LEADING TRENDS

IN DATA ANALYTICS
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW NOW

1 Overcoming the Challenges of Data Science

6 Data Management Best Practices for Cloud and Hybrid Architectures
8 A Scalable Manufacturer of the Future
10 Data and Machine Learning Basics: What to Know Before You Get Started
12 About OSIsoft

Sponsored by:
 Data Science Architectures
Every enterprise wants to get the most from
their data, but challenges loom. Michelle
Odajima, data science program lead for
OSIsoft, sheds light on how today’s enterprise
can address those challenges head on and
enjoy the benefits data
science offers.
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Scalable Manufacturer Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft
EXPERT Q&A
OVERCOMING THE
CHALLENGES OF
DATA SCIENCE
TDWI: What would you say are the most common
challenges with your customers trying to do data science
and what contributes to those challenges?
Michelle Odajima: MI see two primary challenges. First,
there is a talent gap around data science—not enough
experts to fill the jobs—which is exacerbated because
most data scientists are wasting inordinate amounts of
time cleaning up data. This makes it extra important to
build agile teams around data science projects with a mix
of organizational roles. This both improves the efficiency of
data scientists and develops data science capabilities in
other organizational roles.
In my experience, enterprise success with data science
requires executive support for clear and consistent data
management practices, IT expertise to manage increasingly
complex technology stacks, business stakeholders to identify
and prioritize use cases, operations to provide subject
matter expertise and context, and analysts who can apply
data science to the data.
 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer
The second challenge is the challenge of walking before you
run. I see a lot of organizations stuck in “POC Purgatory.”
They successfully complete a proof-of-concept project or
even a series of them but ultimately fail to scale any of
these successes into a production environment. Although
there is a lot of excitement around AI and ML, organizations
need to build foundational capabilities of data infrastructure
and management before they are ready to roll out these
technologies and capabilities at scale.
Do you foresee any new challenges arising as IIoT
(Industrial Internet of Things) expands?
I do not see new challenges so much as old problems becoming
even more complex. For instance, data management has
always been a challenge because most industrial environments
have control systems from a mix of vendors with a myriad of
protocols. With the rise of IoT and cloud computing there is the
potential for even more data siloes because IoT devices stream
data directly to proprietary clouds.
Additionally, IoT devices increase the sheer scope and volume
of data generated by the enterprise so even basic levels of
governance (such as naming conventions and access control)
are also growing more complex. Enterprises are quickly realizing
that data must be treated with the same respect as any other
enterprise asset with consistent standards and conventions
applied to handling it.
Finally, with more people wanting access to data from
operations, cybersecurity is paramount. Enterprises must
balance the needs for security and data access in order to
take a practical approach to cybersecurity that focuses on risk
mitigation, detection, and response. A key principle, especially
around OT data, is to provide access to that data without
providing access to critical systems.
We know a lot of time in data science is still spent
doing prep work and data management. What could
change this?
The time needed to prep data is often highlighted. However,
I think the more important point to highlight is that data
preparation will always be an important step for data science.
Poor-quality data is the enemy of data science because the
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Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft
most eloquent algorithm, the most advanced AI, will fail to
produce results if fed poor-quality data.
An analogy I often find helpful is cooking. You may have a
world-class recipe, but if you buy ingredients that are past
their expiry date or of low quality, the recipe cannot produce a
dish that is better than its ingredients. The same goes for data
science. The science can only deliver results that are as good
as the data. Having quality data is critical.
That said, it is important not to waste time on unnecessary
or inefficient data preparation. Enterprises should automate
data preparation as much as possible. Data standards and
ETL tools can be a critical investment for scaling data science
projects. Anyone can manually manipulate data for a POC or
pilot, but once you try to scale or run at production speed, those
manual games won’t work. Establishing system-of-record data
architectures can be critical to long-term success.
