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BRITANNIA: OR A

Chorographical Defcription
O F

GREATAND
BRITAIN
IRELAND,
Cogetljet tottl) ttje 3tojacent Jflanfcg,.

Written in Latin
By WILLIAM CAMDEN, Clarenceux, King
at ARMS:
And Tranjlated with Additions
into Englilh,
and Improvements.
THE SECOND EDITION.
Revifed, Digefted, and Publifhed, with large Additions,
By EDMUND GIBSON, D. D. Re<3or of Lambeth;
and now Bifhop of Lincoln, and Dean of His Majefty's
Chape l-R oyal.

VOL. II.

LONDON;
Printed by Mary Matthews, for Awnsham Churchill,
and Sold by William Taylor, in Pater-Nofter-Row.

MDCCXXH.
.
 ;

6 97
698

RADNORSHIRE.
N the north-Weft of Hereford- the fpace of about ninety miles : whence
the
fhire, lies Radnor/hire,in Bri- Britains have call'd it Klawdb
Offa or Ofi'a's
tifh Sir Vaesyved ; of a trian- Dyke. Concerning which, Joannes Sarisburien-
gular form, and gradually more fu, in his Polycratkon faith, that Harald efla-
narrow as it is extended fur- btijbd a Law, that whatever Welshman jbould be
ther weftward. On the fouth, jound arm',1 on this fide the limit he had Jet'them,
the river Wye divides it from to wit, Offa's Dike, his right-hand
Jbould be cut-
Brecknock, and on the north-part lies Mon- off by the King's f The tracing of this
Officers,
gomerylhire. The eaftein and fouthern parts Dike gives us the exacf bounds of the Britains
are well cultivated ; but elfewhere it is fo and Saxons. It may be feen on Brachy-hiU,
uneaven with mountains, that it is hardly ca- and near\Rhfd or ffelig, and Lamerden in He-
pable of tillage ; tho' well-ftor'd with woods, refordihire and is continu'd northwards from
:

and water'd with rivulets, and in fonie pla- Knighton, over a part of Shropfhire into Mon-
ces with ftanding lakes. gomeryfliire ; and may be traced over the long
Towards the eaft, it hath to adorn it (be- Mountain call'd in Wtlfll Kevn Digolh, to
fides other Caftles of the Lords Marchers, now Harden-caflle, crofs the Severn and Lhan Drinio-
Caflelh V*m almoft all bury'd in their own ruins ) Caflelh Common from whence it paries the
; Vymwy
pain, which was built by Pain a Norman, from again into Shropfhire, not far from Ofwald-
Colwen. whom it had the name :and Caflelh Colwen, ftry, where there is alfo a fmall village
call'd
which (it I miftake not) was formerly call'd Trevyrclawdh. In Denbighlfiire, it is vifible
Maud-calHe. Maud-Caflle in Col-went. For there was a Ca- along the road between Rhywabon and Wrex-
V. Calleih ttle of that name, much noted, whereof Ro ham ; from whence being continu'd through
Colwn.
bcrt de Todney, a very eminent perfon, was Go- Flintfhire, it ends a little below Holywell, where
vernour in the time of Edward the fecond. It that water falls into
Dee, at a place former-
is thought to have belong'd before, to the ly the fite of the caflle
of Bafmgwerk. This
BreofesLords of Brecknock, and to have re- limit feems not afterwards to have
been well
ceiv'd that name from Maud of St. Valeric, maintain'd by the Englifli
i
for although we :

f rrgcacijfi- t malpert woman, wife of William Breos, who find that the Britifh tongue decreafes daily
rebelfd againft King John. This Caille being on the borders of Wales ; yet not only that
Matth. Par. demolifh'd by the Wclfh,
was rebuilt of ftone language, but alfo the ancient Britifh cuftoms
by King Henry the third, in the year and names of men and places remain ftill for
But of greateft note is Radnor, the chief town fome fpace on the Englifli
fide, almoft the
of the County: call'd in Britifh Maesyved, fair- whole length of it."]
built, but with thatch'd houfes, as is the man- All the land beyond this, toward the weft
ner of that country. Formerly it was well- and north, call'd by the natives Meliinydh, Meltaydh.
fene'd with walls and a Caftle, but being by from the yellowijb
mountains, is for the moft
Owen that rebellious Owen Glyn Dowrdwy laid in allies part a barren and
hungry foil. Which, not-
Glyndwr. it decay 'd daily ; as well as old Radnor (call'd withftanding, fheus
Old Radnor. the ruins of feveral Ca-
by the Britains Maesyved hen, and from its ftles, but efpecially of
Kevn Lhys, and of Tin- Kevn y Lhys;
high (ituation Pemraig) which had been burnt bod ftanding
f on the fummic of a cop'd hill,
by Rhys ap Gruftydh, in the reign of King which was deftroy'd by Lhewelyn t jtcumiwto
Prince ofmSi.
John. If I fhould fay that this Maesf ved is Wales in the year
12S0. This Country of
Magi. the city Magos which Antoninus feems to call Meliinydh
Magnos, where (as we read in the Notitia Pro- word, though
reaches to the river Wye, [which
c „
it be here the name of a river,
vwciarum) the Commander of the Pacenfian re- feems to have whaYit figki
been anciently an appellative, lies,
giment lay in garrifon, under the Lieutenant either for river,
or water. For although it be
ot Britain, in the reign of Theodofius the
not ufed at prefent in that fenfe, nor yet pre-
younger ; in my own judgment (and perhaps ferv'd in any
Gloflary, or other Books ; yet I
others may be of the fame mind) I fhould find it
in the termination of the names of
not be much miifaken. For we find that the many of our rivers : ex. gr. Lhugwy,
Writers of the middle age call the inhabitants wy,
Dowrd-
y Vymwy, Edwy, Conwy, Elwy, Hondh-
Magefctx, ol this Country Magejeta, and alfo mention wy, Mynwy, Mowdhwy,
Tawy, Towy, &c.
Comites Mafegetenfes and Magefetenfes : and the Now, that this final fyllable [wy] in thefe
diftances from Gobannium or Aber-Gavenni, as
names of rivers, is the fame with gwy, feems
alfo from Brangonium or Wbrcefter, differ very more than probable in that we find the ri-
;
littlefrom Antoninus's computation. Scarce ver Towy call'd in the Book of Landaffe Tiu-
three miles to the eaft of Radnor, lies
Preftean, gui (ab hoftio Taratir fuper rifam Gui, iifcjue ad
in Britifh Lhan Andras, or St. Andrews
; which rifam Tiugui, &c.) and alfo the river Elwy,
from a fmall village, in the memory of our call'd Elgui. And that^tuy or wy fignified wa-
\ So laid, t grandfathers, did, by the favour and en- ter,feems further to be confirm'd from the names
ann. 1603. couragement of Martin Lord Bifliop of St. of fome aquatick animals, as Gwyach, Giach, eog
David's, become fo eminent and beautiful a alias oiog. Sec This being granted,
market-town, as in fome meafure to eclipfe
we may be
able to interpret the names of feveral rivers
Radnor. Scarce four miles hence, lies which have hitherto remain'd unintelligible :
Kriighcom Knighton (which may vye with Preftean) call'd as Lhugwy, clear water, from lhug, which figni-
by the Britains, as I am inform'd, Trebuclo for ficslight or brightnefs Dowrdwy, loud water,
.-

Offa Dike. TrevyUawdh, from the dike lying under it from Dwrdh, noife : Edwy, a
filifi or rapid
which was caft-up with great labour and indu- from Ehed, to
fly, &c]
ftream,
ftry by Offa the Mercian, as a boundary
be- The Wyeerodes the weft angle of the County;
tween his Subjeds and the Britains, from the and having its rapid courfe'fomewhat abated
mouth of Dee, to that of the river Wye, for by the rocks it meets with, and its chaneldif-
T t t t continu'd,
 ' ;

699 SI LURES. 700

continu'd, it fuddenly falls headlong over But that this was neverthelefs ufual among
Whence the place is call'd Rhai the Britains, before they were known to the
ftcep precipice.
air Gioy, that is, the Catarahf or fall oftheri Romans, feems evident, for that they are
Gwy. common alfo in the Highland* of Scotland, and
ver Wye. And I know not whether the Englifh
might not from thatwordKWiWrimpofethe name in Ireland, where
the Roman Conquefts never
on
of Radnor, firil on the County, and afterwards
lach'd.

the chief Town therein. TSeveral places in

"Wales Now, if it be demanded whether Malefa-
catarafts ctors only were thus ferv'd in ancient times
arc thus denominated ; all which have
or whether other perfons indifferently had not
near them : and the word is fti'll us'd appellatively
fuch heaps of ftones erefied to them, as Se-
among the mountains of Snowdon in Caernar-
pulchral monuments : I anfwer, that before
vonfhirc, where fuch falls of water are very
Rhaiadar-cajlle (whereof not the Chriftianity, men of the beft quality feem to
frequent.
was very ad- have had fuch Funeral Piles, conformable to a
leait ruins are now remaining)
vantageoufly fituated in a nook of the river cuftom among the Trojans, as we find by Ho-
But what feems very mer's defenption of HeBor's Funeral, at the
clofe by this Cataraft.
remarkable, is a deep trench on one fide ot the end of the Iliads : and fuch I take to have
Caftle-yard, cut out of an exceeding hard and been the largeft of them, thofe efpecially that
folid rock. About two furlongs below this have the monuments above-mention'd within
place -where the caftle flood, I obferv'd a large
them. But fince the planting of Chriftianity,
TumuliK or Barrow, call'd from a Chapel ad- they became fo deteftable and appropriated to
on the Malefacf ors, that fometimes the moft paffionare
joining, Tommen than St. Fred : and
wiffles a man can exprefs to his enemy is, thatxarn ardy
other fide, at a farther diftancc, there are two
Karn It his monument : and (as we have al- Wyntb.
Barrows or more, much lefs than the former, call'd Krigeu a
ready obferv'd) the moft notorious and profli-
Lowe call'd Kmi Keido, viz. the Barrows of Kevn Keido,
there gate Criminals are dift inguifll'd by that word,!
in Welfli a place fo call'd ; where, it is fuppos'd,
Krigeu.
ftocd heretofore a Church, in regard a
pie- By the forefaid Cataract, there was a Caftle,
is cM'i Klyttieur Eglwy.
which, as we find it recorded, was repair'd by
of ground adjoyning
in the reign of
On the top of a hill, call'd GviaftUin near Rhys Prince of South-Wales,
Near this place, is a
there are three large heaps of King Richard the
firft.
Rhniadr Gwv, many
ftones, of that kind which are common upon vaft Wildernefs, render'd very difmal by
mountains in moft (if not all) the Counties crooked
ways and high mountains into which, :

in South-Wales Katneu, and as a proper place of refuge, that bane of his

of Wales ; cali'd
Karn, what
it lignifies. in North-wales Karned-heu. They confift oi native Country, King VoHigtrh (whofe very Vortl
a memory the Britains curfe) withdrew himfelf,
fuch leller ftones from a pound weight to
hundred, &c. as the neighbouring places afford;
when he had at laft repented of his abomina-
wickednefs, in calling-in the Englifh-
and are coufufedlv pil'd up without any far- ble
thither, Saxons, and inceftuOufly marrying his own
ther trouble than the bringing them
PlinOn
daughter. But God's vengeance puifuing him,
and the throwing them in heaps.
lliimmon, or, as otherwife call'd, Pym
lymmon he was confum'd by Lightning, together with
City Kaer-Gwortigern, which he_ had built
mountain, and Tome other places, there are ot his
that they for his refuge. Nor was it tar from hence
thefe Karnedheii fo conliderably big,
place Were fatal) that Hot only this
may be fuppos'd toconfift of no lefs than a (as if the
ftones ; but generally Vortigtrn the laft
Britifh Monarch of the race
hundred Cart-loads of
(peaking, tiiey are much lefs. They are alio of the Britains; but alfo limxljn the laft Ulcwe ij n .
of the Britifh line,_ being be-
found m North, and probably in other Prince of Wales
the'
in the year of our Lord
parts if England and are frequent in Scot- tray 'd and intercepted
;

being
Ireland, call'd there by the 1282, ended his life. From this Vortigern,
land and
fame Britifh name of Kairn whereof I can Ninnius calls that fmall region Gwortiger mawr,
:

Reader, nor is the name yet loft; but of the city

give no other account to the curious
there is not any memorial remaining, but
than that it is a primitive word, and appro-
That what we have from Authors. Some are of
priated to iignify fuchheaps of ftones.
all) were opinion, that the Caftle of Gtahre'nion ^"^ Gvntnhry-
moft of thefe Karnedheii (not to fay
of the ruins of it ; which the Wellh, out „;„„.
intended as memorials of the dead, I am in- out
of hatred to Roger Mortimer, laid eaven with
duced to believe, for that I have my felf ob-
one
of a rude the ground An. 1201.
them, This part ofthe Coun-
ferv'd near the fumfnit of
as we
ftone monument (which I (Kill
have occafion try hath been alfo call'd Gwarth Rnnion,
the are inform'd by Ninnius who writes that the
10 prove Sepulchral hereafter) fomewhat of
;

and have re foremention'd Vortigern, when he

was pub-
form of a large Coffer or Cheft

S^=^
;

ceiv'd unqueftionable information of

two more lickly and fharply reprov'd by St. German, did
'of late years in the not only «*&his obftinacy, imdhis wic-
bait alfo caft falfe and malicious
like places. But what removes all fcruple, and ked practices,
is reproaches on that godly
Saint. Wherefore (faith
puts this queftion beyond farther debate, Vortigern, to make
places, to Ninnius) Vortimtr the fin of
that it is ftill the cuftom in feveral
ordain d that the
caft heaps of ftones on the
Graves of Malefa- amends for his Father's fault,
great an in-
ctors and Self-murderers. And hence perhaps Land inhere the Bifhof had recei-j'd fo
own for ever. Upon which,
other reafon, that dignity, jhould be his ,

it is, fince we can afiign no ^

and memory of St. German, it has been cai'd
the worft of Traytors are call'd Kam-Vradwyr,
in Bticib Ca .

the moft notorious Thieves, Kam-Lhadron, &c.

Gwarth Enian, which in'Englifb f.gnifies a flander tom ,^ ani
requited. £™«w» Jul).
That this was alfo the cuftom amongft the juftly *
'Romans, appears from that Epitaph afcrib'd
The Mortimers, defended from the Niece* Monuomo.
of Gonora, wife of Richard the firft Duke
of,;; fi m
fa
to Virgil, on the infamous Robber Balifta :

Normandy, were the firft of the Nomans,«"»'<«o man.

who, having overcome Edric Sylvaticns a Sa-j™°_
*
Monte fab Imlafidum tegitur Balifta/f^a/wi, fmall G Ge „ et ,
xon, gain'd a confiderablc part of this
tutum carpe, viator, iter.
Notle, die,
Territory. And having continu'd for a long 1. utt. c. 10.
time the principal men ot the County, at length JL'£
mM ™
Under this ftone Balifta lies inter'd,
Mortimer Lord of iVigmore 'Was created"™-
Now (night or day) no danger need be fearU Roger * Eatl
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
o
O
J
o
yoi RADNORSHIRE. 702
•
HujufUmi- * Earl of March by Edward the third, about zards infomuch that being taken by the Re-
;

uWatiki, t he year 1328, who foon after was fentenced bel Owen Glya-Dwr, he dy'd of grief and dis-
Kl ')" t0 ^ eat 1 ' ' ia ving been accus'd, of infolence to content, leaving his lifter Anne to inherit. She
JT ( '

ircbUCo- t ^ie Government, of favouring the Scots- to the was marry'd to Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cam-
ss. prejudice of England, of converfing over-fami- bridge, whofe Polterity in her right became

~yr
7or RADNORSHIRE. 702
*
ffujm'Iitfii- * Earl of March by Edward the third, about zards infomuch that being taken by the Re-
;

it WaBci, the year 1328, who foon after was fentenced bel Owen Glyn-Dwr, he dy'd of grief and dis-
>el (ut h-
to death, having been accus'd, of infolence to Anne to
content, leaving his filer inherit.
•
She
mUKiur)
Viarcbix Co the Government, of favouring the Scots to the was marry'd to Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cam-
ties. prejudice of England, of converfing over-iami- bridge, whofe Poilerity in her right became
liarly with the King's mother, and of contri- afterwards Earls of March, and laid claim to See in Tork-
ving the deatli of his father King Edward the the Crown ; which in the end (as we {hallow, to-
-ib.Moruft. fecond. HeUadby his v>;itc Jane Jenevil (who fhew elfewhere) they obtain'd; and Edward wards the
tamhonj,
Ed
brought him large revenues as well in Ireland the fourth's eldeft fon, who was Prince bf^J*? 8
'9 - 3- as England) a ion call'd Edmund, who fufier'd Wales, Duke of Cornwall, &c. had alio con-
for his father's crimes, and was depriv'd both fer'd on him by his Father, as an additional
of his inheritance and the title of Earl. But Honour, the title of Earl of March, [From
his fon Roger was receiv'd into favour, and had which time, this title lay dead, till it was
not only the title of Earl of March reftor'd revived by King James the firft, and beitow'd
;

but was alio created Knight of the Garter, at upon Efme Steward, Lord Aubigny, and after-
the firft Inflitution cf that noble Order, This wards Duke of Lennox j who was Succeeded
Roger marry WPhilippa Mountague, by whom by James his ion, and Efme his grandfon.
he had Edmund Earl of March, who marry 'd Which Efme dying young, the honour defend-
Philipp.a the only daughter of Leone! Duke of ed to Charles, fourth fon of Efme the firft Duke
Clarence, the third fon of King Edward the of Lennox ; who aifo dying without ilfue, in
third, whereby he obtain' d the Earldom of the year i6j2, this honourable Title, among
Ulfter in Ireland, and the Lordfliip of Clare. others, was confer 'd by King Charles the fe-
After his deceafe in Ireland, where he had go- cond, in the year 1675, upon Charles Lenos, cre-
vern'd with great applaufe, his fon Roger fuc- ated at the lame time Duke of Richmond."]
ceeded, being both Earl of March and Uiiter ; As for the title of Radnor, Tit was erected into j. ^t -
f p er( on
whom King Richard the fecond delign'd his an Earldom by King Charles the fecond, in that I know
fuccefior to the, Crown, as being in right of the perfon of John Roberts Lord Roberts of°F, hath en-
his mother the next heir :but he, dying be- Truro whofe ion Robert, itil'dLord VifcountJ°J'' d {t feve ^
:

fore King Richard, left iflue Edmund and Anm. Bodmin, dying in the life-time of his Father, ra!Iy ' C "

King Henry the fourth (who had ufurp'd the the honour defended to Charles his Grandfon,
Government) fufnecting Edmund's Intereit, and the prefent Earl.]
Title to the Crown, expos'd him to many ha-

In this County are 52 Parifbes.

BRECK*
7^3 7(54

BRECKNOCKSHIRE.
M the lies frequently dig-up Bricks there, and find other
South of Radnor
Brecknockjhire, Bry- manifeft Signs of a Roman work.
in Britifh It is now

ckeinog, So only the name of a Gentleman's Houfe ; and

call'd, as the Welfh
fuppofe, from Prince * Brecha-
not far from it, there is alfo another houfe call'd
Breda- '

- J
mus, who is faid to have had
Caftelban. If it be urg'd in favour of Buelht,
that it feems ftill to retain its ancient name,
a numerous and holy Oft-
which Ptolemy might render b 3'm««,: it may
fpring, to wit, twenty four
vihat
daughters, all Saints. This County is conside- be anfwer'd, that Euelht, which I interpret Col-B«elbt,
1 ' C S«' G «-
rably
*"""J
D
larger
"- than Radnorjhire, but more moun- les bourn, (Ox-Cliff or elfe Oxen-Holt,) was the
— j'-i . -
tainous ; though in many places it has alio name of a fmall Country here, from whence
fruitful Vales. It on
is bounded the Eaft in all likelihood the ancient Bullsum (if it flood

with on the South with Mon-

Hereford/hire, in this tract) was denominated : but that be-
and Glamorganshire, and on the Weft
mouthjjlire
ing totally deftroy'd, and this Town becoming
But (ince nothing can afterwards the moil noted place of the Coun-
with Camxardbmfbire.
be added in the defcription of this fmall Pro- try, it might alfo receive its name from it, as
vince, to what the induftrious Giraldus Cam- the former had done. But (that I may diS-
brenfis hath already written (who was Arch- femble nothing) iince thecongruity of the names
Deacon hereof, f five hundred years lince, ) I is the main argument for affigning this fituation
f Four, C.
to the ancient Bull/mm Silurian we (hall have
may do well for Some time to be lilent, and to ;

call him to my afliftance.

occafion of hefitating, if hereafter we find

Brechiniauc (faith he, in his Itinerary of the ruins of a Roman Fort or City in
t neighbouring Country of
the Silures, the-j. See Gla/Her*
Wales,) is a Landfufficiently abounding with Corn,
whereof if there be any defect, it is amply fi'PPfy'd name whereof
may agree with BulUum no lekgaajliire.
than Buelht.l From this Town, the neigh-
from the borders of England ; and is well Jlored
with Pafturei, Woods, wild Deer, and herds of
bouring part (a mountainous and rocky Coun-
It hath alfo plenty of River-fflh, on one fide try) is alfo csll'd Bualht, into which, upon the
Cattel.
Incurfion of the Saxons, King Vortigern re-
from Usk, and on the other from Wy; both aboun-
ding with Salmon and 'trout, but the Wy with a tir'd.
And there alfo, by the permiffion of
It is inchfed on all parts, Aurelius Ambrofius,
his fon Pafcentius governed j
letter fort call'd Umbra:.
except the North, with high mountains : having on as we are
inform'd by Ninnius, who in his
the Weft, the mountains of Cantre-bychan ; and
Chapter of Wondeis, relates I know not what
towards the South, the Southern-hills, whereof the prodigious
Story of a heap of Stones here,

chief a call'd Kader Arthur,Arthur's Chair, wherein might be feen the footfleps of King
or

from two peaks on fomewhat refembling Arthur's Hound. Hay, in Britifh Tregelhi (which Hay.
tlie top of it,
•

a Chair. Which, a lofty feat, and a in Englifh we may render Hafeley or Hajleton)
in regard it is

place of (Irength, is on the bank of the river Wye, upon the

afcribed in the vulgar appella- lies
tion of it, to Arthur the mofl puiffant and abfolute
borders of Herefordshire : a place which feems
Monarch of the Britains. Fountain fprings on to have been well known to the Romans, fince
A
the very top of this hill ; which is as deep as a we
often find their Coyns" there, and fome ru-
draw-well, and four fquare ; affording grouts, tho' ins of walls are
ftill remaining. But now be-
no water runs out of it. Being thus guarded on almoft totally decny'd, it complains ot the

the South with high mountains, it is defended from

outrages of that profligate Rebel Owen Glyn-
the Sun with cool breez.es ; which, with Dowrdwy, who, in his
march through thefe
the heat of
an innate wholfomnefs of the air, renders the Coun- Countries, confum'd it with fire.

try exceeding temperate. On the rOf this Owen Glyn-dwr or Glyn-Dowrdwy, isOiven
the Eafl, it hath
mountains of Talgarth and Ewias. found the following account, in fome notes ofGlyudwr.
On
the North ( as he faith ) it more the learned and judicious Antiquary Robert
is a
open and champain Country Vaughan of Hengwrt Efq. " Sir Davidh Gam
; where it is di-

by the river Wy upon " was wholly devoted to the intereft of the
vided from Radnorjhire :
" Duke of Lancafter ; upon which account it
which there are two Towns of noted Antiqui-
Bualht is a Town plea-
" was, that Owen ap Gruffydh Vychan (common-
Bualht. t y, Bualht and Hay.
" ly call'd Owen Glyn-Dwr) was his mortal
santly featcd, with Woods about it, and for-
" enemy. This Owen had his education at one
tified with a Caftle ; but of a later building,
" of the Inns of Court, and was prefer'd to
•viz.. by the Breofes and Mortimers, when Rhys ap

Gryffy'dli had demolished the old one. At pre- " the fervice of King Richard the fecond, whofe
fent it is noted for a good Market but for- " Scutifer (as Walfingham faith) he was. Owen
:

" being affured that his King and Mailer Ri-

merly it feems to have been a place very emi-
nent j for Ptolemy fets down the Longitude chard was depofed and murder'd, and being
Bullium. and Latitude of it, and calls it BulUum Siltt- withal! provoked by Several affronts and

rum. TOf this Town, in the year i(5po. a con- wrongs done him by the Lord Grey of Ru-
" thin his neighbour, whom King Henry very
fiderable part (being that fide of the Street
next the river Wye,) was by a cafual fire to- much countenanced againil him took arms,
.
;

tally confumed. Whether this Bualht be the
" caus'd himfelf to be proclaim'd Prince of
ancient Bullxum, or whether that City or Fort
(allowing it to have been in this County) was
Kaereu, fome miles diftant
Kaereu. not a place call'd
'
from it, may be queftion'd. At leaftit is evident,
that there hath been a Roman fort at Kaereu :
for, bclides that the name implies as much (fig-
nifying ftriftly the Walls or Rampire,) and that
the names of
it was prefix'd by the Britains to
almoft all the Roman Towns and Caftles ; they
and looking upon Henry as an Ufurper,
Wales. And though himfelf were defcended
paternally but from a younger brother of the
houfe of Powis, yet (as ambition is ingeni-
ous) he finds out a way to lay claim to
the
Principality, as deScended by a daughter
from Lhewelyn ap Gruffydh the laft Prince of
the Britifh race. He invaded the lands, and
of
burnt and deftroy'd the houfes and eflates
"all
 :

7°5 BRECKNOCKSHIRE. jo6

" allthofe that favour'd and adher'd to King well Stored with Otters, and alfo with Perch,
ct
Henry. He call'd a Parliament to meet at Tench, and Eel, which the Fifhermen take in
K Macbynlhetb in Montgomeryshire whither their Cornels.
: Lhewcni, a fmall river, having-
the Nobility and Gentry of Wales came, in enter'd this Lake, (till retains its own colour,
<c

" obedience to his fummons ; and among them and, as were

it thought
difdaining a mixture, is
" the faid David Gam, but with an intention to carry out no more, nor other water, than
" to murder Owen. The Plot being difcover'd, what it brought in. It hath been an ancient
**
and he taken before he could put it in execu- tradition in this neighbourhood, that where
" tion, he was like to have fuffer'd as a Traitor the Lake is now, there w as formerly a City,g ce c aermar
r
,
.

" but interceflion was made tor him by Owens which being fwallow'd up by an Earthquake, thenlliire.
" beft friends, and the greeted upholders of his refign'd its place to the waters. And to con-
" caufe whom he could not either honoura- firm this, they alledge ( befides other argu-
J
" bly or fafely deny. Yet notwithflanding ments) that all the high-ways ot this County
" this Pardon, as foon as he return'd to his tend to this Lake. If this be true, what other
" own Country, where he was a man ot con- City may we fuppofe on the river Llieweny, but
" fiderable exceedingly annoy 'd
intercit, he Loventium, placed by Ptolemy in this tract ; Loventium.
" Owen's Not
long after, Owen en-
friends. which I have diligently fearch'd for, but there
" ter'd the Marches of Wales, deftroying all appear no where any f remains, either of the r y;d. cardi-
<c
with fire and fword ; and having then burnt name, or the ruins, or the fituation ot it. sSin- ganjkire.
" the Houfc of Sir David Gam, it is reported rianus (which I had almolt forgotten) feems
" that he fpake thus to one of his tenants:" to call this place Brkenaumere who tells us that B r cenau .
;
;

Edelfieda,tbe Mercian Lady, enter'd the Land oj the mere.

O gweli di vir c°ch cam, Britains Anno 5)13, in order to reduce a Caflleat
Tn ymofyn y Gyrnigwen ; Brieenaumere ; and that foe tbere took the Queen
Dywed y bod hi tan y Ian, of the Britains prij oner. Whether that Cattle was
A nod y glo ar ei phen. "recknock it felt", or Cafielh Dinat on a fteep Brecknock-
tapering Rock above this Lake, remains un- Cattle,
But to return.! certain ; but it is manifefl; from the publick
the river IVy watercth the Northern part Records, that the neighbouring Cattle of BIaen-Q] ien Lhe-
As
of this County, fo the Usk, a noble river, takes Lbeveny, was the chief place of that Barony veni-cattle.
Uih, whence its courfe through the midft of it. [Th< which w as the pofieilion of Peter Fitz,-Herl>erh
r

denominated. ^fa name f t hi s river is Wysk, which word the fon of Herbert Lord of Dean-foreft, by Lucy

Teems a derivative from Gwy or Wy, whereof
the Reader may fee fome account in Radnorjhir
At prefent it is not fignificative in the Britifh ;
but is {till preferv'd in the Irifh tongue, and
is their common word for water.
formerly in Britain many Rivers of this name,
which may be now diftinguifh'd in England by
thefe fhadows of it, Ex, Ox, Ux } Oufe, Esk, &c.
But becaufe fuch as are unacquainted with
the daughter of Miles Earl of Hereford. TAs
to the (inking of Lhyn Savadhan abovemen-The finking
tioned, we find the tradition of Cities beingof a Town at
drown'd, apply 'd to many other lakes in Wales ^^ifoZ"
There were as Pwlb-Kynffig in Glamorgan (hire, Lhyn i.'J fl» tradition.
Lhwch in Kaermardhinfhire, Ylhjngwyn in Rad-
norshire, Lhyn Dekwyn ucha in Meirionydhfhire,
and Lhyn Lhyngklys in Shropshire. All which
I fufpect as fabulous, and not to be otherwife

Etymological Obfervations, may take this for
a groundlefs conje&ure ; that it is not fuch
will appear, in regard that in Antonine's Iti-
nerary we find Exeter call'd Ifca Danmonionnn
from its Situation on the river Ex, and alfo a
City upon this river Usk, tor the fame reafon,
call'd ifca Leg. 7/1
regarded, than as one of thofe erroneous tra-
ditions of the Vulgar, from which few (if any)
Nations are exempted. It cannot be denied,
but that in Sicily, and the Kingdom of Naples,
and in fuch other Countries as are fubjecl: to
violent earthquakes and fubterraneous fires, fuch
accidents have happen'd but finceno Hiftories
;

The Usk falling headlong from the Black- inform us, that any part of Britain was ever
mountain, and forcing a deep Chanel, palles by fenfible of fuch Calamities , 1 fee no reafon
Brecknock. Brcckrwck,thc chief Town of the County,and pla- we have to regard thefe oral traditions.
ced almoft in the Center of it. This Town At a place call'd _? Gaer near Brecknock, there Maen
y Mo-
Aberhodni, the Britains call Aber-Hondhy, from the conflu- ftands a remarkable Monument in the high- rynnion.
Giraldo ence of the two rivers, Hondby and Usk. That way, commonly call'd Maen y Morynnion, or the
Camb. it was inhabited in the time of the
is Maiden-flone.Romans,
It is a rude pillar, erected in the
evident from feveral Emperors, mid ft of the road, about fix toot high and two
Coyns of their
fometimes found there Tand a Roman broad, and fix inches thick.
; from On the one fide,
Brick lately difcover'd with where it inclines a little, it thews the portrai-
this Infcription,
LEG. II. AUG. as alfo from a fquare Camp tures of a man and woman in fome ancient ha-
near this place, commonly called y Gaer, that bit. It feems to have been carv'd with no
is, the Fortification where Roman Bricks are fmall labour, though with little art
;
for the -,

frequently turn'd up by the Plough, with the Figures are considerably rais'd above the fu-
fame Infcription.! Bernard Newmarch, who con- perficies of the flone, and all that part where
quer'd this fmall County, built here a ftately they ftand is deprets'd lower than that above
Cattle, which the Breofes and Bobuns afterward their heads or under their feet. That it is ve-
+ So faid, repaired and in our t Fathers memory, King ry ancient, is unquestionable
; but whether a ;

anti. 1603. Henry the eighth founded a Collegiate Church Britifh Antiquity, or done by fome unskilful
of fourteen Prebendaries (in the Priory of the Roman Artift, I fnall not pretend to determine;
Dominicans) which he tranflated thither from but recommend it ( together with the tradi-
Aber-Gwily in Caer-mardbinfrire. tion of the neighbours concerning it ) to the

Two miles to the Eaft of Brecknock, is a large farther difquifition ot the curious.
Lhyn Savad Lake, which the Britains call Lhyn Savedban, And at Pentre Tskythrog in Lhan St. Fred pa- Infcription at
p ' atn Ysk ^
han. and Lhyn Standing Lake Giraldus
Savadban, i.e. a : erected in the high-
rifh, there is a ftone Pillar
calls it Clamofum, from the terrible noife it makes, way, about the fame height with the former, b
like a clap of thunder, upon the breaking of the but fomewhat of a deprefs'd-cylinder form ;
Brecknock* Ice. In Englifh, it is called Brecknock-mere : it is with this mutilated Infcription, to be read
mere. nvo m ii es long, and near the fame breadth ; downwards.
U u u u J
 7°7 SILURES. 708

N.'rRVlHif TLVr V/CT'CRIA/TJ

I fuppofe this Infcription (notwithftanding Famoj-parifh, is yet much later

; the Infcrip-
the name ViBminus)
to have been of fomewhat tion whereof, though it be intirely preferv'd,
I

later datethan the time of the Romans ; and is to me unintelligible ; for I dare not rely on
that it is only a Monument of fome perfon a flight conjecture that I made at firfi
view of
buried there, containing no more than his it, that it might be read, In nomine Dei Sum-
own name and his father's ; N. film mi, Tilui ; Tilaus or Teilaw being an eminent
ViBormi. _
^
Saint, to whom many Churches in South-
Inftription at But this upon a Crofs in the high-way at Wales are confecrated.
Vaenor.

rH INNOmiNEdirumiHLUS

St. Iltut's In Lhan Ham?nwkh

Parffh, there is an ancient fourth laid on the top for a cover, that they
Cell. Monument commonly call'd T"f Ilhtud or St. make an oblong fquare Hut, open at the one
Iltut's Hermitage. It ftands
on the top of a end ; about eight foot long, four wide, and
bill, not far from
the Church ; and is com- near the fame height. Having enter'd it, I
pofed of four large Stones fomewhat of a flat found the two fide Stones thus inferib'd
with
form, altogether rude and unpolifh'd. Three variety of Crofl'es.
of which are fo pitch'd in the ground, and the

I fuppofe this Cell, notwithftanding the Which Bernard JVetvmarcb having at length, after
crollesand the name, to have been erected in a tedious war, got this country out of the
the time of Paganifm ; for that I have elfewhere hands of the Welfh, he built Forts therein,
obferv'd fuch Monuments ( to be hereafter and gave Pofleffions of Lands to his Fellow-
mention'd) plac'd in the center of circles of foldiers; amongfl whom
were the the chiefeft
ftones, fomewhat
like that at Rolricb in Ox- Aubreys, Gunters, Haverds, M^aldebeofs, and Pri-
fordfhire. And
though there is not at prefent cbards f(of thefe, Roger Gimter, a younger bro-
;

fuch a circle about this yet I have grounds to ther of that Family, intermarrying with the
,-

fufpeft that they may have been carried off, daughter and heir of 'Thomca Stodey, 8 Hen.
4,
and applied to fome ufe. For there has been fettled at K'mtbury or Kentbury in Barkfhire.l
one remov'd very lately, which flood within a And the better to fecure himfelf amongfl: his
few paces of this Cell, and was call'd Maen enemies the Welfh, he married N£ft, the daugh-
Ilhtud ; and there are fome Stones /fill remain- ter of Prince Gruffydh who being a woman ;

ing there.l of a licentious and revengeful temper, at once

* De novo In the reign of William Rufus, Bernard* New- depriv'd her felf of her reputation, and her
mercatu. march the Norman, a man of undaunted cou- fon of his Inheritance. For Mabel the only
Lords of
rage, and great policy, having levied a confi- fon of this Bernard, having affronted a young
Brecknock,
derable Army both of Englifh and Normans, Nobleman with whom fhe converfed too fa-
was the firft that attempted the reducing of miliarly fhe (as the Poet faith) j

this Country. f Having difcomfited and

Bledhyn a
P flain in the field Bledhyn ap Maenynh, and feifed
.
- Iram atque animos a trimine fu-
;
J
rch
' on the Lordfhip of Brecon, and forced his fon
X. Vaughan. and heir Givgan to be content with that fhare
of it, which he was pleas'd, by way of com- Spur'd on by Luff to anger and revenge ;
pofition, to appoint him, he gave him the
Lordfhip and Manours of Lhan Vibangel depos'd upon Oath before King Henry the fe-
'tal y Lhyn, part of Lhan Lhyeni and Kannev cond, that her fon Mabel was begotten in adul-
Selw, with lodgings in the Caftle of Breck- tery, and was not the fon of Bernard. Upon
nock where, in regard he was the rightful which, Mabel being excluded, the eflate de-
;

Lord of the Country, there was fuch a ftrift volved to his fifier Sibyl, and in her right to her
eye kept over him, that he was not permitted husband Miles Earl of Hereford whofe five ;

at any time to go abroad without two or fons dying without ifiue, this Country of Breck-
more Norman Knights in his company. 1 nock tell to the fhare of Bertha his daughter,
who
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
3
O

o
 —

7°9 MONMOUTHSHIRE. jio

Call'd allc who had, by Philip de Breos, a fon, JVtiliam de laft, being compell'd to quit his native coun-
Braus and Breos, Lord of Brecknock ; upon whom the fe- try, he died an Exile in France but his wife :
Bretis.
* Procax. ditious (pirit and * fhrew'd tongue of his wife being taken, furfer'd the worft of miferies; for
\\

(I Matildis drew infinite calamities. For when file had (he was flarv'd in priibn, and fo, did f'everc
dr; Ha (a. utter 'd reproachful language againft King John, penance for her_ fcurrilous language. His fon
the King Jirictly commanded her husband, who Giles, Bifliop of Hereford, having (without
was deep in his debt, to difcharge it immedi- regard to his nephew, who was the true heir)
ately. Who after frequent demurring;,, at Iaft recover'd his father's eftatr> N" «- -^
<^- nt
morteaeed to thp Kino- Ui* ^^.--

— r>
_
Lantom,
... t
was founded by Walter
— -M-«^«^™/y of Tty duJalfoth/mitcuted condi-
it Lacy, toVtion oj the Mwks, faming God -with due Reverence,
I and
ii
 ;

7°9 MONMOUTHSHIRE. 710

Tall who had, by Philip de Breos, a foil, Williamlaft, being compell'd to quit his native coun-
t l

BraL and Lord of Brecknock ; upon whom the

Breos, try, he died an Exile in France
•

fe but his wife :

Brei
* Procair. clicious fpirit and *flwew'd tongue of his wife being taken, furhVd the worft of miferus for
\\ ;

li Matildis drew infinite calamities. For when iTie had (he was ftarvM in priibn, and fo, did fevere
cte Haia, utter 'd reproachful language again!! King John, penance for tier fcurrilous language. His (on
the King ftrictly commanded her husband, who Giles, Bifhop of Hereford, having ( without
was deep in his debt, to difcharge it immedi- regard to his nephew, who was the true heir)
ately. Who after frequent demurrings, at laft recover'd
his father's eitate by permiflion of
mortgaged to the King his three Catties of Hay, King John, left it to his brother Reginald ;
Brecknock, and Radnor which foon arter he
; whofe fon William was hang'd by Lheiuelin
furprifed with a mixt multitude that he had Prince of Wales, who had caught him in adul-
got together, and put the Garrifons to the tery with his wife. But by the daughters of
Sword he alio burnt the Town of Lemfter,
: that \Villiam,_ the Mortimers, Cantdows, and Bo-
and with fire, fword, and depredations, con- hiins, Earls of Hereford, enjoyM plentiful for-

tinu'd to annoy the Country, omitting no- tunes. This Country of Brecknock fell to the
thing of the ulual practices of Rebels. But Bohunsy and at length from them to the Staf-
upon the approach ot the King's forces, he ford! and upon the attainder of Edward Staf-
;

withdrew into Ireland, where he aflbciated ford Duke ot Buckingham, con[idcrablc revenues
with the King's enemies yet, pretending a
: were forfeited to the Crown, in this County.
fubmiffion, he return'd, and fiirrender'd him- f James Butler, afterwards Duke of Ovmond, Earl of
felf to the King, who was about to follow was created Earl of Brecknock, upon the Refto- Brecknock,
him ; but after many teign 'd promifes, he a- ration of King Charles the fecond, in the
gain rais'd new commotions in Wales. At year io'o'o.]

'This County has 61 Pari/hes.

MONMOUTHSHIRE.
HE County of Monmouth, call'd whom William Earl of Hereford gave large
formerly Wentfet and Wentjland, poffeffions here ; and from whom tiiofe Lacrn,
and by the Eritains Gwent fo renown'd among the firft Conquerors of
(from an ancient City of that Ireland, were defended. Giraldus Cambrenfis
name,) lies fouth of Brecknock- (to whom it was well known) can beft defcribe
fijire and Hereford/hire. On th the fituation of this fmall Abbey, b the low
north, it is divided from He vale of Ewias (faith he) which is alma a how-
refordfhire by the river Mynwy ; on the eaft foot aver, and enelos'd
on all files with high moun-
from Glocefterfhire by the river Wye ; on the tains, ftands the Church
of St. John Baptift, cover i
weft from Glamorganshire by Rhymni and on with lead ; and, confidcring the fiilitariuefs
;
of the
the fouth it is bounded by the Severn-fea, into place, not nnhandfomly built,
with an arched roof of
"which thofe rivers, as alfo Uik (that
runs ftoiw ; in the fame place, whet e formerly
flood a fmall
through the midft of tllis County)
are dif- Chapel of St. David the
Archbifliop, recommended
charged. not only a competent plen- with no other Ornaments than green
It affords
rnofs and ivy.
ty for the of the inhabitants, but alfo
ufe A
place fit fir the exercife of Religion, and the
moft
abundantly fupplies the defefls of the neigh- conveniently jutted
fir canonical difcipline, of any
bouring Counties. The eaft part abounds with Monaftery in the I/land
of Britain : built firft (to
paftures and woods ; the weft part is fome- the honour ofthatfiiitary
life) by two Hermits in
what mountainous and rocky, but yet this Dejert, remote from all the
neifc of the world,
wards to a good degree the pains of the hus- ufon the river Hodeni, which glides
through the
bandman. The inhabitants (faith Giraldus, midft of the vale. Whence it was call'd
Lhan Ho-
writing of the time when he liv'd) are a va- deni ; the word Lhan fignifying a
Chinch or Reli- 5
od ?' A
liant and courageom people , f.
inurd to frequent gtens place. But to /peak more accurately,
the true
Skirmiflj.s, and the mofl ikilfnl archers of all the name of that place in We/Jh is Nant Hodeni
; fir
IVelfh borderers. the Inhabitants call it at this day
Lhaii-Dhewi yn
In the utmoft corner of the County fouth- Nant-Hodeni, e. St. David'i Church on the ,'.
ri-
Ewias. ward, call'd Ewias, ftands the ancient Abbey ver Hodeni. "The rains which
mountainous places
Lantoni. of Lantoni, not far from the river Mynwy, a- ujually produce, are here
very frequent ; the winds
mongft Hatterel-hills ; which, becaufe they bear exceeding fierce, and the
Winters almoft continually
lomc refemblance to a chair, are call'd Mynydh cloudy.^ Tet notwithftatuling that
grefs air, it is fo
Kader. TFor Kader is the name ot many moun- temper d, that tins place is very little
fubjeil to
tains in Wales ; as Kader Arthur, Kader Ver- difeafes. The Monks here fitting in their Chiflers,
win, Kader Idris, Kader Dhinmael, Kader yr when they chance to look out for frejli air, have a
Ychen, &c. which the learned Dr. Da-vies fup- pleafmg profpeel, on all hands,
of exceeding high
pofes to have been fo call'd, not from their re- mountains, with plentiful herds
of wild Deer, feed-
femblance to a Kadair or Chair ; but becaufe ing aloft at
the fir/theft limits of their Horizon.
they have been either fortified places, or were The * body of the Sun [urmoums not thefe hills,
(o t .

look'd upon as naturally impregnable, by fuch Tl

as to be vifible to them, till it is
paft' one a clock, tradStedbT
as hrft impos'd thofe names on them. For the even when the air is moft clear. And
a little fuel, as know
Britifh Kader (as well as the Iriflr word Kathair) after -The fame of this place drew hither Roger thc P' a ' e -
fignify'd anciently a Fort or Bulwark ; whence Bifiop of Salisbury, prime
Minifler of State ; who
probably the modern word Kaer of the fame having for feme nine admir'd
the fituation and re-
fignification, might be corrupted.] As for tir d filitarinefs of it, and alfo the contented condi-
Lacy. Lantoni, it was founded by Walter Lacy, to tion of the Monks, fetving God with
due Reverence,
and
 : : i

7ii SI LURES. jii

antl their mofl agreeable and brotherly conversation March on, brave Souls, to Tanais bend your
and being return d to the King, and having /pent the arms,
befl part of a day in the praifet of it, he at laft thus And rowze the lazy North with juft alarms.
concluded his difcourfe : What fhaU I fay more ! all Beneath the torrid Zone your enemies
tfx Ireafure ofyour Majefly mid the Kingdom -would fpread ;
mtjugke to build fuch a Cloifter. At -which both Make trembling Nile difclofe its fecret
tlx King and Courtiers being aflonifh'd, he at lajl head.
explain d that Paradox, by telling them he meant the Surprize the World's great limits with your
mountains wherewith it -was on all hands enclos d. haft,
But of this enough, if not too much. Where nor Alcidesnor old Batchm pall.
Lhan. fit may be here obferv'd, that Lhan or Lan Let daily triumphs raife you vaft re-
properly iignifksa.Tard, or fume fmall Inclofure ; nown,
as may be taken notice of in compound words The w orId and r
all its treafures are your
For we find a Vineyard czYld. Gwin-lan; an Or- own.
chard, Per-lan ; a Hay-yard, Td-lan ; a Church- Yours are the Pearls that grace the Perfmn"\
yard, Korjfli-Ian i a Sheepfold, Kur-lan ; Sec, Sea, /
However (as Giraldus obierves) it denotes fe- You rich Panchaa, India and Catay >
parately, a Church or Chapel; and is or com- With fpicy, ivory barks, and filk fup-k
mon ufe, in that fenfe, throughout all Wales ply. _>

probably becaufe fuch Yards or Inclofures might While Henry, great Achilles of our land,
be places of Worfhip in the time ot Heathenifm : Bleft with all joys extends his wide com-
or upon the firft planting of Chriftianity, when mand.
Churches were fcarce.l Whofe noble deeds and worthy fame fur^
On the river Mynwy are feen the caftles of pafs
G roiTmont. Grofmont and Skhiffrith, which formerly, by a The ancient glories of his heavenly race.
Skinffrith. Grant of King John, belong'd to the Breofes,

but afterwards to Hubert de Burgh, who ( as Monmouth alfo glories in the birth of Gal- Geofrey cf
f Hift. Min. we are inform'd by f Matthew Paris) that he fridm ArthuriuSy Bifhop of St. Afaph, who com' Monmouth,
might calm a Court-tempeft of Envy, and be re- pil'd the Britifh Hiftory
*
an Author well °j A
r Arthur.
; X
-.,»
ftor'd to favour, refign'd up thefe and two other skill d
*
Antiquities,
i
m
but, as it leems, not * F -^ e ?ut
- • i
-

caftles, to wit, Blank and Hanfeld, to King of entire credit fo many ridiculous Fables aividetur)
: noa
Henry the third. his own invention hath he inferted in that work.*""'? "** 1

In another corner north-caftward, the river In fo much that he is now r.ink'd amongft thofe
Mynwy andWy meeting, do almoft encompafs writers that are prohibited by the Church oi Rojne.
the chief town of this County, which is thence [But altho' this Jeffrey of Monmouth (as well as
denominated ; for the Britains call it Mynwy, mod other Writers of the Monkifh times) a-
Jtfonmoutb. and we Monmouth. On the north-fide, where bounds with Fables, which is not deny 'd by
it is not guarded with the rivers, it is forti- fuch as contend for fome Authority to that Hi-
fy 'd with a wall and a ditch. In the midft ftory ; yet that thofe Fables were of his own
of the town, near the market-place, ftandsthe Invention, may feem too fevere a cenfure, and
caftle, which (as we find in die King's R< fcarce a juft accufation fince we find moil or :

cords) flourifh'd in the time oi' Wiiliam the all of them, in that Britifh Hiftory he tran-
Conqueror ; but is thought to have been re- flated ; of which an ancient copy may be feen
built by John Baron of Monmouth. From in the Library of Jefus-College at Oxford, which
him it came to the Houfe of Lancafter, when concludes to this ctiecT: : Walter Arch-deacon of
King Henry the third had deprived him of his Oxford compos 'd this Book in Latin, out of Britifb
Inheritance, for efpoufing fo violently the Ba- Records : which he afterwards thus render d into mo~
rons Intereft againft him : Or rather (as we dern Britifh. We find alfo many of the fame
read in the King's Prerogative) tor that his heirs Fables in Nirmim, who writ his Eulogium Bri-
had pafs'd their Allegiance to the Earl of Bri- tannia about three hundred years before this
tain in France. Since that time, this town Galfridus Arturius compos'd the Britifh Hiftory.
has flourifh'd confiderably, enjoying many pri- As to the regard due to that Hiftory in gene-
vileges granted them by the Houfe of Lanca- ral, the judicious Reader may confult Doctor
fter. But for no one thing is it fo eminent, as Powel's Epiftle De Britannica Hifloria reBe intel-
for the birth of King Henry the fifth, that tri- ligenda ; and Dr. Davies's Preface to his Bri-
umphant Conqueror ot France, and fecond Or- tifh Lexicon ; and ballance them with the ar-
nament of the Lancastrian family, who, by di- guments and authority of thofe who wholly
rect force of arms, fubdu'd the Kingdom of reject it.

France, and redue'd their King, Charles the Near Monmouth ftands a noble Houfe, built by
iixth, to that extremity, that he did little lefs Henry late Duke oi Beaufort, call'd Troy ; and here- Troy.

than refign his Title. profperous tofore the relidence ot his eldeft fon Charles Mar-
Upon whofe
Succefs, John Seward a Poet in thofe times, quifs of Worcefter, who was owner of it, and
and none ot the loweft rank, befpeaks the Eng- of the Caftle and Manour of Monmouth, which
lish Nation in this lofty ftile werefettled upon him with other large pofleffions
in this County, by the Duke his father!
he per extremmn lanain, pigrofque Trioties, The river Wye (wherein they take Salmon
Jte per arentem Lybiam, fuperate calores plentifully from September to April) is conti-
Sofa* &
arcanos Nili deprendite fontes. nu'd from hence fouthward with many wind-
Hcrculeum finem, Bacchi tranfeurrite me- ings and turnings. It is now the limit be-
tas ;
tween Glocefterfhire and Monmouthfhire ; but
Angli juris erit qukquid comphElitur orbit. was formerly the boundary betwixt the Welfh
Anglis rubra dabunt pretipfas aquora con- and Englifh according to that verfe of Ne-
;

chm, cham :

Indus ebur, ramos Panchaia, vellera Seres,

Dum viget Henricm, dum nofler vivit A- hide vagos Vaga Cambrenfes, him refpicit

cbilles Anglos.

Efi etenim laudes longs tranfgreffus avitas. Hence Wye the Englifh views, and thence
the Welfh.
Near
7*3 MONMOUTHSHIRE. 7H
Near its tall into the Severn-Sea, it partes terfeited not of late, but anciently, when that
'Chepftow by Chep/loiv, which is a Saxon name, and figni- Emperor's Coins were current money. It is
fies a market or place of trading. In Britifh it a brafs piece, of the bignefs of a denarius, and
is call'd ^Kafwtnt orl Caflelb Gwent. It is a cover'd with a very thin leaf of filver ; which
town of good note, built on a hill clofe by when rub'd oft', the letters difappear. Alfo
the river, and guarded with walls of a consi- Julia Mafia, ot embas'd metal, not unlike our
derable circumference, which take in feveral tin farthings. Others were of Valerianus, Gal-
Fields and Orchards. The cadle is very fair, lienus, Probus, Dioclefmnus, Conftantius Chlorus,
(landing on the brink of the river: and on the Conflantinus Magnm, Julius Crifpus, Qmftans, and
oppoiite fide there flood a Priory, whereof the both Valentinians. Again, in the year 1693,
better part being demolifh'd, the remainder is one Charles Keinton fhew'd me part of a Ro-
converted into a Parifh-Church. The bridge man brick-pavement in his yard the bricks :

here over the Wye is built upon piles, and is were fomewh^t above a foot long, nine inches
exceeding high ; which was necellary, becauf'e broad, and an inch and a half thick ; all
the tide rifes here to a great height. The mark'd thus :

Lords of this place were the Clares Earls of

Pembroke; who trom a neighbouring cadle

Earls of
call'd Strighul, where they liv'd, were com-
monly call'd Earls of Strighul and Pembroke .-
cr
Strighull, of whom Richard the lad Earl, a man of in-
vincible courage and ilrength (firnarr/d Strong- The City took up about a mile in circum-
bow from his excellency in Archery,) was the ference on the fouth-fide, a confiderable part
:

fird that made way for the Englifh into Ire- of the wall is yet remaining, and mote than
land. By his daughter it defcended to the Bi- the ruins of three Baft ions. What repute it
gots, &c. and now it belongs to the Earls of had heretofore, we may gather from hence ;
Worcedcr, [created fince Dukes of Beaufort. that before the name ot Monmouth was heard
I

This place feems to be of no great antiquity of, this whole Country was call'd ffrom it
; 1

for feveral do affirm, and not without reafon, Guest, I'Vent-jet or Wents-land. Moreover (as
that it had its rife not many ages pad, from we read in the life of Tatbaius a Britiih Saint) Lib. LancUfF.
Venta. the ancient city Venta, which flourifh'd a- it was formerly an Academy, or place dedica-
bout four miles from hence in the time of ted to Literature, which the fame Tatbaius
Antoninus, who calls it Venta Silurian, as it govern'd with great commendation, and alfo
it was their chief city. Which name nei- founded a Church there, in the reign of King
ther arms nor time have been able to con- Kradok ap-Tnyr, who invited him hither from
Kaer-wcnt. fume ; for at this day it is call'd Kaer-went, or an Hermitage.
the city Venta. But the city it felf is fo much ["The fprefaid Englifh names of Winrfet andwentfet, &c.
dedroy'd by the one or the other, that it only IVmts-lani have indeed their original from the
appears to have once been, trom the ruinous walls, Britiih Gwent; by which almod all this Country,
the checquer'd pavements, and the Roman coins, and part of Glocederfhire and Herefordshire,
fin the year n58p, there were three checquer'd were call'd, till Wales was divided into Coun-
* tt. Ridley's. Pavements difcover'd in a * Garden here ; which ties. But it is made a quedion by fome, whe-
being in trofly weather expos'd to the open ther that name Gwent be owing to the City
air, upon the thaw the cement was diflolv'd, Venta or whether the Romans might not calf
;

and this valuable antiquity utterly defae'd. So this City, Venta Sihrum, as well as that of the
that at prefent there remains nothing for the Icent, and that other of the Belga, from the
entertainment of the Curious, but the fmall more ancient Britifli names of part of their
cubical Hones whereof it was compos'd which Countries. Had the Country been denomina-
;

are of various iizes and colours, and may be ted fince the Roman Conqued, from the chief
found confufedly fcatter'd in the earth, at the City, it had been more properly call'd Gwlad
depth of halt a yard. Checquer'd Pavements Gatr-Lheion, than Gwtid Gwent. But of this
oblong cubical (tones, commonly about
confifl of enough, if not too much.l Five miles to theStmgle,
half an inch in length; whereof fome are na- wed of Kaer-went, is icated .Smg/W-caftle at
tural (tones, wrought into that form and ; the bottom of the hills ; which now we call
others artificial, made like brick. Thefe are Strugle, but the Normans Eflrig-bill ; built (as
ot feveral colours ; we find in Domefday-book) by William Fitzr
as white, black, blue, green,
red, and yellow ; and are Earl of Hereford ; and afterwards the
clofe pitch'd toge- Osbern
ther in a floor of fine plaifter, and fo difpos'd feat of the Clares, Earls of Pembroke ; whence
by the Artid, with refpect to colour, as to rhey have been alfo commonly call'd Earls of
exhibit any figures of men, beads, birds, trees, Strighull. Beneath thefe places, upon the Se-
C7'c. In one ot thefe Pavements, as the owner vern-Sea, not tar from the mouth of the river
relates, were delineated feveral flowers, which Wy, lies Port Skewetb, call'd by MarianusPo;t-p0rt: $&.
he compar'd to Rofes, Tulips, and Flowers de Luce ; Skitb, who informs us, that Harald built aweth.
and at each ot the tour corners, a Crown, .
Fort there againd the Wel(h in the year 1066,
and a Peacock holding a Snake in his Bill, w'hich they immediately overthrew, under the
and treading it under one foot. Another had conduct of Karadok. Near Caldecot, where the Caldeeot.
the figure of a man in armour from the bread river Tbrogoy enters the Severn-Sea, I obferv'd
upward. There were alfo Imperial Heads, and
In q_ , £ Ig
the wall of a caftle, which formerly belong'd
fome other variety of Figures, which, had they to the Condables of England, and was held by
been preferv'd, might have been indruftive, as the fervice of the Couflablejbip of England. Not
well as diverting, to the Curious in the ftudy far from hence are JVondy and Pen- how, thewondy and
of Antiquities. In their Gardens, and elfe- feats formerly of the illuftrious family of St. Pen-how.
where in this village, they frequently meet Maur, now corruptly call'd Seimour. For we St- Maur or
with brafs Coins which have been diligent- find that about the year
Seimour '
: 1240. (in order to
ly collected by an ingenious and worthy wreft JVondy out of the hands of the Welfh)
-J-
George Kc t Gentleman ot that neighbourhood. In that G. Marefcal Earl of Pembroke was oblig'd to
tneis of Lhan Collection, there is an adulterated Coin
of An- aflid William of St, Maur. From whom was
Vair, Eflfi
toninus Pius, which feems to have been coun- defcended Roger of St. Maur Knight, who
X x x 1 rmrry'd
 ; d^
d

HH
7i5 SILU RES. 716
marry'd one of the coheirs of the illuftrious right of marriage, by the Cantelows and Haflings,
J, Beauchamp, Baron of Hach "who was des- to Reginald Lord Grey of Ruthin. But William 19 Rich. 2.
;

cended from Sibyl one of the coheirs of that Beauchamp obtain'd it ot the Lord Grey, * by* Virtuiz cu-
.
moll: puiiTant William Marshall Earl of Pem- Conveyance and he again, in default of Iilue-;"/^'" Tran-
:

broke, from William Ferrars Earl of Derby, male, entail'd it on his brother Thomas Earl^'^fJ;^
Hugh de Vivon, and MAliiam Mallet, men of great of Warwick, and on his heirs-male. Richard mv:n
'

Eminence in their times. The Nobility of all fon of William Beauchamp, Lord of Akr-
which, as alfo of feveral others (as may be Gavenm, who, tor his military valour, was cre-
made very evident) center'd in the Right Ho- ated Earl of Worcefter, and being (lain in the
nourable Edward de St. Maur or Seimour, Wars of France, left one only daughter, who
* The pre- * Earl of Hereford, a lingular encourager of was marry'd to Edward Nevil. From hence-
fen t Earl, C. virtue and learning for which he is defer- forth, the Nevils became eminent under the
;

vedly to be celebrated. title of Barons of Aber-Gavenni. But the caftle

The Fenny trad, extended below this for was a long time detain'd from them, by reafon
The Moor. fome miles, is call'd the Moor which at my of the conveyance before mention'd.
; The
+ Circ. arm,
1607. | prefent reviewing thefe notes, has fuffer'd a fourth of thefe dying f in our memory, left one + So fdfd,
An Inunda. molt lamentable devastation. For the Severn- only daughter Mary, marry'd to Sir Thoinas 3-™- 1607.
Sea after a Spring-tide, having before been Fane Knight; between whom and Sir Edward U l9 &
tinn 1607.
Jan. driven back by a fouth- weft-wind (which con- Nevil the next heir-male (to whom the caftle
&t<
6 ^
tinu'd for three days without intermilfion) and and mofl of the eftate had been left by Will,
then again repuls'd by a very forcible Sea- which was alfo confirm'd by authority of
wind, rofe to fuch a high and violent Tide, Parliament) there was a trial for the title of
as to overflow all this lower tract, and alfo Baron of Aber-Gavenni, before the Houfe of
that ot Soinerjetfrire over-againft it, throwing Lords, in the fecond year of King James [the
down feveral Houfes, and overwhelming a con- firft 1 the Pleadings on both tides taking up;

siderable number of cattel and men. In the feven days. But in regard the queftion of
borders of this fenny tract, where the land right could not be fully adjufted; and that
Gold-cliff, r ifeS , (faith Giraldus) each of
li es Gold-cliff; fo call'd them feem'd to all (in refpect of defcent)
becatife when the Sun fames, the flones appear of a very worthy of the title ; and that moreover
bright gold colour. Noy can I be eafily perfwaded it was evident, that both the title of Baron of
(faith he) that nature hath Aber-Gavenni, and that of Le Defpenfer, belong'
beflow'd this colour on
the flones in vain; or that it would
found mere- be hereditarily to this family
the Peers requeft- :

ly a flower -without fruit, flmtld fome skilful Ar-

ed of his Majefty, that both might be honour'
tifl fearch the veins and bowels of this rock. In
with the title of Baron ; to which he agreed.
this place there remain fome ruins of an old was then propos'd to the Peers by the Lord
It
Priory, founded by one of the family of Chan- Chancellor, tirft, Whether the heir-male or fe-
male fliould enjoy the title of Aber-Gavenni ;
From hence we come through a Fenny Coun- upon which the majority of voices gave it tor
The river try to the mouth of the river Ifca, call'd by the heir-male. And when he had again pro-
Usk. the Britains Wysk, in Englifh Usk, and by pos'd, Whether the title of Baron Le Defpenfer ^^neiih
others Ofca. This river (as we have already ihould be confer'd on the female and her heirs, De, P cn fe f.
obferv'd) taking its eourfe through the midft they unanimously agreed to it; to which his
of the County, paffes by three tmall cities of Majefty gave his Royal Aflent. And Edward
I

great antiquity. The firft, on the north-weft- Nevil was foon after fummon'd to Parliament
1

border of the County, call'd by Antoninus] by the King's Writ, under the title of Baron
Gobannium. Gobannium, is fituate at the confluence of the | of Aber-Gavenni. And being according to the
rivers Wysk and Govenni ; and thence denomi ufual ceremony, introduced in his Parliament-
nated. It is at this day (retaining its ancient Robes between two Barons ; he was plac'd
appellation) call'd Aber-Gavenni, and by con- above the Baron de Audeley. At the fame time
Aber-Ga- traction Aber-Gaenni ; which fignifies the Con- alfo, the King's Letters Patents were read be-
venni. fluence of Gavenni or Gobannium. It is fortify 'd fore the Peers, whereby his Majefty reflord,
with walls and a caftle, which (as Giraldus \advancd, prefer d, &rc. Mary Fane, to the flate %
obferves) has been oftener ftain'd with the in- degree, title, file, name, honour, and dignity of Ba
famy of treachery, than any other cattle ot ronefs le Defpenfer j and that her heirs fucceffvely
Wales : Firft, by William Son of Earl Miles, fbould be Barons le Defpenfer, &c. But the que-
and afterwards by William Breos ; both having, liion of Precedency being propos'd, the Peers
upon publick aflurance, and under pretence of refer'd the decifion thereof to the Commif-
friendship, invited thither fome of the Welfh fioners for the office of Earl Marfhal of Eng-
Nobility, and then bafely murder'd them. But land, who, upon mature deliberation, gave it
they efcap'd not the juft vengeance of God ; under their hands and feals for the Barony of
for Breos having been depriv'd of all his effects le Defpenfer- This was read before the Peers,
(alfo, his wife and fon ftarv'd with hunger) and by their order regifter'd in their Journal ;
dy'd in exile. The other having his brains out of which I have taken this account, in fhort.
dafh'd-out with a ftoue, while Breulai-caftle fEdward was fucceeded in the honour of Baron
was on fire, receiv'd at length the due reward of Aber-Gavenny, by his fon and heir of the
Lords of of his villany. The firft Lord of Aber-Gavenni, fame name ; to whom fucceeded Henry his fon,
Aher-Ga- that I know of, was one Hamelin Balm, who and likewife John, fon of the faid Henry ; and
venni.
made Brien Wallingford, or Brient de L'/fle (call'd George (brother and heir to the faid John )
alfo Fitz.-Coum) his Heir. And he having built who was alfo fucceeded by George his fon. Who
here an Hofpital for his two fons, who were dying without iflue, the title of Lord Aber-
Lepers, left the greatefl part of his Inheritance Gavenny defcended to George (fon of George
to Walter the fon of Miles, Earl of Hereford. Nevil of Sheffield in the County of Suifex,
This Walter was fucceeded by his brother great grandfon to Edward Lord Aber-Ga-
Henry, whom the Welfh flew, when they inva- venny,) who now enjoys it. 1 What ought
ded his Territories ; which the King's Lieu- not to be here omitted, is, that John Haflings
tenants defended, though not without great held this Caftle by homage, ward, and marriage.
hazard and danger. By the lifter of Henry When it happens fas we read in the Inquifltion)d Edw. 2.
itdefended to the Breofes ; and from them, in and there (hall chance to be war between the King
of
7'7 MO N MOUTH SHI RE. 718
oj England and Prime of Wal& ; he ought to ruins of ancient Temples, theatrical places encompafs'd
defend the Country of Over- went at his own charge, with /lately walls, which arc, partly, yet /landing.
to the utmoft of his power, for the good of himfelj, Subterraneous edifices ate frequently met -with, not
the King, and Kingdom. only within the walls, but alfo in the fuburbs ; a.*,
Bu.-ncim. The fecond town, call'd by Antoninus Bur- aquedutls, vaults, and (zuhich is well worth our
rium (who places it twelve miles from Goban- objervaticn) Hypoeau/ls or /loves, contriv'd with ad-
niurn,) is feated where the river Eyrdhin falls rmrable artifice, conveying heat injen/ibly through
into UsL It is call'd now in Britifh, by a fome very narrow vents on the fides. Two very emi-
tranfpofition of letters, Brynbiga for Burenbegi, nent, and (next to St. Alban and Amphibalus)
and alio Kaer-wysk, by Giraldus Caflrum Oskst, the chiej Protomartyrs of Britannia major, lye en-
Usk. an a i n Engliih Usk. At this day, it (hews tombed here, where they were crown d with martyr-
only the ruins of a large itrong Cattle, plea- dom ; viz,. Julius and Aaron ; each of whom had
fantly feated between the river Usk, and Oilwy a Church dedicated to him in this City. For in
a fmall brcok, which takes its courfe from the ancient times there were three noble Churches here.
e:;ftj by Ragland, an elegant and caftle-like houf One oj Julius the Martyr, grae'd with a Quire-of
of the Earl of V/orcefter i~(now Duke of Beau- Nuns ; another dedicated to St. Aaron his companion,
fort,)'} and pafles under it. ennobled with
a jamous order of Canons ; and the
Ifca. The third City, call'd by Antoninus If third honour d with the Metropolitan See of Wales.
and Legi'0 fecunda (feated on the other tide of Amphibalus alfo, teacher of St. Alban, whofincerely
the river Usk, and diflant, as he obferves, ex- infirucled him in the Faith, was born here. This
actly twelve Italian miles from Burrium) is City is excellently feated on the navigable river
Usk;
Kaer Lheion call'd by the Britains Kaer Lheion and Kaer and beautified with meadows and woods. Here, the
ar W>sk. Lheion ar wysk (which fignifies the City of the Roman Embaffadors receivd their audience at the
Legion on the river Usk) from the Legio Secunda illuftrious Court
of the great King Arthur. And
Augufla, which was call'd alfo Brhannica fecunda. here alfo Archbifjop Dubricius refignd that honour
This Legion,^ inftituted by Auguftus, and tran- to David of Menevia, by tran/lating the Archi-
flated out of Germany into Britain bv Clau- e pi/cop al See from this City thither.
dius under the conduct of Vefpafian (to whom, Thus far Giraldus. But in confirmation of
upon his afpiring to the Empire, it prov'd very the antiquity of this place, I have taken care
ferviceable, and did alfo fecure him the Bri- to add fome ancient Infcriptions lately dug-up
J f + So faid,
tiffi Legions,) was plac d here at length by there; and communicated to me by the ri^ht ann. 1607.
Julius Frontinus (as feems probable) in garrifon reverend Father in God Francis Godwin, Lord
againii the Silures. How
great a City this Bifhop of Landafti a great Lover of Antiquity,
Ifca was at that time, our Giraldus informs us, and all other valuable parts of Learning. In
in his Itinerary of Wales. very ancient City A the year 1602. fome labourers digging in a
this was (faith he) and enjofd honourable privi- meadow adjoyning, found on a checquer'd
leges ; and was elegantly built by the Romans with pavement, a ftatue of a perfon in a fhort-trufs'd
* The circuit* brick -walls. 'There are yet remaining many j'oot- habit, with a Quiver and Arrows
; the head,
of the walls
of its ancient fplendour : Stately Palaces, which hands, and feet broken off: and alfo the frag-
fi ep s
rCC
' formeY b w&A ftfen* gilded Tiles emulated the Roman ment of an Altar with this Infcription in
miles. fair
+ Ann. i6^.& rM ^eur y for that it was firft built by the Roman large characters about three inches long erect- :

hot baths nobility, and adorn d with jumptuous edifices : Alfo, ed by Haterianus Lieutenant-General of Augu-
weredifco- an exceeding high
ver d near
tower, remarkable hot i
'
Baths,' flus, and Propmor of the Province of Cilkia.
St. Julian's ;

the bricks
ecjuilate rally
fquare, about
an inch thick,
like thofc at
Thefe Infcri-
St. Alban's.
ptions are in
Mr. Aubrey.
the wall of
the Garden
it Moinfeourt,

the houfc of

riLlVS.QJ the Bifhop of

Lawtaff.

HATERIANV:
LEG.AVGPR.PR.
PROVINCCILIC

The next year, this Infcription was alfo dif- Diana and that Tims Fla-uhu Poflhumiui Varm,
;
cover'd hard by ; which (hews the Statue
be- a Veteran perhaps of the fifth Cohort of
tore-mention'd to have been of the Goddefs fecond the
Legion, had repair'd her Temple.
T. Ft,

H
 7 l
9 SJLURES. 720
T. FL. POSTVMIVS VARVS PRO SALVTE In printed
Copies
V. C. LEG. TEMPL. DIAN.E AVGG. N. N. Clauiius
RESTITVIT. SEVERI ET ANTONI- ?ompeianusf
NI ET GETjE CJES. and LoUianui
Alfo out of which the name
this votive Altar, P. SALT1ENVS P. F. j MAE- Avitus CofT.
An.Chr 210.
* See Phil.
Tranf.
of theEmperor * Geta feems to have been ra- CIA THALAMVS HADRI. + He was of
numb. 145.
fed,when he was depos'd by his brother An- PR.EF. LEG. II. AVG. tins Family.
toninus Baffianus, and declar'd an enemy ; yet C. VAMPEIANO ET
fo as there are fome lhadows of the Letters LVCILIAN.
ftill remaining.

And this fragment of a very fair Altar ; the Infcription whereof may perhaps be thus fupply'd.

**k IMff.
M iWFELIO
ANT OfNINO
AVCl
SEVERISVCIL
FILIOl
LECJIWG.P
Jio

^ , as

Together with thefe two fragments. In the year 1654. fome workmen difcover'd
at St. Julian's near Kaer Lbeian, a Roman AI-g ti T '
u n an 3.
* Ontario. *7. VECILIANA. tar, the Infcription whereof was foon after co-
py'd by a learned and ingenious * perfon, a*
J, Aubrey.
Twhieh, not long fince, was in the wall of the true lover and promoter of real knowledge,
School at Kaer Lheim but is now rafed and of equal induftry and curioiity. The Al-
,*

out.! tar, he fays, was of Free-ftone, four foot

VI 11. in length, and three in breadth : the Infcri-
7. VA L E R. ption he was pleas 'd to communicate out of
M A X
S I M
I. hjs excellent Collection of British Monuments, to
be publifh'd on this occafion.
f which is in the Garden-wall at Moin's Court;

Vid. Reiner, but the foil line C VII » n 'l the charafter
P'977- [7] are not vifible. I
 i

£fi MONM OUT HS H Tre. 722

IOVIOM •
DOLIW JOVI Opti-
mo Maximo
AEMILTANVS" DOLI-
CHero,
JunONI
-FVRMVS Optuma:
AKMILIA.
NVS CAL-
fnjanvs, PVRN1VS
RVFILIA-
NVS lECic
fjin potius
LEGionis

MONITV Il.JAVGV-
STORVM
MONITV.

It Teems worth the enquiry of

jjg.
DoU.»p on
cW;
wh fi _J
is
y

for that I take to be the

^e art*
the curious
hm
At
Itant trom Kaer-leion,
Tre-Dyno-Churcb, about three
is preferv'd this fair and Trcdonok -
miles di-Infcription 1(

meaning of entire Monument of

this word Dolhhv. a Roman Soldier of the
It feems probable that Second Legion.
this Altar was erefled,
to implore his Tuition
The Stone is a kind of blue
llate : the four oblique lines are
of iome Iron Mines, fo many
either in the Foreil of
Grooves or CaudieuU ; and the
Uean, or fome other place of this fmall fquares
Country without the lines are holes
1 he grounds of which conjedure are bored through the
Rein. Syn taken ltone by which it was faften'd with
trom this Infcnption in ;
Iron-
tJgma In- Reinelius Jovi op- pins to the Ground-wall
:

fcript' „,„,„ maxima Doljcbem,, ubi jermm

timo of the Church on
mlatur C the outfide; and.
CL.J n.XV .iempromus ReHm, cent. Frummtarim was difcover'd by the Sex-
D.D. For ton about forty years
UHlefs Cains Sempronius, lince, at the digging
who dedicates this of a Grave
Altar Jni Confidering that this was the
Dalicheim, makes his requeft to 7a-
Monument of a
t'ter that he would either dired them Heathen, and muff be about
to hnd fourteen or fifteen hundred
out Iron Mines, or be propitious years Handing it :
to fome feems firange it fhould be
they had already difcover'd, repofited in this
why ihould he places and thus faften'd to the Foundation
add the words ubi jirrum nafcitur > of
which were the Church unlefs we fuppofe it laid
not only fuperfluous, but abfurd, i
there
if they im- by fome pious Chriftian in after-ages,
ply d no more than barely that out of
Iron-ore was a miftaken refped to the
found at Dolkbe, a Town of
Macedonia, whence
name Julianus,or
rather that the Church
Jupiter was call'd DalichenUs. was built on fome
Aaguflorum monitu old Roman burial-place. But however that
is a Phrafe we find
parallel inftances of, in
happen d, that it was there
Keinefms, p. 42. where he tells found is moil
us, that the certain and teflify'd by a worthy
Pagans would be thought Gentle-
to do all things man ot
at the command of their the neighbourhood, who
Gods, ex monitu Dei at the was prefent
•mpeno Durum Dearumaue, ex difcovery f it, and took care to
juffu Numinis.
pre-
v
ferve it.

yyy Very

1
 :

723 SI LURES. 724

Diis Mani-
las WLius
TVUANVS
MILesLE-
Gionis Ud.r;
AVGulU
STlFendio-
ram ortode-
cim.ANNO-
DM^IVMVLIANVS*
llum yuadra-
gima, HIC
MTVSEST:
MIELEG^F-A^STIP*
CVRA
AGENTE
AMANDA
XVUK\NNOR<XL' <
CONJVGE.
HIOSITVS*ESTX
Rein. Infer.
CVRAAGENTE'<
p. 5+3.
Cura agentu
bus, Semp.
.
AMANDA*
J'udente,
Mil. frtrm.
Curio Eupla.
& CONIVGE
MiniftroSpec.

Wry was difcovcr'd, in plowing,

lately alfo near Kaer-Leion, on the bank of the m'ef,
a Stone with the following Infcription

D M
G-VALimS^T
GALERIA' VICTOR

At the farhe Kasr Leien, they frequently ( The Letters on thefe Bricks are not infaribi
tip Roman Bricks with this Infcription. (as on Stone ) but flamf'd "with fome Inftru-
rr.ent; there being a fquare cavity
or impreffion
LEG. II. AVG. in the midft of the Brick, at the bottom where-
of the Letters are mud, and not infmlf'i. One
of
72 5 MONMOUTHSHIRE. 726
ot" thefe Bricks may be feen (together with earthen Plates often difcover'd in feveral parts
the firfl or" the foregoing Infcriptions) in the of England ; but others are adom'd with ele-
Garden-wail at Morn/conn (the feat ot* the wor- gant figures ; which, were they preferv'd, might
fhiptul Thmtdd Lyfier Efq;) and fome others at be made ufe of for the illuftrarion of Roman
Kaer Leim. Authors, as well as their Coyns, Statues, Al-
In the year 1692. a chequer'd pavement tars, &c. That, of which I hive given a figure,
was difcover'd ill the grounds of Henry Tom- reprefeuts to us, firfl;, as an emblem of Piety,
kins of Kaer Lcion, Efquire. It was found the celebrated Hiffory of the woman at Rome,
by workmen who were plowing in a field clofe who being deny'd the liberty of relieving her
adjoyning to his houfc. And here We may ob- father in prifon with any food, yet obtaining
serve, that thefe ancient Pavements are not bu- free accefs to him, fed him with the milk of
ried fo deep in this County, as that in the her own breafts. I am feniible, that in * Pliny* Hift. nat,
Church-yard at fflbo'icbefter in Glocefterfliire. and in mod printed copies ot fuch Authors as". 7- c -3 6 -

For whereas that lies at about three foot deep, mention this Hiffccry, we are inform'd fhe ex-
this at Kaer Leion (as alfo fome others formerly crcis'd this piety to her mother but this fi- :

difcover'd,) lay no deeper than the plow-fhare ; gure (though it be fomewhat obfeure) feems to
and that above-mentioned at Kaer-usent, not much reprefent a bearded man however, whether I
:

lower. The fa id worthy perfon took all pofli-
ble care, to prefervc what the fervants had not
fpoil'd of this valuable Antiquity ; by remo-
ving a confiderable part or the floor in the fame
order it was found, into his garden $ and was
mi (take the figure, or whether we may read
with Feftm, Patre (not matrc) careen imhijo, or
rather, do fuppofe the tradition to have been
erroneous (in forhe Provinces at leafl) amongft
the vulgar Romans that the fame Hiflory
;

pleas'd to communicate a draught of the whole was hereby intended, is fuflicicntly evident. In
* See at die t0 be * publifh'd upon this occafion, The the fecond place, we find an Aufpex or Sooth-
end of [fa/
"' diameter of k is about fourteen foot. All the fayer looking upwards to obferve the motion
arches, and that part of the border they touch, of a bird ; or rather perhaps a Cupid (accor-
Were compofed ot white, red, and blue Stones, ding to the Potter's fancy ) performing the
varied alternately. The bills, eyes, and feet office of a Soothfayer. And in the third, a
of the birds were red, and they had alfo a woman facrificing with Vervain and Frankin-
red ring about the neck ; and in their wings, cenfe ; for I am fatisfied, that the plant on the

one or two of the longeft feathers red, and a- altar is no other than Vervein ; and it
nother blue. The infide of the cups were alfo feems very probable, that the Woman who
red ; and elfewhere, whatever we have not ex- reaches her hand towards the Altar, is calling
cepted of this whole area, is variegated of um- Frankincenfe on the Vervein, fince we find that
ber or dark-colour'd Stones and white. Women, a little before their time of lying-in,
About fixty years fince, fome Labourers dig- facrificed to Lucina with Vervein and Fran-
ging in a Quarry betwixt Kaer Leion Bridge kincenfe. Thus the Harlot Pbronejtum in
and Chrifl-churcb (near a place call'd Forth Sim (a) Plautus, pretending {he was to lie-in, bids
KrUn) difcover'd a large Coffin of free-flone ; maids provide her Sweet-meats, Oyl of Cin-
which being open'd, they found therein a leaden namon, Myrrke, and Vervein.
fheet, wrap'd about an iron frame, curiouily We may alfo collect out of Virgil f, that* Eclog.S.
wrought ; and in that frame a Skeleton. Near Women facrifie'd with Vervein and Frankincenfe vcu 6 *'
the Coffin they found alfo a gilded Alabafter upon other occafions.
Statue of a perfon in a coat of mail ; holding
in the right-hand a fhort fword, and in the Effer aquam & molli cinge hac altavia
left a pair of fcales. In the right fcale appear'd vitta :
a young maiden's head and breads ; and in the Verbenajque adole pingues & mafcula
left (which was out-weigh'd by the former) a tbura,
globe. This account ot the Coffin and Statue Conjugis ut magids fanos avertere facris
I receiv'd trom the worfhipful Captain Mat- Experiar fenjm, - —
thicu Bird, whofaw both himfelf; and, for the
further fatisfacfion of the curious, was pleas'd Bring running Water ; bind thofe Altars
7
to prefent the Statue to the Afhmolean Repol round
tory at Oxford. The feet and right-arm have With Fillets ; and with Vervain flrow the
been broken fome years fince, as alfo the fcales Ground,
but in other refpects, it is tolerably well
all Make fat with Frankincenfe the facred
preferv'd ; and fome of the gilding frill remains Fires ;

in the interftices of the armour. We have given a To reinflame my Daphnis with de-
figure of it, amongfl fome other Curiofities re- fires.

lating to Antiquity, at the end of thefe Coun-

ties of Wales : but mull leave the explication As for the naked perfon on the other fide of
to fome more experiene'd and judicious Anti- the Altar, I fhall not pretend to determine
quary tor though at firfl view it might feem whether it be her husband, or who elfe is in-
;

to be the Goddels Aftrtca, yet I cannot fatisfie tended by it. In regard we find the other fi-
my felf as to the device of the Globe and gures repeated alternately ; I fuppofe there were
Woman in the fcales ; and am unwilling to no other delineations on the whole veffel, than
trouble the Reader with too many conje- what this piece, included within the crack
ctures. (which is all I have of it) reprefents. By the
Amongft other Roman Antiquities frequent- figures on this veffel, we might conjecture that
ly dug-up here, we may take notice of the it was a bowl ufed in thofe Feafts which they
curious earthen Veflels of which fome are call'd Matronalia, and obferv'd on the Kalends
;

plain, and the fame with thofe red Patella of March j when the married women facrificed

{a) Date mihi hue ftaciam atque ignem in aram, ut veaerem Lucinam mtam :

His appenit: atque abite ab otulu,

Ubi es, jfftapbium? fer hue verbenam mihi, thus Plautus, Tracul. Aft. 2. 3c. 5.

I
 727 S I LURES. 728
to Jmw,for their happy delivery in child-births ble town, w'hich once was of fo great extent
and tor the prefervation of their husbands, and on each fide the river, that they affirm St. Gi-
the continuance of their mutual affections. And lian s (*the houfe of the honourable Sir WiUiam* Ann. 1607.
from its form, I fhould guels it was that fort Herbert-, a perfon no lefs eminent for wit and
of Veflel they call'd Phiala becaufe in WeJih
: judgment, than noble extraction) to have be^n
the only name we have forfuch Veflels is Phiol; part of the city; and in that place the Church
which is doubtlefs of the fame origin with the of Julius the Martyr is faid to have flood;
Greek and Latin Phiala, and is very probably which now about a mile out of the town.
is

one of thofe many words left; amongft us by Fromthe ruins alfo of this City, Newport Newport;
the Romans, which we may prefume to be ftill had its beginning, which is feated a little lower,
preferv'd in the fenfe they us'd them. at the mouth of the river Usk. By Giraldus
I fliall only mention two other Curiofities it is call'd Novas Burgus. It is a town of later
found here, and detain the Reader no longer date ; but of considerable note for a Cattle and
in this County : the firft is, a Rams horn of a convenient harbour where was formerly:

brafs, much of the bignefs and form of a leffer fome Military way, mentioned by Necham in

Ram's horn broken off at the root, as if

;
thefe verfes :

had been formerly united to a brafs head.

One of thefe heads and horns (though fome- Intrat, & auget aquas Sabrini fluminis Ofca
* Pag. S3, what different from ours) may be (ttn in * Lo- Praceps ; tefiis eritJulia Strata mihi.
dovico Mofcardo's Mufxum j who fuppofes fuch Increased with Usk does Severn rife,
heads of Rams and Oxen to have ferv'd As Julia Strata teftifies.
01.ee both for ornaments in their Temples,
and alfo for religious types of facrifice. That this Julia Strata was a way, we have no
The other is a very elegant and an entire reafon to queftion and if we may be free to :

Fibula vefiiaria, of which (becaufe it would be conjecture, it feems not abfurd to fuppofe it
difficult to give an intelligible defcription of took its name from Julius Frontiuus who con-
•f See at the it)
| I have given two figures, one being not quer'd the Siluyes. Nut far from this Newburgh
end of^;«. .
fufficicn( t0 exprc fs i t It is f brafs, and is (faith Giraldus) there glides a fmall fir earn call'd
.

curioufly chequer'd on 'the back part, with Nant Penkarn, unpaj)'able but at fome certain fords,
enamel of red and blue. It fhould feem, that not fo much for the depth of its "water, at the hol-
when they us'd it, the ring at the upper end loivnef of the chanel, and deepnefs of the mud. It
was drawn down over the acus or pin ; and that had formerly a ford catfd Rhyd Penkarn, i. e.
a thread or fmaii firing ty'd thro' the ring, and a ford under the head of the rock, which has been
about the notches at bottom, fecur'd the acus now of a long time difcontinud. Henry the fecond
in its proper place. Such a Fibula in all re- King of England having by chance pafs'd this
fpefts,but that it is fomewhat lefs, was found ford the Welfh (who rely too much upon old
;

Anno itfpi, near King's Cotte in Gloce-
fterfhire. They that would be farther fatisfy'd
of the various forms and matter of thefe Ro-
man Fibula, and the feveral ufes they were
apply'd to, mayconfult, amongft other Authors;
the learned and ingenious Joannes Rhodius de
Acta, and Smetiuss Affliquitates NeomagenfesSi
Here alfo, at this Kaer-Lheion, about the
time of the Saxon Couqueft, was an Academy
of two hundred Philofophers, -who being skill'd in
Aflronomy and other Sciences, obferv'd the courfes oj
the Stars, aswe are iuform'd by Alexander El~
a very fcarce Author ; out of whom
febienfis,
prophecies) were prefently difcourag'd, and
reckon 'd their Cafe defperate; becaufe their
Oracle Merlinus Syhefier had foretold, that
whenever a flrong Prince with a freckled face
(fuch King Henry was) iliould pafs that ford,
the Britifh Forces fhould be vanquifh'd.
During the Saxon Heptarchy, this County
was fubjecf to the Mountain-Welfh, call'd by
them Dunf eccan ; who, notwithstanding, were Vun-fettaa;
under the government of the Weft-Saxons, as
appears by the ancient Laws. At the nrft co-
ming-in of the Normans, the Lords Marchers
_;rievouily plagu'd and annoy'd them efpecially :

much has been tranferib'd for my ufe by the
Tho. James, learned Thomas James of Oxford *, who may
•Ann. 1607. defervedly be ftil'd tiAo'dCA©-, as one who is
wholly intent upon Books and Learning; and
f Ann. 1607. is f at prefent (God profper his
endeavours)
out of a deiire of promoting the publick good,
the above-mention'd Hamelin Balun, Hugh Lacy,
Walter and Gilbert de Clare and Brim of Walling-
ford. To whom the Kings having granted all
they could acquire in thele parts, fome of them
redue'd by degrees the upper part of this Coun-
ty, which they call'd Over-Went, and others the

employ'd in fearching the Libraries of England, low-lands, call'd Nether-Went.

on a defign that is like to be of fingular ufe to rin the nrft year of King Charles the h*rft,Earh and
the Commonwealth of Learning. Robert Lord Carey was created Earl of Man- Duke of
Monmouth '
In the time of King Henry the fecond, when mouth, and was fucceeded by Henry of the fame
Giraldus wrote, this City feems to have been name who dying without iflue-male, James
:

a place of considerable ftrength. For we find, Fitz,-Roy, among other honours, was created
that Trwith ["(or rather, perhaps, Jorwerthf] of Duke of Monmouth, 1 5 Car. 2. And in the
Kaer Lheion, a courageous Britain, defended it firft year cf King William and Queen Mary,
a long time againft the Englifh ; till at laft, Charles, fon of John Earl of Peterborough (by
being over-power'd by the King, he was dif- Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Carey fecond fon
ponefs'd of it. But now (a fair inftance that to Robert Earl of Monmouth) was created Earl
Cities as well as Men have their changes and of Monmouth ; who at prefent enjoys that title,
viciflitudes) that is become a fmall inconfidera- together with his other of Earl oi Peterborough^]

Parifb-Churches in this County, 127.

