SOLUTIONS for QUIZ 7 BESAVILLA REVIEW CENTER O NLINE REVIEW

Problem 1-3: Solution:

A concrete dam of trapezoidal cross-section, with one face vertical has a ➀ Percentage of the volume of the bouy above the liquid surface to the
thickness of 0.60 m. at the top and 4.2 m at the bottom. It is 7 m. high and total volume of the buoy.
has a horizontal base. The vertical face is subjected to a water pressure, the
water standing 6 m. above the base. The weight of concrete is 24 kN/m3 per W
meter length of dam, evaluate:
BF = w
➀ The total hydrostatic force on the dam in kN. 0.75(9.81)V = 0,85(9.81)V2
➁ The resisting moment of the dam to overturning in kN.m. w.s. V1
V = 1.133 V2
➂ Factor of safety against overturning.
V2 = 0.882 V V2
Solution: V1 = V - V2
➀ The total hydrostatic force on the dam in kN V1 = V - 0.882 V BF
0.6m V1 = 0.118 V
3.9
V1 0.118V
1m W1 =
w.s. 2.4 V V
V1 = 11.8 %
6m
P W2 ➁ Weight of the buoy in kN. if the volume above the liquid is 0.045 m3.
2m V1 = V - V2
0.6 3.6 V1 = V - 0.882 V
4.2 m
V1 = 0.118 V
P =γwh A
0.045
P = 9.81(3)(6)(1) V=
0.118
P = 176.58 kN V = 0.381 m3
w = V(9.81)(0.75)
➁ The resisting moment of the dam to overturning in kN.m
w = 0.381(9.81)(0.75)
W1 = 0.6(7)(24)
w = 2.8 kN
W1 = 100.8 kN
7(3.6) ➂ Vertical force in kN, applied to the buoy to fully submerge it.
W2 = (24) P = 0.85(9.81)(0.045)
2
W2 = 302.4 KN P = 0.375 kN
RM = W1 (3.9) + W2 (2.4)
RM = 100.8(3.9) + 302.4(2.4)
RM = 1118.90 kN.m.
Problem 7-9:
➂ Factor of safety against overturning The masses of the smooth cylinders A and B are 2 kg and 1 kg.
respectively. The smallest value of the force P that will lift cylinder A off the
RM
FS = horizontal surface is 55.5 N. Radius of cylinder A is 20 cm.
OM
1118.9 2 kg
FS =
176.58(2)
FS = 3.17 1 kg

C A 20
20-R R 55.5 N
Problem 4-6: R
B
R
A wooden buoy of specific gravity 0.75 floats in a liquid having a sp.gr. of
0.85.

➀ Evaluate the percentage of the volume of the bouy above the liquid
surface to the total volume of the buoy. ➀ Which of the following gives the radius R of cylinder B.
➁ If the volume above the liquid is 0.045 cubic meter, estimate the weight ➁ Which of the following gives the reaction between cylinder B and the
of the buoy in kN. horizontal surface.
➂ What vertical force in kN, applied to the buoy to fully submerge it? ③ Which of the following gives the reaction between cylinders A and B and
the vertical surface.
SOLUTIONS for QUIZ 7 BESAVILLA REVIEW CENTER O NLINE REVIEW

Solution: Solution:
➀ Radius R of cylinder B ➀ Tensile force T1
R1 Cos θ = 55.5 19.62 N z
R1 Sin θ = 19.62
19.62
tan θ =
55.5 RC=55.5 D
θ = 19.47˚ θ
20 - R
Sin 19.47˚ = R1
20 + R d3
x
6.667 + 0.333R = 20 - R 6m
d2
d1
1.333R = 13.333 No reaction here B
R = 10 cm 2m
By
C y
0 3m
➁ Reaction between cylinder B and hor. surface. 3m Cy
A 2m R=1442
1 kg Ay
R1
θ 55.5 N
∑M OB = 0
R
2Cy = 3A y T1
127.10
RB 3
Cy = A y
R1 Sin 19.47˚ = 19.62 2
RB = 9.81 + R1 Sin θ
∑M OC = 0
RB = 9.81 + 19.62
RB = 29.43 N 2A y = 3B y
7
2 6
③ Reaction between A and B: By = A
3 y
20+R
R1 Sin 19.47˚ = 19.62 20-R A y + B y + Cy = 570
θ
R1 = 58.86 N
2 3
Ay + A + A = 570
3 y 2 y
A y = 180 kN
Problem 10-12:
The flagpole is braced by three cables as shown. The resultant of the tensile d1 = (3)2 + (2)2 + (6)2
forces T1, T2, T3 is 570 kN and acts along the vertical axis of the flagpole. d1 = 7

y T1 7
=
180 6
T1 = 210 kN
D

➁ Tensile force T2
z
6m d2 = (3)2 + (6)2
B d2 = 6.71
2m
T3 270 T3
C 2
3m
x By = A
3m
0
3 y
T2 2
A 2m B y = (180)
T1
3
B y = 120
6.32
➀ Calculate the tensile force T1 (kN). 6
➁ Calculate the tensile force T2 (kN). T2 6.71
=
➂ Calculate the tensile force T3 (kN). 120 6
T2 = 134.20 kN
SOLUTIONS for QUIZ 7 BESAVILLA REVIEW CENTER O NLINE REVIEW

