A Comparative Analysis of Circular and Hexagonal

Split Ring Resonator for Reduction of Mutual

Coupling Effect
A. S. Pradeep G. A. Bidkar
Research Scholar, Department of Electronics & Communication, Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication,
SDMCET Dharwad, India, SDMCET, Dharwad, India
pradeepas17@gmail.com gabidkar@rediffmail.com

Abstract— A comparative analysis of circular shaped split II. ANTENNA DESIGN

ring resonators (CSRR), hexagonal shaped split ring
resonators (HSRR) and their incorporation with 1x2 A. Microstrip Patch Antenna Array loaded with
microstrip patch antenna array to suppress the effect of mutual Circular and Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator
coupling is proposed in this paper. By incorporating CSRR and Microstrip Patch Antenna using FR4 dielectric material
HSRR metamaterial structure near the right side of the
conventional radiating patch antenna array with resonating with ε r = 4.4 and a thickness of 1.57mm is simulated. The
frequency of 2.4 GHz, the isolation of 12.17 dB and 13.88 dB is optimized width and length of the designed microstrip
achieved respectively without altering the resonating frequency rectangular patch antenna is 36.5 mm and 28mm
and radiation characteristics. The performance of the suggested respectively and operates at 2.4GHz. Then 1 X 2 Microstrip
antenna array with CSRR and HSRR has been assessed using patch antenna array with distance of 31.5 mm which is λ0/4
HFSS simulator and may be used for ISM band application.
between them is designed. CSRR metamaterial structure
Keywords—Metamaterial, Array of antenna, mutual near the right side of conventional radiating patch of the
coupling, Negative permeability antenna array has been incorporated Fig.1. The designed
CSRR unit-cell consists of two concentric rings with two
I. INTRODUCTION symmetrical splits. Similarly HSRR metamaterial structure
near the right side of conventional radiating patch of the
The Metamaterial, which offers the desired negative antenna array has been incorporated Fig.2. The proposed
magnetic permeability around their magnetic resonance unit-cell of HSRR includes two nested hexagonal rings with
frequency have the application varies from realizing super two symmetrical splits.
lenses [1] to designing passive microwave planar circuits
like phase shifter, directional coupler, narrow and wideband
filters, leaky wave antennas, etc. [2] – [6]. Circular and
square split ring resonators are the most designed and
analyzed geometry of split ring resonator in the literature [7]
– [9]. However, in later days reports show `the use of the
hexagonal split ring resonator (HSRR) for demonstration of
the left handed effect of metamaterial [10] – [11]. The
simulated influence of the SRR‗s structural parameters on
its resonance frequency was studied and analyzed its
electromagnetic parameters to demonstrate the presence of
negative permeability bandwidths [12] – [13]. Recently,
many studies have been devoted to suppressing the mutual
coupling effects in antenna array system where, these SRR‘s
are promising structures for it. Enough work has been done
to achieve both miniaturization and performance
enhancement of conventional antenna using these SRR‘s
[14] – [15]. The effect of mutual coupling in an array of
antenna is significantly reduced by placing CSRR Fig. 1. Simulated Microstrip Patch Anternna Array with Circular Split Ring
Metamaterial structure to the right side radiating patch of the Resonator
antenna array [16] – [17]. Its increasing electromagnetic
application and lack of theoretical model for estimation of
resonance frequency encouraged us to perform a
comparative study with this geometry in the reduction of
mutual coupling effect.

978-1-5386-9482-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

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 Fig. 2. Simulated Microstrip Patch Anternna Array with hexagonal
Split Ring Resonator

Fig. 4 Comparison of mutual coupling plot of Microstrip Patch

Antenna array with hexagonal MTM and without MTM
III. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Microstrip Patch Antenna Array with hexagonal

Split Ring Resonator

The characteristics of the suggested HSRR loaded antenna

array has been assessed using numerical simulation in
ANSYS HFSS. The simulated plot of return loss of antenna
array with HSRR metamaterial structure illustrated in Fig.3
The simulated plot of mutual coupling of antenna array with
and without HSRR metamaterial structures is illustrated in
Fig. 4 which shows 13.88 dB of isolation between the
antenna elements. Thee gain of 5.4033dB for this antenna is
observed which more than twice as compared to single patch
gain.
Fig. 5. Simulated 3D gain of MPA array with hexagonal MTM

B. Microstrip Patch Antenna Array with circular Split

Ring Resonator
The characteristics of the suggested CSRR loaded antenna
array has been assessed using numerical simulation in
ANSYS HFSS. The simulated plot of return loss of antenna
array with CSRR metamaterial structure illustrated in Fig.3
The simulated plot of mutual coupling of antenna array with
and without CSRR metamaterial structures is illustrated in
Fig. 4 which shows 12.17 dB of isolation between the
antenna elements. Thee gain of 5.435 dB for this antenna is
observed which more than twice as compared to single patch
gain.

Fig. 3. Simulated return loss plot of Microstrip Antenna Array with

hexagonal Split Ring Resonator

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 IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper a comparative analysis of circular and
hexagonal Split Ring Resonator for reduction of Mutual
Coupling Effect is carried out. Also design and analysis of
1x2 patch antenna loaded with circular and Hexagonal split
ring resonator structure is done.. It is observed that about
13.3 dB and 12. 37 dB of isolation is achieved between an
array of two radiating patch with 5.43 and 5.40 dB
directivity using HSRR and CSSR structure respectively.
The designed antenna is simple, cost effective and operates
at 2.4GHz which suits for ISM band frequency applications.

Fig. 6. Simulated return loss plot of Microstrip Antenna Array

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