GLA-
 ;

729 73°

GLAMORGANSHIRE.
HE farthcft County of the Pain "Turbcrvil.

Siluresfeems to be that which Oliver St. John.

we call Glamorganshire, and the Robert de St. Quintin.
Britains Morgamvg , Gixtad Roger Bekeronl.
Morgan, and Gwlad Fbrganzvg, William Eaflerling (fo called, for that he was
which Signifies the County of defcended from Germany) whofe Pofterity
Mmamaz. Ic was fo call'd were call'd Stradlings.
(as moll imagin) from Morgan a Prince ; or (as Gilbert Humfranvil.
others {uppole) from an Abbey or that name. Richard Siward.
But it" I fhould deduce it from the Britifh Mar, John Flemming.
which fignifies the Sea, I know not whether I Peter Soore.
fhould deviate from the Truth. However, I Reginald Sully.

have obfcrv'd that Maritime Town of Armori-

ca, which we now call Morlais, to have been
call'd by Ptolemy and the ancient Gauls Vorga-
nium, or Morganium (for the Confonants
and Vare often countercbangcd in this lan-
guage :) and whence fhall we i uppofe it fo deno-
minated, but from the Sea ? And this our Mor-
ganzug alfo is altogether Maritime ; being a long
narrow Country, wholly waflied on the South-
tide by the Severn-Sea. As for the inner part
The river Rhymny, coming down from the
Mountains, makes the Eaftern limit of this
M County, whereby it is divided from Monmouth-
fhire ; and in the Britifh, * Remny fignifies to *
Rh an ™;
divide. In a Moorifh bottom, not far from
this river, where it runs through places fcarcc
paifable,_ among
the hills, are Icen the ruinous
Walls ofCaer-phily-OLpde, which has been ofCaerphlry-
that magnitude, and fuch an admirable caLlIe
vail: '

of it, it is border'd on the Eaft with Monmouth- molt affirm it to have been a
ftrucfure, that
(hire, on the North with Brecknockjbrre-, and on Roman Garrifon nor fhall I deny it, though
;

the Wed: with Kaermardhinfbire. I cannot yet difcover by what name they called
On the North, it is very rugged with Moun- it. However, it fhould feem to have been re-
tains, which, as they come nearer the South, edified; in regard it has a Chapel built after
are by degrees more fit for Tillage ; at the the ChriiKan manner, as I was informed by
bottom whereof we have a fpacious Vale or the learned and judicious Mr. J. Sanford, who
Plain open to the South-Sun ; a fituation which took an accurate furvey of it. It was once
Cato prefer'd to all others, and for which Pliny tiie poileflion of the Clares Earls of Glocefler
doth fo much commend Italy. For this part but we. find no mention of it in our Annals,
of the Country is exceeding pleafant, both in till the reign of Edward the fecond. For at
regard of the fertility of the Soil, and the num- that time, the Spenfers having by under-hand
ber of Towns and Villages. practices let the King and Queen and the Ba-
The Con- In the reign of William Rufus, Jeffin ap rons at variance, we read that Hugolin Spenfer
quell of Gvirgant Lord of this Country, having revolted was a long time befieged in this Caftle, but
Glamor-
gan ih ire.
from his natural Prince Rhys ap L'ewdw^, and be- without fuccefs. fit is probably the nobleft
too weak to maintain his Rebellion, did ruin of ancient Architecture now remain-
very unadvifedly, which he too late repented, ing in Britain. For in the judgment of fome
call to his affiftance (by the mediation of Enion curious perfons, who have feen and compared it
ap Kadlvor a Nobleman, who had married his with the molt noted Caftles 'of England, it ex-
Robert Fitz- daughter) Robert Fitz.-Haimon a Norman, fon ceeds all in bignefs, except that of Windfor.
Haimon. of Haimon Dentatm Earl of Corboil. Who forth- Thar place which Mr. Sanford call'd a Chapel,
with levied an Army of choice Soldiers, and was probably the fame with that which the
12 Knights, taking to his affiftance twelve Knights as Ad- neighbouring Inhabitants call the Hall. It is
venturers in this Enterprize, firft gave Rhys a ftately room about feventy foot in length,
battle, and -flew him ; and afterwards being thirty tour in breadth, and feventeen in height.
allur'd with the fertility of the Country, which On the fouth-hde we afcend to it by a direct
he had before conceiv'd fure hopes to be Lord Stair-cafe, about eight foot wide ; the roof
of, turning his Forces againft Je/lin himfelf,for whereof is vaulted and fupported with twenty
that he had not kept his Articles with Enion, arches, which are ftill gradually higher as you
he foon deprived him of the Inheritance of his afcend. The entry out of this Stair-cafe, is
Anceftors, and divided the Country amongft not into the middle, but fomewhat nearer to
his Partners. The barren Mountains he grant- the Weft-end of the room ; and oppofite to it
ed to Enion ; but the fertile Plains he divided on the North-fide, there is a Chimney about
amongff. thefe twelve Aflociates ( whom he ten foot wide. On the fame fide there are
called Peers) and himfelf ; on this condition, four ftately windows ( if fo we may fuppofe
that they fhould hold their Land in Fee and Vajja- them) two on each fide the chimney, of the
lage oj him at their chief Lord, to affifl each other tafhion of Church-windows, but that they
in common ; and that each of them /Jjould defend his sre continued down to the very floor, and reach
Caerdiffe. ftation in hs Cajlle vj Caerdifte, and attend him in up higher, than the height of this room is fup-
c
Ins Court for the admimftration oj juftice. It may pofed to have been ; (o that the room above
not perhaps be foreign to our purpofe, if we this Chapel, or Hall, had fome part of the be-
add their names oat of a Book written on this nefit of them. The fides of thefe windows are
fubjecf, either by Sir Edward Stradling, or Sir adorn'd with certain three-leav'd knobs or
Edzuard Maunfel (for it is afcribed to both of husks, having a fruit or fmall round ball in
them) both being very Well skill'd in Genea- the midft. On the walls, on each fide the
logy and Antiquities. room, are feven triangular pillars, like the fhafts
William of London, or de Londres. of Candlefticks, placed at equal difomce. From
Richard Granvil. the floor to the bottom of thefe pillars, may
Zzzz De
 ; ;

_T^W^'

731 SI LURES. Ill

be about twelve foot and a half ; and their pieces of the middle age, and fhews on theob-
height or length feem'd above four foot. Each verfe, a Prince crown'd, in a {landing pofture,
of thefe pillars is fupported with three Bulls, holding a Scepter in his right hand, with this
or heads and breaftsj which vary alternately. Infcription 'XTWfJCDx X^d! 4**
For whereas the firfl (for inftance) is fupported Maria,8cc. and on the Reverfe a Crofs ftoree with
with the head and breaft of an ancient bearded
man and two young faces on each fide, alt with
thefe Letters, + ^ + + 7£ + + V+ + £L +
Ave.
difherel'd hair ; the next thews the face and Taking it for granted that this place was of
breads of a woman with two lefler faces alfo Roman foundation, I ftiould be apt to conje-
on each fide, the middlemofl or biggeft having cture (but that BVLL^EVM hath been hither-
a cloth tied under the chin and about the to placed in another County) that what we now
forehead ; the leffer two having alfo fore- call Kaer-phyli, was the BuBaum Silurum of the
head-cloths , but none under the chin, all Romans. And if there was no other ground
with braided locks. The ufe of thefe pil- to place it at Bualht in Erecknockfhire, but the
lars feems to have been, for fupporting the affinity of the names, and the fituation in the
beams ; but there are alfo on the fouth-fide Country of the Silures ; we alfo may urge, that
fix Grooves or chanels in the wall at e- the name of Caer-phyli comes as near Caftrum
qual diftance, which are about nine inches Bulla:i, as Bualht. For they who underftand
wide, and eight or nine foot high four where- : the Britifil tongue, will that
readily allow,
of are continued from the tops of the pillars ; Bullaum could not well be othcrwife expreffed
but the two middlemofl are about the middle in that language, than Kaer Vv&U Kaer Vul
fpace between the pillars, and come down (which mull be pronounced Kaer-Vyl) or, like
lower than the relt, having neat flones jutting fome other names of places, from the genitive
out at the bottom, as it intended to fupport cafe, Kaer-Vyli. That this place was alfo in
fomething placed in the hollow Grooves. On the Country of the Silures, is not controverted :

the north-iide, near the eaft-end, there is a and farther, that it has been a Roman gar-
door about eight foot high ; which leads into rifon, is fo likely, from the {lately ruins £1111
a fpacious Green abeut leventy yards long and remaining, that moft perfons of Curiofity who
forty broad. At the eafl-end there are two have feen it, take it for granted. Whereas I
low-arch'd doors, within a yard of each other; cannot learn that any thing was ever difco-
and there was a third near the fouth-fide, but ver'd at Bualht, that might argue it to have
much larger ; and another oppolite to that on been inhabited by the Romans much lefs a ;

the weft-end. The reafon why I have been place of note in their time, as Buligum Silurum
thus particular, is, that fuch as have been cu- mufl needs have been.
rious in obferving ancient buildings, might On a Mountain call'd Kevn Gelhi Gaer, not R evn Gelhi
the better difcern whether this room was once far from this Kaer-Phyli, in the way to March- Gacr.
a Chapel or Hall, &c. and alfo in fome mea- nad y ivayn I obferv'd (as it feem'd to me)
;

fure judge of the Antiquity of the place; which, a remarkable Monument, which may perhaps
as far as I could hitherto be informed, is beyond deferve the notice of the curious. It is well
the reach of Hiflory. known by the name of Tmaen hir, and is a y maen hir
That this Caflle was originally built by the rude flone piUnr of a kind of quadrangular near Gelhi
Romans, feems indeed highly probable, when form, about eight foot high with this Inicrip- Gacr ;
*

we conlider its largenefs and magnificence. tion to be read downwards.

Though at the fame time we mull acknow-
ledge, that we have no other reafon to con-
clude it Roman, but the ftatelinefs of its flru-
clure. For whereas mod or all Roman Cities
and Forts o( note, afford (in the revolution at
lealt ot fifty or fixty years) either Roman In-
(criptions, Statues, Bricks, Coyns, Arms, or
other Uteniils; I could not find, upon diligent
enquiry, that any of their Monuments were It /lands not ereft, but fomewhat inclining
ever difcover'd here. I have indeed two Coyns whether cafually, or that it was fo intended,
found at this Caflle ; one of filver, which I re- is uncertain. Clofe at the bottom of it, on
ceiv'd, amongft many greater favours, from the that fide it inclines on, there is a fmall bank
right worlhipful Sir John Aubrey of Lhan or intrenchment, inclofing a fpace of about fix
Trydhyd, Baronet ; and the other of brafs, yards j and in the midft thereof a fquare Area,
which I purchas'd at Kaer-phyli of the perfon both which may be better delineated than
that found it in the Caflle. Neither of thefe defcrib'd.
are either Roman, Saxon, Danifh, or Nor-
man. That of filver is as broad as a Sixpence,
but thinner, and exhibits on one fide the
image of our Saviour with this Infcription,
(SUORIK* TIBJK"' ^d on the
Reverfe, two Perfons with thefe Letters,
MVQ/V9TI R— " ON * * This
being compared with an account of a fairer
Coin in the celebrated Collection of Mr. Tho-
resby of Leeds, appears to have been a Venetian
piece. In that Coin, before the M, on the re-
verfe, is S for SanBui Marcus, whofe figure is
there, with a glory about the head then fol- ;

lows the particular Doge's name with DVX

befides the Banner, which is jointly fupported
by both. Upon the Reverfe of fome, are
GLORIA, and upon others, LAVS TIBI
SOLI. The brafs Coyn is like the French
 733 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 734-
I iuppofe, chat in the bed or Area in the noble family of Vifcount Barry in Ireland, had
midft, a perfon has been inter'd ; and that the
its name and original from thence.
In a mari-k remarkabl?
Inscription mult be read Tefroiti or Deffroiti ;
tint Rock of this Ifland, faith
Giraldus, there is a Cave.
which doubtlefs the fame with the Bririfh narrow chink or cleft, to which
is
if you put your ear,
proper name Dyvrod, expreifed othervife in La- you fhall perceive fuch a
tin Dubrotus and perhaps Vubritius.l
noife if Smiths were m
at work there. For fometimes you hear the blowing
Upon the river Rhymny alio (the/ the place of the bellows, at other times the
ftrokes of the ham-
is uncertain ) Ninnius informs us, that Faitftv.s mers
; alfo the grinding of tools, the hifftng noife
of
a pious godly fon of Vortigern a moil wicked fleel-gads, and /ire burning in
furnaces, &c. Thefe
father, erected a ftately Edifice. Where, with jounds, I flmdd Juppofe, might be occafion'd by the
other devout men, he daily pray'd to God, repercuffwn
of the Sea-waters into thefe chinks, but
that he would not puniih him for the fins of that they are continu'd
at low ebb when there u no
his father, who, committing moil abominable water at all, as well as
at the full tide. Nor was
Inceft, had begotten him on his own daughter; that place, which
Clemens Alexandrinus menti-
and that his father might at laft feriouily re- ons in the feventh Book of
his Stromata, un-
pent, and tile Country be freed from the Saxon like to this.
Hiftorians inform m, that in the Ifle
war. of Britain there is a certain Cave at the root of a
A
little lower, Ptolemy places the mouth of
Mountain, and at the top of it a Cleft. Now when
The mouth ofRhatoflabius, or Rhatofiibius, a maim\i word for the wind blows into the Cave, and is reverberated
RhatolUbius. the Britilh Traeth Tav, which fignifies
the fandy therein, they hear at the chink the found
of feveral
Frith oj the river Taf. For there the river Taf Cymbals ; fir the wind being driven back, makes
coming down from the Mountains, falls into much the greater
noife.
Landaffe. the Sea at Lan-daf, that is, the Church on the
TBut as to thc fubterraneous noifes above- The fubterra*
river Taf, a fmall place feated in a bottom, but raention'd,
whatfoever might be heard in thisj™^£/ c
dignified with a Bifhop's See (in the Diocefe Ifland in Giraldus's
time j it is certain (not-contradiaed;
whereof are one hundred fifty four Parifhes
) withfhnding many later writers have upon
and adorn'd with a Cathedral, confecrated to this authority taken
_ it for granted ) that at
Hilt. Lanua- St. Teiliau, Bifhop
thereof. This Church was prefent there are no fuch founds perceived
then erected by the two Gallick Bifhops Ger- here.
A
learned and ingenious Gentleman of
manics and Lupus, when they had fupprefs'd the this Country,
upon this occafion writes thus :
Pelagian Herefie which prevail'd fo much in / was my felf once upon the
Ifland, in company with
Britain and Dubricius, a moils devout man, fame inauifitive perfons
:
; and we fought over it
was by them firfl; prefer'd to the Biihoprick, where juch noife might be
heard. Upon failure, we
to whom Meurick a Britifll Prince granted all confulted the
neighbours, and I have fmce ask'd lite-
the Lands between the rivers Taf and Eli. rate and knowing
men who livd near the Ifland ; who
Caerdine. From hence Taf continues its courfe to Caer- all own d the tradition, but never
knew it made out
* Corruptly, diffe, in Britifh Kaer Dfdh * a neat Town in
' fail. Either then that old 'Ax^o, is vanifl/d,
confidm n S thc Country, and a commodious or the place is miftaken.
clTnre"'
' '
Haven ; fortified with Walls and a Caflle by I Jhall offer upon this occafion what I think may
the Conqueror Finc-Haimon, who made it both divert you. Ton know there
is in this chattel, a no-
the Seat of War, and a Court of Juftice. ted point of land, between the Nafh-point in this
Where, befides a Handing Army of choice Sol- County, and that of St. Govens in Pembroktjhire ;
diers, the twelve Knights or Peers were oblig'd, call'd in the Maps and Charts Wormfhead-point,
each oi them, to defend their feveral {rations
jor that it appears to the Sailers like a worm
Notwithftanding which, a few years after,
creeping, with its head erell. From the main land, it
one Ivor Rich, a Britain who dwelt in the
mile flretcbes a or better into thefea; and at half-flood,
Mountains, a man of
fmall fiature, but of re- the
Ifthmus which joyns it to the fljore is overflown ;
folute courage, march 'd hither with a band
of fo that it becomes then a fmall Toward the
Ifland.
Soldiers privately by night, and feiz'd the Ca-
head it felf, or that part which is fartheft out in
ftle, carrying^ away William
Earl of Glocefler, the Sea, there is a
fmall cleft or crevife in the ground,
Fitz-Haimon's grandfon by a daughter, toge-
into which if you throw a handful of dujl or find,
ther with his wife and fon, whom he detain'd
it will be blown up back again into the air. But if
priloners till he had receiv'd fatisfaftion for
you kneel or he down, and lay your ears to it, you
Rohert Curt- all injuries. Bur how Robert Curthife, eldeft then
hear diflinltly the deep noife of a prodigious
Norm^dv-'
l0n 0t Wi '
»«m
the Conqueror (a man in Mar-
large bellows. The reajon is obvious : for the reci-
tial Prowcfs but too adventurous and fool- procal
motim of the Sea, under the areb'd and rocky
hardy) was deprived by his younger brothers
hollow of this Headland, or Promontory, makes an
of all hopes of fucceffion to the Crown, and,
infpiration and expiration of the Air, through the cleft,
being bereft of both his eyes, lived in this
and that alternately ; and confequently the noife, as
Caftle till he became an old man ; may be feen
of a pair of bellows in motion. I have been twice
in our Engh'ih Hiftorians. Whereby we may there to obferve
it, and both times in the Summer-
alfo learn,That to be born of the Blood-
feafon, and in very calm weather. But I do believe
royal, does not enfure to us either Liberty
'
o: a ftormy fea would give not only the forementioned
Safety.
found, but all the variety of the other noifes afcrib'd
Scarce three miles from the mouth of
the to Barry ; efpecially if we a little indulge our fancy,
river Taf, in the very winding of the
fllore, as they that make fuch comparifons generally
do. The
there a e va y P lra fi"'t fame, I doubt not, happen* in other places upon the
S j
Hands, !.
divided
"''?,but
,

from each other, and alfo from [ea-jhore, wherever

a deep -coaler, and rocky concave,
the main Land, by a narrow Frith. The hi- with proper clefts for conveyance, do concur : in Si-
_
thermofl is called Sully, from a Town
oppolit. cily efpecially, inhere are moreover fire and ful-
Sally Co call'd to it ; to which Roben de Sully
(whofe flwre phur for the Bellows to work upon ; and chimneys in
mit WaS in the Bhiilon is chou ght to have
) given tlxfe Vulcano'j to carry But now
thc7llres° off the fmoak.
name ; though we may as well fuppofe he took that this Wormfhead
fluuld be the intended Ifle oj
his name from it. The fartheft is call'd Barry, Barry,
may feem very uncouth. Here 1 confider,
from St. Baruch who lies buried there ; and as' that Burry is the
mofl remarkable river ( next that
he gav name to the place, fo the place after- ./ Swanfy)
for trade, in all Gower ; and its
varus gave firname to its Proprietors. ForthadOilium is clofe by Wormfhead,V fo that whoever
fails
735
S I LURES. 736
fails to the Nortli-eaft of It is adorn'd with old
Wormihead, is faid to feven foot in height.
fail for the river of Burry. as may be feen on the
Wormihead again Britifh carving, iuch
is but a late name but ; that oj of crones, in feveral parts of Wales. It
Burry immemorial. pillars

Now be that had a mind

to be critical, might infer, at three feveral places, and thofe at equal
either that Worm (head xuas of old caWd the I/land diflance, encompafs'd with three circles. From
of Burry ; or, at kafi 3 "That before the name of the loweft three circles to the ground, it is in-
Worrnfhead was in being, the report concerning theje grail'd or indented j but elfewhere adorn'd with
tioifes might run thus that near Burry, or as you knots.
; The circumference of it at the three
fail into Burry, there an Ifland, where there is a higheft circles, is three foot and a half ; at the
is

cleft in the which if you lay your ear, middlemoll, above four foot ; and the loweft
ground, to

you'll hear fuch and fuch

noijes. And Barry, for is about five. It has on one fide, from the top
Burry, is a very eajie miftake, &C.1 (which feems to have been broken) to the bot-
Beyond thefe Elands the fhore is continued tom, a notable furrow or Canaliculus about four
dire&ly weftward, receiving only one river ; inches broad, and tw o in depth.
r
Which I
upon which little more within the land)
( a therefore noted particularly, becaufe upon pe-
Cowbridge. lies Cowbridge, call'dby the Britain's, from the rufal of a Letter from the very learned and inge-
Stone-bridge, y Bont vaen. It is a Market- nious Dr. James Garden of Aberdeen, to Mr.
town, and the fecond of thofe three which the J. Aubrey R. S. S. I found the Doftor
had ob-
Conqueror Fitzr-Hdimen refciVd forhimfelf. In ierv'd, that amongit their circular {lone-monu-
Bovium. regard Antoninus places the City Bovium (which ments in Scotland (fuch as that at Rolrich, &c:
is alfo corruptly call'd Bomium) in this trad, in England) fometimes a flone or two is found
and this diftarxj from Ifca, I flatter'd my
at with a cavity on the top of it, capable cf a pint
felf once with an Imagination that this mult or two of liquor ; and fuch a Groove or {mall
be Bovium. But feeing that at three miles di- chink as this I mention, continued downwards
stance from this Town we find Boverton, which from this bafon : fo that whatever liquor is
agrees exsclly with Bovium, I could not, with- pour'd on the top, mud run down this way.
out injury to truth, feek lor Bovium elfe- Whereupon hefuggefls, that fuppofing (as Mr.
where. Nor is it a new thing, that places Aubrey does) fuch circular Monuments to have
ihould receive their names from Oxen ; as we been Temples of the Druids, thofe flones might
find by the Thracian Bofphorus, the Bovianum ferve perhaps for their Libamina or liquid fa-
of the Samnites, and Bauli in Italy, fo called crifices. But although this flone agrees with
quafi Boalia, if we may credit Symmachus. But thofe mentioned by Dr. Garden, in having a
let this one argument ferve for all : Fifteen furrow or crany on one fide ; yet in regard of the
miles from Bovium, Antoninus, ufing alfo a carving, it differs much from fuch old Monu-
Latin name, hath placed Nidum, which our ments ; which are generally, if not always, ve-
Antiquaries have a long time fearch'd for ry plain and rude: fo that perhaps it never be-
and yet at the fame diflance we find long' d to fuch a circular Monument, but was
vain,
Neath. Neath Tin Britifh NedlA a Town of confidera- erected on fome other occafioii. The other flone An Infcri-
tlon
ble note, retaining flill its ancient name almofl is alfo elaborately carv'd, and was once theP
"

From Sir J.
entire. Moreover, we may obferve here, at (haft or Pedeflal of a Crofs. On the one fide
Lantinit or St. Iltuts, a village adjoyning, the it hath an Infcription, lhewing that one Sam*
Stradlmg.

foundations of many buildings ; and former- [on fet it up, pro omnia ejus ; and another on
ly it had feveral Streets. Tin the Church- the oppofite fide, fignifying alfo that Samfon
A Pyramidal yard at Lantwit major, or Lhan Ilhtud vawr, erected it to St. Iltutus or Ilhtyd but that ;

carv'd Stone. on t fe North-fide of the Church, there one Samuel was the Carver. Thefe Inscripti-
are two flones ere&ed, which feem to de- ons I thought worth the publifliing, that the
our notice.
ferve The firft is clofe by the curious might have fome light into the form
Church-wall, and is of a pyramidal form, about of our Letters in the middle ages,

Sam Ton
hanc crucem
pro anima
ejus.
pofuit
traw pROd
icru
von ~5is
Crux

Samfon
II tut i.

redis*

HS-nUff0
poruiT urvj-i
HdNC ck
ucew + Samuel Eg£-
far. Legen-

UEL dum
excifor.
forte

Not far from Boverton, almofl in the very of Mmilianus SXL& Marim, which are veryfearce.
little above this, the river Ogmor makes its Ogmor
A
St. creek or winding of the fhore, Hands St. Do-
Douat's R.I-

it falls from the Moun- ver.

na? s caflle, the habitation of the ancient and way into the Sea
:
cafile.
caflle, the feat for-
noble family of the Stradlings ; near which have tains, and runs by Koetieu
of the Ga-
Roman coins, been dug-up feveral ancient Roman coins, merly of the Tjirbervils, afterwards
efpeci'ally of the thirty Tyrants, and fome mages, and after that
(in right of his Lady) of
but
Sir
737 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 738
Sir Robert Sidney Vifcount L'lfle and alfo by ; Thus eager Love ftill boils the reftlefs
0£«/or-caftle, which dcvolv'd from the family ftream,
of the Londons, to the Dutchy of Lancafter. And thus the cruel Spring ftill fcorns the
Sandfoid's " There is a remarkable Spring within Virgin's flame.
<c
Well. a few miles of this place (as the learned
A Fountain M Sir
John Stradling told me by Letter) at a Polybius takes notice of fuch a Fountain at An ebbing
ebbing and u flo win £
place call'd Newton, a fmall village on thi Cadiz, and gives us this reafon for it viz,.i ^ .
flowing ;

trary to the
" weft fide of the river Ogmor, in a fandy plain That the Air being depriv'd of its ufual vent,c acUi!
Sea, <* about a hundred
paces from the Severn fhore. returns inwards ; by which means the veins
" The water of it is not the cleared, but pure of the Spring being ftop'd, the water is kept
" enough and fit tor ufe it never runs over : ; back : and fo, on the other hand, the water
" and fuch as would make ufe of it, mult go leaving the fhore, thofe Veins or natural Aque-
" down tome fteps. At full Sea, in Summer- ducts are freed from all obftruction ; fo that the
" time, you can fcarce take up any water in a water fprings plentifully.
" difh ; but immediately when it ebbs, you From hence, courting along the fhore, you
" may raife what quantity you pleafc. The come to Kynfyg, the Caftle heretofore of Fitz,-
" fame inconftancy remains alfo in the winter Haimon ; and Margan, once a Monastery, Margan.
;

" but is not fo apparent by rcafon of the ad-
" ventitious water, as well from frequent
" fhowers as fubterraneous parages. This, fe-
<f
veral of the Inhabitants, who were perfons
" of Credit, had afTur'd me of. However, be-
u ing fomewhat fufpicious of common fame, as
" finding it often erroneous, I lately
" or two journeys to this facred Spring for
" I had then fome thoughts of communicating
" this to you. Being come thither, and ftay-
" ing about the third parr of an hour (whilft
" the Severn flo-jfd, and none came to take up
*f
water) I obferv'd that it funk about three
" inches. Having left it, and returning not
" long after, I found the water rifen above a
rounded by WiUiam Earl of Glocefler, and now
the Seat of the noble family of the Maunfels,
Knights [and Baronets; of whom, Sir Thomas
Manfel was advanced by her Majelty Queen
Anne to the honour of Baron Manfel of this
place.] Not far from Margan, on the top of a
made one Hill call'd Mynydd Margan, is a Pillar of ex-
; ceeding hard ftone, erecled for a Sepulchral
Monument, of about four foot in height, and
one in breadth ; with an Infcription, which
whoever happens to read, the ignorant com-
mon people of that neighbourhood affirm that
he fhall die foon after. Let the Reader there-
fore take heed what he does ; for if he reads
it, it is certain cteath !

" foot. The diameter of the Well may be

" about fix foot. Concerning which my Mufe
et
dictates thefe few lines ;

Te Nova-Villa fremens, odiofo murmure

Nympha
Inclamat Sabrina : foloaue inimka propin-
qtto,

Evomit infeflat ruciu violenter arenas.

Damna pari fentit vicinia forte : fed ilia

Fontkulum caufata tuum. Qjtem virgo, le- Bodvocus

gends hie jacit, fi-

Lttus ad amplexus vocitat : latet ilk vo- lms Catotii,

Irni Prone-
catus
Antra, & lublatur contra. Namaue aftus
pvs, Eternal!
vedomau.i.e.
utrique efl. /Eternal! in
Conttnuo motu refluus, tamen ordine difpar. demo.
Nympha fiuit propius : Fons defiuit. Ilia
recedit.

IJie redit. Sic livor inefl & pugna pe-

rennis.

Thee, Newton, Severn's noify Nymph pur-

fues,
While unreftrain'd th' impetuous torrent
flows.
Her conqu'ring Surges wafte thy hated
Land,
And neighbouring fields are burden'd with Tin old Infcriptions, we often find the Let-
the Sand. ter V where we ufe O, as here, Pr&nepvs for
But all the fault is on thy fountain laid, Pronepos
* : fo that there was no neceffity of* Vide Rei-
Thy fountain courted by the amorous inventing this character (made ufe of in the " ef Syitag- -

*"
Maid. former editions) which, I prefume, is fuch, aS !£g, L^! 1
Him, as fhe paiTeth on, with eager noife was never found in any Infcription. In Rei- i

She calls, in vain file calls, to mutual nefius, Syntag. hfcriptionum p. 700, we find the
joys. Epitaph of one Boduacus, dug-up at Nimes in
He flies as faft, and fcorns the prorfer'd France. Whereupon he tells us, that the Ro-
love, man name Betulius was chang'd by the Gauls
(For both with tides, and both with diffe- into Boduacus. But it may feem equally proba-
rent move.) ble, if not more likely, fince we alfo find Bo~
The Nymph advanceth, (trait the Foun- dvoc here ; that it was a Gaulifh or Britifli name:
tains gone, and the name of the famous Queen of the Icent*
The Nymph retreats, and he returns as Boadicea, feems alfo to fhare in the fame origi-
foon. nal. Sepulchres are in old Infcriptions often
call'd Domus atema, but aternalis feems a barba-
5 A rous
 :

739 SI LURES. 740

rous word. The laft words I read JEtevnali BVS CAR A'N TOPI VS. i.e. The five fin-
in Domo, for in chat age Sepulchres were call'd gers of our friend or kinfman kiltd us. They iup-
\ R.einef. \ JEternales Domm ; or rather JEterm* aceord- pofe it to have been the Grave of Prince Morgan,
p. 716. ] n g to that Dyftich, whom the Country receiv'd its name; who
trom
they lay was kill'd eight hundred years before
DoBa Lyra grata, & the Birch of our Saviour
geftu formofa puella, but Antiquaries ;

Hk facetsterna Sabis humata dujno.know, that thefe letters are of much later date.
The Infcription is now in the fame place, Be'dh Mor-
I

The foregoing monument is to be feen at the and is call'd by the common people Bedh A7or-§ aii or " ^
fame place at this day, exactly according to gem Morganwg, viz. The Sepulchre of Prince Mor-^ iRVr ^'
this new delineation thereof (which is much : which (whatever gave occafion to it) is
more accurate than the draughts in former Edi- dotibtlefs an erroneous tradition ; it being no
tions,) and is well known in this part of the other than the tomb-ftone of one Pompetus Ca-
Country by the name of _y maen Lbytbyrog.1 rantorius, as plainly appears by the faid Copy
Betwixt Morgan and Kynfyg alio, by the of ic, which I tranferib'd from the ftone. As
way-fide, lies a ftone about four foot long, for the word Pvmpeius for Pompetus, we have
with this Infcription already obferv'd, that in old Infcriptions the; ,„.
tt jjl' r\ thiol, brit.
T
Letter
r
V
is frequently us d tor (J.
Vo] u
1

1? _ _

There is alfo another monument, which col. 2.

fcems more remarkable than either of thefe, at ManJo y
aplacecaH d Potmen Byrdhin, in the Parifh of ^&d 7* 7^
J

p\A4P£IVr
Kadolfton or Lhan Gadok, about fix miles above
CARANTORiVj Neath. It is well known in that part of the
County by the name of Maen dan Lygad yr ych,
and is fo call'd, from two fmall circular en-
trenchments, like cock-pits one of which had
:

lately in the midft of ic a rude ftone pillar,

Which the Welfli (as the Right Reverend the
about three foot in height, with this Infcri-
* This isnotBifhop of Landafj.viho fent me * the Copy of
the fame,but^ ption, to be read downwards.
informs me) bv adding and changing fome
more accu-
letterSj do thus ^d
an( interpret ;
j_PVMP.

MCARiTii/r/iSBER'GC>

which we read Marci (or rather perhaps me- and ill-proportioned (as arc alfo the face and
morta) Carttini filii Baricii. But what feem'd to hands) as fome Egyptian Hierdglyphick.
me moll remarkable, were the round Area ; Not far from hence, within the fame Parifh,
having never feen, nor been informed of fuch is Karn Lhecbart, a Monument that gives deno-Karn Lhe-
c
places of Burial elfewhere. So that on firft mination to the Mountain on which it is crect-
light, my conjecture was, that this had hap ed. It is a circle of rude ftones, which are
pen'd on occafion of a Duel, each party having fomewhat of a flat form, fuch as we call Lhe-
rirft prepar'd his place of interment and that : cbeu, diforderly pitch'd in the ground, of about
therefore there being no ftone in the center feventeen or eighteen yards diameter ; the high-
of the other circle, this Infcription muft have eft of which now Handing, is not above a yard
r

been the monument of the party flain. It has in height. It has but one entry into it, which
been lately removed a few paces out of the cir- is about four foot wide and in the Center of
:

cle, and is now pitch'd on end, at a gate in tht the Area, has fuch a Cell or Hut, as is feen
it

high-way- But that there never was more than in feveral places of Wales, and call'd Kifl vaen
one ftone here, Items highly probable from the one of which is defcrib'd in Brecknockfhire,
name Maen dau Lygad yr ych whereas had there
.- by the name of St. Iltyt's Cell. This at Kara
Lhecbart is about fix foot in length, and four
been more, this place, in all likelihood, had had
the name of Meineu Lhygaid yr. wide, and has no top-ftone now for a
foot
A Monument On amountain call'd Mynydh Gelbi Omen cover j but a very large one lies by, which
on Mynydh in the Parifh feems to have ilipt off. T Gift vaen on a Moun-
of Lhan Gyvelach, I obferv'd a
Gelbi Onnen, tain call'd Mynydby Drymmeu by Neath, feems
Monument which flood lately in the midft of
a fmall Kara or heap of ftones, but is now to have been alfo a Monument of this kind,
thrown down and broken in three or four but much lefs and to differ from it, in that:

the Circle about it was Mafon-work, as I was

pieces ; differing from all I have feen elfewhere.
It was a flat ftone, about three inches thick, form'd by a Gentleman who had often feen
it whilft ic ftood ; for at prefent there is no-
two foot broad at bottom, and about five in
height. The top of it is form'd as round as thing of it remaining. But thefe kinds of Mo-
a wheel, and thence to the bafis ft becomes numents, which fome afcribe to the Danes,
gradually broader. On one fide it is carv'd and others fuppofe to have been erected by the
with fome art, but much more labour. The "ritains before the Roman Conqueft, we fhall
round head is adorn'd with a kind of flourifh- have occafion to fpeak of more fully hereafter.
ing crofs, like a Garden-knot below that, there Another Monument there is, on a Mountain
: Arthur's
is a man's face and hands on each fide ; and call'd Kevn bryn, in Gower, which may chal- ifone in
Gower.
thence, almoft to the bottom, neat Fretwork lenge a place alfo among fuch unaccountable
;

beneath which there are two feet, but as rude Antiquities, as are beyond the reach of Hi-
ftorv .
 :

74i GLAMORGANSHIRE. 74.2

flory ; and of which the fame worthy pcrfon and his heirs fucceffively held it, till the time
that fent me his conjecf ure concerning the fub- of Edward the fecond. For at that time Wil-
temneous noife in itarj^-Illind, gives the fol- liam de Breos having fold it to feveral perfons :

lowing account that he might ingratiate himfelf with the King,

As to the ftones you mention, they are to be feen deluded all others, and put Hugh Spenfer in pol-
upon a jutting at the Northwefl o/Kcvn bryn, the feflion of it. And that, among others, was
mofl noted Hill in Gower. They are put together by the caufe why the Nobles became fo exafpera-
labour enough, but no great art, into a pile ; and ted againft the Spoilers, and fo unadvifedly
their fafhion and pofiture is this : There is a vafl quitted their Allegiance
to the King. It is
unwrought ftone {probably about twenty tun -weight) now divided into
Eafi and Weft Gowerland. Ill
fupported by fix or /even others that are not above Eaft-Gowerland, the moil noted town is
Swein- Eaft-Gower.
four foot high, andthefe are Jet in a Circle, fome fey, fo call'd by the Englilh from Porpoifes or Swsnfc >'-
on end, and Jome edge-wife, or fide-long, to bear the Sea-hogs, and by
the Britains Aber-Tawi (from
great one up. They are all of them of the Lapis the river Tawi, which runs by it;) which
molaris kind, which is the natural (lone of the Moun- was fortify'd by
Henry Earl of Warwick. But a
tain. The great one is much diminiftfdofwhat it more ancient place than this, is that upon the
has been in bulk, as having five tuns or more (by river Loghor, which Antoninus calls Leucarum, Loghor.
report) broke off it to make Mill-flones that I and^ is at this day (retaining its ancient name) Lcacarum.
; fo

guefs the ftone originally to

have been between twenty- call'd Loghor fin Britifh Kas-Lychwr.1 Where,
five and thirty tuns in weight. The carriage, rear- about the time of
King Henry the firfl's death,
ing, and placing of this maffy rock, is plainly an ef- Howel ap Mredydh
with a band of Mountallcers,
jeB of human indupry and an ; but the Pulleys and furpriz'd and (lew
feveral Englifhmeu of qua-
Levers, the force and skill by which it was done, lity.
Beneath this, lies Weft-Gower, which Weft-Gowsr.
are not fa eafily imagin'd. The common people call (the Sea making Creeks on each fide) is be-
it Kxlhxxes ftone ; by a lift of vulgar imagination come a Peninfula
; a place more noted for Com,
attributing to that Hero an extravagant and than
fix.e for Towns, and celebrated heretofore for
Strength. Under it is a Well, which (as the St. Kynedhav, who
led here a folitary life ; con-
neighbourhood tell me) has a flux and reflux with the
cerning w hom, fuch as delire a farther
r

account,
Sea ; of the truth whereof I cannot as yet fans you, may confult
fy our Capgrave, who has fufficiently
&c. There are divers Monuments of this kind extoll'd his Miracles.
in Wales, fome of which we fliall take notice
From the very firft conqueft of this Coun- Lords of GI»-
of in other Counties. In Anglefey (where there try, the Clares and Spenfers Earls of mor S a "'
Glocefter
are many of them) as alfo in fome other pla-
(who were lineally defcended from Fitz-Hai-
ces, they are call'd Krom-lecheu ; a name deriv'd
mon) were Lords of it. Afterwards, the Beau-
from Krwm, which fignifies crooked or inclining champs,
; and one or two of the Nevils ; and
and Ihech a flat ftone.- but of the name, more by a
daughter of Nevil (defended alfo from
hereafter. It is generally fuppos'd, they were
the Spenfers) it came to Richard the third King
places of burial ; but I have not yet learn'd of England;
and he being (lain, it devolv'd to
that ever any Bones or Urns were found by King
Henry the feventh, who granted it to his
digging under any of them.l uncle Gafper Duke of Bedford. He dying with-
From Margan the fliore runs north-eaft, by out ifliic, the King
rcfum'd it into his own
Aber-Avon, a fmall market-town at the mouth hands, and left
it to his fon Henry the eighth ;
of the river Avon (whence it takes its name,)
whofe foil Edward the fixth fold mofl part of
to Neath, a river infamous for Quick-fands it to William Herbert, whom he had created
;
upon which Hands an ancient town of the fame Earl of Pembroke,
and Baron of Caerdife.
name* in Antonine's Itinerary call'd Nidttm. Of the Oft-fpring of the twelve Knights
Which, when Fitz-Haimon fubdu'd this Coun- before-mention'd,
there remain now only in
try, fell in the divifion to Richard Granvil
; who this County the Stradlings, a family very emi-
having built a Monaftery under the Town, and
nent for their many noble Anceflors; with
confecrated his dividend to God and the Monks
the Turbirvils, and fome of the Flemmiugs, where-
return'd to a very plentiful eflate he had ir of
the chiefeft dwells at Flemmingftone, call'd
England. now corruptly from them Flemfton. But in Eng-
Lochor river. All the Country from Neath to the river Lo-
land there remain the Lord St. John of Bletjo,
Brit. Lllvch- chor, which is the weflern limit of this Coun- the Granvils in Devoninire, and the Siwards (as
ty, is call'd by us Gower, by the Britains
Gwyr, I am inform'd) in Somerfetfhire. The Iffue-
and by Ninnius Guhir : where (as he tells us) male of all the reft is long fince extinfi, and
the fons of Keian a Scot feated and distributed their Lands by daughters pafs'd over to other
themfelves, till they were driven out by Ky-
families.
ncdhav a Britifll Prince. In the reign of King I Edward Somerfet Lord Herbert of
Tlio. Wal- Chepftow, Earls of Gla-
Henry the firft, Henry Earl of Warwick fubdu'd Ragland and Gower, obtain'd of King Charles """i*"-
this Country of Gower ; which afterwards
by the firft the title of Eali of Glamorgan, his fa-
agreement betwixt Thomas Earl of Warwick and ther the Lord Marquifs oCWorotfler being then
King Henry the fecond, devolv'd to the Crown. alive the Succeflion of which noble Family
;
But King John bell ow'd it on William de Breos, may be feen at the end of Wbrcefterfbired
Lib. Monaft,
Netb. 5 Reg. to be held by fervice of one Knight, for all fervice ;

Joan.

Parifljes in this County 118.

DIME-
 743 744

^f^^^^f<f$^f^»'f!f^'f^^^'ff''f^'t^SJi|

D I M E T iE.
HE remainder of this Tracl which is extended weftward, and is calTd by the
Englijb Weft- Wales, comprehending Caer-mardhin-fhire, Pembrokeshire, Weft-Wales.
and Cardiganshire, -was thought by Pliny to have been inhabited by the Silu-
rcs. But Ptolemy, to -whom Britain was better known, placed another Nation
here,whom he catt'd Dimetx and Demetar. Moreover, both Gildas and Nin-
nim us'd the word Demetia to fignify this Country ; whence the Britains call it
at this day Dyved, changing the M into V, according to the cuftom of that
Language.
If' it would not be thought a ftraind piece of curiofity, I Jhould be apt to de-
rive this name Demetse, jrom the words Deheu-mcath, which fignify the Southern plain as all this \

fouth-part of Wales has been caWd Deheu-barth i.e. the Southern Part.
; And I find that elfewhere
the Inhabitants Nor x There is no
of a champain Country in Britain were caU'd by the Britains themfelves f Meatse.
does the Jituation
of tins' Country contradict that fignification ; for when you take a profpeU of it, the fuch word as
Hills decline gently and gradually into
a Plain. [But feeing it was the cuftom among the Romans to re- Msatb ora f
tain fuch names of the places they conquer d, im the ancient Natives made ufe of, adding only a Latin termi- ( amP^ ia
^ 1
.

nation ; it may feem more probable that Dimetia was made out of the Britifh name Dyved, than the
contrary.!
^J [„ j^j"
nufcripts or"
common ufe^
nor is this
Country fuch,
- „ as is defcrib'd j

CAER-MARDHIN-SHIRE.
HE County of Kaer-Vyrdhin, and divers other Noblemen (as Giraldus in-
callM by the Englifh Caer- forms us) were flain in the field.
mardhin-Jhire, is a Count r) By Hawis the daughter and heir of Thomas Lor(j s of
fufficiently fupply'd with de Londres, this fair Inheritance, with the Ti- Ogmor and
Corn, and very well ftock'd tie of Lord of Ogmor and Kydweli, defcended Kydweli.
with Cartel and in divers to Patrick Chaworth, and, by a daughter of his
j

Henry Earl of Lancafler. The

places affords plenty of Coal. fon Patrick, to
If. --is bounded on the caft with Glamorganjhirc heirs of Maurice de Londres (as we read in an
and Brecknock/hire, on the well with Pe?nbroke- old Inquifition) were obligd by this Tenure, In
fhire, on the north it is divided from Cardigan- cafe the King, or Ins Chief Juftice Jhould lead an
Jhire by the river Teivi, and on the fouth it is Army into thefe parts of Kydweli, to conduB the
bounded with the main Ocean, which encroa- faid Army, -with their Banners, and aU their For-
ches on the Land here, with fuch a vaft Bay, ces, through the m'tdfi of the Country of Neath to
as if this Country out of fear had withdrawn Locbor.

Kydweli. it felt". In this Bay, Kydweli fir/ft offers it felf, A few miles below Kydweli, the river Towy, The r i ver
the territory whereot was poffefs'd for fome which Ptolemy calls Tobitu, is receiv'd into the Towy or To-
time by the fons of Keianus a Scot, till they Ocean ; having pafs'd the length of this Coun- b us ' '

were driven out by Kynedhav a Britifh Prince. ty from North to South. Firft, by Lhanym
But now it is efteem'd part of the Inheritance Dhyvri (fo call'd, as is fuppos'd, from the conflu-
of the Dutchy of Lancafler, by the heirs of ence of rivers) which, out of malice to the
Maurice of London, or de Londres, who removing Englifh, was long fince demoliuVd by Howel
out of Glamorgan/hire, made himfelf mafter of op Rhys. Afterwards, by Dinevor-cajlle, the D nevor< j

it after a tedious war, and fortify 'd old Kydweli Royal Seat of the Princes of South- Wales whilft
with Walls, and a Caftle now decayed with age. they flourifh'd ; fituated aloft on the top of a
For the Inhabitants palling over the river of Hill. And at laft, by Caer-mardhin, which the
Gwen-draeth-vechan, built new Kydweli, being in- Britains themfelves call Kaer-Vyrdhin, Ptolemy
vited thither by the convenience of a Harbour, Maridunum, and Antoninus Muridunum, who Maridunum.
which yet at prefent is of no great ufe, being continues not his Journeys any farther than this Caer-
choak'd with ihclves. When Maurice of Lon- place, and has here been ill us'd by the neg- Mardhiri,
Gwenlhianj don invaded thefe territories, Gwenlhian the iigence of the Copyifts. For they have care-
a woman of wife of Prince Gryffydh, a woman of invincible lefsly confounded two Journeys the one from :

manly ecu- courage (endeavouring to reftore her husband's Galena to Ifca ; the other from Maridunum to
ra £ c This is the chief town of the
"
declining ftate) bravely engag'd him in a Viroconovium.
pitch'd battel. But fhe with her fon Morgan, County, pleafantly feated for Meadow s and :

Woods,
 ; — :

745 C AER-MARDH IN-SHIRE. 746

Woods, and is a place venerable tor its Anti- vil, an Englifhman, reliev'd the caftle, and cut
quity; excellently fortify d (faith Giraldus) with down the bridge. But the walls and caftle be-
briefctuiottsj partly yet founding,on the noble river ing afterwards repair'd by Gilbert de Clare, it
of Ttnay ; which is navigable with ihips of imall was freed from thofe miferics ; fo that be-
burden ; though there is a bed of faitd be- ing thus fecur'd, it bore the dorms of war
Merlin, or fore the mouth ot it. Here, our Merlin, the much eafier. afterwards. The Princes of Wales,
Mvrdhin Britifh Tages, was born : for as Tages was re- eldeft fons of the Kings of England, fettled
Emm. ported to have been the foil of a Genius, and here their Chancery and Exchequer for South-Wales.
to have taught his Tufcans Sooth-faying ; fo Oppoiite to this city, towards the caft, lies .

our Merlin, who was faid to have been the Cuntreubychan, which figm'fies the lejfer Hundred Cantrev-
foil of an Incubus, devis'd Prophecies, or rather (for the Britains fuch
call a portion of a fcoun-i>ychan.
mere Phantaftical Dreams, for our Britains. ln- try as contains one hundred villages, Kantrev)
fomuch, that in this Illand he has the reputa- where may be feen the ruins of Kaftelh Karreg,
tion of an eminent Prophet, atoongft the ig- which was feated on a fteep, and on all fides
norant common people. f This Merlin, or inaccenible rock; and like wife fcveral vaft ca- Caverns,
Merdhin Emrys (for fo the Britifh Writers call verns, now all cover'd with green Turf (where,
him) fiouriih'd Anno 480. The firft. of our in time of War, fuch as were unfit for arms,
* Eulogmrr Hiftorians that mentions
him is * Ninnius, are thought fby fomel to have fecur'd them-
Brit. C. 42.
who (uppofes he was call'd Embreys Glottic. He felves:) a notable fountain alfo, which (aS Gi-
fays nothing of his being thefonofan Incubus; raldus writes) ebbing and flowing twice in twenty
but on the contrary tells us exprefsly, his mo- four hours, imitates the fea-tides. fThofe Ca-
ther was afraid of owning the father, left flie verns are fuppos'd , by inquifitive perfons
fhould be fetttene'd to dye for it but that who have often view'd them, rather to have
-.

the boy confefs'd to King Vortigern, that his been Copper-mines of the Romans. And in-
father was by Nation a Roman. The fame deed, feeing it is evident (from fome Anti-
Author informs us, that King Vortigern *s Mef- quities found there) that Kaer-Gai in Meirio-
fengers lound him ad campion Elecii in regions qua uydh-fhire was a Roman Town or Fort ; and
vacatur Glevijing, i. e. at in that the place where thefe Caves are,
the field of Electus, is alfo
the Country call d which whether it call'd Kaio I am apt to infer from the name,
Gleviftng ; ;

were at this Town or County, or in

fomc other that this place mult have been likewife well
place, feems very questionable ; no places (that known to the Romans. And that I may note
I can hear o£) being known by fuch names at this by the way, I fufpeS moft names of pla-
prefenr. All the Monkifh Writers that men- ces in Wales, that end in or 0, fuch as Bod- ;'

tion him, make him either a Prophet or Magi- Vari, Kevn Korwyni, Kaer-Gai ; Lhar.nio, Kei-
Com. Brit But H. Lhwyd f a judicious Author, and
cian. dio, and Kaio, to be Roman names j thefe ter-
-f-

Defcn'pt.
very converfant in Britifh Antiquities, informs minations being not fo agreeable with the
p. 6 5.
us, that he was a man of extraordinary learn- Idiotifm of the Britifh. But for the Anti-
ing and prudence for the time he liv'd in quity of this place, we need not wholly rely
and that tor fome skill in the Mathematicks, upon conjeftures for I have lately received :

many fables were invented of him by the vul- from a curious perfon thefe following Infcri-|| Mr.Saun-
||

gar ; which being afterwards put in writing, ptions j which he copy'd from two ftones at ders, c Coll.
were handed down to pofterity.l a place call'd Pant y Polion, this parifh. The fc[j» Oxon - m
Soon attcr the Normans enter'd Wales, this firft (being a monument of one Paulims, whence,
town fell into their polfeffion, but under whole doubtlefs, is the name of Pant polion) lies flat p^J
y
conduct. I know not and for a long time it on the ground, and is placed crofs a gutter
;

encounter'd many difficulties having been ot1 but the other, which feems to be of fomewhat
:

ten befieg'd, and twice burnt firft by Gryffydh later date, is pitch'd on end,
; and is about a
apRhys, and afterwards by Rhys the faid Gryf- yard in height ; the Infcription whereof is to
fydh's brother. At which time, Henry T'urber- be read downwards.

Servator fidsi,
Patrittquc
femper amn-
J3tMTV/tf ID/El
?ATK\es/SEMFEK
tor t bic l'ault-
nus \acit, cul-
tor pienlijji-
mus xqui.
aamtorhicpa/hw
Vf/AC/TC\LTORP\EWT-
TVWSFLQV1

TALOU
AD VEWT—
MA<WERl9— C
UpLlve

5 B Whether
 74-7
BIMETAL. 74-8

Whether Odin in the feveral names of places of Commodus (who was the firft of the
Roman
neighbourhood be from the fame Adv- Emperors that embas'd their filver) to the
fifth
in this
whofe Monument this was, Tribunefhip of Gordon the third which falls
ent (or Adwen) ;

to the in with the year of Chrift 243 Amongft thefe,

or fome other origin, is recommended
.

obfervationof the Inhabitants. However it be, were Kelvins Pertinax, Marcus Opellius, Antoninus
certain, there are more of them hereabouts, Diadumenianus, Julius Verus, Maximus the fort
it is
than in all Wales befides ; as, Galht yr Odyn, of Maximinus, Callus Balbinus, Clodius Pupienus,
Ai{uilia Severa the wife ot Elagabalus, and Sail.
Pant }> Odyn, &C.1
Barbia Orbiana : which (as being very rare)
Cantrer To the north is extended Cantrev Mawr, or
heretofore were Coins of confiderable value among Anti-
Mnvt. the great Hundred ; a fafe Retreat
TAnno 1691. there were about two
for the Britain!, as being very woody and
rocky, quaries.

and full of uncouth ways, by reafon of the

hundred Roman Coins found not far from hence,
Lhan Boydy pa-
windings of the hills. On the fouth, the Ca-
at a place call'd Bronyskawen in
ftand on the rifh. They were difcover'd by two Shepherd-
Talcha ftles of Talcharn and Lhan Stephan
Lhan ample teftimonies of warlike boys, at the very entry of a fpacious Camp
! fea-rocks, and are
phan. call'd y Gaer ; bury'd in two very rude leaden
prowefs, as well in the Englifli as Britains.
(one of which I have caus'd to be figur'd
* Brit. Tav. Below Talcharn, the river * Taff is unchar- boxes
ged intothe fea on the bank of which in the Table, n. 10.) fo near the furface of
:

were not wholly out of

river, was famous heretofore Ty gwyn ar Dav, the ground, that they
of filver, and were fome
which lignifies, the white houfe on the river Tap fight. They were all ;

of the ancienteft Roman Coins we find in Bri-

fo call'd, becaufe it was built of white
haiel-

rods for a Summer-houfe. fl cannot conjeaurc, tain. Of about thirty I have feen of them,
might the original lignilication of this the Iateft were ofDomitinn Cof.xv. An. Dom. ox.
what be
them may not be
word Tim : but it may be worth our obferva- But perhaps a Catalogue of
unacceptable to the curious though I have
that the moft noted rivers in South-
;
tion,
only thofe in my poneflion which are thus di-
Wales feem to have been thence denominated
:

for befides that there ate three or

four rivers ftinguifh'd with an afterisk *.

of that name the firft fyllable alfo in Taw),

;

me but fo ma- Ant. Aug. ivir R. P. C. Navis pratoria.

Towy, Teivi, and Dyvi, kerns to 1. 1 1

and for the 5. Nf. Leg. V... Duo vexil/a caflrenjia, cum
ny various pronunciations of it :

have t elfewhere oft'er'd my

I
tenia in medio longe breviori, in cujus fummo t
latter fyllable,
+ Radno
fliire. conjecture, only denotes a River, or
that it aquila alts altiits ereBis.

perhaps Water. it feem to me ve-

Nor would 2. Ant. Aug. Navis pratoria.
name ot Leg. X. Duo figna caflrcnfia cunt aquila le-
ry abfurd, if any fhould derive the
For gionaria *.
the river Thames from the fame original.
the Ro- Ant. Aug. Ilivir R. P.C. Navis pratoria.
fince wc find it pretty evident, that
mans changed Dyved (the ancient
Country) into Dimetia, and Kynedhav (a man s
An old fn name) into
Cunotamus, and alfo that in ma-
||
name of this
3.

4. — Leg. XIII. Tria vexilla caflrenjia.

—
Caput forte Neptuni cum Tridente k
tergo.
ll
an M, the Inf. Cue. Re .. ViBoria in dorfi Delphini.
Liption in 'ny words where the Latins ufe
I ermi- Hie nummus etiam M. Antonii videtur.
Pembreke- Britains have an V, as Firmus, Ftrv ;

Lima, Lhiv &c. QXaflius Veil. Imago Virginis Veflalts.

ihire.
nus, Te-nin ; Amnis, Avon ; ; 5.

it feems not unlikely (confidering we find the

Ac. Timphim Veflre cum fella una t. &
wotd Tav, ufual in the names of our rivers) Q. Cafflus Libert. Imago Libertatis.
that the Britains might calf that
river Thv, Ac. Templum Veflre cum fella curitli & Ul-
Tavwy, or T.ivwys, before the Roman Con- na*.
call'd Tame/is. Geta 1 1 ivir. Imago Diana.
quer! which they afterwards
;
7.

feems to be more than a mere conje-

Nummus ferratus.
And this
cum
the word C. Hofidi C. F. Aper Ventibulo trajeBus
fture, when we confider further, that
I.

cane venatico.
Tav was, according to the old Britifh Ortho-
Geta 1 1 ivir. Imago Diana cum pharttra is
graphy, written Tarn ; which ihews, not only *
Arcu
Archaion. that Tav or Taff^ in Glamorganfhire, &x. is
Brit. p. 40. originally the fame word with Thame or Thames,
;. Marc # Caput Roma.
& Roma. Quadriga.
Col. 2. p. but alfo that the jGreek Ttvw in Mloftol is pro-
268. 10. C. III. NaT. B. ViBoria in Trigis.
bably no other.!
Here, at the forefaid Ty gwyn ar Dav, the m
Dea cujufdam Imago.
II. L. ProciliF. Juno fofpita in bigis
. infra fer-
year of our Lord 014, Howe!, firnam'd the
pens Lanuvinus.
Good, Prince of Utiles, in a full Attembly
(there
Junonis fofpita imago. Nummus ferratus*.
being, befides Lajjtnen, one hundred and lorty
Laws of his An- 12. M. Thoriv. Balbu. Taurus dicurrens.
Ecclciiafticks) abrogated the
ceftors, and gave] i-a Body of! new Laws to I. S. M. R. Sofpita Juno.

Preface before thofc Law 12. ...tori.. ViBoria in quadrigis.

* A, aim his P e °P k'' as th * Copy ofr Sc. R. Caput Roma. Nummus ferratus*.
chr ,fa,*.«tcftifies; Tandyet in an ancient MS.
Gefar. Elephai cum Dracone.
k, m) rci n them, to be fe*i in J^sr-College Library 14.
,

bengyfreithtu
in Oxford, fairfy writ -on parchment,
the Capeduncula, AfpergiSum, Securis, Albo- &
lr d
Preface does not inform us, that Howel Dha galerus : figna Pontificu maximi Dialis Fla- &
"r tefll"'
Anceftors but minis *.
ieiLli, ,- abrogated all the Laws of his ;

advice 15. Caput Augufli, fine Infcriptione.

ex prefsly tells us, that according to the
re///aa'/7Mti>i(
ramuw,
cgubyl, agif-tf ;,,-,- Council, fome of the ancient'. Laws Ire law Cifar Divi F. Figura flolata, dextrx
S comBed, and fome be^quite difan- finiflra cornu copia .

l' Y^-tairli, others be

appointing others in their fiedH*. \
16. Ti. Cifar Divi Aug. F. Aug.
eu lie. null'd,
was Figura fedens, dextra hafiam, finiflra ramum.
Whicland- In the fame place, a fmall Monaftery
Abbey. built afterwards, call'd Wlntl'and-Abbey.
'
Not 1 7. T. Claud. Cifar Aug. Germ. Trib. Pot. P.P.
Kilmaen Agrippini Auguilar. Caput Agrippina.
Lhwyd. far from whence is Kilmam Lhwyd, where fome
Country-men \ lately difcover'd an earthen Vef- 18. NeroCifar Auguftus.
Roman Jupiter fedens, dextra ful-
Coins. that contain'd a confiderable_ -quaTrrtty o'f Jupiter Cuftos.
fel, *.
+ So men tenens, finiflra Cathedra innixa
faid,
Roman Coins of embas'd filver ; from the time
ann, 1607. jo. Nero
 ;

749 CAE R-MAR D H INS H IR E. 750

19. Nero Grfar Auguftus. wonder if the conjectures of learned and ju-
to
Salus. Figura Cathedra in/idem, dextra pa dicious men about their
fituation, prove fome-
teram. times erroneous. I have lately obferv'd in Car-
20. Imp. Ser. Galba Cif. Aug. diganfhire, fome tokens of a Roman Fort,
SalusGen....mani [forte Generis Immar.iy I fufped to have been which
the Loi/aminum or Lo-
Figura fians coram ara aaenfa, jiniflra temo- vamium of Ptolemy
for which I fhall take the
;
nem, dextropede ghlmm calcam. liberty ot offering my arguments, when we come
2 1 . Imp. M. Otho Cifar Aug. Tr. P. into that County.
Securitas P. R. Figura flans, dextra corsllam, In the 19th of King Charles rhe firft,
Ri-
Jiniflra baoiUum *. chard Earl of Cariery in Ireland, was advan-
12. Imp. Ca:far Vefpafianus Auguftus. ced to the dignity of a Baron of this
Pont. Max. Tr. P. Cof. V.
Realm,
Caduceum ala- by the title ot Lord Vaughan
of Emlyn.
tum.,
Befides the Infcriptions, which we obferv'd
%j. Cx/ar Aug. Domitianus. at Kaio, there are three or four others in this
Cof.... Pegafus. County which may deferve our
Cxt Domit. Aug. Germ. notice. The
24. Imp. Tr. P. firft is not far from Caer-Mardbin
Imp. xxi. Cof. xv. Ceils P. P.P. Pallas xavi Newydh
town, in Lhan- A,lis u"
parifh j which, by the names therein y*"*" '
injtftens, dextra jaculum, fmiftra fcutum. fhould be Roman; tho." the form of / '"
fome Let-
ters, and the rudenefs of
the Stone on which
The Camp where thefe Coins were found, they are inferib'd, might give us
fomewhat of an oval form, and may be at lead, fufped it grounds to
the Epitaph of fome perfon of Ro-
three hundred paces in circumference. Th man defcent, but who liv'd fomewhat later than
bank or rampire is near the entry, about three their rime.
The Hone is a rude pillar, ereded
yards in height ; but eifewhere it is generally near
the highway ; fomewhat of a flat
much lower. At the entrance (which is about five or fix form,
foot high, and about half a yard
four yards wide) the two ends of the dike are breadth, in
and contains the following Infcription,
not directly oppofite; the one (at the point not to
be read downwards, as on many ftones
whereof the Coins were found) being conti- in
thefe Countries, but from the left to the
nu'd fomewhat farther out than the other, fo right.
as to render the paflage oblique. On each fide
the Camp, there is an old Barrow or Tumulm
the one, fmall, fomewhat near it ; the other,
which is much bigger, at leaft three hundred
yards diilant : both hollow on the top. The
leaden Boxes wherein thefe Coins were preferv'd,
are fo very rude, that were it not for what
they contain'd, I fhould never imagin them
Roman. For they appear only like lumps of
lead-ore, and weigh about five pounds, though
they contain fcarce half a pint of liquor. They
are of an orbicular form, like fmall loaves ; and
have a round hole in the middle of the lid,
The fecond is in the Parifh of Hen-lhan Am-
goed, in afield belonging to
about the circumference of a fllilling.l Parkeu, and is al- »„,,,„
moft fuch a Monument as the former.
It remains now, that I give fome account of At
prefent it lies on the ground ; but
Newcaflle (feated on the bank of the river Teivi, confidering
its form, it is probable
which divides this County from Cardiganfhire) that it flood heretofore
upright ; and if fo, the Infcription
tor fo they now call it, becaufe it was repair d was read
by Rhys ap 'Thomas, a ftout warrior, who af- downwards.
fifted Henry the feventh in gaining his King,
dom, and was by him defervedly created Knight
* Was call'd. of the Garter, whereas formerly it * is faid
e.
+ Vulg.
Emlin.
by fome to have been call'd t Elmlin. Which
name, if the Euglilh gave it from Elm-trees ;
Cf^ENVENDA/V- SepulchrumT
f_an Caii ? J
their conjecture is not to be defpis'd, who are
of opinion, that it was the Ltnjentium of the
Dirtteta, mention 'd by Ptolemy for an Elm
:
riUBARCVN- Menveniani
flit Barcuai*

call'd in Bririili Llrwyven. TBut it makes againft

this conjeaure, that the old Britifh name of
Emlin, is Diiuu Emlin the moil obvious Inter-
;
pretation whereof (tho' I ihall not much con-
tend for it) is Urh JEmiliani, which feems to
have no other original, than that a perfon fo
nam'd was once the Lord or Proprietor of it.
The name (which was common among the Bri-
tains anciently, and is partly yet retain'd) was
Roman, and is the fame with the JEmilinus
mention'd in Denbighfhire, which the Infcri
Both thefe names of Menvendan and Barcm,
are now obfolete ; nor do I remember to have
read either of them, in any Genealogical
MS.
But near this monument there is a place call'd
Kevn Varchen, which may feem to be denomi-
nated either from this Barcm, or fome
other
of the fame name. The third Infcription
was
copy 'd by my * above-mention 'd friend, from* M c
polifh'd Free-done at the weft-end of thede™ "'

ption calls Aimilini. I cannot find, that ever Church ot Lhan Vihangil Jerwerth. than Vihan-
it was call'd Elmlin, either in Welih or Eng-
lifli ; and therefore dare not fubferibe to the
]| See Ereck- II foregoing conjeaure, that the Lovantinum of
nocklhire and the Dimetx,
Cardigan-
Oiire.
meution'd by Ptolemy, was at
this place; nor yet that it perifiYdin the lake
—16VWQNIS Hie jacet UI-
Lhyn Saiiadhan, in Brecknocklhire. Indeed the cacinus filim
Senomacji,
footfteps of feveral Towns and Forts that flou-
rifh'd in the time of the Romans, are now -LOVlJlYi
fo obfeure and undifcernible, that we are not

The
7S l
DIM ETA. 752
The fourth (which feems lei's intelligible than may at firft view think this a groundlefs opi-
any of the reft) was alfo communicated by the nion, and wonder what I.aimati but when
fame hand. 1'he ftone whence he copy'd it, they confider that the common word Teyrnas,
is neatly carv'd, about fix foot high, and two which fignihes a Kingdom, is only a derivative
toot broad, and has a cavity on the top, which from the old word Teyrn (which was origi-
makes me fufpcct it to have been no other than nally the fame with Tyrannus, and fignify'd a
the Pedeftal ot" a Crofs. It may be feen at a King or Prince ; ) they will perhaps acknow-
place denominated from it Kae'r Maen, not ledge it not altogether imprubable. And con-
tar from Aber Sannan ; but for the meaning of lidering the rudenefs of the Monument de-

the Infcription, if it be any other than the fcrib'd, and yet the labour and ftrength re-

Stone-cutter';; name (though I confefs I know quir'd in erecting it, I am apt to fufpect it the
no name like it) I mull leave it to the Rea- Barrow of fome Britifh Prince, who might live
der's conjecture. probably before the Roman Conqueft. For fee-
ing it is much too barbarous to be fuppos'd
Roman, and that we do not find in Hiftory
that the Saxons were ever concern 'd here, or
eiudon the Danes any farther than in plundering the
Sea-coafts ; it feems neceilary to conclude it
Britifh. That it was a Royal Sepulchre I am
apt to infer, partly from the fignirication of the
LHjii \'a y In the Parifh of Than Pair y Bryn, we find name J which being not underftood in thefe
Bryn, manifeft figns of a place polfefs'd by the Ro- ages, could not therefore be any novel invention
mans. For not far from the eaft-end of the of the vulgar ; and partly for that (as I hinted
Church, Labourers frequently dig-up bricks, already) more labour and ftrength wasrequir'd
and meet with fome other marks of Roman here than we can fuppofe to be allow'd to per-
Antiquity ; and there is a very notable Roman fons of inferiour quality. That it is older than
way of Gravel and finall PebleS, continu'd from Chriftianity, there is no room to doubt ; but
that Church to Lhan Bran, the feat of a fami- that it was before the Roman Conqueft, is on-
ly or" the Gwyns, which (as I am told) may ly my conjecture, fuppofing that altcj the Bii-
be alfotrae'd betwixt this than Vair, and Lhan tains were reduced by the Romans, they had
Deilaw Vawr, and is vifiblc in feveral other none whom they could call Teyrn or King,
places. whofe corps or aflics might be repoiited here.
This Country abounds with ancient Forts, Gwxl y Vilaft or Bwrdh Arthur, in Lhan r^an Boudy,
Camps, and "Tumuli or Barrows, which we have Boudy parifh, is a monument in fome refpeft
not room here to take notice of I ilin.ll there- like that which we have defcrib'd at this Bar-

fore mention only one Barrow, call'd Kvig row, 'viz.. a rude ftone about ten yards in cir-
)'

Tre'lech. Dym, in the Parifh of tre'lech, which feems cumference, and above three foot thick, fup-
particularly remarkable. The circumference ot ported by four pillars, which arc about two toot
it at bottom may be about iixty paces, the and a half in height.
height about fix yards. It rifes with an eafy But Buarth Arthur or Meineu Gwyr, on a
afcent, and is hollow on the top, gently in- Mountain near Ktl y maen Ihwyd, is one ofKtl y m^r.
clining from the circumference to the center. that kind of circular Stone-monuments which Lhwyd.
This Barrow is not a mount of Earth, as others our Englifh Hiftorians afcribe to the Danes.
generally are ; but feems to have been fuch a The Diameter of the Circle is about twenty
heap offlones, as are call'd in Wales Karnedheu yards. The ftones are as rude as may be, and
(whereof the Reader may fee fome account in pitch'd on end at uncertain diftances trom each
Radnor/hire) cover'd with Turf. At the cen- other, fome at three or four foot, but others
ter of the cavity on the top, we find a vaft about tw o yards ; and are alfo of feveral heights,
rude Lhecb, or Hat ftone, fomewhat of an oval fome being about three or four toot high, and
form, about three yards in length, five foot others five or lix. There are now ftanding
over where broadeft, and about ten or twelve here, fifteen of them ; but there feem to be
* Mr.JfVJ- inches thick. A * Gentleman, to fatisty my feven or eight carry 'd .off. The entry into it
It am Lctoii ofcuriolity, haying employ'd fome Labourers to for about the fpace of three yards, is guarded
Lhwyn fearch under it, found it, after removing much on each fide with ftoiies much lower and lefs
Derw. than thofe of the circle, and pitch'd fo clofe
ftone, to be the covering of fuch' a barbarous
Monument, as we
K/ft-vaen, or Stone-c heft ; as to be contiguous.
call And over-againfl this
w'hich was about four and a half in length, avenue, at the diftance of about two hundred
toot
and about three foot broad, but fomewhat nar- paces, there ftand on end three other large,
rower at the eaft than weft-end. It is made rude ftones, which I therefore note particularly,
up of feven ftones, viz* the covering flone, al- becaufe there arc alfo four or five ftones erecV-
ready mention'd, and two fide-ftones, one at :d at fuch a diftance from that circular Mo-
each end, and one behind each of thefe for the nument which thc-y call King's-ftones near Little
better fecuring or bolftering of them ; all equally Rolrich in Oxfordshire. As for the name of
rude, and about the fame thicknefs ; the two Buarth Arthur, it is only a nick-name of the
laft excepted, which are conliderably thicker. vulgar, whole humour it is, though not fo
They found, as well within the Cheft as with- much (as fome have imagin'd) out ot igno-
out, fome rude pieces ot brick (or ftones burnt rance and credulity, as a kind of Ruftick di-
like them) and frce-ftone, lome of which were verfion, to dedicate many unaccountable Mo-
wrought. They obferv'd alfo fome pieces of numents to the memory of that Hero ; calling
bones, but fuch as they fuppos'd to have been fome ftones of feveral tun weight his Coin,
only brought in by Foxes ; but, not finking to others his tables, Chairs, &c. But Meineu gwyr
the bottom of the Cheft, we know not what is fo old a name, that it feems fcarce intelligi-
elfe it may afford. ble. Meineu isindeed our common word tor
K/ig y Dym (the name of this 'tumulus) is large ftones ; but gwyr in the prcfent Britifh
now fcarce intelligible but if a conjecture may
,- fignifies only crooked, which is fcarce applicable

be allow'd, I fliould be apt to interpret it to thefe ftones, unlefs we fhould fuppofe them
Khigs Barrow. I am fenfible that even fuch to be fo denominated, becaufe fome of them
.a'S are well acquainted with the Welfli tong
1
are not at prefent directly upright, but a little
i

inclining.
 ; ;

753 P EN B ROKSHIRE. 75+

inclining. It may be, fuch as take thefe cir-
gan/hire, by the name of Kam LbecbartJ)
cular Monuments for Druid-Temples may ima- Seeing we rind it not recorded, which of the
gin them from bowing-, as having been Normans firft extorted this Country out of
fo called
places of worfhip- For my part, I leave every the hands of the Princes of Wales ; Order
man to his conjecture and fhall only add, requires that we now proceed to the defcri-
;

that near Cape! King in Caernarvon/hire, there ption of Pmbro/tfbire, having firft obferv'd, that
I"

is a ftone pitch'd on end, call'd alfo Maen gwyr of late, Carmarthen hath given the title of Mar-Marquifs of
"which perhaps is the only ftone now remain- qulfs to Thomas Osborn, Earl of Danby; after- Carmarthen.
ing, of fuch a circular Monument as this. At
wards advanced to the more honourable title
leaft-wife it has fuch a Kifl vaen by it (but ot Duke ot Leeds ; which Honours are now en-
much lefs) as that which we obferv'd in the joy 'd by his f'on.]
midft of the Monument, difcrib'd in Glamor-

This County has 87 Parifhes,

TENBROKS HIRE.
HE now winding it felf venth of happy memory landing here; who
Sea,
to the fouth, and by a vaft from this place place gave England (at that
compafs and feveral Creeks time languifhing with Civil Wars) the firft
rendering the fhore very un- Signal ot better Times approaching.
eaven, beats on all fides upon At the innermoft and eaftern Bay of this
the County of Penbroke (com- Haven, a long Cape (faith Giraldus) which is ex-
monly call'd Penbrokjhire, and tended from Milver-dike with a forked head, ftjews
in ancient Records The Legal County 0} Penbroke, the principal town
of this Province, and the Metro-
and by fome, Weft-Wales ) except on the eaft, polis of Dimetia, feated on a rocky oblong Promon-
where it is bounded with Caer-mardbin-fbire, tory, in the moft pleafant Country of all Wales
and the north, where it borders on Cardigan/hire. call'dby the Britains Fenvro, which ftgnifies the
It is a fertile Country for Corn, affords plenty Cape or Sea-Promontory, and thence in Englifb
t
of Marl and fuch like things to fatten and en- Penbroke. Arnulpb de Montgomery, brother to
rich the Land, as alfo of Coal for Fuel and ; Robert Earl of Shrewsbury, built this Caftle in the
is very well ftock'd with Cattel. This Country time of King Henry the firft ; but very meanly, with
(faith Giraldus) affords plenty of Wheat, and is Stakes only and green Turf. Which, upon his return
well fervd with Sea~fifh and imported Wine and ; afterwards into England, he deliver d to Girald of
{which exceeds all other advantages) by its nearnefs Windjor, a prudent man, and Lieute-
bis Conftable
to Ireland, enjoys a wbolefom Air. nant-General, who with a fmall garrifon was pre-
Tenhiglii Firft, on the Southern Coaft, Tenbigh a neat fently befieged therein, by all the Forces of South-
town, ftrongly wall'd, beholds the Sea from a Wales. But Giraldus and his party made fuch
dry rock ; a place much noted for its har- rehftance ( tho' more with courage, than
bour and for plenty of Fifli (whence in Bri- ftrength) that they were forced to retire, with-
tifh it is call'd Dinbecb y pyskod ;) and govern'd out fuccefs. Afterward, this Giraldus fortify 'd
by a Mayor and a Bailiff. To the weft of this both Town and Caftle ; from whence he an-
place, are feen on the fhore the fmall ruins noy *d and intuited the neighbouring Countries
Ma rioter- of Manober Cajlle, call'd by Giraldus Pyrrbus's a great way round. And for the better fet-
caitle. Man/ton ; in whofe time (as he himfelf informs tlement of himfelf and his friends in this Coun-
us) it was adorn d with fiately Towers and Bul- try, he marry 'dNeft, the fitter of Prince Gryf-
warks, having on the wefl-Jide a fpacious Haven ; jydb, by whom he had a noble Off-fpring; and
and under the Walls, to the north and north-weft, by their means (faith Giraldus, who was descend-
an excellent Fifth-pond, remarkable as well fi ed from him) not only the Maritim parts of South-
neatnefs, as the depth of its watei The fhore Wales were retain d by the Englifb, but alfo the
being continu'd fome few miles from hence, imdllValls of"Ireland reduced' For ail thefe noble Fa-
Origin of the
at lengthdrawing-in it felf, the fea on both fides milies in Ireland call'd Giralds, Giraldines,
andGiVaTdsIn"
comes_ a great way into the land, and makes Fitz,-Giralds, are defcended from him. In j-«?-Ireland.
Milford. that Port which the Englifh call Milford-haven gard of the Tenure of this Caftle and Town, and^ Qtal s Seer "
haven. than w'hich there is none in Europe, either the Caftle andTomn of Tinbigh, and oftbe Grange vitioruin.
more fpacious or fecure ; fo many Creeks and of Kings-Wood, the Commot of Croytarath, and
Harbours hath it on all fides, which cut tin Manour of Caftle-Martin and Tregoir, Reginald
banks like fo many Fibres; and, to ufe the Grey, at the Coronation of Henry the fourth,
Poet's words, claim'd the honour of bearing the fecoud Sword,
but in vain ; for it was anfwer'd, that at that
Hie exarmatum terris dngentibus aqttor timethofe Catties and Farms were in the King's
Clauditur, & placidam difcit fervare quie- hands, as is alfo at this day the Town of Pem-
tem. which is a Corporation, and is govern'd
broke,
by a Mayor and two Baylirls.
Here circling banks the furious winds con- On another Bay of this Haven, we find Ca- r
troul, rew-caftle, which gave both name and original
wle *

And peaceful waves with gentle murmurs to the iiluflrious Family of Carew, who affirm
rowl. themfelves to have been call'd at firft de Mont-
and that they are defcended from that
gomery,
For it contains fixteen Creeks, five Bays, and Arnulph de Montgomery
alreadv mention 'd.
thirteen Roads, difhnguifh'd by their feveral Two Rivers are difcharg'd into this Haven,
names. Nor is this Haven more celebrated almoft in the fame Chanel, call'd in the Britifh
for thefe advantages, than for Henry
the fe- tongue Cledheu, which in Englifh fignifies a
C ] c3he "'
5 C Sword,
 755 DIMET^. 7 $6
Sword, whence they call it Aber-dau-Gkdheu, St. David's, -with all his Clergy, came to the Prince]
i. e. the Haven of two Swords. Hard by the to intercede for Peace in behalf of the Flemings, -which
Slebach. more them, ftandeth Slebach, once after long debating was thus concluded.
eafterly of
Firft, That
a Commandery of" the Knights of St. John of Je- all the Inhabitants
of Ros, and the Land of Pen-
ruialem, which, with other Lands, Wi%,o and broke Jhould become the Prince's
fubjells, and ever
his fon Walter fettled upon that holy Order; from thenceforth take him
for their liege Lord. Sr
that they might ferve, as the Champions of condly, That they Jhould pay him one
thoufand Marks
Chrift, in order to recover the Holy-Lmd. toward his charges, before Michaelmas next coming.
That part of the Country which lies beyond Thirdly, that for the performance of thefe, they
the Haven, and is water 'd only with thefe two ftjould deliver forthwith to the Prince twenty Pledges
rivers, is call'd by the Britains Rhos : a name, of the beft in all the Country, &c. And
deriv'd from the fituation ; for it is a large again, In the year 1220. Lhewelyn Prince of /Vales p
Tie wings, green plain. This part
inhabited by Fle- led an Army to Penbroke
is againfi the Flemings, who
wlien feated mings, who fettled here by the permifuon of contrary to their Oath and League had taken
the Ca-
in Wales.
King Henry the firft ; when the Sea, making ftle of Aber Teivi, which Caftle the Prince de-
breaches in the fences, had drown'd a confide- fhoy'd (putting the Garrifon to the fword,) and ras'd
rable part of the Low-Coumreys. They are at the Caftle, and went thence to the Land of GwyS, Wifton,
this day diltinguifh'd from the Wclfil by their where he ras'd that Caftle, and burnd the
Town.
fpeech and cuftoms : and they fpeak a language Alfo he causd all Haverford to be burnd to the
I '
•
fo much Englifh (which indeed has a great affi- Caftle-gates, and deftroy'd all R os and Daugledhau ;
nity with the Dutch) that this fmall Country and they that kept the Caftle fent to him for Truce
Little Eng- of theirs is call'd by Britains Little E)
die till May, which was concluded upon
Conditions, and
land beyond ian& \ beyond Wales. This (faith Giraldus) is a fo he return' d horned]
s "'
(hut and refolute Nation,
and very troublefom to On the more wefterly of thofe two rivers
the Welfl? : a people ex- call'd Cledheu, in a very uneaven fituation, lies
by their frequent skirmifljes
cellently sktlfd of cloathing and mer- Harford-wefl, call'd by the Englifh formerly Haverford-
in the bufimfs

chandise, and always ready

to increafe their flock at Haverford; and by the Britains, Hwlfordh a™ elt- .-

any pains or hazard, by fea and land. A

moft town of good account, as well for its neatnefs,
puiffant Nation, and equally prepay d, as time and as number of inhabitants. It is alfo a Coun-
place /hall require, either for the fword or the plovj. ty of it felf, and is govern 'd by a Mayor, a
And to add one thing more, a Nation moft devoted Sheriff, and two Bayliffs. There is a Tradi-
to the Kings of England, and faithful to the Eng- tion, that the Earls of Clare fortify'd it on the

lifh ; and which, in the time of Giraldus, uiv north-fide with walls and a rampire; and we
derflood Soothfaying, or the infpedion of th< have it recorded, that Richard Earl of Clare
Entrails of hearts, even to admiration. More made Richard Fitz,-Tankred Govcrnour of this
Flemings- over, the Flemings-way, which was a work of caftle.
Way. theirs (as they are a People exceeding indu- Beyond Ros, is a fpacious Promontory, ex-
bious,) is here extended through a long tract tended with a huge front into the Irifh Sea ;
of ground. The Wclfh, endeavouring to call'dby Ptolemy OBopitarum, by the Britains Oilopitarum,
gain their old country, have often fet upon Pebidiogand Kantrcv Dewi, and in Englifh St. St. David's
thefe Flemings with all their power, and have David's Land. A
Land (faith Giraldus) £of£Land.
ravag'd and fpoil'd their borders; but they rocky and barren, neither clad with trees, nor di-
have always been ready, with great courage, vided with rivers, nor adorn d with meadows;
to defend their fortunes, their fame, and their but expos d continually to the -winds andftorms : how-
lives. Whence William of Malmesbury writes ever, it was the retiring-place and nurfery of
thus of them, and of William Rufus ; /ViUiam feveral Saints, For Calphurnius a Britifh Prieft
Rufus had, generally, but ill fortune againft the (as fome have written, I know not how truly)
IVelfh i which one may well wonder at, feeing begat here, in the vale of RhSs, St. Patrick the St,
all
Patrick.
his attempts elfewhere prov'd fuccefsful. But I am Apoftle of Ireland, on his wife Concha, filter of
of opinion, that as the uneavennefs of their country St. Martin of Tours. And Dewi, a molt Reli-
andfeverity of the Climate favour d their rebellion, gious Bifhop, tranilated the Archiepifcopal See
fo it hinder d his progrefs. But King Henry, that from Kaer-Leion to the utmoft corner of this
now reigns, a man of excellent wifdom, found out an place, viz. Menew or Menevia, which, from him,
art to fruftrate all their inventions, by planting Fle- was afterwards call'd by the Britains Ty Dewi,
mings in their country, to curb and to be a continual I c. David's houfe, by the Saxons Dauy6-g
guard upon them. And again in the fifth Book ; CQynrcep, and by our modern Englifh, St.
t# i) 1T y fc

King Henry, many expeditions, endeavour d to David's. For a long time, it had its Archbi-
by
reduce the who were always prone to re- fhops ; but the plague raging very much in
IVelfh,
bellion. At very advifedly, in order to abate this Country, the Pall was militated to DSll
loft,
their pride, he tranfplanted thither all the Flemings in Little Britain, which was the end of this
that liv'd in England. For at that time there were Archiepifcopal dignity. Notwithftandingwhich,
many of them come over on account of their relation in later Ages, the Britains commenced an Action
to his mother, by their fathers fide ; infomuch that on that account, againft the Archbifhop of Can-

they were burdenfome to the Kingdom wherefore, terbury, Metropolitan of England and Wales ;
:

he thruft them all into Ros, a Province of /Vales, but were caft. What kind of place St. David's
as into a common-fhore, as well to rid the Kingdom was heretofore, is hard to guefs, feeing it has
of them, as to curb the obftinacy of his enemies. been fo often fack'd by Pirates at pre- :