Companies should also spend time developing a road map for
projects they want to complete and how those projects will start
to build out infrastructure and data management practices
so that one success leads to another and continuously builds
the capability of an enterprise to undertake data science
projects with quality data available to support multiple use
cases. A road map also reinforces that data management
and data preparation are not a single project but an ongoing
organizational capability.
When possible, enterprises should map data management to
industrial standards. For example, many utilities have found the
ISO 50001 standards for energy management a useful starting
framework for data management.
According to an IBM survey, 70 percent of executives say
their biggest challenge is lack of visibility into everyday
operations. How can we get in front of that issue, and
how does OSIsoft support that?
First and foremost, executives need to support enterprise data
management initiatives so there is a common practice for
naming and structuring data across the enterprise. Only when
the data is well managed can executives have the visibility
they desire.
 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer
For OSIsoft, one question we discuss often is how to provide the
“Alexa” experience to executives. Currently, our visualization tool
(PI Vision) combines many data sources into real-time decision-
support dashboards that users can create without custom
coding. This type of self-service analytics and visualization is
key to giving users, executives, and engineers an intuitive tool
to see data in the context they need for effective decisions.
Is there anything that you feel is misconstrued, incorrect,
or missing from common conversations about data
science?
Overall, the conversation needs more level setting. AI is often
discussed as a cutting-edge concept, but most people don’t
realize that AI has existed for over 60 years. The first artificial
neural network, known as SNARC, was built in 1951 by a
mathematics student at Princeton. MIT has had an artificial
intelligence laboratory since 1959.
So why are we suddenly hearing so much about AI? To me, it’s
a classic example of the hype cycle. In January 2016, AI was not
among the 100 most searched terms according to Gartner. By
May 2017, it was seventh.
There is considerable value to data science, but to get to that
value we have to start separating hype from reality, and there
is a lot of hype. Many people are under the impression that data
science is a magical black box that you feed data and it spits
out insight. Data scientists need to steer the conversation away
from hype and get more focused on how and where we can
best apply data science to get real value. We need more talk
about best practices around data management, about when
data science is the right tool, and even about when a simpler or
cheaper approach can deliver results.
Companies and data scientists need to ask constantly: what
is the simplest way to get to an answer? I still see companies
invest in expensive data science initiatives only to be told
something they already know.
You do not need an algorithm to tell you that a sudden change
in a pump’s vibration often occurs before failure. Your operators
and maintenance crew already know that, so which problems is
data science best applied to? Where can it tell you something
new and valuable?
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Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft
In my experience, operational efficiency, condition-based
maintenance, fleet-wide performance benchmarking, batch
quality, and yield optimization are often the strongest starting
use cases for data science. They have concrete payoffs, and
most companies already have tools and investments that can
streamline data preparation.
Do you have any predictions for data science over the
next year?
Prediction #1: The hype cycle around data science will
continue, fueled by AI, IoT, and cloud computing. That isn’t
to say that there isn’t immense value in these trends, but as
OSIsoft’s founder Pat Kennedy is fond of saying, “We have
greatly underestimated the complexity of what is coming.” I
predict IoT will continue to enable more pervasive sensing
at the edge and increase the scope of data available to
enterprises.
Cloud computing will continue to change data platforms to a
service- and outcome-based business model, and these new
platforms will increase the complexity of insight available while
highlighting the need for data management and the constraints
of network capacity.
Finally, the rise of AI and other advanced analytics will shift
who and what in an organization wants to consume data.
Prediction #2: Given these trends, we will start to see the first
success stories for use cases of data insights occurring not just
across enterprises but across a community of enterprises, such
as a manufacturing supply chain. Data accessibility is growing
outside the four walls, spreading to partners, suppliers, and
customers. The use cases and value of AI attached to that data