➂ Tensile force T3 Solution:
2
d3 = (2) + (6) 2 ➀ Flexural strangth of the beam:
The beam have continuous lateral support due to the presence of
d3 = 6.32 the slab,
T2
111.58 Mu = ø Mn
3
Cy = A Mn = Mp
2 y
3 M p = Fy Z x
Cy = (180)
2 M p = 248(1090)(10)3
Cy = 270
6.71 M p = 270.32 kN.m
6
T3 6.32 ø M n = (0.90)(270.32)
=
270 6 ø M n = 243.29 kN.m
T3 = 284.4 kN
➁ Safe live load that the beam could support in KPa due to its
flexural strength.
Problem 13-15: wt. of slab = 0.10(24)(2.2)
A floor framing is shown on the figure. A 100 mm thick reinforced concrete wt. of slab = 5.28 kN/m
slab is supported by floor beams spaced at 2.2 m. The floor beams are
supported by girders, where the structure loads which consists of uniform 52(9.81)
wt. of beam =
live load and movable partitions, to be accounted for by using a uniformly 1000
distributed load of 0.95 KPa of floor surface area . Assume that the slab wt. of beam = 0.51 kN/m
provides continuous lateral support of the floor beams. Weight of concrete = DL = 5.28 + 0.51
24 KN/m3. Use LRFD Method: Assume a compact section.
DL = 5.79 kN/m
Prop. of W F section wt. 52 kg/m
Live load = LL
A = 6645 mm2 Partion = 0.95(2.2)
d = 449.50 mm Partion = 2.09 kN/m
bf = 152.40 mm
tf = 10.80 mm Wu L2
Mu =
tw = 7.62 mm 8
W (9)2
Sx = 944 x 103 mm3 243.29 = u
8
rx = 178.82 mm
Wu = 24.03
ry = 30.99 mm
Wu 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Zx = 1090 x 103 mm3
24.03 = 1.2(5.79) + 1.6(2.09) + LL(1.6)
bf
= 7.06 LL = 8.59 kN/m
2t f
8.59
Fy = 248 MPa LL = = 3.9 KPa
2.2
U = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
➂ Safe live load in KPa it could support due to allowable deflection of
Girder
beam:
5 w L4
δ=
384 EI
9 5 w(9)4
=
9 m.
360 384(80000)
Girder w = 23.41 kN/m
23.41
w=
2.2
w = 10.64 KPa
2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

➀ Compute the flexural strength of the beam

➁ Compute the safe live load in KPa could the beam support, due to
flexural strength of the beam.
➂ If the allowable live load deflection of the beam is 1/360 of span,
compute the safe live load in KPa that the beam could support.
Assume the beam has a flexural rigidity of 80,000 KN.m2
Problem 16-18:
A W shape is to be used as a bridge crane runway girder. The girder is on a
simple span of 6 m. Assume that the crane wheel imparts a vertical load of
80 kN and a lateral load of 8 kN at the midspan applied at the top flange
SOLUTIONS for QUIZ 7 BESAVILLA REVIEW CENTER O NLINE REVIEW

of the girder. A standard rail weighing 67 kg/m will be used. Assume that ➁ Bending stress along the y-axis.
the top flange is not laterally braced between end supports. PL
My =
4
Properties of W section 8(6)
Sx = 1280 x 103 mm3 Fbx = 207 MPa My =
Sy = 361 x 103 mm3 Fby = 238 MPa 4
M y = 12 kN.m
80 kN
8 kN Due to lateral load acting on the flange
of the beam:
My
fb y =
Sy
2
2(12) x 10 6
fb y =
361 x 10 3
fb y = 66.48 MPa

➀ Determine the bending stress along the x-axis. ➂ Ratio of the actual bending stresses to allowable bending stress.
➁ Determine the bending stress along the y-axis. fb x fb y
➂ Determine the ratio of the actual bending stresses to allowable bending + ≤ 1.0
Fb x Fb y
stress.
96.06 66.48
+ = 0.743
207 238
Solution:
➀ Bending stress along the x-axis.

80 kN
Problem 19-21:
w kN/m A T-beam for a floor system has a slab thickness of 75 mm and a web
thickness of 375 mm. It has an effective depth of 600 mm. The beam
carries a dead load moment of 270 kN.m and a live load moment of
8 kN R 460 kN.m. It has a span of 5.4 m. and a spacing center to center of 1.8 m.
fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 344.70 MPa

➀ Determine the effective width of the flange.