TTo this we may add what Dr. Powel hath fent, it is a very mean city, and /hews on-
* P. 277. del iyer'd upon this occaiion, in his *Hifiorv ly a fair Church confecrated to St. Andrew and
of Wales. St. David. Which having been often demo-
In the year 12 17. Prince Lhewelyn ap Jor- lifh'd, was built in the form we now fee it,
w erth marctid to Dyved, and being at Kevn Kyn- in the reign of King John, by Peter then Bifhop
r

warchan, the Flemings fent to him to defire a thereof and his fucceflors, in the Vale of Rhos (as
Peace ; but the Prince would not grant them their they call it) under the town. Not far from it, is
requeft. Then young Rys was the firft that pafs'd the Bifhop 's Palace and j very fair houfes, of f js.i ss p tr .
:

the river Kledheu, to fight with thofe of the town the Chanter (who is chief next the Bifhop, £orp"lcbr<t C. t

ann 16 °7-
[of Haverford "] whereupon Jorwerth, Bifhop of here is no Dean) the Chancellor, the Trea-
-
:

furer,
 ;

757 P ENBROKSHIRE. 758

* £C<™en»Vw.furer, and four Archdeacons, who are * of the timber. As for roots or flumps, I have '

often
Canons (whereof there are twenty-one,) all oblerv'd them my felf at a low ebb, in
the
inclos'd with a ftrong and ftately wall. Sand.^ betwixt 'Borifi and Aber Dyvy in Cardi-
fAs to the ancient name of St. David's, there ganihire, but remember nothing of any
im-
is, not far from it, a place at this day call'd preflion of the Axe on them but on the con- ;
Mclin Melin Mmeu wherein is preferv'd the old deno- trary, that many of them, if not all,
Me no
;
were ve-
mination. But the original fignification of the ry fmooth ; and that they appear'd,
as to fub-
word Meneu is now loft, and perhaps not to ftance, more like the cole-black Peat or Fuel-
be retrieved. However, I would recommend it turf, than Timber.!
to the curious in Ireland and Scotland (where There are excellent and noble Falcons that Falcons. 1

the names of places agree much with thofe in breed in thefe rocks, which
our King Henry
Wales) to confider whether it may not iignify the fecond (as the fame Giraldus
informs us)
a Frith or narrow Sea For we find the Cha- was wont to prefer to all others. And (un-
:

nel betwixt Caernarvon/hire and the Ifle of An- lefs I am deceiv'd

by fome of that neighbour-
glefey to be call'd Aber-meneu ; and there is here hood) they are of that
kind which they call
alfo a fmall Fretum, call'd the Sound, betwixt Peregrins. For, according to the account they
this place and the Die of Ramfey ; and another give of them, I
heed not ufe other words to
place call'd Matey, hard by a Frith in Scotland, defcribe them, than
thefe verfes of that excel-
in the County 01\ Buquhan?* lent Poet of} our age, Thuanus Auguftus £/i»f~f- So laid,
This Promontory is fo far extended weft- rius, in that golden book which he entitles Hie- *<"< t-ioj.
ward, that in a clear day you may fee Ire- racojophton :
land and from hence is the fhorteft paflage into
:

it. Pliny erroneoufly computed Ireland to be Depreffits capitis vertex, oblongaque toto
thirty miles diftant from the Country of thi Corpore pennarum fcries, pallentia crura,
Silures; ior he thought their country had .ex- Et graciles digiti ac
fparfi, narefque rotunda.
tended thus But we may gather from thefe
far.
words of Cape was once ex-
Giraldus, that this Flat heads, and feathers laid in curious
tended farther into the fca ; and that the form rows
of the Promontory has been alter'd. At fitch O'er all their parts, hook'd beaks,
Trunks and time as Henry the and (len-
fecond (faith he) -was in Ireland der claws.
Stumps of ,

trees in the
by reafon of an extraordinary 'violence of fiorms, the
iea. fandy fiores of this coafl were laid bare, and the The fea with great violence beats upon the
face of the land appear d -which had been cover 3 d land retiring from this Promontory
; which is
for many ages .-
Alfo, the Trunks of trees, which had a fmall region call'd the Lordfliip of Kemaes. B lr0 „y of
been cut down, were feen /landing in the mid/1 of the In it, we firft meet with Fifcard, feated on a Kemaet.
fea,and the flrokes of the axe as frefb as if they fleep rock, and having a convenient harbour for Hfttri,
had been yeflerday : with very black earth, andfede- (hipping fo call'd by the Englifii from a Fi-
:

ral old blocks like Ebony. So that now it did not fiery there ; and by the Britains, Aber-Gwain,
appear like the fea-fhore, but which
rather refembled a fignifies the mouth of the river Gwain.
grove {made by a miraculous Metamorphafts, per- Next, is Newport on the river Nevern, call'd in1 Newport.
}
haps everfince the time of the Deluge, or elfe long Britiffl Trevdraeth, which fignifies the town l..
after, at leaftwife -very anciently, ) at well cut
down, the fund. This was built by Martin of Tours,
ta confum'd and fwallowd up whofe poflerity made it a Corporation, and
by degrees, by the -vio-
lence of the fea, continually upon and granted it feveral privileges, and conftituted
encroaching
wajhing off the land. And that faying of Wil- therein a Portrieve and Eayliff ; and alfo built
liam Kufus, fhews that the lands were not here themfelves
a Caflle above the town, which was
disjoyn'd by any great fea ; who when he be- their chief
feat. They alfo founded the Mo-
held Ireland from thefe rocks, faid, he could naflery^ of St.
Dogmael on the bank of the river St. Dogmael,
eafily make a bridge of ffiips, whereby he
might Teivi, in a Vale encompafs'd with hills, from Brit. St. Teg!
walk from England into that Kingdom ; as we which the village
adjoyning (as many other vae1 '
read in Giraldus. towns did from Monafteries) took its begin-
TBefides this inftance of the Sea-fands being ning. This Barony was firft takeii out ofthe Lords of
wafh'd off, we find the fame to have happen'd hands of the Welfh,
by Martin of Tours, from Ktmoes.
about the year ijjo. For Mr. George Owen, whofe poflerity (call'd
from him Martins') it Thc fami'y
v ^° fo*4 at tna time, and is t mention 'd in defcended i-r— J J by marriage . '- ofthe Mar- -

t Pag. 758.
.
t.
to the Barons de Audeley.
this work as a learned and ingenious perfon, They
held it a long time; till, in the reign"""
gives us the following account ofitina Ma- of King
See below e
Henry the eighth, William Owen, def-
nufcript Hiilory of this County. cended
Kemaei. from a daughter of Sir Nicholas Martin,
About twelve or thirteen years fince, it happen'd after a
tedious fuit at law for his right, ob-
that the fea-fands at Newgal, which are cover
d tain'd it at laft, and left it to his fon George
every tide, were by^ fame extraordinary violence
of who (being an exquifite Antiquary,) has in-
the Waves fo wafb'i
off, that there appear 'd flocks form'd me, that there are in this Barony,
be-
cj Trees, daubtlefs in their native places
; for they fides the three Boroughs (Newport, Fifhgard, and
retain d mamfcft Jigns
of the flrokes of the axe, at St. Dogmael) twenty Knights-fees and twenty-
the falling of them. The Sands being wafi'd off in fix Parifhes.
the winter, thefe Eats remain d to be
feen all the More inward, on the river Teivi already men-
fummer following, but the next year the fame were rion'd, lies '
Kil Garan ; which fhews the ruins Kil Garan.
cover d again with the fands. By this it appeareth, of a Caftle built by Giraldus. But now, being
that the Sea in that place hath intruded
upon the reduced to one ftreet, it is famous for nothing
Land. Moreover, I have been told by the neighbours but a
plentiful Salmon- Fifiery. For there is a
of Coed Traetli near Tenby, that the like hath very
famous Salmon-Leap, where the river fails The Salmon-
been feen alfo upon thofe Sands, &c.
To this an headlong; and the Salmons, making-up from Lca P-
ingenious and inquifitive Gentleman of this
the fea towards the Shallows of the river, when
Country, adds, that the fame hath been ob-
hey come to this cataract, bend their tails to
fervdot late years near Capel Stinan or St.
Ju- their mouths (nay fometimes, that they may
flimau s ; where were feen not only the roots or leap
w'ith greater force, hold it in their teeth
flocks of Trees, but alfo divers ;)
pieces of fquar'd and then upon diiengagisg themfelves from

their
B

759 DlMETM. 760

their circle, with a fudden violence, as when cle, ftill prominent out of the ground, and
a ftick that's bent is reflected, they call them- be feen at this day. Now altho' we fhould
1

felves from the water up to a great height, to queftion the authority of this Writer, as to
the admiration of the fpectators : which Aufo- thefe miracles ; yet it we may be allow'd to
nius thus defcribes Very elegantly : make any ufe at all of fuch Hiftories, we may
trom hence infer, that this circle of ftones (which
Nee te punicea rutilantem vifceres Salmo, are here mention'd by the name of Idol's heads)
Tranfierim, lata cujus vaga verbera cauda, was, before the planting of Chriftianity in this
Gurgite de medio fummas refenmtur in undas. Country, a place of Idolatrous worfliip. And
if that be granted, we flia.ll have little reafon to

Nor ted Salmon, (halt be Iaft in

thou, doubt, but that our Kromlecb, as well as all
fame, other fuch circular Stone-monuments in Britain
Whofeflirting tail cuts through the deepeft and Ireland (of which, I pre fume, there are not
ream,
ft lefs than one hundred yet remaining) were alfo

With one ftrong jerk the wondring flood erefted tor the fame ufe. But to proceed far-
deceives, ther ; this relation of Idolatrous worfliip at
And fporting mounts thee to the utmoft Crumcruacb, feems much confirm'd by the ge-
waves. neral Tradition concerning fuch Monuments in
Scotland. For upon perufal ot fome Letters
[There arein this County feveral fuch cir- on this iubject, trom the learned and judicious
cular ftone Monuments, as that defcrib'd in Dr. James Garden, Profeilbr of Divinity at
Caer-mardhin-jhireby the name of Meineu gwyr, Aberdeen, to an ingenious Gentleman of the
and Kam Lbecbart in Glamorgan (hire. But the Royal Society*, (who, tor what I can learn,* y^ ^ u .
YGromlech.tnoft remarkable, is that which is call'd > Grom- was the tuft that fufpected thefe Circles forbreyofEa-
lechy near Ventre Evan in Nevem Parifh, where T'emples of tbe Druids;) I find that m
feveral fton Piwre *"
lItikre »
are feveral rude ftones, pitch'd on end, in a parts of that Kingdom, they are call'd Cha-^
f
circular order; and in the midft of the cir- pels and Temples ; with this farther Tradition,
cle, a vaft rude (lone placed on feveral pillars. that they were places of worfliip in the time
The diameter of the Area is about fifty foot. of Heathenifm, and did belong to the Drounkb.
The ftone fupported in the midft of this circle Which word fome interpret tbe Pitls but ;

is eighteen foot long, and nine in breadth ; and
at the one end it is about three foot thick,
but thinner at the other. There lies alfo by
it a piece broken off, about ten foot in length,
ana' five in breadth, which feems more than
twenty Oxen can draw. It is fupported by
three large rude Pillars, about eight foot high
Dr. Garden fufpefts that it might originally de-
note tbe Druids: in confirmation whereof, I
add, that a village in Anglefey is call'd Tver
Drhv, and interpreted the Town of tbe Druid,
Now the diminutive of Driw muft be Driwin
(whence, perhaps, Kaer Drewin in Merionydb-
; jbire,) and ch is well known to be an ufual Irifh

but there are alfo five others, which are of no termination in fuch Nouns.
ufe at prefent, as not being high enough, or As for fuch as contend that all Monuments
duly placed, to bear any weight of the top- of this kind, were erected by the Danes, as
ftohe. Under this ftone, the ground is neatly Trophies, Seats of Judicature, places for elect-
flag'd, confidering the rudenefs of Monuments ing their Kings, &c. they will want Hiftory
of this kind. I can fay nothing of the number to prove, that ever the Danes had any Domi-
and height of the ftones in the circle, not ha- nion, or indeed the leaft Settlement in Wales
ving feen this Monument my felt;* but this ac- or the High-lands of Scotland
; where yet fuch
count I have of it, is out ot Mr. George Owens Monuments are as frequent, it not more com-
Manufcript Hiftory above-mention'd, which mon, than in other places of Britain. For al-
was communicated to me by the worfhipful though we find it regifter'd, that they have fe-
John Lewis of Manoitr Noma, Efquire. Anu veral times committed depredations on ourSea-
the
I have alfo receiv'd a defcription ot it from a coafts, defiroying fome Mari'tim places in
perfon, who at my requeit lately view'd it, not Counties of Glamorgan, Pembroke, Cardigan, and
differing, materially, from that which we find in Anglefey, and fometimes alfo
making excurfions
the Manufcript. The name of this Monument into the Country : yet we read, that they made
than whilft they plunder'd the
feems much of the fame iignification with Mei- no longer ftay,

neu gwyr ; for Krwm, in the Feminine gender Religious Houfes, and extorted money and pro-
Krom, fignifies (as well as^uijy) crooked or bend- virions from the people. Now, if it be de-
ing and Lbhh, a fione of a fiat rorm, more or manded, why they might not, in that fliort ftay,
;

lefs,whether natural or artificial. And as we erect thefe Monuments ; I have nothing to an-
have obferv'd another Monument in Caernarvon- f\ver, but that fuch vaft perennial memorials
foire, call'dLbhh or Maen gwyr, fo we meet feem rather to be the work of a people fettled
with feveral in Anglefey, and fome in other parts in their Country, than of fuch roving Pirates,
of Wales call'd Kromlecheu. Now, that thefe who for their own fecurity muft be continu-
Monuments have acquir'd this name from bow- ally on their guard, and confequently have but
lafting
ing, as having been places of worfliip in the fmall leifure, or reafon, for erecting fuch
time of Idolatry, I have no warrant to affirm. Monuments And, that we find alfo thefe Mo-
:

However, in order to farther enquiry, we may numents in the Mountains of Caernarvonshire*

take notice, that the Irifh Hiftorians call one of and divers other places, where no Hiftory does
Flaherty's their chiefeft Idols Cromcruacb which rcmam'd inform us, nor conjecture fuggeft, that ever the
;

°g>'gi a j P- till St. Patrick's time in the plain of Moy-fleub~i Danes have been. To which may be added,
196, &c. ia Brefin. This Idol is defcrib'd to have been that if we ftrietly compare the defcriptions ot
^ Danifli and Swedifli Monuments in Sam
•f Juro
£5"
t carv h w 3 $>°?d and filver, and faid to be at- the
argtmo liKla. tended with twelve others much lefs, all ot Grammaticus ,lVormius,cnd Rudbeckius, with our s
turn.
brafs, placed round about him. Cromcruacb, at in Britain, we fliall find confiderable difference

the approach of St. Patrick, fell to the ground, in the order or ftruflure of them. For (if
and the letter Idols funk into the earth up to we may place that here) I find none of them
their necks : the heads whereof (fays one of comparable to that magnificent, tho' barbarous
the Authors of the life ot St. Patrick, cited by Monument, on Salisbury Plain nor any that
;

Colgams) are, in perpetual memory of this mi- has fuch a table in the midft, as the Kromlecb
here
 j6i P ENBROKSHIRE. 762
here defcrib'ci where is fcvcral of ours in feen it my felt) I
;
am not fully fatisfv'd, whe-
Wales have it, though it be ufually much lets; ther it be a
Monument, or, as Mr. Oaten feems
and very often this Table or a Kifi-vaai is to fuppofc,
purely accidental. But by the ac-
found without any circle of ftones, and fome- count I
hear of it, I fufpi-a it rather an effect
times on the contrary circles of ftones, with- ot
human indudry, than chance. This flaking
out any Kift-vaen or other ftone in the midft
ftone (fays he) may be feen m a Sea-dig
But this we need not fo much infift upon within
for half a mile
of St. David's
:
it is fo vaft, that [ ;
tho' they fhould agree exactly, yet are we not frejume
it may exceed the draught
of an hundred
therefore oblig'd to acknowledge that our Monu Oxen; and it is altogether rude and
ments were erected by the Danes. For as one The unfohfh'J.
cccafon of the name is, for that being -Mounted
Nation fince the planting of Chriftianity hath upon divers other
ftones, about a yard in height;
imitated another, in their Churches, Chapels, it is
fi equally fois'd, that a man may jhalte it with
Sepulchral Monuments, &c. fo alio in the time one finger, jo that
fine or fix men fitting on it, fhall
of Paganifm, the Rites and Cuiloms in Reli- perceive themjelves mov'd thereby. But I am in-
gion mull have been deriv'd from one Country form 'd, that fince this worthy Gentleman
writ
to another. And 1 think it probable, fhould the Hiilory of this Country"
(viz.. in the late
we make diligent enquiry, that there may be Civil wars) fome of the Rebel-foldiers
looking
Monuments of this kind ftill extant in the lefs upon as a thing
it much noted, and therefore
frequented places of Germany, France, and fuperftitious ; did, with fome difficulty, fo al-
Spain if not alfo in Italy.
; But I fear I have ter its pofition, as to render it almolt immo-
too long detain'd the Reader with probabili- veable. There is alfo a Rocking-ftone in Ire-
ties, and fhall therefore only add, that whatever
land in the County of Dunegall, and
Pari*, of
elfe hath been the ufe of thefe Monuments, it
Clunmany, no lefs remarkable tlian this, call'd
is very evident they have been (fome of them
by the vulgar Magarl Finn mhk Cuill which
at leait) us'd as burial-places leeing Mr. Au- is defcrib'd to be of a vaft bignefs,
;
and fome-
la ey in that part of his Monummta Brilannka what ot
a pyramidal form, placed on a flat
which he entitles Templa Druidum, gives us ftone, the fmall
end downward, but whether
fome inftances of human Skeletons, found on by accident or
human induftry, I muft leave to
the outlide of one or two of them in Wilt- turther enquiry.
fhire. And Dr. Garden in his foremention'd In the Church-yard at Nevern on the north- Nevsn
Letters, affirms that fome perfons yet living fide, I obferv'd
a rude ftone pitch'd on end,
have dug afhes out of the bottom of a little about two
yards in height, of a triquetrous
circle (fet about with ftones ftanding clofe to-
form, with another fmaller angle having on ;
gether) in the center of one of thefe Monu- the
fouth-fide this Infcription, which feems ol-
ments, near the Church of Keig in the Shire der than
the foundation of the Church. It
of Aberdeen ; and adds farther, that in the Shire was,
perhaps, the Epitaph of a Roman Soldier;
of Invernejs, and Parifh of Enncr Allen, there for I guefs it
muft be read Vitelliani Eme-
is one of thefe Monuments, call'd the Chapel
riti.
of Tilligormn, alias Cafel Mac-mulach, which is
full of Graves, and was, within the memory
ot fome an ordinary place of burial, at
living,
leaft for poor people, and continues to be fo at
this- day for ftrangers, and children that dye Vit/uahi
without baptifm.
We have not room here to take notice of the
other Monuments of this kind, which this
County affords ; and fhall therefore only ob-
ferve, that in iVhuport-Pariih there are five of
thefe Tables or Altars (that we may diftinguifh
In the fame Church-yard, on the fouth-fide,
them by fome name,) placed near each other, is erected a very
handfom pillar, as the fhaft
which lome conjecture to have been once en- or pedeftal of
a Crofs. It is of a quadrangular
compafs'd with a circle of Stone-pillars, for that form, about two
foot broad, eighteen inches
there are two ftones yet ftanding near them.
thick, and thirteen foot high; neatly carv'd
But thefe are nothing comparable in bignefs to on all fides with certain
endlefs knots, which
the Gromlech here defcrib'd, nor rais'd above are about one
and thirty in number, and all
three foot high : nor are they fupported with
different forts. The top is cover'd with a crofs
pillars, but ftones placed edgewife ; and fo ftone, below which
there is a Crofs carv'd on
are rather of that kind of Monuments which the
eaft and weft-fides, and about the midft
we call Kiftieu-maen or Stone-chefts, than Krm- thefe Letters :

lecheu.
I had almoft forgot to acquaint the Reader,
that there is alfo in Nevern-VmVn, beiides
the
Gromlech, another Monument call'd commonly
VhiA y Lhech y Drybedh (i. e. Tripodium) and by fome
Drybcdb. the Altar-flone. It is of fomewhat an oval
form,
and about twelve yards in circumference, and
placed on tour ftones (whereof one is ufelefs,
as not touching it) fcarce two foot high.
At which perhaps are no other than the initial let-
the fouth-end, it is about four foot and
a half ters of the names of thofe perfons that
in thicknefs,
eroded
but fenlibly thinner to the other this Crofs. But whatever they may fignify, the
end, where it exceeds not four inches
at which
; fecond character is fuch as I have not met with
end, there is cut fuch a DuBus or
Conveyance, elfewhere, and therefore I thought it worth
as might the
ferve to carry off any liquid that publifhing.
fhould run down ; but to what purpofe it
was There is alfo an Infcription within this
defign'd, I fhall not pretend to
conjecture. Church, which to me is equally obfeure, and
YmienSigl. Tmaenfigl, or the Rocking-ftone, deferves alfo feems
more like Greek than Roman Chara-
to be mention'd here although (having never ders
;
of which the following Copy was fent
5 D
jB«T /

763
BIMETAL. 764
proverb [Stinan a Devanog dau
me by Mr. William Gamlold of £xrt«-College, which feerns by the
to have been once part of the
Oxoii, who, Iprefume, hath tranfcrib'd it with anwyl gymydog]
Continent, if I may properly call our Country fa,
due exa&nefs.
•whenI fpeak of fuel} fmall Infulets. hi it there is
a fmall promontory or neck of land, iffuing into the
" ii -- ™ »m«p i .1
fea, -whichis call'd Ynis yr hyrdhod ",

prefume is the name of Ramfey.

whence I* Id eft,
To this Ifland,*™"- 1! ™'-
1
.

and fome rocks adjoyning, call'd by thefea-men The

[ Y/Qi^nnelj Bifhop and his Clerks, do yearly refort atom the
beginning of April fuch a number of birds offeveral
forts, that none but fuch as have been eye-wimejfes
can be prevaitd upon to believe it ; all -which, after
The ftone is pitch'd 011 end, not two foot high ;
They come to
breeding here, leave us before Auguft.
and is round at top (about which thefe Letters thefe recks, and alfo leave them', confiantly in the
are cut) like the Monument defcrib'd at My- night-time : fir in the evening the nets fhall be ca-
nydh Gelhi Onnen in Glambrganfhire. ver 'd with them, and the next morning not a
bird
I receiv'd alfo from the fame hand the follow- be feen \ fo in the evening not a bird fhall
appear,
ing Infcription, copy'd from a ftone amongft next morning the rocks fhall be full.
and the
They
Dogmael. the ruins of the Abbey of St. Dogmael ;
which and flay a
St. alfo vi/it us commonly about Chrifimas,
he defcribes to be feven foot in length, week or more, and then take their leave till breeding-
breadth, and fix inches thick. time. Three forts of thefe Migratory birds are call'd
in IVelfh, Mora, Poeth-wy, and Pal ; in Englifl,

Eligug, Razorbil, and Puffin ; to which we may

alfo add the Harry-bird; though I cannot at pre-

SASRANIFILI fent affure you, whether this bird comes and

goes off

with the
CV/VOTAMI reft.

Tlie f Eligug lays but one egg; which (as well

as -f Lomm'ut

tlxfe of the Puffin and Razorbil) a big as * «g^?

Duck's, but longer, and fmaller at one end. From " *

c JJ' (i _
'

this egg fbe never parts (unlefs forced) till

(he hatches n Corn wll
,
The words [Cunotami] I take
latter of thefe to follow her t is call'd a
it, nor then till the young one be able ; j

to be a Britifli name, and the fame with what Tins and tbeKiU<m,_*rA
being all the while fed by the male.
We call Kynedha or Kynedhav but the former Razorbil breed upon the bare rocks, makini
;

that ||
""^ st7u, it
is a name which I cannot parallel with any
manner ofnefl; and fometimes in fuch a place, '*<» vvilloughby's
are now extant in our Ge-
d thence, the eggor youngone (wWj Ornithology,
usM, or that are
being frighten
nealogical Manufcripts. narrow fhel- pag. 32+. _
before was upheld by the breafl, upon a
Barrows. In this County, are divers ancient Tumuli,
v.ngrock) tumbles into the fea. The
or artificial Mounts for Urn-burial, whereof Harry-bird breed in holes, either thoje of Rabbets
?^* »*lf&X
t ad CHl ^ m _
the mod notable I have feen, are thofe four (wherewith Ramfey is abundantly furnifl d, all urrc Cor- M
call'd Krigeu Kemaes, or the Barrows of Kemaes. Tfenubienf.
black) or fuch as they dig with their beaks.
One of thefe, a Gentleman of the neighbour- Harry-birds are never feen on land, but when taken; 3*£ "'^
* Mr. Lloyd hood *, out of curiofity, and for the fatisfaccion
and the manner of taking thefe and the Puffins,
is -

Kwm aka Ckl ;>

f fome friends, caus'd lately to be dug ; and
of wherein p rat ercul»
Glom. commonly by planting nets before their berries,
difcover'd therein five Urns, which contain'd they Theft four forts cannot Gefneri.
foon entangle themfelves.
a confiderable quantity of burnt bones
and aihes. '%
w,ng, from the land; but, ™i|- P-3^
raife themfelves upon the
One of thele Urns, together with the bones
if at any dtflance from the cliffs, waddle (fir tbey^ "*•£
and aibes it contain'd, was prefented to the well faid to go, their legs being too infirm Tho Brown.
cannot be ,

Aflmolean Repofiory at Oxford, by the

worfhip-
forthat and placed much more backward than a via.
ufe,
?.-),*.
I (hall
ful John Philips of D«l Haidh, Efquire. Duck's, fo that they feem to fland upright)
tefometio. ult.

not pretend to determin what Nation theft precipice, and thence cafl themfelves off, and take
Barrows did belong to ; though from the rude- wing but from the water they will raife
to any
mattei
nefs of the Urns, as well in refpeft of height. The Puffin lays three white eggs ; the reft
»s falllion, fome might fufped them
rather
but one, fpeckled, &c.
Barbarous than Roman. But we know not much more of the other birds that
He adds
how unskilful fome Artifts amongft the Romans frequent thefe Rocks and alfo gives a fhort ;

might be, efpecially in thefe remote parts of remarkable in this

account of feveral things
the Province, where probably not many of them. being confin'd within narrow li-
befides military perfons, ever fettled. Another County ; but them. The firft
mits, I mail only feleft two of
Urn was found not many years fince, in a is of a narrow deep pond, or rather pit, near
Barrow in the Pariill and one very
of Melineu, which by their
the
|

fea-fide, and fome Cliffs

lately on a mountain not far from Kil Rhedyn. whereof he gives the
noife prefage ftorms, &c.
But feeing the deiign of this Work is not
following relation.
confin'd to Antiquities and Civil Hiftory, but Bofherfton,
fometimes, for the Reader's diverfion, is ex- Near Stack-pool Bofher, otherwife
or pit call'd Bomerfton-
to fuch occurrences in Nature, as upon the fea-fide, is a pool
tended alfo have funded,
feem more efpecially remarkable ; I hope it
mear ; the depth whereof, feveral that
yet difcover'd. This pit bubbles and foams,
may be excufable if I add here fome few ob- have not flermy weather, that ,t
and fhall therefore and makes fuch a noife
before
servations in that kind .-

The banks are 0} no

above ten miles off.
communicate part of a Letter from my inge- is heard but broader down-
peat circumference at the top,
nious Friend, the Reverend Mr. Nicholas Roberts, a great breach
wards and from the bottom, there is
Reftor of Lhan Dhewi Velfrey, which
;
A. M. about a furlong diflant.
towards the fea, which is
contains an account of fome migratory Sea-birds bubbling, and the extraordinary
So that, confidering the
that breed in the Ifle of Ramfey, with fome fiormy weather, 1 am
noife this pit makes againft
other relations that feem remarkable. have a fubterraneous commu-
apt to faffed it may
Over-againfl Juftinian'j Chapel, and fiparated But there is much more
nication with the fea-water.
Ramfey from it by a narrow Fretum, is
Ramfey-Iiland
trouble you with at
talk'd of this place, than I flail
(tall'd formerly Ynis Devanog from
Ifland. a Chapel there
prefent, becaufe I take fome relations of it for fabu-
Udhatedto that Saint, now fwallo-w' d up bythefea)
765 P EN B ROKSHI RE. 766
hut ; and living remote from it my felj, I luvue had no liam de Valemia iucceeded his fon Audo?nar, who
opportunities of being fatisjy'd of the truth from others. was Governour of Scotland under King Ed-
Its wife is diftincily known from that of the fea ward the firft. His lifter and coheir Elizabeth,
which alfo on theft cvafts often roars very loud. And being marry 'd to John Lord Haftings, brought
the neighbouring inhabitants to the fea, can give a this title into a new family. For Law rence r

fljrewd guefs -what weather will enfue by the noife it Haftings his grandchild by a fon, who was Lord
makes. For when it proceeds from fuch a Creek of Abergavenny, was made Earl of Penbroke
or Haven, they will exp eel this or that fort of
wea- by a Refcript of King Edward the third; a
ther will follow. And by thefe Obfervations, I have copy of which it may not be amifs to fubjoyn
been told the evening before, what weather we fhould here, that we may fee what right there w as, bv r

have next day ; which has happen d very true j and heks-female, in thefe honorary titles. Rex om-
that not once, as by chance, but often. nibus ad auos, &c. falutem. Know ye, that the
The other, is a fort of Food, made in feve- good prefages of wifdom and virtue, which we have
ral parts of this County, of a Sea-plant, which, form'd from the towardly youth and happy beginnings
by the defcription I hear of ir, I take to be the of our well beloved Ciufin Lawrence Haftings, de~
Oyfler-green or Leiluca marina. This cuftom I fervedly induce us to countenance him with our efpecial
find obtains alfo in Glamorgan (hi re (where it grace and favour, in thoje things which concern the
is call'd Laverbread) as alfo in fevcral parts of due prefervation and maintenance of his honour.
Scotland and Ireland, and probably in fome Whereas therefore, the inheritance of Aimar 0/ Va-
Counties of England. lence, fometime Earl of Penbroke (deceas'd long
Near St. David's (fays he) efpecially at Eglwys face without heir begotten of his body) hath been de-
Abernon, and in other places, they gather, in the voh d upon his fiflers, to be proportionably divided
fpring-time, a kind of Alga or jea-weed, with which among them and their heirs : and becaufe we know
they make a fort of food call'd Lhavan or Lhaw- for certain, that the forefaid Lawrence, who fuc-
van, in Englifh Black butter. Having gather d ceedeth the faid Aimar in part of the inheritance, is
the weed, they wafh it clean from fund and flime, defended from the eldefl fifler of Aimar aforefaid,
and fweat it between two tile-flones ; then they fined and fo, by the avouching of the learned, whom we
it jmall, and knead it well, as they do dough for confulted in this matter, the Prerogative both of name
bread, and make it up into great balls or rolls, which and honour is due unto him : We deem it
jufl and
fome eatraw, and others, fry'd with oatmeal and due, that the fame Lawrence, claiming his title
butter. It is accounted fover eign againfl all diflem- from the elder fifler, affume and have the name of
pers of the liver and fpleen : and the late Dr. Owen Earl of Penbroke, which the faid Aimar had
affur'd me, that he found relief from it in the acuteft whilfl he liv'd. Which, as much as lyeth in us,
fits of the flone.~\ we confirm, ratify, and approve : willing and grant-
Earls of Pen- There have been divers Earls of Penbroke ing, that the faid Lawreace have and hold the Pre-
broke. defcended from feveral families. As for Ar- rogative and honour of Earl-Palatine, in thofe lands
nulph of Montgomery, who firft conquer'dit, and which he holdeth of the faid Aimar' j inheritance ; a&
was afterwards out-law'd j and his Caflellan Gi fully, and after the fame manner, m the fame Ai-
raid [of Windfor~\ whom King Henry the firft mar had and held them, at the time of his death,
made afterwards Preiident over the whole coun- &C. Witnejs the King at Montmartin, the i^th
try ; I can fcarce affirm that they were Earls. day of October, in the 13th year of his reign.
King Stephen firft confer'd the title of Earl of This Lawrence Haftings was fucceeded by his
Penbroke upon Gilbert Strongbow fon of Giflebert fon John, who being taken by the Spaniards in
de Clare. He left it to his fon Richard Strong- and afterwards redeem'd, dy'd in
a fca-fight,
bow, the Conqueror of Ireland ; who was (as France in the year 1375. To him fucceeded
Giraldus has it) c Clara Ciarenfium familia his fon John, who was kill'd in a Tournament
criundus, defcended from the famous family &t Wood/lock in the year 155*1. And it was
of the Clares. Ifabella the only daughter of this
obierv'd of this family, that (by a certain par-
Earl, brought this title to her husband William ticular Fate) no father ever faw his fon, for Eve
Marfldal (fo call'd, for that his Anceftors had generations. He leaving no ilfue, feveral con-
been hereditary Marfhals of the King's Palace,) fiderable Revenues devolved to the Crown ; and
a very accomplifh'd perfon, and well inftrufted the Caftle of Pt_nbroke was granted to Francis
in the arts of peace and war. Of whom we At-court, a Courtier of that time in great fa-
End this Epitaph in Rudburn's Annals vour ; who, upon this account, was commonly
:

call'd Lord of Penbroke. And not long after,

Sum auem Satumum
fibi fenfit Hibemia, So- John Duke of Bedford, and after him his bro-
lem ther Humfrey Duke of Glocefter, fons of King
Mercurium Nbrmannia, Gallia Mar- Henry the fourth, obtain'd the fame title. Af-
Anglia,
ton. ter that, William de la Pole was made Marquifs
of Penbroke ; upon whofe deceafe King Henry
Me Mars the French, their Sun the Englifh the fixth created Jafper de Hatfield his brother
own'd, by the mother's fide, Earl of Penbroke ; who,
The Normans Mercury, Irifh Saturn found. being afterwards diverted of all his Honours
by King Henry the fourth, was fucceeded by
After him, his five fons were fucceflively Earls William Herbert, who was kill'd in the battel
of Penbroke viz. William,
; call'd the younger at Banbury. To him fucceeded a fon of the
Richard, w ho having rebell'd againft Henry the fame name, whom Edward the fourth, having
third, fled into Ireland, where he dy'd in bat- recover'd his Kingdom, created Earl of
Hun-
tel ; Gilbert, who at a tournament at Ware was , conferring the title of Earl of Penbroke

unhors'd, and fo kill'd ; and Walter and Anfeh on his eldeft fon Edward Prince of Wales. A
All thefe dying in a fhort fpace without ilfue long time after that, King Henry the eighth
King Henry the third invefted with the honour entitled Anne of Bullen (whom he had betroth'd)
of this _ Earldom William dep'alentia, of the fa- Marchionefs of Penbroke. At laft King Ed-
mily of Lnftgnia in Poitliers, who was his own ward the fixth,
f in our memory, invefted Wil-^ So faid,
brother by the mother's fide , and marry 'd liam Herbert, Lord of Caer-Diff, with the fameann. 1607.
Joan, the daughter of Gwarin de Mont Chenfey title. He was fucceeded by his fon Henry, who
by a daughter of William Marfhal. To Wil- Was Prefident of Wales under Queen Elizabeth;
* after
 \l»'^-

161 DIMETJE. 768

* And now, * after whom his fon William, a perfon of ex- enjoys the tides of Earl of Penbroke and Mont-
*-•
traordinary Accomplifliments both of body and gomery.!
f Enjoys, C.mind, \ en joy 'd that honour. ["Upon the death This family of the Herberts is very noble, end Origin of the
or William, the honour of Earl ot Penbroke def- ancient, in thefe parts of Wales. For they &e- Herberts.
cended to Philip Herbert, who was alfo Earl of rive their pedigree from Henry Fitz,- Herbert,
Montgomery, and was fucceeded by Philip his Chamberlain to King Henry the hrft, who mar-
fon. After whofe death, William his fon and ry'd that King's Concubine, mother of Reginald
||
|| Amsdam,
heir fucceeded ; as did, upon his death, Philip Earl of Comwal, as I am inrorm'd by Mr. Ro-
Herbert) halt-brother to the Iafl William ; to bert Glover, a perfon of great knowledge in
whom fucceeded Thomas his only brother, a Genealogies ; by whofe untimely deceafe Ge-
perfon of great Virtue and Learning, who now nealogical Antiquities have fufter'd extremely.

Parishes in this County 145.

CARDIGANSHIRE.
HE Shores^ obliquely retiring was plurimn Gentium Imperator, Prince or Sove-
from OBopitarum or St. David's raign of many Countries.! However, let us
Promontory toward the Eaft, take a curfory view of fuch places as are of any
receive the Sea into a vail Bay, Antiquity.
much of the form of a halt- The river Teivi, call'd by Ptolemy Tuerobim Tuerobim, or
moon i on which lies the third (corruptly for Dwr Teivi, which ligniries the t5ie «*«
Divifion of the Dimeta, call'd Teivi water,) fprings out of the lake Lhyn Teivi, TeiVU
by the Englifh Cardigan/hire, in Britifh Sir Aber under the Mountains already mention'd. At
Teivi, and by Latin Writers, Ceretica. If any firft, it is by rocks ; and, rumbling
retarded
King Car at a- fhall fuppofe it to be denominated from King among the ftones without any chanel, takes its
cas -
Caratacus, his conjecture may feem to proceed courfe through a very flony tract (near which
rather from a fond Opinion of his own, than the Mountaineers have, at Ros, a very great Ros Fair*
fromany Authority of the Ancients. And yet we Fair for Cattel,) to Stratfleur, a Monaftery here- Stratfleur,
read, that the fame renowned Prince Caratacus tofore of the Cluniack Monks, and encompafs'd Strata fiorida,

\ See below, rul'd in f thefe parts. On the weft, towards the on all fides with mountains.
Sea, it is a champain Country ; as alfo to the From hence, being receiv'd into a chanel, it

fouth, where the river Teivi divides it from runs by Ire Garon, and by than Dhewi Brcvi, Xre' Garon.
Caer-Mardhin-Shire. But to the eaft and north, a Church dedicated to the memory of St. Da- Lhan Dhewi
where borders on Brecknock/hire and Montgo- vid Bifhop ot Menevia, and thence denomina- Br evi.
it

meryshire, there is a continued ridge or Moun- ted. Where in a full Synod, he confuted the
tains, which however afford good pafture for Pelagian herefy, at that time reviving in Bri-
Sheep and Cattel ; and in the valleys whereof tain ; and that not only out of holy Scripture,
are feveral lakes, or natural ponds. That this but likewife by Miracle ; for it is reported,
country was planted formerly, not with Cities that the ground on which he flood preaching,
but fmall Cottages, is gathered Tby fomel trom mounted up to a hillock under his feet.
that faying of their Prince Caratacm, who when TThis Synod for fuppreffion of the Pelagian MS. of Mr.
he was a captive at Rome, having view'd the Herefie, was held about the year 522. For we R vaughano{ -

Zonaras. Splendour and Magnificence of that City, faid,
Seeing you have theje and fucb like noble flmBures,
why do you covet our fmall cottages ? fit indeed this
was fubject to King CaraElacm; which feems not
n Swrt'
find in fome Britifri Records, that St. £>«£n-
cius Archbifhop of Caer-Lbeion, having affift.ed
at the Synod, and refign'd his Bifhoprick to
St. David, betook himfelf that year (together

evident from any place in TaestHi or other Au- with molt of the Clergy who had met on that
thor. For we find no mention ot the names occafion) to a Monaftery at Tnys Enlhi *, where * Bardfev-
of thofe Countries under his Dominion, unlefs being free from the noife of the World, they Wand,
we may prefume the Silures, his Subjects, from might, with lefs interruption, devote the re-
12.', thefe words of Tacitus, hum inde in Siluras, mainder of their lives to the fervice of God.
Annal. 1. 2
fuper propriam ferociam Cara&aci viribm confifos : Of this retirement of St. Dubricius and his
i, e. From thence to the Silures, who befides followers, mention is made alfo by an eminent
their own natural fiercenefs, rely'd on the Poet J of that age, in thefe w ords
r
: f Aneurin
Moreover, though Gwawdydh
ftrength of Carablacm, &c.
[jxliit Gwaw
we fliould grant him to have been King of the Pan oedh Saint Senedh Bhrevi,
drudb'}
Dimetx, yet they who are concern'd for the an- Ds-ivy arch y propbvjydi, Mychdeyrn
cient reputation of this Country, may fairly Ay ol gwiw bregeth Dewi, Beirdh. i. c.

Tn myned Aneurin the

urge, that though they accept of the authority i Tnys Enlhi, &c.
Satyrift,K.ing
of Zonaras, who Uv'd a thoufand years after, of Bards.
yet nothing can be collected from that Speech At Church of Lhan Dhe-wi Brevi, I ob-
this

of CaraBacus, that may prove this Country to
have been more poorly inhabited in thofe times,
than other Provinces, feeing he only fpeaks in
general of the Countries in his Dominion, and
chat we find by ills Speech in Tacitus, that he
ferv'd an ancient Infcription on a Tomb-ftone,
which is doubtlefs remov'd from the place
where it was firft laid, it being now fet above
the Chancel-door.

Upon
 ;

76 9 CARDIGANSHIRE. 770

!—f-hic i#ceciciNeR-c~Ru\/jT
CJVI OCCIi"VJ FVIT PRO/'TCRP-"
SHHCTl
Upon a Review of this Monument, it ap- fide ; which feems (as well as fome others on
pears that the vacant Spaces at the end of each Crofles ) to confift wholly of Abbreviations.
line, are fupplied, by adding to the firft,ACO- What it may import, I fhall not pretend to
BI; to the fecond, REDAM; and to the third explain ; but fhall add neverthelefs a Copy of
DAWID. it, leaving the fignification to the Reader's
There is alfo another old Infcription on a conjecture.
Stone ereded by the Church-door, on the out-

+-CEHLI5im6rd5
The Sexton of this place fhew'd me a Rarity to have received the addition of Brevi, feeing
by the name of Matkornyr fch bannag, or Mat- the Latin word Primus is commonly exprefled
korn ych Dewi ; which he told me had been in Welfh by Priv ; and fo, Forma, Fyrv ; Tttrma
preferv'd there ever fince the time of St. David Twrvi Terminus, Tervyn, Sec. Another Roman
adding the fabulous tradition of the Oxen Epitaph, circumicrib'd with lines, in the fame
call'd Tchen bannog, which I fhall not trouble manner as this is, may be feen in * Remejius.* Syntax. In^
the Reader with, as being no news to fuch as The Letter C revers'd (as in the firft, place of*""* CI. 3.
live in Wales, nor material information to this Infcription ) denotes frequently Cata, but LS"^'
others. fometimes alfo Cuius, as may be feen in the fame
This Matkom, however, feem'd to me a very t Author.
1

remarkable Curiofity. For if it be not really f P. 722.

(as the name implies) the intcriour horn of an S E P R M I O, &c ON
Ox, it very much refembles it ; and yet it is
fo weighty that it feems abfoiutely petrified. It This Note or Character
[3] added to the firft,
is full of large cells or holes ; and the circum fifth, fixth and laft letters, is fometimes ob-
ference of it at the root, is about feventeen ferv'd in other Roman Inferiptions As for,,
inches.
||.
R f
the fecond letter of this Infcription, we hare
p. 75c.
Whilft I was copying the Inferiptions abovi frequent examples, on ftones and coins, of that
mention'd, a Country-man told me there was form of the letter A. In * Reinefius, we find
*'Pag.?.
another at a houfe call'd Lbannio ifav, in this this Infcription :

parifh, diftant about a mile from the Church.

Being come thither, I found thefe two Inferip- HERCVLI. L. ARTIVS, &c.
tions, and was inform 'd that feveral others had
been difcover'd by digging, but that the ftones
which that learned Critick di'refts us to read
were applied to fome ufes, and the Inferiptions
Herculi Lartitts ; but feeing we find litre alfo the
not regarded.
name of Arthis, peradventure that correction
was fuperfluous.
Befides Inferiptions of the Romans, they
fometimes find here their Coins; and frequent-
ly dig-up bricks and large free-Hone neatly
wrought. The place where thefe Antiquities
are found, is cali'd Kae'r Keftilh, which figni-
fies Caftle- Field, or to fpeak more diftinfily, the
MaeV gareg
ymj uwch
ENNIVS Field of theCajilcs though at prefent there re-
;

mains not above-ground the lead fign of any-

ben drws y
nor have there been any (for what
Glowty. PRIMVS> building :

I could learn) within the memory of any per-

fon now living in the neighbourhood, or of

their Fathers or Grandfathers. However, fee-
ing it is thus call'd, and that it affords alfo fuch
manifeft tokens of its being once inhabited by

the Romans, we have little reafon to doubt,

Q VERIO Nil
but that
a
they had a Fort or Garrifon, if not
confiderable Town, at this place.
being granted, it will alfo appear highly pro-
bable, that what we now Call Lhannio, was the
And that

fame viJi that which Ptolemy places in

very
the Country of the Dimeta, by the name of
The firft I read Caij Artij Mawbus [or per- f Lovant'mum, or (as it is other wife read) Lo-
haps memories] Ennius Primus, From which vantium. If any fhall urge, that to fuppofe + See s" ck '
name oiPrimus,! take the Church of Lhan-Dewi it only a Caftle, and not a City or Town oi'c^'l and
I
E notejLve*
77
VIMETM. n<i
note, is it not to have been the
to grant old made a defcent upon Ireland, and though with

Lcvantium anfwer, that perhaps we do but a fmall army, yet very fuccefstully ; and was the
; I

commit a vulgar Error, when we take all the firft of the Normans, who by his valour made
Stations in the Itinerary, and Burroughs of Pto- way for the
Englifh-Conqueft of that King-
lemy, for conliderable Towns or Cities ; it be- dom.
ing not improbable, that many of them were
From the mouth of the Teivi, the fhore,
gradually, is wafh'd by feveral rivulets.
only Forts or Calllcs with the addition of a few retiring
Houfes, as occafion requir'd.] Amongit them, that which Ptolemy calls Stuc-Succtia, or
riv "
+ ;.<r.toLan- Thus t far, and fafther, the river Teivi runs da, at the upper end of the County, deferves^f P™*' '
deui-trevi. fout hward, to Lhkn-Bedr, a (mall
Market-town. our notice ; the name whereof is ftill preferved
Lhan-Bedr. by the common People, who call it Tfiwyth.
p rom whence directing it's courfe to the weft,
falling over a the fource of this river, there are Lead-
Near
it makes a broader chanel, and
mines, ffeveral of which have been difcovered
*InPemMt-fteep precipice, * near Kil-Garan, makes
that
fcire. Salmon-Leaf which I have already t mention
d. within the memory of man in this part of the
MGaran. Q1 this river (,ounds with Salmon, and was Counry ; but the moft conliderable that has
p .

Giraldus been found in our time ( either here, or in

L'tVUle- formerly the only river in Britain (as
tween Ken- fupDofe'd) that bred Beavers. Beaver is an any other part of the Kingdom ) is that of
A
a Butch yr Eskir hlr, difcover'd Anno io"po, which Bwkh yr
tnartb and amphibious animal, having the fore-feet like
Lban.Dug- Ana. but footed behind like a goofe, of a dark was lately the poileffion
of Sir Carbury Pryfe of Eskir h r - '

Gogerdhan, Baronet ; who dying without iffue,

Bearerj. gray colour, with an oblong flat cartilaginous
\, which, in
(Summing, it makes ulc of to and the title being extinct, was fucceeded in
Giraldus makes feveral re- this eftate of Gogerdhan, by Ed-ward Pryfe,
foil of
fteer it's courfe.
of Lhan Vred, Efq. The Ore
marks upon the fubtilty of this creature ;.but Thomas Pryfe
at this time there are none of
them found here. here was fo nigh the furface of the Earth, that
the au- (as I have been credibly informed ) the mo(s
["However, though we may not rely on
Giraldus in many things he relates and grafs did in fome places but juft cover it;
thority of
(as one who wrote in an age lefs cautious
and which feems to add credit to that place of Pli-
accurate, and when nothing pleas'd fo much ny Nat. Hift. lib. 3+ c. 17. — —Nigroplm
what excited the admiration of the Reader;) bo ad fijlulas lamindjque utinmr, labonofus in Hi-
as
skin be' fpania eruto: fed in Britannia fummo terra corio,
yet in this cafe, the price of a Beaver's
adeo large, ut lex ultra dicatur, plus certo modo m
ing mention'd in the Laws of Howl Dha,
there

remains no reafon to queftion his veracity. And fiat ; in Britain it lies on the Surface of

proofs that there the Earth fo plentifully, that there is a Law, that
in cafe there had been no fuch
;

more pall not be made, than a certain quantity pre-

were formerly Beavers in this Kingdom, there
it, in that there are two fcribed- But becaufe there is a Map of thefe
is no room to doubt
well known Lead-mines, published by Mr. William Waller,
or three Ponds or Lakes in Wales,
Lhyn yr Avangk, together with a larger account of them than
at this day, by the name of
The vulgar of our age.fcarce can be expected here, it feems needlefs to add
i. e. Beaver-pool.
and any more on this fubjecVl
know what creature that Avangk was ;

therefore- fome have been perfwaded,

that it was At the mouth of the Teivi, is the moft po-
heretofore haun- pulous Town of the whole County, call'd Aler-
a Phantom or Apparition which
name, I THimth which was alfo fortified with walls by
ted Lakes and Rivers. As for the
;
-:,... 'j n:i*.~,> rt»v a
the above-mention'd Gilbert Clare, and de-
,

take it for granted that it is derived

from the
Avon, which fignifics a River, and fup- fended a long time by Walter Beck an English-
word againft the Welfh- Near this place, ^is
pofe it only an abbreviation of the word Avo- man,
Great St. Patent's, Lhan-Ba-
(a Fox, ) fig- Lhan-Bddarn-Vawr, i. e.
nog, i. e. Fluviatilis ; as Lhwymg
nilies Sylvaticus, from Lhwyn,
Sylva. And as who (as we read in his life) was an Armorican, darn-Vaivr.
and fed it
controver- and govern d the Church here by feeding,
for the fignification, it is not to be
fome old Poets fo defcribing it, that by governing.
To whofe memory a Church and
ted ; but the Bi-
Bilhop's See was here confecrated :

they evidently meant a Beaver.

fome fhoprick (as Roger Hovedim writes)
fell to de-
Beaftsin Befides the Beaver, we have formerly had People had moft barba-
Wales. other Eeafls in Wales, which have
been long cay long fince ; for that the
their Paftor. At the fame place the
fince totally deftroyed. As, firft, Wolves; con- reufty fain
felt into the Ocean Rhcldiol.
river Rlmdiol alfo cafts it ;

cerning which we read in Meirienydli-Jhire ; as from that very high

Secondly, Roe- having taken it's courfe
alfo in Derbyfllire and Torkfhire.
(ieep hill, l'lin-Lhyinmon ; which
is the
Welfh Iyrchoi; which have given and
Bucks, call'd in
bound of the north part of the County, and
names to feveral places ; as Bryn yr Iwrch, Phy- thofe two noble ri-
Thirdly," The gives rife, befides this, to
Thirdly
nonyr Iwrch, Lhwyn lurch, &c. and Wye.
vers we have already mention'd, Severn
'

Wild-Boar, of which mention is made by Dr. the river Dfvy,

laft- Not very far from Aber-fftwyth,
Oavies, at the end of his Dictionary. And County and Merio-
ly, I have offered fome
Arguments to prove the boundary betwixt this
difcharg'd into the Ocean.
were heretofore
alfo that Bears
natives of this nydhfhirc, is alio
["There are likewife in this Country, feveral
Pag. 13- Ifland, which may be feen in Mr. Ray's Synopfts
fuch ancient Stone-Monuments as we have
ob-
Methodica Animalium auadrupeduml\ whereof I
ferv'd in the preceding Counties,
Cardigan. Scarce two miles from Kit Garan, lies Cardi- feen, be-
fhall briefly mention fuch as I have
call'd by the Britains Aber Teivi, i. e. fat
'

tan ;
fome refpect from thofe
It caufe they may differ in
vimouth, the chief Town of this County.
by Gilbert, the foil of Richard already defcrib'd.
was fortified
Lhich )r Aft, in the parifh of Lhan Goedmor, LhiA yt
Clare : but bring afterwards treafonably fur-
is a vaftrude ftone of
about eight or nine yards Alt.
render 'd, it was laid wafte by Rhys ap Gryffydh,
and at leaft half a yard thick.
Robert F,tx.-Stefhen, whom in circumference,
Frz.SOThen.and the Governour the one fide of it on
fome was taken priloner who It is placed inclining ;
call Stephanides, :

the ground, the other fupported

after he had remained a long time
cy of the enrag'd Welfh, was at
leas'd ; but compell'd to refign
all bis poffeffions in
Wales.
by a Pillar of
at the mer
I have feen a Monu-
length re about three foot high.
this, near Lhan Edern in
into their hands ment fomewhat like
a name of the
Whereupon, h Glamorganfhire, call'd alfo by
fame
 773 CARDIGANSHIRE, 74
fame figmfication G%mI y Vifaft, which affords above-ground. I talce this, and all others of this
no information to the curious ; as fignifyini kind, to be old heathen Monuments, and am.
only the Bitch-Kennel, becaufe it might ierv far from believing that Ta-lief.n was inter'd
for fuch Mi'-.-. Gtvdl y p'ilajl is fuch a rude nere.
done os this, but much longer, and fome what But to proceed from theft- barbarous Monu-
of an oval form, about four yards in length, ments (which yet! fake to be no more rude than
and tvo in breadth, fupported at one end by thofe ot our neighbour nations, before they were
a ftone about two foot high, fomewhat of the conquv-r'd by the Romans^ to fomcthing that
fame form (though much more rude) as thofe was later and more civilized I fliatl here add
;

we find at the head and feet of graves in Coun-
try Churches. There is alfo by this Lhech yr
Aft, fuch another Monument, but much leis
and lower ; and five beds ( fuch as we call
Kiftieu Mam, but not cover'd) fcarce two yards
long, of rude ilones pitch'd in the ground
an Infcription which I lately copied from a large
rude itone in pcnbryn Parift], not far from the
Church. It flood nor long fince (as I was in-
form'd) in a fmall heap ot ftones, clofe. by the
place where it now lies on the ground. The flone
is as hard a.s marble, and the letters large and

as likewife a circular area of the fame kind very fair, and dee^r iucr.i/d than ordinary;
of ilones, the diameter whereof is about four but what they u'gmfiej I tear mult be "left to
yards; but moft ot the ftoues of this circle are the Reader's conjecture.
now fallen and, about fix yards from it, there
: I mutt confefs, at firfl view, I thought I
lies a ftone on the ground, and another beyond
might venture to read it, Cor Balencii jacit Or-
dopti ; and to interpret it, The heart of Valeniius
that, at the fame diftance, which doubtlefs be-
long to
it. of North-Wales lies here; fuppofing that fuch a
Meineu h Meineu hirion near Neuodh (the feat of the perfon might have been flain there in battel.
rion. worfhipful David Parry Efq; not many years In old Infcriptions we often find the letter B.
fince High-Sheriff of Penbrokefhire) are per- ufed for V. as Balerius for Valerius, Bixjit for
haps fome remaining pillars of fuch a circular Vtxfit, Militabit for Militwvit, &c. and tire word
{tone-monument (though much larger) as that Ordous I thought not very remote from Ordo-
defcribed in Caer-Mardhin-fhire, by the name vices. But I am not fatisfied with this notion
of Meini gW'yr. of it my felf, much lefs do I expect that o-
Meini Kyv- Meini Kyvrivol ( or the numerary Stones) near thers fhould acquiefce in it.
rlvol. the fame place, feem to be alfo the remains
of fome fuch barbarous Monument. They
are nineteen ft ones lying on the ground con-
tufedly, and are therefore called Meineu Kyvrtvoll
by the vulgar, who cannot eafily number them;'
of which two only feem to have been pitch'd
CORgALf^HACIT
|

Lliech y
on end.
Lh$ch y Gowres * (a Monument known
well
ORDovc,
Gowres. alfo in this neighbourhood) feems much more
* Id eft, Sax "

worthy our obfervation being an exceeding!

;
um fxminx
sham ex. vaft Hone, placed on four other very large pillars [

or fupporters, about the height of five or fix In this fame Parifh of Penbryn, was found
foot. Befides which four, there are two others fome years fince, a Britifh gold coyn, weighing
pitch'd on end under the top-ltone, but much (I fuppoie) above a Guinea and 'belonging to
;

lower, fo that they bear no part of the weight. John William*, Efquire, of Aber Nam bychan,
There are alfo three {tones (two large ones, and who was pleas'd'to fend me the figure of it,
behind thofe a lefler) lying on the ground at that is now inferred amongfl fome other Anti-
each end of this Monument and at fome di- quities at the end of thefe Counties of Wales.
:

fiance, another rude {tone, which has proba- From this, and many others that are found
bly fome reference to it. This Lhich y Gowres in feveral places of this Kingdom, it it mani-
{lands on fuch a fmall bank or riling, in a plain teft the Britains had gold and filver coyns of
open field, as the five Ilones near the circular their own, before the Roman Conqueft unlefs ;

Monument called Rolricb jlones in Oxford- fuch as contend for the contrary, can make it
ihire. appear that thefe coyns were brought in by
Hir vaen H)r vaen g\vydhog f, is a remarkable Pillar a- the Phoenicians, or fome other trading Nation,
gwydhog. bout fixteen foot high, three foot broad, and which I think no man has yet attempted. For
+ Id eft, Co- two thick. It is erected on the top of a moun- feeing fuch of thefe Coyns as want Infcriptions,
lojfus confpi'
tain, in the confines of the parifhes of Kelhan are always a little hollow on the one fide, and
CUUS.
and Lhan y Kr\\'ys, and is at prefent (tor what have alio impreffions or characters ( if I may
end foever it was firfl fet-up ) the mere-flone fo call them) different from thofe of Roman
or boundary betwixt this County and Caer- and all other Coyns it is very plain, that the
;

Mardhin-ffiire. Not far from it, is Maen y fren- art ot coyning them was not learn 'dof the Ro-
vol, which I have not feen, but fuppofe, from mans for if fo, we had not met with thefe unin-
:

the name, to be a Monument of the fame kind telligible Characters on them, but Roman let-
that we call Kiftvaen for Prenvol in this coun- ters, fuch as, by fome coyns off Cajjivelaunus Brit.
;
Kaf-
f
try (in North-Wales Prennol) iignifies a fmall and Cmobelin, we find they made ufe of after walhawn, and
coffer or chefl. their Conqueft.] Kynvelyn.
Gwely Talie- Gwely Taliefm, in the parifh of Lhan-Vih angel The Normans had fcarce fettled their con- Lords of Car;
fin.
by its name and the tradition of
geneiir glyn, queft in Britain, when they affail'd this Coafc iigan.
the neighbours concerning it, ought to be the with a Navy and that with good fuccefs. For
;

H eft, Tolif grave of the celebrated Poet Taliefin ben beirdh, time of William Rufus, they got the fea-
in the
Jinus protova- who fiourifh'd about the year 540. This grave coalts, by degrees, out of the Welshmen's hands:
or bed (for that is the iiguification of the word but granted the greatefl part of it to Kadwgan
G-wely) feems alfo to be a fort of Kift-vaen, four ap^Blcdhyn, a Britain, noted for Wifdom, and
foot in length, and three in breadth ; compofed of great interefl throughout all Wales, and at
of four {tones, one at each end, and two fide- the fame time in much favour with the Eng-
ftones ; the higheft of which is about a foot lifi. But his fon Ou-en, proving a rafh
youth,
77S
D I MET A, 776
annoying the to his own, was unexpectedly and on a fudden
youth, and a hater of Peace, and
lately fettled ftab'd by his nephew Madok. After that, Ro-
Englifh, and the Flemings who had
the unhap- ger de Clare received Cardiganfhire, by the mu-
there, with continual excurfibtlS ; but Ri-
of his Inheritance, and nificence of King Henry the fecond :

py father was depriv'd

offences of his (on, who
forced to fuffer for the
himfclf contained to leave his na-
chard Earl of Clare (his fon, if I miftake not)
being Haiti in his journey hither by land Rhys,
;

was alfo
Prince of South-Wales, after he had with his
tive Country, and to flee into Ireland. King
Cardi- victorious Army made a great (laughter of the
Henry the firft granted this County of fubjedion.
Garrifotis in Englifh, reduced it at laft" under his
gan to Gilbert Clare, who planted with-
it, and fortified
feveral Caftles. But Kadwgan, However, it fell afterwards by degrees,
received out any blood-filed, into the hands of thtEnglijb-
with his fon Owen, being afterwards °f
\Tbomas Brudenel, Baron Brudenel of Stougli-^
<:•':
all his Lands
into favour by the Englifh, had
Notwithftanding this, Owen ton, was created Earl of Cardigan by King"*"-
reftored to him.
returning again to his old ways,
and railing Charles the fecond, April 20. i<56i, upon whofe
death Robert his fon fucceeded in his eftate and
new Troubles, was (lain by Girald of Penbrdke,
had * rav.fhed His ta- titles :which Robert hath been alfo fucceeded
*«,«»,.. whofe wife Nefla he Earl ;
England, ex- by George his Grandfon, the prefent
ther being carried pnfoner into in the life-
pefted for a long time a better
change of For- Francis Lord Brudenel his fon, dying
time of his Father.]
tune ; and being at laft in his old age reftored

ORDI-
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
 o
a
,o
777 778

. L iuan wno has Iiv'd there

%
^..amua inrorms many years, adds this further account : The
us; -were much efteem'd, as well fur the Jbape and main Fort which was on the highelt part of
+ Memhrosa fiatelinefs t> as the irtamparablejwifinefs, which na- the hill, was built quadrangularly, and encom-
ilia majsllare.f H ;- e had given them. pafs'd with a ftrong wall and a broad ditch,
At the utmofl: County, weft- of an oval form ; excepting, that towards the
limit of this
Machyn-
ward, where it ends in a Cone or iharp point, valley, it was extended in a direft line. Oa
Mjgl'ona. '' es Mi'hynlheth the Maglemi perhaps of the the out-fide of the great ditch next the river
;

5 F £,,,,;
777 77*

«
.1 <r. % '. * * " ' " • ' ' " ' * -
- ' ' * - * ' ' '

. , , ......... I . ... ..«'-»

ORDEVICES.
Hofe Countries of the Silures and Dimettc w/j/c/j tuc /ww laft [urvey'd, were in
after-times, when Wales came to be divided into three Principalities, call'd by the
Natives Deheubarth (or the Right-hand part,_) and in Englifh, as -we have
South- Wales. 'The other two Principalities (which they call
already obfervd,
Gwynedh and Powys, and we, North-Wales, and Powiuand) were inhabited
by the Ordovices, call'd alfo Ordevices and Ordovicse, and in fame Authors
(though corruptly) Ordoluca:. Acouragious and puiffant Nation thefe were,
as being Inhabitants oj a mountainous country, and receiving vigour from their
native foil and who continud,
; the longefl of any, unconquerd either by Romans
or Englijb. For they were not fubdu'd by the Romans, till the time of the Emperor Domitian ; when
Julius Agricola reduced almofl the whole Nation ; nor were they fubjecled by the Englifh, before the
reign of Edward the fir For a long time they enjoy''d their liberty, confiding as well in their own
ft.
ftrength and courage, as in the roughnefs and difficult fituation of their country : which feems to be laid
out fa nature, for Ambufcades, and the prolonging of war.
To determin thefe Ordevices, is no hard task;
the limits oj but to give a true reafon oj the name,
feems very However, I have entertain d a conjecittre, that, feeing they are feated on the two ri-
difficult.

vers of Devi, which, fpringing not far afunder, take their courfe different ways, and that * Oar-devi * Read
in the Britifh language fignifies, Upon the rivers of Devi ; they have been thence call'd Ordevices. Ar-dbjvi.
So the Arverni receiv'd their name from their fituation on the river Garumna; the Armorici from in-
habiting a maritim country ; and the Horefci from their bordering on the river Esk.
Nor is the name of the Ordevices fo entirely extinti in this country, but that there remain fame foot-
fteps of it. For a confiderable part of it, which lies on the Sea, is at this day call'd by the inhabitants Ar-
dudwy ; out of which the Romans, by a fofter pronunciation, may feem to have coin'd their Ordovices
and Ordevices. But now this whole trail (except om fmaU County) is call'd in Latin Gwynedhia,
and Venedotia, and in Britifh Gwynedh, from the Veneti in Armorica as fame imagin, who (as
Cafar writes) were tts'd to jail often into Britain. And if it were allowable to change one letter,
I might
fuppofe that this name was not unknown to the Greeks and to Paufanins, who in his Arcadia informs us,
that Antoninus Pius had fufficiently chaftisd our Brigantes, for making Inroads into Genounia, a Gejjounia.
Roman Province in Britain- Now if we may be allow''d to read Geftotfthia for Genqunia, that word
comes fo near Guinethia, and this Guinethia (or Gwynedh! borders fo much on the country of
the Brigantes, that imlefs Paufanias meant this country, fame Oracle muft find\ out for us what country he
meant. To the Ordovices belong d thofe Countries which are now call'd in Englifo by new names, Mont-
Gomery-fhire, Meirionydh-fhire, Caernarvoa-fhire, Denbigh-fhire, and Flint-fliire".

MO NTGOMERT SHIRE.
\Otago7iterjfhire, call'd in Britifh Romans, where, in the time of Honorius the
Sir Dre' Valdwyn, from its Emperor, the Prefect of the Sdenfians lay in
chief town, is bounded on garnlon under the Dux Britannia, in order to
the fouth with Cardigan/hire keep in fubjeftion the inhabitants of that moun-
and Radnorshire ; on the eaft tainous tract. And at two miles diftance, near
with Shropshire ; on the north Penalht, fin theCounty of Meirionydh,! we find
with Denbighshire, and on the a place call'd Keim-Kaer, or the hack of a city *, * Dorfum
weft with Aleirionydhfhire. This Shire, though where they fometimes dig-up Roman Coins, urbis.
it be mountainous, is yet in general a fertile and where are feen the'footfteps of a round
Country, having fruitful Vales as well for pa- wall of confiderable extent. fConcerning which
KeTI1 K. aer,
fture as arable land and was formerly a breeder
: ancient place, a Gentleman who has liv'd there
of excellent horfes ; which (as Giraldus informs many years, adds this further account The :

us) um much efleemd, as well for the fhape and main Fort which was on the higheft part of
+ Membrosa fiatelinefs t> as the incomparable fwiftnefi, which na- the hill, was built quadrangularly, and encom-
tba majeftate. Wire h a d given them. pafs'd with a ftrong wall and a broad
ditch,
At the utmoft limit of this County, weft- of an oval form excepting, that towards the
;
"" wara > where it ends in a Cone or iharp point, valley, it was extended in a direfi line.
Oa
Iheth
Magl'ona. 'i es Machyulheth ; the Maghna perhaps of the the out-fide of the great ditch next the river

5 F Djvi,
 ;;

779 ORDEVICES. 780

'Dyvi, the foundations of many houfes have been ever that it was of Roman foundation feems
difcover d and on a lower Mount, there flood highly probable, for that there have been lately
;

a fmall Fort, which may be fuppos'd to have (befides fome neat hewn ftones for building)
been built ot bricks, for that they find there feveral bricks dug-up there, of that kind which
plenty of them. All the out-walls were built we frequently meet with in fuch ancient Cities
of a rough hard ftone, which mnft have been as were poffefs'd by the Romans. It has had
carry 'd thither bv water, there being none fuch Caftle, and at leaft one Church, and is faid
nearer than 7%iy Gareg, which is difiant from to have been heretofore the feat of the Lords of
this place about feven miles. From the Fort Arwyftli; but how far this town extended,
to the water-fide, is a broad hard way of feems at prefent altogether uncertain. It has
pitch'd pebles and other ftones, continued in a had encampments about it at three feveral pla-
ftrait line through meadows and maruVgrounds, ces, viz,. Firft, on the north-fide, on a moun-
which may be about two hundred yards in tain call'd Gwyn-vynydh fecondly, eaftward, .-

length, and ten or twelve in breadth. It is near a place call'd Mhos dhiaberd, in the parifli of
very evident, that this Fort was demo- Lhan Dhinam, wh ere, befides entrenchments,
lifh'd before the building of the Church of there is a very larj;;e Mount or Barrow. And
Penalht, for that we find in the walls of that thirdly, at a place call'd Kevn Karnedb, about
Church, feveral bricks mix'd with the ftones, quarter of a male on the weft-iide of the
which were doubtlefs brought thither from town. Moreover, about half a mile fouthward
this place. Roman Coins have been found here, from this Kevn Karnedb^ on the top of a hill
fince thofe before-mention'd, particularly fome above Lhan Db'inam Church, there is a re-
filver pieces of Auguflus and "Tiberius : and near markable entrenchment call'd y Gaer Vecban,
the main Fort, in a field call'd Kae Lbwyn y which name mayfignify either tbeleffer City, or
Nenodh (i. e. the Court or Palace-grove) a fmall tbe kjfer Fortification, but is here doubtlefs put
gold chain was found, about four inches long for the latter. 1
and at another time a Saphire-ftone neatly cut. Not far frowi the bank, on the eaft-fide, the
Some other things of lefs note have been dif- Severn leaves Montgomery, the chief town of the Montgomery,
cover'd in the fame place ; as, a very large brafs County, feated on a riling rock, and having a
Cauldron, us'd fince as a brewing-vefiel at Kaer pleafant plain under it. It was built by Bald-
Berlhan; feveral pieces of lead and very odd win, Lieutenant of the Marches of Wales, in
;

Glaffes of a round form like hoops, which were the reign o'f King William the firfl: whence ;

of various fizes, fome about twenty inches in the Britains call it Tre Baldwin, i.e. Baldwin'sTre'VaM^
circumference, others much lefs, &c. Thefe Town; but; the Englifh, Montgomery, from Rqgerwyn.
hoop-glaffes were curioufly lifted, of divers co- de Mont Gotnery, Earl ot Shrewsbury, whofe in-
lours fome of which being broke, it was ob- heritance it was, and who built the Caftle, as
;

ferv'd, that that variety of colours proceeded we read in Domefd-iy-book though Florilegus
:

from Sands or Powders of the fame colours, fabuloufly tells us, that it was call'd Mom Gome-
inclos'd in feveral Cells within the glafs.1 ricus (from its fitustion) by King Henry the
a Vulao ^
ve m i' es hence, that mountain of f Plinli- third, after he had rebuilt it ; for the Welfh,
Pljmbymmon , tnon, which I mention'd, rifes to a great height putting the garrifon to the fword, had demo-
ani-e&iiis J>e»and on that fide where it is the bound of this lifh'd it in the year
1095, after which it lay a
Ihwan, i.e. County, it fends out the river Sabrina, call'd long time neglected. However, certain it is,
m '

" by l le B r i ta "is Havren, and in Englifh Seavern; that King Henry the tiiird granted by Char- Anno u ; -

'
lari?
The fountain- which, next to Thames, is the moft noble ri- ter, That the Burrough of Montgomery floould have
head of 5c- ver in Eritain. Whence it had that name, I the privilege of a free Burrough ; with other Liber-
vern.
could never learn ; for, that a Virgin call'd ties. Near this town, Corndon- hill rifes to a con-c orni n-iriii;
Sabrina was drown'd in it, feems only a Fablt fiderable height ; on the top of which are pla-
of Jeffrey's invention on whofe authority alfo ced certain * ftones, in form of a crown* Commonly
;
'~
a late Poet built thefe verfes : (whence ffayfome] is the name) in memory per-' all *'l JWfl<2 I
haps of a victory. fBut thefe ftones are no other/
— -
in flu?nen pracipitatur Abren,
' than four fuch rude heaps as are commonly
JSfomen Abren fiuvio de virgine ; uomen ei- known on the Mountains of Wales, by the name
dem ot Karneu and Karyiedheu, of which the Reader
Nomine corrupto, de'mde Sabrina datur. may find fome general account in Radnor/hire.
And to me it feems very probable (feeing thefe
Headlong was Abren thrown into the ' flones can in no refped be compar'd to a Crown)
flream, & that the name of Corndon is deriv'd from this
And hence the river took the Virgin's word Kant (the fingular ot Karneu) with the
.

name, \ addition of the Englifh termination don, figni-

Corrupted thence at laft Sabrina came. fying Mountain or Hill, as in Snowdon, Hunting-
don, &c. which conjecture is much confirmed,
This river has fo many windings near its when we confider, that there are many hills in
Fountain-head, that it often feems to return Wales denominated from fuch heaps of flones;
but proceeds neverthelefs, or rather wanders as Karn Lhechart in Glamorgan fhi re, Karnedb
flowly, through this County, Sbropfbire, JVorce- Dhavidh, Karnedb Higin, and Karnedb Lhewelyn
Jkrfljire, and laftly Glocefterfoire ; and having, in Caernarvonfhire, with many more in other
throughout its courfe, very much enrichM. the Counties. 1
foil, is at laft difcharged calmly into the Sevcrn- A little lower, the river Severn runs by 7?Yz-Welfh Poof.
fea. In this County, Severn, being fhaded Ihwn, i. e. tbe town by the Lake (whence the Eng-
with woods, takes its courfe northward by lifh call it WelP) Pool ;) Twhich Etymology is Etymology
Lhan Idlos. Lhan Idlos, and Tre'newydb or New town, and agreeable enough with the fituation of this^ cll e word
ra wn
New-town.
vw,
gaer ws $ w hich is reported to be
both an- place : fhould
otherwife, I fufpeft, that the
'

am{ t0 en j y ancient privileges. TThat

c ; entj word Tralhwn might be the name of a place
it was a town of confiderable note, may be near this pool, before the town was built, and
concluded from the ftreet there, and the lanes that the town afterwards took its name from it.
about it. I cannot learn, that any Roman For in fome parts of Wales, it is a common
coins have been difcover'd at this place ; how- appellative, for fuch foft places on the Roads
(or
7^1 MONTGOMERT SHIRE. 782
(or elfewhere) as Travellers may be apt to (ink or Fence) as Kaer Lhcien, Kaer Went, Kaer
into, as I have obferv'd particularly in the Vyrdhin, &c, And tho' we ihould
_ allow the
Mountains of Glamorganshire. And that a invalidity of this objection, and fuppofe the
great deal of tile ground near this place is fuch word Lhan might be
;
introduced in latter times ;
is alfo very well known. As for the Etymon yet considering that a learned and inquifitive
ot the appellative T'ralhwn, I fuppofe it only Gentleman of this
Town (who amongft his
an abbreviation of Traeth-lyn, i. e. a Qua&miri. other Studies, has always bad
a particular re-
Red Caffle. Near TraBxai, on tfte fouth-fide, is a callle, gard to the Antiquities of his Country) has
call'd from the reddiili Stones of which it is not in the fpace
of forty years met with any
built, Kaflelh Kkh, where, within the fame Coins here, or
other tokens of a place inha-
Wails, are two Caftles one belonging to the bited by the Romans; nor yet difcover'd' the
;

Lord of Powys, the other to Baron Dudley. leaft figns that this Town was anciently
of any
Kadtvgan ap Bledhyn, that renown'd Britain men- considerable note I think we cannot with
;

tion'd in the lail County, who, whillt he was fafety (barely on

account of its name, and vici-
intent on the building of this CaiUe, was (lain nity to the fituation requir'd)
conclude it the
by his nephew Madok, as we find in the A- old Mediolanum. Therefore it feems convenient,, , ,

bridgment of Kradok of Lhan Garvan. Oppo- to have c r

recoune ~
to the fituation affign d this
1
Mediolanum,
r- , . . .

site to this, on the other fide the river, lies City by Dr. Povcel who, in his
learned Anno-
;

Buttington, a place noted for the Danes win- tations on Giraldus's

Itinerary f, allures us, it j. l.
2 c. 4. .
tering there whence, as Marianus tells us, they was not only the
:
opinio*! cr~ fome Antiquaries,
were driven by Adheredus Duke of Maria, in that the ancient Me ...... was 'ted where
the year 8^4. The river Severn, having left the village of Meivod (lands at pr but I ,

thele places, winds it felf by degrees towards alfo that the fame
village and places adjoyi...
the eaff, that it may the fooner receive fmall j
a afforded in his time leveral fuch remarkable
* L. Myrn. river call'd Tanat
wy.
% wherewith
being united, it Monuments, as made it evident, that there had
enters Shropshire. been formerly a considerable town at that place.
I am fully perfwaded (became it feems a cer- Alfo, this Meivod is feated
about a mile below
Mediolanum, tain truth) that the Mediolanum of the Ordmiieel, Mathraval, on the north-fide of the river
Myrn-
celebrated by Antoninus and Ptolemy, flood in viy and three miles fouthward of Lhan Vylhin.
;

this Country ; the footfteps whereof I have dili- At prefent, there remains
only a Church and
gently endeavour'd to rjra-ce out, tho' with no a fmall village but Several yet living have feen
;
great fuccefs; fo far doth age confume even the there the ruins of two other
Churches. I am
skeletons and ruins of Cities. However, if we inform'd, that about a mile from the Church
may conjecture from its fituation (feeing thofe there is a place call'd Erw'r Perth, i. e. the Gate-
Towns which Antoninus places on each fide, are acre, which is fuppos'd to have taken its name
well known ; viz. on one lide Bonium, call'd from one of the Gates of the old City
; and,
now Bangor, by the river Dee, and on the other that in the grounds adjoyning
to this village,
Rutunium, now Rcrwton Caftle, for he places it Caufeys, Foundations of Buildings, Floors
twelve Italian miles from this, and twenty from and Harths are often difcover'd
by Labourers ;
the other,) the lines of Pofition, if we may fo but whether any fuch
Monuments, as we may
term them, or rather of Difiance, crofs each fafely conclude to be Roman (as Coins, Urns,
other betwixt Mathraval and Lhan Vylhin, which Infcriptions, &c.) are found
at this place, I
are fcarce three miles afunder, and in a manner muff leave to farther
enquiry. Meivod (as Bi-
demonstrate to us the fituation of our Medio- (hop Ulfier fuppofes) is call'd
by Nennius Cair
lanum. For this method of finding out a third Meguid, and in other copies Cair Metguod but
;
from two known places, cannot deceive us, what the word Meguid or Metguod,
or yet Met-
when there are neither Mountains interpos'd, vod or Mediolanum, might fignify, is hardly in-
+ Itintrum nor f the turnings of roads difcontinu'd. This telligible at prefent ; unlefs the name be taken
Rexus imled'f Mathraval lies five miles to the weft of Severn from
; an Hermitage, in regard they have a tra-
tut. and (which in fome degree afferts the Antiqui- dition at that place, that a Religious Hermit
Mathraval.
ty of it) though it be now but a bare name, it call'd Rhys (corruptly, as fome fuppofe, for
Gy-
was once the Royal Seat of the Princes oiPoviys; ris) liv'd there ; and the word Metguod was the
and is alfo noted in Authors, who tell us, that fame, according to old orthography, with Med-
* De vetert after the Princes left it, * Robert Vipont an vod or Aleidivyvod, i.e. a hermitage from Mei- ;

tonte. Engli(h-man built a Caflle there. But Lhan duy a hermit, and bod an habitation. What
Lhan Vyl- Vylhin (i. e. the Church
of Mylhin) a fmall mar- :onfirms this, is, that at Lhan diflio in Den-
hin.
ket-town, though in refpect of distance it be a bighshire, there is another Meivod, with the
little farther oft, is yet, as to affinity of name, very fame tradition
; and both Churches bear
much nearer Mediolanum. For the word Vylhin the name of the fame Founder, namely,
Tiffi-
is, by an Idiom of the Britifh, only a variation tio the foil
of Brychvcel Yskithrog, Prince of Powys,
of Mylhin ; as Kaer Vyrdhin, from Kaer and about the year 600.I
Myrdhin, and Ar-von from Ar-mon ; fand very If I Should affirm, that this our Mediolanum,
lately a great many Roman Coins have been and thofe other Cities
of the fame name in
found here.! Nor is this name of Mylhin [or Gaul, were built either by Duke Medus or
Myllinl more remote from Mediolanum, than Prince Olanus ; or that whilft
it was building,
Mil/ano in Italy, or Le Million in Xanaigne, or Sits mediatim lanata [a Sow half clad with
wooll]
Methlen in the Low-Countries ; all which (as was dug-up , Should I not feem to grafp at
is generally allow'd) were formerly known by clouds and trifles And yet the Italians tell all
I
the name of Mediolanum. But whether of thefe thefe Stories of their Mediolanum. But feeing
Conjectures comes nearer the truth, let the Rea- it is moft evident that all thefe were founded
der determin ; for my own part, I do no more by people who fpoke the fame language (tor
than deliver my opinion. fOnly, as to Lhan- we have Shewn already, that the Gauls and
Vyllin, there is this objection againft that Britains us'd one common tongue
it, ; ) it feems
we do not find it was cuilomary among the highly probable, that they had their denomi-
Britains, to prefix the word Lhan (i. e. Clmrch) nation from
one and the fame original. Now,
to the name of Roman Cities ; but if any word our
Mediolanum agrees in nothing with that ot
was prefix'd, it was generally Kaer (i. e. a Fort Italy, but that each of them are feated in a
Plain

•
r;
 ] ;

783
RDEVIC ES. 7h
Plain between two rivers ; and a learned Ita- fecond. For then Omen the fen cf Grufydh ap
lian has from thence deriv'd the name of his, GtSlenwynwjn the laft Lord of Powys of Britilli LorlJs of
tor that it is feared media inter ham Extraction (for the title of Prince was difcoiiti-Powys.
larnt, what Mcdiolanum,
which he interprets betwixt Brooks orfmall Rivers. nu'd long before) left one only daughter, call'du. PoweL
it Ggnifies.

f Muthraval before-mention'd, as heretofore Hawis, who was marry 'd to John Charlton an
the feat of the Princes of Powys, (hews at
Enghfh-man, the King's ValeB, and he there-
prefent no remains of its ancient fplendour, upon was created Earl of Powys by King Ed-
there being only a fmall Farm-houfe where ward the fecond. His Amis (as 1 have ob-
Lhan Vylhin is a market- ferv'd in feveral places) were Or, a Lion rampant
the Caltle flood.
town of conlidcrable note, iirft incorporated by Gules. He was fucceeded in this title by four
the male-line became extinfl in
Lhewelyn ap Grufydh Lord of Mecbain and Moch- Brothers, till

nant, in the time of Edward the fecond. It is who by Eleamra, daughter and one
Edward ;

govern'd by two Bailiffs, chofen annually, who, of the heirs of Thomas Holland Earl of Kent,
befldes other Privileges granted to the town by had
two daughters, viz.. Jane marry'd to Sir
wife of John Lord
King Charles the fecond (bearing date March John Grey, and Joyce the
z%. Anno Reg. 25.) were made Juilices of the Tiptoft, from whom defcended the Barons Dud-
Peace within the Corporation during the time ley, and others.
This Sir John Grey, by Dupl; Notm _ his .

of their being Bailiffs, own martial valour, and the munificence ot 6 Hen. 5.
receiv'd the Earldom of
E»lof Tan-
Earls of This County had dignify 'd no Earl with its King Henry the fifth, uem "
" to him and his heirs- 1
Montgo- name and title, till f'very lately Anno 1S05. King Tanquervil in Normandy,
mery. " male, delivering one Baffinet at the Caftle of
James ["the firill created at Greenwich, Philip
+. So faid " Roan, yearly on St. George's day". His fon
ann. 1607.
Herbert, a younger fon of Henry Earl of Pen-
'

broke by Mary Sydney, the fame was Henry Lord Powys, in whofc Family the
at one and
of Powys continu'd with great honour,
time Baron Herbert of Sburland and Earl of title
Grey, not long before f our time, -f so raid,
Montgomery, as a particular mark ot his favour, till Edward
andfor the great hopes he had conceiv'd of dy'd
without lawful iffuc. TThe Lordfhip ofann. 1607.
his virtuous qualifications. Powys was afterwards purchafed by Sir Edward
William Earl of Penbroke ;
fWhich Philip being.alfo Earl of Penbroke, Herbert, fecond fon of
fucceeded his eldeft fon Sir William
See Pen- by the death of his brother without iffue i the to whom
brokeihire, fame perfons ever fince have elljoy'd both the Herbert, who was created Lord Powys ; and
titles of Penbroke and Montgomery.!
was fucceeded in the fame title by Percy his
fon ; and William fon of Percy, was firft made
Marquifs of Powys, by
Princes of The Princes of Pawis, defcended from the Earl, and afterwards
Powys. third fon of Roderic the Great f, poffefs'd this
King Tames the fecond. As to the title of Earl of Via. Ojfulfim,
'" Middlcfcr.
lay dormant, till Ford Lord Grey
f From County with fome others (only Roger and Hugh Tanauervd, it
Bledhyn ap of Werk was advane'd to that honour by King
Kynvyn. of Montgomery had got aw ay part of it) in a
Edward the William the third.!
Powel 109. continu'd feries till the time of
j

'There are in this County 47 Purifies.

MEIRIONTDHSHIRE.
it may be anfwer'd (if that be
;
Eyond the County of Montgo- _n all Wales ;

of a
mery , lies Meinonjdhflnre worth notice) that for the pleafing pnfpeB
,

Britains call Sir Country, there is hardly

any ftandard ; moft
which the
Veirionydh, the Latins Mervi- men taking their meafures herein, either from
the place of their own nativity and education,
nia, and Giraldus, Terra filio-
or from the profit which they fuppofe a Coun-
rum Conani, i. e. the Land of
the fons of Conanus. It rea- try may yield. But if (as fome hold) variety
of objects make a Country appear delightful,
ches to the crooked bay which I mention'd.
this may contend with moft as affording (be-
and is wafh'd by the main Ocean on the weft-
;

tides a fea-profpefl) not only exceeding high

fide, with fuch violence, that it may be
thought
to have carry 'd off fome part of it. the mountains, and inacceffible rocks ; with an in-
On
credible number of rivers, catarads, and lakes:.,
fouth (for fome miles) it is divided from Car
diganjltire by the river Dyvy ; and on the north,
but alfo variety of lower hills, woods, and
plains, and fome fruitful valleys. Their high-
borders on Caernarvonjbire and Denbigh/hire. _
are Kader Idris, Aren Veudhwy,
Mountains This County hath fuch heaps of mountains: eft mountains &c.
exceeding that (as Giraldus obferves) it is the rougheft and Aren Benlhyn, Arennig,
Moelwyn, Manned,
herds of cartel,
hi E b -
mofl unpleafant County of all Wales. For the MUs Thefe maintain innumerable
are
are extraordinary high, and yet very narrow, and
fheep, and goats ; and are (ill regard they

terminating in (harp peaks ; nor are they thin-fcat-

frequently fed with clouds and rains, and har-
in height, bour much (how)
confiderably more fcrtil, tho'
ter'd, but placed very clofe, and fo eaven
the tops the grafs be coarfe, than the hills
and ridges of
that 'the fbepherds frequently converfe from
who yet, in they fbould wrangle and lower Countries. Kader Idris is probably one_ of
of tliem ; cafe
(which
appoint a meeting, could fcarce come together from the higheft mountains in Britain; and
affords
is one certain argument of its height)^ it
morning till night.
fome variety of Alpine plants: but for moun-
,

he obferves) generally cor.fider d,

Tit is (as
the moft mountainous of all the Weifh Coun- tains fo high, and their tops notwithstanding
fo near, that men may converfe from them,
and
ties though its mountains are not the highefl
;

thofe of Suowdon in Caernarvonjbire exceeding yet fcarce be able to meet in a whole day I pre- ;

them in height, fume there are none fuch in nature and am cer-
and being at leaft equal to them :

in rocky precipices. But whereas Giraldus callstain there are not any in Wales, but that men con-

it the rougheft and moft unpleafant Country verting from their tops,
may meet in halt anhour.1
Innu-
 mWolves in
ME I RIO NT DHS HIRE.
Innumerable Hecks of Sheep f(as hath been incredible, what difficulties he and his
great
7%6

^ nddc '£iid)~| do graze en

la

d
thefe Mountains nor are
they in any danger of Wolves, which are though:
; Soldiers ftruggled
ney ;
within this troublefome jour-
when in fome places whilft rhey afcended
to have been deftroy'd throughout England, the mountains, they were forced to creep and ;

when King Edgar impos'd a yearly tribute ol elfewhere in defcending, in s manner to tumble
+ No Prince three hundred wolves-skins on f Ludwal Prince down whence that way is called by the neigh-
:

of this name of thefe Countries.

For (as we find in Willi- bours at this day, Vie Herbert. '
Herfcrt's-
in Wales am f Malmesbury) c When he had performed
:
[This Harlech (for that is the right name, wa r.
* thisfot three years, he
tliT' ddifted the fourth; al- and the denomination is probably from a rock,)
See Derby-
* ledging he could not find one more*. How- was once call'd Twr Bromnen, and afterwards
Mr. g,ieri
shire and ' ever, that there remained fome long after, receiv'd the name of Kaer Kolliwyn from
Kolh- VaugbaifsUS^
Yorkfiiire. is manifeft from unquestionable Records. The viyn ap Tdgno, who liv'd there in the time of
Inhabitants, who apply themfelves wholly to Prince Anaraud, about the year 877, and was
the breeding of Cattel, and who feed on Milk- Lord of Ardudwy and Evionydh, and fome part
meats, vhu Butter, Cheefe, &c. (notwithftand- of Lhfn ; which countries are yet, for rhe moil
ing Strabo formerly derided our Eritains as part, poffefs'd by his poflerity. His Arms were,
ignorant of the art of making Cheefe, ) are Sable, a chevefon argent, betwixt three flower-
icarce inferiour to any People of Britain, de-luccS: Notwithstanding Harlech might re-
ftature, clear complexion, comelinefs, and pro- ceive this name of Kaer Kollnoyn from Kollrwytt
portion ; but have an ill character, among their ap Tagno, yet it feems probable that this place,
neighbours, for Incontinency and Idlenefs. or fome other near it, was call'd Kaer before
It hath but few Towns. On the eaft, where
his time. For I am afTured, that in the me-
Mowdhw y* Dyvy runs, Kvimmwd Mowdbwy is
a place well mory of fome perfons yet living, feveral Ro-
known ; which was formerly the inheritance of man Coins have been found hereabouts ;"and
William, otherwife call'd Wilkok Mowdbwy, that the Britains prcfix'd the word Kaer to
younger fon ot Grufydh ap Gwenwyn-wyn, Lord of molt places fortified by the Romans, is well
Powys, and by his fon's daughter it defcended known to all Antiquaries.
* Per cju *ep' Z0 I&& Burgh, and again * by daughters of that In the year 1652, an ancient golden Torques Torques, or
houfe, to the honourable families of Newport, was dug-up in a Garden fomewhere
tet.
near this Chain.
heighten, Lingen,and Mitton. Caftle of Harlech. It is a wreathed bar of gold
Dol Gellieu, Where the river Avon runs more wefterly, (or rather perhaps three or four rods joyntly
liesD&l Gelheu, a fmall Market-town, fo called twilled) about four foot long ; ficxil, but ben-
from the valley in which it is feated, for ra- ding naturally only one way, in form of a
ther, from it's fituation in a woody vale ; the hat-band ; hooked at both ends exaflly (that
word Dol being much the fame with the Eng- I may defcribe it intelligibly, though in vulgar
lishDale, fo common in the North England
of terms ) like a pair of pot-hooks ; but thefe
*JW eft, Xkand in Scotland , and * Kelbe (in the fouthern hooks are not twifted as the reft of the rod,
Kyib aryie- dialed Kelhi) fignifying ftridly a wood -where much nor are their ends fharp, but plain, and as it
turn.
hazel grows, and being fometimes ufed for any were cut even. It is of a
round form, about
other wood ; though at prefent there are not an inch in circumference,
and weighs eight
fo many woods about this town, as were for- ounces, and is all over fo plain, that it
needs
merly. What Antiquity this place is of, oi no farther defcription. feems very probable,
It
whether of any note in the time of the Ro that Roman Authors always intended an orna-
mans, is uncertain :however, fome of theii ment of this kind, by the word Torques, feeing
coyns have been of late years dug-up near a it is derived from Torqueo ; and not a chain
well call'd Fynon Vair, within a bow-fhot of (compefed of links or annulets ) as our Gram-
the town ; two whereof were lent me by the marians commonly interpret it, and as Joannes
1 Mr. Mau. reverend f Redor of the Place ; which are fair Schcfferus fuppofes, who in his learned and cu-
Jones. filver pieces of Trajan and Hadrian viz.
: rious diflertation de Torquibus, tells us, that the
Torques were moveable, and made of rings ; the
I. Impsratori
.
IMP. TRAIANO AVG. GER. DAC Circles folid and round
; and the Monilia, a lit-
Trajano Au-
P.M. TR.P. broader, &c. Moreover, rhe Britifll word
tle
gufto,Gertna.
mco, Dadco, COS. V. P. P. S. P. Q. R.OPTIMOTorch, which is doubtlefs of the fame origin as
Pontifci max- PR1NC. well as fignification with the Latin Torques, is
ima, Tribuni- Troph^um
de Dacis. never ufed for a chain, but generally for a
tia potefiate,
Confuli qutn- wreath, and fometimes, though in a lefs ftrict
to, Patri Pa-
2. IMP. CAESAR TRAIAN HA- fenfe, for any collar, or large ring ; our word
triae Senatus
: DRIAN V
S A
VG. P. M. TR. P. for a chain being Kadvoen, which agrees alfo
pcyulttfquc Ro- COS. III. with the Latin. Whether the Torques here de-
manus optimo
Mars Gradivus cum hafta & fpoliis, fcrib'd was Britifll or Roman, feems a queftion
Frimipl.
not eaiily decided ; feeing we find, that ancient-
Clofe by the Sea in the fmall Country of ly moft Nations that we have
any knowledge
Ardudwy, ftands on a fteep rock the Caflle of of, ufed this kind of ornament.
And particu*
Har-leth. Ar-lech (called heretofore Kaer Kolhvjyn,) which, larly, that the Britains had
golden Torques's,
as the Inhabitants report, Mas built by Edward we have the authority of
Dio Caffius f, who in .
the firit, and took it's name from the fituation ; his defcription of Boadicea, or Hm „ °™'
Bunduica, Queen lib. 62.
for Ar-lech in Britifll fignifies on a rock though of the lceni in the time
;
of Nero, tells us, [be
+ Qiuff fome call it Harlech \, and interpret it, A
Kiiih-kch.^leafeatl} fituated.
rock more a large golden Torques (;,„%, -
„;,
When England was embroil'd i^'fa,) that her garment vscts of divers colours, &c.
&„ a
in civil wars, Davidh ap Jenken ap Enion, a If it be objeSed, that
though fhe wore fuch an
Britifh Nobleman, who fided with the Houfe ornament, yet it might be in
ufe amongft the
of Lancafter, defended this Caftle ftoutly againft Britains only fince the Roman
Conquefts ; it
Edward the fourth, until William Herbert, Earl may be anfwer'd, that this feems not to
have
o'f Penbroke, forcing his way through the been the fenfe of the Author, but that
he thus
midft of the Alps of Wales, a very difficult defcribes her for the ftrangenefs
of her habit ;
paflage, attack'd it with fo much vigour, that adding, that her yellow hair
hung loofe, and reached
it was furrender'd into his hands. It is almoft down to her hips, &c. A
farther confirmation, that
5 O the
F"'

787 ORDEVICES. 7S8

the Brit-runs ufed golden Torques 's, is, that they which they conquer'd. Tiie ufe of this Orna-
were fo common among their neighbour-nati- ment feems to have been retain'd by the Bri-
on (and probably their progenitors) the Gauls. tains long after the Roman and Saxon Con-
For Livy tells us, that Publius Cornelius, quefts for we find, that within thefe few Cen- :

II
Lib. 3 6. II

c- 40. when he triumph'd over the Boii, produced, a- turies, a Lord of Jal in Denbighlhire, was
mongft other fpoils, one thoufand four hundred call'd Lhewelyn aur-dorchog, i. e. Leolinm tovqn:
and feventy golden Torques's. And Britoma- aureo infignitus and it is at this day a common :

rus, a commander ainongft the Gauls,

who is faying in feveral parts of Wales, when any one
prefumed to have been a Britain, wore fuch tells his adverfary, he'll ftrive hard, rather than
as we find in Propertius. (a) yield to him mi a dynna'r dorch a chwi ; i. e.
an ornament ;
;

If any fliall urge farther ( notwithftanding I'll pluck, the torques with you.
this authority of Dio Camus, which with me defcrib'd, feems by
This which we have here
isfufticient) that feeing there isnoBritifh name the length of it to have been for ufe as well

for this Ornament (the common word Torch, as ornament, which perhaps was to hold a
being derived from the Latin Torquis, ) it fol- Quiver ; were applyM to that
for that they

lows, that the knew no fuch thing

Britains ule, feems very plain from Virgil's } defcription f iEneid,

I anfwer (though we need not much infiffc

on of the Exercifes of the Trojan Youth '• : 5>

that objection) that to me it feems very fufpi-

cious, the word was Celcick before it was Ro- Cornea bina ferunt prafixo haflilia ferro .-

man. For though I acknowledge it derived Pars laves humero pharetras ; it peUore
from Torqueo, yet we have alfo the verb Torchi fttmmo
in the fame fenfe and feeing both the Britifh
:
Flexihs obtorti per collum circuhts auri.

words Torch and Torchi are in all appearance de-

rived from the common word Trot, 1. e. to turn ; Each brandifhing aloft a Cornel Spear :

and alfo that Grammarians know not well Some at their backs their gilded Quivers
whence to derive Torqueo I know not but we ;
bore ;

may find the origin of it in the Britifh Torch. Their Wreaths of burnifh'd gold hung dow u r

Nor ought any one to think it abfurd, that I before.

thus endeavour to derive Latin words from the

Welfh ; feeing there are hundreds of words in But I fear I have dwelt too long on this
that Language, that agree in found and figni- one fubjt'cT:, and fliall therefore only add (for

fication with the Latin, which yet could not the fatisfacnon of fuch as may fcruple this re-
be borrowed from the Romans, tor that the lation) that this valuable Monument of Britifh

Irifh retain the fame, who muft have been a Nobility and Antiquity is now repofited in the
Colony of the Britains, long before the Roman hands of Sir Roger Moftyn of Moftyn, Ba-
Conqueft and alfo that the Welfh or Britifh ronet.
:

is one Dialed of the old Celtic whence, as We muft not here forget to tranfmit to Po- Exhalation,
:

the beft Criticks allow, the Roman- Tongue fterity fome account of that prodigious fire or
borrow'd feveral words and I prefume, by kindled exhalation which annoy'd this neigh-
;

the help of the Irifh, which was never alter'd bourhood fome years fince.
There is already
by a Conqueft, it might be traced a fhort relation of it, publifh'd in the Philo-
Roman
much farther. Forinftance ; we mull: acknow- fophical Tranfactionstl, in a Letter from myu Num.208-
* Friend ; but thofe pieces co- * Mr. Jones,
Hib. ledge thefe Britifh words, Tlr, Awyr, MoV, A- above-men tion'd
Aicir, Muir von, I/avc/j, &c. to have one common origin ning to few hands, I fhall make bold to infer: Ian.20. 1694.
:

with thofe of the fame fignification in the La- it here, with fome additions :
Avatty Loch.

tin, Terra, Aer, Mare, Amnis, Lacus _; but fee-

ing the Irifh alfo have them, it is evident that
they were not left here by the Romans ; and 'T'His Letter contains no anfwer to your Queries

I think it no abfurdity to fuppofe them ufedin about the Locujls, for I am wholly intent at pre-

thefe Iflands before Rome was built. sent upon giving you the beft account I can, of a moft
from our dijmal and prodigious accident at Harlech in this
But that we may not digrefs too far
from what we have County, al- It is of the
the beginning thefe Holidays.
fubject, it is manifeft of

ledg'd, that golden Torques's were much ufed unaccountable firing of fixteen Rkks of Hay, and two^ '

by the Gauls'"; and I think it not queftionable, Barns, whereof one wai fall of Com, the other of
unaccountable, becaufe it is evident
but that they were in ufe alfo amongft the Bri- Hay. I call it
tains before the Roman Conqueft but whe- they were not burnt by common fire, but by a kin-
:

which was often feen to come from

ther this we now fpeak of, were Roman or dled exhalation
Britifh, remains ftill uncertain. To which I the Sea. Of the duration whereof I cannot at pre-
certain account, but am fatisfy d it
can only fay, that it feems much more pro- fent give you any
or three weeks ; and an-
bably to have been Britifh. For whereas it is lafted at leaft a fortnight
Country ai well by poifoning their Grajs y
evident from the example of Boadkea, Brito- noy'd the
the /pace of a mile or there-
marus, the Champion that fought with T. ai firing the Hay, for
have feen the fire, fay it was a blue
Manlius Torquatus, ike. that the great Comman- abouts. Such as
amongft the Gauls and Britains wore them; weak flame, eafily extinguifh'd, and that it
did not
ders
I do not know that it appears at all that the the leaft
harm to any of the men who interposd their
Roman Officers did fo : and unlets that be endeavours to fave the Hay, tho' they venturd (per-
made out, I think we may fafely pronounce it ceiving it different from common fire) not only clofe

no other Roman, but a Soldier, to it, but fometimes into it. All the damage that
Britifh; for
was happen d conftantly in the night. I
could lofe it here. As for thefe honorary re- fuflain'd,
catalogue of fuch cu J have receivd
.* Gr ter. wards prcfentedto * Soldiers of merit, we need have enclos'd a
and have nothing to add,
not prefume them to have been Roman, bur certain
Infer, P- 9 6 - information of;
are three Jmatt Tenements in the Jams
rather Spoils taken from the barbarous Nations but that there j

(a) Fafri partna relata duett

Virdomari. - —
IUi virgatU jaculantit ab agmine hrachU,
Torquis ab incifa detiiit unca gula. Lib. 4.
 ;

7»9 MEIRIONTDHSHIRE. 79°

neighbourhood (call'd Tydhin Sj&n Wyn) the Graf: that a Gentleman accidentally obferv'd iome
of -which vtcu fo infetled, that it abfolutdy kili'd all quantity ot them on the fliores of Caernsrvon-
manner of Cattle that fed upon it. "The Grajs has fhire near Aher-Damn ; and that others have
been infectious theje three years-, but not throughly been feen on the Sands of the Severn-Sea. Now,
fatal till this lajl. Pray fend me -with all conve- that a confiderable quantity ot thefe Creatures
nient fpeed, your friend's thoughts, and your own, oj being drown'd in the Sea, and afterwards caft
the caufes, and, if pojfible, alfo the remedy, oj this afhore, will caufe a Peftilence, we have many
furpixdng Phenomenon, &c. inftances inAuthors*; and particularly one that* V. TI10,
happen'd in the year 1374, when there was a^?° uEet '

great mortality of Men and Cattle, on the^^™™

Thus far, Mr. Jones's account of this fur Coafts ot France, occihon'd bv Locuits drown'd p. 123.
prizing and unparallel'd Meteor; fince which its our Englifh Chanel, and caft upon their'
time, I received information from him and Chores f. But whether fuch a contagious va-+ Otho Frl-
others, that it continu'd feveral months long- pour, meeting with a vifcous exhalation, in a tin S e n ilS -

er. It did no great domage by confuming die rnoorifh Bay, will kindle and fo perform in ;

Hay and Corn, belides thofe of forme particu- fome meafure, fuch a devaluation ot Hay and
lar penfons ; but the Grafs, or Air, or both Corn, as the living Creatures would do (where
were fo intciSed that there was all the
with it, we may alfo note that H Piiny fays'of them,[| Lib. xi.
v Idle .1 great mortality ol Cattle, Horfes, Sheep, mulia contaSlu adurunt, i. e. they burn many c 2 9- '

Goats, &c. For a long time they could not things by the touch,) I muft recommend to
trace this fire any lurthcr than from the ad- farther confideration. I know there are many
joyning Sea-fiiores but afterwards thofe who things might be objected, and particularly the
:

watch'd it {as fomc did continually) difcover'd duration of this fire ; but men are naturally fo
that it crofs'd a part of the Sea, from a place fond ot their own conjectures, that fometimes
call'd Morva bychan in CaernarvonlTnre, diftant they cannot conceal them, though they are nut
from Harlech about eight or nine miles, which themfelves fully fatisfy'd.
is defcrib'd to be a Bay both fandy and marfliy About two miles from Harlech, there is a
That winter, it appear'd much more frequently remarkable Monument call'd Koeten Arthur. It
than in the following fummer for whereas : is a large Stone-table fomewhat of an oval
they faw it then almoft every night, it was form, but rude and ill-fhap'd (as are the reft
not obferv'd in the fummer, above one or two ot thefe Heathen-Monuments,) about ten foot
nights in a week ; and that (which if true, is long, and above feven where it is broadeft
very obfervable) about the fame diftance ot two foot thick at one end, but not above an
time, happening generally on Saturday or Sun- inch at the other. It is placed on three rude
day nights but afterwards it was feen much
: Stone-pillars, each about half a yard broad ;
oftner. They add, that it was feen on flormy two of which that fupport the thick end, are v. Lliech y
as well as calm nights, and all weathers alike; betwixt feven and eight foot; but the third, Drybedh in
but that any great noife, fuch as the founding at the otherend, about three foot high.l PenbrokOiire*

of Horns, the difcharging of Guns, &c did Higher up, in the confines of this County
repel or extinguifh it by which means it was
; and Caeruarvonfhire, two notable arms ot the
fuppos'd, they fav'd feveral Ricks of Hay and Sea encroach on the land, call'd 3" T'raeth mawr,
Corn ; for it fcarce fir'd any thing elfe. and T'raeth bychan, that is, the Greater Wafj or
This Phenomenon, I prefume, is wholly new Frith, and the Lejfer. And not far from hence,
and unheard ot ; no Hiftorian or Philolopher near a fmall Village call'd Feflineog, is a high Feftineog.
defcribing any fuch Meteor for we never ; road or military way of pitch 'd ftones, which
read that any of thofe fiery Exhalations diftin- leads thorough thefe difficult and almoft unpaf-
guHh.'d by the feveral names of Ignis fatuus, fable mountains ; and feeing it is called in
Ignis lambens, Scintilla volantes, &c. have had fuch Britifh Sam Helen, or Helens way, it is but Helen'sa way.
effects, as thus to poifon the Air or Grafs, fo reafonable that we fuppofe it made by Helena
as to render it infectious and mortal to all forts the mother ot Conftantine the Great whole ;

of Cattle. Moreover, we have no examples of works were many and magnificent throughout
any fires of this kind, that were of fuch con- the Roman Empire. [This was probably of a
fidence as to kindle Hay and Corn, to confume very confiderable extent ; unlefs we fhould
Barns and Houfes, &c. Nor are there any de- fuppofe the fame Helen was Author of feveral
fcrib'd to move fo regularly as this, which fe- other high-ways in Wales. For belides the
veral obferv'd to proceed conftantly to and place here mention'd, it is alfo vifible at one
from the fame places for the fpace of at leaft end of Kraig Venuyn, where it is called Fordh
eight months. Wherefore feeing the effects are gam Helen Luedhog, i. e. "The crooked Road of He-
altogether ftrange and unufual, they who would len the great, or puiffant. And I obferved a way
account for it, mult fearch out fome caufes no call'd Fordh [or Sarn] Helen, in the parifh of
lefs extraordinary. But in regard that that Lhan Badarn Odyn in Cardiganshire as alfo ;

may not be done (if at all) without making that a great part of the Road from Brecknock
obfervations for fome time upon the place to Neath in Glamorganfhire, is diftinguifhed
;

we muft content our felves with a bare rela- by the fame name. At this parifh of Fejlineog,
tion of the matter of fact. I muft confefs, that it is call'd otherwife Sarn y Dhiial ( a name,
*
upon the firlt hearing of this murrain amongft hereof I can give no account) for the fpace Q.Whe-
tber this
all forts of Cattle, I fufpccled that thofe Lo- of three miles, viz,, from Rhfd yr Hklen *roj, .

cufts that arriv'd in this Country about two Kaflelh Dol Wydhelen and lome prefume that feme ot ers ',

|,

months before, might occafion it, by an infe- Pont Aber Glaflyn, and y Gymwynas in Caernar-in Wales) was
ction of the Air ; proceeding partly from the vonfhire, is a continuation ot the fame orce "H'd
corruption of thofe that landed, and did not Road.
long furvive in this cold Country ; and partly
Shi-cL r
On a Mountain call'd Mikneint near Rhyd ar lTil l Iia ne ^ e ,

ot a far greater number which I fuppos'd were Halen, within a quarter of a mile of this Road, Rhjd ar hs-
drown'd in their voyage, and caft upon thefe are fome remarkable Stone-monuments, call'd**** & c -

wlti re eft
Coafls. For though I know not, whether any Bedheu Gwyr J
Ardudwy, i. e. the Graves of f/;e ? ,[P
,^
1- to the Road?
have been fo curious as to fearch the Sea-weeds men ojr Ardudwy. -ttm /1 . , , ,
J hey are at Iealt thirty Mik ^ t
tor them in this County, yet I am inform 'd in number r.nd each Grave is defcrib'd toStone-Moui-
j

demerits.
 ;; .

79i ORDEVICES. 792

be about two yards long and to be di- affigned them, and delight in fuch places as
;

ftinguilh'd by four Pillars, one at each cor- afford them agreeable feeding, &c, Co that the
ner of a Grave which are fomewhat ot a palling of this river through all the lake, un-
;

fquare form, about two or three foot high, and mix'd, may be no more than a irivolous opi-
nine inches broad. The tradition is, that thefe nion of the Vulgar.! If you pleafe, take here
arc Sepulchral Monuments ot fome perfons ot an accurate delcnption of this lake, bv an An-
note flain her-:-, in a battle fought betwixt the tiquarian Poet.
men of Dyffryn Ardudwy, and fome of Denbigh-
fhirc. Tiiat they are indeed the Graves of Hifpida qua telius Mervima refpicit Eu-
men flain in battel, Teems fcarcely queftionable rum,
but when, or by what perfons, &c. is wholly Eft laats antiquo Penlinum nomine diBus,
uncertain. One of the next neighbours informs Hie lacus illhneu in valle legeius aha
me, that he law, amongft other ftones brought Late expandit aquas, cr vajlum confitit or-
hence to mend the walls of i^/?m/og-Church- .
hem.
yard, one with an Infcription ; but at prefent Excipiens gremio latices, qui fonte perenni
there remains no account of it. By the de- Vicinis recidunt de montibus, atquefonoris

fcription he gives of it, I fuppofe it Roman. lllecebris captat demulcent fuaviter aures.
For he fays it was a polinYd ftone, about two Mud halet certe laats admirabile diclu,

foot long, half a yard broad, and three or four Quantum-vis magna pluvia nan afluat .-

inches thick whereas all the later Infcriptions

: atqui
that I have feen in Wales, are on large Pillars, Aire turbato, (i ventus murmura tollat,

which are generally rude and unpolifh d. 1 am Excrefcit fubito rapidis violentior undis,

told there are alfo a confiderablc number of Et tumido fuperat contempts ftumine ripas.

Graves near this Caufey, on the Demeans of

Rhiw gocb, in the parifh of Trawfuynydh : and Where eaftern ftorms diflurb the peaceful
in the year 1687. I copied this Infcription from Skies,

a ftone call'd Bedfi Partus, or Form's Grave, near In Merioneth famous Penlin lies.

Lhcch Idris in the fame Parifh. Here a vaft Lake which deepeft Vales fur-
round,
PORIVS His watry Globe rowls on the yielding
HICIN TVMVLO JACIT ground.
HOMO RIANVS FVIT Encreas'd with conftant Springs that gently
run
From the rough Hills with pleafing mur-
I found afterwards, it was generally under- murs down,
flood, as if this had been the Grave of one of This wondrous property the Waters boaft,
the firft Chriftians in thefe parts ; and that they The great eft Rains are in it's Chanels
read it, Partus hie in tumulo jacit ; Homo Chriflia- loft,

nus fitit. Being at that time wholly unacquain- Nor raife the flood ; but when loud tern- ">

ted with any ftudies or obfervations in tiiis pefts roar, I

kind, perhaps I might not tranferibe it with The rifing Waves with fudden rage boyl T
that accuracy I ought ; but if it be thus on the ore,
J

Stone (which I muft recommend to farther ex- And conqu'ring Billows fcorn th' unequal | (

amination) it can never bear that reading, un- Shore. Jl

lefs we fuppofe the Letters STI omitted by the
Stone-cutter alter RI in the la ft line ; which fAs to theGw/mWbeforc-mention'd, the word
would be fuch a fault as we have fcarce any in- might beaptly render'd in Englifh a.Whiting but i

ftance of in thefe many hundreds of Infcripti-
ons which Authors have pubiifh'd. But hov
foever we read the word, -RIANVS, I
fuppofe this Infcription to have been the Epi-
the fifh fo call'd is very different from it, being
of the Trout kind. A defcription of it may be
— Mr. Willoughby's Ichthyology, who fup-
feen in
the fame with what they call (by names
pofes it

taph of feme Roman, about the fecond or third of the like fignificarion) ein Albelen, and Weifs-
Century,"! fifch in fome parts of Switzerland, and the Fer-

Sam Helen. Not tar from Sam Helen, is Kaer Gai, i. e. ra of the Lake of Geneva. And here, we may
Kaer Gai. Cairn's Caftle, built by one Cairn a Roman ; of obferve the natural agreeablenefs of thofe Al-
whom the common People of that neighbour- pine Lakes with thefe in our Mountains, in
hood report great things, and indeed fcarce affording the fame Species of Fifh, as well as
credible, c£ our high Rocks, in producing fome variety
_. In the eaft part of the County, the river Dee of Alpine Plants. They are never taken by any
F
tains of Dee. springs
from two fountains, whence it is fup- bait, but in nets ; keeping on the bottom of
pofed to have deriv'd the name ; for they call it the Lake, and feeding on fin all fhells, and the
which alfo fignifies the number two; leaves of water Gladiol *, a Plant peculiar to „.
DW),
though others contend that the itthefe
took name
- .. -Til
Mountain-Lakes. I
.

lacuftris
,.
Gladiolus
.

This river isfrom the word Duw, as if a facred river ; and On

the brow of this Lake, lies Bala, a fmall Clufii.
call'd inWelfli
fome again from £)«, which denotes black, from Town
with certain Privileges; having but tew^ ala *
Dowrdwy This river, after a ve- Inhabitants, and the HouJes rudely built ;
the colour of the water.
See Radno;
ftire. ry fhort courfe * is faid to pais entire, and which yet is the chief Market of thefe Moun-
Pa fie; C. unmix'd, through a large lake, call'd Lhyn 7e- taineers.
+ Corruptly ^j in Enelifh Pimble Meat-, and t Plmlyn Mear, TThe word Bala, tiiough now very feldom,
n ll n
totYcn-lton
'
^ 1 ' *-
t
carrying out the fame quantity of water that (if at all ) ufed as an Appellative, denotes,
Guhli'ad Fifr.it. brought in. For neither are the Gwiniad, as the Author of the Latin-Britifh Dictionary
'which are a fifh peculiar to this lake, found in f informs us, the place where any River or ^Tho. Gulf-
nor any Salmons taken in the Brook iffues out of a Lake j as Aber fignifies
elmus.
the Dee
ide Davi &
;

lake, though common in the river ; fbut the fall of one river into another, &c. andy Pref,
this indeed may be no conclufive Argument hence Dr. Davies fuppofes this Town to be
becaufe we find that Fifh, as well as Birds denominated. In confirmation whereof, I add,
and Beafb, have their ftations Providentially that near the out-let of the River Seiont, out
of
 ;

793 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 794-

•The Lakeof Lhyn Peris in Caetnarvonffiire, there is a Skeleton. This is the only inftance I know,
1

Peris
oi St. Per,:. a ;B
| y Bda

^call»j
.

p l ace Others contend of burying in fuch places and yet they who
|] :

1_that in the
old Britifh, as well as Irifb, placed this Coffin here, might have regard to
tefhiif .

H. Perry, fignifies a Village. I incline to the former O- the perpetual prefervation of it ; feeing we
||

(in Dr. nav. pinion, and imagin, that upon farther enquiry, find by daily examples of
trees found in Tur-
D!ft ™ h other inftances befides thefe two might be found, beries, that fuch bituminous
°o" earth preferves
"° " fi
'° which would make it ftill more
The
t
evident. wood beyond all others.
fume frijb round Mount or Barrow at this Town, call'c The brals Arms were found in the year See Fig. 1,
words to be Tcnimeii y Bala, as alio that other about half a 1688, ina rock call'd. Ktareg Dhiwin, in the '5'
old Smifi. m;i e f'r0 m
it, call'd Brynlhysk, and a third at Petit Parifh of Eethkilert.
They feem to be fhort
AIvjnv:gl y Lhyn, in the fame neighbourhood, Swords or Daggers, and to
have been all caff
are fuppofed by their names, form, and iitua- in molds. They Were of different forms and
tion, not to have been erected for Urn-burial, lizes fome ot them
; being about two foot
but as Watch-mounts to command the road and long, others not exceeding twelve
inches fome :

adjacent places, upon the Roman Conqueft ot flat, others quadrangular,

&c. About fifty of
this Country. them were found by removing a great flone ;
Not far from her.cc in the Parifh of Lhau fo near the furface of the ground, that they
itw' Lhyn, we Ca- were almoft in fight. I have been inform'd,
find the ruins of an ancient
ftle, ot which no Author makes mention.
It that feveral were gilt
but twenty or thirty :

CaftelbCorn- i s call'd Caflelb Comdcchen, a name of which I

that I faw ot them when firft found, were
docben. can give no account ; and is feated on the top
all cover 'd with a bluifh fcurf Their handles
of a very Iteep Rock, at the bottom of a plea-
probably were of wood, for they were all
fant Valley. It (hews the ruins of a Wall,
wafted and there remain'd only ( and that :

and, within that, of three Turrets, a fquare, a

but in very few) two brafs nails that faften'd
round,and an oval one, which isthe largeft. The them, which weie fomething of the form of
Mortar was mix'd with Cockle-fhells, which chair-nails, but headed or riveted on each fide
mufthave been brought hither by Land-carriage, fo that they could not be taken out without
about fourteen miles. It feems probable that breaking the round holes wherein they were 1

this Caltle, as alfo fuch another ( but much placed ; which they did
not fill up, but hung
lets) in Traws-vynydb Parifh, call'd Caftelh Pry- loofe in them. Such w-eapons have been found
fir, were built by the Romans, but nothing elfewhere in Wales and thofe were probably of ;

certain can be afnrm'd herein. the fame kind, which were found at the foot
We have not room here to take notice of fe- of St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall, fuppos'd
vcral other places remarkable, and fhall there- to be Britifh.l
tore only mention a gilt Coffin, and fome brafs Hugh, Earl of Chefter, was the firft Norman
Arms, found there of late years. The Coffin that feiz'd this Country, and planted garrifons
was difcover'd about the year 1684. in a Tur- in ir, whilft Grufydh
l af * Kynan was his prifo-* Conanus.
tBoggy ot bery f, call'd Movsnog yjtratgwyii near Maes y ner but he afterwards recovering this land :

m °° r h ^andy. It was of wood, and fo well preferv'd, with the reft of his Principality,
left it to his
h'rl

tni, t tne gilding rem ain'd very frefh ; and is Pofterity,

f Tln'-ft
tucl !r*
tans are r
o
.
-
° .
, .
,
who poffefs'd it till their fatal period
.

dug-up. iald t0 have contain d an extraordinary large in Prince Lhewelya.

There aye in this County 3 7 Parijhes.

CAERNARFONSHIRE.
Bove Meirionydhfhire, lies th; incumber'd with woods and lakes, that they
County which the Britains are not only unpayable to an army, but even
call Sir Caernarvon, and th* to men Wemay very pro- *Exoedhi
f lightly appointed.
Englifh Caernarvonflnre (from perly call thefe Mountains the Britifh
Alps The Brnifo ;

chief Town, ) and, b'

the for, befides that they are the higheft in ail
the AI P S «
the divifion of Wales Ifland, they are alfo no lefs inacceflible,
fore
by
into Counties, Snowdon Forejl reafon of the fteepnefs of their rocks, than the
:

whence in Latin Hiftorians it Alps themfelves ; and do all of them encom-

is call'd Snaudonia as alfo Arvonia, becaufe it pafs one hill, which far exceeding all
'>

the reft
lies oppohte to the Ifland of Mono or Anglesey. in height, does fo towre the head aloft,
that it
Tiie north and weft parts of it border on the feems, I fhall not fay, to threaten the Sky, but
Sea ; the fouth on Meirionydtjhire ; and on the to thruft its head into it. And yet it har-
Conwy, riv eaft the riverCcmvy divides it from Denbighfbire. bours Snow continually, being throughout the
The mr.ritim part of it is fertile enough, and year cover'd w ith it
or rather with a harden'd * Nivium ;
fe.
well-peopled ; efpecially that fouth-wefl Pro- cruft * of Snow of
many years continuance f. nh.
montory, which with it's crocked ftiores faces And hence the Britifh name of Kreigieu Eryrev^ in th[s he
Othpitarum, orSt. David's Land, in Penbrokefhire. and that of Swwdcn in Englifh ; both which S ifi
"j 2*
£J
But for the inner parts, nature has raifed ffeem tol fignifie Snowy Mountains : So, Nipha-Sl,?.^,
them far and wide into high Mountains (as if tes in Armenia, and Imaus in Scythia, as Pli- Snowdon-
fue would f condenfe here within the bowels ny informs us, were denominated from Hills *
Snow.
ht(\uS Irfuix of the earth, the frame of this Ifland ) and But it is obferv'd by others, that the
; Britifh
vifceribus ter- made a men, fafe retiring-place for the Britains name of thefe Mountains KreigieiCr Eryreu,
rx deifaret. h>_
intime of war. For here arc fuch a number of nines Eagle Rocks, which are generally under-
rocks and craggy places, and fo many valleys ftood by the Inhabitants to be fo call'd
from
5 H the
 1

705 ORDEVICES. 79 6
the Eagles that formerly bred here too plenti- Kamedh y Wydhva, call'd commonly Klogvjyn y
fully,and do yet haunt thefe Rocks fome years, Gamedh (which is probably the higheil Rock
though not above three or four at a time, and in the three Kingdoms,) Krib y | Diskil, Trig-\ Call'd fo
jrru
c '.'
that commonly one fummer in five or fix
t,
co- vykhau, or as it is generally, and perhaps nu>re"
;
£ .yr '

ming hither, as is fuppos'd, out of Ireland. truly, pronounced y Du-gyvylcha: II, and yKlog-*^^,, iut
Had the mountains been denominated from wyn dii yrnhfo y Glyder, which arc all near Lhan water drops

Snow, the name mull have been Kreigieur Eira, Berys, and well known to the Shepherds. Such down this
whereas the Welih always call them Eryreu. as have not feen Mountains of this kind, are P^P*";,
r t r r continually.
not_ able to frame an Idea
1 1

Nor do the ancientefl Authors that mention , i 1

of them, from the iu e _ Xreial-

them, favour that other Etymology ; tor Gi- hills of more champain or lower Countries. Vylcheu.
raldus Cambrenlis writes it Eryri (which dif- For whereas fuch hills are but fingLe heights
fers nothing in pronunciation from the prefent or floreys, thefe are heap'd upon one another;
name,) and Ninnius, who writ Anno 85S, He- fo that having chmb'd up one Rock, we come
riri. However, feeing the Englifh call it Snow- to a Valley, and raoft commonly to a Lake ;
don, the former derivation was not without and paffing by tint, we afcend another, and
grounds and it is pofliblethe watdyrau might
; fometimes a third and a fourth, before we ar-
be either the ancient pronunciation, or a cor- rive at the highefl Peaks.
ruption cf eira ; and fo thefe Rocks call'd Krei- Thefe Mountains, as well as Kader Uris and Rocks,
giau yr Trau, which might afterwards be writ- fome others in Meirionydhfhire, differ from
ten Kmgim Eryreu.~\ thole by Brecknock, and elfewhere in South-
Notwithfiandiiig the Snow, thefe Mountains Wales, in that they abound much more with
are fo fertile in grafs, that it is a common laying naked and inacceffible Rocks ; and that their
among the Welfh, That the mountains of Eryreu lower skirts and valleys are always either co-
•would, in cafe of netefBty, afford Paflure enough for ver'd, or fcatter'd over, with fragments of
all the Cattel in Wales. I fhall fay nothing of Rocks of all magnitudes, moll of which I pre-
the two lakes on the tops of thefe Mountains fume to have fall'n from the impendent Cliffs.
(in one of which there floats a wandering IQand, But of this, fomething more particular may be
and the other affords plenty of Fifh, each where- feen in Mr. Ray's Phyfco-Theological Difcourjes ;p a g, 2 s<.
of has but one eye ; ) left I might feem to coun- wherefore I fhall mention here only two pla-
f See below, tenance f Fables :though fome, relying on Gi ces, which feem'd to me more especially re-
raldus's authority, have believ'd both. How- markable. The firft, is the fummit, or utrnoft
ever, that there are lakes and {landing waters top of the Glyder (a Mountain above-mention'd Glyder.
on the tops of thefe mountains, is certain as one of the higheft in thefe parts) where I
whence Gervafe of 'Tilbury, in his book entitfd obferv'd prodigious heaps of flones, many of
Otia hnptrialia, writes thus: In the laud of Wales chem of the largenefs of thofe of Stone-henge*,* See Wilt-
"' 1-6 *
within the bounds of Great Britain, are high Moun- but of all the irregular fhapes imaginable ; and
1

tains, -which have laid their foundations on exceeding all lying in fuch confufion, as the ruins of any
* This, antr-fiayd rocks ; on the* tops whereof the ground is Jo building can be fuppos'd to do. Now I mutt
ror. See be where you do but jujl place your foot. confefs, I cannot well imagin how this hath
- boggy, that

you U perceive it to move a flones cajl off. Where- happen'd .- for that they fhould be indeed the

fore upon any furprije of an enemy, the Welfl) by ruins of fome Edifice, I can by no means allow*
their agility skipping over that boggy ground, do ei- in regard that molt of them are altogether as

ther efcape their affaults, or refolutely expect them, irregular as thofe that have fall'n to the Val-
while they advance forward to their own ruin. Jo- leys. Let us then fuppofe them to be the
annes Sarisburienjis, in his Polycraticon, calls the Skeleton of the hill, expos'd to open view, by
Inhabitants of thefe Mountains by a new-coin'd rains, fnow, &c. but how came they to lye
word Nivi-collinos ; of whom he wrote thus in acrofs each other in this confufion ? fome ot
the time of Henry the fecond. Nivicoliini Bri- them being ot an oblong fiat form, having
tones inuunt, Sec. The Snowdon-Britains make in- their two ends (ex. gr.) eaft and weft ; others
roads ; and being now come out of their caverns and laid athwart thefe : fome flat, but many in-
woods, they feixe the plains of our Nobles, and be- clining, being fupported by other {tones at the
fore their faces, affault and overthrow them, or re- one end ; whereas we find by Rocks and Quar-
tain what they have got ; becauje our youth, who ries, that the natural pofition of ft ones is much
delight in the houfe and ffoade, as if they were born more uniform. Had they been in a valley, 1
only to confume the fruit of the land, fleep commonly fhould have concluded, that they had fall'n
till broad day, &c. from the neighbouring Rocks, becaufe we find
fAmongfl thefe Mountains, the moll noted frequent examples of fuch heaps of flones aug-
are Mod y Wydhva, y Glyder, Kamedh Dhavidh, mented by acceffion of others tumbling on them ;
and Karnedh Lhewelyn ; which are very proper but being on the higheif part of the hill, they
ly called the Britifh Alps. For befides their ex- feem'd to me much more remarkable.
traordinary height, and craggy precipices, and The other place, which I thought no lefs ob-
their abounding with Lakes and Rivers, and fervable, though for contrary reafons (that be-
being cover'd with Snow for a confiderabk ing as regular and uniform, as this is difor-
part of the year ; they agree alfo with the der'd and confus'd :) is this. On the weft-fide
* See Ray's Alps in producing feveral of the fame * Plants, of the fame hill, there is amongft many others
aud *"ome -^ nimals > as particularly Morula Sa- one naked Precipice f, as ftecp as any I have Thfs K! .

B 1 °iihPlants
'
a
'xatilis Aldrovandi, call'd here, and in Meirio- feen ; but fo adorn'd with numerous equidi-^n is near
nydhfhire, Mwyalchen y Graig, 1. e. Rock-ouzf ftant Pillars, and thefe again {lightly crofs'd atTngvylchau;
or 1S P erha ps
and Eerg-Amzel, or Moun- certain joynts; that fuch as would favour the
in Switzerland,
fUmbla mi- tain Black-bird; and the Torgoch, a Fifh \- Hypothefis of the ingenious Author ot the &f-[, ut dillin- *
nor Gefneri,
y
w ch Mr Ray foppofeS to be the fame with eyed Theory, might fuppofe it one fmall patterngui/li'd by no
||

Wiiioimh. tne * Roetel of the Alpine Lakes, In thefe of the Antediluvian Earth. But this feem'd particular
II
name *
Ichthyol. Mountains (as probably in the Alps alfo, and to me much more eafily accounted for than the
* The -word ther places of this kind) the greatelt variety former; for it was evident, that the gullets or
Kcetei [igm-
^ rare pj ants are foun d in the higheft and interltices between the pillars, were occalion'd

with Torgocb. Rocks.

ff eepeft The places here that afford by a continual dropping of water down this
befl entertainment for Eotanifis, are, Klogwjn Cliff, which proceeds from the frequent Clouds,
Rains
 ;

797 CAERNARVONSHIRE. 79 8
Rains and Snow, that this high Rock, expos'd ftor'd with Fifh,
but g ncrally thev afford no
to a wefterly Sea-wind, is fubjecf to. But other kinds than Trout and Eel. The Torgo-
that the effects of fuch ftorms ate more re- chiaid or red Charres (if we may fo call them)
markably regular on this Cliff than others, are found in fome
oilier Lakes of this County
proceeds partly from its (ituation, and partly and Meirianydli,
befides Lhyu Peris. But this
from the texture or conftitution of the fton'e Lake of St. Peris affords
another kind of Al-
it confifts of However, we mull allow a na- pine Fifh ;and by the defcription I hear of
tural regularity in the frame of the Rock, it, I fufpeft
it to be the Gelt or Gilt Cham of
which the {forms only render more conlpicu- Wiuandcrmcar in Vv'eftir.oiiand,'
which Mr.
ous. Wiilmtghby and Mr. Ray conclude to be the fame
Snow, not That thefe Mountains are, throughout the with the Carfio Lams licnaci
of Rhondeletius
conlianlly year, cover'd either with Snow, or a harden i and Gefner.
here.
The feafon here for catching
erufk of Snow of fcveral years continuance, & c. is both, begins about the
eleventh of November,
a wiMlg notion, probably receiv'd from fome and continues for a month. Thefe Fifli, as
perfons who had never been at them. For ge- well as the Guiniad of Lhyn Tegid
in Meirio-
nerally fpeakiug, there is no Snow here from nydhfhire, are never taken by bait, but always
the end of April to the midft of September. in nets, near Pontvawr, in the river Seiom,
Some heaps excepted, which often remain near which iffues out of this Lake, and is cali'd now
the tops of Moel y Wydhva and Karmdh Lhewe- corruptly Avon y Sam, from St. Petis.
Ijtti till the midft ot June, e'er they are totally
I obferv'd, that the Inhabitants of thefe
•wafted. It often (hows on the tops of thefe Mountains call any low Country Hendrev, which
Mountains in May and June but that Snow, fignifies the ancient
;
habitation ; and that it is a,
or lather Sleet, melts as falf as it falls ; and common tradition among them, as alfo amongft
the fameftlower that falls then in Snow on the thofe that inhabit the like places in Brecknock-
high Mountains, is but Rain in the Valleys. fhire and Radnorshire, that the Irtfb, were the
As for an inemftation of Snow or Ice of fe- ancient Proprietors of their Country. Which
veral years continuance, we know not in Wales I therefore thought
remarkable, becaufe it is
||
Joan. Jac. what it means: Though Wagnems tells us impoffible that either
II thofe of South-wales
they are common in the Alps of Switzerland. fhould receive it from
thefe, or the contrary
femfore zjlivo, &c. i.e. in fummer-time feeing they have no
Helvetica- communication, there be-
riofa. Sett. i.
,lx u t s >} < he Alfs have perpetual/™/?, and per ing a Country ot about fourfcore
miles inter-
petual fnow : And adds, "there am Mountains
pof'ed.l
crown d -with hillocks or vafl heafs offuch Ice, cali'd
But let us now defcend from the Mountains
ky them Firn or Gletfchcr, which may be fre-
to the Plains ; which we find only by the
fumd
to have tontimi d for two or three thoufand Sea, and therefore it may
fuffice if we coaft a-
years, infomuch that for hardnefs it may feem to be
long the fhore.
rather Cryftal than Ice, &c.
That Promontory which we have obferved
Lakes. The number of Lakes in this mountainous already to be extended to
the fouth-weft, is
tracf, may be about fifty or threefcore. I took cali'd in the feveral Copies of
Ptolemy, QzB-Canganurn.
a Catalogue of fifteen, vifible from the top of
ganum, Jangamim, and Langamuu. Which is
Med y Wydhva. Thefe are generally denomi- trueft, I know not but
; it may feem to be
nated either from the rivers they pour forth,
Langamim, feeing the Inhabitants at this day
or from the colour of their water amongft call it Lhyn. It runs in with a narrow
,-

which I obferv'd one, under the higheft Peak ftrait Peninfula, and Lhyn.
having larger Plains than the
of Snowdon, cali'd Fynon las, that fignifies the
reft ot this County, which yield plenty of
Green Fountain, which I therefore thought re-
Barley. It affords but two fmall Towns worth
•Obfervati- markable, becaufe Mr. Ray *obferves that the
our notice : the innermoft, at the bay, cali'd
ems Tope,- waters of fome of the Alpine Lakes, are alfo
Pwlh belt, which name fignifies the Salt Pool Pl,lh Eli -
s" p ' °''illclin'd to that colour. Others receive their and the other by the Iriih Sea (which
wafhes
names from fome Village or Parifh-Church ad-
joyning, or from a remarkable Mountain or
one part of this Peninfula,) cali'd Nevin, * a * Vitam «w
fmall trading Village ; where, in the year "»"••""
Rock under which they are lituated ; and fome Ncv n ' -
1284. the Englilh Nobility (as Florilegus
there are (though very few) diftinguilhed by
writes) triumphing over the' Weill), celebrated
names fcarce intelligible to the beft Criticks
the memory of Arthur the Great with Tourna-
in the Britifli, as Lhyn Teirtl, Lhjn Eigiau, Lhyn
ments and feliival Pomp. If any more Towns viu Grufjdl
+ Somcm,gnt Lhydaw }, &c GiraUm Cmbun/is (as was be-
fiourifll'd here, they were then deft roy'd, whenfi 1 - Cmam,
.

'"foreobferved) informs us of two Lakes oi

IZ'CJ, Hugh Earl of defter, Robert of Rutland, and
Kiigs-mear the higheft tops of thefe Mountains one re- Guarin of Salop (the firft Normans
and Slide-
;
markable for a wandering Ifiand ; and the other vanced
who ad-
thus far ) fo wafted this Promontory,
near; the for monocular Fifh. To this we mull beg that tor feven years it lay defolate.
word Tein
leave to anfwer, that amongft all the Lakes
lignifying in From Nevin, the fhore, indented with two
King this mountainous Country, there is none
feated or three Promontories, is continued north-
Prince and on the higheft part of a hill, nil of them be-
:
wards. ; and then turning to the north-eaft,
1&2 S
S*
iDS
'j"T
a d '",
,
V
.alloys eitner higher or lower,
pafles by a narrow frith or chanel cali'd Meneu, Meneu, or
°/J!u thf e,"
d fed b >' the S
,

P""g s •>" d RTralets" of 'the which feparates the Ifle of Ang/efey from t\K "" L Ses M
Rocks and Cliffs that are above them. The 5"
firm land. Upon this Fretum, flood the City £„
by we call Ar- Lake wherein he tells us there's a wandc nng
Segontium, mention'd by Antoninus; of the walls Sego'ntinm.
Korlca ; but Ifiand, is a fmall Pond, cali'd
Lhyn y Dywar- whereof I have feen lbme ruins near a fmall
SlfeSut*" Cj;* £*»
cefiitis,) (mm a little green Church built in honour of
St. Publicus. It took Lhan Bellic.
we know of. moveable patch, vhich is all the occafion of the its name from a river that runs by it, cali'd to
Fable of the wandering Ifiand ; but whence
this day Setup, which iffues out of the lake
that other of monocular Fifh (which he fays
Lhyn Peris, in which they take a peculiar Fifh,
were found .alfo at two places in Scotland) not feen
elfewhcre, cali'd by the Inhabitants
took beginning, I have nothing to fay, but from
_ its red belly, Torgoch. Now, feeing an Torzoch fifh.
that it is credibly reported that' Trotits
having ancient copy of Ptolemy places the haven of the See above.
only one eye are iornetimes taken at Lhyn
ykwn Setantii on this coaft, which other copies re-Setantii.
near Um
Berys. Moft of thefe Lakes are well move much farther 08"
; if I fhould read it

Segontitr
799
ORBEV ICES. 800
fay it was at far ss the river Ccrr^y, the eaftem limit ot tWxsConwy rh
Segontiorum Porttm, and (hould
J
_ ... r, ,-T- ,->1lM TV, °-
This river is call'd in Ptolemy, Tai- <»£ d ° :r
- , - T -
T
I (hould come County.
the mouth of this river, perhaps has crept into
ylu '

near the truth; at toft, a

candid reader would ftrvius for Conovius ; an error that
calls this City Copies from a
compendious way ot writing
pardon the conjecture. N
minus
It fprings out of a lake ot the fame
author of the lite o Greek.
Km Kyflmydh, and the
Hugh Earl ot name, in the fouthern limit of the County ;
Grujydh ap Kynatt tells us, that within a
Chefler built a cattle at Hen
Gaer Kyftemn ; and haftens to the Sea, being confin'd
The an- very narrow and rocky chanel, almoft to the
which the Latin Interpreter renders.
Emperor Moreover, very mouth of it. This river breeds a kind
Conflantine.
cient city of the
but of Shells, which being impregnated with dew,
Matthw of Weitminfter hath recorded
that the body produce Pearl. Tit is probably one of the no-Peails,
herein I will not vouch for him)
Conftantme the bleft itreams, of the length, in Europe ; for
of Omftamius, the father of
year 1283, and whereas the whole courfe of it is but twelve
Great, was found here in the
ot the new miles, it receives fo many Brooks and Rivu-
honourably inter'd in the Church
Edward the lets from the bordering Mountains of Snow-
Town, by command of King it bears Ships of burden for eight of
who at that time built the Town don, that
ot
fitft,
Caern>rvon.^; an .'„ Arvon, out of the ruins of this City them. And hence, if I may be free to con-
mouth ot the river ; jeclure, it receiv'd its name ; for fuppofing that
little higher, by the
wafhes it on the Gwy ( or Wy ) fignifies a River ; Kfnwy or See Radnsr- II

fuch a iituation, that the Sea

II

(for in Etymologies we regard the pro-j&<Ve.

weft and north. This, as it took the name Conwy
Mo- nunciation, not the orthography ) muft denote
from its fituation, as app ofite to the Iftand
that name to the an extraordinary great or prime river : the Parti-
na fo did it communicate
Englifh call it cle Kyn prefix'd in compound words, being ge-
whole County: for thence the
nerally augmentative, or elfe fignifying the firft
Caernarvonjbire. This Town is encompafied
fmall circumfe- and chief. As Kyn-kan, extraordinary white ;
with a firm Wall, though of
and [hews Kyndyn, very ftiff or obftinate ; Kynraid, the An-
circular form
rence, and almoft of a ;

tediluvian world Kyndhydh, the dawning of

takes up all the welt- ;

a beautiful Caftle, which

private buildings, for the
The man- the day ; Kynverthyr, a Protd-martyr, &c. And
fide of it.
and the civility (that we may note this by the way) I
fufpecl
ner of the Country, are neat; the fame originally
commended. 1 hey the word Cyn to have been
of the Inhabitants much
Edward with the Irifh Cean, i.e. Head; whence Kyn-
efteem it a great honour, that
King
that his ion tav fignifies the firft, quad pennav the
chiefeft;
the firft was their founder, and
and Dr. Davies fuppofes the word Kyndharedh,
Wales
Edward the fecond, the firft Prince ot
e. Megrim or Vertigo, to be equivalent
in fig-
there ; who
of Englifh extraftion, was born
i.

More- with Pendharedh. If this may be al-

nification
was therefore filled Edward of Caernarvon.
low'd, I know not but theft* proper names,
here their Chan-
over, the Princes of Wales had
Cungetorix, Qmobelinus, Cuneglajus, and Cunota-
their Jufticiary for
cery, their Exchequer, and * Kynvelyn,
North Wales.
mm (call'd in Britifh Kyntwrch, * s „ ths i„.
r
hence on the lame Kjnglai, and Kynidhav | )
might bear the in- fcripcions in
111 a bottom feven miles FembrotcJbirC'
enclofed on the terpretation of Chcemephalus, Flavicomus, Canus
Bangor. Fretum, lies Bangor or Banchor,
mountain, and and Capita, or Bucephalus ; fince we find th at + ^^j;
fouth-fide with a very fteep
call d a ebon perfons of the greateft dignity were filled by Dm Sol$
with a Hill on the north-fide ; fo ^

others lup- iuch firnames, not only among the Britains, but
pukhn, from a keatttiful Quire or as ;

place of a CMaire f. the Romans alfo,

and probably moft Nations
tSeeDr.-Da-pofe, qrnfi hem chori, the
it s D10- in thefe parts of Europe.
it,,; Wellh It is a Bifhop's Sec, and contains in
Diftionary in The Cathedral is confecra- The Pearls of this river are as large and well
ce f» „ 6 p.nifhts.
tl,ewordii»«. It is no colour'd as any we
find either in Britain or
t(id tQ Dmit it once Bifhop thereof :

for here,
having been burnt by that Ireland, and have probably been fifh'd
fir,°"aJ%veiy &ir building,
chief Cfarm. molt profligate Ribel Owen Glyn Dowrdwy,
who ever fince the Roman Couqueft, if not fooner.
ot all the For it is evident,
that Pearls were in efteem a-
defign'd no lefts than the deftruSlon feeing we
* rebuilt mongft the Britains before that time,
•XcflatrM. Cities of Wales. It was afterwards Carfar dedicated a Nlt h;».
the El read in Plinyf, that Julius + .

in the time of Henry the feventh, by placing it in herl.o.c. 35.

not yet re- Breaft-plate to Venus genitrix,
(hop thereof, Henry Deny ; but hath over
cover'd it's ancient fplendour. Now, it is on- Temple at Rome, all cover'd or ftudded
haye been
Vita Gruf. ly a fmall Town ; but heretofore it was fo with Britifh Pearls which muft :

Britains, and not difcover'd

it was receiv'd from the
coniiderable, that for it's large extent,
Soldiers, for he advanced not
fortified with a here by his own
call'd Battgor-iiavcr, and was
than one hundred miles oft any
caftle by Hugh Earl of
Chefler, of which (tho much nearer
not difcover river that affords them.
The Britifh and Irifh
I made diligent enquiry ) I could large black Mufcle (figu-
the very Pearls are found in a
the leaft footfteps. It was feated at
chanel, where Ed- red and defcribed
by Dr. Lifter,) under the ti-
entrance of this Fretum or
to build a tle of Mufculus niger
omnium crajfiffimi ponde- &
ward the firft attempted in vain * ; by which it is fufficiently di-» Append, ad
into the rofifma tefti
bridge, that his Army might pafs over They are pe-Traft. de
(hall ftinguifh'd from all other
(hells.
Ifland Mcna or Anglejey ( of which we com- Animal,
fpeak in its proper place.) Here alfo, as
we find cullar to rapid and ftony rivers ; and are A ?"
over with mon in Wales, and in the
North of England, "6'-
in Tacitus, Paulinas Suetonius pafs'd of Ireland. In
and and in Scotland, and fome parts
the Roman foldiers : the horfe at a ford,
this Country, they are called by the vulgar
the foot in flat-bottom 'd boats. as if Nature
Kregin Dili™, e. Deluge-ihclls ;
From hence the fhore with a fteep afcent
i.

for the rivers ; but be-

palles by a very high and
perpendicular rock had not intended fhells
Univerfal Deluge,
J'cnmaen- call'd Pen maen maw
; which hanging
over the ing brought thither by the
propagated
mawr. Sea, affords Travellers but a very
narrow paf- they had continu'd there, and fo
ready their kind ever fince. They
who 6H1 here for
fage ; where the rocks on one hand feem the out-fide of thefe
other, is Pearls, know partly by
to fall on their heads ; and on the any ; for gene-*
the roaring ofSea a depth.
vaft But having Mufcles, whether rhey contain
fuch as have them, are a little contraaed
rally
pafs'd this, together with Pen maen bychan, e.
i.

extends it felf as or diftorted from their ufual fhape. A curious

the leffer rocky Promontory, a Plain and
'6oi CAERNARFONSHIRE: 802
and accomplifh'd Gentleman lately of thefe And as thofe two places above-meation'd were
* Robert W9*» parts * (uhofe untimely death I have reafon, CallM Kaer Lheion (i. e. Urbs Legionum) from the
of U&d Yskal- amongft many others, to bewail) ftiewM me a Legions that had their ihtions there, with
lien, Efq.
valuable Collection of the Pearls of this river; the addition ot the names of the rivers on
amongfl: which I noted a flool-pearl, of the which they were feated ; fo I fufpect, this place
form and bigncfs of lelfer butt on -mold, weigh- might be call'd anciently Kaer Lheion ar Gynivy,
ing feventeen grains, and diftmguinVd on the becaufe we find a hill near it, call'd at this
convex fide with a fair round fpot of a Corne- day Mynydh Caer Lheion, i. e. Kaer Lheion Moun-
lian colour, exactly in the center.] tain. The Ute Sir 7%mas Moftyn Baronet, who
Conovium. The Town of Conovium mention'd by Anto- may be juflly fHl'd a Gentleman of exemplary
ninus, receiv'd it's name from the river which qualifications, fhewed me amongft his valua-
:

Town, though it be now quite deftroy'd, and ble Collection of Antiquities, fome Curiofities
the very name, in the place where it flood, which he had received from this place. A-
extinct ; yet the Antiquity of it is preferred in mongft thefe, I noted a hollow brick, taken
A-Kairbea is tne prefent name for f in the ruins of it we trom the Hypocauff above-mention'd, thirteen
:

3 mile> Kaer hen, which fig- inches long, and five and a half fquare, having
above find a fmall Village call'd
Conwajf. the old City, fit is now called Kaer a round hole in the midft, of about two inches
nifies
Rhun, which probably is a corruption oh Kaer diameter, the thicknefs of the brick not ex-
hen
: unlcfs we fhould rather fuppofe it calfd ceeding three quarters of an inch. Of this I
T Gaer hjn, which fignifies the elder Town or thought a figure might be acceptable to the
City, with reference to the Town of Conway Curious, and have therefore added one at the
,

which was built out of the ruins of it. The end of thefe Welfh Counties*; as alio of a* Fig. 8.
common tradition of this neighbourhood is, round piece of Copper found here, and pre-
that it received its name trom Rhim ap Maelgwn ferv'd in the fame Collection, which 1 thought
Gwynedb, who Hv'd about the end of the fixth very remarkable. It is fomewhat of the form
Century ; tor his Father, whom Gildas calls of a Cake of Wax ; eaven or flat on one fide,
Maglocunus ( which word I fuppofe fome Co- and convex on the other; about eleven inches
pyiit writ erroneoufly for Maelocunus ) and, over, and forty pounds weight. It is uneaven
who, by way of Invective, is call tt alfo in the margin or circumference, and fomewhat
Draco Infularis , or IJland Dragon, died ragged on each fide ; and on the flat fide hath
-Mr. Robert about the year 5S6 *. This I fufpeci, was at an oblong fquare funk in the midft, with an
Vaugkan's firft no other than the conjecture of fome An- Infcription as in the figure This he fuppo-f Fig. 19.
f.
MS. tiquary, conceived from the affinity of the names. fed to have been a piece of rude Copper or
which being communicated to others, became at Bullion, and that the Infcription was only the
length a current Tradition, as we find too ma- Merchant's ftarnp, or direction to his Corref-
ny more have, on the like occafion but whe- pondent at Rome adding, that there were fome
: :

ther Rhun ap Maelgwn gave name to this place figns of a Roman Copper-work near Trevriw,
or not, it is certain it was a City long before about three miles hence, and elfe where in this
his time, there being no room to doubt but neighbourhood, whence it was probable they
this was the old Conovium ot the Romans, men- had dug it.
tion'd in the Itinerary. In the year 880. a memorable Battel waSAber-Kyn*
Not many years fince, there was a Roman fought near Aber Kynwy, betwixt Anamwd^yBntcl
Hypocauff. diicovcr'd at this place, agreeable in Prince of North- Wales, and Eadred Duke of
all refpefts (by the account I hear ot it) with Mcrcia j of which that judicious Antiquary,

thofe found at Kaer Lheion ar \vysk, mention'd Mr. Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt, gives the fol-
by Giraldus and near Hope in Flintshire, as lowing account, in fome notes he writ on Dr.
;

defcribed before in that County. So that in Powel's Hiftory of Wales.

all places in Wales, where any Legions had After the death of Roderic the Great, the Nor-
their flation, fuch ftoves or hot vaults, &c. have them Britons of Stratclwyd and Cumberland,
been difcover'd thofe at Kaer Lheion ar Wysk were (as He&or Boethius and Buchanan relate)
:

being made by the Legio Secunda Augufta ; that much infefted and -weakened -with the daily incur/ions
near Hope by the twentieth Legion (entitled of Danes, Saxons, and Scots ; which made many
of
Britannica Valens ViBrix, which lay at Kaer them {all that would not fubmit their necks to the
Lheion ar Dhowrdwy, or Weff-chefter ; ) and this, yoke) to quit their country, and feek out more quiet
by the Tenth Legion. For I find in fome habitations. Under the condutl of one Hobert, they
*Mr.rPi7f/<Mw notes °f a late* Reverend Divine, that he had came to Gwynedh *, in the beginning o/'Anarawd'j* North-
BrhidaJ, Re- feen feveral Brick-tiles, which were found reign ; who commiferaiing their di/hejfed condition,^ aIes '
-

ftorof Lhin-near this Church of

Kaerhyn, inferib'd LEG- gave them the country from Chefter to the river

Gate' p 122 ^" ^ ot tne tent ^ Legion, which Julim Cafar Conwy to inhabit, if they could force out the Sax-
' ' "brought with him (for none ever dreamed that ons, who had lately poffejjed themfelves thereof.
he came thus far,) but the tenth Legion called Whereupon, thefe Britons firft engaged the Saxons
;
Antoniana (which ferv'd under Oflorim, againft and, neceffity giving edge to their valour, foon drove
the Silures and Or devices'-,) as appears by the them out thence, being y t fcarce warm in their feats.
t

following Coin, dug-up in Caermarthenfhire.
About three years after thu, An. Dom. 880, Edryd
Walhthir \, King of the Saxons (called by r/je -r Id eft,
made L ™£' ha ' r d
'
Englifh Hijhriam Eadred Duke of Mercia) '

great preparations for the regaining

of the faid coun-
try ; but the northern Britons, who had
fettl'd
there, having intelligence thereof; for the better
fe-
curing of their cattel and goods, removed them
over
the river Conwy. In the mean time, P. Anarawd
was not idle ; but gather d together all the ftrength he
could make. His army
encamp 'd near Conwy, at a
place calld Kymryd, where he and his men
ma-
king reftftance againft the affaults of the
Saxon power,
at length, after a bloody fight, obtain'd
^ a compleat
victory. Thu battel 1 H called Gwaith Kymryd,
5 * Konwy,
 '

8oq ORDEVICES. 804.

Komvy, becaufe it was fought in the Townjhip of veral other pans of Wales and that, of which ;

Kymryd, hard by Conwy ; but Anarawd cali'd it I have given a Figure (numb. 13.) is one or fe-
Dial Rodri, becaztfe he had there revengd the death ven or eight that were found ot late years at
of his father Rodri. In this battel, Tudwal the the opening of a Quarry on the fide or Moel yr
Jon oj Rodri Mawr receivd a hurt in the knee, Henlhys \ in Montgomery (hi re. Dr. Plot, in hisf. a Hill fo
which made him be cab'd Tudwal Glof, or the 'Natural Hillory of Staffordshire, mentions call'd in J?e-
Lame, ever'ajier. His brothers., to reward his va- fuch brafs Inflruments found at four feveral pla-" wefl p a tiQi.
* Jnrfctius lour and fervite, gave him Uchelogoed * Gwy- ces in thatCounty ; which, though they differ * Pas 4 ° 3 " "

Uchelgocd. nedh. The Britons purfuing their viclory, chafed fomething from ours, were yet in all likelihood
the Saxons quite out of Wales into Mercia ; when intended for the fame ufe. But that they
having burnt and defirofd the borders, they return d were Bolt-heads of Roman Catapult
a (as that
home laden with rich fpoils. Anarawd, to exprefs learned and ingenious Author fuppofes) feems
his thankjulnefs to God jor this great victory, gave to me fomewhat
questionable not only for :

lands and pofjefftons the Church of Bangor, at the that we no mention of brafs
to find Arms amongft
Recoids of that See do teflifie to the the Romans ;
; and likewife but partly becaufe they feem
Collegiate Church oj K'lynog as we not large enough for that ufe, nor well con-
in Arvon,
read in the extent oj North Wales. After this, the trived either for flight or execution and partly :

northern Britons came back from beyond the river becaufe Antiquaries take it for granted, that
Conwy, and pofjejfed again the lands affigned them the Britons had no wall'd Towns or Caftles
between Camay and Chefter, which jor a long time before the
Conqueft fo that fuch ma- Roman ;

after they peaceably enjoy d. Some Englifo Wri- chines as Catapulta and Bab'ifta: were unnecefiary
ters, as Mat. Weftmi niter, &c. not confidering, in this Ifland. If it be urged, that they might
probably, that the Britons had lands in Lhoegria be of ufe to cover the panes of rivers
or friths |f,|| Tacit An-
and Albania after King Cadwalader's time, take as that into Anglefey out of this County it nal lib ft> ?• ;
- «

thofe oj' Cumberland and Stradklwyd for the Bri- is evident, that they were not ufed 1" a
S^m
here on^J?'
tons oj Wales. Affer Menevenfis, who livd A. D
that occafion: for if fo, the Britifh army hady^^j *&*"*-
fChr. Sax. S75, fays, that \ Halden (/>e Dane marched into not been polled on the oppofite fhore to receive git pcr'atwiem
Healfdem. Northumberland, which having before the
he fiibdued, Romans (as * Tacitus cxprefly tells usC Eu P hra tem
c jcj'/a A the Bills 'and Britons of
conquer Stratcluid : they were) but had been compelTd to a farther
ford Edit.An. 1 _ J
in rcgionem Nordan-hymbrorunt perrexit, diftance.
^/g*ft
1691. hath It feems very probable, that the brafs
u^proturbat
Strecledenfes. eamque fubjugavit, necnon Pictos &
* Strat- &
Axes found at St. Michael's Mount in CornwaUBdr^^ ; in
Chron. Sax. cludenfes.l
were of this kind ; becaufe there were found q»osfaxa &
r
? "t$"
a' °
ut of tlie ruills of this Cit y ras hcLth been with them certain Arms of the fame Metal, hafi* lo,"^'
StrJhdmea. intimated! King Edward the firft built the like fhort fwords or daggers, fuch as we
findS^V^ra-
las. Tftrad new Town at the mouth of the river ; which is alfo in thefe parts, and have mentior/d in xhetrario
fighta-
Xlwyd Grilles therefore call'd Aber Conwy, a place that Hugh laft County. Of thofe, the Opinion is, thz.t ram Jaetu ai :
CWVDale Eafl of Chefler had fonified before- This they were Britifh : and indeed it is not to be*^,re ar '
or the Vale of 1 c
new Conwy, both
1 1 ,
in regard of us advantage- doubted but that they were "J
Cluyd fo, if the brafs lib- ™v.'
vvhence'i'ire- ous Situation, and for its being fo well fortifi- Arms there mention'd were really fwords (asSee Cornwall,
tted,Stracc!ed,ed, as alfo for a very neat Cattle by the river
is fuppofed,) tor no man will imagin that the
ndAweriri»fidej might deferve the name of a fmall City,
Romans ufed fwords of that metal and that :

variations^
Town, but that it is but thinly being granted, it will be fcarce questionable
rat ^ er tnan a
inhabited, fin the 3d year of King Charles 1, but the Axes and Spear-heads which are faid
Edward Lord Conway of Ragley, was created to be lodg'd with them, belong'd to the fame
Vifcount Conway of Conway- Caftlej and alfo Nation. For my own part, I mult confefs,
afterwards in the 31ft of King Charles 2, that for a long time I fufpe^tcd thefe Inflru-
Edward Lord Vifcount Conway (who had fuc- ments to be Roman (fuppofing them too artifi-
ceeded to another Edward) was created Earl cial to have been made by the Britons before
oi Conway ; w'hofe adopted heir, Francis Sey- the Romans civiliz'd them
; ) and that they
mour-Conway, was created Lord Conway, and were not fwords, &c. but intended for fome
Baron of Ragley, in the fecond year of her other ufes. But feeing they had gold and fil-
Majefty Queen Anne.l ver Coins betore that time (as all Anti-
Oppofite to Conwy on this fide the river quaries allow) and that it is fcarce questiona-
(though in the fame County) we have a vaft ble, but the golden Torques defcribed in the
Promontory with a crooked elbow (as if nature laft County was theirs and alfo that Pliny ;

had defign'd there an harbour for Ihipping) tells us the Druids cut down their MhTeltoe
Gogarth. call'd Gogarth ; where flood the ancient City or
with golden fickles: I know not but they might
Diganwy.
Dig anwy orj the fea of Conwy, which many ages have more arts than we commonly allow them,
fince, was confumed by lightning. This I fup- and therefore mult fufpend my judgment.
Diftiim. pofe to have been the City Ditlum, where un- There are in this County (as alfo in the
der the later Emperours, the commander of other Provinces of North-Wales) feveral remar-
the Nervii Dicienjes kept guard. As for it's kable old forts, and fuch ftone-monuments as
being afterwards call'd Diganwy : who fees not we have noted in the Counties of Caer-Mard-
that Ganwy is a variation only of Conwy and hin, Penbroke and Cardigan ; of which, becaufe
.-

Ganoc. that from thence alfo came the Englifli Game ? I have taken no defcrlpticn my felf, I fhall
for fo was the Caftle call'd, which in later here iniert, tor the fatisfaction of the curious,
times was built there by Henry the third. fome fhort notes out of a MS. written by a
TAbout ten years fmce, there were found at perfon of Quality in the reign of King Charles
sir John Win
this Caftle of Diganwy (or very near it) feveral the firil, and communicated to me by
my wor-of Guydyr,
brals Instruments, fomewhat of the fhape of thy friend Mr. Griffith Jones, School-mailer of
axes ; but whether they were Bricifh or Ro- Lhan R\Vjl.
man, or what ufe they were defigned for, I On the top of Penmaen, funds a lofty and im-
muff, leave to be determined by others. There pregnable Hi ll call'd Braich
y Dhinas ; where wBraichy Dhi-
were about fifty of them found under a great find the ruinom walls of an exceeding Jlrong fortiji- niS '

ftone, placed heads and points ; whereof fome cation, encompafsd with a treble wall,
and within
are yet prefcrv'd in the collection above-men- each wall the foundation of at leajl a hundred tow-
tion'd. Tiiefe have been alfo difcover'd in fe- all round and oj equal bignefs, and about fix
yards
 ,

8 Of ANGLES ET. 8©6

yards diameter, within the -malls. The watts oj this thofe times were common in tbofe parts) from dig-
Dinas xucj-£ in mofl places two yards thick, and in ging tip their bodies and partly as a memorial to
;

fame about This Caflle feems (while it flood) poflerity, that the bodies of men lay there inter d.
three.

impregnable, there being no way to offer any affault There are aljo about thefe heaps or Karnedheu,
to it ; the hill being fo very high, fleep, and rocky, feveral graves, which have flones pitch' d on end a-
and the watts oj fticb firengtb. The -may or entrance bout them, and are cover d with one or two large
into it ajcends with many turnings ; jo that a hun- ones. Thefe are prefumed to be the Monuments of
dred mm might defend tbemfehes againfl a whole the Commanders or greatefl perfons then /lain in bat-
Legion ; and yet it Jbould feem that there were tel ; but having nothing to inform ns herein, we
Lodgings within tbefe walls for twenty thoujand men. mufl rely on tradition and conjecture, &c.l

At the fummit of this rock, within the imermofl Soon after the Norman Conqueft, this Coun-
wall, there is a Well, which affords plenty of wa- try was govern'd by Grufydh ap Kfnan *, who* Conanus,
ter, even in the dryefl Summers. By the tradition not being able to repel the Engfifh-troops
we receive from our Ancefiors, this was the firongeft which made frequent inroads into Wales, was
and fafefl refuge or place oj defence that the anci- conftrain'd fometimes to yield to the ftorm.
ent Britons had in all Snowdon, to jecure them And when afterwards by his great Integrity
from Moreover, the he had gain'd the favour of King Henry the
the incurfions oj their enemies.
gteatnejs of the work fhews, that it wm
a princely firlt, he alio eafily recover'd his lands from the
j or tifcation, jirengthen d by nature and workman- EngUfhj and left them to his pofterity, who
Jjfip ; fated on the top oj one of the highefl moun- enjoy 'd them till the time ot Lhewelyn ap Gru-

tains of that part 0/ Snowdon, which f. But he having provok'd his brothers An account
lies towards the fydh
*-

of the life and

Sea. With injuries, and the neighbouring Englilh
death of this
About a mile from with incurfions, was at length brought to tnatexceli
this Fortification, ftands the
mofl remarkable Monument Snowdon,
ftrait, that he held this mountainous Country P"nce, ma
in all cal/'d
y
Y Meireu Y Meineu hirion upon the plain mountain, witb- (together with the Ilk of Mona or Anglefey) of be f".n ^
;

hirion. jn the par ijli oj Dwy Gyvylcheu, above Gwdliw King Edward the firit, as Tenant in&c's pay-poweliffi-''"
glas. It is a circular entrenchment, about twenty ing a thoufand Marks yearly. Which condi-floryofVa/M,
fix yards diameter ; on the out-fide whereof, are cer- tions when he afterwards would not Hand to, p. 314, tfc.

tain rude flone-pi liars pitch' d on end ; oj which a- but (following rather his own and iiis perfidi-
bout twelve are now fianding, jome two yards, and ous brother's obfb'nacy, than led on with any
others five foot, high ; and thefe are again encom- hopes of prevailing) would again run the ha-
paf'd with a fione-wall. It flands upon the plain zard of war; he was kill'd, and fo put an end
mountain, affoon as we come to the height, having to his own Government, and that of the Bri-
much eaven ground about it and not jar from it, tons in Wales.
;

there are three other large flones pitch' d on end in a rin the fourth year of King Charles the
triangular jorm. Robert Lord Dormer of Wing was ad- firft,
About three furlongs from Monument,
vanced to the title and dignity of Vifcount
this there
are feveral fuch vafl heaps oj fmatt flones as we
Afcot and Earl of Caernarvon ; and was fucceeded
call
Rarncdhcu. Karncdheu concerning which, the tradition
',
that therein
by Charles his fon and heir. Since which.
is,

a memorable battel was fought near this place be- this honourable title hath been confer'd on
twixt the Romans and Britons ; wherein, after much James Brydges, eldeft fon of James Lord Chan-
/laughter on both fides, the latter remaining conque- dots,inverted for fome time with both thefe
rors, buried their dead in heaps, cafiiyig thefe flones Titles, and lately advanced to the higher ho-
*
on them partly to prevent the wild boars (which in Se Gloc! '
; nour of Duke of Chandois * 1 n l Jterjbire.

'this County contains 68 Parifh-Chunbes.

ANGLES ET.
) E have already obferv'd, that from eaft to weft twenty miles j, and where -f From Beau-
the County of Caernarvon-^ broadeft, about feventeen. ' This Land (faith m " is t0 Ho '
which we laft furvey'd, de- ' Giraldus) although as to outward appearance >y h
riv'd its name from the chief ' it may ieem a dry, rocky, and unpleafant
.
^s""
Town therein, and that the ' country, not unlike that of Pelidiog near St.
Town botrow'd that name ' David's; is yet, as to the quality of the
from the Ifland Mona, which ' foil, much olherwife ; for it is incomparably
lies oppofite to it. It remains now, that (ha ' the moft fruitful country for wheat, in all
ving heretofore, not fo properly, plac'd it a- ' Wales : infomuch that in the VVelfh language,
mong the Iflands) we reftore that tra3 to its ' it is proverbially faid of it, Mm
mam Gymry,
right place, and defcribe it in order ; feeing ' i.e. Mon the Nurfery oj Wales : becaule when
it alfo enjoys, and not undefervedly, the title '
other Countries fail'd, this alone, by the rich-
of a County. This Ifland was call'd by thf ' nefs of the foil, and the plentiful hart-efts it
Mona. Romans, Mona ; in Britifh, Mm and Tir Mm
produced, was wont to fupply all Wales. It
"° ft b e Alu-
'

i. e. the Land of Mon, and Tnys dovijlh or the is alfo at this time very rich in cartel, and
o'"£"£
m
Jbady Ifland ; by the old Saxons, CQoneg ; and affords milftones ; and in fome places a kindt^j,
n the i

in latter times, when redue'd by the Englilh, of * Alum-earth,

of which they lately began Pariih f t
eii5lej--ea and Anglerey, i. e. the Englijli Ifland. to make Alum and Ceperas; but the project v
nott,*"" '"'">ts
It is divided from the Continent of Britain by fucceeding,
they * defifted. |S"Ki s ==
J hllol -i ranf.
* St. David'. the narrow frith of Meiteu*; and, on all other TM t„ „
lhis is that celebrated Ifland Mona, anci-n. \66.
i t i i i

in Penbroke. fides, is wafh'd

by that raging Irilh fea. It is tly the feat of the Druids; which was at-+ s ° f»id,
of an irregular form, and extended in length tempted firft 1""' It5o 7*
by Paulinas Suetonius, and reduced
HaYe now '
underc
 8o 7 ORDEV IC ES. 808
under the Roman yoke by Julim Agncola. In as has been ufual in other places. I alfo make

the reign of Nero; Paulinus Suetonius (as we fome doubt, whether thole Monuments men-
this

rend tn Tacitus) prepared for an attempt on the tion'd by the name of Hibernicorum Cafula, or
Ifiand Mona, a very populous country, and a re- Irifh Huts, be any proof that ever the Irifh
ceptacle of deferters; and to that end, built fiat- dwelt there; for they are only fome vaft rude
bottomd vejfels, becaufe the flmes were but f/?allow (tones laid together in a circular order, enclo-
and hazardous; Thus, the foot paffed over ; and the ling an Area of about rive yards diameter, and
horfe follow' d, either at a ford ; or elfe, in deeper are fo ill-ihap'd,
that we cannot fuppofe them
waters (as oaajlon requird) fwam their horjes. On he foundations of any higher building: and
the oppojite fhore, flood the Enemies army, well pro- as they are, they afford nofhelter or other con-
vided of arms and men ; befides women running venience for Inhabitants. Thofe I meant, are
about with difheveCd hair like furies, in a mourn- be feen in a Wool neir Lhygwy, ths Seat of
ful habit, bearing torches in their hands. About the the worfhiptul Thomas Lloyd Efq; and are com-
army, flood the Dmids, who (with hands lifted up monly call'd Kittieu'rGwydhelod, i.e. Irifli Cotts i
to heaven) pouring forth dreadful Imprecations, jo whence I infer, that they muff be the fame
terrijy'd the foldiers with the novelty of the fight> which are here call'd Hibernicorum Cafula.
that (as if their limbs had been benumnd) they ex- A
Monument of this kind, though much lefs,
pos' d their bodies, like fo many flocks, to the ftrokes may be feen at Lhech yr -A'ji in the parifh of Lhech jt Aft.

of the enemy. But at loft, partly by exhortation of LhanGoedmor near Cardigan, which was doubt-
the General, and partly by encouraging each other lefs erected in the time of Heathenifm and
not to fland amazed at the fight of diflraBed wo- Barbarity ; but to what end, I dare not pre-
[|Fanaticum men and a company of frantick people; they ad- tend to conjecture.
||
The fame may be faid
agmen, vanced their enfigns, and trampled down their ene- of thefe Kittieur Gwydhelcd, which I prefume
mies, thrufling them into their own fires. They have been fo call'd by the vulgar, only be-
being thus conquered, a garrifon was planted there, caufe they have a tradition, that before Chri-
and their groves cut down, which were confecrated ftianity, the Irifh were pollefs'd of this Ifiand,

to their cruel fuperflitions. For they held it lawful and therefore are apt to afcribe to that Nation,
to facrifice with the blood of Captives ; and to con- fuch Monuments as feem to them unaccounta-
fult their Gods by wfpeciion into ble ; as the Scotifh Highlanders refer their
Imman Entrails.

But while thefe things were in agitation, a fudden rcular Stone-pillars to the Picts * For we* Dr. Gar-
'
den s Letters
revolt of the whole Province recall'd him from this iuft not fuppofe fuch barbarous Monuments
Mr- Au "
enterprise. Afterwards, as the fame Author can befo late as the end of the fixth Century ;* e
writes, Julius Agncola refolvdto reduce the Ifiand about which time, the Irifli Commander Sirigi
Mona ;from the Conquefl whereof Paulinus was is faid to have been flain by Kafwalhawn law
recall' d (as we have already obferv'd) by a general hh (1. e. Caffivelaunus Longimanus)
and his peo-
rebellion in Britain : but being unprovided of tranf- ple forced to quit the Ifiand f. We have ma- f See the De-
deno-kriptton of
port Veffels, as it commonly happens in doubtful Coun- ny places in Wales befides zhefe, that are
the policy and courage of the General found minated from the Irifli as Pentre'r Gwydhel
fels, ^^Power"
;
6
new means of conveying over his army. For, after the parifh of Rhos Golin in this County Pont Hiftor/? ;

they hadfirfl laid down their baggage, he commanded y Gwydhel in Lhan Vair, and Pentre'r Gwydhel
the choicefl of the Auxiliaries (to whom the fords in Lhyfvaen-parifh, in Denbighfhire Kerig y ;

were well known, and whofe cuftom it was in their Gwydhel near Feftineog in Meirionydhfhire ; and
country, fo to fwim as to be able to guide themfelves in Cardiganfhire we find Kw?n y Gwydhyl
in

and their arms, and horfes) to pafs over the chanel. Pcnbryn-parifh, and Kara Philip Wydhil m
TVhich was done infuch a jurpriftng manner, that Lhan Wennog but, having no Hiflory to back
;

the enemies^ who expelled a Navy, and watch' d the thefe names, nothing can be infer'd from
fea, flood fo much amazed; that, fuppofing nothing them.
difficult or invincible to men offuch refolution, they About the year 945. there was a battel fought Mr. Robert
i^Vaughan's
immediately fupplkated for peace, and furrender d for the Ifle of Anglefey, betwixt Howel Dha
the Ifiand. So Agricola became famous and great. of Wales, WKynan ap Edwal Voel,
wherein™^" P •
Many ages after, when this Ifiand wascon- Kynanfeil. Afterwards Grufydh his fon, renew-

quer'd by the Engliih, it took their name ; ing thewar, ^as likewifo overcome ', and Kyngar a
being call'd formerly by the Saxons Cngler-ea, potent man, being driven out of the Ifle, Howel kept
and now Anghfey which fignifies the Englifl)
; quiet poffeffion thereof^
But feeing Humfrey Lhwyd, in his learn- Nor was it afterwards harafs'd by the Eng- Marianua.
Ifiand.
ed Epi file to that accomplifh'd Scholar Ortelius, lifh only, but alfo by the Norwegians and,
in :

has reftor'd the Ifiand to its ancient name and the year 1000, a Navy of King ^Ethelred
dignity, it is not neceffary we fhould dwell failing round the Ifiand, wafted and confum'd
long upon this County. it in a hollile manner. After this, two Nor-
However, we may add, that about the de- mans of the nam* of Hugh, the one Earl of
cline of the Roman Government in Britain, Chefter, and the other of Salop, opprefs'd
it in

fome of the Irifli Nation crept into this Ifiand. a grievous manner and, to reftmn the Inha- ;

For befides certain intrencJi'd Banks, which bitants, built the Cattle of Aber Lhienawg. But
they call there is another glace
Irifh Cottages ; Magnus the Norwegian coming thither at the
known by the herity Gwidil, from
name of Tn fame time, fhot Hugh Earl of Chefter through
fome Irifh, who under
the conduct of one Si- the body with an arrow, and having pillag'd
rigi, overcame the Britons there, as we read the Ifiand, departed. The Engliih having after-
in the Book of Triades. TWhich words Tn hericy wards often attempted it, at laft brought it
Gwidil feem to have been erroneoufly printed under their fubjection in the time of Edward
for Kerig y Gwydhel, i. e. Irifb flows ; for we the firft. It contain'd formerly three hundred

find a place fo call'd in the parifh of Lhan Gri and fixty three Villages ; and is a very popu-
fliolis. But I think, we may not fafely conclude lous Country at this time.
from that name, either that the Irifh had The chief Town is Beaumaris, built in the Beaumaris.
any fettlement in thefe parts, or that there was eaft-part of it, in a moorifh place, by King
any memorable action here betwixt that Na Edward the firft, and call'd by the name of
tion and the Britons; feeing it relates only to Beau-marifb from its fituation, whereas the place
lis feems
one man, who perhaps might be buried at that before was call'd * Bonover. He alfo fortify 'd*not to be a
place, and a heap of ftones caff on his grave it with a Caftle, which yet feems not to have Brh; .

been
 ; ?

b'oo JNGLESEY. 810

+ So faid, been ever finifh'd; the f prefent Governour find a remarkable Kromhch, which feveral, as
ann. 1607.
w hercof is the right worfhipful Sir Richard
(
well as my felt, fuppofe to be another kind
Bulkley Knight, whofe civility towards me, of Sepulchral monument lince the time of
when I furvey'd thefe Counties, I mud always Heathenifm. Thefe (for we have feveral
gratefully acknowledge. others in the Ifiand) are compos'd of three
Lhan Vacs. Kot tar from hence, lies Lhan V*es, a fa- or four rude ftones, or more, pitch/d on end
mous Cloifter heretofore of the Friers minors ; as fuppcrters or pillars, and a vail ftone of
to which the Kings of England were bounti- feveral tuns laid on them as a covering ; and
ful Patrons, as well on account of the devout- are thought to have receiv'd the name of
and exemplary lives of the Friers who
nefs Cromkcheu, for that the Table or Covering-
dwelt there, as (that I may fpeak the language ftone is, on the upper fide, fomewhat gibbous
2 ParS 3t °** z ^ e ^- eCor ^ s ) b&mfe there -were bury'd at that
' or convex ; the word Krwm fignilying (as
ann.2 H e ''v^,/
flcej a daughter of King John, a fon of the King of you know) crooked or bunch-bade d, and
Denmark* the bodies of the Lord Clifford, and of Lhech, any flat ftone f. This Kromlech at+SeePen-
other Lords, Knights, and Efquirest who were /lain Bod-Owyr, is more elegant than any Monu-hrokthire,
in the wars of Wales, in the times of the illuflri- meat that I have feen of its kind for where- :

cra Kings of England. as in all others which I have noted, the top-
fOn the Frith of Meneu, about half way ftone, as well as die fupponers, is altogether

Lhan Idan. between Beaumaris and Newburgh, is Lhan rude and unpolifh'd in this it is neatly :

Ban, between which, and Lhan-Vair IS Gaer wrought, confidering the natural roughneis
on the other fide in Glamorganfhire, it is of the ftone, and pointed into feveral angles,
thought that the Romans pafs'd the laid Frith but how many I cannot at prefent allure you.
into the Ifland. * ' Oppofite to this fuppos'd We have a tradition, that the largeir, Krwi-
* A Letter
from the Re ' paflage, there is a hill call'dGwydryn (a name lech in this County, is the Monument of
verend Mr. 1
corrupted perhaps from Gwfdfj-Uryn, i. e. Con- Bronwen, daughter to King Lhyr or Leirus,
Reftofof
"' '
Jpiwom Hill) which having two Summits or who, you know, is faid to begin his reign
Ntwburpb.
'
Tops, one of them fhews the ruins of an Anno Mundi 3 105. But of this, and the reft
'
ancient Fort; and on the other I obferv'd a of our Kromlecheu, take here the words of
'
round pit funk in a Rock, of about nine an ingenious Antiquary whilit living, Mr. John
' foot diameter, fill'd up w'ith pure Sand. What Griffith of Lhan Dhyvnan, in a Letter to Mr.
* may be the depth of it, I cannot at prefent Vaughan ot Hengwrt. Bronwen Leiri
'
inform you ; fome who have founded it for ftliam quod attinet, Sec. i. e. As to the daughter
'
three yards, having difcover'd no bottom. I of Bronwen Leir j there is a crooked little Cell
(
have had fome fufpicion, that this might be of flone notJar from Alaw, to the weft, where,
' the place where the Druids ofter'd their cruel according to Tradition, foe was bury'd. But whether
* Sacrifices with the biood of Captives ; but there ever was jack a King in being, is doubted by
1
having nothing out of Hiftory to confirm many ; how juftly, will refl upon them to fbew.
*
my conjecture, I fliall not much contend for Such little Houfes, which are common in this Country,
(
it, but leave it to you and others to confi- you know are call'd, by an appofue name, Crom-
*
der, what fo odd a contrivance was defign'd :chau. Laflly, this Ifland, which in thofe days
« for. was almofl one continu'd Wood, and, as it were, ap-
* About a mile from the place where we propriated to the Druids, abounds with the Graves
* fufpect the Romans to have landed, we find of Noblemen ; who were induced by a Reverence

Trc'r Druw.
'
'TreT Druw, which doubtlefs took its name for the Place, to be bury'd here, Set.
(
from fome Druid, and may be interpreted 1
I know there are fome who fuppofe thefe* 1 am a ]f
(
Drttids-T'own, feeing we find the adjuyning Monuments, and fuch like, to have been £e-infbrm'd,
'
Townfliip is call'd Tre'r Beirdh, i. e. Bards- deral teftimonies ; but that I take to be al^ere was a
'
"Town. And this puts me m mind of a place groundlefs conjecture and the opinion ofo^Halbert"
:

Maen y Druw, i.e. Druid-Stone, within their being places ot Interment feems much found by dig-
1
'
call'd
' the Kwmmwd ot Lwrkelyn in Lhan Elian pa- confirm'd, for that a Gentleman of my ac-ging near the
'
rifh; where we need not much quefUon, but ' quamtance remembers that an odd kind of lame P lac e - . .

(
there was formerly a Sepulchral Monument <
Helmet *wzs difcover'd, by digging about a£c ^'S* *
(
of a Druid, though now it is only the name rude ftone, which, together with fome others, on \'y a ^ r<Je
is pitch'd on end at a place call'd Kae y maes open
(
of a houfe. field;
' Upon the Confines of the Townfhips of mawr \, in the parifh of Lhan RJjwydrus. [O/'buc lam told,
Tre'r Druw,
:

Trer Druw and we meet with

Tre'r Beirdh, thefe flones there are but three now flanding ; and
na
" *"/
!a.
and Tre'r ;

fquare Fortification, which may be fuppos'd thofe in a manner triangularly. One of them is ces in chis
Beirdh. to be the firft Camp that the Romans had, eleven foot and a half high, four foot broad, and Country it is
;

after their landing here ; and oppofite to it fourteen inches thick ; another, about three yards high, <"'d for bat-
weftward, about the diftance of three furlongs. and four foot brord i and the third, ten foot high, ^*}gr~J?5jf
there is another ftrong hold, of a round form eight broad, and but fix inches thick.']
;

mawr j mp n es
:

and considerable height, which probably was *

As for inferib'd Stones, I have noted on- fome great •

'
that of our Anceftors. Farther weftward. c ly two in this County one whereof was a battel fought :

'
under the protection of this Fort, there are w:„4 of
kind ~P f~,™ mil.* In
fquare pillar in rU*
th< parifh of Lban^*^*
1
Hones pitch'd on end, about twelve in num 1
Babo, of about ten toot in height, one mat ion
c
ber, whereof three are very confidcrable, the breadth, and near the fame thicknefs. ' I whereof, as
[
largeft of them being twelve foot in height * never was fo curious as to copy the Infcri-alfo that thefe
1
and eight in breadth where it is broadeft ' prion, and I am told it is now too late, it pulcbral
ftot]
" a re.;* e ~ .

, F 1 r mi . . ,
Mo- 1 1
1
for it is fomewhat of an oblong oval form. being f broken in ieperai pieces, lhe other n Urnents>
^
' Thefe have no other name than Kerig y Brfn- ' is in my neighbourhood; but is fo obfeure, that a fmatl
gwyn * (or Bryiigwyu-fiones) and are fo call'd that I fcarce think it worth while to trou- Brook on the
c
'

from the place where they are erefted. On ble you with a Copy of it.
0L,th ft m
lignifies
W hi
'
, • „->. rw - 1
'

t
I could read
} ,
?,
ls call d Jii/i l 11 ^
tc- cliff, 1
what occafion they were rais'd, I cannot con ' only Filius Ulna erexit nunc Lapidem. Bedhsu i.e.
or White hill, (
jecture, unlefs this might be the burial-plac [fthis was perhaps eretled by fome Dane or Norwe- Graves-ford,
* of fome of the moll eminent Druids. In gian, Ulricus jeeming to be rather a Danifb name, Jnicrib*o
(
Bod-Owyr, which lies on the north-fide of the than Britifir]
es
L *™ .
Lhan Babo.
'
fame round .Fort, at a farther diflance, We + See below-.
"
5 Ic
8u ORD EVIC ES. il2
c
I can give you no certain information of Reverend Mr. Robert Humphreys, Rector ot Lhan
1
any Coins found here, except a large gold Vecbelb. For though the Stone be (as he men-
II
Figured ' Medal of Julius Cmftantius\\, which was found tions) broken in two pieces, and remov'd from
Num. 20. ' on the plow'd land at a place call'd 7re' Var- the place where it flood ; the Infcription, what-
Tre'Varthm. <
j/,/Bj about the year i<58o, and was afterwards ever it may import, is yet preferred which :

1
added by the late Sir Thomas Moftyn, to though I underftand not my felf, I fhall how-
' his curious Collection of Antiquities. ever infert here, becaufe I know not but it
may be intelligible to feveral Readers, and fo
Thus far Mr. Dames fincc the date of whofe
; give fome light towards the explaining of other
Letter I receiv'd a Copy of the Infcription Infcriptions.
which he mentions at than Babo, from the

W-.PE.KJ HI \£T
MaenLha- This Monument is call'd Mam Lhanol, cor-
ikJ "
ruptly I fuppoie for Maen Lhineol, i. e. Lapis
injculptiis five lineolis exaratus, a Stone graven or
written with lines : for there is fuch another,
known by that name, at Penbryn parifh in Cardi-
gaulhire. It feemS fcarce queftionable, but this
Stone, as well as thofe others above-mention'd, rApieranwuropi
was a Sepulchral Monument ; and that the
words Hie jacet end the Infcription. But now, NAppWUroWNIl/w
to proceed in the defcription of the more re-
markable Towns in this Ifland.1
Newburgb. The Town of Newburgb, in Britifh Rbostr,
is eftcem'd next to Beaumarifb, and diftant
from it about twelve miles wcflward ; which

having flruggl'd a long time with the heaps ot

Sand call againft it by the Sea, has now loft

much of its former fplendour.

fThe Welfh name ot Newburg is fo varioufly To be read thus : Catamanus Rex fapientifjimus
written, that doubttul which is the right. opinatijjimm omnium Regum.~\
it is

In the defcription of Wales, before Dr. Bowel's Near the weflern Cape of this Bland, which
Hiftory, it is call'd Rhoffyr, and in another im- we call Holy-bead, there is a fmall Village call'd Holy-head.
preflion of the fame (which was never pub in Welfh Kaer Gybi ; which received its name
Kacr Gyb'u
lifh'd, becaufe not compleated ) it is written from Kybi (a devout man, and Difciple of
Rbos ir, which either alters the fignih cation, St. Hilary of PoicHers) who led here a religious
or makes it more diftinfl:. In a Manufcript life from whence there is a common pailage
:

Copy of the fame it is call'd Rbosfir, which we into Ireland, fin Mr. Aubrey's Monumenia Bri-
are to read Rhofvir ; but Mr. Davies above- tannka *, I obferv'd a note of fome remarkable • Aubr. M?„
mention'd, Rector of the place, informs me, Monument near Holy-head, in thefe words :
that it ought to be Rbos Voir ; in confirma- 'there is in Anglefey, about a mile from Holy-head,
tion whertof he adds this Englin: on a biU near tbe way that leads to Beaumaris, a
Monument of huge [tones. "They are about twenty in
Mae Ihjs yn Rbos-Vair, mae Ihyn, number, and between four and five foot high ; at
Mae eur-glucb, mae Arglwydh Lhewelyn, the Northern end of it there are two ftones about fix
A Gwyr tal yn ei galyn, foot high. They (land upon an hi/lock in a Farm call'd
Mil myrdh mewn gwyrdb a gwyn. Trevigneth, and have no other name than Lhe-
cheu I, whence the field where they are raisd, is fid eft, Flat-
Baron New- This place hath been honour'd, by giving cali'd Kaer Lhecheu. ftones.
I

"burgh. the title of Baron to George Cholmondley, the on- The other parts of this Bland are well 0f theMands
ly furviving Brother to Hugh Earl of Cholmond- planted with Villages, which afford little worth adjoyning to
ley.'] our notice and therefore I fhall now pafs over Anglefey, fee
',

on!
Aber-Fraw, not far from thence, though at to the Continent, and take a view of Denbigh- V? jf ^ e
Aber-Fraw. } e
prefent but a mean place, was yet heretofore of {hire ; fhaving obferv'd (according to the courfe E "*{{ 0l* jfn _
much greater repute than any of the reft, as and method of this Work) that the firft who giefey.
being the Royal Seat of the Kings of" Gwynedb, took the title of Earl from this Bland, was
or North-Wales, who were thence alfo ftyl'd Chrifiopber Fillers, brother of George Duke of
Kings of Aber Fraw. Buckingham, created Septemb: 24. 1623; who
Llangudwa- fNot far trom hence, is Llangudwaladr ; was fucceeded by Charles his fon and heir.
!adr. where, over the Church-door, is the following But he dying in the year 16$ p. without jjf-
Monument oiKadran, who was Prince of North- fue-male, it was conferred on Arthur Anne/ley,

Wales about the middle of the fixth Century
: created Lord Annefley ot Newport-Pagnel ( in
the County of Bucks) and Earl of Anglefey, A-
pril 20. 1661. In which titles he was fucceeded
by James his Son, and then by a Grand-
fon
 ;

8r 3 DENBIGHSHIRE. 814.
fon of the fame name, who djing without |
this title defcended to Arthur, the prefent Earl,
iflue-male, was fucceeded by John his bro- brother of the two laft Earls ; a perfon of great
ther ; but he dying alfo without iflue-male, Eloquent I .
and diftiuguifh'd Abilities.!

There are in this Ifland 74 Parijbes.

DENBIGHSHIRE.
N this fide the Conwy, and
feveral omitted as not differing materially
river
Denbighfbire, from thofe I had defcrib'd. Thefe I have not
call'd 111 Britiih
Sir from feeu my felf; but rind the following account of
Dhinbecb, retires-in
the Sea, and extended
eafl- rhem, in a Letter from an ingenious Gentle-
is

ward as man of this neighbourhood. At for ancient In-

far as the river Dee.
It is encompafs'd on the north iptions, either of the Druids or others, I believe
for fome fpace by the Sea, and it is in vain to glean for them now in thefe parts.
afterwards by the fmall County of Flint ; on the Nor can thofe rnention'd at Voeks in our neighbour-
well by Meirionydhfhire and Montgomeryshire, hood (m we may colkB from their charaUers) boaft
and on the eaftby Chefhire and Shropfhire. of any great Antiquity for, that they are jo obfcure ;

The weftern part of it is fomewhat barren; and intricate, I impute to the unskilfulnefs of the
the middle, where it falls into a Vale, exceeding jhne-cutter, fuppofing they were not plainly legible in
fruitful ; the eaftern part next the Vale not hofe times that firjl faw them. Tne moft —
fo kindly a foil but towards Dee, it is much emarkable pieces of Antiquity in this parifb of Ke-
;

better. Towards the weft (except by the fea- rig y Drudion, are thofe two folitary prijons, which
fide, where it is fomewhat more fruitful,) are generally fuppojed to have been ufed in the time
it is but thinly inhabited, and fwells pretty of the Druids. They are placed about a furlong
much with bare and craggy hills but the dili- : jrom each other, and are fitch huts, that each pri-
gence and induflry of the husbandmen hath fon
fo can well contain but a Jingle perfon. One of
long fince begun to conquer the barrennefs them isjiflinguiflfd by the name of Karchar Kyn-
of the Land on the fides of thefe Moun- rik Rwth, or Kenric Rwth'j- Prifon ; but who
tains, as well as in other places of Wales. be was, is altogether uncertain. The other is known
For having parcd-off the furface of the earth, by no particular title, but that of KiSl-vaen or
with a broad iron instrument for that purpofe, Stone-cheft ; -which is common to both, and feems to
in thin clods and turfs, they pile them up in bea name lately given them, becaufe they are fome-
heaps, and burn them to afh.es ; which being what of the form of large chefts, from which they
afterwards fcatter'd on the lands thus pared, chiefly differ in their opening or entrance. They ftand
does fo enrich them, that it is fcarce credible, north and fouth, and are each of them compofed of
what quantities of Rye they produce. Nor is feven flones. Of thefe, four being above fix foot long,
this method of burning the ground any late and about a yard in breadth, are fo placed 04 to re-
invention, but very ancient, as appears out of femble the fquare tunnel of a Chimney : a fifth,
Virgil and Horace. which is not fo long, but of the fame breadth, is
y Dm. Amongft thefe Hills, is a place call'd Kerig y pitch' d at thefouth-end thereof, firmly, to fecure that
axon.
Drudion, or Druid-flones ; Tand that it was fo pajfage. At the north-end, is the entrance, where
denominated from Druids, ft ems highly proba- the fixth flone is the ltd and efpecial guard
of this
ble, though not altogether unquestionable for, : cloje confinement. But in regard it was neceffary to
that theword Drudion Signifies Druids, is, tor remove it when any perfon was imprifond or released,
what can learn, only prefumed from its affi-
I it is not of that weight as to be alone a fujpeient guard
nitywith the Latin Druids ; and becaufe we of theprifener, and therefore on the top-flone or upper-
know not any other (ignification of it. In th< moft of the four firft mention 'd, lies the feventh, that
Britifh Lexicon, we find no other word than is a vaft ftone, which with much force was rernov'd
+ Ufed by Dcrwydbon f for Druids, which may be fitly towards the nonh-end, that with its weight it might
JLfrywarcb Bry- and as
render 'd in Latin Queuetani ; Deriv Signifying faften, it were clafp, the door-ftone. Thefe,
dydhy Mccb,
who writ An. in Wclfh, Oak-trees which, agreeing in found
j and the name of our parifb, are all the memorials
1240, and with the Greek, might occafion * Pliny's con- we have, of the refidence of thofe ancient Philofophers
KyndbelwBry. jecture (who was better acquainted with that the Druids ; at haftwife, all that tradition afcribes
dydb waxor
language, than the Celtic or Britifh ) that to them, &LC.
12-50.
• Hift. Nat.
Druidcs was originally a Greek name. The lin- Thus
far the Letter : which, makes it very

1. 16. c. 44. gular of Derwydhonis Derwydh, which the Ro- that thefe are
a fome of the Stones
probable,
mans could not write more not all) whence this parifh receiv'd the
truly than Deruida, (if
whereof Druida feems only an eafier variation. name of Kerig y Drudion ; and adds not a lit-
The word Drudion might likewife vary only in tle to Mr. Aubreys conjecture, that thofe rude
dialect from Derwydhon, and fo the name of this Stones erected in a circular order, fo common
place be rightly interpreted by our Country- in this Ifland, are alfo Druid-Mcnuments * :* See Pen.
men and others, Druid-flones ; but what flones leting that in the midft of fueh circles, we brckefhirt.
they were that have been call'd thus, is a que- fometimes find Stone chefts, not unlike thofe here
stion which I could not be throughly fatisfy'd defcrib'd ; as particularly, that of Karn Lhe-
in, though I have made fome enquiry. The chart, rnention'd in Glamorganshire ; which
moft remarkable Stone-monuments now remain- without all doubt, was deiign'd for the fame
ing in this parilh, are two of that kind which ufe with thefe. But that any ot them were
we call Kiftieu maen or Stone-cbefts ; whereof ufed as Prifons in the time of the Druids, does
Tome have been rnention'd in other Counties, not at all appear from this account of them
ther$
/
8i$ ORDEVICES. 816
there being no other argument for it, than and fonietimes dig-up skeletons ot men, and
that one of them is calf d Karchar Kynric Rwth; pieces of Arms and Armour. But it may be
whereas that Kyurk Rfflth, as I find in an ano- objected, that a battel being fought there be-
f- A MS.
iniiymous Welfti writer f» was only a tyranni- twixt the Romans and Bricains, as appears by
thc hands ofc.d perfon in this neighbourhood (of no anti- the Bones and Arms they difcover, thefe glafs-
Thmas P»-«fiquity in compariibn or the Druids) who, fhut- beads might as probably pertain to the latter.
n y ting up fome that had affronted him, in one And indeed it feems to me very likely, that
hLi e*q
of thefe Cells, occafion'd it to be call'd hisPW- thefe S/iake-jiones (as we call them) were ufed
'

fon ever after. What ufe they were of in the as charms or amulets amongft our Druids ot
time of the Druids, we mult leave to further ritain, on the fame occafions as the Snake-eggs

enquiry ; but that they really are fome of their amongft the Gaulifh Druids. For Pliny, who
Monuments, I fcarce queftion. Whether they liv'd when thofe Priefts were in requjft, and
were ever encompafs'd with circles of (tones, like faw one of their Snake-eggs, gives us the like
Karn Lheebart above-mention'd, or with a wall account of the origin of them, as our common
as the Kiji-vAen on Mynydh y Drymmm in thi people do of their Glain Neidr (a).
fame County, is altogether uncertain. For in Thus we find it very evident, that the opi-
this revolution of time, fuch (tones might be nion of the vulgar concerning the generation
carried oft" by the neighbours, and applied to of thefe Adder-Leads or Snakc-ftones, is no other
fome ufe ; as we find has been lately done in than a relique of the Super! tition, or perhaps
Impofture, of the Druids. But whether thefe
n v Tv lih ot*ver P Iact:s II-

tud at Lhan Thefe Druid-ftones put me in mind of a cer- we call Snake-ftones, be the very fame Amu-
Hammwlch, tain relique of their Doctrine, which I have lets that the Brkifh Druids made ufe of; or
Brecknock- lately obferv'd to be yet retain'd amongft the whether this fabulous origin was afcribed for-
fbire.
vulgar. (For how difficult it is to get rid ot merly to fomething elfe, and in after-times ap-
fuch erroneous opinions as have been once ge plied to thefe glafs-beads, I fhall not undertake
nerally receiv'd, be they never fo abfurd and to determine though I think the tormer much
;

ridiculous,may be feen at large in the excel more probable. As tor Pliny's Ovum fl«iJ"*« MW jpi,ii rTraiif.
lent Treatife written upon that fubject by Sir it can be no other than a lnell (either marine^ -a'e,
Thomas Brown.) In moll parts of Wales, and or foffil) of that kind which we call Echinus
throughout all Scotland, and in Carnival/, we find marinus, whereof one fort (chough not the fame
it a common opinion of the vulgar, that about that he defcribes) is call'd at this day in moft
Midfummer-Eve (though in the time they do parts of Wales where they are found, Wyetir
not all agree) it is ufual for Snakes to meet in mSr, i. e. Sea-eggs. I had almoft forgotten to

companies, and that by joyning heads together add, that fometimes thefe glafs Annulets were
and hiffing, a kind of Bubble is form'd lik (truck through a larger ring of Iron, and that
ring about the head of one of them, which the again through another much larger of Copper,
reft by continual hiffing blow on till it comes as appears by one of them found in the river
off at the tail, and then it immediately har Cher-well near Hampton Gay in Oxfordfliire, and
dens, and refembles a glafs ring which who- rigur'd and defcrib'd by Dr, Plot in his Natural
;

ever finds ( as fome old women and children Hiftory of that County f. To thefe Amulets t Pag. 345.
at Itf-
are perfwaded) 0lall profper in all his underta- (but whether Brkifh or Roman I know not)'J*
'

kings. The rings which they fuppofe to be that fmall brafs Head figur'd numb. iS. muft^ Abou'/an
||,

» — ,! • thus generated, are call'd * Gleineu Nadroedh. be refer'd ; which was found in a Well fome- nc h long, and i

have at wherein this Country, together with certain with the fame
the Si fig- Gemma Anguma, whereof
i- e- I feen,
nifies Glafs. feveral places, about twenty or thirty. They brafs Snakes, and fome other figures
J now loft, ^S^" or Im" 5

,, . n preuion on
In Glamor- are (ma \\ glafs Annulets, commonly about half all hung about a wire.l
Lhfide.
ganfliire and '

id finger-rings, but much th"

° r ,, °
At Voelas, there are fome fmall Pillars, m-Voelas.
Monmouth- . , r
ot a green colour ufually, though fome or them fcribed with (trange Letters, which fome fuf-
, ,

Aire, thefe
Rings are are blue, and others curioufly wav'd with blue f'pect: to be the Characters ufed by the Druids.
:

call'd Maen
K ^ an d white. I have alfo feen two or three TBut if the following Infcription be one of
'

earthen rin g s of this kind > but § laz d with thofe, it will fcarce be allow'd to be half fo
w'il^Gla?'
for^a/a^'^blue, and adorn'd with tranfverfe ftreaks or old as their time. The Pillar whence it was
furrows on the out-fide. The fmalleft of them copied, is a hard, rough Stone, of fomewhat a
might be fuppofed to have been glafs-beads fquare form, about ten foot in length ; and is
Worn for ornament by the Romans ; becaufe now to be feen at Voelas. The Copy here In-
fome quantity of them, together with feveral ferred was fent me by a worthy friend Mr.
Amber-beads, have been lately difcover'd at Griffith Jones, School-m after of Lhan ilwft,
Stone-pit near Garuord in Berkshire, where who I doubt not hath tranferib'd it from the
they alfo find fome pieces of Roman Coyn Monument, with great accuracy.

(a} . Prxttrea eft ovorum genus in magna Galliarum fama, amiffum Grcecu. Angues innumeri aftate conroltiti,
falivti faucium corporumque fpumi* artifci complexu
glomtrantar anguinum appellator. Druid* fibffif id Htmt in
;

equo Strpentes emm infequi,

Jublime jadari, fagoque oportere intercipt, ne teBurem attingat. Trvfugere raptorem :

Atque
donee aueantur amni* alien jus interventu. Experimentum ejus ejfe ft comra aquas finite t vd
auto vinftum.
congruere optrattonem
ut eft Magorum folertia occultandu fraudiim fagax, certa Lunk capiendum cenfhttt, tanquam
earn ferpentium, humani fit arbitrii. Vidi equidem id Ovum mali orbiculau madid magnitudine, crufta carulagi-
nU, velut acetabulit brachiorum Polypi crebrif, infgne DruidU. Ad vitlorias litium ac
regum aditm mire laud4tur :
xantx vanitatis uX babentem id in liteinfinu equitem Romanum e Vocontij*, * Dim Claudto principe tnteremptum
non ob aliud fciam, &c. Hift. Nat, 1. 29. c. 3.

This
 i
7 DENBIGHSHIRE. 818

^olofQNjDjiW'LCvcw
E 9 ° i <•(./ <fc Ti» /id y eeuKuhc LI ^ ^ Ti « v

'F* o )-
<^ u cf V e b r a Vc A I /C o e de m r i
J
s

UWls.grPWps-H^Uy.
w off r- c e r s u
£ e Ll h i c a '

This Infcription is fo very obfcure and dif- than JEmilianus. Thus, amongft Reinefius's In- Pag. 228,
ferent from all I have feen elfewhere, that it fcriptions, we find M. AIMIL1VS for
feems fcarce intelligible. However, I fhall take M. JEmilius. And in the fame Author, we have Pag. $60;
the liberty of ottering my thoughts, which, two or three examples of the letter A in the
though they fhould prove erroneous, may yet fame form with the firft character of this In-
give fomc hint to others to difcover the true fcription. As the fecond word, I am in
for
reading. I have added under each Character fome doubt whether we ought to read it Tovi-
the Letters I fuppofe to be intended ; which Tovifaci : if the former, it is Britifh, and
if I rightly conjecture make thefe words: fignifies a Leader or General
f : and if the lat— f Tytoyftg,
ter, it feems only the fame word latiniz'd. Mr. *>«*, Prin-
Ego Job de Tin i Dyleu Kuheli leuav Lloyd (from whom I received this more accu- c ?'» f, j°'"
Fjord cudve Braech i Koed Emris rate Copy of the Infcription, than had been „1
— Wicad -
Leweli op priceps hie hu printed before) adds, that the place where this as' the Latin'
Stone lies, is call'd Bryny Bedheu, which figni— °«x frqmi?«.
Which I fuppofe, according to our modern Or- lies the Hill of Graves, and that there is near it***
thography, might be written thus : an artificial Mount or Tumulus, call'd y Krig-
Vryn,which may be englifh'd Banow-hiU\\ : Al- See Radnor- ||

Ego Johannes de Ty'n y Dylan Gwydhelen fo,that on the Hills adjoyning there are feverjbire.
leuaf} ralCircles ot Stones and, in the fame neigh-
;

[ar] ffordd gyddfau braich y coed Emris-— bourhood, a place call'd RhSs y Gadva, or Bat-
Leuelinm, optimta princeps hit humatur,- - tel-field.~\

Towards the Vale, where thefe Mountains

The meaning whereof is, That one John,
of begin to be thinner, lies Denbigh, feated on a Denbigh,
the houfe of Dyleu Gwydhelen, Road of fteep rock, and calfd formerly by the Britons
Sec. on the
Ambrofe-wood Monument to the Kledvym yn RhSs, which fignifies the craggy hill
Hill, ereBed this
memory of But who in Ros ; for fo they call that part of the County,
the excellent Prince, Lhewelin.
this Lhewelyn was, I mull leave to be deter- which King Edward
the firft beftow'd, with
min'd by others. If it was any of the three many other large pofleffions, on Davidhap
Grit-
Princes of that name, recorded in the Annals brother of Prince Lhewelyn.
fydh, But he
of Wales, it muft be the firft, i. e. Lhewelyn ap being foon after attainted of High
Treafon and
Sitfylht, who was (lain (but where, is not men- beheaded,
King Edward granted it to Henry
tion'd) by Howel and M'redjdh the fons of Ed- Lacy Earl of Lincoln,
who fortified it with a
Wyn, in the year 1021. For we find that very ftrong wall (though of a final! circumfe-
Lhewelyn ap Jorwerth was honourably buried in the rence,) and on the fouth-fide with
a caftle a-
*Dr. Pom),^
ey
tf CoKWh Anno 1240.* and his Stone- dorn'd with higli towers. But his only fon be-
'coffin remov'd, upon the diifolution, to the
p. 298. ing unfortunately drown'd in the Caftle-v.ell,
Church of than R\vfl, where it is yet to be he was fo much griev'd at it,
that he de-
Ibid, p. 374 .fee11 And, that Lhewelyn ap Grufydh, the laft filled from the work, leaving it unfinifh'd.
:
Af-
Prince of Wales of the Britifh Race, was flain
ter his deceafe, this Town, with the reft of
near Bualht in Brecknockfhire ; fo that his bo- his Inheritance,
defended by his daughter
was in all likelyhood inter'd fomewhere in Alice to the houfe of Lancafter. From
dy,
whom
that Country, though his head was fix'd on alfo,
when that family decay 'd, it devolved firft,
the Tower of London-^
by the bounty of Edward the fecond, to Hugh
Klokainog. Not far from Klokainog we read this Infcripti- Spenfer, and afterwards to Roger Mortimer, by
on on a Stone ; [which is doubtlefs an Epitaph covenant
with Edward the third. For his
of fomc Soldier of note, who can be but ver .'ery Arms are feen on the chief gate. But he be-
little, if at all later than the Romans
ing fentenced to die, and executed, it fell to
William Montacute Earl of Salisbury, though
JIIMILINI foon after reftor'd to the Mortimers \ and by
TO V
I S G. A thefe at length it came to the houfe of York.
For w'e read, that out of malice to King Ed-
The name Aimihnus, we are to underftand ward the fourth (who was of that houfe) this
as the fame with Mmilinus, and that no
other (Town fuffer'd much by thofe of the "family "of
5 L Lan^
8t 9 ORDEVICES. 820
Lancaller. Since which time, either becaufe the Afcending eaflward out of this Valley, w'e
Inhabitants difliked the fituation of it (for the come to Ial, a Small mountainous tract, of a la'*

declivity of the place was no way convenient,)

very high fituation, if compared witii the

or rife becaufe it was not well ferv'd with

wa- neighbouring tract fo that no river runs into
;

infomuch, it from any other country, though it pours

ter ; they remov'd hence by degrees :

a new out By reafon ot this high fituation,

that the old Town is now deferted, and
feveral.
of the it isvery rough, culd, bleak Country.
a I
one, much larger, t'prung-up at the foot
hill ; which is fo populous, that
the Church know not whether it might receive it's name
from the frfaail river Alen, which, Springing up
not being large enough for the Inhabitants,
in rhis country, hides it {elf in one or two
r
• , they have t now begun to build a new one,
\„° if' where the old Town flood; partly at the char- places by undermining the earth. Thefe moun-
and tains are well flored with Oxen, Sheep, and
ges of their Lord Rolen Earl of Leicester,
with the money contributed for that ufe Goats ; and the Valleys in fome places are
partly
pretty fertil in Corn ; efpecially to the eaft,
by feveral well-difpofed Perfons throughout
on this fide Alen : but the weftern is fomewhat
England. This Robert Earl of Leicefter was
created Baron of Denbigh by Queen Elizabeth
barren, and fome places mere heath and de- m
in the year 156S. Nor is there any Barony in fart. It hath nothing in it memorable, except
of a fmall Mnnaftery ; feated very
England that hath more Gentlemen holding the ruins
pleafantly in a Valley, which, amongft woody
thereof in fee.
the Coun- hills, is extended in the form of a Crofs :
DitrnOmi. We are now come to the heart of
nature, having remov'd the Moun- whence it had the name ot Vale-Cruois ; where- Vale-Crack
ty, where
(he could as in Britifh call'd Lhan Eaflward
tains on all hands (to fhew us what
it is Gvoefi.
ot 131, the territory ot Maelor Gymraeg or Welfh
a rugged Country) hath fpread out
a
do in
extended from fouth to Maelor, call'd in Engliih Bromfield, is extended Bromfield.
moft pleafant Vale ;

breadth. to the river Dee a pleafant little Country,

north feventeen miles and about five in
•

* Sinnami It jes open only to. the Ocean, and to * the and well flored with Lead, efpecially near Mwyn- Lead.
1

*""* being elfewhere guarded glodh, a fmall Village, denominated from the
clearing North-wind ;

Lead-mines.
with high mountains, which (towards the
eaft
turrets for In this part lies Wrexham, call'd in Saxon Wrexham.
efpecially) are like battlements or ;

admirable contrivance of nature, the tops Ppiuderbam, remarkable for a very neat tower,
by an
the tur- and the Organ there and near this place is
of thefe mountains feem to refemblc
:

rets of walls. Among them, the highell is Leonts Caftrum, fo call'd perhaps from the Le-
Mod Enlhi. ca ll'd Moel Enlhi : at the top whereof I
ob- gio vicefima ViBrix which kept garrifon a lit-
;

and a veryhigher, 011 the other fide Dee.

tle It is now
ferv'd a military fence or rampire,
clear Spring. This Vale is exceeding healthy, call'd Holt, and is fuppoSed to have been re- Holt.
fruitful, and pleafant : the complexion of
the pair'tl,f more lately by William Stanley, and for- E>. Powel.
mcrly by "John Earl of Wamn, who being t So Said,
Inhabitants is bright and chearful ; their heads an^ ,6 °7-
found confutution their fight very lively, guardian in truft to one Mhdok a Britifh Prince,
of a ;

and even old age

their vigorous and lading. feiz'd for his own ufe this Province, together
with that of Ial. From the Earls of Warren,
green Meadows, the Corn-fields, and the
The
this Vale, itdefcended atterwards to the Fitz.- Alans, Earls
numerous Villages and Churches in
the moft pleafant profpeft imaginable. of Arundel ; ana from them to V. illiam Beau-
afford
fountain-head champ Baron of Aber Gavenny : and afterward
ami, nv. The river Chqd, from the very
to William Stanley who being beheaded, this,
runs through the midft of it, receiving on each
;

as well as the reft of his eftate, w as forfeited to

r

fide a great number of rivulets. And from

the Crown.
hence it has been formerly call'd Tfirad Klviyd ;
King of the Southward of Bromfield, lies Chirk, call'd in. Chirk.
for Marianus makes mention of a
pretty moun-
Slradduid-Wdlh and at this day it is called Welfh G-wayn, a Country alfo
:

i. e. the Vale of Quid where, tainous, but honour'd with two Caftles viz. ;

See Caesar- Dyfryn Klwyd,

;

Chirk, whence it receiv'd its name, and which

venire. as fome Authors have told us, certain Britons
built by Roger Mortimer : and KaHelb
coming out of Scotland, planted a Kingdom was ;

Dincu Bran, feated on the higheft top of a iharp Caftle Dims,

having firft driven out the Englifh which were
hill, whereof there remain at prefent only fome
feated there.
ruinous walls. The common People affirm,
In the fouth part of this Vale, on the eafi-
built and fo call'd by Breams Ge-Brennus.
Rutfiin. fideof the river, lies the Town of Ruthin, in that this was
Welfh Rlmthyn, the greateft Market in the neral of the Gauls ; and fome interpret the
'the King's Palace for Brett in Britifh
Vale, and a very populous Town ; famous name, :

fince, for a ftately and beautiful Ca- fignifies a King ( from whence poffibly that
t So laid t not long and Britons was
inn. 1607.' ftle, which was capable of a very numerous fa- powerful Prince ot" the Gauls
Both the Town and Caftle were built call'd by way of eminency, Bremus : ) but o-
mily.
thers will have it to derive the name from the
by Roger Grey, with permiflion of the King,
fituation on a hill, which the Britons call Bryn :
the Bifllop of St. Afaph, and the Reftor of Lhan
Rhiidh, it being feated in that parifll. To and this, in my opinion, is much more pro-
bable. In the time of Henry the third, it was
this Roger Grey, in consideration ot his fervices
firft gran- the feat of Grufydh af
Madok, who when he
againft the Welfh, King Edward the
Welfh, was
ted almofl the whole Vale ; and this was the fided with the Englifh againft the
But upon his
feat of his pofterity (who flouriih'd under the wont to fecure himfelf here.
deceafe, Roger Mortimer, who was appointed
title of Earls of Kent) till the time of Richard
of who guardian to his fon Lhevielyn, feis'd this Tandl
Grey Earl of Kent and Lord Ruthin ;

his own hanus ; as John^ Earl of

dying without iflue, and having no regard to Chirk into
his brother Henry, fold this ancient inheritance
Warren, mention'd before, had ufurp'd Brom-
to King Henry the Seventh ; fince which time field.
["There are divers old Forts or Entrench- Entrentli-
the caftle has been uncover'd, and has daily
that feem no lefs re- merits,
* So ftid decay'd. * Of late, through the bounty ot ments in this County,
to Am- markable, than that at Mod
Enlhi fome of ;
ann. 1607. Queen Elizabeth, it t hath belong'd
which are mention'd in the Letter from the
t SfeBavh. brofe Earl of Warwick, together with large
forefaid Mr. Lloyd. As firft, Pen y Goer vawr Pen y Gaer-
revenues in this Vale.
S2I I LI NT SHIRE. 82c
on Kader Dhimmael, diftant about a mile From ly, Dinas Meliny Wyg, which he fuppofes to
DinasMeUn
Kerrig y Druidon which is a. circular Ditch
; have been a Britifh Oppidum, it being much/ Wyg.
and Rampire, of at leaft one hundred paces di- fueh a place as Cacfar informs us they call'd fo,
ameter. But what feems molt remarkable, is, in thefe words, The Britains call thick Woods
that it is prefum'd to have had once fome kind fenced with a Vallum and ditch, a Townj where
of: wall and that the ftones have been long
; they meet to defend themfehes as oft as an enemy
fince carried away by the neighbours, and ap- makes Incur/tons * This place, as the word * Csf. Com.
Kaer Dhy plied to fome private ufes. Secondly, Kaer Gwfg implies, is full of Woods, Dingles, &c. lib 5* -

nod.
Dhymd, or as others, Kaer y Dhymd, which The Fortification rifes about fifteen or twenty
lies (as alfo Pen y Goer) in the Parifh of LKan yards where loweft ; and is faced for the molt
Vihangel. This is fituate clofe by the river part with a craggy Rock, and encompafs'd with a
Ahven, and is rather of an oval form, than deep Trench, having two Entries call'd y Porth «-
circular. The Dike or Rampire confifts of a cha, and Porth ifa, or the upper and lower Gates. 1
vaft quantity of ftones, at prefent rudely heap'd When the dominion of the Welfb, by facti-
together ; but whether formerly in any better ons among themfelves, and invasions of the
order, is uncertain. On the river fide, it is Englifh, fell to decay, and could now fubfift
about three hundred toot high perpendicularly, no longer j the Earls of Chefler, and Warren,
but not half that height ellewhere. On the the Mortimers, Lacy, and the Greys ( whom I
other fide the river, we have a fteep Hill, about have mention'd) were the firft of the Normans
twice the height of this Kaer Dhynod ; on which that by degrees redue'd this fmall Province, and
Kaer Vor lies Kaer-Vorwyn, i. e. Maiden-Fort, a large cir- left it to be poflefs'd by their pofierity. Nor
wyn. cular Entrenchment, and much more artificial was it made a County before the time of King
than the former. This Kaer Dbynod (as the Henry the eighth, when Radnor, Brecknock, and
faid Mr. Lloyd fuppofes) was in all Hkelyhood Montgomery, were like wife made Counties by
a Britifh Camp, feeing it agrees exactly with Authority of Parliament.
+ Annal. Tacitus's defcription of the Camp of King Ca- fin the year 1621. William Vifcount Fielding, Earls of Den-
"J
c.33.
ratacus, when he engag'd Oftorius Scapula fome- and Baron of Newnham Padox, was created b '§ h '

where in this Country of the Ordovices— " He Earl ol Denbigh ; and was fucceeded in that
chofe [itch a Camp to maintain, as, in point of ap- honour by Rafil his fon (created alfo Lord St.
proach, retreat, and all other refpeUs, -was difficult Liz,, in the 16th year of King Charles the fe-
to the Enemy, and themfehes ; On a cond.)
convenient to To whom fucceeded William Fielding
high hill, guarded with great Stones in the nature Earl of Defmond, his Nephew ; and after
him
of a Vallum, wherever it was accejjtble ; and be- Bafil Fielding his fon who was father of WiSi- ;

fore it, a River with uncertain Fords, &c. Third- am, the prefent Earl.]

It contains 57 Parifoes.

FLINTSHIRE.
N
the north of Denbighshire, the old Britifh fignify'd a Pafs, and accordingly
lies Flintflnre, a very fmall have interpreted Darnovaria, and Ifatinavariu,
County, of an oblong torm ; The Paffage of the water, and of Ifamia. And
wafh'd on the north by the the fituation of this Town confirms my con-
Irifh Sea, or rather by a jecture; it being leated at the only convenient
branch ol it, which is the Cha- Pafs through thefe Mount' ins.
nel of the Dee ; and bounded fAs to the fore-mention d Moely Gaer, we
on the eafl by Cheshire, and elfewhere by Den- cannot doubt but that place receiv'd its name
bighshire. from the fortification or entrenchments that
We
cannot properly call it mountainous, for are yet to be feen there ; the word Kaer (as
only rifes gently with lower hills, and falls
it we have already hinted) ftrictly fignifying only
by degrees into fertile plains ; which (towards a Wall, Fortrejs, oxEndojure; which being pre-
the Sea efpecially) every firft year they are fix'd to the names ol Roman towns, becaufe
plow'd, bear in fome places Barley, in others fortify M, has occafion'd feveral to fuppofe the
Wheat, but generally Rye, with at leaft twenty- genuine fignilication of it to be a Town or City.
fold increafe ; and afterwards Oats for four or We have divers Camps on our mountains call'd
five years. On the weft, it defends to the Kaereu, where we have not the leaft ground toKaereu,
maritim part of the Vale of Quid, and takes fufpeft that ever any Cities were founded ; and
up the higher end of that Vale. in fome places I have obferv'd the Church-yard-
In the Confines of this County and Den- wall to be call'd Kaer y Vynwent. Nor does it
bighfhire, where the Mountains, with a gen- feem improbable that this Kaer was deriv'd ori-
tle declivity, feem to retire, and afford an ea- ginally from Kai, which fignifies to Jlmt up, or
fier defcent and pallage into the Vale, the Ro- enclofe. This ioitificr.ion is exactly round, and
mans built, at the very entrance, a fmall City, about one hundred and fixty paces over we
:

Vans, call'd Vans ; which Antoninus places nineteen may frame an idea ol it, by fuppofing a round
* Vulgo Boi miles from Conovium. This, without any di- hill with the top cut off, and fo made level.
Farri. minution of its name, is call'd at this day All round ir, the earth is rais'd in manner of
h *
d y*ri 9 which figmfiestbe manfion of Va- a Parapet, and almoft oppofite to the Ave-
tJ £L^^
me Its and"{b* rus an<^ ^ews f the ruins of a City, on a fmall nue there is a kind of Tumulus or artificial
'

no argument hill adjoyning, call'd Moely Gaer, i.e. the City- Mount.
ofa City, nor hill. What the name fignifies, is not evident. e
At this Moel y Gaer, Howel Gwynedh ] ( who Vaugh. MS.
does K««a fig- -

j nave fU pp 0S »j m Dtner pl aC es, that Var'm in * fided with OwenGlyndwr againft King Henry tOf the tribe
' the
of Uwyn **
 ; !

82 : ORDE^ICES. 824.
the fourth) was beheaded. He was one who from its fteep fituation, or (as others will have
5

* for a long time annoy 'd the English of his it) as being Defert ; and thence by
Bafixgvjerk, BaCngwerk.
(
neighbourhood ; but being taken at length which alfo Henry the fecond granted to Hugh
* by his enemies of the town of Flint, and Beauchamp. Under this place, 1 view'd Holy- Holy-well.
* beheaded at this place, his ettate was difpos'd weS, a fmall Town, where is a Well much
' of to one Saxton, Before him, one Owen ap celebrated for the memory of Winjrid a Chri-St. Winfnd,
c
Aldud had alfo oppos'd the Englifh in thefe ftian Virgin, ravifh'd here, and beheaded by
' borders ; who by force of arms kept all 7e- a Tyrant ; as alfo for the mofs it yields, of a
c
gaingl under his fubjection for about three very fweet fcent. Out of this Well a fmall
* years, until fuch time as he had obtain'd full Brook flows (or rather breaks-forth through
'
pardon. } the ttones, on which are feen I know not what
Caer-wys. Not three miles hence, lies Kaer-wys ; a kind of blood-red fpots ; ) and runs with fuch
hame which Favours much of Antiquity, but a violent courfe, that immediately it is able to
I obferv'd nothing there either ancient, or turn a mill. Upon this very Fountain, there
worth notice. is a Chapel, which with great art was hewn
Below this Varis, the river Cluid runs thro' out of the live-rock and a fmall Church ad- ;

the Vale, and is immediately joyn'd by Elwy- joyning thereunto, in a window whereof is
a little river, at the confluence whereof there painted the Hiftory and Execution of St. Wini-
is a Bifhop's See, call*d in Britifh from the jrid. Giraldus w rites, that in his time there
r

name of the river, Lhan Elwy ; in Englifh, was not far from hence a rich vein of jiher>
St. Afaph. from the Patron, St. Afaph ; and in Hiftoriana, where,
for the fake of that metal, they broke up the
Epifcopatus Afaphmfis. Neither the Town is bowels of the earth. TThe water of Holywell breaks
memorable for its neatnefs, nor the Church forth with fuch a rapid ft re am, that fome in-,
for its ftru&ure or elegancy; yet in regard of genious perfons have fufpe&ed it to be
its antiquity, it is we
fhould mention
requifite rather a fubterraneous rivulet which the mi-
Capgravc. it. For about the year 560. Kentigcrn Bifhop ners might turn to that chanel, than a fpring ;
of Glafcow fleeing from Scotland, inflituted here it being their common practice, when they meet

an Epifcopal See and a Monaftery, placing with under-ground Currents in their work, to
therein fix hundred and fixty three Monks divert them to fome Swallow. And this fufpicion
whereof three hundred ("being illiterate) were they confirm with an obfervation, that after
appointed for tilling the Land ; the fame num- much rain the water often appears muddy,
ber for cither employments within the Mona- and fomeumes of a bluifh colour, as if it had
ftery ; and the reft for Divine Service : and all wafh'd fome Lead-mine, or proceeded from
thefe he fo distributed into Convents, that fome Tobacco-pipe clay adding farther, that this
:

of them were at Prayers continually. Upon his
return afterwards into Scotland, he appointed
Afaph, a moll upright and devout man, Go-
vernour of this Monaftery ; from whom it re-
ceived its prefent name. The Bifliop of this
Diocefe has under his jurifdiftion about one
hundred and twenty eight Parifhes; the Eccle-
fiaftical Benefices whereof (when this See was va-
cant) were, till the time of Henry the eighth,
in the difpofal of the Archbifhop,in right of his
See; which is now a Prerogative of the Crown.
For fo we find it recorded in the Hiftory of
Canterbury.
Rhudhlan. Higher up, Rhudhlan-, fo calfd from the red-
feems to have happen'd fince the time of Giral-
dus Cambrenjis, it being not likely that fo noble
a fountain would have efcap'd his obfervation,
had it then exifted. But though we fhould
grant that Giraldus might neglect the taking
notice of fo extraordinary a Current ; yet we
have good grounds to affent to Dr. Powel's opi-
nion, that it was not frequented by Pilgrims
at that time, nor at all celebrated for miracu-
lous cures, or the memory of St. Beuno and Wi~
nijrid, who yet liv'd above five hundred years
before ||. For feeing we find that Author, j| D.Poveh"
throughout the whole courfe of his Journey, Not. adGi-
particularly curious and inquifitive about a ! c 1 ^ amb *
was '

difh bank of the river Cluid where it is feated, miraculous fountains, ttones, bells, chains, CT'c-t,"^'
l"™"
fhews a very fair Cattle, but almoft decay'd we have no reafon to prefume, had this place c. u
with age. It was built by Lhewelyn ap Sitfilht, been noted at that time, either for Wintfrid's
Prince of Wales; and firft taken out of the being rettor'd to life by St. Beuno and the mi-
* Ncpos. Welfhmen's hands by Robert de Ruthlan {^ne- raculous origin oi the Fountain thereupon, or
phew of Hugh Earl of Chefler,) and fortify 'd for any fovereign virtue of the water in heal-
with new works, by the faid Hugh's Lieute- ing Difeafes ; but he would have taken care to
nant. Afterwards, as the Abbot de Monte in- deliver fome account of it to pofterity efpeci- :

forms us, King Henry the fecond having re- ally, confidering that he lodg'd one night at
pair'd this Cattle, gave it to Hugh Beauchamp. Bafmgwerk, within half a mile of this place.
TAt this Rhudhlan (though now a mean vil- From hence Dr. Powel very rationally infers,
lage) we find the manifeft, figns of a confidera- that the Monks of Bafingwerk, who were
ble town : as, of the Abbey and Hofpital founded above one hundred years after, were
and of a gate at lead half a mile from the vil- (tor their own private ends) the firft broachers
lage. One of the towers in the Cattle is call'd of thefe fabulous miracles. For (fays he) be-
7Wr y Brenin, i. e. Kings tower ; and below the fore the foundation of that Abbey, which was
hill, upon the bank of the river, we find ano- in the year 13 12, no writer ever made men-
ther apart from the Cattle, call'd 7wr Silod. tion of the Romantick origin and miracles of
Ofta King of Mercia, and M'redydh King of this Fountain. But I refer the Reader to his
Dyved, dy'd in the battel fought at Rhudhlan, own words, more at large, in the place above-
\- Vaugb. in the year 794 f.l cited ; being, for my own part, of their opi-
MS. Below this Cattle, the river Cluid is difebar- nion who think we pay too much regard to
ged into the Sea, and though the Valley at fuch frivolous Superttitions, when we ule argu-
the mouth of that river, feems lower than the ments to confute them.
Sea, yet it is never overflown ; but by a na- Of this St. Beuno^ who was founder of the
tural, though invifible impediment, the water Abbey of Klynog Vawr in Caernarvonfhire, as
ftands on the very brink of the fhore, to our alfo of Ennian who built the Church of Lhan
juft admiration of the Divine Providence. Ennian V
renin in the fame Country, I find
The fhore defending gradually eaflward from fome account in Mr. Vaughan's Annotations
Difart. this place, panes firft' by D//^rt-caftle, fo call'd'on the Hifiory
of JVales, which, though notfo
pertinent
 FLINTSHIRE. H26
pertinent to this place, 1 fh.il! however add here, den-caflle, near the fhore, cali'd commonly Har- Harden.
as being willing to make uie of the leaft oc- den*; out of which, when Davidh brother of* Brit. Pen.
casion of f ublifhing any Notes of an Author fo Prince Lhewelyn had led captive Roger Clifford Ju-nardhalawg.
Vau § h MS '
well acquainted with the Antiquities of his fticiary of Wales, he brought a moft difmal
'

Country. war on himfelf and his country-men, whereby

St. Beuno, to -whom the Abbey o/'Clyuog iuas de- their Dominion in Wales was wholly over-
dicated, was the fon of Hywgi ap Gwynlliw ap thrown. This cattle, which was held by Se-
Glywis ap Tegid ap Cadell, a Prince or Lord of nefcalfhip to the Earls of Chefter, was the feat
Glewi/ig, St. Cadoc ap Gwynlliw, of the Barons ot Mount-batik,
brother's jon to who became a Barons of
fometime Bifbop 0} Beneventum in Italy : he was, very illuftrious family, and bore azure a Lion Mont-hault,
German to Laudatus (or rampant argent; and alfo encreas'd their "ho- or< k mmtt
by the mother's Jide, CoufJn
"'
Lhowdhad) Abbot o/'Enlli (in Englijh, nour, by marmge with Cecilia one of the daugh-"
the firft

Bardfey) and Kentigem Bifl)op of Glafcow in Scot- ters of Hugh

to D
'Albany Earl of Arundel. But
land, and of Lhan Elwy in Wales, The faid Ken- the iilue-male being at laff extinct, Robert, the
tigerns Father was Owen Reged of Scotland, jon laft Baron of this iamily (as we have mention'd
of Urien King of Beuno having rais d already) made it over to Queen IfabeUa, wife of
Cumbria.
to life, as the tradition goes, St. Winifrid (who was King Edward the fecond ; but the polk-flici of

put to death by one C'radoc a Lord in North-Wales, the caftle was afterwards transfer'd to the Stan-
becaufe fhe would not yield to his unchajl dejires) was leys, who are now Earls of Derby.
much refpetled by King Cadvan, who gave him Below thefe places, the fouth-part of this
Lands, whereon to build a Monajlery. Cadwalhon, Country is water'd by the little river Aleny
Cadvan s jon, beflow'd alfo other Lands on him, call d near which, on a mountain f in the Pirifh off Atavil-
Gwareddog where having begun to build a Church, Kilken,theK is a fpring,which, Tas is faid,]||eboM la Se cali'd, C,
;

bs nd
a woman came to him with a child in her arms, and flow'd at fet times like the Sea. TBut it nei-^ ( ?
and told him thofe Lands were the inheritance of that thtr ebbs nor flows at prefent, tho' the gene-
Infant. Whereat Beuno being much concern 'd, gave ral report is that it did fo formerly. But
orders fhe fhould followhim to Caer Seiont (cali'd whereas Dr. Powel fuppofes this to be the
by the Remans Scgontium, and now Caernarvon) Fountain to which Giraldus Cambrenfis afcrib'd
where King Cadwalhon rejided. When he came be- that quality ; it may perhaps be more probably
fore the King, he told him with a great deal of zeal, luppos'd, that Giraldus meant Fynmn Affav, a
he had done iU, to devote to God's fervice fuch Lands noble Spring, to which they alfo attribute the
as were not his own lawful fojfefjions, and demanded fame Phenomenon *. But feeing that Author * Girald,
he would return a golden Scepter he had given him (though a learned and very curious perfon for Glin.Cambr.
,lb- 2 c I0 *
as a confederation for the faid Lands ; which when the timeheliv'd in) is often either erroneous or ' '

the King refits' dy he was excommunicated by him. lefs accurate in his Pnyfio logical Obfer vat ions,
Beuno having pronounced his fentence againft him, de- it is feldom worth our while to difpute his
parted ; but Gwyddaint, who was Coufln German meaning on fuch occafions.l
to this Prince Cadwalhon, being inform' d of what On this river Alen, lies Hope-caflle, cali'd in Hope-calUe,
had happen d, follow 'd after him ; and overtaking Welfh Kaer Gwrle (into this. King Edward the
him, gave him (for the good of his own foul and firft retir'd when rhe Welfh had furpriz'd his
the King's) the Clynnoc -uawr, which Army:) near which there are milftones hewn
lownfoip of Milltones.
was his undoubted inheritance
; where Beuno built a out of a rock. And likewife Mold, cali'd in
Church about Lord 616, about which Britifh T Wydhgrig, the caftle, f jrmerly, of the
the year of our

time Cadvan Cadwalhon tojuc- Barons of Munthault ; both which fhew ma-
dy'd, leaving his fan
ceed him. Some refior'd St. Winifrid ny tokens ot antiquity.
tell us, Beuno
to life in the year 644, but (whatever we may think fThe prefent name of Mold I fuppofe to be
of the miracle) that time is not reconcileable to the an abbreviation of the Norman Mont-hault, and
truth of Hiflory. that, no other than a tranlktion of the Britifh
Not long before this time, Eneon Bhrenin or Ani- name Gwyulhgrig, which ligiiities a confpicuom
anus Rex Scotorum, a Prince in the North of Bri- Mount or Barrow ; for though the word Gwydh
tain, leaving his Royalty, came to Llyn in Gwy- be not us'd in that fenfe ^t prefent, yet that
nedd, where he built a Church, which at this day it was anciently fo us'd, is manifeft from fome
is cali'd from him Uan Eingan Bhrenin, where he names of places; the higluit Mountain in Wales

fpent in God's jervice the 'remainder of his days. being cali'd y Wydlrua *, and the higheft Stone- *
w n \eJ Llive
excelfus
°cus

King Eneon was the fon of Owen Danwyn ap piLlar or Monument I have feen there, calld coni picutl3>
H T r , ,,. . ,

Eneon Yrth, ap Cunedha Wledig King of Cam- j; fo that there being a con- \ Colofllis
CololTus
bria, and a great Prince in the North. He was fiderable Krig at this place (for fo they call ar-confp'^us.
ar- 030 ^^ " 3 11 '

Coufin German to Maelgwn Gwyncdh Kingof Bri- tiiicial Mounts or Barrows in South- Wales) we
See Cardi-
ardE "
?.
tain, whofe father was Cafwallon Law-hir brother to may fately conclude it to be thence denomi-
A^hJneYor-
Owen Danwyn. 'The faid Maelgwn dy'd about the ated. te & Gwydhan t

year of our Lord 5 8o\ Medif, daughter to Voylda Near this Town, as the learned Ufher fup- i- e Fcemina||
-

ap Talw-traws of Nan-conwy, was Maelgon's mo- pofes, was that celebrated victory (which he^S? ntea ?
n .

ther, &c.l calls ViBoria Alleluiatica, for that the Pagans '^1 ]'
Antfq
This part of the Country, becaufe it affords were put to flight by the repeated fhouts of 179.es
P .

the moft plealant profpect, and was long fince Alleluia) obtain'd by the Britons underthe con- Conftantio
reduced by the EngUfh, was cali'd by the Bri- duct ot Germanus and Lupus, again!!, the Picts ^' '" lm
?' r :
1 1

3
tons Ttg-Eingl, which fignifies Fair England. and Saxons. Adding, that in memory of that^^"^"^.
But whereas a certain Author has cali'd it Te- miraculous victory, the place is cali'd at this C es, fame-
genia, and fuppofes the Igeni dwelt there, let the day Maes Gannon, or St. German Field*. And c mes implies
's i

Reader be cautious how he aflents to it. For whereas it may be objected, That feeing it is mor " p icu *
l"
that worthy Author was deceiv'd by a corrupt allow'd St. German dy'd in the year 435,
it^/ttds^ave
name of the Iceni. was impoffible he fhould lead the Britons in been fought
tw
Upon the fliore at this place, we fee Flint- this Itland againft the Saxons, for that Hengiftth^'
which gave name to this County
caflle, begun ; and Horfa arriv'd not here till 449 hcan-Y'
1| :

fwers, that long before their time (as appears ? y

'

by King Henry the fecond, and finifh'd by Dif-

See
Sc
Edward the firft. Beyond that, on the eaftern from Ammianui Marctttima, ClauJian, &c.) thecourcourfe on the
Hawar-
limit of the County, next Cheflnre, lies Saxons made frequent inroads into this Itland. English Sax-
5 M lt
°" s '
 827 ORDEVICES. 828
Leefwood. It will not perhaps be unacceptable to the the Demeans of Eagle's-Bui\\ near Neath in Gla-
Plants in Curious, it we take notice here of fame deli- morganfhire.
Coalj.
neations of the leaves of Plants, that are found One reprefents a Leaf of a Plant which I Fig. 27*
upon linking new Coal-pits in the Tow'nfhip prefume totally different from any yet deicrib'd.
of Leelwoed in this parifh. Thefe (though It is about fix inches long (but feetns to be
they are not much minded) are probably found broken oft at each end) and almoft two in
in moft other parts of England and Wales, breadth. The tour ribs are a little prominent,
where they dig Coal ;at leaftuife I have ob- fomewhat like that of Harts-tongue ; as are
ferv'd them at feveral Coal-pits in Wales, Gloce- alfothe three orders of Characters, betwixt thofe
lterfhire, and Somerfetfhire and have feen ribs, which feem in fome fort to anfwer the
;

confiderable variety of them, in that excellent feeds of fuch Plants as are callM dorfiferous, as
Muftcum of Natural Bodies, collected by Mr. thofe of the Han's-tongue or Fern-kind.
William Cole of Briitol, as alio amongft Mr. Another rcfembles a branch of the common Fig. 28.
Beaumont's curious Collection of Minerals. female Fern, and agrees with it in fuperficies
They are found generally in that black Hat, or and proportion, as well as figure.
(as the Workmen call it) the flag or cleft which The third exprefles the common Polypody, Fig. 29,

lies next above the Coal ; fo that in finking though not fo exactly as the 28th imitates the
new Pits, when thefe mock-plants are brought female Fern. This is an elegant Specimen, ha-
up, they are apt to conclude the Coal not tar ving the middle rib very prominent, and that
off. Thefe not fuch
are refemblances
faint of of each leaf rais'd proportionably ; tour inches
leaves, as to require any fancy to make out the long, and an inch and a quarter broad.
comparifon, like the Pietra imbofchata, or Land- 1 find, thefe Mineral Leaves are not only
skip-ftoneof the Italians ; but do exhibit the produced in the Coal-flats, but fometimes in
whole form and texture more compleatly than other Foflils ; for I have formerly obfjrv'd fome
can be done by any Artift, unlefs he takes oft ot them in Marie-pits near Kaer-wys in this
their impreffions from the life, in fome fine County, where in fome meafure they refembled
pafte or clay, I fay, refemblances of leaves ; bt Oak-leaves And amongft that valuable Coile-
:

caufe amongft all the flones I have feen of this
kind, I have hitherto obferv'd none delineated
with any roots or flowers, but always either
pieces of leaves or whole ones ; or elfe (which
happens but feldom) fome lingular figures which
I know not what bodies to compare to. Thofe
I have feen from thefe Coal-pits (and the fame
may be faid of others in general) do tor the
£tion of Minerals rcpofited in the Afhmolean
Mujaum, by Dr. Robert Plot, I find a Speci-
men of Iron-ore out of Shropfhire, delineated
with a branch of fome undefcrib'd Plant, which
from the texture of the leaves I fhould be apt
to refer to the capillary Tribe ; though the fi-
gure (as the Doclor obferves in his Catalogue)
teems rather to refemble Box-leaves f. But 1+ Serin,
fhall add no more on this fubject, as expecting plot l Ca ?^'
'

moft part referable the leaves of capillary Plants, -

2, num * 34>
or thofe of the fern-kind but our obfervations
: fhortly a particular Treatife of .the origin of
in this part of Natural Hjftory, are as yet in form'd Stones and other Foffils, from an inge-
their infancy j and we know not but the bow- nious perfon, who for fome years has been very
els of the Earth, were it poffible to fearchthem, diligent in collecting the Minerals of England,
might afford as great variety of thefe mock- and (as far as I am capable of judging) no lefs
plants, as the furfacc contains of thofe we efteem fuccefstul in his Difcoveries.]
more perfect. However, this I fhall venture Near Hope, f whilft I was drawing up thefe-f- So faid,
ann l6o 7-
to affirm, that thefe Plants (whatever may be notes, a certain Gardener digging fomewhat '

their origin) are as diftinguifhable into Species, deep, difcover '& a very ancient work, concern-
as thofe produced in the Surface. For although ing which, feveral have made various conje-
we find (as yet) no refemblance of flow ers or ctures but whoever confults M. Fitruvius Pollio,
:

feeds, yet the form and texture of thefe leaves, will find it no other than the beginning of a
which arc always conftant and regular, will Hypocauft of the Romans, w ho growing luxu- :

loon difcover the Species to fuch as have any rious as their wealth increas'd, us'd Baths very Baths,
skill in Plants, or will take the trouble to much. It was five ells long, four broad, and
compare them nicely with each others. For about half an ell high ; encompafs'd with walls
example ; I have obferv'd amongft the ruble hewn out of the live-rock. The floor was of
of one Coal-pit, feven or eight Species of Plants, brick fet in mortar ; the roof was fupported
and of each Species twenty or more Indivi- with brick pillars; and confifted of polifh'd Tiles,
duals. which at feveral places were perforated on :

Whoever would prove thefe fubterraneous Leaves thefe, were laid certain brick tubes, which car-
an eft'ecl: of the univerfal Deluge, will meet with ry'd off the force of the heat ; and thus, as
the fame difficulties (not to mention others,) as the Poet faith,
occur to thofe who affign that origin to the foflil

fhells, the teeth and vertebra? of fifh, Crabs — Volvebant bypocaiifia vaporem ;

claws, Corals and Sea-mufhrooms, fo plentiful-

ly difpers'd, not only throughout this Illand, I. e. The Hypocaufts breath'd out a vapo-
but doubtlefs in all parts of the World. For rous heat.
as amongft the foffil-fhclls of England, we
find the greateft part, of a figure and fuperfi- Now who can fuppofe, but that they were
des totally different from all the fhells of our fuch Hypocaufts, that Giraldus fo much admir'd
own Seas ; and fome of them from all thofe at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthfhire,when he wrote
which the moft curious Naturalifts have hi- thus of the Roman works there And -which :

therto procur'd from other Countries : fo feems more particularly remarkable, you may fee
amongft thefe Plants, we find the majority not there feveral ftoves, contrivd -with admirable skill,

reconcileablc with thofe produced in this Coun- breathing heat infenfxbly through fmall pipes, &C.
try, and many of them totally different from all Whofe work this was, appears by an Infcri-
Plants whatever, that have been yet defcrib'd. prion on fome tiles there, LEGIO XX. for

But that the Reader might not wholly rely on the twentieth Legion winch was ftil'd Viclrix,

my judgment herein^ I have added three figures as we have

fhewrr already, lay in garrifon at
of fuch leaves, out of a Coal-pit belonging to Chefter, fcarce fix miles hence.
Near
S2 9 FLINTSHIRE. 830
Near narrow place befet eludes to have been erected by the Danes, for
this river Alcn, in a
Colcfliull. with woods, lies by Giraldus that there is another very like them at Beau-
Coltftjnll, call'd
Colhs Carbonar'msy or a CoJe-hill.Where, when Caftle in Cumberland, inferib'd with Runick
King Henry the fecond had made the moft di- Characters, which is prefum'd to have been a
ligent preparation to give battel to the Welfh Funeral Monument *
; But the Characters on* pfafl,
the Englifh, by reafon of their diforderly Ap- the eaft-fide of ours, feem nothing like the Ru-Tranfaft.
proaches, were defeated, and the King's flan- nic, or any other letters I have feen, but re- Num. 17".
dard forfaken by Henry of Efllx, who, by right femble rather the numeral figures 12211, though
of inheritance, was flandard-bearer to the Kings I confefs lam fo little farisfy'd with the mean-
of England. Whereupon, being charged with ing of them; that I know not whether they were
High-treafon, and overcome by his adverfary ever intended to be figniheative. Within a fur-
in a duel, and his eftate forfeited to the crown ; long or lefs of this Monument, there is an arti-
lie was fo much afliam'd of his cowardile, that ficial Mount or Borrow (of which fort there
he put on a Hood, and rctir'd into a Mona- are alfo about twenty more in this neighbour-
ilcry. hood, call'd y Gorjedhen) where have been for-
There is another fmall part of this County, merly a great many carcafes and skulls difca-
on this fide Dee, which is in a manner wholly ver'd, fome of which were cut ; and one or
Englifli Mae- divided from the reft, and is call'd Englijh Mae- two particularly had round holes in them, as if
,or - lor ; whereof we have taken notice in Cheshire, pierced with an arrow upon which account
:

when we gave an account of Bangor, and there- this pillar has been fufpcc~ted for a Mohurtienc
fore need not repeat what we have faid already. ol fome fignal victory ; and the rather, for that
Nothing elfe deferves to be mention'd here, upon digging five or dx foot under it, no bones
Han-merc except Han-mere., feared by a lake or raear ; were diicover'd, nor any thing elfe that might
whence that ancient and honourable family give occafion to fufpeei it Sepulchral.
dwelling there, took the name of Hanmer. This monumental Pillar is call'd Maen y Chvty-
Maen y [It remains only that we make fome mention van, a name no lefs oblcure than the Hiftory
Chwyvan. of that remarkable Monument or carv'd Pillar of it ; for though the former word fignifies a
on Molly n-moun tain, which is reprefented in Stone, yet no man understands the meaning of
the Plate by the firft and fecond figures. It Chwyvan. Were it Gwyvan, I fhould conclude
Hands on the eaveneft part of the mountain, it corrupted from Gwydhvaen, i. e. the high Pil-
and is in height eleven foot and three inches lar : but feeing it is written Maen y CIut fan in
above the Pedeftal two foot and four inches
; an old Deed bearing date 138S. (which (carce
broad and
; eleven inches thick. The Pedeflal differs in pronunciation from Chwyvan) I dare
is five foot long, four and a half broad, and not acquiefce in that Etymology, though at
about fourteen inches thick and the Monu-
: prcfent I can think of none more probable.]
ment being let thorow it, reaches about five The Earls of Chefter, by light skirmifhes with £ ar[s of
inches below the bottom ; fo that the whol< the Welfh as occafion and opportunity offered, Chefter,
length of it is about thirteen foot. were the firft Normans that lubdu'd this Coun-
The firft figure reprefents the caft-fide, and ty. Whence in ancient Records we read, The
that edge which looks to the fouth and the ; County of Flint appertaineth to the dignity of the
fecond the weftern-fide w'ith the north-edge. [word oj Chefter : and the eldeft Ions ot the Kings
though the Sculptures on thefe edges are grav'd of England, were formerly ftii'd Earls oj Chefter
as if they were no part of the flone. and Flint. But when it was added to the Crown,
When this Monument was erected, or by King Edward the firft (fuppofing it of fingular po ,; of
what Nation, I muff leave to farther enquiry ufe, as well to maintain his own, as to bridle £dw. 1.
however, I thought it not amifs to publifh. thofe the Welfh,) kept this and all the maritim parts
draughts ot it, as fuppofing there may be more of Wales in his own hands ; and diftributed the
of the fame kind in fome parts of Britain or inland countries to his Nobles, as he thought
Ireland, or elfe in other Countries ; which be- convenient Imitating herein the policy of Au-
:

ing cqmpar'd with this, it might perhaps ap- guftus drfar, who himiclf undertook the charge
pear what Nations us'd them, and upon what of the outward and moft potent Provinces ;
||
Nat.HifUfoccafions. Dr. Plot in his Hiftoryof Stafford- leaving the reft to the government of Proconfuls
|!

Staffordfhire,
fhirc, gives us the draughts of a Monument or by lot. And this he did with a fhew of de-
p. 404, and
two, which agree very well with it in the che- fending his Empire, but in reality, that he
432.
quer'd carving, and might therefore poflibly be- might keep the Armies under his own com-
long to the fame Nation. Thofe, he con- mand.

This County hath only 28 Parijhss.

PRIN-
 ;; _ ;

I
831 0RVEV1CES. 832

PRINCES of WALES.
S for the ancient Princes of Wales of ward (afterwards Edward the fifth) Prince of Wale?.
Britifb Extraclion, I refer the Rea- And foon after, his Uncle Richard, having difpatch'd
der to the Annals of Wales already him out of the way, fubflituted in his place his own
publifb'd : Out for the later Princes of fan Edward, who had hen created Earl of Salisbury
the Royal Line of England, it jeems before, by Edward the fourth, but he dy'd foon after
pertinent to our defign, that we add (which I have but lately difcover'd.) Afterwards
here a Jbort account of them. Henry the jeventh cor/ftituted, firfl, his fon Arthur,
Edwardthe firfi (to whom, during his minority, Prince or Wales ; and after his deceafe, Henry,
Ins father Henry the third had granted the Principa- famous afterwards under the title of Henry the eighth.
lity of Wales) having (when Lhewdyn ap Gru- On all thefe the Principality of Wales was confer d by
fydh the Prince of the Britifb blood viae fiain)\folemn Inveftiture, and a Patent deliver 'd them in
laft
cut cm it were the finews of the Government or So thefe words, Tenendusfibi & harrcdibus Regibus
vereignty of that Nation, united the fame to the Anglize, &c. For in thofe times, the Kings would
Kingdom of England in the 12th year of his reign not deprive themfelves of fo fair an opportunity of
:

and the whole Province fwore fealty and allegiance to obliging their eldefl fons, but thought it prudence to
his fon Edward of Caernarvon, whom he conftituted engage them with fo great an honour, when it feem d

Prince of Wales. But Edward the fecond confer d mofl convenient,

not the title of Prince of Wales on Ins fon Edward, Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward, the children of
but only the honour of Earl of Chefter and Flint Henry the eighth, although they receiv'd not the Jnve-
as far as lean yet learn out of the Records of the fliture and Patent, were yet fucceffively flil'd Prin-
Kingdom. Edward the third firfl folemnly invefled cefles, and Prince or" Wales. For at that time,i6 Hen. t,

his Ion Edward, firnamd the Black, with this title Wales was by Acl of Parliament fo united and in-
who, in the very height of all his military glory, dy'd corporated with England, that they enjoy 'd the fame
an untimely death. After that, he confer a the fame Laws and Privileges. \But fince that time,_ Henry,
on his fon Richard ot Bourdeaux, heir to the crown; and after him, Charles, the fons of King fames the
who, being deprivd of his Kingdom by King Henry firfi and Charles eldefl fon of King Charles the
;

the fourth, dydmijerably, leaving no iffue. 'the fame firfl were all fucceffively created Princes of Wales,
;

Henry the fourth confer 'd the Principality of Wales by Patent. Aswasalfohis Royal Highnefs, George
on his eldefl fon, who win that renowned Prince Hen- Auguftus, who is the only fon of our prefent Sove-
ry the fifth. His fon Henry thefixth, whofe father reign King George ; and (which is a Bleffmg
dy'd whilft he was an infant, confer d that honour that this Nation hath not known for fome ages)
{which he never receiv'd himfelf) 071 his young fon hath feveral Children living, in his Father'^ Reign
Edward ; who being taken in the battel of Tewkes- to the great happinefs of thefe Kingdoms, and the
bury, had his brains barbaroufly dafh'd out by the inexprejjiblefoy of every faithful and loyal Subjeci.']
York-Party. Not long after, King Edward the fourth But now let us return out of Wales into England,
being fettled on the throne, created his young fon Ed- and proceed to the Country of the Brigantes.

An INDEX of the Curiofities reprefented in the following Table.

Fig. 'HE carv'd pillar or monument call'd Maeny Chwyvan in Flintfhire.
3-4-
5.
T'
A The
The
Pillars defcrib'd in the Hall at Kaer-phyli
Alabafter Statue, found near Porth Shini Kran in Monmouthihire.
Cafl.'e in Glamorganfhire.

6. Mam y Morynnion at Gaer near Brecknock.

7. The chequer'd Pavement difcover'd Anno 1691. at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthfhire.
8. A hollow Brick out of a Roman Hypocaufl at Kaer-byn in Caernarvonfhire.
9. The Phiala or Bowl defcrib'd at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthfhire.
10. One of the leaden Boxes mention 'd at Lhan Boydy in Caermardhinfhire.
11. 12. The fame opened.
13. A
brafs-axe found at Moelyr Henhlys In the Parifh of DeroWen in Montgomery fhire.
14. Part of one of the brafs Daggers (if we may fo call them) found at Karreg Dhiwin in
Meirionydhfhire : with the nails that faiten'd it to the handle.
15. The point of fuch a Dagger, found at the fame place.
itf. 17. The Roman Fibula, defcrib'd at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthfhire.
18. A brafs Amulet dug out of a Well fomewhere in Denbighfhire. The other fide dif-
fer'd not from that which is engraven.
19. A cake of Copper defcrib'd at Kaer Rhyn in Caernarvon fh ire.
20. A gold Medal of Julius Conftantius, found at Trevarthin in Anglefey.
21. A Britifb. gold coin (fuch as they u fed before the Roman Conqueff) found at Penbryn-
Parifh in Cardiganfhire.
22. 23. 24. Other Britifh coins of gold, kept in the Afhmolean Repofitory at Oxford.
25. 16. The Coins defcrib'd at Kaer-Phyli Cattle in Glamorganfhire.
27. 28. 29. Mock Plants out of a Cole-pit near Neath in Glamorganfhire. See a defcri-
ption of them in FHntfhire.
On the left hand of the Table.
a. An Adder-bead or Glain Neidr of green glafs, found at Aber-Fraw in Anglefey.
b. Another of earth, enamell'd with blue; found near DU
GeJbeu in Meirionydhfhire.
c. A third of glafs, undulated with white, red, and blue : found near Maes y Pandy in
the fame County.
d. Reprefents one end of the fame. Of thefe Adder-beads, which are fuppos'd to have
been Druid- Amu lets, fome account is given at Ken'g y Drudion, in Denbighfhire.
More
s

35
ORDEV ICES. 836
adar ym moxnant in Deubighftjire, where it is well
known by the name of Moyar Berwyn, mora moa-
More rare Plants growing in Wales. ns Berwini.
Ccchlearia minor rotundifolia noftras 8c Par-
Acetofa Cambro-britamuca montana. Park kinfoni. Small round-leaved Scurvy-grafs. 'the lower
rotundifolia repens Eboracenfis, foliis in medio leaves from the root are round ; Thofe on the ftalks
deliquiura patientibus Morif. bifi. Mountain angular. Onthecoaft of Caemarvonjkire, and like-
round-leaved Sorrel of Wales. On moift high rocks, wife of Anglefey, about Beaumaris.
and by rivulets about Swindon in Cae:narvonft>ire
Cotyledon birfuta P. B. Sanicula: Alpina: ali-
almofi every where ; as alfo by rivulets
among the quatenus affinis J. B. forte. Hairy Kidney-wort.
broken rocks of Cader-idris above a certain lake call
d By the rills and on- the moift rocks of many mountains
in Wales, as Snowdon, Cader-idns, Camedh-Lhew-
Llin y can.
Arovmone lutea Cambro-britannica Park. elyn, &c. abundantly.
Papaver luteum perenne, laciniato folio Cam- Filix Alpina Pedicularis rubra; foliis fubtus
bro-britannicum. Teflow wild baftard Poppy. A- villofis D. Lhwyd, pumila, Lonchitidis Maran-
and tic fpecies Cambro-bnuannica, An Lonchitis
bout a mile from a fmall village called Abler,
near afpera Ilvenfis Lugd ? ejujd. apud Plukenetum in
in the midway from Denbigh to Guidar ; alfo
river Dee, near to a village Phytograph. Stone-Fern with red-rattle leaves, hairy
a wooden bridge over the
called Bala ; alfo going up the hill that leads to underneath. On the moift rocks called Clogwyn y
Bangor near to Anglefey, Park. p. 270. But more Gamedh, near the top of the mountain Gwydhva the

certainly to be found on Clogwyn y Gamedh, ysco- higheft in all Wales. It is a rare plant even at Snow-
lion duon-, Dygyvylche, as you afcend the Glyderfrom
don.

Lhanberies, and fever al other places about Snowdon, Filicula petrsea florida perelegans feu Adian-
moft commonly by
rivulets* er on moift rocks : alfo tum album floridum. An Adianthum Alpi-
beyond Ponfvawr 'very near the bridge, among the num crifpum Schwenckfeldii 7- B. ? Small flow-
ftones. Mr. Lhwyd. ering Stone-fern. On Clogwyn y Gamedh, and moft
Alfine myofotis lanuginosa Alpina grandi- other high rocks.

flora, feu Auricula rnuris villofa flore ainplo Filix montana ramofa minor argute denticu-
membranaceo. An Caryophyllus holofteus AI- lato D. Lhwyd. Alpina Myrrhidis facie Cam-
pinus anguftifolius C. B. prod ? Hairy mountain bro-britannica D. Plukenet. Phytograph. Small-
Moufe-ear Chickweed with a large flower. On the branched Mountain- Fern, with finely indented leaves.
rock called Clogwyn y Gamedh, the higheft of all On the top of the mountain Glyder, where it over-
Wales, near Lhanberys in Caernarvon/hire plenti- hangs the lake or pool called Lhyn Ogwan.
fully. Filix marina Anglica Park. Chamsfilix ma-
Adiantum nigrum pinnulis Cicuturia: divifu- nna Anglica J. B. Filicula petrjea tcemina feu
ra. An Ad. album tenuifolium Ruta: muraria: Chamxfilix marina Anglica Ger. emac. Filix
accedens J. B. Fme-leaved white Mayden-hair di- petrsea ex infulis Stcechadibus C. B. Dwarf
vided like baftard Hemlock. On Snowdon-hilt Sea-fern. On the rocks about Preftholm Ifland near
'.

