Operation on Fractions

Operation on the Fractions

In the previous chapter, we have studied about the fractions. In this chapter we will study
operations on the fractions, like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division on fractions.

Addition of Fractions

Make the denominator of fractions same by multiplying a suitable number to the numerator and
denominator of both fractions. The common denominator is the denominator of the resultant
fraction and addition of numerators is the numerator of the resultant fraction.

Example:

Add

1216

and

1316

. 

Solution:

1216+1316=12+1316=2516

 Example:

Add

109

and

910

Solution:

109=109×1010=10090
910=910×99=8190

Therefore, their sum=

10090+8190=100+8190=18190

Subtraction of Fractions                                                     _

Make the denominator of each fraction same by multiplying a suitable number to the numerator
and denominator of both fractions. The common denominator is the denominator of resultant
fraction and result of numerators after subtraction is this numerator of the resultant fraction.

 Example:

Subtract

2327

from

3027

Solution:

3027−2327=30−2327=727

 Example:

Subtract

1617

from

1819

Solution:

1617

=
16×1917×19=304323

1819

18×1719×17=306323

  

Therefore, difference =

306323−304323=2323

Multiplication of Fractions

Numerator is multiplied to numerator and denominator is multiplied to denominator on

multiplication of any two fractions.

 Example:

Find the product of

1320

and

69

Solution:

1320×1619=13×1620×19=208380

 Example:

Find the product of

2325

and

175207

.
Solution:

2325×175207=23×17525×207=79

{∵23×9=207 and 25×7=175}

Multiplication of a Fraction and a Whole Number

Simply, numerator of a fraction is multiplied by a whole number and denominator remains same
as the denominator of a fraction.

 Example:

Find the product of

2615

and 22.

Solution:

2615×22=26×2215=57215

 Example:

Find the product of 25 and

127140

Solution:

25×127140=25×127140=63528

Division of Fractions

For division of fractions, we use following steps:

step1: Reverse the order of divisor fraction so that denominator becomes numerator and
numerator becomes denominator and put the sign of multiplication in place of division.

step2: Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator.

Divide
2033

by

511

Solution:

2033÷511=2033×115=43

Division of a Fraction by a Whole Number and Vice Versa

The steps used for division are:

Step1:  Whole number is written as a fraction by taking 1 as denominator.

Step2: Reverse the order of divisor so that denominator becomes numerator and numerator
becomes denominator, and put the sign of multiplication in place of division.

Step3:  Multiply numerator with numerator and denominator with denominator.

 Example:

Divide

1215

by 25.

Solution:

1215÷25=1215×125=1215×25=4125

 Example:

Divide 216 by

2736

Solution:

216÷2736=
2161×3627=216×3627=24×12=288

Conversion of a Fraction into Decimals

Divide the numerator by denominator till the remainder becomes zero. If the digits in the
numerator goes off, than take other digits as 0 and put the decimal point in the quotient.

 Example:

Convert

33912

into decimals.

Solution:

    Operation on the Fraction  

  Addition and Subtraction of Like Fractions   

Like fractions have same denominator. In the operation of addition, numerators of the like
fractions are added and their sum become the numerator for the required fraction and their
common denominator becomes denominator. For the example:                

PQ+RQ+P+RQ=SQ

(Where

S=P+R

). In the operation of subtraction, difference of numerators is found                

Ex:
PQ−RQ=P−RQ=SQ

(Where

S=P−R

) 

Add

157

and

97

               

Explanation           

Addition of

157

and

97=157+97

               

=9+157=247.

Subtract

97

from
157.

               

Solution:                

157−97=15−97=67.

Addition and Subtraction of Unlike Fractions

In the operation of addition of unlike fractions, LCM of denominators is found. The LCM
becomes denominator for the required fraction. Now the LCM is divided each of the
denominators and quotient is multiplied with the respective numerates Sum of the products
becomes numerator for the required fraction. For the example,                

PQ+RS=(T÷Q)P+(T÷S)RT=ZT

               

[Where T is LCM of Q and S and

Z=(T ÷ Q)P+(T ÷ S)R ] 

               

In case of subtraction, difference of the product becomes numerator for the required fraction

PQ−RS=(T÷Q)P−(T÷S)RT=ZT

                 

[Where T is LCM of Q and S and

z=(T ÷ Q)P-(T ÷ S)R ] 

Find

715+820
               

Explanation                

LCM of 15 and 20 =60                

Thus

715+820=(60÷15)7+(60÷20)860

               

=4×7+3×860=5260=1315

Find

715−820.