will spread as well.
Prediction #3: The most successful companies will invest in
evolving the skills of their workforce. Data science will continue
to automate tasks, especially in industrial companies. Leaders
need to prepare now by developing a skilled workforce that can
complement the next technological advances, not be replaced
by them.
When it comes to data science as an organizational need,
most companies will need to take a hybrid approach, hiring
 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer
recent graduates while retraining parts of their workforce and
engaging with third-party specialists.
The algorithms are the easy part of data science. After all, they
are just math and will consistently follow the prescribed rules.
It’s the change management of people that is messier and on
which an organization’s long-term success will depend. Evolving
the workforce alongside the technology is key to asking the right
questions of your data, prioritizing the right use cases, and
turning insights into business value.
Prediction #4: The IoT data boom will continue and with it the
need for effective enterprise data management. Executives, in
particular, need to recognize data management as mission-
critical and support these initiatives as a key priority. IoT and
cloud are shifting architectures, and IT departments need to
architect for success, not siloes.
In particular, IT departments need to be wary of vendors looking
to stream sensor data directly to proprietary clouds and instead
architect so that data technology can support multiple use
cases and users across the organization.
Are there other topics within data science that you feel
aren’t covered enough?
The importance of subject matter experts (SMEs) who can apply
real-world context to data science. Subject matter experts are
critical to validating results and findings. When you just send
data over to the analytics team without shop-floor expertise,
without context, and without product knowledge, then you are
just asking for obvious conclusions. It will require a cross-
functional team to drill down into the data, into the correlations,
and uncover real insight.
What advice would you give to other women who are
trying to break into the tech or data science industry?
Spend time understanding the problem you are trying to solve
and focus on short- and long-term value to the business.
Everyone understands ROI. Also, make sure there is executive
support for cross-functional teams. Women are often socialized
to be more collaborative in their work approach and will often
have a stronger soft-skill mix to launch and lead these sort
of initiatives that require delicately bridging the culture gaps
between IT and OT.
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Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft
What are the best practices for a data architecture for
advanced analytics?
An architecture must be approached from the top down and
from the bottom up. From the top down, an architecture must
provide centralized visibility for decisions. The bottom-up
approach empowers local decision makers for what needs to
happen in real time.
No two organizations are the same, so each organization needs
to find its ideal balance between centralized and distributed
analytics (which somewhat correlates to cloud analytics versus
local analytics). The important questions to ask: what are your
use cases for analytics? What is the foundational architecture
that is already in place? How can it be used? What is missing?
Who needs access? Who will manage the resources and
systems?
Beyond edge and cloud, it is important to recognize the
difference between OT and IT. OT consists of real-time
systems that support mission-critical operations. OT requires
consolidating operational data into an operational core to
provide the real-time insights needed by the people running
critical operations.
The story has to come back to the people. Turn data into a real-
time picture of operations and then give folks in mission-critical
operations the views of the data they need. Once you have an
operational core, data management practices will enable IT and
OT to converge.
Once you have consolidated data into an OT core with the right
mix of centralized and decentralized analytics, the next step
is to preserve data context, especially as operational data
moves away from the subject matter expert. A local operator
can understand what a vibration reading means but will
the business decision maker? The further data moves away
from the local expert who understands it intuitively, the more
context that data needs to be useful and understood. A data
architecture must support this context.
What do we mean when we talk about data context? It’s not
just metadata (e.g., time stamp, units, username, etc.). It’s
also how an asset fits into the overall picture of operations to
other assets. For example, in a substation, a transformer has a
certain number of breakers and those are laid out in a diagram
 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft

describing how they align to transformers and then into the

network. That is the context, and this has to migrate with
the data from operations into the IT or enterprise to provide
meaning. Otherwise you will have data scientists running
advanced analytics without SME context and knowledge, and
they will end up telling operations something they already know.
SMEs are tuned into major events; they want data scientists
to tune into micro events and subtle changes they aren’t able
to perceive. They want advanced analytics that extends their
senses and intelligence.
Finally, getting insight isn’t enough. Once advanced analytics
helps your organization learn something new, how do you
operationalize it? How do you turn the knowledge of one into
the knowledge of all? SMEs are sources of intelligence, and
you must codify what they know and mix it with the collective
insights from the new models of ML.

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 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft

DATA MANAGEMENT BEST

PRACTICES FOR CLOUD AND
HYBRID ARCHITECTURES
Philip Russom

User practices and vendor tools must adapt to
the increasing presence of cloud-based
IT systems.
For years, TDWI has seen an increasing number of organizations
make strategic commitments to the cloud as a preferred
computing platform. The commitments involve a wide range of
use cases, from operations to analytics to compliance, and the
journey to the cloud can take many forms and follow many paths.
For example, you may move your entire data collection or just
single applications and individual data warehouses or databases.
You may move existing solutions or build greenfield ones in
the cloud, the most popular choices being sales and marketing
automation, Hadoop, and data lake implementations. Regardless
of the systems involved, you may evolve into a cloud-only
architecture or one that’s a mix of multiple platform types in the
clouds and on premises.
The journey to the cloud is driven by many business needs,
such as those for new operational and analytics applications,
cost containment, business agility, IT modernization, data-
driven competitive marketing, and new use cases for big data,
advanced analytics, and self-service approaches to these.
Data Management Is More Important Than Ever
The best practices of data management don’t disappear just
because data and workloads shift to the cloud. In fact, data

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 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft

management best practices (DM BPs) are more important than To achieve such improvements, organizations turn to integration
ever. On the one hand, DM BPs stitch together the complex hubs. These hubs enable orchestrated data flows for cloud and
multiplatform data environments within which clouds typically hybrid deployments in a governed and self-service fashion. Hubs
exist, even providing integration for extreme hybrid mixes of can also correct the point-to-point hairballs that are typical of
systems that are on multiple premises and multiple clouds. too many data management architectures.
On the other hand, DM BPs are fundamental to cloud success
For Further Reading
metrics, such as trusted data that is high quality, auditable,
secure, governed, fit for purpose, and open for self-service. For more information about how data management best
practices and tools must adapt to the increasing presence of
As more organizations begin their journey to the cloud, they
cloud-based IT systems, read TDWI’s Checklist Report. It also
need to plan how they will apply the best practices of data
discusses how data management and its best practices can
management to ensure that cloud-based, data-driven use cases
contribute to the success of individual cloud systems, as well
are successful for end users while complying with enterprise
as the success of the grander hybrid environments within which
governance and data standards. The good news is that existing
clouds typically operate.
best practices work well in cloud environments, although users
usually need a few adjustments and upgrades to existing skills The report is online for free download.
and tool portfolios. Editor’s note: This article has been modified slightly since it was
What All Paths to the Cloud Need originally published by TDWI.
All of these journeys involve a mass migration of diverse
data and therefore require sophisticated data management
infrastructure, tools, and user best practices during both
development and production. For example, some organizations
have adopted data catalogs to discover, curate, manage, and
prioritize the data that should be migrated to the cloud.
All paths also require upgraded skills and governance.
Furthermore, clouds increasingly play a special role in hybrid
multiplatform data architectures (MDAs), and so the DM
requirements of MDAs are also a consideration.
More Than Moving Data
On your journey to the cloud, you don’t just move data. You need
to improve your data and its management. If your on-premises
data and its management is a hairball, you will need to tease out
at least part of the hairball to migrate data and integrate them
with cloud-based systems. Remember, adjusting to cloud-based
data management is an opportunity to assess the mistakes
of the past and do things better. It is a chance to tighten up
technical best practices in data integration, quality, modeling,
and architecture and adopt organizational best practices in data
governance, stewardship, and curation.

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 Data Science Architectures
Swiss multinational firm Lonza is using
technology from OSIsoft and Microsoft to
implement a unified data management system
across all its manufacturing plants.
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Scalable Manufacturer Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft
A SCALABLE
MANUFACTURER
OF THE FUTURE
Lonza is a Swiss multinational, chemicals, and biotechnology
company that was founded around 120 years ago. The company,
which took around 110 years to build its team up to around
9,000 employees, has expanded rapidly over the past two years
and now has approximately 14,500 full-time personnel working
at more than 100 office and manufacturing plants across the
world. One of Lonza’s key business segments is Lonza Specialty
Ingredients (LSI), which operates 32 plants worldwide and
manufactures a wide range of products, including everything
from vitamins to jet fuel. This means the company has a diverse
and complex manufacturing network, where several operational
processes take place simultaneously.
To streamline its processes and ultimately become a more
competitive manufacturer, Lonza knew that it had to digitize
its operations. Although Lonza expects to take around 10-15
years to fully digitalize all LSI operations, its research and
technology (R&T) team set out a road map for the company to
become a smart manufacturer and recognized the importance
of using data to solve operational challenges and employee pain
points. The team explored the potential of using sensors during
the production process, as well as how tools such as artificial
intelligence, data analytics and blockchain could be used to
solve problems faced by employees, and thereby reduce costs.
Lonza’s R&T team spent six months working with the
engineering and operations technology teams to identify the
 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft

pain points in the different manufacturing plants. Together, company with a very simple way of getting a lot of value from
they developed the Productivity ImproVement with Operations its operations and assets. From a commercial point of view,
Technology philosophy, which has since become the core of the the main benefit is that the solution is scalable. Lonza started
company’s smart manufacturing road map. One of the biggest with two sites and one problem—manufacturing process
pain points was that Lonza’s process optimization engineers optimization—but migrating to a cloud solution has provided
were spending almost half of their time collecting and analyzing the company with three main benefits. First, the company is
data for optimization projects, slowing down processes further able to quickly and easily tackle any operational pain points
down the line and thus creating a bottleneck. Hence, Lonza anywhere in the business.
wanted to find a way to remove this bottleneck and enable
Second, the cloud infrastructure can easily be scaled to
the engineers to use their time more efficiently, work on more
Lonza’s other sites as the business expands and operational
projects and therefore drive more revenue.
and employee needs evolve. Finally, when Lonza acquires new
To achieve this, Lonza decided to implement a unified data sites, it knows exactly how to integrate them with its existing
management system across all the plants, replacing the facilities. Moving processes to the cloud has also changed the
existing individual local management systems at each site. It way Lonza operates. Since deploying the solution, Lonza has
enlisted the help of OSIsoft, Microsoft, SEEQ and Hans-Meyer- reduced costs at certain sites by several percentage points—a
Engineering. OSIsoft, which provides an Internet of Things (IoT) significant achievement. By taking simple and gradual, but
analytics and information management platform named PI profitable and sensible, steps Lonza has implemented the
System, was ideally placed to assist Lonza due to its previous systems it needs to begin operating on a global scale.
experience of helping other manufacturers reap the benefits of
This article was originally published in the Winter 2018 issue of
data-driven decision making and IoT analytics.
The Record. Reprinted by permission.
At the same time, Lonza was able to benefit from OSIsoft’s and
Microsoft’s joint Red Carpet Incubation Program. Designed to
reduce the burden of data preparation required for Industry
4.0 initiatives, the program helped Lonza to quickly accelerate
advanced analytics projects. OSIsoft’s technical team began
the project by working with Lonza’s users to understand the
challenges they were facing so it could identify the key priorities
for the project. The team organized calls every week for two
months, exchanging information and fine-tuning their findings.
Once the information was collected and validated, Lonza
decided to implement the solutions globally. The initial idea was
simple; to get the processed data visible on a global scale.
It took around three months to get the infrastructure right,
migrate everything to the cloud, pilot the solution, and
eventually roll it out to employees. One of the immediate
benefits of OSIsoft’s cloud solution was that it provided
Lonza’s employees with enhanced visibility into the information
they needed to perform their daily tasks. It also provided the