Biftorta minima Alpina, foliis imis fubrotun- Beaumaris, and at Lhandwyn in the Ifte of An-
dis & minutiflime ferratis D. Lhwyd. Alpina glefey.
pumila varia Park, pumila foliis variis rotundis Filix faxatilis Tragi J. B. Park. Adiantum
& longis Morif ''the leaft mountain Biftort, with ix-eJnx eu fnrcatum 'Thai. Filix corniculata
' f"

round and long leaves. In the fteep paftures of the C. B. On the top of Carnedh- Lhewelyn near Lhan
high rock called Gr'ib Goch above the lake or pool call- Lhechyd in Caernarvonfjire. Horned or forked white

ed Phynon bhrhh near Llanberys. Whether this be Maiden-hair.

from the Weftmorland Biftorta
fpecifically different Gnaphalium maritimum C. B. maritimum
minor, I leave upon comparing the plants, multis
to others, marhmm live Co-
J. B. marinum Ger.
to determine. tonaria Park. Sea Cudweed or Cottonweed. On
Bugula csrulca Alpina Park. Confolida me- the find near Abermeney-jerry in the Ifte of An-
dia cserulea Alpina. C. B. Mountain Bugle or glefey plentifully, where the common people call it Ca-
Sicklewort. Found on Carnedh Lhewellin in Caernar- aromaticus, lamus
its fweet cent. from f
vonshire byDr. Johnfon.
Gramen fparteum montanum fpica foliacea
Caryophyllata montana purpurea Ger. emac.
graminea P. B. Grafs upon grafs. On the tops
montana feu paluftris purpurea Park, aquatica
of the higheft mountains, Snowdon, Cader-idris,
nutante flore C. B. aquatica flore rubro ftriato
&c. among the ftones and mofs, where no other Plant
7. B. Purple Mountain- Avens or Water-Avens. On rows.
Snowdon and other mountains. Hippofelinum Ger. emac. Hippof. feu Smyr-
Cirfium Eritannicum Clufii repens J. B. aliud nium vulgaru Park. Macerone,quibufdam Smyr-
Anglicum Park, fingulari capitulo magnovel nium, femine magno nigro
J. B. Hippofeli-
incanum alterum C. B. "the great Engliflo [oft or num Theophrafti live Smyrnium Diofcoridis
gentle Thiftle, or melancholy Thiftle. As you afcend
C. B. Alexanders. On the rocks about Preftholm
the Glyderfrom Lhanberys, and in many other moun-
Ifland near Beaumaris plentifully.
tains™ paftures about Snowdon.
Hyacinthus ftellatus Fuchfii Ger. ftellatus vul-
Cirfium montanum humile Cynoglom folio
garis five bifolius Fuchfii Park, parad. ftellatus
polyanthemum. An Carduus mollis Helenii
folio Park ? On Clogwyn y Gamedh, and moft other
bifolius & trifolius vernus dumetcrum More cx-
ruleo albo J. B. ftellaris & bifolius Germanicus
high rocks in Caernarvonshire about Snowdon.
C. B. Small vernal Star-Hyacinth. On the coafts of
Cirfium montanum polyanthemum. Salicis
among the buftes, and in the adjacent
folio angufto denticulato. By a rivulet on Gallt North-Wales
Iftands, Bardfey, &c. plentifully.
yr Ogo near Capel Kirig, and in other places with
Juncus acutus maritimus Anglicus Park.
the precedent, of which perhaps it may be only a
Englifh Sea-hard-Rufb. On the foutbem Sea-coaft
variety.
of Lan- Wales.
Chamanriorus Cambro-britannica five

caftreiife Vaccinium nubis Park. The Welftb Juncus acutus capitulis Sorghi C. B. mariti-
pungens, feu acu-
Knoutberry ; j'aid to be found in Wales by Dr. Lo- mus capitulis Sorghi Park,
bel. We met not with it there. It grows abundant- tus 1 capitulis Sorghi J. B. Pricking large Sea-
ly on Berwyn mountain, not far from Lhan Rhai- Rub ?,
with heads 'like Indian millet. On the fandy
hills
!
37 FLINTSHIRE. 8 8
3
hith on the Weftem fhore of North-Wales, Merio- Mulcus terreflris erectus
^ minor polyfpermos
nethshire about H-ivLch. Seeding Mountam-mefs. In moift places and about
Juniperus Alpina J. B. Cluf. Park. Alpina
Snow don and other Mountains.
Springs on
minor Ger. emac. minor montana tolio ktiort-,
Mufcus Trichomanoides purpureus, Alpinis
_

truaiique longiore C. B. Mountain Dwarf Ju- nvuhs innafeens. Purple

Mmintain-water-mtfs re-
niper. On Smwdon-hili The Country-people call jembling black
maiden-hair. In the mountainous ri-
it Savine, and ufe the decoction of it to deflroy the vulets.
lots in horfes. Mufcus -crocus faxigena holofericum refe-
Lamium montanum B. Me- rens, feu Bylius petra-us.
MeliiTa folio C.
An mufcus faxati-
lifla Fuchiii Ger. Meliilbphyllon Fuchiii Park. lisfenco hmihs Commetinim
Cat. plant. Holland!
Mcliila adulterina quorundam, amplis foiiis, Saffron-colour d filken flme-mofs.
Under high rocks
& non grati odoris J, B. Baulm-Ieaved where they are prominent.
floribus
Archangel, Bafiard-Baulm. In the woods about Ha- Orchis pulilla alba odorata radice
palrotta.
•veiford-Wefl in Pembroktfhire. White-handed musk Orchies. On the fides of Snow-
Leucoium maritimum finuato folio C. B. ma don by the way leading
from Lhanberis to Caer-
I'itimum Camerarii J. B. marmum maximum narvon.
Park, ut &
majus ejufdem. marinum purpurcum Orobus fylvaticus noftras. Englifh wildWeod-
Lobelii Ger. emac Great Sea-ftock-Gillyflower, Vetch or bitter Vetch. Below Brecknock-Mi in
with a Jinuated leaf. On thefandy flmes about A- the way to Cardiff and in
Merionethihire not :

bermeney ferry in the Ifle of Anglefey, and at Aber- far from Bala.
daren in Caernarvonjbire. Plantjgo anguflifolia montana. An Alpina
Lychnis Alpina minima. CaryophylJeus flos anguflifolia B.
J. Narrow-leav'd Mountain-Plan-
9 Cluiio, Caryophyllus pumilio Alpinus Ger. tain. On the rocks of Trigvylchau above the Lake
emac. Lychnis Alpina pumila folio gramineo, Lhyn Bochlyn, near the
Church of St. Peris.
leu Mufcus Alpinus Lychnidis flore C. B. Muf- Polypodium Cambro-britannicum pinnulis
cus Alpinus flore infigni dilute rubente J. B. ad margines laciniatis.
Laciniated Polypody of
Ocymoides mufcofus Alpinus Park. The leaft Wales. On a rack in a wood near
Denys Powyj
Mountain-Campion or Moffe-Campion. On the fteep Caflle, not far from Caerdyff
in Glamorgan-
and higher rocks of Snowdon-hill in Caernarvonfhire fhire.
almofl every-where. Ranunculus globofus Ger. Park, parad. Tie
Lychnis fylveftris vifcofa rubra anguflifolia Globe-flower or Locket--gallons.
In the mountainom
C. B. Park. Odontidi five Flori cuculi affinis meadows, and on the
fides of the Mountains plen-
Lychnis fylv. i. Clufii in Pannon. 4 in Hift. tifully.
J. B. Mufcipula anguflifolia Ger. emac. Narrow- Rhodia radix omnium Autorum. Rofewort.
leaved red Catchfiy. On the fides of Craig Wreidhin On the rocks of the high Mountains of Snowdon and
hill in Montgomeryfjoire. Cader-idris, &c. plentifully.
Allines myolotis facie Lychnis Alpina flore Sedum Alpinum Ericoides csmileum C. B.
amplo niveo repens D. Lloyd. Mountain-Campion
J. B. Mountain Heath-like Sengreen with large pur-
•with a large -white flower, refembling Moufe-ear ple flowers. On the fteep and higher rocks of Snow-
Chickweed. By the water-courfes on the fides ofSnow- don almofl every where.
dm-hill plentifully. Sedum Alpinum trifido folio C. B. Small
Lonchitis alpera C. B, afpera major Ger. afpe- Mountain-Sengreen with jagged
leaves. On Snow-
ra major Matthiolo Park, altera cum folio den- don and other high mountains,
chiefly by the rivu-
ticulato, Ave Lonchitis altera Matthioli J. B. lets fides.
Rough Spleen-wort -with indented leaves. It fprings Sedum ferratum flofculis compa&is non ma-
out of the rifts and chinks of the rocks, in the high culatis. Indented Mountain-Sengreen with
unfpotted
Mountains of Snowdon. v. g. Clogwin y Gar- flowers growing cloje together. On the higheft Moun-
nedh, y Grib G6ch Trygvylchau. tains, it fprings out of the chinks and commijfures
of
Lithofpermum majus Dodona-i, flore purpu- the neks ; as in Clogwyn
y Garnedh, Crib y
reo, femine Anchufe J. B. majus Ger. vulgare Diftilb, Clogwyn du ymhen
y Glyder, near
majus Park, minus repens latifolium C. B. the Lhanberys.
lefjer creeping Gromwel. On the top of a bufhy hill Thalictrum montanum minus foiiis Iatiori-
on the North-fide of Denbigh-town. bus. The leffer Meadow-rue with broader leaves.
Malva arborea marina noflras Park. Englifh On the fteep fides of the Mountain call'd Cader-idris
Sea-Tree-Mallow. On the rocks of Caldey Ifland by Dolgchle in Merionethfhire, out of the clefts or
in South-Wales plentifully. chinks of the rocks.
Mufcus clavatus live Lycopodium Ger. Park.
Thalieirum minimum montanum, atro-ru-
Club-mofs or Wolves- claw. On the Mountains every
bens, foiiis fplendentibus. The leaft mountainous
where. Meadow-rue, with fhining leaves and dark red flow-
Mufcus terreflris foiiis retro reflexis J. B. ers. On the moift rocks, and by the rivulets in the
Lycopodium elatius Abieti-forme Julo fingulari Mountains of Caernarvonfhire, Mr. Lhwyd. There
apode D. Llrayd. Club-mofs with refleBed leaves, are two varieties of this, the one with broader, the
and Jingle heads, without foot-flalks. It grows toge- other with narrower leaves.
ther with Cyprefs-?)iofs on the Mountains of Caernar- Thlafpi five Lunaria vafculo fublongo intor-
vonfhire ; but more rarely. We found it plentifully . Lunar Violet with a wrealhen cod. On the
Rhiw r Glyder above the Lake Mountains of North-Wales, obferv'd by Mr.
en the Mountain call'd
Lhyn y cwn, and elfewhere on the faid Mountain. Lhwyd. Who alfo found another Plant there on
Mufcus clavatus foiiis Cupreili Ger. emac. the high rocks call'd Hyfvae, hanging over the valley
C. B.Cyprefs-Mcfs or Heath-Cyprefs. On Snowdon, Nant Phrancon in Caernarvonfflire, which he in;
Cader-idris, and moft other of the high Mountains a- titled Paronychia? fimilis fed major perennfs
nioyig the grafs. Alpina repens, of which, having not feen it in the
Mufcus ercctus Abieri-formis, terreflris redus feed, he was in fame doubt whether it might not be
J. B. Selago tertia Thai. Upright Fir-mofs. On the fame with the precedent.
Snowdon, Cader-idris, and other high Mountains. Thlafpi Vaccaria incano folio perenntf. Pe-
Mufcus terreflris repens, clavis fingularibus rennial Mithridate-muftard. In the mountainous
toliciis ere&is. Creeping Club-mofs with ereB heads. part of North-Wales.
On moifl and watery places about fprings ; and in Naflurtium petramm Jolmfoni Merc. Bot. parr.
meadows about Capel Ceirig. alt. Dr. Johnfon's Rock-crefs. On the high Moun-
5 N 2 tains
) 839
ORDEVICES. 5
4c
and Merionethfllire, as Gladiolus lacuftris Dortmanni Cluf. cur. pofl.
tains of Caertlarvonftrire
Clufii, five Leucoium paluftre
Moelyn rudh near Pheftiniog, Clogwyn du y yr Glad. lacuftris
Bauhini Park. Water Gladioli. In
Ardhus and Clogwyn y Gamedh near Lhan- flore carruleo
bcrys: mofl of the Lakes in North- Wales.

Bulbofa Alpina juncifolia pencarpio umco Graminifolia lacuftris prolifera, feu plantulis
erecto in fummo cauliculo dodrantali. A
cer- quali novis hinc inde cauliculis accrefcentibus.

tain Rufo-ieav'd bulbous Plant, having

one Seed- A
Grafs-leav'd childing Water-plant, having young
inches Plants fpringing from the fialks.
vejfel on the top of an ereB (talk about nine
high. On the high rocks of Snowdon, **,. Trig- Veronica fpicata latifolia C. B. Ger. major la-
vylchau y Clogwyn du ymhen y Gluder, Clog- tifolia, foliis fplendentibus & noli fplendentibus
wyn yr Ardhu Crib y Diftilh, &c. Mr. Lhwyd. J. B. fpicata latifolia major Park. Great broad-
It hath three or four more narrow
and port leaves leavd fpiked Speedwell or Fluellin. On the fides of
upon the ftalk. a Mountain call'd Craig-Wreidhin in Montgo-
Subularii lacuftris feu Calamiftrum herba a- meryfhire.
quatico-Alpina, f. Aizoides Fufiforme Alpino- Auricula muris pulchro flore, folio tenuiffimo
rum lacuum D. Lhwyd. A
Spindle-leav 'd Water
B. Small fiue-leavd Mountain-duckweed with
Singreen-like Plant, growing in the bottom oj
a J'mall J.
the high and fteep rocks a-
Phynon a fair flower. On mofl of
Lake near the top of Snowdon-hill, call'd bout Snowdon.
vrech, &c.
Trichomanes ramofum J. B. aliud, foliis mu-
Graminifolia plantula Alpina capituhs Ar- Prod. Scot.
menia: prolifera:, D. Lhwyd. Mountain grafs- cronatis profundi incifis Sibbald.
A
In Branched Euglijb black Maiden-hair.
On the high
leav'd Plant with heads like the Clufter-pink.
a certain high rock call d rocks about Snowdon plentifully.
the pafiures at the foot of
Clogwyn du ymhen y Glyder in Caernarvon-
fllire.

B R I G A N-
 R

S/j-i 842

BRIGANTES.
i tfQjjRMIifl-JU
RITAIN, which has thm far bulgd out into feveral large Promontories, co-
ming gradually nearer, on one fide to Germany, and on the other to Ireland;
does no-jj (as if it were ajraid of the breaking-in of the Ocean) draw it [elf in

on each fide, and retire further from its neighbours, and is contracted into a much
'<,?""
narrower breadth. For it is not above a hundred miles over, between the two
J £|fffl
; which run northward almofi in a fireight line as far as Scotland.
coafls While
'
Government of the Britains lofted, almofi all this trail was inhabited by the
:V; :, <;
:

the
,
^'S'W^fStl For Ptolemy tells us, that they were poffeffed of aS,from the Eaflern
Brigantes.
This was a People flout and numerous ; and they are very
to tlie IVeftern Sea.

much commended' by the beft Writers ; who all name them Brigantes, except Stephanas in his Book of
Cities, who calls them Brigs. What he fays of them there, we know not ; the place where he fpeaks-Q^^-,
about them, being imperfeB in the Copies which we have at this day. If Ifoould imagin, that thofe Bri- Brigantes,
stances were fo cali'dfrom Briga, which among the old Spaniards fignified a City; it is a conjecture thatfro rn whenrt
I could not acquiefce in, becaufe it is evident from Strabo that this is a pure Spanifh word. Or if Iflwuldio call'd.
think with Goropius, that tbefe Brigantes were deriv'd from a Belgick word Free-hands (i. e. Liberi
manibus ; ) what were it but to obtrude Dreams upon thofe who are waking ? But whatever becomes of
tbefe Opinions ; our Britains at this day, if they obferve a fellow of a refolute, reftlefs, intruding temper,
* Brigantem will twit him by faying that * he plays the Bngans : and the French at this time call the fame fort of
*2'"'._
_
men Brigand, and Pirate-fhips Brigantin ; which are probably remains of the old Gaulifk. But whether
languages, and whether our Brigantes were of
iefSer-' the word bad that fignification in the old Gaulifb or Britijh
cbes de France, that temper, I dare not affirm. let, if 'my memory fail me not; Strabo calls the Brigantes (a People of the

1.6, c. 4.0. Alps) Graflatons, i.e. robbers and plunderers ; and Julius Belga, a defperately bold youth (who look'd
upon Power to be Authority, and Virtue to be no more than an empty name,) ts in Tacitus firnam'd Brigan-
ticus. And our Brigantes feem to have been a little guilty in that way; who were fo very troublefome to
their neighbours, that Antoninus Pius difioffefsd them of a great part of their territories for no other reafon ;
as PauJanias tells us in thefe words, 'A-n-'-Tl^o o 'Avlann^- b EAiirtSW jtw b* B&crW« B&?mtm t tj-cmW,
f- AmoninUS rlUS de-
oti iTTtvZcuteiv ij ourot aua to/;- o'staoi? v t \a.v rUa, TuBrlVv fiol^v, t^wkoV 'PiupouW '.

priv'd the Brigantes in Britain of much of their lands ; becaufe they began to make incuriions
into Genounia, a Region under the Jurifdiftion ot the Romans. I hope none will conftrue this as a
reproach for my part, I fbould be unlike my felf, fhould I now go to caft a fcandal even upon a private
.-

ferfon, and much lefs upon a whole Nation. Nor was this indeed any reproach in that warlike age,
when all Right was in the longeft Sword. Robberies (fays Cafar) among the Germans are not in
the Iofl.fl inramous, fo they be committed without the bounds of their refpe&ive Cities and :

this they tell you they pra&ife, with a defign to exercife their youth, and to keep them from

floth and lazinefs. Upon the like account alfo, the Patones among the Greeks had that name from being

f Percuflbres. jStrikers or Beaters ; as the Quadi among the Germans, and alfo the Chaldeans, had their s from ^£— e { nerlIS
||
Grafiatores. ing Robbers and Plunderers.
\\ Rcineccius.

r . When Florianus del Campo, a Spaniard (out of vanity and oflentation,) carried the Brigantes out
into Ireland, and from thence into Britain, without any manner of ground, but that he found the
anThofe^rT / Spain
Ireland Bir- City Brigantia in Spain ; / am afraid he very much miftook the mark. For if it may not be allow d,
games. that our Brigantes and thofe in Ireland had the fame name upon the fame account ; / had rather con-
jecture, with my learned friend Mr. Thomas Savil, that part of our Brigantes, with others of the Bri-
tifl) nations, retir'd into Ireland, upon the coming over of the Romans : Some, for the fake of eafe and
quietnefs ; from being witneffes of the Roman infolence ; and others again, becaufe
others, to keep their eyes

that liberty whichNature had given them, and their younger years had enjoy d, they would not now quit
in their eld age. However, that the Emperour Claudius was the fiyft of all the Romans who made an
attempt upon our Brigantes, and jubjetled them to the Roman yoke, may be gathered from thefe Verfes
of Sentca :

s o .
Iile
843. BRIG ANTES. "8
44
Ille Brita
Ultra noti Jittora Ponti, & caeruleos
Scuta Brigantes, dare Romulads colla catenis
JuiTit, & jpfum nova Romans jura fecuris
Tremere Oceanum.

'Twos he whofe all-commanding yoke

The farthefl Britain! gladly took,
Him the Brigantes in blue arms ador'd,
When the vaft Ocean fear'd his power
Reflramd with Laws unknown before,
And trembling Neptune ferv'd a Roman Lord.

Tet I hav$ always thought, that they were not then conquer'd, but rather Surrender d themfehes to the
3
Romans : becaufe what he has mention d in a Poetical manner, is not confirm d by Hiftorians. For Taci-
tm tell us, that then Oftorius, having new conquefts in his aye, was drawn back by fame mutinies among
the Brigantes ; and that after he had put fame few to the fword, he eajily quieted the reft. At which time
Cartifninti- the Brigantes were
govern d by Cartifmandua, a noble Lady, who deliver d up King Caratacus to the
dua. Romans. This brought in wealth, and that, Luxury ; fo that, leaving her husband Venutius, Jhe mar-
See The Ro- ry''d Vellocatus (his armour-bearer) and made him ftparer with her in the government. This Villany was
mans in Bri
the overthrow of her Houfe, and gave rife to a bloody war. The City flood up for the Husband and the ;

Tacitus. Queens lift and cruelty, for the Adulterer. She, by craft and artifice, got Venutius'-r brother and neareft
relations to be cut off. Venutius could no longer brook this infamy-, but call'd-in fuccours by whofe ajji- ;

ftance partly, and partly by the defection of the Brigantes, he redue'd Cartifmandua to the utmofl extre-
mity. The Garrifons, Wings, and Cohorts, with which the Romans furnift'd her, brought her off in fe-
deral battels : yet fo, that Venutius kept the Kingdom, and left nothing but the War to the Romans ;
wh-o could not fubduethe Brigantes before the time oj Vefpafian. For then Petiiius CereaJis came againft
this People, with whom he fought feveral battels, not without much blood/bed, and either wafted or conquer d
a great part of But whereas Tacitus tells us, that this Queen of the Brigantes deliver 'd
the Brigantes.
Caratacus Claudius, and that he made a part of Claudius'j' triumph ; it is a manifeft
prijoner to

\ A mi flake \ 'A>1iyi<;i\iou& in that excellent Author, as Lipfius (that great Mafler of ancient Learning) has long fince
in Chronolo. obferv'd. For neither was this Caratacus (Prince of the Silures) in that triumph of Claudius ; nor yet
Caratacus, fon of Cunobelin (for fo the Fafli call the fame perfon, that Dio calls Catacratus,) over
whom Aulus Plautius, if not the fame year, at leaft the very next after, * triumphed by way of Ova-* Ovans tri-
tion. But thefe things I leave to the fearch of others; though fomething I havefaid of them before. /tfLimphavic.
the time of Hadrian, when (as JEVms Spartianus has it) the Britains could no longer be kept un-
der the Roman yoke ; our Brigantes feem to have revolted among the reft, and to have rais'dfome very
notable commotion. Elfe, why fliould Juvenal (who was a Contemporary) fay?

Dime Maurorum attegias, & caftra Brigantum.

Brigantick forts and Moorifb booths pull down.

And afterwards, in the time of Antoninus Pius, they feem not to have been over-fubmijfrue ; feeing that
Emperour (as we objerv d) difpoffefs d tlxm oj part of their territories, for invading the Province of Ge-
nunia or Guinethia, an Allie of the Romans.
If I thought Ifbould ejeape the Cenfure of the Criticks (who, prefuming upon their wit and acutenefs, do
now-a-days take a jhange liberty,) methinks I could correB an error or two in Tacitus, relating to the Bri-
gantes. One is in the i 2th book of his Annals, where he writes that Venutius (the perfon we jufi now
mention d) belong d to the City oj the Jugantes, c civitate Jugantum ; I would read it Brigantum, and
Tacitus himfelf in the third Book of his Hiftory, jeems to confirm that Reading. The other is in the Life
of Agricola Brigantes (fays he) teeming Duce, exurere Coloniam, &c. i. e. the Brigantes, under
:

the conduB oj a woman, began to fet fire to the Colony. Here, if we will follow the truth, we are to
read Trinobantes for he fpeaks of Queen Boodicia, who had nothing to do with the Brigantes ;
:

whereas, it was floe that ftird up the Trinobantes to rebellion, and burnt the Colony * Camalo-* Maldon;
dunum.
This large Country of the Brigantes runs out narrower and narrower, and is cut in the middle (as Italy
is with the Appenmne) by a continud ridge of Mountains ; and thefe fepar ate the Counties into which it is
at prefent divided. For under thefe Mountains, toward the Haft and the German Ocean, lie Yorkshire
and the Bifhoprick of Durham ; and to the Weft, Lancashire, Weilmorland, and Cumberland ;
all which Counties, in the infancy of the Saxon Government, were contain d under the Kingdom of the
Deiri. For the Saxons cali'd thefe Countries in general, the Kingdom of Northumberland dividing ;

it into two parts : Deira (cali'd in that age Deip-lanb) which is nearer us, namely on this
fide the river
Tine; and Bernicia, the farther, reaching from the Tine f to the Frith oj Edenburrow, [(though it muftj- F return
be obferv'd, that our Hiftorians very much differ in their accounts concerning the precife Limits oj' thefe two Scoc cuin;
i

Divifions.y\ Which pans, though for fame time they had their different Kings, yet at laft they came all l U ~
j
under one Kingdom. And, to take notice of this by the way; where it is faid in the life of Charles the
||
Pag. 272. II

Great, Eardulphus Rex Nordanhumbrorum, i.e. De Irland, patria pulfus ad Carolum magnum Annal. Franc.
venit, ;'. Eardulph, King oj the Northumbrians, that is, of Irland, Using driven out of his own° a3,VOm
e.

Country, came to Charles the Great; inftead of De Irland, we are to read Deirland, and fo to un-
derftand it, that he went over to Charles the Great out of this Countrey, and not from Ireland.

TORK-
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
o

o
 '

845
846

TORKS HIRE.
•j HE County of York, in Saxon in this County and elfewhere, as alfo the Ba-
1 Copoppicrcype 1 £uepjnc- rons of Wcntwoi'th, have deriv'd their name
j-cype , epppocj-cype , and and original. fOf the family of that name
Cbopaj-cype, commonly Tork- and place, was T'homm Vifcnnm- *»*
"
foire, is by iar the largeit. Lord Lieuren°«*'"

County in England: -" , - 1

/C.

D
•V<
4ay
1*72
 ; •

345 846

TORKS HIRE.
™?S7^HE County of
Tori, in Saxon in this County and clfewhere, as alfo the Ba-
rons of Wentworth, have deriv'd their name
'..;''',:']
IMra|| > T c yP 9
Gffpocj-cyrje , and and original. TOf the family of that name
™
£boparcyjie, commonly 7cr£- and place, was Thomas Vifcouut Wentworth,
J&/re, is by far the largeft Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, created Earl of
County in England ; and is Strafford, and Knight of the Garter: who be- 15 Car. t
rcckon'd, as to Fuitfuhiefs, a ing beheaded on Tower-hill, lyeth here interM,May 12.
mi*t kind of foil, It in one place it be of and was fucceeded in his Honours by his fon l6 * 1 '
ftony, fandy, barren nature, in another it is William Earl ot Strafford, and Knight of the faid
pregnant and fruitful ; and fo it it be naked noble Order ; who dying without iflue, the ti-
and expos'din one part, we find-it cloath'd and tle was extinct, until it was revived in the per-
ftlelter'd with great ftore ot wood hi another ; fon of Thomas Wentworth, the prefent Earl
Nature ufingan allay and mixture, that the entire who fucceeded the laft Earl in the Barony of
County, by this variety in the parts, might ap- Raby, and was advanced by Queen Anne (by
pear more pleating and beautiful. Towards the whom he had the honour to be employ \1 in
weft, it is bounded by thole hills already men- divers Embaflies abroad, and to be made
tioned, and by Lancafiiire, and Wetlmorland. Knight of the Garter) to the Earldom of Strat-
Towards the north, it borders upon the County ford.l Next, the Done arrives at Sheffield, re-Sheafield.
of Durham, which is feparated from it through- markable, among other little towns hereabouts,
out by the river Tees. On the eaft, it bounds for Blackfmiths (great plenty of iron being dug
upon the German Ocean. The fouth-fidi in thefe parts ; ) and for a ftrong old Caftle,
encios'd, Brffc with Cbefhire and Derbyfhire, which has defcended by inheritance from the
then with Nottinghamshire, and Iaftly with Lovetofts, the Lords Furnival, and Nevil LordFurmval.
Lincoln (hire, where that noble jeftuary the Furnival, to the moft honourable the Talbots,
Humber breaks-in ; the common re;idezvouz tor Earls of Shrewsbury. Hit is the Staple-town
the greatefl part of the rivers hereabouts. The tor Knives, and has been fo thefe three hun-
whole County is divided into three parts, de- dred years Witnefs that Verfe of Chaucer's,
:

nominated from tiiree feveral quarters of the

world, Weft-Riding, Eaft-Riding, and North- ASheffield whittle bare he in his hofe.
Riding. TAnd this Divifion by Ridings, is on-
ly a corruption of the Saxon Bpibmg, which Many of the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury, are
confided of feveral Hundreds or Wapentakes. Nor hereinter'd, particularly, George the firft of that
was it peculiar to this Country, but formerly name, who dy'd the 26th of July, 1538, and
common to moft of the neighbouring ones, as his grandfon otthe fame name (to whofe cufto-
* Cap. 13,
j. appears by the * Laws of Edward the Confef- dy Mary Queen of Scots, was committed) the
34- for, and f the life of King Alfred. Weft-Riding date of whofe death is now inferted upon the
"1

+ Pag- 74,
or the Weft-part, is for fome (pace bounded by Tomb [xviii. Novembris, anno redemptio-
Tii &e.
Weft- the river * Oufe, by Lancashire, and by the ns Chrifti rpDLXXXX]
which is the more
Riding. fouthern limits of the County, and lies towards worthy our obfervation, beqaufe it was defi-
* Firft
the louth and weft. Eaft-Riding or the eaft- cient in that part, when Sir William Dugdale
called Urc
part of the County, lies towards the eaft-, and publiiVd his* Baronage. His fon Gilbert, like-* Vol. 1.
and Bar.
towards the Ocean, which, together with the wife inter' d here, gave 200 I. per Ann. to the p- 334.
river Durwent, enclofes it. North-Riding or the poor of Sheafield, where his great grandfon erect-
north-part, tronts the north, and is in a man- ed a ftately Hofpital with this Infcription:
ner furrounded by the rivers Tees and Derwent
and by the long courfe of the river Oufe. From The Hofpital of the Right Honourable
the wettern mountains, or thofe that border on Gilbtrt Earl of Shrewsbury,
the weft part ot the County, many rivers break erected and fetledby the Right Honourable Henry.
forth which are, every one, at laft receiv'd by
; Earl of Norwich, Earl Marfhal ot England,
the Oufe, and fo in one chanel flow into the Great grand-child of the aforefaid Earl, in
Humber. And I do not fee any better me- purfuance of his laft Will and Teftament,
thod in defcribing this part, than to follow Anno Dom. 1673.
the courfe of the Dane, Calder, Are, Wherte,
Nid, and Oufe, which iflue out ot thefe moun- The Manour of Sheafield is defcended from the
tains, and are not only the moft conliderable faid Earl Marfhal to the prefent Duke of Nor-
rivers, but flow by the moft confiderabl< folk. The toremention'd Caftle was built of
places. ftone in the time of Henry the third, and was
Danus, commonly Don and Dune, feems to dcmolifh'd (when other Caftles alfo were or-
be fo call'd, becaufe it is carry M in a low deep der'd to be ras'd) alter the death of King Charles
chanel tor that is the iignihxation of the Bri- the firft.
; Here it was (or in the Manour-houfe
Wortley. tifh word Dan. It firft falutes Hartley, which in the Park) that Mary Queen of Scots was de-
has given name to the eminent family of the tailed Prifoner in the cuftody of George Duke
Wortleys ; fthe iflue-male of which, expir'd in et Shrewsbury, between fixteen and feventeen
f Sid. Re Sir Francis Wortley, \ who devis'd the greateft years. Concerning the vaft Oak-tree growing
ports, 315, part ot his eft ate to Anne Newcomen, wife ot this Park, the Reader is refer 'd to Mr. Eve-

Dugd.Bar the honourable Sidney Hartley Efq; ( fe- lyn's account erf it? who fays, it had above ten Sylva,c. xxx,
II

l Vol. p. 44.5 cond fon ot Edward Mount ague Earl of Sand- thoufand foot of board in it ; and he adds, P- J 5 5
day 2S. wich, Gain in the Dutch wars ) who in concerning another Oak growing in the lame
right of his Lord of WortleyA Park, that it was fo vaft, that when cut down,
faid wite is

Then it falutes near Wortley, two men on horfe-back being on each lide of it,
another place
tfent worth. call'd Wentworth, from which main- Gentry both could not fee the Crow ns of each others hats.
Before
Hi BRIG ANTES. 84.8
Before the river Don comes to Rothcram, it and grandfather to Edward rhe fourth ; who
by a fair Roman fortification, call d
paries clofe afpinng toofoon to the Crown, was beheaded
Temple- Temfle-Brmtgh. The north-eaft comer ot it is by King Henry the fifth. Nigh this Town, is
Brougb. worn away by the river the area is about two
: Carhoufe, the (eat of John Gill Efq; High-Sberift'Carhoufe.

hundred paces long, and one hundred and of the County in the year 1691. And above :

twenty broad, befides the agger ; and without three miles oft, Afton, the ancient feat of the Alton.
it, is a very large Trench,
thirty-feven paces Lords D'Arcies, now Earls of Holdernefs.
deep from the middle of the Rampire to the Not far from Conisburgh, is Edlington, the Edlington.
bottom. On the outfide of it is another large feat of the Lord Molefworth ; near which
place,

bench, upon which are huge trees and upon at Clifton, a confiderable quantity of Roman Clifton.
;

the fide of the bench of the high-way, there Coins was found in the year r 705, by
a la-

grew a Cbefnut-tree, that had fcarce any bark bourer, who cafually ftruck his pick-axe into an
upon it, but only upon fome top-branches, Urn full of them. Upon further Search, there
which bore leaves. It was not tall ; but the was found a larger Theca nummaria, that might
Bole could Scarcely be fathom'd by three men. contain about two
Gallons. They were both
On the north-fide of the river, over-againft full of Copper-Coins of the Bus-Empire, Galiie-
Winco-bank. Templebrough, is a high Hill call'd Winco-bank, nus, Poftumus, &c. and fome, particularly, of
from which a large bank is continu'd without Quintillus, who reign'd but feventeen days. A Vid. Philof.
interruption almoft five miles being in one conliderable number of thefe are now depofi-Tranf. n.303.
;

place call'd Dams-bank. And about a quarter ted in the Mufsum of Mr. Ralph Thoresby of
of a mile fouth from Kemp-bank (over which Leeds.l
this Bank runs) there is another agger,
which After Conisburrow, the Done waffles S/ror-Sprotburg.
parallel with that from a place call'd burg, the ancient Seat of an ancient Family
the
runs
the beft fami-
Birchwood, running towards Mexburgh, and ter- Fitz,-Witliams, Knights, ally'd to
minating within half a mile of ics weft-end as lies of England
; the anceftors of William;

Kemp-bank runs by Swinton to Mexburgh more Fitz.-Wilhams, who within the memory of t the Fiti- -

north.! laft age was Earl of Southampton ; and alfo

+ ° "
^"'J™^
From hence the Dane, under the (hide ot of William Fitz.-Williams, * Lieutenant of Ire- nn 6a ^
alder, yew-trees, and others, flows to Rotheram. land. But this is now
Rotheram. defcellded to the Copleys * Late Lieu-
of their's in tenant, C.
which glories in having had an Archbifliop of (as Elmfley and many other eftates
York of its own name, viz. Thomas Rotheram, thefe parts, are to the Saviles,) land is made
Sit Godfrey Copley, Ba-
a very wife and prudent man, born here, and a moll delightful feat by
a great benefaftor to the place having found- ronet, who has greatly adorn'd it, with Canals,
;

ed and endow'd a College with three Schools Gardens, Fountains, &c.l

for instructing boys in Writing,Grammar, and From hence the Dan, fevering into two Cha-
Mufick ; which are now fupprefs'd by the wic- nels, runs to an ancient town, to which it leaves
* This, C. ked Avarice of * the laSt age. fit is alfo ho- its name, commonly call'd at this day Doncafter, Doncafter.
the Saxons
nour'd, by being the birth-place of the learned but by the Scots Doncaftle, and by
and judicious Dr. Robert Sanderfon, late Lord Dona-certep by Ninnius, Caer-Dam; by ;

Thribergh. Bifhop of Lincoln. Near which, is Tbribergh, Antoninus, Danum, and fo likewife by the
No-
feat of Sir William Reresby K Baronet, titia ; which relates, that the
PrafeS of the
lately the
but fince the eftate of John Savil of Medley, Crifpinian Horfe, under the Dux Britannia,
gar-

Sandbeck. Efq. ; and Sandbeck, which hath been honour'd riton'd there. About the year 759. it was
and fo bu-
by giving the title of Vifcount to the Right burnt to the ground by lightning,
yet
Honourable James Sanderfon, Vifcount Caftle- ry 'd in its own rubbifh, that it has hardly
ton of Sandbeck.l Then the Done runs within recover 'd it felf. The plot of a large tower
Connisbo- view of Connisborow, all old Caftle, call'd in is Still vilible (which they imagin was deftroy'd
Stands a neat Church
row. Britifh Caer Conan, and fituated upon a rock ; in that fire,) where now
(at the battel of Maisbelly, when Au- dedicated to St. George, the
only Church in the
whither
relius Ambrofius routed the Saxons, and put town. Tin this Church is inter'd 'Thomas Ellis,
of an Hofpital
Florilegusthem to a diforderly flight) Hengift their Ge- five times Mayor, and founder
* 8 7- neral retir'd, to fecure himfelf and a few days call'd St. Thomas the Apoftle : and one Byrks, who
;

after, took the field againft the Britains, who gave Roffington-viood to the publick, with this
purfu'd him, and with whom he engag'd a fe- uncouth lnfcription
upon his Tomb. Howe.
which prov'd fatal both to himtelt Howe. Who is heare, I Robin of Doncaftere and
cond time ;

that I had, that I

and his army. For the Britains cut oft' man) Margaret my feare that I fpent ;

that Iloft. A.D. 1579.

f- Oftus,
am- of them, and f taking him prifoner, beheadec gave that I have, that Heft
futau capite, h| m , if the authority of the Britifh Hiftory is Quoth Robertus Byrkes, who in this world did
M. Wtlm. f0 k e pre fcr 'd in this matter before that ofth reign threefcore years andJ even, and yet livd not one.
It appears Saxon Annals, which report him to have dy'd
||
At the end of Doncafter, is a memorable old
||

rot, that any a natural death, being worn out and fpent with Crofs, with this Norman
Infcription round it.
Saxon ^«»"(>,-
at i s ue and bufinefs. TThis Caftle hath been +
ICEST EST LA CRVICE : : D. : OTE :

fay fo.
a large ftrong-built Pile, the out-walls whereof T1LLIAKI :
EN: FACE
ALME DEV : : :

are Handing, fituate on a pleafant afcent from MERCI : AM :

the river, but much over-top'd by a high hill This place hath afforded the title of Vlf-
Baron of Sauley, cre-
on which the town (lands. Before the gate is count, to James Hay
an agger, faid by tradition to be the burying ated 16 Jac. 1
who afterwards, in the 20th
;

place of In the
Hengift. Church-yard, under year of the fame King, was alfo made Earl
the wall, lies a very ancient ftone of blue mar- of CarliSle, and
was Succeeded in his eftate
ble, with antique figures upon it ; one repre- and titles by James his fon, who dy'd without
senting a man with a target encountering a vaft iiiue. Whereupon, in the 15th of Car. 1.
was created
winged Serpent, with another bearing a target James FitzrRoy Baron of Tindale,
of Monmouth.
behind him. It is ridg'd like a Coffin, on which Earl of Doncafter, and Duke
is engraven a man on horfe-back, curioufly cut,
Thence Done runneth by Wxatley, the Seat Wheatley.
whofe uncle Bryan^
Fuller's but very ancient. This place is alfo famous for of Sir George Cook, Baronet,
whole Reftory ot Ann- l6oa
Worth. being the birth-place oil Richard Plantagenet Duke Cook Efq; gave by Will the
the payment of fo
p. 91. of York, grand/on to King Edward the third, Arkfey to five Truftees for
much
 M

8 49 TORE SHIRE. Weft-Riding. 850

12/. J^f. much to the Vicar there, as with his * ancient
bee"n leen in this town; nor any Sparrows
4 rf.
flipend amounts100 /. per Ann.
to He gave at a place call'd Lindham, in the Moors be-
alio 40 /. aSchool-maflerto inftrucT: low it
per Ann. to though it is a good earth for corn
;

the poor of the Parifh, and 60 1, tor the build- or paffure, but encompals'd with a morafs.]
ing of an Hofpital tor twelve of the ancienteft After this, the Dan divides it felf again, one
poor, which receive each 5 /. per Ami. His bro- ftream making towards the river /del which
1683. ther Sir George Cook Baronet, gave by Will comes out of Nottinghamshire, and the other
200/. and two Cottages, tor building or a fair towards the river Are in both which they con- ;

Schocl-houfe. Scarce two miles trom Arkfey, tinue till they fall into the arftuary of Humber.
Ad wick. lies Adwkk in the flrc-et, memorable on this ac- TNear the confluence oi Don and Are, is Cowkk,
CowUk.
count, that Mrs. Anne Savill (a Virgin Benefa- the pleafant feat of the ancient family of the
ctor) daughter of John Savill of Medley Efq; Dawneys (which name occurs frequently amongft

f For about I purchas'd the Rectory thereof, and fettled it the Sheriffs of this County) of which Sir John
900/. in the hands of" TrufUes for the ufe of the Dawney was by King Charles the fecond ad-
Church for ever and this from a generous and vane'd to the degree of Vifcount Dovme in
:

pious principle, upon the reading ot Sir Henry the Kingdom of Ireland.! Within the Ifland,
Spelmans noted Treat ife, De non tcmerandis Ec- or that piece of ground encompafs'd by the
|| Mr. Jrjkua clefiis. The Incumbent erected this Infcription branches of thefe two rivers, are Dkhe-march
||

Brook. over the door of the Parfonage-houfe, built and Maryland, fenny tracts, or rather River-Marfhland,
from the foundation at his own charge ReBo- iflands, about fifteen miles round, which pro-
:

£
ria de Adwkk accejfit C/ero ex Dormtione D" Anna duce a very green rank grafs, good for cattle,
Savile, ex ProfapiH SavUlorutn de Metbley ori- and are in a manner fet round with little vil-
Uildt£.~) lages. fOne of thefe is Ip'hitgift; from the fa-Whicgift.
Scarce five miles from Doncafter, to the fouth, miiy of which name and place, was defcended
ftands a place which I muft not pafs by, nam'd John Whitgifi, the learned and pious Archbifhop
Tickhill f(io call'd trom. a Saxon word, fignify- of Canterbury.! Some of the inhabitants ima-
ing Goats ;)! an ancient town, and fortify gin that the whole Ifland Hoats upon the wa-
with an old caftle, which is large, but only fur- ter ; and that when the waters are encrcas'd,
rounded with a fingle wall, and by a huge it is rais'd higher; juft like what Pompcnius
mount with a round tower on the top of it. Mela tells us of the Ifle of Antrum in Gaul.
It was of fuch dignity heretofore, that all the TThefe Levels or Marjhes, efpecially eaftward, Levels.
manours hereabouts appertaining to it, were and north-eafl of Thorn (a market-town,) are
flil'd, the Honour of Tickhill. In Henry the Aril's generally a Turf-moor but in other places ;

reign, it was held by Roger Bufly but after- are intermix'd with arable and pafture grounds.
;

wards King Stephen made the Earls of Ewe in By reafon ot the many Meres, it was formerly
Normandy Lords of it. Next, King Richard well-ftor'd with frefh-water fifh (efpecially
Plae. An. 3 the firfl gave it to his brother John. In the Eels) and with fowl. But in the reign of King
Joan. Barons war, Robert de * Vipont took and held Charles the firfl feveral Gentlemen undertook
Plac. M.4
it, till Henry the third deliver'd to him the to drain this rri .nlh and fenny country, by
H.j.
* Vcteri pome, caftle of Carlifle, and that County, upon con- drawing fome large rivers, with other fmaller
dition that he fhould reftore it to the Earl of cuts. Th-re is an angle cut from about Thome
Ewe. But upon the King of France's refufal to Gjfwki which is ten miles in length, and ex-
to reftore the Englifh to the eftates they had traordinary broad. As to what is obferv'd be-
in France, the King difpolTefs'd him again fore, ot the ground being heav'd up, feveral
;

John Earl of Ewe ftill demanding the reftitution old men have affirm'd, that the Turf-moor be-
of it trom King Edward rhe firft, in right of twixt Thome and Gowk was fo much higher be-
Alice his great grandmother. Laftly, Richard fore the draining (efpecially in winter-time)
the fecond, King of England, gave it to John than now they are that before, they could fee ;

of Gaunt Duke of Lancafkr. Now, the Dan, little of the Church-fteeple, whereas now they
which rifes otten hereabouts and overflows its can fee the Church-yard wall. Under the Turf-
banks, re-unites its divided ftreams, and runs earth and other grounds, from one yard to t^vo
Hatfield on in one entire chanel by Hatfield Chafe, where yards deep, are frequently aug-up great quan-
Chafe.
is moft excellent Deer-hunting. Tin this place tities ot Firr-wood, and of other 7'rees, parti-
* Lovanii, Cadu-aliin King of the Britains (the * printed cularly Oaks ; the wood of the laft being very
Ann. 1566. Bede calls him Carduella, but Ceadwalla feems black. At low -water, in the great cut to Goivle-
+ Penes R. to be the right, as it is in a \ Manufcript Bede) lluice, have been obferv'd feveral roots of trees;
T ho res by. with Penda, the Pagan King of Menia, in a fome very large, /landing upright, others incli-
bloody battel flew Edivyn the firfl Chriflian ning ; fome of the trees have been found lying
King of Northumberland, and Prince Offride along with their roots faften'd, others feem'd
his eldeft fon, in the year 633. Here alfo was to have been cut or burnt, and broke off from
the birth-place oi Prince William, fecond fon of the roots. Upon the digging of thefe large ri-
A.D. | 335 ,
King Edward the third, which the rather de- vers, there were found gates, ladders, ham-
ferves our mention, becaufe by moft Hiftorians mers, ftioes, nuts, &c. and the land in fome
it is mifplac'd at Hatfield in Hertfordshire ; but places was obferv'd to lie in ridges and fur-
that it is an error, plainly appears by the Rolls, rows, as if it had been plow'd. Under fome
which tell us, that Queen
Philippa gave five part of the Turf-more, firm earth was found
;
marks per Ann. to the neighbouring
Abbot of but in other places, nothing but fand. About
Roch, and five nobles Monks there, to fifty years fir.ee, they found the entire body of
to the
pray for the foul of this her fon William de a man at the bottom of a Turf-pit, about four
Hatfield which fumms are transfer'd to the
; yards deep, with his head northward ; his hair
Church of York, where he was bury'd, and are and nails not decay 'd. It is faid, that in the
to this day paid by the Earl of Devonfhire to cut-river to Gowle, there was found a Roman
the Bifhop, and Dean and Chapter of York, Coin, either ot Domitian o" Trajan ; and it is
out of the Impropriation of the Re&ory of very | certain, that other Coins of divers of chef Philof.
Hatfield. Near the town are many Entrench- Roman Emperors, have been fince met with. Trani". 11.27$.
ments, as if fome great army had been there From the pofition of the Trees, Roots, and
encamp'd. It is faid, that no Rats have ever all other circumflances, it appears evidently,

5 P that.
 1

851 BRIG ANT ES. 852

that thofc trees grew where they are found ly- But to return to the Calder : Which, with
ing ; of which, it is a very ingenious and very iupplics from other currents, is now become
* Ab. cle la probable * account, That this, and the other larger, and therelore made pailable by a very
Pryme, Phil, like places where tub terraneous wood is found, tine bridge at Eland, not far diftant from Gnm-Gnmfcar.
Tranf r.275. were anciently Forefls, cut down and burnt by fear, where bricks have been dug-up with this
the Romans, wherever they were round to be a Infcription :

refuge to the Britains, in their wars againft

them.] COH. IIII. BRE.
Among other brooks which water this place :

I muft not forget to mention the Went-, becauft For the Romans, who were excellent Mailers Vopifrus in
lt a "' cs rrom a P°°I nea1' Nofthill, where for- in all of War, wifely took care to Probo.
the arts
Noftliill.
merly ftood a monaftery dedicated to that Roy- preferve their Soldiers from effeminacy and

St. Ofwald.
al Saint King Ofwald, which was repair'd by A. iloth, by cxercifmg them in times of peace,
Contelfor to King Henry the firft; and f hath in draining the Country by ditches, mending
+ Is C.
"Now orSir DCCn tne feat of the famous family of the* (?ar- the high-w'ays, making bricks, building bridges,
Rowland graves Knights. fNot far from NoflbiUis Hemf- and the like.
Wynnc. -worth, where Robert Holgate Archbifhop or York Then, the river Calder patting through the
Hemrworth.
(depriv'd in the firft year of Queen Mary, for Mountains, on the left leaves Halifax, a very Halifax,
being marry'd) did found an Hofpkal for ten famous town, fituated from well to eaft upon
Ann. 1544. poor aged men, and as many women, who have the gentle defcent of an hill. This name is
each about io I. per Ann. and the Mailer who of no great antiquity. Not many ages hnce,
is to read Prayers to them, betwixt 50 and it was calfd Horton, as fome of the Inhabitants Some think ic
60 I. per Ann. He was likewife a Benefactor to. lay who tell us this ftory concerning the was formerly
;
'

if not Founder of, the School there.l change of the name. A certain Clergy-man of call d The
Calder, riv. The river Colder, which flows along the bor- this town, being paffionately in love with a
ders between this and Lancafliire among other young woman, and by no means able to move
;
*" the
§^
Stainland. inconfiderable little places, runs near \Stainland, her to a compliance, grew ftark rnad, and in
whei'e have been found feveral Roman Coins; that condition villanoully cut off her head, Her
Gretland. andl Gretland, fituated on the very top of a head was afterwards hung upon an Ew-tree,
hill, acceflible on one fide only, where was dug- w'here it was reputed holy by the vulgar, till

up this Votive Altar, facred, as it feems, to the quite rotten, and wss vifited in Pilgrimage by
tutelar God of the city of the Brigantes. It is them ; every one plucking off a branch of the
Bradley, to be feen at Bradley, in the houfe of the famous tree fas a holy relique.l By this means the
*Ann. 1607. Sir John Savil, Knight, * Baron of the Exche- tree became at laft a mcer trunk, but flill re-
quer ; r whofe brother was Sir Henry Savil, War- tailed its reputation of San&ity among the peo-
den of Merton-Colkge, Provoft of Eaton-Col- ple, who believ'd that thole little veins, which
lege, and the learned Editor of St. Chryfoflom.~\ are fpread out like hair in the rind, between
the bark and the body of the tree, were in-
Ann lChrifli DVICI. BRIG. On the other fide. d the very hair of the Virgin. This occa-
209, ET NVM. GG- fion'd fuch refort of Pilgrims to it, that Hot-
T.AVR.AVRELIAN ANTONINO from a little village grew up to a large
VS DD. PRO SE III.ETGET.COSS. town, afl liming the new name of Halig-fax or
ETSVIS.S.M.A.G.S. Halifax, which figmfies holy hair. ¥ or fax is Fax, what ic

us'd by the Engliih, on the other fide Trent, lignifies.

Which is to be read, Dui Brigantum
Civitatis & to fignify hair. And that noble family of
numinibm Auguftormn, "Titus Aurelius Aurelianm Fairfax in thefe parts, are fo nam'd from their
dedicavit pro Je &
fuis, i. e. To the God of the City fair hair. And therefore, whoever from the
of the Brigantes, and to the Deities of the Empe- affinity of the names, would have this place
rors, Titus Aurelius Aurelianm hath dedicated this to be what Ptolemy calls Olicam, are cer-
in behalf of himfelf and his. As for the laft re- tainly miftaken. This town is no lefs fa-
maining letters, cannot tell what they mean. mous among the common people for a By-
I
The Infcription on the other fide, is, Antonino law, whereby they
f behead any one inffant- Halifax-law,
tertium & Geta Confulibus. ly that is found ftealing j nor among the t Ann l6o 7« -

Du [,
Whether this Dui be that God which the Learned, who will have John de facro Bofco, Au-
prefeut Britains call Diw, or the peculiar and thor of the Treatife De Sphara, to be born in it.

Genii of topical Genius of the Brigantes, may be deci- ~ut it is more remarkable for the unufual ex-
placcs. ded by thofe who are better Judges. But as tent and largenefs of the Parifh, which has un-
Lib. 1. Symmachus has it, As the fouls are diftributed der it f twelve Chapels (two whereof are Pa--f- Eleven, C.
Ep. 40. among thofe that are born, even jo are the fatal Ge- rochial) and about twelve thoufand men in it.
nii among Nations. God appoints every Kingdom its So that the Parifhioners are wont to fay, that
refpeEitve Guardians. This was the perfwafion they can reckon more in their Parifh, Mm
and belief of the Ancients in thofe matters. than any kind of animal whatever whereas in ;

For, to fay nothing of foreign Nations, whofe the moft fruitful places of England elfewhere,
Hiflories are full of fuch local Deities, the Bri- one fhall find thoufands of Sheep, but fo few
Dio. tains themfelves had their Andates in Eilex, their men, in proportion, that one would think they
BeUo-tucadras in Cumberland, their Viterinm and had given place to fheep and oxen, or were de-
Mogontus in Northumberland ; as will be more vour'd by them. The Induftry of the Inha-
manifeft from the Infcriptions, which I fhallin- bitants is alfo admirable, who, notwith Handing
fertin their proper places. And it is rightly unprofitable, barren foil, not fit to live in,
obferv'd by Servius Honm-atm, that thefe local have io flouriih'd by the Cloath-trade (which
Gods were never tranfitory, or removed from within thefe* feventy years they firft tell to)
Sowerby. one Country to another. TAt Soiverby, near that they are very rich, and have gain'd a renu- J J
Trri a " n 1007.
Gretland where the Votive Altar was dug-up, tation tor l •

it above tneir neighbours,

1

which
1 • « 1 . '

a considerable quantity of Roman Coins was confirms the truth of that old Obfervation, That
found in plowing, in the year 1678; but the a barren Country is a great whet to the in-
was feis'd and conceal'd by duftry of the Natives by which we find, that
greateft part thereof :

the workmen. Norinberg in Germany, Venice and Gemua in Ira-

3 53 YORKSHIRE. Weft-Riding. !

5+
ly, and Iaftly Limoges in France (all fituated in for he muft either be
taken hand-h.tbeud, i. e
barren foils,) have ever been very flourifhing having his hand in, or being
in the very act
fTotbis Tov.n and Pariill, Mr. Na-
Cities. ot iteaiing ; or back-berend, i. e.
having the
1642 thaniel Waterhouje, was an eminent Benefactorf thing ftolen either upon his back, or
July. by by providing an Houfe for the Lecturer, al
fomewhere
about him, without giving any probable ac-
Will.
Hofpital tor twelve aged poor, and a V/ork-houft count how he came by it ; or Iaftly confeffon'd,
.-., a»
+ Ext
ofteWiU. tor twenty children (the Overfed' whereof is owning that he ftole the thing for which he
to have 45 /. per An.) and a yearly Salary to the was accus'd. The caufe therefore muft be only
preaching Minifters of the twelve Oiapelries, theft, and that manner of theft only
which is
which, with moneys for repair of the banks, call d furtum manifejlum, or
notorious Theft,
To the Srft amounts to three hundred pounds per Ann. Brian grounded upon (ome of the
forefaid evidences.
10 1, to the Crovtther Clothier was a good Benefactor to the The value of the thing ftolen
muft Iikewifb
!".'",
i-
' ,Poor> and to t!ie Free-School of Queen Elizabeth amount to above 13 d. ob. for if the value was
per Ann.
in the Vicarage ot Halifax. In this Church found only fo much, and no more, by this Cu-
is inter'd the heart of William Rokeby (of the ftom he fhould not die for it. He was firft
Rokebys of Kirk-Sandal by Doncajler, where he brought before the Bailiff of Halifax, who
was born ) Vicar of Halifax, and Parfon of prefently fummon'd the Frithborgers within the
Sandall, afterwards Bifhop of Meath and Arch- feveral Towns of the Foreft; and, being found
Nov. 29, bifllop of Dublin, where dying, he order'd his guilty, within a week he was brought to the
1121. bowels to be bury'd at Dublin, his heart at Ha- Scaffold. ^The Ax was drawn up by a pulley,
lifax,and his body at Sandall, and over each a .and faften'd with a pin to the fide of the Scaf-
Chapel to be built ; which was perform'd ac- fold. If it was an horfe, an ox, or any other
cordingly. creature, that was ftol'n ; it was brought along
The vail growth and increafe of this Town with him to the place of execution, and fa-
may be guel's'd at from this inllance, which ften'd to the cord by a pin that ftay'd the
appears in a Manufcript of Mr. John Brear- block. So that when the time of execution
||
Born. clijf's, of one John Waterhoufe Efq. He was
|| came (which was known by the Jurors holding
413- Lord of the Manour, and liv'd nigh a hundred up one of their hands) the Bailiff or his Servant
years ; in the beginning of whofe time, there- whipping the beaft, the pin was pluck'd out,
were in Halifax but thirteen Houfes, which in and execution done. But if it was not done
one hundred twenty three years were increased by a beaft, then the Bailiff or his Servant cut
to above five hundred and twenty houfe-hold- the rope.
ders that kept fires, and anfwer'd the Vicar, But the manner of execution will be bet-
Ann. i$66. It is honour' d by having given ter apprehended by the following draught
title to George Lord Sarnie of Eland, Earl and
of it.
Marquifs of Halifax ; whofe fon William Lord
Sayil, late Marquifs of Halifax, dying without
Mile, the title of Baron of Halifax was con-
ferred by King William the third, upon the
honourable Charles Montague, a perfon of great
Learning and Eloquence, defcended from Hen-
ry, firit Earl of Manchefter, and advanced to
this dignity (and afterwards by King George
to the more honourable title of Earl of Hali-
fax ) for moft eminent Services done to his
Prince and Country ; particularly, in that moil
difficult and important Article of Retaining the
Money of the Nation ; the effecting of which,
at a very critical juncture, without damage to
the Subjects at home or advantage to our Ene-
mies abroad, was owing to the extraordinary
conduct, induftry, and penetration of this no-
ble Lord. Since whofe death, the Honour of
Earl of Halifax hath been confer'd upon the
Right Honourable George Mountague, his Ne-
phew and Heir.
This place is alfo honoured with the nativity
of Dr. John Tillotfon, late Arch-bifllop of Canter-
bury. So that this Weft-riding of Yorkihire
had at one time the honour of giving both the
Metropolitans to our Nation ; Dr. John Sharp
Archbifhop of York, being born in the neigh-
bouring town and contiguous parifh of Brad-
ford; where Mr. Peter Sunderland (of an ancient
family at High-Sunderland nigh Halifax) befides I
other benefactions, founded a Lecture, and en-
dow'd it with 40 /. per Ann. A A. The Scaffold.
But nothing is more remarkable, than their B. The piece of wood wherein
method of proceeding againft Felons, which the Axe is
fixd.
was juft hinted before, in, That a Felon ta- C. The Axe.
ken within the Liberty, with Goods ftol'n out
D. The Pulley by which the Axe
of the Liberties or Precincts of the Foreft: of is drawn
up.
Hardimck, fhould after three Markets or Meet-
he Malefactor who lies to
ing-days within the town of Halifax, next S- £, be beheaded.
P. The Ptn to which the Rope is
after his appreheufion, be taken to the Gib- ty'd that
draws up the Axe.l
bet there, and have his head cut off from
his body. But then the fact was to be certain;

Six
 : ;

8
55
BRIG ANTES. 8$6
ight Paulinus was the firft Archbifhop of York, a-
Six miles from Halifax, not far from t
AlmonSurj, bout the year 6z6, we are allured by the con-
Almondbury. fide of the river Calder, and near
curring evidence of our Hiftorians. From
CmboliMum.i little village, there is a fteep hill, only acceili-
where the hence Calder goes by Thornhill, which from a Thornhil!.
ble by one way from the plain ;
knightly family of that name defcended to the
marks of an old rampire, and fome ruins of a
Savils, (and became the polTefiion of the Lord
guarded with a round
wall, and of a caftle well

triple fortification, are vifible.

plainly Some Marquifs of Halifax ! and fo to Wakefield f(to Wakefield,
:

to be the of Olkana
remains which place, from Caftlefbrd, it was made navi-
would have it ;

of a gable in the year 1698,)! a Town famous for it's

Cambodumm (by
but it is really the ruins
Camulodunum, and Cloath-trade, largenefs, neat buildings, and
miftake in Ptolemy, call'd
and for the bridge, upon which
made two words by Bede, Campo-dunum,) as great Markers ;

appears by the diftance which Antoninus

makes King Edward rhe fourth built a very neat
Chapel, in memory of thofe that were cut-off
from Maximium on the one hand, and Cakaria
here. TThe carved work hath
on the other. Tit is, in King Alfred's Para- in the Battel
phrafe, render'd Donafelda. Manufcript Copy been very beautiful, but is now much de-
A
of Bede has it, Attamm in campo dmo, and fo
it faced. The whole ftru&ure is artificially
is in the Lovain Edition whence probably wrought, about ten yards long and fix broad.!
;

miftake of Stapleton, in tranfiating This town belong'd heretofore ro the Earls

came that
it Champion, called Down.'] In the beginning of of Warren and Surry as alfo Sandal-caflle,
;

gteat hard by, built by John Earl of Warren,

the Saxon times, it feems to have made a
never at liberty from the fla-
figure. For it was then a Royal Seat, and gra- whofe mind was
* Bafilita. ced with a * Church built by Paulinm the
Apo- veryofluft; for, being too familiar with the
'
to St. All/an wife of Thomas Earl of Lancafter, his defign
file of thefe parts, and dedicated
;

to detain her there fecurely from her hus-

whence, for Albanbury, it is now Tby corrup- was
tion! call'd Almcnbury. But in thofe cruel wars band. Below rhis town, when England was
the Britain and Penda the Ma- embroil'd with civil wars, Richard Duke of
that Ceadwall
thefe Ter York, and father of Edward the fourth (whofe 1460.
rian made upon Edwin the Prince of
tAppears,C.ritorics, it was burnt down which f nMn temper was rather to provoke fortune, than
:

appear quietly to court and expect it,) was here flain

been thought in fome meafure to
amongft many others, by the Lancaftrians.
in the colour of the ftones to this day.
there TAnd in the very place was found a large an-
fit was probably built moftly of wood,
or tique* gold-ring, fuppos'd to belong to that* In Mr.
being no manner of appearance of ftone chara-Thoresby's
brick. The fire that burnt it down feems to Prince. Within it, is engraved in the
cters of that age, pour bon amour and on the Mul * uin '

have been exceeding vehement, from the cin-

;

ders which are ftrangely folder'd together.

One out-fide, which is very broad, are wrought the
lump was found, of above two foot every way,
effigies of three Saints. the right hand of On
the earth being melted rather than burnt.
But the high-way leading from Wakefield to San-
the dal, is a fmr.U fquare plot of ground hedg'd
the conjecture of a burning there, from
buildings, in from a Clofe, within which (before the war
Macknefs of the ftones in the prefent
for the edges of them are fo in between King Charles and the Parliament)
is groundlefs :

lo there flood a Crofs of ftone, where Richard

the Quarry which is half a mile off ; and
is a Duke of York was flain. The owners are ob-
deep, that for fire to reach them there,
lig'd by the tenure of the land, to hedge it in
thing impoffible.! Afterwards, a Caftle was
con- from the Clofe. Here, by the noble Charity of
built here, which, as I have read, was
the pious Lady Campden, is a weekly Leftute,
fh-m'd to Henry Lacy by King Stephen.
fourfcore pounds per Ann. The
Whitley. Not far from this Hands Whitley, the Seat of endow'd with
Beau- other (for fhe left three thoufand pounds to
the ancient and famous family of the
from that of the Truftees for the founding two Lectures in the
mmts ( who are different _

Vifcounts Beaumont, and flourifh'd north of England) is at Grantham.']

Barons and
Tile ground hereabouts for a pretty way to-
in England before they came over ; )
fof
gether, is call'd the Lordfhip of Wakefield, and
which, Richard Beaumont is lately dead without
nath always fome one or other of the neigh-
iflue.l
Gentry for its Seneichal or Steward
The Calder having paffed by thefe places, bouring
an Office often adminifttr'd by the Savils, a
Kiriley. runs on to Kirkley, heretofore a Nunnery ; thence
and very numerous family in thefe parts, and tP= -r At this
r_
to Robin Hood's Tomb, a generous robber,
account and fo to tictllarly in the hands of Sir J. Savil Knight, day, C.
very famous upon that ;
* very beautiful feat was at Hoviley,* Nowde-
Deusborrotigh, fituated at the fix* of a
high whofe ||

Deuitar-
fThis, with feveral other confidera-molifii'd.
rough, Hill. Whether this name be deriv'd from Dai, not far off. Is »

the local Deity already mention'd, I

cannot ble Lordfhips, went from the Savils to the T w cy- 1J

'j, by the marriage of Frances, lifter °

determine : The name is not unlike ; for it re-
and [ble heir to James Earl of Suflex. Two
fembles Duis Burgh in found, and this Town memorable
of miles from Howley, is Drighlington, Drighling-
has been confiderable from the earlieft date
only for the nativity of Dr. James Margetfon, ton.
Chriftianity, among the Englifh of this Pro-
of Armagh, who founded a School
vince. For I have been infbrm'd that there Archbifhop * endowment.
here, with a good * 60 ;. per
was once a Crofs here, with this Infcrip-
At fome diftance from Wakefield, is Darton, Darton.
tion Beau-
feat of a branch of the family of the
of which, Mr. George Beaumont, a Mer-
PA.VLINVS HIC PILEDICAVIT moms :

confiderable Sums of money to be

ET CELEBRAVIT. chant, left

employ 'd in feveral charitable Ufes, viz.. \ the + 500 I.

That is,
founding of a free School at this place of his
Nativity, and to poot Minifters, and to the|| 500 1.
||

* i»l
Paulinus here preached and Celebrated.
Poor of * London, f York, and Hull betides || ;

relations, t 5°£
a confiderable eftate amongft his
Farther from the Calder, lies Burton-grange, B urt0 „.
the no lefs religious than honourablegrange.
TOf which Crofs, nothing now appears, ei- where daughter of Henry Talbot,
this Lady Mary Armyn
ther in fight or by tradition ; but,! that fourth
 ;

57 TORKSHIRE. Weft- Riding. 858

fourth fon of the illuftrious George Talbot Earl
ot Shrewsbury, and Relict of Sir William Army*),
Baroset, erected an Hofpital for fix poor wi-
dows, each of which have 40J. and a Gown
every year. She built alfo and endow'd two
other Hofpitals in other Counties during her
rocks, and rough ways, this place is very wild
and uniightly. In the very middle of which,
and not far from the Are, Hands Skipton, hid Skiptop.
(as it were) with thole deep precipices fur-
rounding it ; like * Lathcm in Italy, which * Lateo, to
Varro thinks was fo call'd from its lowfitua- lie hld -

life, and at her death left 40 I. per Ann. for pp tion under the Appennine, and the Alps. The
1. 1675-
years, to be apply 'd to fuch-lifce ufes. More town is pretty handfome, coniidering the man-
rfpur. to the fouth, is Wurfpur, where Henry Edmunds ner of building in thefe mountainous parts, and
Efq; and others, have generoufiy built a good is fecur'd by a very beautiful and ftrong Caltle,
houfe for the Minifler; and Mr. Obadiah Walker, built by Robert de Rum e ley by whofe pofte-
;

late Matter of Univerfity-College in Oxford, rky it came to be the inheritance of the Earls
and born here, annex'd a Library to the fchool: of Albemarle. But being afterwards efcheated
Stainbrough. and Stainbrough, where the Earl of Strafford (as the Lawyers term it) to the Crown, Ed-
hath erefted a noble feat; which alfo gives him ward the fecond gave it (with other large pof-
the title of Baron, But to return. feffions hereabouts) to Robert de Clifford an-
Between Wakefield out-wood, and Thorp on the ceftor to the Earls of Cumberland, in exchange
Lingwell- bill, at a place call'd Lingwell-yate, in the year tor fome lands of his in the Marches of Wales.
va te. 1697, were found certain Coining-molds or im- ['Here lie inter'd feveral of the Cliffords, parti-
preffions upon clay, which had been invented for cularly, George, third Earl of Cumberland,
ho-
the counterfeiting of Roman Coins ; and are nour'd with the Garter by Queen Elizabeth,
accordingly all of fuch Emperors, in whofe and famous for his Sea-fcrvices performing ;
times the Roman monies were notorioufly adul- * nine Voyages in his own perfon, moil of them * Infcriptlon
terated. It is probable enough, that the Lingo- to the Wefl-Indies, and being the beff. born En- in Skipton.
nes who were quarter'd at Ilkley, were alfo glifhman that ever hazarded himfelf in that caftle "

fometimes encamp'd here, near Thorp fuper mon- kind. He dy'd in the year 1605, leaving one Oftofa. 30.
tern, as it is written in the Regiflers ; and that only daughter Anne, Countefs of Pembroke, Dor-
the entrenchments there were from them deno- Jet, and Montgomery, an eminent benefaftor, bornj an. 30,
minated Ling-well, the Roman Vallum, being inthe year i$8p-fio. at Skipton-caftle in York-
pronounced Walhim.'] fhire; wherein we are the more particular, be-
About five miles from Wakefield, the river caufe Dr. Fuller in his Worthies, by a miitake, Com. Weflm.
Calder lofes both its name and waters in the fays itwas in Hertford/hire. She built from the P- J 4°.
Medley. river Are. Upon the confluence (lands Medley, ground,
or considerably repair'd, (ix ancient
formerly cpebeley, fo call'd from its fituation, Catties ; one of which, Brough, had kin
one hun-
t So in the middle between two rivers.
raid, In the \ lalt dred and forty years defolate after the fire had
ann. i<5°7' age, this was the feat of Robert Waterton, Ma- t confum'd it; another, Pendragon-caflle (off Ann 1*20- -

iler of the Horfe to King Henry the fourth, hich nothing remain 'd above an hundred See Ftf"
* At pre- and * afterwards of the famous Sir John Savif, years fince, but the bare name and mor ** *
.

an heap ot
fent, C. a moil: worthy Baron of the Exchequer, to (tones,) three hundred and twenty years
after
whofe Learning this work, and to whofe Civi- the invading Scots, under their King David,
+ Is, C. lity the Author of it, f was exceedingly en- had * wafted ir. She built alfo feven Chapels * Ann. 1341.
gaged. Tin this Church, he has a (lately monu-
or Churches, with two (lately Hofpitals richly
ment ; which fays, that he was, by the jpedal fa- endow'd ; and dy'd in the year i6j^. This Mar.
21.
vour of the King, Juflice of Affife in his own County. Country (Craven) gave the title of Earl
* Stat. 10 In the loth year of King William, an * Aft to William Craven ; who by King Charles
the
W, 3. ci 9. of Parliament pafs'd, for making and keeping firft was created Baron of
Hampfled-Marjhal,
navigable the two rivers Are and Calder. and by King Charles the fecond, in the 16r.hMar.1tf.
But before we proceed to the Are, we rnuft year of his reign, Earl of Craven.
Ribble riv. take notice, that the river Kibble runs a courfe From hence the Are paifeth by Thornton (the
of forty miles in this County, before it enters feat of the Thorntons,) to Rawdon,
famous forRawdon.
Giglefwick. Lancashire ; upon which is Giglefwick, where. Sir George Rawdon, a moll: accomplifli'd perfon,
at the foot of a very high mountain, is the who with two hundred or
fewer Britiih, mod
moll noted fpring in England for ebbing and valiantly repuls'd Sir Philim Neile, at the
flowing, fometimes thrice in an hour ; and the head ot an army of about (even
thoufand Re-
water fubfides three quarters of a yard at the bels, aflaulting Lifnegarvy (now Lisburn)
in Ire-
reflux, though thirty miles from the Sea. At land, in that grand maflacre 1641, wherein
this town, is a noted School, founded by Mr. thoufandsofProtettants w ere
mod cruelly mur- r

Waddington.^W^gw, and well endow'd ; and at Waddington, der'd.

Henry (fon of Francis) Layton Efquire,
upon the fame river, is a noble Hofpital for ten in purfuance of his father's Will, built
here,
poor Widows, and a Chaplain, founded by Mr, and endow'd with 20 /. per ann. a Chapel,
which
Robert Parker .1 was j confecrated by Archbifhop Dolbeti. In f May 4.
Are, riv. The river Are iffuing from the root of the the year 1664., were fummon'd out of a fmali 1(5 ?4.
Mountain Pennigent (which is the higheft in village in Craven, call'd Dent, two Pht1 ' Tranf *
perfons as
thefe parts,) at firft feeming doubtful whether
Witneflesin a Caufe at York-Affifes, the father 5^°"
it ihould run forwards into the Sea, or return
and the fon, the firil of whom wanted only
to its Spring, is fo winding and crooked, that half
a year of 140, and the fecond was above
in travelling this way, I had it to pafs over 100 years of age.
feven times in half an hour, upon a (trait road. From Carlton, a town in Craven, the Right
Its courfe is calm and quiet ; fo eafy that it Honourable Henry Boyle, third fon of
Charles
hardly appears to (low and I am of opinion Lord Clifford of Lanesborough, hath been crea-
:

that this has occaiion'd the name. For I have ted a Peer of this Realm by King George,
already obferv'd that the Britifh word am, fig- under the
title of Baron of Carlton ; a perfon
nifies flow and eafy : and hence that flow river of
great Honour and Abilities, and who hath
Ararit in Araris in France, takes
its name. That part been fucceflively Principal Secretary of State
Gaul.
of the Country where the head of this river lies, to their Majeities King
William and Queen
Craven. is call'd Craven, poflibly from the Britifh word Anne.1
Crage, a rock : for what with huge (tones, fteep

50. The
 ;

8 59 BRIG ANTES. Uo
T)ie Are having pafs'd Craven, is carry'd in a wick i the other to Thomas Wbrfeley
of Boothes.
much larger chanel with pleafant fields on both TAt Cookridge, on the way from llkley to Adle, Cookridge.
Ktgheley. fides, by Kigheky, rrom which the famous fa- have been dug-up ancient Roman Coins ; and phiI Tr anf. -

mily ot Kigbeley derive their name. One of upon the moor, not far from Adle-mill, in the. 316.
'
whom, Henry Kigheky f(incer'd here)] procured year 1702, were difcover'd the footfleps of a'Adle-mill.
from Edward thefirft, tor this his manour, the Roman Town. Among the Ruins, are many
Libera privilegesof a Market and Fair, and a free War- fragments of their Urns, and others of their
Warren a ren, jv ti-M acne might enter into thofe grounds to Plafticks, with the remains of a large aqusedud
chafe there, or with defign to catch any thing per- in ftones. At a little diftance, is a Roman
taining to the /aid Warren, -without the permiffion Camp, pretty intire, above four Chains broad
and leave oj the [aid Henry and his Succejfors. Which and five long, furrounded with a fingle
Vallum.
was a very confiderable favour in thofe days : Three monuments have been found there
'
; of
and I the rather take notice of it, becaufe it which, one is but a fragment, but has enough
teaches us the nature and meaning of a Free- remaining to difcoverit to have been Sepulchral:
Warren. The male-iifue in the right line of the other is evidently a Funeral-monument
this family ended in Henry Kigheky of Imkip, and the third, the head of a Statue, found fome
4 So fa id, within the memory of the fprefent age : the years before, with a large Iufcription, which
ann.1607. daughters
and heirs were marry 'd, one to Wil- pcrifh'd by the ignorance of the Labourers.
* Now, C, Ham Cavendijh * then Baron Cavendijh of Hard-

LVGlVPlENTjr
H S E
DM5 1

CADIEDI U

TVNA mi
PlArV,A,XM

Near Bramham-moor, have alfo been difcover'd relations as by the frowns of the world
I
fhould
ancient brafs Initruments.l unhappily be redue'd to poverty, bequeathing
From Kighky the river Are glides on ["by Bing an * annual Sum to be manag'd by four Tru-*
30 per a> 1,

ley, from which, Robert Benibn Efq; was crea- ifees, to put out the males to trades, and to
ted by Queen Anne Baron of Bingley ; and! by prefer the females in marriage. And as thefe
Kirkfiall. Kirkjlall, a Monaftery of good note, founded are inftances of his charity, fo in a Codicil
an-
about the year 1147. by Henry Lacy. And nex'd to his Will, there is a fair teftimony of
thence f(being made navigable thus far in the his find juftice and integrity. Whereas I here-
Leeds. year 16^8.)] by Leeds, in Saxon Loyber. tofore bought of Richard Falkingham
Efq; divers
which was made a Royal Village when Cambo- lands and tenements, part of which I endow'd the
dunum was burnt down by the enemy ; and now New Church withal, and part IJince fold to feve-
much inrich'd by the woollen manufacture. ral perfons for a good fum of money more than I pur-
PThe name of Leeds is poffibly taken from the chased the fame for ; I thought my felf bound to he-
Saxon Leoo, gens, natio ; implying it to have flow upon the eldefl fon e/ John Green, and the el-
been very populous in the Saxon times. Which deft fon of John Hamerton, who marry d the co-
town and parifh King Charles the firft, by heirs of the faid Richard Falkingham, the furplm
f Jul. £). t Letters Patents, incorporated under the go- of all fuch moneys as 1 Jold the lands for, over and
2. regn. vernment of one chief Alderman, nine Burgef- above what indeed they coft me together with a
,

fes, and twenty Amftants ;Sir John Savil, af- large addition thereunto the producl of the
:

terwards Baron Savil, being the firft Alderman, whole fum amounting to 1600 I. which, upon
and his Office executed by John Harrifon Efq; a ftrict eftimate of his whole eitate, appears to
a perfon to be particularly mentioned here, as be a full half. He was baptiz'd in St. Peter's
a moil noble benefactor, and a pattern to fuc- Church at Leeds, and was chief Alderman in Aug. 16.
* So h per an, ceeding ages. 1 .He founded and * endow'd an the year 1626, and again 1634 in which year '579*
,-

Hofpital for relief of indigent perfons of good the new Church of his own foundation was
converfation, and formerly induifxious ; with a ] confecrated by Richard Neile, then Archbifhop-r Sept. 21.
f 10I. per a». f Chapel, for a Mafter to read Prayers, and to of York. He dy'd at feventy-feven years of Oft. 29.
|| ||

inftrud them. 2. He built the Free-fchool (to age, and lies inter'd under an Altar-tomb of l6 5 6 -

16S9. which Godfrey Lawfon Efquire, Mayor of the black marble in the faid Church over which
;

Burrough of Leeds, added a Library) placed it is the well-painted effigies of this Benefactor (in
upon his own ground, and enclos'd it with a his fear let-gown,) the gift of the reverend Mr.
beautiful Wall. 3. He built a moil noble Henry Robinfon, the prefent Incumbent, who is
Church, dedicated to St. John the Evangelift, perhaps the fingle inffance of one that enjoys
II
80 1, per an. and II endow'd it; and provided a houfe for a Church both founded and endow'd by his
and 10/. per the Minifter. 4. He erefted a {lately Crofs own Uncle, and from whom there is a fair and
at. for Re-
fa ^ conveniency f the market. When his near profped of fome exemplary ads of publick
eftate was almoft exhaufted in ads of charity, piety.
he left the remainder for relief of fuch of his
By
 :

86 TORK SHIRE. WeB-RidinK .

862
By a fccond
Patent, bearing date 2. Nov. many more were
drown'd in the fight, than kih'd in
13 Car. i.tbegovernmait of LetHs was alter'd to a the And, methinks, our modern IVinmore
field.
Mayor, twelve Aldermen, and twenty-four Affi- and
Broad-Are agree very well with the old
rmants. This place was alfo honour'd by giving Wmwid-field and
the title of Duke, to the right honourable Tho- ry apt
Winwid-fiream And I am ve- :

to think, that even when the old Britifll

mas Lord Marquifs of Caermartheli ; to which name
reverted, it hence got that univerfal Epi-
dignity he was advane'd, for his perfonal me- thet of
broad, which is to this day
fo gene-
rits and eminent Services to the Crown,
in rally us'd, or rather incorporated
the into the
fixth year of King William and Queen very name of the River, that the common peo-
Mary and was fucceeded in thole titles by ple can fcarcc
;
pronounce the one without the
his fon and heir. other. And why (except from this memorable
Temple From Leeds, Are pafleth by Temple Newfome, Victory, which
was chiefly owing to the wa-
Newfome. of old a Commandery belonging to the Knights ter)
it fliould be Broad
Are, rather than Broad
Templars, the feat of the right honourable Rich Onje or
Calder, I cannot conceive.
Lord Ingram,
Vifcount Irwin, in the King- rather indue'd thus
And I am
to take
dom of Scotland."! P i6 appellatively,
both becaufe the place of battel is
call'd Wm-
In thefe parts, Ofmy the Northumbrian rout- more not
Winwidmore and becaufe piftruneam ,-

ed Peuda the Mercian, to tie great advantage. is lynonymous

to Bnaian x, i. c. Broadwater,
fays Bede, of both people fir it both fecur'd his which was fo nigh akin to the old
;
name, that
own nation from the inroads of the Pagans, and was nothing is
more eafy, than the change of Bnad
the occafion of converting the Mercians to the Chrijlian ea to Bpaft ape.l
Faith. The very fpot where this engagement T
? Country, fome
'1
for little way about
Winwidfield. was, goes by the name of Winwidfield in our „ ;
Winwidfield
.

aforefaid
was anciently call'd Elmet, v ,
Hiflorians I fuppofe, deriv'd from the vitlory II.
e. a grove of Elms
:

j 1 which Edwin King of

it felf; as when Qiiintilius Varm and his Le-
Northumberland, fon of Ella, brought under
gions were cut off in Weftphalia, the place of his own
dominion, by the conqueft of Ceretims
Action was call'd in High Dutch IVinfield (the a Britifll N;„„,„,
King, An. Dom. 620. f t Bede fays,+
field of Vitlory,) as the mod learned, and my moll that out
of the Fire which burnt the Royal
c ,„
4 T, ' ' '
'

worthy friend, Abraham Ortelius, has obferv'd. Villa

Donafild, one Altar was fav'd, being of
fit is at this day call'd IVinmore, and is four hone, and was kept in the
Monaftety of Abbot
miles from Leeds in the road to York : But
Thrythwulf, in the wood Elmete which Mona-
;
all the difficulty is, to find out the right
Win- ftery might poflibly be placed at * Berwick in *
wid fiuvium of Bede (in the Lovain edition mif- Elmet Vid InM.
Here, in Elmet, Lime-ftone is plenti-
I

printed Innet ; whence probably Speed's Innet, fully Lime-Bone,

dug-up they burn it at Bmherton and
:

Penes R. but a very old Manufcript has it Winwed, as Knottmgley

Thoresby. tnat alfo which
; and at certain feafons convey it in
Wheeleck us'd,) and the fin- great quantities,
for fale, to Wakefield, Smdall,
+ Mr. piorcneamofKing^rfjJ. for a \ very curious mdStandbridge
from thence it is fold into the
.-

Thoresby, Enquirer declares, that after many years fearch, weitcrn

parts of this County, which are natu-
Antiq. an d frequent traverfing the ground, he cannot rally cold
LeMs - and mountainous ; and herewith they
find or hear of either great or fmall Brook, that manure
and improve rhe foil. But leaving
carries a name any thing akin to
Winwed thefe things to the Husbandmen, let us re-
;

which he now concludes be to our river Are. turn.

And indeed, there is no
river befides, that The Calder above-mention'd, is at lad re-
feems to have the leaft probability of being it. ceiv'd by the
Are and near the Confluence ,-

Wlxrf cannot pretend to it, becaufe the Mer- hands the little village
Cafi/efird, but call'd by Cafllefbrd.
cians, upon their defeat, would certainly flee Mananus
Cafierford; who tells us, that the Ci-
homewards. Calder is too remote from the place tizens of
York flew great numbers of Ethel-
of Battel, which was in regione Loidu. All
the red s army there, puriuing them in
difficulty (for the Inclofures between
a diforderly
the pre- flight ; at the time when he infefted
this Coun-
fent IVinmore and Leeds may well
enough be try, for their treachery and breach of Leagues.
concluded of a modern {landing, and
confe- Yet the older name of this place is that in An-
quently the old Winwid-field, the nigher Are)
is, toninus, where it is call'd Legeolmm and Lage-
the different names ; and yet the matter
may L .„„i
6 !um
tium, which, among other plain and remarka-
be thus folv'd That the Chriftian Saxons, in
;
ble remains of antiquity, is confirm'd by thofe
memory of fo fignal a deliverance from their great numbers of Coins (call'd by the
Pagan Enemies, who threatcn'd the extirpation common
people
Sarafins-heads) dug-up here in
of their whole race, might endeavour to change Beanfield,
a place near the Church, and fo call'd from
the Brmih Are into the Saxon
fmpio ; and the beans growing there Alfo, by the diftance
Bede, who was a Northern man, and wrote his of it from Damim :

and Eboracum on each fide

Hiftory prefently after, might accordingly
cele- not to mention its fituation by
a Roman way ;
brate it under that name, though in a few ages nor
that Hoveden exprefsly calls it a City. [Tho-
the old name feems to have reverted.
Now mcu de Cafileford, a BenediSine, who flourifli'd
that Britifll names fometimes gave
place to Sa- Anno 1325, wrote the
xon, Somner himfelf admits, in his Hiftory of Pontfraft, FolI „. s
Treatife of trom Ask a Saxon, firft owner thereof,
the Roman Ports, where he concludes to the Worthies.
Sandwich Laaes ; from whom that large Lordfhip
to have let go its Britifll Rutupium, des-
for the cended to the Earls of Lallcafter.
Saxon Lunoen-pic : and Limene and Not far from
Rother he hence is Ledflon-hall, formerly the feat
pofitively aflerts to be different oftheLedilon-h.il.
names of the ancient family of the Withams, but late of
fame Romney-water. As to the Etymon, I fanfy Sir
John Lewis Baronet, who having got a vail cftate
it to be from p,n vidory
and pis broad, as is during his nine years faflorfliip
for the Eaft-
obferv d before ; and fo it had need
have been India Company (much augmented
for fo vaft an army, where thirty by the Jew-
cyne-beanna, els prefented him by the King of Perfia, who
Captains of the Blood Royal, with
their forces! much delighted in his company)
were flain on one fide, or rather drown'd dy'd here
in without iffue-male, in the year itlji
the p,npi6rcpeam ; for Bede puts ||. He||Auz, 4 '
the accent ereded a curious Hofpital, and endow'd it* i
upon that, /. 3. c. 4. That the river Winwid, t t «,ft
ha- for the maintenance often aged poor people, 400;.
ving overflow'dthe banks, by
reafon ofexceffive rains who by his Will are requir'd
religioufly to ob- + 6o '-l" ""•
ferve
863 BRIG ANTES. 864
ferve the Sabbath-day, and to be
prefent at Below the Church and a water-mill (call'd
there a level ground nam'd the
Church in time of Divine-Service and Sermon. ongate-mili) is

At prefent, Ledflon-hall is the feat of the La- from PomefraB to

Wafb, the road Knottingley,

dy Elizabeth Hafimgs, daughter of Theophilus and the direcleft way from Doncafler to Caftle-
Earl of Huntington, by the eldefl daughter
and ford. By this Walh, the current of waters,
coheir of Sir John Lewis which faid Elizabeth flowing from the (brings above and fupplying
:

hath two mills, paffes into the river at Knottingley.

(a true pattern of Piety and Charity)
greatly improv'd and adorn'd this Seat.]
But it retains not that name above a large
The liver Are, now enlarg'd by the conflu- bow-fhot, being terminated by a
place call'd
left, Bubwith-houfes, where, by an Inquilition taken in
Brothertcm ence of the Calder, leaves Brotherton on the
* His where * Margaret wife of King Edward the firft the reign of Edward 2, it appears that fflne John
fe-
(he was hunting, and was brought Bubwith held the eighteenth part of a
Knight's
cond wife. took up as
foil Thomas, (irnam'd de Bnthertm
fee juxta veteran pontem de PontefraSi, i. e. near
to bed of her
from this place, who was afterwards Earl oi the old bridge of Pontefract. Which muff, have
as will be made more
Norfolk, and Marfhal of England. THe was been over this Wafl) ;

+ June .. born having his Chriflian probable, if we conlider that even now upon
in the year \ 1300.
St. Thomas of Canterbury, whom
any violent rains, or the melting of flow, it
name from
is fo overflow'd as to be fcarce pallable ; and
his mother in her extremity pray'd to for eafe.
that formerly, before the conveyance of the
Not far from the Chutch, is a place of twenty
a wallwaters into chanels to ferve the mills, and the
acres, furrounded with a trench and
dreins made from hence to Knottingley, the paf-
where (as tradition faith) flood the Houfe
lr

fage muft have been much more difficult, and by

which Queen Margaret was delivered; and the
their confequence did the rather require a bridge. So
Tenants are oblig'd by the tenure of
of then, from the probability ot a bridge over this
Lands, to keep it furrounded with a wall
river Waft), and the Record making the Pons de Ponte-
done.] Somewhat below this town, the
the Dan, and then runs into jracl to be near Bubwith-houfes hard by, and there
Are is joyn'd by
the river Oufe. On the righr, there is found a appearing no neceffity of a bridge in any other
once part of the town it follows, that the bridge
A yellow yellow marie of fitch virtue, that the fields
;

muft have been here. And

Marie. manur'd with it prove fruitful many years after. which was broken,
being, no doubt, very conli-
And not far from the banks of the river, is the occafion of it
(or, Broken-bridge) commonly call d derable, it was natural enough for the Norman
Pontfiall
Pontfrelt. Pontfreit, which arofe
out of the ruins of Legeo- Lords (who knew what numbers of places took
this their name from Bridges in their own country)
lium. In the Saxon times, the name of
town was which was changed by the to lay hold on this opportunity of changing
Kirkby,
becaufe of a broken bridge the name ; efpecially when that former one of
Normans into Pontfrait,
that here was a wooden Kirkby, upon the building of more Churches
T. de Caflle- there. The ftory is,
round it, grew lefs emphatical, and lefs diftin-
ford. bridge over this river, when William Archbi-
fhop of York, who was filler's fon to
King guifhing. And fo much for the occafion of the
he name.]
Stephen, return'd from Rome ; and that
was welcom'd here with fuch a crowd of peo- The town is fweetly fituated, and is remarka-
fell into ble for producing Liquorifth and Skirworts in great
ple, that the bridge broke, and many
and plenty the buddings are neat, and fecur'd by
the river ; but that the Archbifhop wept
:

S. GulielrHus
pray'd fo fervently, that not one of them
was a caftle which is very (lately, and ftrongly
Eboraceffts.
TBut this account is inconfiftent with the founded
upon a rock ; and not only fortify 'd,
loft.
of but alio beautify'd, with many outworks. It
Records of the place, efpecially in point
Norman, towhomLaey.
time. At firft, as hath been faid, it was call'd was built by Hildebert Lacy a
Kirkby ; for in the Charter made by
Robert de William the Conqueror gave this town, and
of Hildebert, to the Monks of St. the grounds about it, after he had difpoffefs'd
Lacy, fon
Africa Saxon; r though fome queftion, whether Monad,
Monaft. John the Evangelift, they are ftil'd De domain
the Caftle was firft built by Alric the Saxon, Angl. vol. 2.
juo de Kirkby ; and this, he fays, he did by
ad-
Angl. vol. 1

vice of T. Archbifhop of York. Yet the fame or by Hildebert. In the hiftory of the Lades
the indeed, the latter is faid to have caus'd a Cha-
Robert by another Charter (to which are
of pel to be erected in the Caftle of Pontfracf,
fame witnefles, except that T. Archbifhop
York is added) confirms other Lands and Chur- which he had built. But fince it's being demo-
ches Deo &
S. Johanni Monachis meU de Ponte- lifh'd of late years (among feveral others through-
& obferv'd that the round-tower
jraB. By this account, it is plain, that in the out England) it is
a rais'd hill of very hard (tiff clay :
time of T. Archbifhop of York, it had both the flood upon
names of Kirkby and PomefraB. Now this which looks as if it had been of thofe fort of
that the Saxons call'd Keeps ; and
T. could be no other than the firft Thomas, fortifications
fortification of earth, be built
who came to the Archbifhoprick about th might, from a
eighth of the Conqueror, and continu'd in it cf (lone
by the faid Hildebert?* But Henry Lacy
(as the Pleadings of thofe times tell^. Nlfls ,
till about the beginning of Henry the firft f his nephew
and foon dy'd. For us) being in the battel of Trenchbrey againft Henry Placit.
whom he crown'd, after
jnHen. 3
the firft, was dijjeis'd of his Barony of Pontfracl
.

Robert, who granted thefe Charters, was ba-

the honour to Wido de
nifh'd in the 6th of Henry the firft, for being and then the King gave
at the battel of Tenercebray,on behalf of Robert la Val, who held it till King Stephen's time, when
Duke of Normandy againft King Henry, and Henry de Lacy re-enter dupon the faid Barony and, ;

Kings interceftton, the difference was adjufted

dy'd the year after ; which was before any by the
with Widofcr f,ol. This Henry had a fon Ro- Lib. Monaft,
other Archbifhop fucceeded in that See,
whofc name the initial T. will agree. Thomas bert,
who dy'd without iflue, leaving Albreda de Stanlcw.
his fifler by the mother's fide, his heir ; for
the fecond indeed came prefently after (Anno Lifeurs,
nearly related to him : fo
1 109.) but this St. William
(to whom the Mi- there was no one elfe fo
that by the deceafe of Robert, both the Eftates, that
racle is attributed) was not poffefs'd of it be-
From which it is evident, that of the Lacies by her brother, and
that of the Lifours
fore 1 153.
her father, defended to her. This is word for
the town was call'd PomefraB at leaft fifty-two by
out of the Regifler of Stanlow Monaflery.
years before the miracle ; and how much long- word
er, we know not. She was marry'd to Richard Ftec-Euftach Con-
(lable
 1

865 TORKSHIRE. Weft-Riding. 866

{table of Chefter, whole pofterity took the name the bounty ot the Vavafors. ("This Town has
ot Lacy, and were honoured with the Earldom a pleafant prpfpeS ; the two Cathedrals of
York
ot Lincoln. The daughter of the kit Lacy of and Lincoln, iixty miles afunder, may thence be
* Formula this family convey 'd that fair inheritance * by difcover'd ; and Tonfial Biihop of
Durham af-
tranfcriptio- Deed to the Earls of Lancaster; who firm'd to King Henry the eighth (when he Ann.
a ftiurt
"* 1548,
enlarg'd the Caflle very much : it was after- made his progrefs to York,)
that the Country
wards
repaired, at great expence, by Queen within ten
miles, was the richeft valley that
Elizabeth, who began a fine Chapel here. This ever he found in all his travels through
Europe;
CafUe has been fatal to great men it was firft there being one hundred fixty five manour-
:

Thomas Earlftaiu'd with the blood of Thomas Earl of Lan- houfes of Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen of
ofLancafter. cafler, who held it in right of his wife, and the belt quality, two hundred feventy five
was the firft of this family that poffefs'd it. He feveral Woods (whereof i'ome contain five hun-
was juflly beheaded here by King Edward the dred acres) thirty two Parks, and two Chafes
fecond, who hop'd, by that example, to free of deer ; one hundred and twenty rivers and
himfelf from future Rebellions and Affronts : brooks, whereof fe ven are navigable, well-flor'd
however, he was afterwards Sainted by the peo- with Salmon and other Fifh, feventy fix wa-
ple. Here alfo King Richard the fecond (de- ter-mills for Corn, twenty five cole-mines
;
pos'd by Henry the fourth) was barbaroully three forges for making of Iron, and ftone
destroy cl with hunger, cold, and other unheard- enough tor the fame ; within thofe limits alfo
of torments. Here, Anthony Earl Rivers, Un- much fport and pleafure for hunting, hawk-
cle to Edward the fifth, and Sir Richard Grey ing, fifhing, and fowling, as in any part of
Knight, brother by the mother's-fide to the England.
faid King Edward, were both put to death From Aberford the Cock runs fomewhat flowly
(notwithstanding their innocence) by King Ri- to the
river Wherf, as if it were melancholy,
chard the third. For this tyrant was jealous, and detefted Civil wars, ever fince it flowed
that men of fuch fpirits and honour as thefe with the Englifli blood formerly fhed here.
were, might check his defigns of tyranny and For upon the very bank of this river, not far
ambition. As for the Abbey founded here by trom Tovjton, a fmall country Village, was the^ >„„i„^
r i-n. Pharjalia.
f } „ Towton- bat-
the Lacks, and the Hofpital by the bounty of true Lnghp n; tt
Here was the greateu te l.
1

R. Knollts, I induftrioufly omit them, becaufe Engagement ot Nobility and Gentry, and the
f So faid, \ now the very ruins of them are hardly to be itrongeft Army that ever was feen in England;
ann. 1607.
feen .
no fewer than an hundred thoufand figuring
Shirborn, From Legeolium we pafs by Shirborn, a popu- Men ; who under the conduct of two curing
lous fmall town (which takes the name from and furious Generals, engaged here upon Palm-
the clearness of the little river there, and was Sunday, in the year 146 1. The Victory con-
given by Athelftan to the Archbifhops of York, tinued doubtful tor a long time ; but at laffc
lit is now chiefly famous for the benefaction of the Lancastrians proved the weakeft,
by their
Robert Hungate Efquire, a molt zealous Prote- being too flrong. For their numbers proved
stant, who by Will ordain'd the erection of an cumberfome and unweildy ;which firft caufed
Hofpital and School, with convenient Lodgings, diforder, and then flight. The York-party
&c. for twenty-four Orphans, who have each gave the chafe briskly ;which, together with
5 /. per am. allow'd for their maintenance there the fight, was fo bloody, that no lefs than
from feveii to fifteen years of age, and then : thirty five thoufand Engliih were cut. off, and
provision for binding them Apprentices, or fend- amongft them a great many of the Nobility.
ing them to the University. This, with the Somewhat below this place, near Shirbum, at
+30 1, per an. Salaries of the [Matter (who is alfo to cate- a Village call'd Huddleflon, there is a noble ... .
20 Marks. cn j ze them,) and of the Ufher, „,and of '
II

* 20 Marks.
f| Quarry ; out of which when the Stones are
man all[i hj s -y^fe h &K to make fu { Ca bi e firft cut, they are very fofc ; but by being in JJ
w s [0 ne.
quarry.
provisions of meat and apparel for the Orphans, the air, they prefently confolidate and har-
and marks per ann. for four poor fcholars den.
forty
in St. Johns College Cambridge, &c. amounts Out of the foot of Craven-hills., fprings the
in all to 250/. per ann.'] river Wherf or Wharf, in Saxon Guepp, the Whcrf, rir.
From Shirborn, we travel upon a Roman courfe of which, tor a long way, keeps at an
Abcrford. way, very high rais'd, to Aberford, a little town equal diftance from the Are. If one fhould de-
fituated hard by that way, and famous for its rive the name of it from
a Britifh word Guer,
art of pin-making; the Pins made here being in jwjtj the nature of the river would favour him
;
particular requeft among the Ladies. Under for it's courfe is fwift and violent, fretful and
the town lies the courfe of the river Cock (or angry, as it were, at thofe ftones which
ob-
as it is in Books Cokarus ) between which and &XVl6l it's paflage
; ; and it rolls them along in a
the town, the foundation of an old Caflk very furpriiing manner, efpecially when it is
Cary-caMe. (which they call Cajlle-Cary) is Mill viable, fwell'd by the winter rains. However, it is
Scarce two miles from hence, where the Cock dangerous and rapid even
in the fummer-time;
Berwick in fprings, Hands Berwick in Elmet, which is faid as I am fenfible by experience,
who in my firft
Elmct. to have been the royal feat of the Kings of Nor- travels this way run no
fmall risk in palling it.
thumberland It has been wajkd round, as the For it has fuch flippery ftones, that
:
a horfe's
remaining rubbifh fhews. Q»the
other fidt toot cannot fix on them ; or elfe the current it
Heflelwood. (lands HeJfeH-uood, the chief WKi
that famous felf is fo flrong, that it drives them from under
and very ancient family the Vavafors, who have his feet. Though the whole courfe of it belong
their nam* from their Office (being formerly (no lefs than fifty miles, computing from the
Valvafors or the King's Vahafors,) and towards the end of firft rife to its joyning the Oufe) yet there are
,Vavafors. Edward the Aril's reign, we find by the Writs no considerable Towns upon it. It runs down
of thofe times, that William Vavafor was fum- by Kilnefey-Cragge (the higheft and the
deepest Kilnefey-
mon'd to Parliament among the other Barons
that I ever faw,) to Burn/all, where Sir William Crugge.
of this Kingdom. Under the town is the re- Craven, Alderman of London, was born, andBumfdll.
Pctres-Polt. markable Quarry, call'd Petres-Poft, becaufe the * built a ftone bridge as, out of a pious con-
;
ftately Church at York dedicated to St. 0Vt
Peter, cern for the good of his native Country, he * ^,V.
was built with the {tones hew'd out here, by founded and endowed a Free-School hard by.
f c
."i _["?* c
 ;

867 BRIG ANTES. 868

fHe built alfo a Church there, and encompafs'd The original Altar above-mention'd, is re-
* 600 ;. it with a Wall at great
* expence. He built mov'd to Stubham : the new one erected atStubhamj
+ One. 500/. in all t fourEridges and a HCaufeway. He gave sy, had this Infcription added upon the Re-
another 250/.
onethoufand Founds to Ch rift's Hofpkal in verfe :
200 J.
London, and the Royalties of Creek, with the
||

perpetual donation of the Parlonage to St. GVILM: MIDLETON

John's College in Oxford.
was
William, his eldeft
ARM; ME: FECIT AD
Son, much affecting Military DifcipHne,
fent to the wars ot Germany under Guftavus
IMAGINEM ANTI
Adolphus, the famous King of Sweden, and af-
QVISS : LAPIDIS HIC
ter into the Netherlands under Henry Prince of REPERTI 1608.I
* See before, Orange, by King Charles the firft *T| Then
at Craven. the Wherf runs to Barden-towre, a little tower In the Walls of the Church there
Barden-
is this im-
belonging to the f Earls of Cumberland, noted
towre, perle& Infcription.
for the good hunting thereabouts : and fo to
J-
So faid.
arm. 1607- Bolton, where flood formerly a little
Monafte-
Bolton. ry ; fand now is a Free-School, the noble f Be-
+ To nefaction of the Honourable Robert Boyle,'] and
the va- RVM CAES.
lue of 1 1 00/.
Bethmefley
to Bethmefley, the feat of the famous family of AVG.
Claphams, of which was J. Clapham, an eminent ANTONINI
Soldier in the Wars between York and Lanca- ET VERI
fter. Hence panes by Ilekely, which I imagu
it
Ilekely,
JOVI DILECTI
Olicana. to be the Olicana in Ptolemy, both from its fi-
tuation in refpecf of York, and the refemblance
CAECILIVS
of the two names. It is, without queftion, an PRAEF. COH.
ancient Town for (not to mention thofe en-
;

grav'd Roman Pillars, lying now in theChurch- I found nothing in my fearch up and dowri
yard and elfewhere,).it was rebuilt in Severus's the Church for pieces of Roman Antiquity,
HMention'd
time by Virim Lupus, Legate and Propraetor
|| but the Portraicture of Sir Adam Middleton,
by Ulpian. of Britain, as we are informed by an Infcripti- armed and cut out in ftone, who fcems to have
lib. 2. de Vul- on lately dug-up near the Church. lived in Edward the firft's reign. His pofterity
vari C? Pupil-
remain ftill in the neighbourhood, at a place
larifubflitu-
called Stubham.
1M. SEVER VS.
tione.
f At fome diftance from hence is Bramhope, B ram h pc.
AVG. ET ANTON1NVS the Seat of the ancient family of the Dinelys i
CAES.DESTINATVS of which, Robert Dhiely Efq; (deceased not ma-
REST1TVERVNT, CV- ny years fince in a good old age, having {een
four generations of moft of the neighbouring
RANTE VIRIO LVPO. Nobility and Gentry) ere&ed a Chapel, with
'legate. * LEG. EORVM || PR. PR.
a competent endowment.")
Fro Pratore,
Somewhat lower ftands Otley, which belongs Otley.
|(

to the Archbifhops of York ; memorable for

That the f fecond Cohort of the Lindanes
\ Firft. nothing but its fituation under a huge craggy
quartered here, is likewife attefted by an old Al-
Clirt' called Chevin. For the ridge of a mountain
tar which I have feen there, now put under a
is in Britifh Chevin; and fb, that long ridge of Chevin, what
iPrxfeft. pair of flairs, and inferibed by the * Captain
Mountains in France (where they formerly us'd ie fignifies.
of the fecond Cohort of the Lingones, to Verbeia
the fame language with our Britains) is called
perhaps (he was the Nymph or Goddefs of the
Gevenna and Gehenna. From hence, the river Gevenna.
Wiierf (the river,) and call'd Verbeia, I fuppofe,
Bows, in a chanel bank'd on both fides with
from the likenefs of the two words.
Lime-flow, by Harewood, w here ftands a toIe-Harewood,
h

rably neat and ftrong Caftle, which has had

Verbeia jl. vel
VERBEIAE SACRVM t fucceffively
a variety of Mailers. It was
^ Pr0 ^
Nympba. CLODIVS FRONTO formerly the Curcies, but paffed from them, with r um vki^ftit .
PR^EF. COH. f II LINGON. Alice the heirefs of that family, to Warren Fitz,- tudine.
fP. * Iac£- » J°-.
Gerold, who married her, and had i flue Mar-
For Rivers, fays Gildas, in that age had divine gery; who being one of his heirs, and a
great j^'^
JJ^j^
honours paid them by the ignorant Britains. And fortune, was firft married to Baldwin de Ripa-\ e droit. 35
EpEft. 4' Seneca tells us of Altars dedicated to them riis, fon to the Earl of Devonshire, who died Ed. 1,
We wvrflnp the heads of great rivers, and tue raife before his father ; and then, by the favour of
Brent, for his great
altars to their firfl Springs. And Servius fays, that King John, to Falcatius de
every river had it's Nymph it.fBut it Tervice * in pillaging.
prefiding over
Afterwards, Jfabel^ de t jnDh ^ tl ^
feems rather to have been the firft Cohort, the RipariU, Countefs of Devonfhire, dying with-*«A«,
fr, D n l„:- f A a
laft line of that Infcription being not. II LIN- out iflue, -U;„
this r^ft-Tc
Caftle £.11 T ,'/?„
fell to Robert de Lifle, the
rhp.
Lordj de In.
GON. but P. LINGON. in the original, as fon of Warren, as a relation, and one ot her /*/*, or lifts.
appears from Mr. John Thoresby's Papers late of heirs. At lai^by thofe of Aldborough, it came'
Leeds, an eminent Antiquary, who accurately to the RhherWLs I learn'd from Fr. Tbimi, who
tranferib'd ir, being very critical in his Obfer- diligence * has been * So fai<3,
with great judgment and
Vations upon Infcriptions and original Coins, enquiring into the Antiquities of thisann'i6°7*
long
of which he had a valuable Collection Befides :
[This Caftle was redue'd to a ske-
Kingdom.
his own, he purchas'd thofe of the Reverend in the late Civil-wars.
leton In the Church
Mr. Stonehoufe, and the Right Honourable Tho- are feveral curious Monuments of the owners
mas Lord Fairfax. This Mufieum is very much of it, and the Gafcoyns ; of whom the famous
improv'd, and ftill growing, by the curiolity Judge, Sir William Gafcoyne, is the moft me-
and induflry of Mr. Ralph 1'horesby, an excel- morable, for committing the Prince (afterwards
lent Antiquary, who has obliged the Publick King Henry the fifth,) prifoner to the KingV
with the Particulars contained in it, in his Bench, till his Father's pleafure was known ;
late curious Hiftory of Leeds. who being informal of it, gave God thanks,
for
 ; :

869 TORKSHIRE. Weft-Riding. 8 70

for having given him, at the fame inftant, a 1

or" Bede call Hem
and Hegu, but others more
her
judge who could adminifter, and a Son who truly Begu and Bega being rhe | S. Bega from $ Monaft.
;

could obey, juftice. He was made Judge in Ireland, who built her firft Monaftery at St. Atl §- P- 39r
. the year 1401, and dy'd in f 1412, as appears Bege's in Cornwall ; her fecond at Heruty or
Dec
by their Pedigree curioufly drawn by that ac- Hartlepool and her third, here. But this by
;

complifh'd Antiquary Mr. Richard Gafcoyne ; the way.)! Again, here is, by the Town, a
hill called Kelcbar, which ft ill retains fomething
and it is the rather mention'd here, becaufe
molt Hiftories are either deficient, or miftaken of the old name. The other proofs of Anti-
therein. This great Manour of Harewood, has quity (not to mention its fituation near a Ro-
eight or nine dependant Conftabularies, where- man Confular way,) are the many Coins of the
in are many Antiquities ; and the prefent ge- Roman Emperours dug-up here, the marks of a
trench quite round the Town, and the plat-
'jobnBwltcr, nerous and charitable *Lord
thereof hath been
Htq;. a considerable Benefactor to the Church
and form of an old Caftlc ; out of the ruins of
Poor.! Nor mult I forget to rake notice of a which, a bridge was made over the Wherf
place hard by, called Gawthorp, remarkable for not many years ago, TBut there are others,
Gawthorp.
that ancient, virtuous and warlike family the who place the Roman Caharia at Newton- Kyme,
^ r •
Gafcoivns, fuiil now mention'd,! and defended in the Water-fields, near St. Helens-ford; for ma-
very probably from Gafcoigne in trance. 1 his 1 ny Roman Coins have been plowed-up there,
place, called Gawtborp-haU, hath been late- particularly of Confimtius, Helena, and Conftan-
prefent own- tine ; alfo, an Urn or Box of Alabafter, with
ly raifed out of it's Ruins by the
er, the Lord of the Manour oi Harewood
bc- only allies in it; melted Lead and Rings; one
fore-mention'd, and from a place only venerable of which had a Key of the fame piece joined
fur it's Antiquity, hath made it a moil plea- With it. And as the Coyns, fo the Roman
and delightful Seat.l High-way makes for this Opinion. For it
Hence, the courfe of the river Wlwf is by goes directly to Roadgaw, and erodes the river
Wetberby, a noted trading Town, which has Wharjs at St. Helensjord, fo calfd from Helena
Wctherby,
no remains of Antiquity, but only a place be- mother of Conftantme the Great ; (unlefs we
Helensford.
low it called Helensjord, where a Roman mili- fhduld fay, with Dr. Gale, that it is a con-
tary way lay through the river. [Thence traction of Nehaknns-ford ; the Goddefs iVe-

Wighill.
Wherf pafleth by WighiU, the Seat of an anci- hahnnia being the Patronefs of the Chalk-work-
ent family of the Stapletons ; of which, Sir ers ) Alfo, the paflage from that to York, is
:

Robert being Sheriff 23 Elix,. met the Judges firmer ground by much than that from Tad-
with fevenfeore men in fuitable Liveries. For cafter ; which would hardly be palfable, were
a Perfon well fpoken, comely, and skill'd in it not for the Caufey made over the Common,
the Languages, he is faid to have had fcarce between Tadcajler and Bilburgh. Now, this
an equal (except Sir Philip Sidney,) and no fu- Ford dividing the Roman Agger, gives juft rea-
periour, in England. Not far from it is He- fon to expect a Roman City or Station, rather
Hclaagh-ma- Nor ought it
laugh _ mamury -which belonged to the honoura- near this, than any other place.
ble and ancient family of the Whartom ; in the to be objected, that there is at prefent no paf-
Church whereof is the Monument of Sir "Tho- fage for it had formerly a bridge of wood,
:

men Wharton, Lord Warden of the Weft-march- the fills whereof yet remain ; but when that
es, who gave fo great a defeat to the Scots
at was broken down, and the Wharf was not
Nov. 24. Sokmn-mofs, An. 1542, that their King, James fordable, they found a way by Wetberby. Nor
the fifth, foon after dy'd of grief. With three is there any thing faid in favour of 'Tadcafter,
hundred men, he not only defeated their Ar- but what is equally, it not more, applicable to
* Herbert. my, but toqk * above a thoufand prifoners, Newton-Kyme. The diftance holds more exactly;
Hen. 8. for which good fervice he received ieveral marks the hill call'd Kelc-bar is at Smawe, which is
of honour.! nearer Newton than Tadcafter ; and as to Hei-

Tadcafter
Then Wherf pafleth by Tadcafier, a very na, who remov'd to Caha-cefter, it is poffible
fmall Town ; which yet I cannot but think enough there might in thofe early times be a
Calcaru. was the fame with Caharia, both from the di- Religious Houfe confecrated to the memory of
flance, the name, and the nature of the foil the pious Helena, about St. Helens-ford. At Cal-
efpecially, fince it is agreeable to the opinion caria liv'd alfo Adaman (who was afterward
of Mr. Robert Mavjhal of Bickerton, a perfon of Abbot of Hue, or Huenfis, and dy'd Otlob. 23.
excellent judgment. For it is juft nine Italian An. 704.) of whofe name there feem to be
miles from York, which is the diftance in An- (bme remains, in that place at Newton-Kyme
toninus. And Limejione (which is the main in- call'd Adaman-grove. The prefent name (which
gredient in mortar) is hardly to be found all carries in it fomething new and modern) ought
about, but plentifully here ; from whence it is not to be any prejudice to it. For fince it is
convey 'd to York, and all the Country round, back'd with fuch infallible proofs of Antiqui-
for building. This Limejione was call'd by the ty ; this conclufion is very natural that it
Britahis, the Saxons, and the Northern Eng- was call'd New-town, when new buildings be-
c
lish, after the manner of the Latins, Cak ( For gan to be erected upon the foundations of the
*
that imperious City not only impos'd her old town. But, of thefe two Opinions, the
1
Laws upon thofe fhe had fubdu'd, but her Reader is left to chufe which he pleafes.! Not
Calcaneus
* Language too ) and Calcarienfes in the Thetr tar from the foremention'd bridge, the Wherf
;

De Decurio-' dofwn Code is ufed to denote them who burnt glides gently into the Oitfe. And really, con-
nibus, 1. 27. this Limeftone : from whence one may, not im- fidering the many currents that fall into it, this
Roman Lan- ro bably, infer, that this Town had the name fo fhallow and eafie ftream under the Bridge,
p
JtoSiJ?,. Caharia, from Limeftone; like the City CbalcU is very ftrange, and might well give occafion td
Auguftin.'l.Q.from xpwtifc brafs ; Amman from &m*& fond what a certain Gentleman, who palled it in the
is Civil. Dei. Pteleon from Auu^ elms ; and perhaps the city Summer-time, faid of it

Caharia in Give from the word Calx. Efpeci-

ally, confidering that Bede calls it Calca-cejler Nil Tadcafter hakt Mujts vel carmine
x^eaxf of
who tells us farther, that He'ma, the firft wo- dignum ^
Tt £tlcs.
man of this Country that turned Nun, came Prater magnifies firucium fine fiumine
to this City, and lived in it. [(Some Copies pontem.

Nothing
87 i BRIG ANTES. 8 7i
Phylician, reports, that they make bridges ofWittie, ibid,
Nothing mTadcajler deferves a name, it to pafs into their gardens over the rivulet ?• 5 2 -

But the fair Bridge that's built without a that comes from it for by placing timber, and
:

flream. then pumping up the water upon it, they have

a compleat Hone-bridge in 24 hours. Nor
But if he had traveled this way in winter, mull St. Robert's Chapel be forgot, being a St. Robert's
he would have thought the bridge little enough Cell hewn out of an entire Rock, part whereof Chapel,
for the river. For ( as Natural Philofophers is form'd into an Altar which yet remains, and

know very well ) the quantity of water in three heads, which (according to the devotion
fprings and rivers ever depends upon the inward of that age) might be defign'd for the Holy
or outward heat and cold. Trinity. The faid Robert, Founder of the Or-
THere, at Tadcafler, Dr. Owen Oglethorp (a der of the Robertines; was the fon of one Flow-
native of Newton- Kime) Eifhop of Carlifle, who er, who was twice Mayor of York ; * where he * Legend of

crown'd Queen Elizabeth (the See of Canter-
bury being then void, and York re'fufing it,)
* 40 1. per founded, and * endowed a Free-fchool, as alfo
«s».
an Hofpital for twelve poor people with a fui-
Bramham- table Revenue. Near Tadcajler is Bramham-
moor.
moor, where, at Bramham-Park, the Lord Bing-
ley hath built a lately Houfe.l
Nid riv. Somewhat higher, the river Nid, iffui'ngfrom
the bottom of Craven-bilk, is carried in a mud-
Nidherdale. dy chanel by Nidherdale, a valley fo call'd from
it and thence, under the cover of woods on
; beys, who were made Rangers of this Forefl
Ripley. both fides, by Ripley, a Market-Town, where
the family or the Inglebeys have flourifh'd with
great Antiquity and Reputation. fThis was
the birth-place of Sir George Ripley, famous for
his fludy alter after the Philofopber's Stone
whom we are the rather to mention, becaufe
he hath been fallly plac'd at Ripley in Surrey.l
Then it goes on to Gnaresburgh, commonly
was born, and forfaking his fair Lands, betook t,)elife ani*
"* of
death
himfelf to a folitary life among the Rocks here, ? S.
Robert. '
where he dy'd about the year 1216.I
In the adjacent fields, Liquoriflj grows plen-
tifully, and they find a yellow fort marl, which
proves an excellent rich manure. The office of
Ranger of the Forefl here, belong'd formerly
to one Gamellus, whofe pofierity took the name
of Screven, from Screven the place of their ha-
bitation. From them are descended the o/^.,- Slingsbey,
by King Edward the firft, and live here to this
day in a very flourifhing condition. fOfthis
family was the Loyal Sir Henry S/ingesby, who
was beheaded for his Fidelity to King Charles
; the fecond. Upon the Forefl, was lately foui.d
| Medal, inferib'd, JO.
a large flately KEN-UnMr.TJs.
DAL. RHODI TVRCVPELLLRIVS. Mm^Mufe.
TEMPORE OBSLDIONIS TVRCHO- um -

Knarsborrow- Knarsborrow, a Caflle fituated upon a craggy RVM. MCCCCLXXX. *. Which is the
Caltle.
rock (from whence it took its name) and fur- more remarkable, becaufe it exprelfeth the pre-
rounded by that deep river. It is faid to have fence of our Country-man Kendall ( with his
been built by Serlo de Burgh, uncle by the image and arms) in that famous fiege of Rhodes,
father's fide to Enftace Vejcy ; afterwards, it when the great Mahomet was worfled.
came to be the Seat of the Eflotevilles ; and now Eafl from Knaresbrough Hands Ribfton-hall, the Riblton-halk
belongs to the Dutchy of Lancafler.
it Un- pleafant Seat of the Goodricks ; of whom, Sir
der it, there is a fountain, which does not iflue Henry was Ambafladour from King Charles the
from the bowels of the Earth, but diftills, in fecond to the King of Spain, and alfo Privy-
drops, from the rocks hanging over it, and fo Councellor, and Lieutenant of the Ordnance of
Dropping- l $ call'd Dropping-Well : if a piece of wood be the Tower of London ; and dying without
well. put in it, it is in a little time crufted over with iflue, was fucceeded by his Nephew, of both
AFountain a ftony fubflance, and by degrees turned into his names. At Copgrave, to the north, is aCopgrave;

verts wood
a ° ne rThe CafUe ls " 0W aemolifil' d ; [o that
' memorable Epitaph of John Wincupp Reclor
c * s chiefly famous for four medicinal Springs thereof for 54 years, pious, charitable and
into Stone. >
nigh unto it ; and poflibly England cannot pro- peaceable, never fu'd any, nor was fu'd, liv'd
duce a place, that may truly boafl of four, fo 52 years with his wife, had fix children and a
near in fituation, and yet of very different numerous family (boarding and teaching many
operations. 1. The Siveet-Spaw or Vitrioline-weU, of the Gentry) out of which not one dy'd in
difcover'd by Mr. Slingsby about the year 1620. all that time ; himfelf was the firft, the 8 rl1 of
2. The Stinking or Sulphur-well, faid to cure the D. 1 53 7,
July, A. in the 8e5 th year of his age.
Dropfie, Spleen, Scurvy, Gout, &c. fo that what Northward from Knaresborough, is a moll no-
formerly was call'd the difoonour ofPhyfick, may ble Hall built by Sir Edward Blacket, with de-
be call'd the honour 0} the Scarborow-Spaw ; the licate Gardens adorn'd with Statues.] The
late way of bathing being efteem'd very foveraign. Nid, having pafs'd thefe places, runs but a
3. St. Mongahs ( not Magnus, amangus, mimgus little way, before it falls into the Oufe, not far

or mugnus, as frequently mifcall'd ) or Kenti- from AUerton, the Seat of an ancient and fa- Allerton;
gern's, a Scotifh Saint, much honour'd in thefe mous family the Malliverers, Knights, who in
parts ; whom his Tutor Servanus BifTiop ot old writings are call'd Mali-Leporarii, Tand
Orkney, lov'd beyond others, and us'd to call whofe name occurs in the Lift of the Sheriffs
SW
HUlor of°thc
him Mm $>
ah *'
in thc Norifh ton g«e a dear of the County, fince the 8 lh year of Henry the
Church of friend. The
fourth, viz. the Dropping-Well before- fifth.!
Scotlandjpag.mention'd, is * the molt famous of all the pe- Out of thefe Wc-flern Mountains fprings
111 Welk in England ; and the ground up-
trijying likewife the river Ure, but in another part of UVe, riv.
. ,

Anfw^o Dr* 011 w^ c ^

Jt drops ^rom tne fpungy porous rock the Country (namely in the North-riding .-)
ToniUI. p.<4* a hove twelve yards long, is all become a folid which Hill retaining this name, and watering
Rock ; from ^whence it runs into Nid, where the North part of the County, a little before
the fpring-watcr has made a rock, that ftretcbes it reaches Rippon, becomes the boundary be-Rippon.
fome yards into the river. Yet it mult be con- tween the North and the Well-riding. This
fefs'd to fallfhort of that ftupendous Spring Rippon, in Saxon bpippun, is fituated between
at Clarmoat in Auverne, a Province in France, the lire and the little river Shell, and owes it's
where the Lapidefceut is fo if rang, that it turns greatnefs to Religion ; efpecially to a Monaflery

all itsfubflance into fione, and being put into built by Wilfred Archbilhop of York, in the in- '

\ Hydrogr. a glafs w ill turn prefently into a flone of the fancy of the Englilh Church; which was wonderful,
Spag. 1. 2. fame form. And f Petrus Joannes Faber, a French fays Malmesbury,/or its archedvaults, its finepave-
mentSy
 :

873 T R K SHIRE. Wesi.Ridhff, 874

ments, and winding Entries. But this was entire- and placed as it were
in a ftreight line one
ly demolifh'd (together with the whole town) trom another. The two middle Stones (one
by the Danes, whofe outrage and cruelty knew of which was lately difplacad in
hopes of find-
no diflinction between things facred and pro- ing Money) almoft touch
'd one another ; the
phane. After that, it was rebuilt by Odo Arch- outer
ones {landing at fome fmall and equal
bifhop of Canterbury, who being a moft re- diftance trom them.
As for the delign or
ligious obferver of holy Rites, transferred the meaning
of them, I have nothing to fay, but
RelJques of St. Wilfrid from hence to Canter- that my Opinion is
agreeable with fome others
bury. fBut before the' time that Wilfrid came in this point, That it
was a Roman Trophy
hither, there was a Monaflery of Scots at Rip- rais'd by the
Hift. high-way, which runs along here.
\ Bed. pon, as t Bede acknowledged j and he tells us As for the filly itories
I.3. c. 25.
||
of their being thofe bolts
alfo, who thofe Scots were, namely, Eata Ab- which
1. 5. C. 20. the Devil (hot at fome Cities herea-
Life of S, bot of Mailros, and his Monks. However, bouts, and fo deftroy'd them ; I think De ,ils Mr.
|1 1
it not
Cuthbert, this Town was never fo confiderable as fince worth while to
cap. 7,8.
mention them. Thus much
the Norman Conqueft, when, as one tells us, however is obfervable,
that many, and thofe
greater plenty of Monasteries began to be built. learned men, are of
opinion, that the Stones
Then, this Monaftery alfo began to encreafe are not natural, but an artificial
compound
and flourifti under the patronage of the Archbi- ot fine Sand, Lime, and Vitriol (for of
this they
(hops of York ; and the Town too, under it's fanfy it has fome grains,
) as alfo of an oily
Governour, call'd in Saxon Wakeman, that is to unctuous matter. Much like
thofe Ciftems a't
fay Watchman, and by their diligence in the Rome, which Pliny
tells us were made of Sand
Woollen Manufacture, which is now flackened. and hot Lime; (o very
compact and firm, that
The Town is adorn'd with a very neat Church, one would have taken them for real
(lone.
built by the contributions of the Gentry here- This Opinion, that they are artificial, may
abouts, and of the Treafurer of the Town ; feem to receive
fupport from the like Stones
having three Spire-deep les, which welcome in Oxfordshire, called
the Devils-caits, which
Strangers at a diftance, and vie with the rich Dr. Plot affirms to
be made of a fmall kind of HilK °* ford -
Abbey of Fountain, built within fight of it, by (tones cemented together,
whereof there are p 343
' '

T'burftin Archbifhop of York, fand favourably great numbers in the

fields thereabouts. ButPMofopl).
valued at theDifiblution, at 1 173 /. yd.ob. others think it evident,
s.
that they are natural, Collca N. 4. -

In the Minder-yard, is this modefr, Ihfcrip- and not (iditious, and 9I "
that they are made of p 9 °' '

tion for a two tbaufand-pound-Benefac~tor ; one of the moft common

fort of Stone, viz.. a
Hie jacet Zacbarias Jepfon, cujus atas fuit 49. coarfe Rag or Milltone
grit ; alledging, that
Perpaucos tantum amws vixit.~\ On one fide of the remains of the Gates at York, and a Ro-
\ Gutter urn • the Church, Hands a little College f forSinging- man Head, and two Roman Altars, in York-
* So in the men, founded by * Henry Both Archbifhop of fhire, are plainly of that kind of Stone, and
Text. York on the other fide, a great earthen
;
the fame with thefe. And againll the imagi-
Mount, call'd Hiljba-w, call up, as they fay, by ned impoflibility of bringing Stones of that
St. Wilfrid's the Danes. Within the Church, Wilfrid's Needle bignefs from any confiderable diftance, they
Needle. was mighty famous in the laft age. The bu- alledge, the vaft pile at Sunebmge, fuppofed to
finefs was this there was a {trait paflage into
;
have been brought from Rockley, twenty miles
a room clofe and vaulted, under ground, where- from the place ; whereas above Ilk/ey, a Ro-
by trial was made of any woman's cbafiity if .-

man Station within (ixteen miles of Burrozu-

fhe was chaft, fhe pafs'd with eafe; but if other- bridge, is a folid bed of Stone, that would yield
wife, file was, by I know not what miracle, Obelisks thirty toot long.
flop'd, and detain'd there. TAt this Town, in Whether the foregoing conjecture of their
the year 1651$. was found a confiderable num-
being fet up as Trophies by the Romans, may
ber of Saxon Coins, namely, of their brafs
Sticca's, whereof there were eight to a Penny.
be allow'd, is not fo certain. A
* later Anti-» Hill. Staff,
quary feems inclin'd to conclude them to be a p.' 39*.
They were of the later race of the Kings of Britifh work (uppofing, that they might be
;
Deira,or rather the Subreguli, after Egbert had
erected in memory of fome battel tought there:
redue'd it to be part of his Monarchy. 1
but he is rather of opinion,
that they were
The Monaftery of Fountain is delicately fi- Britijb Deities, agreeing with the Learned Dr.
tuated, in a fruitful wherein are veins of Stillingfieet, and grounding
foil,
upon the cuftom of
Lead ; and had from twelve Monks the Phoenicians and
its original
Greeks (Nations undoubt-
of York, who more
rigid and ftrict
affecting a
edly acquainted with Britain, before the arrival
courfe of life, left their
Cloiftcrs, and, after a
of the Romans) who fet up unpolifh'd (tones
great deal of trouble and hardfhip, were fet-
inftead of images, to the honour of their Gods.
tled here by T'burftin Archbifhop of York, who
And another, * yet later, thinks they are thofe ( Gale, Mm.
founded it for that purpofe. However, I fliould
Mercuries, defcrib'd by the Ancients, which wererar. p. 17.
fcarce have taken notice of them, but that St.
ufually placed where four ways met (as they
Bernard in his Epiftles has fo much commended
did here ; ) and that the head of the Mercury
their Order and Difcipline.
on the top of the ftones, and the Infcriptions,
Not much lower, upon the river Ure, is Bur- may be worn off
Burrow- by Time.
bridge. rowbridge, a little Town fo call'd from the
In the Garden-wall of Sir William Tancred's
bridge there, which is made of ftone, and is
houfe at Burrowbridge, is an imperfect Infcri-
very high and ftately ; but in Edward the fe-
ption, which feems to have been fepulchral
cond's time it feems to have been only a wooden
one. For we read, that while the Barons har-
rafs'd that King and the whole Kingdom, Hum-
phrey de Bobmi Earl of Hereford, in patting over
it, was run up the groin quite through the body

by a Soldier who lay under the bridge, and

took the advantage of pufhing through a chink.
Juft by the bridge, in three little fields to the
* Now 3. Weflward, I faw * four huge Stones, of a 5 S Some-
Pyramids. pyramidal form, very rough and unpolifh'd,
8 75 BRIG ANTES. 876
another, a Roman fitting, with a facrificing
difh in one hand, and reSting his other on a
fpear : a third, a Roman (if not Pallas) with
a fpear in one hand, wearing a helmet, and a
Shield on the back, or on the other arm ; and
under that fomething like a quiver hanging to
the knee a fourth (of a purple colour) has
:

a Roman head like Severus or Antonine : a fifth,

hath the head of Jupiter Amman a fixth, an
;

Eagle, with a Civick Crown in its Bill ; a

feventh, a winged ViEiory crowning a Trophy.
Several Pavements have been found about a foot
under-ground, and compafs'd with ftones of
about an inch fquare ; but within are little
Stones of a quarter that bignefs, wrought into
knots and flowers, after the Mofaick-fafhion.
Somewhat Eaftward from, the bridge before- No Altars are met with ; but pieces of Urns
mention'd, ftands Ifurium Brigantum, an ancient and old Glafs are common and they have al-
city, which took its name from the Ure run- fo found feveral Veflels of red earth, wrought
ning by it ; but has been entirely demolifh'd with knots, flowers, heads, birds, and beafts ;
many ages fince. There is flill a village upon and lately, a lamp of earth, and a Cothon or Po-
the fame fpot, which carries antiquity in its cuhim Laconkum, which the Soldiers did ufe, in
name, being calfd Ealdburg and Aldborrow, that their marches, for clearing of water, by palling
is to fay, an old Burrough j where are now tew it into feveral Concavities made therein. In
or no figns remaining or a City, the plot thereof the Veflry-wall of the Church, is plac'd a fi-
being converted into arable and pafture grounds. gure of Pan or Sihanus, in one rough ftone
So that the evidence of Hiflory it felt would be nyched.l
fufpe&ed, in testifying this to be the old Ifu- By that time the Ure (which from hence-
rium, if the name of the river Ure, the Roman forward the Saxons call'd Oufe, becaufe the
coins continually dug-up, and the distance bi Oufeburne, a little brook, falls into it here) has
tween it and York, according to Antoninus run fixteen Italian miles further, it arrives at
fixteen milesl were not convincing and
[•viz,, the City Eboracum or Eburacum, which f Ptole- Eboracum.
undeniable Proofs. my calls Brigantium, * it the Book be not faulty, Tori.
f But to be Somewhat more particular in the and that miftake have not rifen from its being + Lib 2 - -

Letters from
defcription of this Place, and the remains of
Antiquity they meet with The ancient Town
: fimply and by way of excellency, Civitas, a Ci-* Gale, Iti-
Moris
Minifter
(as appear'd by a late Survey) contain'd within
there. the walls, fixty Acres ; being almoil a direct
fquare, upon a declining hiil towards
the north-fide Road-gate, leading to the old
: tpe,l and we at this day, Turk.
Catarathnium, went through it to Milby ; and
the way through the meadows may yet be dif-
cover'd, bearing the name of Brig-gates, near
half a mile eaft of the prefent Bridge. Under
the South-wall, there feems to have been an
old Camp, of about two acres, the only place,
on the outfide, where Coins are found. The
old Walls were about lour yards thick, found-
ed upon large pebles laid on a bed of blue
Clay, four or five yards deep. The
black ; which makes the tradition probable,
that it was burnt by the Danes when York
was almofl deftroy'd by them ; and alfo, upon
opening the ground, Bones are feen half-burnt,
with other black Afhes. Here have been
found alfo fragments of Aquxdu&s cut great
flones, and cover'd with Roman tyle ; and in
the late Civil wars, as they were digging a
Cellar, they met with a fort of Vault, leading,
as it is fai'd, to the river if it was of Roman
: the largefl Arches I ever faw.
work (for it has not yet met with any one cu-
rious enough to fearch it) it might probably be
a Repository for the Dead. The Coins (gene-
rally of brats, but fome tew of filver) are rare-
ly elder than Claudius, yer. fome there are of
Auguftus Cafar, and fo down to the Antonines,
with Caraufius and Aleihis, and two of the
thirty Tyrants, viz,. Poftumus and Tetrkus ; but
thofe of Conftantine are molt common. They
meet alfo with little Roman heads of brafs ;
and have formerly found coin'd pieces of gold,
with chains ot the fame metal but none of
; calFd the old Bale, which William Melton the
late. Here have likewife been found, within
the circuit of the old walis, about twenty little
polifh'd Signet-Stones, ot divers kinds and cutsj
Con '
the Metropolis of the Brigantes ; TSpartian,
^|
ty;l Ninnius, Caer-Ebrauc, the Britains Gzw-nerar.p. 19.
Effroc, the Saxons Suon-pic, and Gopn-pic,
Ure on rCorxmpic-Ceaj-cpe, and fometimes fimply L"eaj--
The Britifh.
Hiftory derives the name from the firft founder,
King Ebraucus. But with fubmiffion to better
judgments, my opinion is, that the word Ebu-
racum comes from the river Ure ; implying its
fituation to be upon that river. Thus the Ebu-
rowcesin France were feated by the river Ure,
near -Eureux in Normandy ; the Eburones in the
Netherlands, near the river Oun, in the Dio-
ce(c of Liege ; and El-lana in Ireland, by the
foil is river Lefny. York is thefecond city in England,
the fineft in this County, and the great defence
and ornament to thofe northern parts. It is
pleafant, large, and Strong, adorn'd with fine
buildings (publick and private,) populous, rich,
and an Archbifliop's See. The river Ure, which
m now has the name of Oufe, runs gently (as I faid)
from north to fouth, quite through the City,
and divides it into two parts, joyn'd by a
Stone-bridge, which, among others, has one of
The weft-part
of the City, is lefs populous, and lies in a
fquare form, enclosed with flately walls, and
with the river,and has but one way to it, name-
ly by Mikell-barr, which Signifies a gredt Gate.
From whence a long fair-built Street on both
fides, leads to the very bridge, with fine Gar-
dens behind them, and the fields, for Exerci-
{es, extended to the very walls. In the fouth-
atigle of which, form ti by them and by the
river, I faw a mount that has probably been
caft up for fome Cattle to be built there, now
Archbifhop (as we find it in the Lives of the
Archbifhops) fortify ajtrjl with thick planks eighteen
foot long, and afterwards with a ftone -wall ot ;

particularly one had a horfe upon it, and a which nothing now remains.
flamp of Laurel Shooting out five branches:!
The
 ; : '

3 77 TORKSHIRE. WeB-Riding. 878

The esft-part of the City (where the build- That this ninth Legion was in Britain in
ingsare thick, and the ilreets but narrow) is Galba's time, and that it was alfo cail'd
Nijfa-
fllap'd like a lentil, and ftrongly wall'd. On nien/ls, appears from the notes of
the Learned
. the fouth-eaft it is defended by a Fofs or Ditch, Sir Henry Savil at the end of his Edition
of Taci-
very deep and muddy, which runs by oblcure tus; but that it was flii'd Vichix, as well as
ways into the very heart of the City, and has the
fixth and twentieth, and that its flation
a bridge over it fo fet with buildings on both was at York, hath not been obferv'd before
;
fides, that a ftranger would miftake it for aand yet both are evident from this Infcription
ilreet : after which, into the Oufe.
it falls At upon a Roman brick found there
the confluence, over-againft the Mount before-
menticn'd, William the Conqueror built a very
ftrong Caflle, to awe the Citizens. But this
without any care, has been left to the mercy of LEG. IX. via Philofoph.
Tranf. N.
time, ever fince fortify 'd places have grown in-
3°5-
to difrepute among us, as only fit for thofi
who want courage to facean enemy in the Other remains of Roman Antiquity have been
field. On this fide alfo, to the north-eaff, ftands alfo difcover'd from time to time in this place.
the Cathedral, dedicated to St. Peter, a magniff For (not to mention the old Arch in the B?r
cent and curious fabrick ; near which, without leading to Micklefireet, and feveral parts of the
the walls, was a noble Monaflery, furrounded City-walls, and a multangular tower in Coning-
with die river and its own walls, nam'd St. fireet, all of Roman work,) there was lately
Mary's. This was founded by Alan the third, found, in digging a Cellar in Coningftreet, a
Earl of Bretaign in Armorica and of Richmond Monument dedicated to the Genius, or tutelar
here in England ; and plentifully endow'd by Deity of the place, which is thus inferib'd,
him ; fbeing valu'd at the Diliblution at above
\ Now it two thoufand Pounds.! But, -f
after that, it
is, C.was converted into a Royal Palace, and is com-
Tbe Ma- monly cail'd the Manour ; Tand it is now divided Philofoph.
nour.- Minimiiiii;ii.;,i.iii'iiiiiiii ,: f i;i;nTg!Hii;!g Tranf. N.
into leiler Houfes.l
As
whence
for the original of York ; I cannot tell
to derive it, but from the Romans,
Genio loci]
feeing the Britifh towns before the coming-in
of the Romans were only woods fortify'd with feliciter
a ditch and rampire, as Csrfar and Strabo (who
are Evidences beyond exception) aflure us. Not
to mention the ffory of King Ekaucus (a word
form'd from the name Eboracum) who is grofsly
feign'd and believ'd to be the founder of it Alfo, a little without Boutham-Bar, was the
this is certain, that the fixth Legion, cail'd Vi- Roman burying-place ; where have been found
Elrix, and fent out of Germany into Britain by considerable numbers of their Urns, with their
Hadrian, was in garrifon here and, that this : burnt Bones and Allies ; lotah, or ioetham,
was a Roman Colony, we are afl'ur'd both by being fo cail'd, probably, from thefe burnings
Antoninus and Ptolemy, and by an old Infcription, of the Romans, for loeth in Britiih fignifies
which I my felf have feen in the houfe of a what is burnt with fire Here was alfo dug-up P
xrini:° N
:

certain Alderman of this City an old Roman Coffin, of red Clay, above fourteen
:
i^i9 6.
inches long ; and a Lead-Coffin, feven foot
long, inclos'd in a prodigious ftrong one of
Oak-Plants within which, the Bones were
(MVEREC VIR COL ;

entire, though probably inter'd near fifteen

EBOPJIT MQ MORT CIVESBITVRIX
hundred years ago, after the Antonines had
CVBVS HAECSIBI VIVVS FECIT.
introdue'd the Cuitom of Burying the dead, in-
ftead of Burning.
In the year 163S. in a houfe near Bifhop-
And alfo from Severus the Emperor's Coins hill,was found this Altar, which is, or lately
which have this Infcription on the reverfe was, at the Duke of Buckingham's houfe in
;
York:
COL. EBORACVM. LEG. VI. VICTRIX.
I. O. M.
Tit feems alfo plain, that the ninth Legion re- DIS. DEABVSQ.VE
fided here; from an Infcription upon a funeral HOSPITALIBVS PE
Monument for the Standard-bearer thereof; NATIBVSQ. OB. CON
which was found in Trinity-yard in Mickle- SERVATAM SALVTEM
gate, under his Statue in baft-relieve,
and is SVAM SVORVMQ, :

now in the Gardens at Ribfton, the feat of the P. AEL. MARClAN

Goodricks. VS. P R M F. C O H.
ARAM. SAC. F. NCD.

I, DVCC7 vs In Church-Wall, in All-Saints-flreet,

the is Philofoph.
this Monument of Conjugal Affetlion, Tranf. N.
Philofoph. i-VoT. RVFJ
Tranf. N.
305. 'NVS. MIEN
S/GhE LEG.Vmi-
A/V-XX/IX-
h. <r. e. Not
 .

879
BRIG ANTES. 88r
endow'd with all moral and Chriftian Virtues,
came to this City ( as the Panegyrifl fpeaks,) the
Gods calling him hither, as to the remotefl part 0)
the world. Here he dy'd likewife, and was af-
\ terwards deify 'd, as appears by the old Coins.
Tomb
AE' AN And though Florilegus tells
was found in Wales, as I have already obferv'd ;
us, that his

S
T SEC T yet I have been illform'd by credible perfons,
that at the fuppreffion of Monafteries in the
in + So laid,
ENEA\ t laft age, there was found a Lamp burning

the vault of that little Chapel, wherein Conftan-'""-

l6o 7"

T AKTO tins was thought to be bury'd. Lazdus tells us,

I that the ancients had an art of diflblving gold
into a fit liquor, and of preparing it fo, that
COKfVGI it would continue burning in the Sepulchres

for many ages. Conftantius, by his firft wife

Conftantine
Helena, had ifl'ue Conftantinus Maximus, filled in
1 "" Grelt -
Infcriptions Romanic Urbis Liberator, Quietisfunda-
or, and Reipublica injlaurator ; who here receiv'd
Not many years finer, in digging for the foun-
the laft breath of his dying father, and was im-
f phil.Tranf. dation of a new lioufe, t were difcover d a great mediately declar'd Emperor. The foldiers (as the
n. 303. number of Norman Coins, mofily of William Panegyrifl fays) regarding rather the benefit of the
the Conqueror.]
State, than their own private interefts, cafl the Robes
The lime Upon what grounds, VtBor, in his Hiftory and pur d Ins horfe, to avoid
when upon him, whilft he wept f
that
vitior f tr e Qtfars, calls York a Munkipium,
""» ,

it was a Colony, I cannot readily

tell ; unlefs
the importunity of the army, attempting at that in-
to make him Emperor but at laft his mode-
Pmneftmes flam
;

SSrftoUM.'lw Inhabitants might defire, as the the State. And

did, to be chang'd'from a Colony to a
Mum- (ly gave way to the Happinejs oj
therefore he exclaims at laif ; fortunate Britain,
Mmicipium. c um M For Colonies were more obnoxious and
.
above all Nations for having firft feen
Liberty, now
Colonia. blejs'd
fervile
.
bei „ s not [eft t0 their own Again Liberavit Me
Conftantine Emperor.
as Agellius tells us, but govern'd by the Roman oriendo
Britamicu fervitute, tu etiam Nobiles illic

Laws and Cuftoms. Whereas, the Munkipia

fecifti : i. e. He refcu'd the Britains from flavery,
were allow'd the free ufe of their own Con-
but thou haft ennobled them by being born then.
ftitutions, and enjoy'd thofe honourable
offices
Which paflage, in the judgment ot the learned
which the Citizens of Rome did, without be- Barouius and others, refers to the native Coun-
ing ty'd to any other duties and therefore it ;
try of Conftantine. But I will not here repeat,
is not ftrange that a Colony fhould
be convert- Pa S- *""•
what I have t already faid. T
ed into a Munkipium. But to what purpofe is all this it may be infer'd, what figure
thofe From
this nicety ? For the difference between the world ; feeing it
Eboracum then made in
two words not always precifely obferv'd in
was the Seat of the Roman Emperors. Our
is

the Hiftory of the Emperors, but fometimes ownHiftorianstellusf, that it was made an + The
truth
both Colonia and Munkipium are promifcuoufly Epifcopal See by Conftantius. But that Tau- °» £™» $£
apply'd to one and the fame place. Yet, from
rinus the Martyr, Bifhop of the Eburoyices or Fulh jj ifti
the Coins before-mention'd, I dare hardly
af-
Eureux, prefided in this See, I am not inclin'd, ann 3 oc._ ,

firm this Colony to have been planted here by byVincentti

with others, to believe; fince Vmcentius,
Severn, feeing Ptolemy tells us, that in the
time of the Am/mines, this was the ftation of
whom they were led into this error, would
confute me with his own words. When the
SJ^
However. we read that Se-
the fixth Legion. However, and Britain
Severus. Romans withdrew themfclves, left
verus had his Palace here, and that he dy'd Nations ; fuch a large
a prey to the barbarous
in this city, uttering thefe words with his laft
fliare of thofe miferies fellupon this City, that
breath, The Commonwealth was diforder'd in all
towards the end of the Scotch and Saxon wars,
when 1 mend it yet leave 1 it in prate,
the part!
was nothing but the Shadow and Echo of
;
it
even to the Britains. His Corps was alfo brought
what it had been. For when Paulinus preach d
out after the Roman manner by the Soldiers, Chriftianity to the Saxons of this Province, it
and committed to the flames ; and the day was
was redue'd fo low, that the whole City could
folemniz'd with races by his fons and foldiers
not afford fo much as a fmall Church wherein
at a certain place below the town, to the weft, year 527,
to baptize King Edwin, who, in the
near Ackham ; where Hands a huge mount,
rais'd a fabrick of wood for Divine Service ;
|| ||
Oratirium.
which Radulphus Niger tells us, was, ill his
and, intending after that to build another of
time, call'd San ( by fome at
as it is alfo
had fcarce laid the foundation, but he
this day) from Were pre- ftoue, he
Severus. His allies
dy'd, leaving the wotk to be finifli'd by his
ferv'd in a golden Urn, or a veflel of Porphy- From this time, the
fuccefibr King Ofwald.
riie-flone ; which was carry'd to Rome,
and laid
muff not City began to be great in Ecclefiaftical Digni-
the monument of the Antonines. I
Pope Honorius fent it a Pall, and it was
ill
ty.
forget to take notice, that there was in this
for Spar-
made a Metropolitan City with the Primacy, not smUn i ; f„f:
City Temple dedicated to Beltona ;
a
only over twelve Sees here in England, but merly lubjea
Eellona'* tian fpeaking of the City, fays, "That Severus But to the Arch-
over all the Bifhopricks of Scotland.
Temple. and intending to offer Sacrifice, was »£°P
Scotland hath difown'd its Prerogative many
coming into it,
to theTemple o/Bellona by the mijlake
conduced
firft years (ince, and it felf hath (wallow d upseeinir»-
of an ignorant Augur. And, that it was then fo
ieveral fmall inconfiderable Biifiopricks here-iomf.
happy, as to have juftice adminifter'd in it by
abouts, fo that the whole Province is now re-
that great Oracle of the Law, Mmilim Paulas of Durham, Chefter, Car-
Papinianus, Forcatulus has told us. From this due'd to the four Sees
lifle, and Man
(or Sodor) in the IUe of Man. Eg-
City, the Emperors Sevens and Antoninus, upon about
bert, Archbifhop of this See, who liv'd
a queft ion arifmg about the lenfe of the Law,
the year 740, founded a noble Library here (thefe The Library.
dated their Refcript de Rei Vindicatione. About
are the words of Malmsbury; ) a Treafury and
Conftantius a hundred years after the death of Severus, Fla. with
Emperor Cabinet, if I may fo exprefs my felf, enrich' d
Chlorus. ya i Conftantius, firnam'd Chhrus, an
 :

88i TORKS HIRE. Weft-Riding. 882

aU Arts and Sciences. Of which alio, Alcuinus confided of above three thoufand Books. She
of York ( who was Tutor to Charles the great, is memorable likewife tor having a Bifhop to

and the firft Founder ot an Academy at Paris, her father, an Archbifhop ('Matthew Parker of
Flaccus Al- and alio tne great glory of this City) makes Canterbury) to her father-in-law, four Bifhops
cuinus or Al- mention in his Epiitle to the fame Charles the to her brethren, and an Archbifhop to her hus-
binus, flou- great Give me fuch excellent and learned Books of
: band.!
riiVd al>out
Scholuftiik Divinity, as I have feen in my own This City flourifh'd very much for fome time
780.
Country., colletled by the ufefttl and pious induflry of under the Saxon Government, till thofe Danifh

Egbert, Archbifhop. And if it feem good to your ftorms came from the North, and fpoil'd its
Wifdcm, I -will jend fame of your own Jervaitts, who beauty again, bygreat ruins and moft dilmal
may copy out of them fuch things as be neceffary, and [laughter. Which Alcuin in his Epiftle to Egel-
Jo transplant the flowers of Britain into France, that red King of the Northumbrians teems to have
this garden may no longer be confind to York, but foretoid. What (fays he) can be the meaning of
jo?nething of that Paradife may be brought to 'Tours that foower of blood, which in Lent wefaw at York,
;

r where, by the way, Alcuinus dy'd anno 780, the Metropolis of the Kingdom, near St. Peter s Churchy
and was bury'd in a fmall Convent appendant defending with great horror from the roof of the north-
to the Monastery of St. Martin, of which he part of the Houfe in a clear day ? May not we ima-
was Abbot.l The Church of York was by the gine that this forebodes deftruBion and blood among
Princes of that time endow'd with many large ta from that quarter ? For in the following age,
poflefiions, especially by Ulphus the fun of To- when the Danes laid every thing wafte, this
raldus which I the rather note from an old City was involv'd in very great and very terri-
:

book, that a flrange way of Endowing heretofore, ble Calamities. In the year 867. the walls of
may be obfervM This Ulphus govern din the weft it were fo fhaken by the many affaults made
:

parts of Deira, and by reafon of a difference like to upon them, that Osbright and Ella, Kings of
happen between his eldeft fon and his youngefl, about Northumberland, as they purfu'd the Danes in
I bis after his death, he prefently took this thefe parts, eafily broke into the City, and after
Eftate
\ Domini*.
courfe tomake them equal. Without delay he went a bloody conflict in the midft of it, were both
to York, and taking with him the horn, wherein he flain, leaving the victory to the Danes, who
was wont to drink, he fill'd it with wine, andkneel- had retir'd hither. Hence, that of William of
ing upon his knees before the Altar, beftow'd upon God Malmesbury ; York, ever moft obnoxious to the fury
and the bleffed St. Peter, Prince of the Apoflles, all of the northern nations, hath fuftamd the barbarous
his Lands and Revenues. This Horn was kept affaults of the Danes, and groan' d deeply under the
* So ft id,
there to the * Lift age, as I have been inform'd ; miferies which it hath fuffer'd. But, as the fame
nn. 1607. ["and having been loft or ftol'n, for a long time, Author informs us, King Athelftan took it
was by Henry Lord Fairfax, and re-
recover'd from the Danes, and demolifh'd that caftle
mains in the Minfter at this day.1 with which they had fortify 'd it. Nor in after-
It would feem to reflect upon the Clergy, if ages was it quite deliver'd from the calamities
I fhould relate the fecret emulations and open of War in that age efpecially, which was fo
;

quarrels which ambition hasrais'd between the noted for the lubveriion of Cities.
two Sees of York and Canterbury, whilft, with But the Normans, as they put an end to
great expence of money, but more of reputa- thefe miferies, fo they almoft brought deftru-
tion, they warmly contended for Pre-eminence. fiion to York. For when the fons of Sueno the Alfred of Be
T. Stobbcs. For (as one relates it) the See of York was equal Dane arriv'd here with a fleet of two hundred V(fr/(y' {n t!)c
in dignity, though it was the younger, and poorer fi- and forty fail, and landed hard byJ the Nor- Lihrary of ;
-r n. the Lord
mans, who kept garnlon m two caftles in the Burleigh,
1
fter ; and this being rats d to the fame power that the
1

See of Canterbury was, and having its Privileges con- City, fearing left the houfes in the fuburbs Treafurer of
firmed by the fame Apoftolical Authority, took it ve- might be ferviceable to the enemy in fining up England,
ry heinouily to be made fubfeB by the decree the trenches, fet them on fire ; which was fo
of Pope Alexander ; which declares, that the encreas'd and difpers'd by the wind, that it
Archbifhoprick of York ought to yield to that of Can- prefently fpread over the whole City, and fet
terbury, and pay an obedience to her Archbifhop, at it all on fire. In this diftracfion, the Danes
Primate of all Britain, in all matters relating to Re- took the town, putting many of the People to the
ligion. FWhich Controverfy was determin'd in fword, and referring William Mallet and Gil-

Angl. S«cr. the time of Archbifhop Thoresby, anno 1353, bert Gant, two principal men, to be Decimated
& Dednn.
Par. p. 74. at the fpecial follicitation of King Edward the among the foldiers afterwards. For every tenth tion,
third (who earneftly excited the two Archbi- prifoner of the Normans on whom the lot fell,
fhops to Peace and Concord ;) fo as the Arch- was executed. Which fo exafperated William
bifhops of York might legally write themfelves the Conqueror, that (as if the Citizens had ti-
Primates of England. 1 It tails not within the ded with the Danes) he cut them
all off, and
compafs of my defign, to treat of the Archbi- fet the City again on fire : and (as Malmes-
fhops of this See, though many of them have bury fays) fo fpoil'd all the adjacent territory, that
been perfons of great virtue and piety. It is a fruitful Province was become a prey, and the coun-
enough for me to obferve, that from the year try forfixty miles together lay fo much negleBed, that
625, when Paulinus the firft Archbifhop was a ftranger would have lamented the fight
(confidering
'"
con t
'

crat:e ^> there \ Succeeded in it threefcore its once

\ Have fine cities, high towers, and rich paftures
j

fue- ;)
ceeded, C. an d ^ ve Archbifhops, to the year 1606. in and no former inhabitant could fo much as know it.
which Dr. Tobias Matthews, Venerable for his The ancient grandeur of the place may appear
virtue and piety, for his learned eloquence, and from Domefday-book. In the time of Edward
for his indefatigable Preaching, was tranflated the Confeffor, the City
of York contain*d fix Shires or
hither, from the Bifhoprick ot Durham ; T(fince Diviflons, befides the Shire One
of the Archbifhop.
which, ten others having been added, raife the was wafted for the caftles; in the
five remaining
number of Archbifhops of York to feven- Shires there were one thoufand four hundred and
ty-five. ) The wife of the forefaid Archbifhop twenty-eight houfes, inhabited, and in the Shire of
Matthews, a prudent Matron, daughter of Bi- the Archbiftjop two hundred houfes inhabited. Af-
fiiopBarlow (a Confeflor in Queen Mary's time) ter all thefe Overthrows, Necham lings thus
was a great Benefactrefs to this Church, beftow- of it
ing upon it the Library of her husband, which
5 T Vtfito
 : :

883 BRIG ANT ES. 884.

Vifito quam jmlix Ebraucus condidit urbem, Feet.
Petro fe debet Pontificalis apex, Length befide the buttrelTes 5*4*
Civibus htec toties viduata, novifque repleta, breadth of the eafl-end — . 105
Diruta profpexit mania fape jua. breadth of the weft-end - IO£
Quid manus hoftilis queat, eft expert a fre- breadth of the Crofs from north to fouth 222
quenter, breadth of the Chapter-houfe « 58 ^
Sed quid nunc pacts otia longn fovent. height of the Chapter-houfe to the Canopy 86 4.
?

height of the body of the Minfter —— 99

There happy Ebrauk's lofty towers ap- height of the Lanthorn to the Vault 188
pear, height to the top-leads - - 213!
Which owe their mitre to St. Peter's
care. About the fame time, the Citizens began to
How oft in dull the haplefs town hath fortifythemfelves with new walls, adding many
lain ? towers for their further fecurity ; and made excel-
How of its walls hath changed ? how oft lent laws for the government of the City.
it's men ? King Richard the fecond made it a County in-
How oft the rage of fword and flames hath and Richard the third began to raife
corporate,
mourn'd ? a new from the ground f(near
Caftle in
it, ;

But now long peace, and Lifting joy's re- ihell ot Clifford's tower, blown up
which, ftands the
turn'd. in the year 1*548*:)] and that nothing might be* Apr. 24.
wanting, King Henry the eighth in the flail age + So faid,

For in his days, thefe troublefome times be- eftablifh'd aCouncil or Senate here, not unlike*?"* , *°7*
n <:i
ing followed with a long and happy peace, ii the Parliaments in France, who were to judge „ ft ,i rrt^j .

began to revive, andcontinu'd flourifhing, tho' or Caules anting in thele northern parts, t h e North,
all

often mark'd-out tor deft ruction by our own and to decide them by the rules of Equity. The
Rebels, and the Scots. Yet in King Stephen's Court confifted of a Prefident, and what num-|| Confifts.C.
||

time, it fufter'd extremely by a caiual fire ber of Counfellors the King * pleased, with a Se-* Pleafss, C.
which burnt down the Cathedral, St. Mary's cretary and Under-ofTicers ; fbut it is now' taken
Monafteryj and other Religious houfes and al- ; away, and entirely abolifh'd.
fo, as it is fuppos'd, that excellent Library This ancient and noble City might, e're
-which Ahum tells us was founded by his Ma- this time, have ftood in a more clear and agree-
iler Archbifhop Egbert. The Monaftery of able light ; if Sir 'Thomas Widdr'mgton, a perfori
St. Mary did not lie long, till it rofe again to accomph'fh'd in all Arts, as well as his own
its former fplendor but the Cathedral lay
; Profeftion of the Laws, after he had written
neglected till King Edward the firft's time, and an entire Hiftory of it, had not, upon fome
then it was begun by John Roman, Treafurer difguft, prohibited the publication. The ori-
of this Church, and brought to that beautiful ginal Manufcript of this Hiftory, is, or was
Fabrick we now fee it, by his fon "John, Wil- lately, in the poflelfion of Thomm Fairfax of
liam Melton, and John T'horesby, all Archbifhops, Menfton Efquire.]
together with the contributions of the Gentry Our
Mathematicians have fettled the Lon-
thereabouts Efpecially of the Percies and the
: gitude of York to be 22 degr. and 25 fcr. the
Vavafors, as the Arms of thofe families in the Latitude 54 degr. and jo fcr.
Church, and their portraitures in the gate, do Thus far we have been defcribing the weft:
fhew ; the Percies with a piece ot timber, and part of this County, and the City of York,
the Vavafors with a ftone, in their hands ; in w hich neither belongs to this nor any other
;

memory of the one's having contributed ftone, part of the Shire, but enjoys its own Liber-
and the other timber, to this new Fabrick. ties, and a jurifdiition over the neighbourhood
J
[Archbifhop Thoresby was a very great benefr on the weft-hde,call d the Liberty ofAnfty : which Anfiy;
(5tor to it ; and on the 29th of July 13 61. laid fome derive from Antienty, to denote its Anti-
the firft ftone of the new Quire, to which, at quity ; and others more probably from the
fixteen payments, he gave fo many hundred German word Anftojfcn, implying a bound or
pounds, befides many other lefs fums for par- limit. I will conclude what I have faid of this
ticular ufes, towards carrying on that work. City with thefe Verfes written * fome time* So tali,
ann, 1607.
As he was Archbifhop of York, fo was he alfo fince by J. Jonfton of Aberdeen.
Spelm. Glof. Lord Chancellor of England, and Cardinal
in Caneella. (which I the rather take notice of here, be Proftdet extremis Artoa finibus ora
caufe he is omitted by OnuphriusJ) as the In- Urbs vetm in veteri jafla fubinde nova,
fcription of his feal teftifies. S. Johis tit. SciPT' Romanis Aquilis quondam Ducibufqtie fit-
ad vinculo. Prcsbyteri Cardinalis.~\ perba,
Comment, This Church (as we are told by the Author Quam poft barbarica diripuere manm.
Pii P. P.
lib. 1.
of the Life of JEneai Sihim, Pope Pim the fe- Pitlus atrox, Scotus, Danus, No'rmannus, &
cond, as he had it from the Pope s own mouth) Anglus,
is famous fir its wonderful magnificence and work- Fuhnina in hanc Mortis detonuere fui.
manfbip, and for a lightfome Chapel with glaz/d Poft dims rerum clades, totque afpera fata,
waits united by fmall thin-wafted pillars. This is Blandius ofpirans aura ferena fubit.
the beautiful Chapter-houfe, where the follow- Londinum caput eft, tX rtgni urbs prima
ing verfe is written in golden Letters Eritanni ;

Eboracum a prima jurefecunda •venit.

lit Rofa fios fierum, fie eft Domus ifta Do-

morum. O'er the laft Borders of the Northern
land,
The chief of Houfes, as the Rofe of York's ancient Towers (tho' oft made new)
flowers. command.
Of Rome's great Princes once the lofty
TThe dimenfionsof this Cathedral were ex- feat,
actly taken by an ingenious Architect, and are Till barbarous foes o'erwhelm'd the finking
as follows ftate.
The
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J

o
 885 TORKSHI RE. Eaft- Riding. 886
The FiBs, the Setts, Danes, Normans, Saxons Upon the fame river Oufe, frauds Cavjood,
aCawood.
here Caftle of the Archbifhops, which King A-
Difcharg'd the loudeft thunder of the War. thelftan gave to the Church, as have been
I
But this once ceas'd, and every ftorm o'er- informed. Over-againft it, on the other fide
blown, the river, is feared Rical, where Harold Haar- Rica!.
A happier gale refrefli'd the riling Town. dread landed with a numerous Fleet of the
Let London fiill the julf precedence claim, Danes. From hence the Oufe runs to Seliy, a Selby,
Totk ever (hall be proud to be the next in pretty populous little Town, and famous for
the birth of Henry the firft. Here, William the

Billiop's-
Thorp.

Nun-Aplt-
ton.

K&
-y^

'FafliOxon.
art 2. P768,

Ubid. p.tf 99.

t-Riding,
'arifi.

tile liiuio auu ,

turns again to the fouth, and panes by ^i«B|eftate ; and left an only daughter, married to
R. di
J
 8b'5 TORKSHI RE. Ea ft- Riding. 836
The Piils, the Scots, Dams, Normans, Saxons, Upon the fame river Oufe, Stands Cawood, aCawood.
here Cattle of the Archbifhops, which King A-
Difcharg'd the loudeSt thunder of the War. thelftan gave to the Church, as
I have been
But this once ceas'd, and erery dorm o'er- informed. Over-againft ir, on the other fide
blown, the river, is featcd Rkal, where Harold Haar- Rica!.
A happier gale refreih'd the rifing Town. dread landed with a numerous Fleet of the
Let London Still the jufl precedence claim, Danes. From hence the Oufe runs to Selly, a Selby,
Toik ever fliall be proud to be the next in pretty populous little Town, and famous for
fame. the birth or Henry the firtt. Here, William the
firft, his father, built a Church
in memory of
The
Oufe leaving York, begins here and there St. German, who extirpated
the Pelagian Here-
to be difturb'd with eddies (that whirl of wa- fie in Britain
; notwithstanding rhat, Hydra-
Bi (hop's- ters, call'd Higra,) and fo marches by Eijhops- like,
it had frequently reviv'd. The Abbots
Thorp. T/iorp, that is, the Bishop's Village ; formerly of this,
and of St. Maries at York, were the
called S. Andrew's Thorpe, till Walter Grey Arch only Abbots
of thefe northern parts who hid
bifhop of York purcbafed it, and (to prevent places in Parliament.
TPart of the ancient and
the mifchief uSually done to Bishop's Lands beautiful Church
here, with half of the Steeple,
and Goods by the King's Officers, as oft as any tell down fuddenly, in
the year f 1600, about t March y
See is vacant,) gave it to the Dean and Chap- fix a
Clock on the Sunday-morning, but is fince
ter of York, upon condition that they Should rebuilt.l
At laft the Oufe runs to the Humber, „
always yield it up to his SucceSIbrs. Of
whom, Heaving-EJcriche, which gave the title of Baron
Richard le Scrope, Archbifhop of York (a hot to Sir Thomas
Kniuet. He was Gentleman of
eSJ
furious man, and a lover of Innovations) was the Privy-Chamber
to King James the firft,
in this very place found guilty of High Treafon and the Perfon
intruiled to fearch the Vaults
by King Henry the fourth, for railing a Rj under the Parliament-houfe,
where he difco-
bellion.
ver'd the thirty fix barrels of Gun-powder,
TSouthward from York, is Nun-Apletm,
with the perfon who was to have fir'd the
fo
Nun-Aple-
call'd from a Nunnery founded there by the train
; which Sir
ton. Thomas dying without iffue,
Anceftors of the Earls of Northumberland the title of Lord
Howard of Efaiei was con-
afterwards it was remarkable for being the fe ferred upon Sir Edward Howard,' foil of Thomas
of Thomas Lord Fairfax, General or the Parha-
Howard Earl of Sufalk, who had married the
ment-Army, who merits a memorial here upon eldeft daughter and
coheir of Sir Henry Knitiet;
account of the peculiar refpecf he had for An and having
been enjoy 'd fuccemVely by his two
tiquities. As an inftance whereof, he allow'd a foils, defended from them to
Charles his grandfon,
confiderable penfion to that induftrious Anti- the
prefent Lord. Then it runs! by Drax, a Drax.
quary Mr. Dodfworth, to collea thofe of this little Village, formerly
famous for a Mona-
County, which elfe had irrecoverably periih'd stery, where Phitif de Tollevilla {William New-
in the late wars. For he had but juft finifll'd brigenfis is my Author) had a Cattle, Strongly Si-
the tranfeript of the Charters and other Ma- tuated, in the midif of rivers, woods^ and
nuscripts then lying in St. Mary's tower in marShes which he, relying on the courage of
;
York, before the fame was blown up, and all his men, and the grear Store of arms and
pro-
thofe facred remains mix'd with common duft. visions in the-place, held againft King Stephen :
He preferved the Cathedral at York, when but it was quickly taken and reduced by the
that Garrifon was furrender'd to the Parlia- King. fHere, the benefaction of Charles Read
Fa(liOxon. men t ; and when *Oxford was in the like flare, Efq; (a native of the pSace, and a Judge in Ire-
he took great care for the prefervation of the
•art 2. p.768.
land) ought not to be omitted ; he having
ere-
Publick Library, and bequeathed to it many aed an HoSpital, as alfo a School-houfe, and
Manufcripts, with the Collections aforefaid, endow'd them with one hundred Pounds per
Ibid. p.Soo. which of themfelves f amounted to one hun- Ann]
dred twenty two Volumes at lead.!

EAST-RID ING.
iaSt-Riding
Ajl-Riding, or
where the Pari/7 are Seated by
'arift.
Ptolemy, makes the Second di-
vifion of this County lying
Eaft of York. The north and
weft Sides of it are bounded
by the winding courfe of the
river Derwent ; the fouth by the arftuary of
Humber ; and the eaft by the German Ocea
That part of it towards the fea and the river
Derwent, is pretty fruitful ; but the middle is
nothing but a heap of Mountains, called Yorkef-
wold, that is, fas Some interpret it! Yorkejbire-
bills, fand yet polo, in Saxon, properly Signi-
fies a large Plain -without Woods. The river
Derventio, or as we cail it Derwent, rifes near
the Shore and runs firft to the weft, but then
turns again to the fouth, and pafles by Aiton
the eaSl part, and Malum ; which, becaufe they belong to the
North-Riding of this County, I (hall reierve to
their ^proper places. As foon as the river has
; enter'd this Division, it runs on not far from
the
remains of that old caftle Moutferrant, which
Montfcrranti
belonged formerly to the Foffaris, men Hlftoria
of great
Honour and Ettate. But William Fsjfard f MeluxenSs *
this familybeing in ward to the King, and
committed to the guardianship of William le
Groffe Earl of Albemarle, enraged the Earl fo,
by debauching his Sifter, though he was then
but very young, rhat in revenge he demolished
this caftle f(which Leland fays, in his time,
was clearly defaced, fo as buShes grew
where it-
I had formerly (food,)] and alfo forced the
noble
young Gentleman to forfake his country. Yet
after the death of the Earl, he recovered his
eftate ; and left an only daughter, married to
&. de
 ;

88 7 BRIG ANTES. 888

daughter, men could hardly bear it upon their fhoulders,
R. de Tornham, by whom (he had a
afterwards married to Peter de Malo-lacu i whole a« we are told by Adam Bremenfis. This en-
poflerity, being enriched with this eftate of
the gagement was fcarce nine days before the com-

Fofards, became very famous Barons. ["Of this ing-in of William the Couquerour ; at which
family de Malo-lacu (or as Leland calls them, time the diftolute luxury ot the Englifh feems
Mauley) there where eight who fucceffively en- to have foretold the destruction of this King-
joyed the Eftate, all Peters ; but the laft of dom. But of this we have fpoken already. i n t h e gen(..

thefe leaving only two daughters, the one was The Derwent (which, as oft as it is encreas'd ral Part, iUb
married to Bygod, and the other to Salwayne ; with rains, is apt to overflow the banks, and Tit-Normam.
though the Records of the Family ot Fairfax lay all the neighbouring Meadows a-float )

give us an account fomew'hat different,

That paifes from hence to IVrefhil, a Caftle neatly Wrefluf.
ouilt and fortified by Thomas Percy Earl of
and filter
Conftantia, daughter of Peter the 7th,
and co-heir ot Peter de Malo-lacu, the 8th andWorcefter, [which deferves to be remember 'd

laft Baron, wasmarried to JViHiam Fair- here, not only for it'sitately building, of Square-
firft
Ance-Itone (faid to be brought trom France,) which
fax Efq; by whom he had iflue Thomas,
ftor to the Lords of that name, and after
Leland commends as one of the mofl proper
his

death to Sir John Bygod Knight.l buildings north of Trent but chiefly for a ;

Study in an eight fquare, called Paradifa, which

Mot far from hence, Hands a place feated up-
Kirkhsm. on tne bank of the river, called Kirkham, i.e. he found furnifhed with choice Books, and
the place of the Church ; for here was
a College ot convenient Desks.! Thence it runs more fwift-
Canons, founded by Walter Efpec, a very great ly below Babthorpe, which has given both feat Babthorpe.
man, whcfe daughter brought a vaft eftate b) and name to a famous family of Knights there;
marriage to the family of the Ruffes. Next, but and trom thence into the Oufe. A father and
fomewhat lower upon the Derwent, there flood ton, both of this family (I mull not forget to
calls be juft to their memories, who have been lo fer-
a city of the fame name, which Antoninus
Derventio. Derventio, and makes it feven miles diftant from viceable to their King and Country ) were
York. The Notitia mentions a Captain over [lain in the battel of St. Albans, fighting for
\\Numeri the Company of the Derventienfes under the Henry thefixth, and lie buried there with this
\\

Detventi- General of Britain, that quarter'd here and in Epitaph.

:

f
the time of the Saxons it feems to have been
Jm
"fi

the Royal Village fituated near the river Dore- Cum patre Radulpho Babthorpe jacet ecce Ra-
ventio (fays Bcde,) where Eumer, that Affaffin dulphus
Filius, hoc duro marmore preffus humo
(as the fame Author has it) made a pufh with
his :

Sword at Edwin King of Northumberland, and Henrici jexti dapifer, pater Armiger ejus,

had run him through, if one of his retinue had Mors fatis id docuit, fidus uterquefuit.

not interpos'd, and fav'd his mailer's life with

the lofs of his own. But this place I could ne- The two Ralph Babthorps, father and his
ver have difcover'd, without the light which I fon,

received from that polite and accurate fcholar Together He inter 'd beneath this ftone.
Robert Marfhall. He fhewed me, that at the One Squire, one Sew'r to our fixth Henry
diftance from York which I mention'd, there Was
5
Both dy'd both in their matter's
js a little Town feated upon the Derwent
call'd i'th field,
caufe.
Auldby. Auldby, which fignifies in Saxon, tfo old habi-
tation where ;fome remains of Antiquity are
ftill to be met with and, upon the top of the
;
Now the ("(for the making of which
Derwent,
hill towards the river, the rubbifh of an old
navigable to the river of Oufe, an Act. of Par-
Caftle fo that this cannot but be the Derven-
:
liament pafs'd in the firft year of the reign ofCap. xx.
* Gale Itine-t'O- l~A late * learned Author makes it alfo the Queen Anne)! glides on with a larger flream
near Howden, a market-town, remarkable nei-Howden.
rar. p/24. Petuaria o£ Ptolemy, which he fuppofes to havt
been added by him and by the Notitia (where nor reforr, but for giving name
ther for neatnefs
neighbouring territory, which from it is
co the
they fpcak or Peturienfe Derventione) to dlftin-
guifh this from the other Derventio's ; and, as Howdenflme ; and f not long fince, for a-f So faid,
call'd

it appears that neither Ptolemy nor Ravennas. little Church of five Prebendaries, toann. 1607.
Collegiate

who mention Petuaria, do fay any thing ot which a houfe of the Bifhops of Durham ad-
Derventio ; fo it is certain that in Ravennas, this joins, who have large pofleffions hereabouts.

Petuaria {lands in the very place that Derventio Walter Skirlaw, one
of them, who flouriiVd
(as we find in the book of
doth in Antoninus, i. e. between Eboracum and about the year 1390.
Delgovhia. And whereas the termination Va Durham) built a very tall fieeple to this Churchy
ria always implies a ford or pafs, it is plain, that in cafe of
a fudden inundation, the inhabitants
[It was formerly
that there hath been fuch an one near this might fave themfelves in
it.

Auldby.'] call'd Hovedene-, as is plain from feveral Records

the river flows through Standford- in the time of Edward the fecond and Edward
From hence
* Lelaud's calling the*
which, from a battel fought there, is al- the third, as alfo from
bridge, It!lli jyrg,

but not by the common firft Canon of the place John Hovedene. Here
fo call'd Tby writers,
("So we find it named in the bowels of Walter Skirlaw Bifhop
of Durham
Battel-brWgc. people,! Battle-bridge.
the Infcription on Ib j d>
MoruflAngl. an Infirument concerning the Translation ot were bury'd, as appear'd by ||
^
Tom.i.p.334*0/u7ff ; which, fpeaking of this place, adds, a very fair ftone varii marmorU, as Leland calls
verb Pons Belli dichur, i. e. at prefent it it.
Nunc The fame perfon had good caufe to build
is call'd Pons Belli or Battel-bridge^ For here :
that high Belfrey, in order to fecure them
Harald Haardread the Norwegian (who with againfl Inundations; inafmuch as the feveral
a Fleet of two hundred fail had annoy M this Commiffions which have been ifiu'd out for re-
Kingdom, and from his landing at Richal had pairing the banks thereabouts, argue the great
marched thus far with great outrage and de- danger they were in and within thefe few
:
_

•
vaftation) w as encounter'd by King Harold of
r
years, theEbb, by reafon of great treflies co-
England who, in a pitch'd battel here, flew
:
ming down the Oufe, broke through the banks,
him and a great part of his army, and took fo and did confiderable damage both to Howden
much gold among the fpoil, that twelve young and the neighbouring parts. Here, the Lon-
doners
 .

