Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net This book is dedicated to all those who love the environment Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering netDownloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net CONTENTS Preface 1 TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS 1.1 Water Pollution. 7 1.2 Categories of Pollutants 13 Treatment and Disposal of Industrial Wastes References 5 2 FLOW MEASUREMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATABILITY STUDIES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS. 2.1 Measurement of Flow 22 Collection, Preservation and Characterization of Samples 2.2.1 Collection of Sample: 2.2.2 Preservation of Samples 2.2.3 Characterization of Samples References Sus44D 3 UNIT OPERATIONS AND UNIT PROCESSES 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Unit Operations 12 3.2.1 Sereenin; 12 3.2.2 Sedimentation and Flotation . 12 3.2.3 Filtration .. 12 Mixing 13 Equalization. 13 Flow Proportioning .. 4 Drying and Incineration 4 Freezing. 15 Foaming. 15 Dialysis and Osmosi 15 Adsorption 16 Gas Transfer 16 Elutriation 16 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering netDownloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net vi CONTENTS 3.3. Unit Processes. 7 3.3.1 pH Correction. 7 3.3.2 Coagulation... 17 3.3.3 Oxidation and Reduction : 17 3.3.4 Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes - 18 References .. 21 4 STREAM POLLUTION AND SELF-PURIFICATION 23-28 4.1 Effect on the Water Environment .. 23 4.2 Effect on the Waste Water 25 4.2.1 Self-Purification 25 Reference .. 28 5 PRETREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES 5.1 Unit Operations 5.2 Unit Processes 6 TEXTILE WASTES. 6.1 Cotton Textile Wastes...... 6.1.1 Raw Material. 6.1.2 Manufacturing Process 6.1.3 Spinning, Weaving and Sizing (or Sinshing) 6.1.4 Desizing 6.1.5 Caustic Kiering (or Scouring) 6.1.6 Chemicking or Bleaching. 6.1.7 Souring 6.1.8 Mercerizing 6.1.9 Souring.... 6.1.10 Dyeing and Prin| 6 6.1.12 Substitution of Chemic: 6.1.13 Modifications to Machinery . 6.1.14 Good Housekeeping Practices 6.1.15 Characteristics and Treatment of Raw Waste Water . 39 62 Woollen Mill Wastes 42 6.2.1 Methods of Treatment of Wool Scouring Wastes... 45 6.2.2 Biological Treatment 47 63 Rayon Wastes 48 6.3.1 Sources of Waste Water 50 6.3.2 Treatment of Waste Water 52 64 Synthetic Fibre Wastes 53 6.4.1 Cellulose Acetate 53 64.2 Nylon 54 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering net