WATER STEAM CYCLE in POWER PLANT

Steam HP & IP Turbines LP Turbines Water Treatment

Generator and
Condensers 1 & 2
Main Steam:
CC,Si

Saturated
Steam: Cooling
CC,Si,Na Reheaters: Water:
CC,Si NH2Cl, ORP
Boiler Water: Hotwells 1 & 2
Makeup
SC,CC,Si,PO4 Water:
CC,Si,Na
Main Condensate:
CC,Si,Na

Feadwater Tank Condensate

Polishing:
SC,CC,Si,Na,
Feadwater:
SC,CC,DO,pH
 Point : Feed Water
2

Feed Water Treatment Type Process

AVT( All Volatile Treatment) Feedwater pH is maintain between 9 ~ 10 with
addition of Ammonia. Dissolved oxygen has to be
removed by adding oxygen scanveger (Hydrazine) or
with the use of degasifier.

CWT ( Combined Water Treatment) Feedwater pH is maintain between 8 ~ 9 in addition of

Ammonia. Dissolved Oxygen content between 150 to
300 ppb.

OT ( Oxygenated Treatment) OT ( Oxygenated Treatment) – Feedwater is not

condition to raise the pH. The pH value is keep
between 7 ~ 8. Controlled injection of oxygen
maintains at a level of 150 to 300 ppb.
 Point : Feed Water – measuring parameters
3

Parameters Purpose
Cation Conductivity (CC) For identifying low level contamination by potentially
corrosive anion contaminants such as chlorides,
sulfates, and organic acids
pH Monitor and controlling the alkalization process control
function

Dissolved Oxygen 1.Controlled injection of oxygen for OT

2.Monitor the removal of dissolved O2 for AVT
3.To determine dissolved oxygen removal is in the
deaerator
Oxygen Scavenger Monitor and control injection of oxygen scavenger
 Point : Boiler Water
4

Treatment Type Process

EPT ( Equilibrium Phosphate Treatment) Phosphate residual is maintain at 0.2 to 2.5 ppm.
pH range at 9.0 to 9.7

Caustic treatment Addition of sodium hydroxide to the boiler water.

Boiler water pH controlled at 9.4 to 9.6.
Maintain NaOH level at 1.0 to 1.5 ppm.
 Point : Boiler Water – measuring parameters
5

Parameters Purpose
pH Low pH in the water attacks the steel, thus the pH
conditioning process has to be closely monitored.
Specific Conductivity ( SC) Controlling and monitoring of the chemical treatment

Silica To monitor silica contaminants level in boiler water

Phosphate To monitor the residual phosphate in boiler’s water

 Point : Main Steam – measuring parameters
6

Parameters
Cation Conductivity (CC)
Degassed Conductivity (DC)
Purpose
For identifying low level contamination by potentially
corrosive anion contaminants such as chlorides,
sulfates, and organic acids
Measurement of CO2 contamination
1.To determine air or cooling water leakage
2.To reduce the startup time especially for cold
start up by achieving the conductivity level
determine by turbine manufacturer

To monitor silica carry over in saturated steam to

Silica protect turbine blades

Sodium To detect solids (sodium salts) present in steam.

Sodium’s deposits settle on turbine blades will cause
vibration and lead to damage
 Point : Condensate Polishing
7

Treatment Type Process

Deep-bed Condensate Polishing Hydrogen-hydroxide form, mixed bed polishing

Powdered-Resin Condensate Polishing cation-anion resin, mixed bed polishing

Parameters Purpose
Cation Conductivity ( CC) For identifying low level contamination by potentially
corrosive anion contaminants such as chlorides,
sulfates, and organic acids
Silica To detect ion exchanger exhaustion at polisher

1.To detect sodium ion ( impurities) break through

Sodium and ensure product water is pure.
2. Use for condenser leakage detection
 Discussion
8

• For what (sampling points /

parameters) are SWAN instruments
mainly used ?
• What are your selling arguments ?
• Power plant industries: who is your
contact (contractor / end user)
• Which parameters are in demand ?
 Thanks for your information
9
 Instrumentation in power plant
10

• Who is your customer?

• Bestsellers and door openers
• Selling arguments
• Wish list

Swan International Distributor Meeting 2011

 Who is your customer / contact?
11

• End-user (90%):
Problems with existing installation
Maintenance / handling is an argument
Interested in technical specification
• Contractor (10%):
Prize, prize, $$$$
Only a chance, it customer specifies the
installation

Swan International Distributor Meeting 2011

 But…..
12

…there are other ways

Turbine manufacturer had specified the

degassed conductivity as control parameter

Is there a manufacturer of steam cycle

components in your region?
Do you know him?

Swan International Distributor Meeting 2011

 Bestsellers and door openers
13

• AMI Deltacon DG
No competitor around
Short installation time
Return of investment within 2-3 start up’s
• AMI Sodium P
Easy to handle
Grab sample function

Swan International Distributor Meeting 2011

 USP’s
14

• SWAN analysers are robust / easy to

handle
• Short installation time / run in period
• Verification is possible
• Low maintenance costs
• Well established service network

Swan International Distributor Meeting 2011

 Wish list
15

• Hydrogen (H2)
Indicator of corrosion (low level 0 – 50 ppb) in
supercritical steam
Nuclear power plants: Primary cycle of a light
water reactor (saturation: ~2ppm)
• Water hardness
Control of mixed bed
General parameter in water treatment

Swan International Distributor Meeting 2011

 Wish list part 2
16

• Chloride (Cl-)
Detection of contamination

• Particle counter
Detection of corrosion products

Swan International Distributor Meeting 2011

 Thanks for your information
17