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 Data Science Architectures
Industrial companies are increasingly using
machine learning (ML) to analyze their vast
operational data to improve processes. Often
a business will already be using big data
analytics for this purpose but is approaching
ML for the first time and will have questions.
This article covers basic information about
ML and preparing data for analysis using
machine learning.
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Scalable Manufacturer Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft
DATA AND MACHINE
LEARNING BASICS:
WHAT TO KNOW BEFORE
YOU GET STARTED
Machine Learning Brings “Intelligence” to Data Analysis
Machine learning expands the boundaries of what is possible
with data analysis—for example, improving forecast accuracy
as well as identifying undiscovered solutions within data. In
industrial applications, data scientists and engineers are using
ML for challenges such as improved asset efficiency, a more
refined predictive maintenance model, more accurate usage,
demand forecasting, and faster root-cause analysis.
ML can solve many common industrial-sector problems when
the right data is provided to the right algorithms. Machine
learning uses software-built models that automatically
accumulate knowledge from data as analysis occurs. Data is
the key ingredient to beneficial ML outcomes. Such projects
require large amounts and variety of high-quality data to feed
the learning models. Algorithms written with languages such
as R or Python define how the models interact with the training
data based on the purpose of the model.
When to Use Machine Learning
Machine learning can help answer five types of questions:
• Classification. Is this A or B? For example, asking if this
pump is in a failure state (yes or no).
• Anomaly detection. Is this out of range? For example,
receiving an alert that a pressure reading is out of range.
 Data Science Architectures Scalable Manufacturer
• Regression. How much or how many? For example, asking
how much energy this machine will consume if we add two
more shifts.
• Clustering. How is this organized? There are no right or
wrong answers—just groups of similar indicators. For
example, asking which type of pumps fail in the same type
of way.
• Reinforcement. What should I do now? This technique
enables the model to learn in an interactive environment
by trial and error using feedback from its own actions and
experiences. This application is valuable for improving the
performance of automated systems (such as a temperature
control system) or for more accurate capacity forecasting.
ML Requires High-Quality Data and Data Preparation
ML requires a robust collection of correctly labeled, richly
featured data. It works only when the data used is fully
representative of real conditions, such as a historical data set.
Users will need to ensure data is collected from all relevant
systems. Leaving out one pertinent set of data will impact the
quality of the learning outcomes.
Variety is also vital because this provides context for better
accuracy. For example, incorporating third-party data from
atmospheric research groups is helping renewable energy
producers improve solar and wind forecasting for calculating
anticipated energy generation.
Operational teams that want to use ML might encounter
challenges preparing their data. Data location is a challenge—
is operational data kept in a silo across systems or stored
within older machines? Data could also be located in different
sites. If any of these is the case, getting all potentially relevant
operational data into a single data management system is the
No. 1 priority for enabling ML.
The second biggest challenge is cleaning and shaping the raw
data into a clean data set ready for modeling and analytics.
Streaming data from manufacturing systems can be very messy
and difficult to use in its raw form. Many data scientists and
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Data and ML Basics About OSIsoft
analysts spend an inordinate amount of time cleaning data
before it’s ready, either manually or through custom coded logic.
Certain applications can help automate this process to shape
raw data into useable sets, saving significant time.
Once data is prepared, it is ready for an ML project, but it
still requires some attention. It is important to synthesize and
contextualize data before feeding it to the algorithm. Without
context, numbers may not tell the full story.
Always include an exploratory data analysis phase where the
data scientist or analyst talks to the technical expert about the
targeted problem. This is valuable for two reasons. First, the
hands-on expert will be able provide contextual insight that will
help with early parsing of relevant data, which will streamline
the project and shorten its timeline. Second, the contextual
insight could identify necessary data parameters that had not
been considered. If a relevant parameter is missing in the ML
training data, the model won’t provide the most meaningful,
actionable results.
For example, if a data science team is tasked with finding out
why a machine is operating outside of desired parameters, it
will naturally use historical data and maybe plant environmental
conditions data such as temperature and humidity readings
from centrally located sensors. However, the machine operator
might have knowledge of machine-specific information that is
important, such as whether the machine sits near a cold draft
or on a slightly different gradient than other machines.
 Data Science Architectures
osisoft.com
OSIsoft, a global leader in operational intelligence, delivers an
open enterprise infrastructure to connect sensor-based data,
operations, and people to enable real-time and actionable
insights. As the maker of the PI System, OSIsoft empowers
companies across a range of industries in activities such as
exploration, extraction, production, generation, process and
discrete manufacturing, distribution, and services to leverage
streaming data to optimize and enrich their businesses.
For over thirty years, OSIsoft customers have embraced the
PI System to deliver process, quality, energy, regulatory
compliance, safety, security, and asset health improvements
across their operations.
Founded in 1980, OSIsoft is a privately-held company,
headquartered in San Leandro, California, U.S.A, with offices
around the world.
© 2020 by TDWI, a division of 1105 Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproductions in whole or in part are prohibited except by written permission.
Email requests or feedback to info@tdwi.org.
Product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or
registered trademarks of their respective companies.
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