➁ Determine the depth of compression block.
R
➂ Determine the steel area required.
2
wL PL
Mx = +
8 4 Solution:
w = 67(9.81) ➀ Effective width of the flange.

w = 657.27 N/m b

w = 0.657 kN/m 1
75mm
(1) b = of span
4
1 d=600 mm
0.657(6)2 80(6) b = (5400)
Mx = + 4
As
8 4 b = 1350 mm
M x = 122.96 kN.m (2) b = b' + 16t
b = 375 + 16(75) 375 mm

b = 1575 mm
Mx
fb x = (3) b = spacing center to center
Sx
b = 1800 mm
122.96 x 10 6
fb x =
1280 x 10 3 Use b = 1350 mm (smallest value)
fb x = 96.06 MPa
SOLUTIONS for QUIZ 7 BESAVILLA REVIEW CENTER O NLINE REVIEW

➁ Depth of compression block. Problem 22:
1350
A box contains 5 defective and 195 non-defective cell phones. A quality
487.5 375 487.5 0.85fc’
C1
0.85fc’ control engineer selects 2 cell phones at random without replacement. What
75
a
C2 is the probability that exactly 1 is defective?

600 (d-t/2) (d-a/2) Solution:

As
M1 M2 Exactly 1 is defective means “1st is defective and 2nd is not” or “1st is non-
T1=AS1 fy T2=AS2 fy
defective and 2nd is defective”
375
5 ⎛ 195 ⎞ 195 ⎛ 5 ⎞
P= +
C1 = 0.85 fc ' (487.5)(75)(2) 200 ⎜⎝ 199 ⎟⎠ 200 ⎜⎝ 199 ⎟⎠
P = 0.0490
C1 = 0.85(20.7)(487.5)(75)(2)
C1 = 1286634
C1 = T1
1286634 = As1 (344.7)
Problem 23:
In 256 sets of 12 tosses of a coin, in how many cases one can expect 8
As1 = 3733 mm2 heads and 4 tails.
M1 = ø As1 fy (d - t/2) Solution:
M1 = 0.90(3733)(344.7)(600 - 37.5) p=½ (probability of getting ahead)
M1 = 651.4 kN.m q=1–p=½
M 2 = M u - M1
M u = 1.2MDL + 1.6MLL Probability of getting 8 heads and 4 tails in 12 trials:
M u = 1.2(270) + 1.6(460) = 1060 kN.m 12!
8
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
4

P=
M 2 = 1060 - 651.4 = 408.6 kN.m (12 - 8)! 8! ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
M 2 = ø C2 (d - a/2) P = 0.1208
C2 = 0.85 fc ' (375)(a)
C2 = 0.85(20.7)(375)a = 6598.13a Expected number of such cases in 256 sets.

408.6 x 10 6 = 0.90(6598.13) a 600 - ( a

2
) Expected no. = 256(0.1208) = 30.93 say 31

68807.37 = 600a - 0.5a 2
a 2 - 1200a + 137614.75 = 0 Problem 24:
A mouse is inside a room, each of whose four walls has a door through
a = 105.42 mm > 75 ok as assumed which the mouse could attempt to escape. Unluckily for the mouse, there is
a trap at each of the doors d1, d2, d3, d4, and they work with probabilities 0.3,
0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 respectively. If the mouse picks a door at random, what is
➂ Steel area required. the probability that the mouse will make good his escape?
C2 = 6598.13a
Solution:
C2 = 6597.13(105.42) = 695469.5 N
Probability = 0.25(1 – 0.3) + 0.25(1 – 0.2) + 0.25(1 – 0.3) + 0.25(1 – 0.5)
C2 = T2 Probability = 0.675
695469.5 = As 2 fy

695469.5 = As 2 (344.7)
As 2 = 2018 mm2
A s = As1 + As 2
A s = 3733 + 2018
A s = 5751 mm2


SOLUTIONS for QUIZ 7 BESAVILLA REVIEW CENTER O NLINE REVIEW

Problem 25:
An interview conducted to obtain information regarding the annual income of
50 blue-collar workers gave the frequency distribution given. Find the
workers’ mean annual income.

Annual income (in

Frequency (f) Class Mark (x)
dollars)
8000 – 8999 4 8499.5
9000 – 9999 7 9499.5
10,000 – 10,999 10 10,499.5
11,000 – 11,999 9 11,499.5
12,000 – 12,999 12 12,499.5
13,000 – 13,999 6 13,499.5
15,000 – 15,999 2 15,499.5

Solution:
∑ f(x)
x=
∑f
4(8499.5) + 7(9499.5) + 10(10499.5) + 9(11499.5) + 12(12499.5) + 6(13499.5) + 2(15499.5)
x=
4 + 7 + 10 + 9 + 12 + 6 + 2
x = $11,419.5