               

Solution:                

715−820=(60÷15)7−(60÷20)860

                              

4×7−3×860=460=115.

               

Addition and Subtraction of Mixed Fractions                

Mixed fractions are changed into improper fractions and then improper fractions are added or
subtracted as per the given problems.                

Add
4115

and

5512.

                               

Explanation                

4115=6115

and

5512=6512

               

6115+1512=(60÷15)61+(60÷12)6560=56960.

                 

Multiplication of a Fraction and a Whole Number                

Let

PQ

is a fraction and R is a whole number. Their product

PQ × R

can also be written as

PQ × R1.

Now multiply numerator to numerator and denominator to denominator.

Find the product of 8 and

PQ × R1.
               

Explanation                

8×2275

or

81×2275=17675.

                 

Multiplication of Fractions                

Numerator is multiplied with numerator and denominator is multiplied with denominator.

For the example ,

PQ × RS=P × RQ × S.

Find the product of

517

and

3285.

               

Explanation                

517×3285=5×3217×85

                        

=1601445=32289.

               

Multiplication of a Fraction and a Mixed Fraction                

Step 1: Mixed fraction is changed into an improper fraction                

Step 2: Numerator is multiplied with numerator and denominator is multiplied withdenominator

Multiply

72100

and

71213.

               

Explanation                 

71213=10313

               

And

10313×72100=74161300.

Division of a Fraction by a Whole Number and Vice Versa                

Let

PQ

is a fraction and R is a whole number. The fraction

PQ

is divided by the whole number

R⇒PQ ÷ R

               
Step 1:  Whole number is written as a fraction by taking 1 as denominator

PQ ÷ R1.

               

Step2: Reverse the order of divisor so that denominator becomes numerator and numerator
becomes denominator, and put the sign of multiplication in place of division.

PQ×1R.

               

Step3: Multiply numerator with numerator and denominator with denominator

P × 1Q × R

Divide

724

by 4.                

Explanation                

724÷4⇒724÷41⇒724×124⇒7×124×4⇒796.

  

Divide 8 by \frac{256}{27}                

Solution:

8\div \frac{256}{27}                

8\times \frac{256}{27}                

=\frac{27}{32}                
 Division of Fractions                

Let \frac{\text{p}}{\text{q}} and \frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}} are two fractions and \frac{\text{p}}

{\text{q}} is divided by \frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}}\Rightarrow \frac{\text{p}}
{\text{q}}\text{ }\!\!\div\!\!\text{ }\frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}}\text{.}                

Step 1: Reverse the order of divisor fraction and put the sign of multiplication in place of
division \frac{\text{p}}{\text{q}}\times \frac{\text{r}}{\text{s}}\text{.}                

Step 2: Multiply numerator with numerator and denominator with denominator                

\frac{\text{p}}{\text{q}}\text{ }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }\frac{\text{s}}{\text{r}}\text{.}

Divide \frac{17}{15} by \frac{12}{23}.                

Explanation                

\frac{17}{15}\div \frac{12}{23}\Rightarrow \frac{17}{15}\times \frac{23}{12}\Rightarrow

\frac{17\times 23}{15\times 12}\Rightarrow \frac{391}{180}.                

Note: If there is mixed fraction as a divisor or as a dividend, the mixed fraction is first changed
into an improper fraction and the above process is followed.  

 When a fraction is multiplied or divided by 1, the fraction remains same.

 A unit fraction is always a proper fraction.
 Sum of two unit fraction is not a unit fraction.

 In addition of like fractions, sum of their numerators is numerators is numerator and the
common denominator is the denominator for the resultant fraction.
 In subtraction of like fractions, difference of their numerators is the numerator and the comoon
denominator is the denominator for the resultant fraction.
 In addition of mixed fractions, mixed fractions are converted into improper fractions then they
are added.
 In multiplication of fractions, numerator is multiplied with numerator and denominator is
multiplied with denominator.
  In division of fractions, the order of numerator and denominator of the divisor fraction is
reversed.  

Add \frac{12}{15} and \frac{27}{12}and choose the correct option.                

(a) \frac{39}{20}                       

(b) \frac{61}{12}                

(c) \frac{61}{15}                        

(d) \frac{61}{20}                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (d)                

Explanation                

\frac{12}{15}=\frac{4}{5}and\frac{27}{12}=\frac{9}{4}                

\frac{4}{5}+\frac{9}{4}\frac{(20\div 5)4+(20\div 4)9}{20}                

=\frac{61}{20}             

What fraction should be added to \frac{7}{45}toget \frac{45}{7}?                

