnesium chloride dissolves in water.

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(2)
(Total 15 marks)

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

Q3.The following equation shows the formation of ammonia.

 
+ NH (g)3

N (g)
2 H (g)
2

The graph shows how the free-energy change for this reaction varies with temperature
above 240 K.

(a)     Write an equation to show the relationship between ∆G, ∆H and ∆S.

........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)     Use the graph to calculate a value for the slope (gradient) of the line. Give the units
of this slope and the symbol for the thermodynamic quantity that this slope
represents.

Value of the slope ..........................................................................................

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Units ...............................................................................................................

Symbol ...........................................................................................................
(3)

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

(c)     Explain the significance, for this reaction, of temperatures below the temperature
value where the line crosses the temperature axis.

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(2)

(d)     The line is not drawn below a temperature of 240 K because its slope (gradient)
changes at this point.

Suggest what happens to the ammonia at 240 K that causes the slope of the line to
change.

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(1)
(Total 7 marks)

Q4.Ammonium chloride, when dissolved in water, can act as a weak acid as shown by the
following equation.

NH4+(aq) NH3(aq) + H+(aq)

The following figure shows a graph of data obtained by a student when a solution of
sodium hydroxide was added to a solution of ammonium chloride. The pH of the reaction
mixture was measured initially and after each addition of the sodium hydroxide solution.

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

(a)     Suggest a suitable piece of apparatus that could be used to measure out the sodium
hydroxide solution.
Explain why this apparatus is more suitable than a pipette for this purpose.

Apparatus ......................................................................................................

Explanation ....................................................................................................

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(2)

(b)     Use information from the curve in the figure above to explain why the end point of
this reaction would be difficult to judge accurately using an indicator.

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(2)

(c)     The pH at the end point of this reaction is 11.8.

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Use this pH value and the ionic product of water, Kw = 1.0 × 10−14 mol2 dm−6, to
calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions at the end point of the reaction.

Concentration = ............................... mol dm−3

(3)

(d)     The expression for the acid dissociation constant for aqueous ammonium ions is

The initial concentration of the ammonium chloride solution was 2.00 mol dm−3.

Use the pH of this solution, before any sodium hydroxide had been added, to
calculate a value for Ka

Ka = ............................... mol dm−3

(3)

(e)     A solution contains equal concentrations of ammonia and ammonium ions.

Use your value of Ka from part (d) to calculate the pH of this solution. Explain your
working.

(If you were unable to calculate a value for Ka you may assume that it has the value
4.75 × 10−9 mol dm−3. This is not the correct value.)

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

pH= ...............................
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

Q5.          Consider the reaction sequence shown below.

(a)     Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction in Step 1.

Name of mechanism ....................................................................................

Mechanism

 
(5)

(b)     (i)      Name compound Q formed in Step 2.

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(ii)     Two stereoisomers are formed by the dehydration of Q. Give the structures of
these two isomers and name the type of stereoisomerism shown.

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

Structures of isomers

Type of stereoisomerism ..............................................................................

(4)

(c)     An isomer of Q which has the structure shown below is polymerised to form the
biodegradeable polymer known as PHB.

(i)      Draw the repeating unit of the polymer PHB.

(ii)     Suggest a reason why the polymer is biodegradeable.

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(2)

(d)     The amino acid R is shown below.

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 Oasis Academy Hadley

(i)      Draw the structure of the zwitterion formed by R.

(ii)     Draw the structure of the major organic product formed when an excess of R is
reacted with bromomethane.

(iii)     Name the mechanism of the reaction which results in the formation of the
product given in part (ii).

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(3)
(Total 14 marks)

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