Heat Exchanger (NTU)

1.) In a dairy operation, milk at a flow rate of 250 liter/hour and

a cow-body temperature of 38.6 oC must be chilled to a safe-
to-store temperature of 13 oC or less. Ground water at 10 oC
is available at a flow rate of 0.72 m^3/h. The density and
specific heat of milk are 1030 kg/m^3 and 3860 J/(kg-K),
respectively. a.) Determine the UA product of a counterflow
heat exchanger required for the chilling process. a.)
Determine the length of the exchanger if the inner pipe has a
50-mm diameter and the overall heat transfer coefficient is U
= 1000 W/(m^2-K) b.) Determine the outlet temperature of
the water.
Source: Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer by Yunus A.
Cengel, 2nd Edition, 2008 Problem 11.25

*diagram created and edited using PPT.

Let
T=hot
t=cold

Required:
UA
L (Di = 0.05m; U = 1000W/𝑚^2- K)
t2 (temperature water out)

Assumptions;
(1) Steady-state conditions
 (2) Negligible heat loss to surroundings
(3) Constant properties
Properties and Data:
For water:
ρ= 1000 kg/m3
Cp=4187 J/kg-K
For milk:
ρ= 1030 kg/m3
Cp=3860 J/kg-K

a.)
Hot Fluid, Milk:

ṁh = ρh V̇h = 1030 kg/m3 (250L/h x 10-3 m3/1L x 1h/3600s) = 0.0715

kg/s

Ch = ṁhCp,h = 0.0715 kg/s (3860 J/kg-K) = 275.99 W/K {Cmin}

Cold Fluid, Water:

Cc = ṁcCp,c = 0.72m3/h (1000 kg/m3)(1h/3600s)(4187 J/kg-K) = 837
W/K{Cmax}

ϵ = Q/Qmax = Ch(T1-T2)/Cmin(T1-t1) = (275.99 W/K(38.6-13) ˚C) /

(275.99 W/K(38.6-10) ˚C)

ϵ = 0.895
Cr = 0.33 ---------------------- Cr = Cmin/Cmax

W
C min =275.99 =C h
K
C =837 W / K
Formaxcounterflow: (Cr<1)

NTU = (1/Cr-1)ln(ϵ -1/ ϵCr-1) = 2.842

NTU = UA/Cmin

2.842 = UA/ (275.99 W/K)

UA = 785 W/K

1000W/(𝑚^2−𝐾) (𝜋 x (50/1000)m x L) = 785 ; L = 5m

b.)

𝒒 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍=𝟎
𝒒 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕+𝒒 𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 =𝟎
𝒒 𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅=−𝒒 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕
𝑪𝒄(𝒕_𝟐−𝒕_𝟏 )=−𝑪_𝒉 (𝑻_𝟐−𝑻_𝟏)
𝟖𝟑𝟕 𝑾/𝑲 (𝒕_𝟐−𝟏𝟎℃)=−𝟐𝟕𝟓.𝟗𝟗 𝑾/𝑲 (𝟏𝟑℃−𝟑𝟖.𝟔℃)

t2 = 18.4 ˚C
 2. Cold water (c_p=4180 J/(kg∙°C)) leading to shower enters a thin-walled double-
pipe counter flow heat exchanger at 15°C at a rate of 1.25 kg/s and is heated to
45°C by hot water (c_p=4190 J/(kg∙°C)) that enters at a rate of 3 kg/s. If the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 880 W/(m^2∙°C) , determine the rate of heat
transfer and the heat transfer surface area of the heat exchanger. What would
the area be if the heat exchanger is operating under parallel flow conditions?

source: Heat And Mass Transfer | 4th Edition – Yungus Cengel Chapter 11 Problem
111P

Given:
Cold Water
J
c pc =4180
kg ∙ °C
kg
ṁ c =1.25
s
t i=15 ° C

t o=45° C

Hot water
J
c ph=4190
kg ∙ °C
kg
ṁh=3
s
T i=100 ° C

W
U =880 2
m ∙° C

Required:

• Heat transfer rate ( Q̇ )

• Heat transfer surface area ( A )

 • Heat transfer rate ( Q̇ ) is equal to the heat gained ( Q ˙gain ) of the cold
water and can be calculated with the given.
Q̇=Q ˙gain= ṁ c c pc (t o−t i )

kg J
(
Q̇= 1.25
s )(
4180
kg ∙° C )
( 45−15 ) ° C

J
Q̇=156750
s
Q̇=156750 W =156.75 kW

• The exit temperature of the hot water can be calculated using the law
of conservation of energy
−Q˙lost =Q gain
˙

ṁh c ph ( T o−T i )=−Q ˙gain

−Q gain
˙
T o= +T i
ṁ h c ph
J
−156750
s
T o= + 100° C
kg J
3 ( )(
s
4190
kg ∙ ° C )
T o=87.53 ° C

Solving for Δ𝑇_1 and Δ𝑇_2 for

counter current flow

ΔT 1=T o−t i

ΔT 1=( 87.53−15 ) ° C

ΔT 1=72.53 ° C
 ΔT 2=T i−t o

ΔT 2=( 100−45 ) ° C

Δ T 2=55 ° C

• Solving for the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

Δ T 1−ΔT 2
ΔT lm=
ΔT1
ln
( )
ΔT2

72.53−55
ΔT lm= °C
72.53
ln( 55 )
ΔT lm=63.36 ° C

• Calculating for the heat transfer surface area

Q=UA Δ T lm

Q
A=
U Δ T lm

156750
A= m2
( 880 )( 63.36 )

A=2.81m 2

Solving for Δ T 1 and ΔT 2 for

parallel flow

Δ T 1=T i−t i

ΔT 1=( 100−15 ) ° C

Δ T 1=85 ° C
 ΔT 2=T o−t o

ΔT 2=( 87.53−45 ) ° C

Δ T 2=42.53° C

• Solving for the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

Δ T 1−ΔT 2
ΔT lm=
ΔT1
ln
( )
ΔT2

85−42.53
ΔT lm= °C
85
ln(42.53 )
ΔT lm=61.33 ° C

• Calculating for the heat transfer surface area

Q=UA Δ T lm

Q
A=
U Δ T lm

156750
A= m2
( 880 )( 61.33 )

A=2.90 m2