(a) \frac{1976}{315}                

(b) \frac{1472}{315}                

(c) \frac{1876}{315}                 

(d) \frac{1972}{315}                

(e) None of these                

Answer: (a)                

Explanation 
\frac{45}{7}-\frac{7}{45}=\frac{(315\div 7)45-(315\div 45)7}{315}=\frac{1976}{315}.

Represent the shaded part in the following figures as a fraction and find their sum:  

                                      

(a) 1                      

(b) \frac{2}{3}                

(c) \frac{3}{4}                            

(d) \frac{4}{5}                                            

(e) None of these                

Answer: (a)                  

By how much \frac{32}{70} is greater than \frac{42}{100}?                

(a) \frac{45}{94}                       

(b) \frac{57}{100}                

(c) \frac{13}{350}                     

(d) \frac{13}{700}                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (c)                

  \frac{4}{5}+\frac{6}{7}+\frac{19}{3}=7\frac{\text{A}}{\text{105}}which one of the

following numbers should come in place of A? 

(a) 104                                                 

(b) 94                
(c) 105                                                  

(d) 44                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (a)                

  Which one of the following is the product of \frac{42}{68}and \frac{72}{160}?

(a) \frac{456}{680}                   

(b) \frac{189}{680}                

(c) \frac{784}{458}                   

(d) \frac{698}{680}                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (b)                

Explanation                  

\frac{42}{68}\times \frac{72}{160}                

=\frac{3024}{10880}=\frac{189}{680}                

A and B are two points on the following number line. Each of them represents a
fraction. Find their product.

     

(a) \frac{14}{81}                                                       

(b) \frac{14}{9}                         

(c) \frac{14}{18}                        

(d) \frac{13}{9}                

(e) None of these                

Answer: (a)                

Explanation

A represents the fraction \frac{2}{9} and B represents the fraction \frac{7}{9} and their product

=\frac{2}{9}\times \frac{7}{9}                

=\frac{14}{81}.                

How many boxes in the figure (2) should be shaded so that product of the fractional
representation for the shaded part in the following figures is \frac{3}{40}?    

                                                     

(a) 1                                                      

(b) 2                

(c) 3                                                      

(d) 4                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (c)                

Jack multiplies two unit fractions and finds the following conclusions. Which one is
not true?                

(a) Value of the resultant fraction increases                

(b) Value of the resultant fraction decreases                

(c) The resultant fraction is also a unit fraction                

(d) The resultant fraction is also a proper fraction                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (a)                

In which one of the following figures shaded part represents equivalentfraction of the
product of \frac{2}{7}\times \frac{35}{13}?    

(a)                      

(b)                                

(c)                                 

(d)                                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (a)                  

Product of a whole number and a fraction is \frac{26}{7}.If the whole number is 9, find
the fraction.                

(a) \frac{234}{7}                                       

(b) \frac{26}{63}                

(c) \frac{63}{26}                                                        

(d) \frac{7}{234}                

(e) None of these                  

Answer: (b)  

Find the quotient when A is divided by B.

(a)  \frac{3}{5}                                           
(b)\frac{3}{16}                

(c) \frac{5}{16}                                                          

(d) \frac{3}{80}                

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (a)                

Explanation                

A represents =\frac{3}{16} and B represents \frac{5}{16}                

\text{A }\!\!\div\!\!\text{ B=}\frac{\text{3}}{\text{16}}\text{ }\!\!\div\!\!\text{ }\frac{\text{5}}

{\text{16}}                                

\Rightarrow \frac{3}{16}\times \frac{16}{5}\Rightarrow \frac{3}{5}.                

\frac{x}{y}is a fraction and z is a whole number. Which one of the following is not
correct?  

(a) if x=z,\frac{x}{y}\div z=\frac{1}{y}                

(b) if y=z,\frac{x}{y}\div z=\frac{1}{{{y}^{2}}}                

(c) If  x=y=z,quotient of \frac{x}{y}\div zis an improper fraction                

(d) If  \frac{x}{y} is a unit fraction and z=y,zis reciprocal of  \frac{x}{y}                  

(e) None of these                                

Answer: (c)                                  

Represent the shaded part in the following figures as a fraction and solve

                                 

(a) \frac{1}{8}                            
(b) \frac{3}{4}                

(c) \frac{1}{4}                            

(d) \frac{1}{6}                

(e) None of these                

Answer: (d)  

     Introduction

In the previous chapter we have studied about the fractions. In this chapter we will  study some
operations on the fractions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, I and division on fractions.