88 9 TORKSHIR.E. Eail-Ridlng. 890

doners keep a Marc every year, beginning about In Nechum's time, there were no Towns
the fourteenth of September, and continuing upon this iEvbnary ; though before, and in after-
about nine days ; where they furnifh, by whole- ages, there flouriih'd one or two in thofe parts.
{ale, the Country Tradefmen with ail forts of In the Roman times, not far from its bank up-
Goods.l on the little river Foulmffe (where Wighton, awighton.
Metbam. Not far from hence is Metham, which gave fmall town, but well-Bock'd with husbandmen,
name and feat to the ancient and famous fami- now Hands,) there feems to have formerly flood
ly of the Methams. TUpon the Moors in this Delgoviiia ; as is probable both from the like-Delgovitia.
neighbourhood, hath been difcover'd a Roman nefs and the figniheation of the name, without
Pottery, where their Urns were made, about a drawing any further proof from its diflance
mile from the military High-way and pieces ; from Dervemio. For the Britifh word Delgwe
of broken Urns, and cinders, are found up for rather ddelwf] fignifies the Statues or Images
and down there And at Joule, nigh the
: of the Heathen Gods and in a little village
;

meeting of Dun and Humber, have been dug- not far oft", there flood an Idol-Temple, which Bede,
up fubterraneous Trees, fuppos'd to be Fins; was in very great honour even in the Saxon
„,., -r _ -
Ffiii. i rani. * . . ,1
which appear, by the remaining roots and other
-
11 times, and, from the Heathen Gods in it, was
n. 223.
circumilances, to have been natives of the then call'd God-mimdingham, and now in the
Place.! fame fenfe, Godmanham. Nor do I queftion, Godmanham;
The Oufe, grown more fpacious, runs with but here was fome famous Oracle, even in the
fwift and violent flream into the iEftuary Britifh times when bliudnefs and ignorance A Temple
JEfluary of a
;

jibus. Abus, the name by which it is exprefs'd in had betray 'd all Nations into thefe funer-°fthe Gods,,
Ptolemy but the Saxons, and we at this day,
: ftitions. TA late learned Author thinks it was
Humber. call it Humber and from it, all that part of
; a Temple of the Druids, fuch as IVeightelberg
the country on the other fide, was in general in Germany, and that in the wood Deirwald
call'd Nordan-humbria- Both names feem to be (which he derives from Derwen an Oakj were
derivatives from the Britifh Aber, which ligni- their Groves.l But after Paulinus had preach'd
fies the mouth of a river, and was perhaps ''ho had
given Chrift to the Northumbrians Coy'fi

to this by way of excellence, becauie the Vrm or been a Priefl of thefe heathen Ceremoni tid

Oufe, with all thofe ftreams that fall into it,

and was now converted to Christianity, firft propha-
many other considerable rivers, difcharge them- ned thisTemple, the Houje of impiety (as Bede
felves here. fBut although the Abus and the tells us) * by throwing a fpear into it ; nay de-* ja ; z $ 9
Humber be generally look'd on as one and the firoy'd, and burnt it, with all its f fences. fBut lancea.
fame; yet Ptolemy's "AS©- feems to be a cor- here it is to be obferv'd, that proper cover d-v&p
1 '*-

rupt Greek reading of the old name Oufe, ra- Temples appear not to have been erected for
ther than to have fprung from the Britifh Aber. the fervice of thofe Pagan-Idols, which the Sa-
It is plain, however, by that expreffion, "A£« xons here worfhip'd.
O" deftruxit eat, Polluit
* Bede, * Lib.2.
woT htCahouy i- e. the emptying of the river Abus, quas ipfe facraverat, ades, fays the Latin c.13;

that he meant, the river had that name before ipeaking ot this Coyfi (i.e. he polluted and de-
ever it came to the Out-let.] It is, without Itroy'd the Temple which himfelf had confecra-
queftion, the moil fpacious yEfluary, and the ted ;) where the Saxon-Pa raphrafe ufes the
belt ftor'd of any in that Kingdom. word pigbeb, or (as fome Copies have it) peo-
with fiih,

At every tide, it flows as the lea does, and at ple pxj- barpenan gylbe]- ; implying not a Tem-
ebb returns its own waters with thofe borrow'd ple, but an Altar, as is evident from the Saxon
from the Ocean, with a vafl force and noife, Tranllation of the f Gofpels. No, they were* Mat. v. 23;
and not without great danger to failors and only furrounded with a hedge to defend their xxlii. iS, 19.
paflengers. Hence Necham : ditches from the annoyance of cattel ; as is fuf-
ficiently intimated by another expreffion in the
FluUibus aquoreis Nautis fufpetyw Humber iame Chapter, <X)\b beona begum pe bi ymb-
Dedignans urbes infers, rura colit. yezze p*£pon, i. e. with the hedges wherewith they
were jurrounded.
Humber, whom more than feas the Pilots Not far from Wighton, is Holme, from which Holme.
fear, the Loyal Sir Marmaduke Langdale, had the ti-
Scorning great towns, doth through the tle of Baron Langdale of Holme, confer' d upon

country fleer. him during the Exile of King Charles the fe-
cond ; being the firft Englifhman that was ad-
The fame Author, following the Britifh hi- vanced to the dignity ot a Peer by that Prince.
flory, as if the Humber deriv'd this name from Alfo Londesburgh, in this neighbourhood, gives Lpndesburg.*
a Ring of the Hunns, continues : the title of Baron Clifford ot Latisbrough to the
Earl of Burlington, who has here one of the
Hunnorum
princeps oflendens terga Locrino, noblefl feats in this part of South-Britain. Eli-
contulit Humbris aqux.
Submerfus nomen zabeth, Countefs of Burlington (daughter and
fole heir of Henry Earl of Cumberland) found-
J

The Hunne's
great Prince by Locrins arms ed and endow d here an Alms-houfe for twelve
fubdu'd, aged perfons, being decay'd Farmers, &cA
Here drown'd, gave name to Humber s mighty Somewhat moreeaftward, the river HuUxwas
aood. into the Humber : the rife of it is near a vil-
lage call'd Driffeild, remarkable for the monu- Dnffeild,
Another Poet alfo fays of the fame river ment of Alfred, the moft learned King of the
:

Northumbrians; and the

Iikewife for many
Dum fagit, obftat ei fiumen, fubmergitur Barrows rais'd hereabouts. The fame river runs
illic, with a fwift courfe, not far from Leckenfield, Leckenfleld.
Deque fuo tribuit nomine nomen aqua. a houfe of the Percies Earls of Northumber-
land i near which, at a place call'd Sclmburg, is
Here ftopt in's flight by the prevailing the habitation of a truly famous and ancient
flream, family, the Hothams ; and at Garthum, the ruins Gar churn,
He fell, and to the waters left his name. of an oldcaftle, which belong'd to P. de Mauley,

5 u The
 a ;

«£I BRIG ANT ES. 892

The Hull
river approach
begins now to HOC LOCO, ET INVENTA SVNT
Beverley. Beverley, in Saxon BeUep-le^a, ( which Bede H.EC OSSA IN ORIENTALI PARTE
feems to call Momfierhtm in Deirwaud, that SEPVLCHRI ET HIC RECONDITA, ET
is, the Monaflery in the wood of the Deiri,)
From its
PVLVIS CEMENTO MIXTVS IBIDEM
a town., large and very populous.
name and fituation, one would imagffl it to be INVENTUS EST ET RECONDITVS.
Petuaria. the * Petuaria Parijiorum ; though it pretends to
* Vid. In Englifh thus.
nothing of greater antiquity, than that John
Auldby,
before. firnam d de Beverley, of Archbifhop York (

man, as Bede reprefents him, both devout and In the year of our Lord 1188. this Church
learned) when, out of a pious averfion to thewas burnt in the Month of September, on the
night following the Feafl of St. Matthew the
world, he renounced his Bflhoprick, retir'd hi-
ther; where, about the year 721, he died. Apoflle; and in the year 1197, on the fixth
Life of Jo. The memory of this man was fo facred among of the Ides of March, Inquifition was made af-
de Beverley. oul Kings (particularly Athelftan, who honour a ter the Reliques of St. John in this place, and
-

him as his Guardian-Saint after he had defeat- thefe bones were found in the eafl part of the
ed the Danes,) that they endow 'd this place Sepulchre, and were buried here and there ;

with many considerable Immunities. They alfo, Duil mixed with Mortar, was found, and
Afylum, granted it the privilege of a SanBuary, to be buried.
an inviolable protection to all Debtors, and
perfons fufpected of" Capital Crimes. Within Crofs over this, lay a box of lead, about fe-
it flood a Chair of ilonc, with this Infcription
ven inches long, fix broad, and five high ,-

wherein were feveral pieces of bones, mix'd

H~.EC SEDES LAPIDEA Freedflocll with a little dull, and yielding a fweet fmell
DICITUR, i. e. PACIS CATHEDRA, AD as alfo a knife, and beads. AU thefe things
QVAM REVS FVGIENDO PERVE- were carefully re-intcr'd in the middle Alley of
NIENS OMNIMODAM HABET the body of the Minller, where they w'ere ta-
SECVRITATEM. ken up. But a Seal, which was alfo found there-
in, w'as not re-inter'd with the reft, but came
That is, into the poifefiion of a f private hand. Which -f Marim-
account agrees not with what Bifhop Godwin duke Nelfon,'
'This Stone-feat is call'd Freedftooll, /'.
e. the has left us about this Saint ; namely, that lie
Chair of Peace, to which what Criminal foever flies was bury'd in the Church-porch. For though
hat full protection. what is mentioned in the Infcription was only
a Re-interment upon the Inquifition made, yet
looks a little ftrange, that they fhould not lay
By this means, the Town grew to a consi- it

derable bignefs ; Grangers throng'd thither dai- the Reliques in the fame place where they found

ly, and the Towns-men drew a chanel from tht

them : unlefs we folve it this way, that but
-.. • river HuB, for the conveyance of foreign com-
part of the Church was then Handing, and they
modifies by boats and barges. The Magi- might lay him there with a defign to remove
Hull.
strates were firil, twelve Wardens, which were him when it fhould be rebuilt, but afterwards
that chang'd to Governors and War- either negle&ed or forgot it.
after
dens. But at this day, by the favour of Queen TheMinfler here, is a very fair and neat
Structure ; and the roof, an arch of Stone.
Elizabeth, the Town has a Mayor and Governors. In
["The place was call'd formerly Beverlac, quaft it, are feveral Monuments of the Perries Earls
locus vel locus Caftorum, a Calloribus quibu. of Northumberland, who have added a little
* Vid* Mo- H
li ^a a
1 m
vuina abundabat (fays Leland * from Chapel to the Quire ; in the window whereof
are the Pictures of feveral of that family, drawn
nart. Angl. an old Anonymous Manufcript concerning the
1. 1. p. 170. Antiquities of Beverolac or Beverley,) i. e. from in the glafs. At the upper-end of the Quire,
on the right-fide of the Altar-place, flands the
Cafiors, with which that river abounds ; and
beforemention'd, made of one entire
the fame Manufcript informs us, that it had a Freed-ftool
Church before the time of John of Beverley, de- Jlone (faid to have been remov'd from Dunbar
in Scotland,) with a Well of water behind it.
dicated to St. John the Evaiigclill ; which that
Archbifhop converted into a Chapel tor his new- At the upper end of the body of the Church,
erefted Monaflery.
next the Quire, hangs an ancient Table with
of St. John (from whom the Church
Sept. 13.
In the Year 1664. upon opening a Grave, the pictures
Vault is nam'd ) and of King Atheljlan the founder
they met with a of fquaredfree-flone, fif-
of it : and, between them, this Diflich ;
teen foot long, and two toot broad at the
head, but at the feet a foot and a half broad.

Within it, was a fheet of lead four foot long, Als free make I thee,

and in that, the afhes, and fix beads (whereof As heart can wifls, or eghcanfee.

three crumbled to dull with a touch j and of

Hence, the Inhabitants of Beverley pay no
three remaining, two were fuppos'd to be Cor-
Toll or Cuilom in any Port or Town in Eng-
nelians,) with three great brafs pins, and four
large iron nails. Upon the fheet, lay a leaden land ; to which Immunity (I fuppofe) they owe
in a great meafure their riches and ffourifhing
Plate, with Infcription :
this
condition. For indeed, one is furpris'd to find
fo large and handfome a Town within fix miles
^ ANNO AB INCARNATIONE DO- of Hull. In the body of the Church ftands an
MINI MCLXXXVIIL COMBVSTA FV- ancient Monument, which they call the Virgins
1T H.EC ECCLESIA IN MENSE SEP- Tomb, becaufe two Virgin-fillers lie buried
TEMBRI, IN SEQVENTI NOCTE POST there ; who gave the Town a piece of Land,
FESTVM SANCTI MATH^I APOSTO- into which any Free-man may put three milch-
kine from Lady-day to Michaelmas. At the low-
LI ET IN AN. MCXCVIL VI. IDVS
:
er end of the body of the Church, flands a
MARTII FACTA FVIT INQVISITIO fair large Font of Agate-ftone. Near the
RELIQVIARVM EEATI JOHANNIS IN Minfler, on the fouth-fide, is a place named
Hall-garth,
 R

8p 3 TO RKSHI E. Easl-Riding. 894

HaU-gmth3 wherein they keep a Court: of Re- (which was firfl call'd Wik) obtain'd it, by
cord call'd Provofi's Court. In this, may be try'd way of exchange, of the Abbot de Meaux
; and

Canfes for any Sum., arifmg within its Liberties, inftead of the Vaccavii and Bercarii (that is, as
which are very large ; having about a hundred I apprehend, Cribs for Cows and Sheepfolds) which
towns and parts of towns in Holdemefs and he found there, he built the Town call'd King-
other places of the Eafl-Riding belonging to flon, that is, the King's Town and there (as the ;

it. It is faid to have alio a Power in Criminal words of the Record are) he
made a harbour
and
; though
Matters at prefent that is not us'd. a free burgh, making the inhabitants
of it free bur-
to come to the condition of the Town. It gejfes,
But and granting them divers liberties. TThe
above a mile in lengthy being of late much walls, and town-ditch were made by leave from
is

improv'd in its buildings ; and has pleafant King Edward the fecond, but Richard the fe-
Springs running quite through it. It is more cond gave them the prefent harbour. In the
especially beautified with two ilately Churches 33d year ©f King Henry the eighth, a fpecialCap.33;
;

and has a Free-fcbool, that is improv'd and Aft of Parliament palled concerning the privi-
encouraged by two Fellowships, fix Scholar- leges of Kingflon upon Hull ; and in the 7th Cap. iS,
3
fhips, and three Exhibitions in St. John's Col- year of the fame Prince, it was by Aft of Par-
lege in Cambridge, belonging to it, befides fix liament alio erefted into an Honour ; and in the
Alms-houfes, the largeft whereof was built by 9th ycarot King William, the inhabitants were
the Executors ot Michael Wharton Efq; who by enabled, by the fame Authority, to erect work- Cap. 47;
his laft Will left one thoufand Pounds for that houfes, and houfes of Correction, for the em-
ufe. The Mayor and Aldermen (having fome- ployment and maintenance of their poor.l
times been deceiv'd in their choice) admit none By degrees it has grown to fuch a Figure,
into their Alms-houfes, but fuch as will give that tor ftately buildings, ftrong forts, rich
Bond to leave their effects to the poor when fleets, refort of merchants, and plenty of all
they die which is mentioned here, as a good
: things, it is the mofl celebrated Mart-town in
example to other places. thefe parts. All tin's tncreife is owing, partly
The principal Trade of the Town, is, ma- who, upon his advance-
to Michael de la Pole,
king of Malt, Oat-meal, and Tann'd-leather; ment to the Earldom of Suffolk by King Ri-
but the poor people moltly fupport themfelves chard the fecond, procur'd them their privile-
by working of Bom-lace, which of late has met ges ; and partly to their trade of Ifeland-fifh dry'd

with particular encouragement the children

; and harden 'd, and by them call'd Stock-fijh Stock- fifb. :

being maintained at School, to learn to read,
and to work this fort of lace. The Cloth-
trade was formerly follow'd in this Town ;
f Itln. MS. but | Leland tells us, that even in his time it
was very much decay 'd. They have feveral
Fairs ; but one more efpecially remarkable, be-
ginning about nine days before Afcenfion, and
kept in a Street leading to the Mi niter-garth
call'd Londoner-fir eet. For then the Londoners
bringdown their Wares, and ft oufh the Coun-
try Tradefmen by whole-fale.
About a mile from Beverley to the eaft, in a
Failure belonging to the Town, is a kind of
Spaw ; tho' they fay it cannot be judg'd
which has ftrangely enrich'd the Town. Im-
mediately upon this their rife, they fortify'd the
place with a brick-wall and many towers on
that fide where they are not defended by the
river ; and brought in fuch a quantity of flones Coblefiones.
for ballaft, as was fufficient to pave all the
parts of the Town very beautifully. As I have
been informed by the Citizens, they were firfl:
govern'd by a Warden, then by Bailiffs, and
after that by a Mdyor and Bailiffs ; and at laft
they obtain'd or Henry the fixth, that they
fhould be govern'd by a Mayor and Sheriff, and
that the City fhould be a County incorporate of
it felf. Concerning theMayor, let it not
firfl

by the tafte whether or no it comes from any be tedious to relate this paffage, from the Re-
Mineral Yet, taken inwardly, it is a great
:
gifter of the Abbey de Melfa or de Meaux, tho'
dryer ; and being waih'd-in, it dries fcorbu- the flile be barbarous. William de la Pole, De la Pole,
tick fcurf, and all forts of fcabs ; and alfo, very Knight, -was firfl a Merchant at Ravens-rod ; skil-
much helps the King's-Evil.l ful in the arts of trade, and inferior to no Englijb
Regift. Mo- More to the eafl, flourifh'd Meaux-Abbey, fo Merchant whatever. Afterwards, living at King-
raft,de from one Gamell born
nam'd at Meaux in flon upon Hull, be wa& tlx firfl Mayor of that
Meaux,
France, who obtain'd the Place of William the Town, and founded the Monaflery of St. Michael,
Conqueror for a Seat. Here William le Grofs, which now belongs to the Carthufiau Monks, near the
Earl of Albemarle, founded a Monallery tor [aid Kingflon. His eldefl Jon Michael de la Pole,
Monks of the Cfuniack Order, to compound
Earl of Suffolk, caus'd the faid Monaflery to be in-
for a vow which he had made, to go in pil-
habited by that Order. William de la Pole aforejaid
grimage to Jcrufalem. Somewhat lower, ftands lent King Edward many thoujand pounds of gold,
Cottirgham. Cottingham, along Country-tovn, w here are the during his abode at Antwerp in Brabant.
:

In confe-
ruins of an old Caftle, built (with King John's deration whereof, the King made hint chief Baron of
Efiotevill. permiilion) by Robert Eftoteuill, who was def- his Exchequer, gave him by Deed the Seigniory of
cended from Robert Grundebeofe a Norman Ba- Holdemefs, with many other Lands then belonging
ron, and a man of great note in thofe times; to the Crown, and made him a Baneret. If anv
whofe eflate came by marriage to the Lords de one qutflion the truth of this, the Records of CI.
'

$. E.R.. 3;
Wakey and afterwards by a daughter of John de the Tower will, I hope, fatisfy him : there, it «i. 28.

Wake to Edmund Earl of Kent, from whom is exprefsly, William <& la Pole dile'clus, valelhis,
defcended Joan, wife to Edward the warlik.- & mercator nofier. Now Valetlus (that I may ob- Valeftus or
Prince of Wales, who defeated the French info ierve it once tor all) was then an honourable title Valettus.
many Engagements. The river Hull, about fix both in France and England, but afterwards J- Tll ' uia
miles from hence, falls into the Humber. Jufl came to be apply'd to fervants ; upon which, the
at its mouth, ftands a Town, call'd from Nobility ditlik'd it, and the title was changed,
Kingflon Kingflon upon Hull Tin all writings of concern- and he was call'd Gentleman of the Bed-chamber.
upon Hull
ment
1 but common ly, Hull.
.
The Town is It is a Town, as hath been faid, very confi-
i

of no great antiquity for King Edward the derable for Merchandife ( being the Scale of
;

whofe royal virtues defervedly rank him trade to York, Leeds, JSIottingham, Gainsborough,
firfl,
Plac an. among the greatefl and bell of Kings, having and feveral other places,) as alfo for importing
44
Ebor 'obferv'd the
2
3* advantagious fuuation of the place goods from beyond fea. And (to ipeak now
 ;

8 95 BRIG ANTES. 8 9 <5

I of more modern Improvements) they have,
its they make Sails, with which the Town drives
convenience of managing their
for the better a good trade. In the midft of this room,
Trade, an Exchange for Merchants, built in hang^ the effigies of a native oi Gromland,
it?:!, and much beautify 'd in 1673. Above with a loofe skin-coat upon him, fitting in a
that, is the Guftam-houfe ; and near thele the fmall boat or Canoe cover'd with skins; and
Wool-houfe, made ufe of formerly, without all having his lower part under deck. For the -

doubt, tor the felling and weighing of Wool, boat is dtck'd or cover'd above with the fame
as well as Lead ; but now only lor the latter, whereof it is made, having only a round hole
when it is to be fold or fhip'd -here. On the fitted to his body, through which he puts
eaft-fide of the river, is built a ftrong Citadel, down his legs and lower parts into the boat.
begun in the year 168 1, and including the He had in his right-hand (as I then thought)
Cattle and fouth Block-houfe. It hath conve- a pair of wooden oars, whereby he rowed
nient Apartments tor lodging a good many Sol- and managed his boat and in his left, a dart,
;

diers, with diftinct houfes for the Officers with which he ftruck riffles. But it ap-
it has alfo an engine for making falt-water pearing by the Supplement to the North-Eaft
frefh, and is well-furnifh'd with Ordnance. But Voyages lately publifh'd, that they have but
yet the ftrength of the Town confifts not fo j one oar about fix foot long, with a paddle fixf This had
much in it's walls or fortifications, as it's fi- inches broad at either end I am inclin'd to but one ion g
;

tuation : for all the Country being a perfect think, that, the boat hanging fo high, I° ar» w Jich
WaSbrokCD '
level., by cutting the fea-banks they can let in might bemiftaken. The fame Book hath
the flood, and lay it under water five miles given us an account of their make to which ;

round. I refer you. This, on his forehead had a

The Town hath two Churches, one c.ill'd bonnet, like a trencher, to fence his eyes from
Trinity ( or the High-Church) a very fpacious fun or water. Behind him lay a bladder or
and beautiful building ; on the fouth-fide ot bag of skins, in which I fuppofe he beftow'd
the Quire whereof is a place now alter'd from the fifh he caught. Some told us, it was a
a Chapel into a neat Library, confifting moftly bladder full of oyl, wherewith he allured the
of modern Books. For before the Reformati- fifh to him. This is the fame individual
on, it had twelve Chantries or private-Mafs- Canoe that was taken in the year 161 3. by
Chapels on the north and fouth-fides of the Andrew Barker, with all its furniture, and the
Quire ; and at the weft end of the Church- boat-man. The Groenlander that was taken,
yard, is a row of houfes", twelve in number, retus'd to eat, and dy'd within three days af-
which to this day retains the name of Prieft- ter. I have fince {ten feveral of thefe boats
row. The other Church is St. Mary (or Low- in publick Town-houfis and Cabinets of the
Church) fuppofed to have been the Chapel Roy Virtuoft. Here, I cannot but refled: upon and '

al,when King Henry the eighth refided here ; admire the hardinefs and audacioufhefs of
and the Steeple whereof the fame Prince is faid thefe petty water-men, Who dare venture out
to have order'd to be pull'd down to the ground, to fea fingle in fuch pitiful veffels as are not
becaufe it fpoiled the profpeftof his houfe over- fufficient to fupport much more than the
Ann, i^jg.^gainft it, wherein he had his refidence for weight of one man in the water, and which
fome months ; but it is now of late rebuilt, ifthey happen to be overturn'd, the rower
charge of the Inhabitants. Near the
at the muft needs be loft. And a wonder it is to
High-Church, is the Free-fchool, firfl founded me, that they fhould keep themfelves upright,
by John Akock Bifhop of Worcefter, and then if the fea be ever fo rough.
little It is true,
of Ely; and in the year 1583. built by Mr. the dafhing of the waves cannot do them
William Gee ; with the Merchants Hall over it, much harm, becaufe the Canoe is cover'd
North-weii of the faid Church, is the Trinity- above, and the skin-coat they have upon them,
houfe, begun at firft by a joint contribution ot keeps off the water from getting in at the
wefl-difpofed Perfons, for the relief of diftref- round hole, receiving and encompaffing their
fed Sea-men and their wives. But afterwards, a body.
Patent was obtain'd from the Crown with fe- A little above the bridge (which confifts of
veral privileges ; by the advantage of which fourteen arches, and goes over into Holdermfs)
they maintain many
Sea-men, with diftreffed Hands the Groenland-houfe, built in the year
their widows, both
and other places,
at Hull, 1674. at tne i°'mt charge of feveral Merchants;
members of the Port of Hull. The Govern- but by reafon of the bad fuccefs of that trade,
ment confifts of twelve elder brethren, with it is now only employed for the laying up of
fix Affiftants out of the twelve, by the ma-
:
corn and other merchandife. At a little di-
jority of them and of the fix Affiftants, and ftance from this, is God's-houfe, which, with
God's- lion le,'
the younger brethren, are annually chofen two the Chapel over-againft it to the north, was
Wardens ; and two Stewards out of the younger pull'd down in the late Civil wars, for prevent-
brethren. Thefe Governours have a power to ing inconveniences when the Place was befieg'd.
determine matters, in Sea-Affairs, not contrary But now both are built again, and the houfe
to Law, chiefly between Mafters and Sea-men ; is enlarg'd ; and the Arms of the De la Poles,
and alfo in Tryals at Law, in Sea-Affairs, their being round among the rubbifh cut in ftone,
judgments are much regarded. But here, take are now fet over the door, with this Infcription:
an accurate defcription of this Houfe, as it was Deo &
pauperikis pofuit D. Michael de la Pole.
*34r. Bay. given by a curious and ingenious * Perfon, A. D- 1384. i. e. Michael de la Pole founded
who actually view'd it. ' The Trimty-Houfe this for God and the Poor, A. D. 1384. The
* belongs to a Society of Merchants, and is en-
Chapel over-againft it is built on the old foun-
c
dow'd with good revenues. There are main- dation, with this Infcription over the door
* tain'd thirty poor Women call'd Sifters, each Hoc facelluvi Deo pauperibus pofuit D. Mich, de &
c
of whom hath a little chamber or cell to live la Pole An. Do. 1384. quod ingruente hello civili
* in. The building confifts of a chapel, two dirutum 1643. tandem au'eiius inftauratum fuit
1
rows of chambers beneath ftairs for the 1673. Rkardo Kitjon S.T. B. Rettore domus Dei
* and two rooms above ftairs one, in
filters, ; fuper Hull. i. e. Michael de la Pole built this
c
which the brethren of the Society have their Chapel for God and the Poor A. D. 1384,
* meetings ; and another large one, wherein which, at the beginning of the Civil wars
Ana,

i
 YORKSHIRE. EaH-Riding. 898
Ann. 1643- was pull'd down, but rebuilt in a fliuguifh it from Deina-»al6, now the IVolds.
the Country may feem ra-
more ftately manner Ann. 1673. Richard Kit- Though, after all,

T. B. being Rector of God's-houfe above ther to have had name of diftmction given this
Jen, S.
Hull. Near this Chapel, to the eaft, is built it from the river Hull, which panes through
it, than (as Holland, both in Lincolnfhire, and
a new Hofpital for the better reception of the
poor belonging to this houfe ; the other being beyond fea) from hoi, oavus or hollow. The
not large enough to contain all the poor, toge- Seigniory of Holdernejs belongs to the right ho-
ther with the Mafter and his family. This nourable Robert Vifcount Dunbar ; and the

new one hath over the door ; Deo pauperibus & town ot Hedon finds him a prifon for rhofe who
pcjuit Michael de la Pole. Hm omnes reparata da- are taken in the Liberty ot Holdernefs, till they
mus perduret W- Ainjwortb, ReBor, An. can be fent to the Caftle of York. The fame
in annos.

Dom. 1663. Michael de la Pole built this town finds him a Hall, wherein he holds a
i.e.

for God and the Poor. Being thus repair'd Court call'd Wapentak-Court, for tryal of Actions
;

may it for ever Hand. W. Aiufwcrth, Rector under forty fhillings.l

A.D. 1S63. The firft place we come to, on a winding
Without the walls, weftward of the town fhore, is the fore-mention 'd Headon, which Headon.
(if we believe fame, that always mag-
{lands the Water-houje, which at fii'ft came from formerly
fuhmi-Well it appearing by
i
an Inquilition nifies) was a very coniiderable place for mer-
made in the 3d ol Henry the fourth, that the chants and {hipping. For my part, I have faith
drawing a new Sever from thence to the town enough to believe it {(there being the remains
through the meadows and paflures of Anlabie. of two Churches, betides the one which they

would be no damage to the King or any other ftill have,)l notwithstanding ir is now fo de-
'

perfon. But in the latter end of the faid Kin; cay'd (partly by its nearnefs to Hull
the Haroour is bloc!
veign, upon a motion to fupply the town from ly becaufe ..... it

thence, it was confider'd, that part of the has not the leaft fhew
ot the grandeur it pre-

fpring defending from the Priory of Haltemfrifl tends to

have had which may teach us, that ;

could not be done without licence from the the condition of Towns and Cities is every
it

Pope ; and fo the Grant thereof was feal'd to jot as unftable as that of Men. King John
the town from Rome in the year 141 2. under granted to Baldwin Earl of Albemarle and Hol-
After- dernejs, and to bis ivije Haiuis, free Burgage here,
the hands and feals of three Cardinals.
might hold in jree burgage by
ward, the courfe of that fpring altering, and fo that the Burgeffes
running into the grounds of Sir John Barring- the fame cujloms -with Tork and* Nichol. fin St.* Nichol
ton, the town was fore'd to come
to a compo- Aufiins, the prefent Church, are the pictures Lincoln,
lition with him.
of a King and a Bifhop, with this Infcription
The Mayor of this town hath two fwords (much the fame as that, which we meet with
the one given by King Richard the fecond, and at Beverley,)
the other, which is the larger, by King
Henry
the eighth, yet but one is born before him at
a Als free make I thee,

time: alfo a Cap of maintenance, and another As heart may think or eigh Jee.~\

Enfign of honour, vk.. an Oar of Lignum-mtt-

w'ood, which is a badge of his Admiralty
with- At t prefent, the Town begins to flourifh again, . So &icJj
in the limits of the Humber. The Poor are and has fome hopes of attaining by degrees ann. 1607'
extraordinarily provided for in this place ; there its former
greatnefs. {The old Haven nigh the
being grown up, there is a new cut
being feveral confiderable Hofpitals erefied by- town,
private Benefafiors befides ;the two famous made on the fouth-eaft, which helps to fcowre
ones of "trinity and Charter-houje. that part of the Haven now left ; but without

The town hath given the honourable title of any hopes of rendring it fo ufeful as formerly
Earl to Robert Pierpoint of Holme, Vifcount New- it was.
In the year 1656. a great part of the

ark, created July 25. 4 Car. I. who was

fuc- Town was confum'd with fire ; and not many

ceeded by Henry his fon, created alfo Marquifs years fince,

feveral houfes in the market-place

of Dorchcfter, March 25. 1645. during life futfer'd the fame

fate but now the greateft :

only. Which Henry, dying without iffue-malc, part is rebuilt, and the town thereby render 'd
was fucceeded in the Earldom, by Robert Pier- much more beautitul. Of late years they have
point, fon of Robert, the fon of William Pier- ^rown in
wealth more than formerly ; which
fuppos'd to be owing principally to the fe-
point of Thowersby ; who dying unmarry'd, left is
this honour to William his brother
and heir ; veral Fairs procur'd for them. The Inhabitants
and he alfo dying without ifl'ue, it defended have a tradition, that the Danes deftroy'd this
to Evelyn his brother ; who hath been further town ;
and there is a Clofe belonging to it,
advanced to the higher Honours of Marquifs call'd Dauesfield to this day.l
of Dorchefter, and Duke ofKingfton.l
Somewhat farther on the fame Promontory,
From Hull, a large promontory fhoots out {lands an ancient Town cali'd Premium byprstoriuni.
into the Sea, call'd by Ptolemy Ocellum, and by Antoninus, but by us, Patrington ; as the Ita- Patrington.
Ocellum.
A certain Monk has lians call'd Petrovina from the Town Prtetorium.
Holdernefs, us at this day Holdernejs.
call'd it Cava Deira, that is to fay, tbe bollow That I am not
miftaken here, the diff ance from
Delgovitia, and the name ftill remaining, do
Country of tbe Deiri, in the fame feme that Ccelo-
hcall'd, that is, the hollow Syria. Til both fhew ; which alfo feems to imply, that
fyria is
this is the * Petuaria that is corruptly fo call'd* Vid.
hath afforded the title of Earl, firft to John
in the Copies of Ptolemy, for Pra-torium. But AuHby,
Ramjey Vifcount Hardingnn, created Dec. 30,
whether it took the name from the premium, P a S- 88 7'
18 Jac. 1. who dying without ifl'ue, the title
wasconfer'd Jan. 24. 1543. upon Prince Rupert which was their Court of Juftice, or from fome
large and ftately edifice (ror luch alfo the Ro-
Count Palatine of the Rhine. Since which
time, the right honourable Comers D'Arcie hath
mans call'd Pretoria,) does not appear. fBe-
in which title fides thefe two acceptations of Pra-torium, there
been created Earl of Holdemefs ;

is a third which feems to give the molt probable

he was fucceeded by Comers his fon, and Robert ;

The true ancient writing reafon why Antoninus fliould call our Patring-
his great grandfon.
of the name Hol-nein-nerre, as much as to
is
ton, Pratoriwn : I mean, the General's tent in their

promontory of Hol-oeipe, fo call'd to di-

ordinary encampments in which fenfe the mod
;
lay, the
5 X learned
I
8 99 B RIG ANTES. 900
J + De Milit. learned t £</>/<« has fhown it to be us'd. And to have a proportionable
th m:iy ftem
deduction made in the
To 41
'" ' S ro fome more agreeable to the Rating. Whereupon,
P Commiflioners were ap-
'
' Roman affairs in Britain, than either of the pointed to make enquiry concerning it who
* Gale, Id- other two nullifications but * a late judicious
;
;
'd that a third part of certify
"""• p 2S Author ftill believes it moll probable,
'
'
their lands were
that it totally deflroy'd by the
tides and thereupon,
was a Place where Juftice was done between the :

King illued out his Precept to the AlTef-

Merchant and Merchant. 1 lors and Colledors to
The Inhabitants boaft of their antiquity, were aflefs fuperfede, &c. and they
d according to their moveables at
and of the former excellence of their harbour
1 1.6 s. 8 d. for each
of the two years.
;
He al-
nor may they lefs glory in their fituation, ha-
fo lent his Mandate to the
ving a very pleafallt profpefl, on one fide Barons of the Ex-
as chequer, commanding that
looking toward the Ocean, and on the other, neither then, nor
as on the like occahon for the
future, they fhould
furveying the Humler and the ihores about
it, be rated at any greater
fumra. The like Man-
together
with the green skirts of Lincohifhire. date was
directed to the Colfeflors of Woofl
The Roman way from the Pifts wall, which the in
Eaff-Riding, for a proportionable
Antoninus the Emperor firft trac'd out, ends to the abatement
Inhabitants of the town of
here. So Ulpian tells us, That High-ways of Fnsmerk
In the i<5th of Edward the
that kind do end at the fea, or at a River, third, among
or other Towns in Holdernefs bordering
Winfted. on the Sea
at a City. Somewhat lower ftands Winfted, the and Humber, mention
is made of Tharlethorp,
Seat of ihp Hildeards, Knights and a little Redmayr,andPenyfthorp ; but now
:

higher, Roffe, which gave both name and not one of them
feat is to be heard of. At what time precifely
Barons of to that famous race of Barons
de Roffe : and they were loft, does
RoMe. not appear; but about the
upon the fea, Grimflon-garth, where the Grimftms 30th
Grimfton of Edward the third, the tides in
the ri-
longflourilh'd. At a little diflance from hence, vers of Humber and
Hull flow'd higher by four
flands Rife, formerly the feat of thofe Noble-
foot than ulual it is likely, therefore, that ;
men, who were call'd de Faulamberge. On the they
might then be overflow'd. Probably alfo,
very tip of this Promontory, where it draws
about the fame time, Ravenfere (which
Raycrrfpur molt towards a Point, and is call'd feems
Spumhead, to be the fame with Ravenfpur,
and Ravens- &2nds the ,;„,,,
v ;„ age A>&
lhews pkuniy that this is the Ocellum in Pto- tally
^ . ^.^ ^^ and Ravewbmg)
was much damnify 'd, and not long after
to-
Kellnfey. loft. The Inhabitants hereabouts talk of
lemy for as Kellnfey comes from Ocellum,
:
fo two other towns, Upfall and
without doubt Ocellum is deriv'd from T-kill, Potterfleet, which
are quite deftroy'd. About the 38th of Ed-
which fignifies in Britifh a Promontory, or a nar- ward
the third, the Lands and Meadows
row/lip of ground, as I have already faid. be-
TUp tween Suicote-fteel and Hull were much
on the Spurnhead (the utmoft part of the Pro- flow over-
d ; ^ when probably Ravenfere was greatly
montory) call'd by fome Canny-hill, is a Light-
damnify 'd (as it was afterwards entirely
houfe built in the year 1577. by one Mr. loft )
Ju- and the town of Dripool, with the adjoyning
jlinian Angel of London, who had
a Patent for grounds, were alfo very much
it from King Charles the fecond
damnify 'd at
; and in the which town, it is faid they of
year 1584. a Day-mark was alfo ereSed, being Ravenfere de-
fign d to fettle, but were fore'd
a Beacon with a barrel on the top of to go to Hull.
it.l Likewife before, about the 30th of Edward
From Ocellum, the fhore draws back gradu-
the third, the High-way betwixt Anlaby
ally, and with a fmail bending and
runs northward, Hull, as alfo the Grounds
by Overthorne and Witherenfey, two little Chur- and Paftures lying
between both thefe places and Heffel, were all
ches, call'd from the fillers who
built them, drown'd ; but the faid King
SiKenkirks, Sifters-kirk
by his Letters Pa-
and not far from Conflable-Burtan, tents
;

Conflable.
order'd feveral perfons to fee that an old
fo nam'd from the Lords of it,
who by mar- ditch thereabouts fhould be drefs'd, and a new
riages are ally'd to very honourable families,
one (twenty-four foot broad) fhould be made,
and flourifh 111 great fplendour at this day.
and the way rais'd higher ; which was accord-
Robert of this family (as we find it in the ingly efte&ed.l
book of Meaux-Abbey) Knights oj-mas one the
of Near this Bay, is Bridlington, a town famous
the Earl Albemarle BridlinztotT
; who being old and full of for John de Bridlington
of '

a Monkifh Poet, whofe

days, took upon him
the Crofs, and went with King
rhyming prophecies, which are very ridiculous,
Skipfey. Richard Holy Land.
to the
Then, by Skipfey, I have feen ; [and yet he has to this
day, in all
which Drugo the firft Lord of Holdernefs tor-
that neighbourhood, the reputation of a Saint.
tify'd with a Caftle. Here the fhore begins to And very juftly too, if all
the mighty things
fhoot again into the Sea, and makes that Bay.
were ttue of him which Nicholas Harpsfield in
+ in which is call'd in Ptolemy
Falfely,
t E.V*, Gabrantovi- his Ecclefiaftical Hiftory has related,
ftme Copies, Mn m and
, which fome Latin Trallllators ren- vity and aflurance.
,
withgra-p ,„
Mr. William Hufler (grand-
Sfiiu7°Saluta-
der/>"'"°-/i"^'B "' and ° tb s Salmans. Nei- "
father to Sir William Hufler) was a confidera-
ther of them exprefles the fenfe of the Greek ble
taris. Benefaftor to this Town ; and in the iSth
* Receflu word better than that little town in the return
of Charles the fecond Richard Boyl Baron
of it, call'd Suerby. Clif-
Suerby. For that which is fafe ford, &c. .was created
Earl of Bridlington or
and tree from danger, is by the Britains and
Burlington ; in which title he was fucceeded
Gauls call d Seur ; as we alfo call it in Eng- by
Charles his grandfon ; and it is now enjoy'd by
llfh, deriving it probably from the Britains. a great grandfon of both his
names, the right
There is no reafon therefore why we fhould
honourable Richard Earl of Burlington. For
queftion, whether this was the very
Gabranto. of the Gabrantovici, a People that liv'd in this
repair
--r of
- the
-•"- -~-~
Piers of
". this M^,
place, two leverai
11110 ^iak.c, —
feveral
Ads of Parliament have been obtain'd, in the 8 W.
-
»ici. neighbourhood. Tin thefe parts of Holdernefs, Gm '&
reigns of King William and King Gcorge.l '
there have been feveral towns fwallow'd up
by Not far from hence, for a great way towards
Frffme.k. the Humber and the Sea. Fnsmerk particularly ; Drifield, a ditch was drawn
by the Earls
which, upon the grant of a tenth and
fifteenth of Holdernefs to divide the Lands, call'd
to the King about the 18th of Earls-
Edward the dike. But why this little People was call'd
third, reprefented to the King and Ga-
Parliament brantovici, I dare not fo much as conjecture,
how much they had fuft'er'd by the Sea and unlets
perhaps the name was taken from Goats,
River, breaking in upon them,
and petition'd which the Britains call Gaff, an, and of which
thete
 . :

cpoi TORKSHIRE. Eafl-Riding.

there arc not greater numbers in any part of whether the word in Newbrigenfis were
J by
Britain, than in this place. Nor is this deri- " mifiake of the Scribe, and change of a letter,
vation to be look'd on as abfurd, feeing that " put in dead oi Gipfeys
; or
whether Vipfep
JEgira in Achaia has its name from Gnats Ne-
" were the original name, and in
;
procefs of
brodes in Sicily, from Deer ; and Bteotia in " time chang'd into Gipfeys, I know not cer-
;
Greece, from Oxen. The little Promontory ' tain it is, they are this day call'd
Gipfeys: of
which by its bending makes this Bay, is com- " which Dr. Wittey in his
Scarborough-Sfaw
monly call'd Flamborough-head, but by Saxon " writes, that they break out in the
Flambo- wolds or
rough. Authors Fleambupg who write that Ida the
; downs of this Countty, after great rains,
Ida. Saxon (he who firft fubdu'd thefe parts) landed
" and jet and fpout up water to a great heighth.
here. Some think it took the name from a Neither are thefe eruptions of Springs, pro-
Watch-tower, in which were Lights for the di- " per and peculiar to the wolds
of this Coun-
rection of Sailors into the Harbour. For the try, but common to others alfo, as Dr. Chil-
Btitains full retain the Provincial word Flam, " drey in his Britannica
Baconica witnelleth in
and the Mariners paint this Creek with a fla " thefe words. Sometimes there
breaks water,
ming-head, in their Sea-Charts. Others are ot " in the manner of a fuddain
Land-flood, out
opinion, that this name came into England " of certain Hones that are
like rocks Handing
out of Angloen in Denmark, the ancient Seat of " aloft in open fields, near the
rifing of the ri-
the Angli there being a town call'd Flemsburg. " ver Kinet in Kent
;
; which is reputed by the
from which they think the Englifh gave it that " common people a fore-runner
of dearth and :

name ; as the Gauls (according to Livy) nam'd " Newbrigenfis faith the like of the
Gipfeys, that
Medialanum in Italy, from the town Mediolanum " the flowing of them is
faid infallibly to por-
which they had left in Gaul. For a little vil- " tend a future famine. So,
we fee, thefe
lage in this Promontory Flamborough
is call'd Gipfeys do not come at fet times, every other
which gave original to another noble family of " year, as Newbrigenfis would make
us believe,
Conftabks, by fome deriv'd from the Lacks Con- " but only after great gluts of rain,
Ccnfiabks and lading
of Flam- ftables of Chefter. [Going from Bridlington we " wet weather ; and never happen
but in wet
borough. come to the Marr, a water pretty deep and al- " years and moreover, that they :
always por-
Marr. ways freih, about a mile and a half long, and " tend a dearth, not as a Divine
indication
half a mile broad, well-ftor'd with the bell " or forewarning, but by
a natural fignificancy
Pikes, Perches, and Eels. Whether it has been " it being well known, that cold
and wet
caus'd at firft by fome Earth-quake with ai " Springs and Summers mar
the Corn, and do
overflow that might follow it, is hard to fay " almofi conftantly and infallibly
induce a
but they tell you, that there have been old " dearth thereof in England; which
a drought,
trees feen floating upon it, and decay 'd nuts " how lading foever
it be, hath never in my
found on the fhore. And it is certain, that in " memory been oblerved to do.
the Sea-cliffs againft Hornfey, both have been " If any be lo curious as to enquire,
how a
met with : at prefent alfo there is (or was, not " glut of rain comes to caufe fuch
a fpringing
long fince) a vein of wood, looking as black as " up of waters ? I anfwer,
that there are here-
if it had been burnt ; which poifibly has been " abouts, in the
wolds, and in like places
occaflon'd by the Sea-water, as preferving wood " where fuch jets happen,
great fubterraneous
better than freih-water, and by its faltnefs (and " bafins or receptables of
water, which have
confequently greater heat) helping to turn " ilfuing out from their bottoms, or near
them,
black. Upon the Coaft of the German Ocean " fome narrow fmall veins or chanels reaching
is Hornfey, the Church-fteeple whereof, being " up to the furface of the earth. So, the
Hornfey. ;

wa-
high broach or fpire, is a notable Sea-mark " ter in the bafin lying
much higher than the
though now it is much fallen to ruin, and the " place of eruption, by its
weight forces that
Inhabitants are fcarce able to repair it. Not " in the veins upward, and makes it fpout up
many years ago, there was a fmall ftreet ad- " to a great height ; as is evidently
feen in
joyning to the Sea, call'd Hontfey-ieck, which is the Lacus Lugeus, or Zirclmitz,er-Sea : in
now wafh'd away, except one or two houfes ; which this fpouting up of water happens
and about Skipfie before-mention'd, a few miles every year after the rains are fallen in the
north of Hornfey, they have a tradition, of i Autumn. Thefe fuddain and intermittent
town call'd Hide being devour'd by the Sea fountains or eruptions of warer have a parti-
Rudllon. More inward into the Land, is Rudflon, where, cular name in Kent as well as Yorkfliire,
in the Church-yard, is a kind of Pyramidal- " being there call'd
Nailbourns^
flone of great height. Whether the name of As the Shore winds it felf back from hence, a
the town may not have fome relation to it, thin flip of land (like
a fmali tongue thruil out)
can be known only from the private Hiffory of fhoots into the Sea,
fuch as the old Englifh
the place ; but if the ftone bear any refemblance call'd File ; from which the
little village Filey
to a Crofs, Rob in Saxon doth imply fo much.] takes its name. More inward Hands Flixton,
Upon my enquiries in thefe parts, I heard where a Hofpital was built in the time of A-
.Vipfeis. nothing of thole Rivers (call'd Viffeis) which thelftan,for defending Travelers from Wolves
Walter de Heminburgh tells us, flow every other word for word, in the * Publick » jc„;j
(as it is,
s Ar.
year from unknown Springs, and with a great Records) that they filould not be devoured by them, cbivit.
and rapid current run by this little Promontory This fhews, that in thole times, Wolves infe- Wol»es.
to the Sea. However, take what William of New- fted this tract, which now are to be met with +Both Wolves
borough (who was born there) has faid of them : in no part of
England, not fo much as in the '" d wlu
Thefe famous -waters commonly call'd Vipfeis, break frontiers of Scotland
; although in that King- ""
'r 1

cut of the earth at feveral fources, not incejfantly, dom they are
f very numerous. wholly dt-
but every cither year, and having made a
ftrong This fmall territory of HoUernefs was given ftroyed in
current, run through the lower grounds into the
Sea. by William the firft to Drugo de Bruerer a Fle- that K '""-
When they are dry'd, it is a good Omen, for the ming, upon whom alfo he had
beftow'd his^™'
flowing oi them is truly faid to for bode the mifery fj™*
0/ niece in marriage ; but flic being poifon'd by Brit.
p. 2°. 9.
an approaching famine. TConcerning thefe, take him, he was forc'd
to fly for his life, and was Earls ofJttbt-
the account of the pious Mr. Ray. " Thefe fucceeded
by Stephen the fon of Odo, Lord of"™ * mla *' l ''' ,

" I''pf'P> or fuddain eruptions of water

Albemarle in Normandy, defcended from the^™*;^.
familytioua:!'
 ;

mmmKumum^^m I

9°3 BRIG A NT ES. 904

family of the Earls of Champaigne, whom Wil- wards Edward Plantagmet, fon to the Duke of
liam the firft ( his nephew by a half lifter York, in the life-time of his father. Hen-
on the mother's fide ) is faid to have made ry the fourth alfo made his fon Thomas, Duke
Earl of Albemarle ; and his posterity retained of Clarence and Earl of Albemarle ; which
that title in England, notwithstanding Albe- title King Henry the fixth added afterwards
marle is a place in Normandy. He was fuc- a farther honour to Richard Beauchamp Earl
*LeGrofs. ceeded by his fon William, ftrnam'd * Crajfm. of Warwick. TAiter the faid Richard de Bean-
His only daughter Avis was married to three champ, the title lay vacant, till, upon the Re-
husbands iuccuffively : to William Magnavill ftoration of King Charles the fesond, George
Earl or Effex, to Baldwin de Beton, and to Wil- Monk (who had been the chief Inftrument there-
liam Forts, or de Fortibm. By this laft husband in) was advanced to the Honours of Baron
only ihe had iflue, viz,. William, who left alfo Monk of Potheridge, Beauchamp, and Teyes, as 12 Car.
a fon William to fucGeed him. His only daugh- alfo of Earl olTorrington and Duke of Albe~^u bl*
Gibbofus. ter -A^^h being
II
married to Edmund Crouch- mark. Who departing this Life in 1669, was
|1

back Earl of Lancafter, dy'd without iflue fucceeded in his Eflate and Titles by Chriflopher
"

And fo (as it is faid in the his fon and heir.

Book of Meaux- But he dying without iflue,
Abbey) of heirs, the Earldom of Albe
for want King William the third beftow'd the title of
Earl of Albemarle, upon Arnold Jooft van Kep-
marie and the Honour of Holdemejs -were fei&ed in-
to the Kings hands. Yet, in after-times, King pel, defcended from an ancient Family of the
Richard the fecond created Thomas de IVood- Nobles of Gelderland whofe Son and Heir doth ;

fieck his Uncle, Duke of Albemarle ; and after- now enjoy that Honour.!

NORTH-RIDING.
CARCE two miles above the due'd the Nobility of England, who during the
Promontory of Flamburoiv, be- loofe reign of King Stephen, had impair a the
gins the North-part of this revenues of the Crown ; but especially this Wil-
Country or the North-riding liam of Albemarle, who had lorded it over
;

which makes the frontier to 11 thefe parts, and kept this Place as his
the other parts. From the own.
Sea it extends it felf in a very TThe Town, on the North-eaft, is fortified
long but narrow tract, for threefcore miles to- with a high and inacceffible rock, ftretch'd out
gether, as far as Weftmorland, to the weft a good way into the Sea (as Newbrigenfis fays,)
;

being bounded on one fide, by the river Der- and containing at the top about eighteen or
went,and for fome fpaceby the lire; and on the twenty acres of good Meadow and not near ;

other fide, all along, by the courfe of the river fixty, as the fame Writer adds. Whether the
Tees, which feparates it from the Bifhoprick of difference lie in the feveral meafures of Acres

to the North. This Riding may not or the greater part of it be wafh'd away by
Durham
unfitly be divided into the following parts, the Sea ; or the number be falfe, and owing to
Blackamore,Cliwland, Northalvertonfkire, and Rich- an error of that Hiflorian ; I (hall not difpute,
fince the matter of fact is plain. * TheSpaw-*
mondfhire. Di-.ip-vmVa
That which lyeth Eaft and towards the Sea, Well is a quick Spring, about a quarter of a Defcription of
Blackamore, that is, a land black and ile South from the Town, at the foot of an Scarborough'
is call'd
mountainous, being all over rugged and unfigbt- exeeding high cliff; arifing upright out of the ,yi" ' w
ly, by reafon of craggs, hills, and woods. The Earth like a boy ling pot, near the level of the
Sea-coaft is eminent for Scarborough, a famous Spring-tides, with which it is often overflown.
6ceap-bup5, i.e. a Bourg
Caftlc, formerly call'd It is of that fort of Springs, which Ariilotle
upon a fieep Rock : Take the defcription of it calls 7rif?*V ttWss-, which in the moll droughty

from the Hiftory of William of Newburgh. A years are never dry. In an hour, it affords a-
rock of wonderful height and bignefs, and inacceffible bove twenty four gallons of water : for the
by reafon of Jleep craggs almoft on every fide, ftands ftones through which it flows, contain more
into the which quite furrounds
Sea ; it, except in one than twelve gallons, and being emptied every
place, where a narrow flip of land is the entrance to morning, it will be full within half an hour.
it on the Weft. It has on tlie top a phafant plain, It's virtue proceeds from a participation of Vi-

graffy and fpaciom, of about * fixty acres or up- triol, Iron, Alum, Nitre and Salt ; to the fight
* See below.
wards, and a little f vjell of water, fpringingfrom it is very tranfparent, inclining fome what to
f See below.
a rock. In the very entrance, which one is at fome a sky-colour : it hath a pleafantacid tafiefrom,
Tunis re* pains to reach, ftands a Jlately tower ; and beneath the Vitriol, and an inky fmeil.
\\
This Town
||
gia. the entrance the City begins, fpreading its two fides drives a good trade with Fifh taken in the Sea
South and North, and carrying its front Weftward, hereabouts, with which they fupply the City
where it is fortified with a wall ; but on the Eaft it of York, though thirty miles diftaiit. Befides
isfencd by that rock where the Caftk ftands ; and Herrings, they have Ling, Codfift), Haddock. Hake,
laftly, on both fides by the Sea. William, firnamd Whiting, Mackrel, and feveral other forts, in
le Grofjfe, Earl of Albemarle and Holdernefs, ob- great plenty. From this place, Richard Vifcount
Lumley hath his title oi Earl of Scarborough ;
serving this place to he fitly jituated for a Caftle, en-
aeafed the natural ftrength of it by a very coftly to which he was advanced in the fecond year
work, having enclofed all that plain upon the rock of King William and Queen Mary.1
with a wall, and built a Tower But It is not to my purpofe, to relate the defpe-
in the entrance.
this being decay d and fallen through age, King Hen- rate boldncfs of Thomas Stafford, who (that he

ry the fecond commanded a great and noble Caftle to might fall at lead from great attempts) furpn'z'd
be built upon the fame fpot. For he had now. re- this Caftle in Queen Mary's reign, with a ve-
 1[1 AlliiuiH of- time

'i,

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9°5 YORKSHIRE. North-Riding. 906

17 fmall ot French, and kept it for
number a quarter of a mile afunder, which are called
two days nor yet of Sberleis> a noble French-
: his Bum. This noted robber lies buried in the

man of the fame company, who was arraign'd Park near A* irk-lm- Nunnery in the Weft-ri-
for High Treafon, although a foreigner, beeaufe ding, under a Monument which remains to
"Via. Dicr. he bad a'rted contrary to the duty of his Allegiance ; this day.l
"44- there being then a Peace between the Kingdoms From hence the fiiore, immediately going
of England and France. Thefe things are too back on both fides, fhews us the Bay DunusDixmm.
well known in the world, to need further light finm, mentioned in Pcolemy, upon which is
from me r e fpecially, fince the Caftle it felf is feated the little village Dunefly
; ; and hard byDunelley,
nowin Ruins ; having been demolished in the it, IVhitby Ta commodious harbour, which hath Whitby,
time of the great Rebellion.! It is worth re- Sixty Ships ot eighty Tuns or more, belonging to
marking, that thofe of Holland and Zealand it j with a Peer, for the rebuilding and reDan-i""
carry on a very great and gainful trade of fifh- of which, an Act of P*»H
fii.a -
ing in the Sea here for Herrings (call them in
The gainful Latin Haleces, Leucom&vJ" n
'

trade of ,„„,, « "

Teife,

Robin He
Bay.
 -
r*
 ;

9°5 TORKSHIRE. North- Riding. 906

ry fmall of French, and kept it for a quarter of a mile afunder, which are called
number
two days nor yet of Sherleis, a noble French- his Butts. This noted robber lies buried in the
:

man of the fame company, who was arraign'd Park near Kirk-lees-~b<uimer.y in the Weft-ri-
for High Treafon, although a foreigner, becaufe ding, under a Monument which remains to
Vid. Dicr. he had deled contrary to the duty of his Allegiance this day.!
;

144. there being then a Peace between the Kingdoms From hence the fhore, immediately going
of England and France. Thefe things are too back on both fides, fhews us the Bay DunusDanum.
well known in the world, to need further light finm, mention'd in Ptolemy, upon which is
from me ; fefpecially, fince the Caftle it felf is feated the little village Dunefly J and hard by Dunefley.
now in Ruins ; having been demolished in the it, Whitby Ta commodious harbour, which hath Whitby,
time of the great Rebellion.! It is worth re- fixty Ships of eighty Tuns or more, belonging to
marking, that thofe of Holland and Zealand it; with a Peer, for the rebuilding and repairing
carry on a very great and gainful trade of Hill- of which, an Ait of Parliament was pafs'd in the
ing in the Sea here for Herrings (call them in firft year of Q
Anne. It is call'd! in the Saxon
The gainful Latin Haleces, Leucomenida, Chakides, or what tongue fapeaner-beale, fand 6cpeo-nerbeat,!
trade of fter t hey have, according to an- which Bede renders, the bay of the Watch-tower.
Herring y 0U p] ea { e ; J a
cient Cuftom, obtain'd Licence for it from this I will not dilpute this interpretation of it
lifliing. J
Caftle. For the English always granted leave tho in our language it feems fo plainly to in-
for Fifhing ; referving the Honour to them- timate a bay of Safety, that I fhould certainly
felvesj but out of a lazy humour reiigning the have faid it was the Sinus Salutaris, if its fitua-
gain to others : it being almoft incredible, tion (as the Geographer makes it) did not per-
what taft' gains the Hollanders make by the fwade me to the contrary. [But others ob-
Fifhery on our Coaft. Thefe Herrings (par- ferve, that it is call'd in Saxon, not 6cpeanep-
don me if I digrefs a little, to fliew the good- beale, but 6t:peoner-balb, as it is in the Saxon
nefs of God toward us) which in the time of Paraphrafe of B-.dc, and alfo in the beft Latin
f So faid, our | Grandfathers fwarm'd only about Copies. And therefore Mr. Junius in his Go-
i
ann. 1607.
Norway, do now, in our times, by the bounty thick Glolfary under the word Alh, feems to
of divine Providence, fwim in great fhoals hit the true original, when he fetches it from
round our coafts every year. About Midfum- the Saxon bxl, bal, or bealb ( call'd by Cxd-
mer, they draw from the main Sea towards the mon alh) which, like our Northern word Hall
coaft of Scotland, at which time they are im- ftill in ufe, lignirics any eminent building- Hence
mediately fold off, as being then at their belt. the name of the Pagan God Woden's Valhol (or
From thence they arrive on our coaft s ; and Valhaul,) fo frequently mention'd in the Edda,
from the middle of Auguft to November, there and other old Cimbrian Writers and Crantzius :

is excellent and moft plentiful fifhing for them, fetches the name of the City of Upfal from the
all along from Scarborough to the Thames-mouth. fame original.]
Afterwards, by ftormy weather they are carried Here are found certain Stones, refembling
into the Britifh Sea, and are there caught till the wreaths and foldings of a Serpent the
Stony-Ser- ;

Chriftmas ; thence having ranged the coaft of ftrange troheks ot nature, which (as one lays)p en ts,
Ireland on both fides, and gone round Britain, fhe forms for her diverfion, after a toilfome ap-
they return into the Northern Ocean, where plication to ferious bufinefs. For one would
they remain till June ; and after they have caft believe that they had been Serpents, crafted o-
their fpawn, return again in great fhoals. This ver with a cover ot ftone. Fame afcribes them
relation puts me in mind of what I have for- the power of Hilda's prayers, as if fhe had Hilda,
Hexameron, merly read in St. Ambrofe : Fifo, in prodigious transformed them. TDr. William Nicholfon, the
L 5. c. 10. numbers, meeting as it were by common conjent out prefent learned and worthy Bifliopot Derry in
Ireland and late of Carlifle (who has made large
of many places from feveral creeks of the Sea, do in
one united body make towards the blafls of the Obfervations upon the Natural Rarities of thefe
* Aquilo. * North-eafi wind, and by a kind of natural inftinB parts) affirmsthem to be the fame with thofe
fwtm into the northern feas. One would think which the Modern Naturalifts call Corntta Am-
when he fees them as it were climb the main, that rnonis. Whether they be original productions
fome tidewere approaching ; with futh violence do of Nature, or petrify 'd Shell-fifties of theAfow-
they rufb on and cut the waves, cu they go through tilous kind, has been very much
controverted
the Propontis to the Euxine Sea. But to return. by feveral Learned men on both lides. But he
[This and Hull being the only Ports fhort of is of opinion, that they are rather fpiral petri-
Yarmouth, where Lite and Goods can be fecured fications produe'd in the Earth by a lort offer-
in ftrefs of weather, the Peer here is roain- mentation peculiar to Alum-mines. Hence,
tain'd at the publick charge by an fmpofition they are plentifully found in the Alum-pits ax
upon Coals from Newcafile and Sunderland. And Rome, Rochel, and Lunenburgh, as well as in thofe
the Mariners have erected a Hofpital lor the of this Country and it may be, that Kein-
:

Widows of poor Seamen, which is well main- fbam, and other parts of England, where thefe
tained by a rate on Veffels, and by certain de- Stones are found, would afford Ukewife good
ductions out of the Seamen's wages. ftore of Alum. The particular method of ma-
At Harwood dale-, near Scarborough, Sir 'Tho- king it in this place, is fully defcrib'd by
mas P oft humus Hobby, Lord of the Manour, and Mr. Ray, in his \ Collellion of Englifb words.'] f p a g.
1

Margaret his wife, built a handfome Chapel,
and endow'd it with the great and fmall Tythes.
which the Minifter now enjoys.!
From hence the fhore is craggy, and bends
Teife, riv. inward as far as the river 'Teife ; and by its
winding, there is made a bav about a mile
Robin Hood's broad, which is call'd Robin-Hoods- Bay > from
- founded in this place, of which her felfwas the
that famous Out-law Robin Hood. He liv'd in
the reign of Richard the firft, as Jo. Major a
Scotchman informs us, who Miles him the Prince
0/ Robbers, and the moft kind and obliging robber.
[Upon the adjacent Moor, are two little Hjlls,
201.
TheforementionM.ffi/i/fl,in the infancy of the
Saxon Church, withftood, to the utmoft of her
power, the Tonfure of the Clergy, and the ce-
lebration of Eafter after the Roman manner,
in a Synod which met about thefe matters, An.
66^, and was held in the Abbey which file had
firft Governefs ; fif indeed fuch a Synod was
really held here, which the filenceof King Al-
fred's Paraphrafe, and of the Saxon Chronicle,
nders fufpicious.! It is alfo afcribed to the
fanftityof Hilda, that thofe wild Geefe ("which Geefe(lrop _
5 Y M ping down.
 ;

9°7 BRIG ANTES. 908

in winter fiie in great flocks to the unfrozen the Gagates, which was valued by the Ancients
lakes and rivers in the fouthern parts,) to the among the rareft {tones and jewels. It grows
great amazement of every body, tail down fud- upon the rocks, within a chink or cliff of them;
denly upon the ground, when they are in their and before it is polifh'd, looks reddifh and
flight over certain neighbouring fields herea- rufty, but after, is really (as Solinus defcribes
bouts a relation that 1 fhould not have given, it) Diamond-like, black and fhming.
: Of Others are of
it had not received it from feveral very cre- which, Rhemnius Patemon, from Dionyfius, P lnion that
I '

ur
dible perfons. But they who are lets inclin'd writes thus :
? ?": cc f
is a tort ol

to fupernition, attribute it to fome occult qua-

~
f Difinfur, lity in the ground, and to fomewhat of f an Prafulget nigro fplendore Gaga-
tipathy between it and the Geefe, fuch as they tes,

fay is between Wolves and Scylla-roots. For, Hie lapis ardefcens auflro perfufm aquarian.
that fuch hidden tendencies and averfions as Aft oleo perdens jlammas, mhabile vifu,
Sympathy we call Sympathies and Antipathies, are implan- Attritus rapit hie teneras, ceu fuccina, fron-
and Antipa ted in many things by nature for their prefer- des.

is a point fo evident, that every body

thy.
vation,
readily allows it. Edelfteda, daughter of King All black and (hilling is the Jeat,
Olwin, afterwards enriched this Abbey with In water dip'd it flames with fudden
very large revenues and here alfo fhe buried
;
heat.
her father. But at length, in the time of the But a ftrange celdnefs, dip'd in Oyl, re-
Danifh Ravages, it was utterly destroyed ; and ceives ;
although Serb Percim (who prefently after the And draws, like Amber, little flicks and
Conqueft was made Governour of it ) rebuilt leaves.

it, yet at this day it has hardly the remains

ot

itsancient greatnefs. fin the Church-yard, are Likcwife Marbodntus in his Treatife of Jew-
a vaft number of ancient funeral Monuments, els :

(Tome Statues, others with plain Croffes upon

them) which were removed from the adjoyning Nafcitur in Lycia lapis, prcpe gemma Ga- &
Abbey .1 gates,

Hard by, upon a fleep Hill near the Sea Sed genus eximhtm feccunda Britannia mit-
(which yet isbetween two that are much high- tit ;

Duke iVada, er) a Caftle of IVada a Saxon-Duke is faid to Lucidus & niger eft, levts & Uviffimas
from whom have flood ; who (in that confufed Anarchy of idem :

the family oftne Northumbrians, fo fatal to the petty Frin- Vtunas paleas trahit attritu calefa&us,
ge Waits de - ccs ) iiav i n g combined with thofe that murder'd Ardet aqua lotus, reftinguitur untlits olivo.
1B1
digree. "King Etberedy gave battel to King Ardulpb at
Whalley in Lancashire, but with fuch ill fuccefs, Teat-ftone, almoft a gemm, the Lybians
that his Army was routed, and himfelf forced find,

to Afterwards, he fell into a

fly. Diftemper But fruitful Britain fends a wondrous
793.
which kill'd him, and wasinter'd on a hill here kind ;

between two folid Rocks about fevtn foot high; "Lis black and fhining, fmooth and ever ~>

which being at twelve foot diftance from one light,

Wadefgrave.
another, occafions a current Opinion, that he 'Twill draw up Straws, if rubb'd till hot V,

was of a gyant-like ftature. A

long time after, and bright, 1

Peter de Malo lam built a Caftle near this place, Oyl makes it cold, but water gives it ]

which from its grace and beauty he nam d in heat. -J

French Moultgrace (as we find it in the Hiftory

of Meaux ) but becaufe it became a heavy
j
Hear alfo what Solinus fays la Britain,there :

grievance to the neighbours thereabouts, the great flore of Gagates or Geate, a very fine
people (who have always the right of coyning Stone. If you ask the Colour, f it is black and fa-^N-growfrt*
words) by changing one fingle letter, call'd it ning; if the quality, it is exceeding light if the na- meuSt :

Moulgrave' Moultgrave by which name it is every

;
where ture, it bums in water, and is quenched with oyl ;
Caftle.
known, though the reafon thereof is little un- if the virtue, it has an attraclive power when beat"
Barons de ^fi^od. This Peter de Malo-lacu, commonly ed with rubbing. fAll along thefe fhores, the
Malo-lacu.
ca [j e j p/[au jey (that I may fatisfie the curious people are obferved to be very bufie in making
in this point) was born in Poiffou in France of Kelp ; which
they do in this manner. They
:

and married the only daughter of Robert dt gather the Sea-wrack, and lay it on heaps ; and
"furnbam in the reign of Richard the firft, ir when it is dry, they burn it. While it is burn-
whofe right he came to a very great inheri- ing, they ftirit to and fro with an Iron-rake :
tance here, enjoyed by feven Peters, Lords de and fo it condenfes and cakes together into fuch
Malo-lacu fucceffively, who bore for their Arms, a body as we fee Kelp to be, which is of ufe in
a bend fable in an Ejcocheon Or. But the feventh making of Alum. If they fhould not ftir it, it
dying without iflue, the inheritance was divi- would burn to afhes as other combuftible bo-
ded by lifters, between the Knightly families of dies do.l
the Sahains and Bigots. ^Mulgrave hath given From Wlntby the fhore winds back to the
the title of Earl to Edmund Lord Sheffield ot weftward and near it ftands Cliwland, fo call- Qivelantf,'
;

Butterxmck, who was Lord Prefident of the ed, as it fhould feem, from precipices, which
North, and created Earl of this place Feb. 7 we call Cliffs for it is fituated by the fide of
:

in the firft year of K. Charles the firft. He feveral fteep hills from the foot of which the
;

was fucceeded by Edmund, his grandchild by Country falls into a plain eaven fertile ground.
Sir John Sheffield his fecond fon ; to which Ed- ("The Soil is exceeding clayie, which hatli occa-
mund, John his fon and heir fucceeded ; who fioned this Rhyme among them
hath been further honoured with the titles of
Marquifs of Normanby and Duke of the Coun-
ty of Buckingham, and Normanby. \
Cliwland in the clay,

Near this place, and elfewhere on this fhore ;

Bring in two Soles, and cany one away.
Geate.
found Black Amber or Geate. Some take it to be
Gagates. This
 :;

9°9 YORKSHIRE. NortfcRiding. pro

This trad has given the title of Earl to keep them oft, by cafting-up fand and gravel
"Thomas Lord Wentiuorth, created Feb. 7. 1 Car. with their- hinder feet. They are not in fuch
1, who 3
dy d without ifiue-male, his Son 'Tho- awe of W
omen ; fo that the Men who would
mas Lord Wentivorth dying the year betore him. take them, dilguife themfelves in Womens
In the 22 th year of K. Charles the fecond, the habit. 'Here are upon this Coafl yellowifh and
title ot Dutchefs of Cliveland was conferred reddifh. Stones, and fome crufted over with
upon Barbara ViUiers, daughter to the Lord Vif- a britv.fh fubftance ;which by their fmell and
count Grandijon, and, at her death, defcended tafte refemble Coperas, Nitre, and Erimftone
to Charles, the prefent Duke.l and alfo great (lore of Pyrites, in colour like

Skerrrave. Upon the fhore, Skengrave, a fmall Village, Brafs.

thrives by the great variety of Fill* which it Near, at Hmuly Nabb> the (hore (which fornuntly
* So laid, takes
; that. * feventy a long way together has lain open ) now rifes Nabb.
where, it is reported
J Sea-man, who
years ago they caught a
ann. 1607. lived into higli rocks ; and here and there, at the
A Sea-man.
upon raw
fifh for fome days but at laft, ta- bottoms of the recks, lie great flones of feveral R oun(i
;
-) Horninem
maj'tniim.
king his opportunity, he made his efcape into fizes fo exactly form'd round by nature, that Stones,
his own element. When the winds are laid, one would think them bullets caft by fome
and the fea is in a calm, the waters being Artifl for the great Guns. If you break them,
fpread ( as it were ) into a plain, a hideous you find, within, ftony Serpents wreathed up
groaning is oft-times heard in thefe parts on a in Circles, but generally without heads. Hence
fudden, and then the fifhermen are afraid to go we fee Wilton-caftle, formerly belonging to theWiltoneafllci
to Sea ; who, according to their poor fenfe of Buhners. Higher up, at Dobbarn, the river Tees
things, believe the Ocean to be a huge Mon- rolls into the Sea, having fviiited Cleasly, where Cleasby.
ger, which is then hungry, and eager to glut Dr. Robinfon, Envoy for many years to the
it felf with the bodies of men. Beneath Sken- Court of Sweden, and now Biihop ot London,
Kiltoo. grave ftands Kilton, a Cattle, with a Park round hath rebuilt and endowed a Chapel ( with a
it this belonged formerly to the famous ia- convenient Houfe lor the Minifler) at this his
:

mily of the Tlmengs, whofe cftate defcended to native place and alfo] received many fmall ri- ;

the Barons of Lumley, Hilton, and Daubeney. Ve- vulets ; the laft whereof is a namelefs one, which
5fceltem-taftle.ry near this place is Skelton-caftle,
Theretofore enters it near Tarum, noted for its Market; and Yarum.
I

belonging to the ancient family of the Barons wafhes Stukesley, a fmall Market-town likewife,Stokefley.
_B of Skel- &
B rus w 'ho are defcended from Robert Brm a which * remain'd long in the hands of the io.-*Jam diu
i

ton. Norman. He had two Sons, Adam Lord oi mous family de Eure, fof which, was Sir J4/il-f?eSavit.
Skeltm, and Robert Lord of Anan-dale in Scot- Ham Eure, whom King Henry the eighth ad-
land, from whom fprang the Royal Line of vanced to the degree ot a Baron of this Realm
Scotland. But Peter Brus, the fifth lord of Skel- but this honour expir'd, anno 1707. in Ralph
ton, died without iflue, and left his fillers Lord Eure a Below thefe, ftands Wharlton- y,, .

heirs ; Agnes, married to Walter de Falconberg ; caftle, which formerly belonged to the Barons ca fti e-
Barons Fal- Lucie, married to Marmaduke de Tlnnenge, from MeiniU and Harljey, to the family of i/ot/wH, Harlfey.
;

conberg. whom the Baron Lumley is defcended Marga- but afterwards to the Strangwayes, and now to
; \

ret, married to Robert de Roos and Laderina, he Lawfons : 1 both of them old and rui-
;

married to John de Bella aqua all, men of great nous.

;

honour and efteem in that age. The Pofterity The mouth of the fforemention'dl Tees, was
of Walter de Falconberg flourifli'd a long time hardly trufted by Mariners heretofore ; but
;

but at laft the eftate came by a female to Wil- now is found to be a fafe Harbour and to di- :

liam Nevil, famous for his warlike valour, and rect the entrance, there were Light-houfes made
honour'd with the title of Earl of Kent by King on both fides of it, within the memory of | the -f So fai\Lj
Edward the fourth. His daughters were mar- prefent age. Four miles trom the mouth of ann 1607. «

ried to J. Coigniers, N. Bedhowing, and R. Strang- this river, Ghburgb ftands upon a rifing ground; Gi 5 t)ij r? ij
a
wayes. [Robert Bruce, Earl or Elgin in Scot- at prefent a fmall Town, but formerly very
land, was by King Charles the fecond, in the famous tor a beautiful and rich Monastery, built
year 1663, advanced to the title of Earl of about the year 1 1 ro. by Robert de Brus Lord
Ailsbury and Baron Bruce ot Skehon, of the Town. It has been the common burial-

Kirk-Le- Near the mouth ot the Tees, is Kirk-Letham, place for the Nobility of thefe parts, and pro-
tham. where Sir William Turner (Lord Mayor of Lon- duced Walter de Hemingjord, no unlearned Hi-
donin the year 1669.) built a moft (lately Hof- ftorian Tand the Abbey-Church, by the ruins,
;

pital, at this place of his Nativity, and endow- feems to have been equal to the beft Cathe-
ed it generoully for the maintenance ot forty drals in England^ The place is really fine, and
poor people (aged, and children,) with liberal may, in point of pleafant nefs, and a graterul
Salaries alfo to a Chaplain, a Mailer and Mi- variety, and other advantages of Nature, com-
ilrefs. To which, at his death, he added a pare with Puteoli in Italy ; and in point of
benefaction of five thoufand Pounds for the licalthtulnefs, it tar furpailes it. [The Inhabi-
erecting a Free-School, and the purchafmg ot tants are obferved by Travellers to bt* civil and
i To the Ma- plentiful | Salaries.! well-bred cleanly in their diet, and neat in ;

iler, 100 /.
Near on the fhore, when the tide tneir houfes.] The coldneis of the air, which
Hunt-cliff,
per ann.
is up pretty high
out, the rocks fhoot and to the Sea occafions, is qualified by the hills be-
To the Uflier
;

we by contraction tween ; the Soil is fruitful, and produces grafs

thefe the Sea-calves ( which
Hunt-eliff. call Seales, as fome think for Sea-veals or Sea- and fine Mowers a gnat part of the year ; it a-
Sea-calves. calves) come out in great droves, and there fieep uounds with veins of Metal and ^/;;?M-earth of
and fun themfelves. Upon one of the rocks feveral colours ( but efpecially with thofc of
neerefl the fhore, fome one of them flands cen- ocher and murray) trom which they now | begin + Ann. 1607.
try as it were and when any body comes near, to extract the beft fort of Alum and Coperas. Alum.
;

he either pufhes down a {tone, or with great This was firft difcover'd a \ few years fince by Coperas.
noife throws himfelf into the water, to alarm the admirable fagacity of that learned Natura-
the reft, that they may provide for themfelves, ijft Sir Thomas Chaloner Kt. (to whofe tuition,
and get into the Sea. Their greateft fear is * his Majefty TKing James the firft] commit- *jj; s pre (ent
of Men and if they are purfued by them, ted the delight and glory of Britain, his Son Majelty hath,
;

and cannot reach the Sea in time, they often Prince Henry ; ) by oUferving that the leaves C.
of
 ; ;

9ri BRIG ANTES. 912

* Magisfitb-oi trees were ot a more weak fort of Green that the adjacent territory
is commonly called
virtre. here than in other places ; that the oaks flioot P'ckering-Lith, the Liberty
of Pickering, and the
forth their roots very broad, but not deep Forefl of Pickering ; which Henry
the third gave
and that thefe had much ftrength but little to Edmund his younger fon, Earl of
Lancalter.
fap in them ; that the foil was a white clay, In this, upon the Derwent,
Atton is fituated, Atton.
fpeckled with feveral colours, namely, white, which gave name to the famous
familyof the At-
yellowifli, and blue ; that it never froze ; and torn Knights, defcended
from the Lords de Vefcy,
that in a pretty-clear night it /hjn'd and fpark- whofe eftate was divided
by daughters between
Icd like glafs, fHereare two Edward de St. John, the Euers, and
on the road-fide,
the GUgniers.
Alom-works one belonging to the Chaloners, from this Edward de St.
i
John, a great part of it
the other to the Darcies but both have been came by a daughter to Henry
j
Bromfet ; who was 27 Hen 6
laid afide for fome
years. Poflibly, Whitby ly- fummon d to Parliament in
the following man- Sromftet
ing more conveniently, and having plenty of ner (no where elfe to be
met-with among the Lord V*fcfr
the Mine at hand, may have drawn the Trade Summons to Parliament
;) We will that both you
from tjiem.l and the heirs males of your body lawfully begotten,
Ounesbery or Next, Ounesbery-Topping, a fteep Mountain be Barons of Vefy. Afterwards, this
title came
Rofebery and all over green, rifeth fo high, as to appear by a daughter to the Cliffords.
Topping. the other On
at a great diftance ; and it is the land-mark fide tour miles -from Pickering,
near Dow (a Kirkby-Mor-
that directs Sailors, and a prognoftick of wea- httle rapid river) is
Kirlby-Morfide, none of the fide.
ther to the" neighbours hereabouts. For when moIHnconfiderabie Market-towns, formerly be-
it's top begins to be darken *d with clouds, rain longing to the
Eftotevills, and fituate near hills,
generally follows. Near the top of it, there trom which it takes the name. Rbidale:
ifiues trom a huge rock, a fountain, very good for After thefe, weftward, ftands Rhidale, a very
_
fore eyes. And trom hence, the valleys round it, hnevale, pleafant and fruitful,
and adorned with
the graffy hills, green meadows, rich pafturcs, twenty three Parifh-Churches, and
the river
fruitful corn-fields, rivers fullofflfh, thecreeky Rhy running through the
midft of it. place A
mouth of the Tees, fliores low and open, yet (fays New bngenfis ) of
vafl folitude and honor,
free from inundation, and the Sea with the till Walter Efpec gave it to the
Cluniack Monks,
Ships under fail ; do render the profpecT: very and rounded a Cloifter for them. In
this ValeElmelley,
agreeable and entertaining. Beneath this, ftands is Elmefly, which (if I miftake
not) Bede calls callM alfo
Kildale. Kildale, a Caftle belonging to the Percies Earls Vlmetum, where Robert, firnamed
de Rofi, builf
HM,w *
of Northumberland ; and more to the eaft, the Caftle of Furfan ; near which,
the river
Danby. Danby, which came trom Bruss by the T'hwengs, Recall hides it felf under ground. Lower-down
to the Barons Latimer, from whofe heir are upon this river, ftands Riton, the ancient *
* „
:
N .

effetey^™'
defcended the Willoughbies Barons Broke. But ot an ancient family the Percihaies, commonly
Danby, among other eftates, was fold to called Percyes
this
Eaft . Mfj;
the Nevils
; of whom, George Nevil was fum- At a little Village named Eafl-nefs in Rhy-
I

mon'd among the Barons, to Parliament, by dale, was found the following Sepulchral In-
Barons LttL Henry the fixth, under the title of Lord Lati-
scription upon a Stone-Monument, which
was
mer, i in whofe posterity that Honour remain'd full of bones,

f So faid, to the f prefent age. TSince which, Danby hath

ann, 1607. afforded the title of Earl to Henry Lord Dan-

gers of Dantfey, created Feb. 7. 1 Car. 1, but

TITIA' 3
PINTA' VIX1T ANN'
he dy'd without iffue in the year 16^. In XXXVIII' ET' VAL' ADIVTOR1'
1674. 'June 27. the title of Earl of Danby was vixrr ANN' xx' et' variolo'
5
conferred upon "/homos Osbom, a very able VIXIT ANN' XV.' VAL' VINDI-
Statefman in his time, who was created before
Baron of Kiveton, and Vifcount Latimer, and
CONIVGIE' CIANVS' FILIS' V
F. C. 1
wasafterwards advanced to the dignity of Mar-
quifs ol Caermartben, and Duke ot Leeds^]
have nothing moretoobferve here, but that
X
the Baron de Meimll held fome lands in this From hence the Rhy, with many waters re-
The Hifiory County, of the Archbifhops of Canterbury, ceived from other currents, rolls into the Dei-
of Canterbu-and that the Coigniers and Strangwaies, with fome went ; which wafhes Malton in this Vale, a Malton.
xy- others defcended from them, are obliged to Market-town, famous for its vent of Corn,
be attendant, and to pay certain military fer- Fifh, and f Country-utenfils. For the ma-f Jnflrumcn.
vices to the Archbifhops, for the fame. And king of the faid river navigable to this place,*" Ruftiw.
Prtrogativ. whereas the King of England, by his Prerogative and from hence to it's joining with the river
Keg. 17 Eiw. (thefe are the very words of the Statute) Jhall Oufe, an Act of Parliament pafs'd in the firft
have the Ward of all the lands of fuch as hold year of Queen Anne.'] Here fat Malton,'} the
Ward/hip.
of him in chief by Knights fervid', -whereof the foundation of an old Caftle is flill vilible
tenants were feijed in their demefne as of fee at the which formerly, as I have heard, belonged to

day of of whomfoever they hold elfe by the Vefceys, Barons of great note and eminence Baron
their death, Vefceyi

fo that they held in ancient time any land ill thefe parts.
like fervice, Their pedigree (as appears from
of the Crown, till the heir come to his lawful age ; the Records ) is deriv'd trom William Tyfon,
Yet thefe fees are excepted, and others of the Lord of Malton and Alnewick in Northumberland^
Archbifhop of Canterbury and the Bifhop of who was cut oft in the battel of Ha/lings, againft
Durham, fo that they fhaU have fuch Wards, the Normans, His only daughter was mar-
tho' they held of the King in fome other Place. ried to Iuo de Vefcy a Norman, who likewife
More inward, among the Mountains of left one only daughter Beatrice, married to Eu-
Blackamore. Blackamore, there is nothing remarkable (be- fiachiusjon of John Monoculus, who in the reign
fidesfome rambling brooks and rapid torrents, of King Stephen founded two religious houfes,
which take up all the vallies hereabouts ; ) un- at Malton and Watton for : his fecond wife
Pickering. lefs it be Pickering, a pretty large Town be- (daughter to William, Conftable of Chefter)
longing to the Dutchy of Lancafler, feated up- was Lady of Watton. William, fon of Eufta-
on a hill, and fortified with an old Caftle, to chius by his wife Beatrice, who was ripped
which many neighbouring villages belong; fo out ot his mother's womb, took the name Vejcey,
and
9« YORKSHIRE. North-Riding. 9H
is of the and for Arms, A Crofs, Argent, in a field, Gules. and what great wagers are laid. In this Foreft
ftands Creac, which Egfrid King of Northum- Creac.
Kia. Xhis William, by B. daughter to Robert Efto-
atth. P"« s berland in the year * 6 8 J gave, with the ground t 684. C.
tev in f Knaresburgh, had two
Cons ; Euflace .

three miles round, to S. Cuthbert ; by whom it ^"

MS. t
ie Vefcey, who married Margaret,
daughter of
1 "7£i
"
William King of Scots ; and Guarin de Vefcey came to the Church of Durham. Charter".
Scarce four miles from hence, Shentfhuttw, sherry-hut-
Lord of Knapton. Euflace was father to Wil-
["heretofore! a very neat and beautiful Caftle,ton.
liam, who had a foil, John, that died without
exploits in Bertrand de Buhner, and repair'd by
built by
ilfue, and William, famous for his
Ireland, and who changed the old Arms of Ralph Nevill firft Earl of Weftmorland, is plea-
the

family into a fhield, Or, with a Crofs, Sable. fantly feated

among the woods ; fbut now has
than the Shell : 1 Near
William (whole lawful ion, "John, dy'd in the little more remaining,
fome lands in Ire- which is Hinderskell, a Caftle built by the Hindenkel.
wars of Wales) gave ot his
his Barons of Greyftock, which others call Hun-\\Centum fon.
land to King Edward, on condition, that
||

I.ib.Dunclm. llatura i fon called William de Kildare, might dred-skell, from the many fountains that fpring
'«
herit his eftate ; and made Anthony Bee
Bifhop there. THere, the Right Honourable Charles
ufe of Howard, Earl of Carlifle, hath built a moft no-
of Durham, his Feoffee in truft to the
over-fair- ble and beautiful feat, call'd Caftle- Howard, in- CaMe-How-;
his fon ; who did not acquit himfelf atd
relating to Aln- ftead of the old Caftle, which was burnt down. -

ly in that part of his charge

wick, Eltham in Kent, and fome other eftates, In this neighbourhood, is Stitenham, the ancient Stitenham.
; of which was the
which he is faid to have converted to his own Seat of a Knightly Family
ufe. This natural fon, aforefaid, was flain at famous Poet Sir John Gower and of the fame .-

the Battle of Sterling in Scotland and the

title ;
family is the prefent John Lord Gower, Baron of
came at laft to the family of the Attons, by StitenhamA
Margaret the only daughter of Guarin Vefcey, Behind the hills to the Weftward, where the
who was married to Gilbert de Axton. But Country fpreads it felf into a level, and into
enough of this, if not too much; and befides, fruitful fields, WesAhertonfllire, commonly North- North-Aller-
Vid. paf
it has becnfpoktnof before.
Allerton, a fmall territory, water'd by the little ton.
priced.
It takes its name from rhe Town
Newborrow. Near this Vale, {lands Newborrow, to which river Wish.
formerly Galpepcun,
we owe William of Newborrow, the Englifh Hi- if Northaherton, called
now it which nothing but a long ftreet yet, the
ftorian, a learned and diligent Writer : is ;

the Seat famous family de Ballafije,

of the throngeft Beau-fair on St. Bartholomew' 's-day,
is
from the Bifhoprick of that I ever faw. William Rufus gave this place,
who came originally
Durham, fand are honoured with the title of with the fields about it, to the Church of Dur-
Vifcounts Fakonbergc ; the Earldom being ex- ham ; to the Bifhops whereof it is much obli-
tinct, by the death of Thomas Earl
of Falcon- ged. For William Comin, who forcibly poffefs'd
berge without iffue."] Near the fame Vale, himfelf of the See of Durham, built the Caftle
to his nephew which is
llnndsBelleland, commonly called Biland: this, and and gave
Eilapd. here, it ;

* almoft quite gone. The Bifhops like- * ch,ilanimt-

Newborrow, were two famous Monafteries, both now
do tiff aruit.
Roger Mowbray. The wife, his Succeffors, endow 'd it with certain
Family of the founded and endowed, by
Mombrap. family of the Mowbrays was very confiderable privileges.
For in the Book of Durham, we Cap. 126.
pofleffing find, that Hugh de Puteaco, Bifbop of Durham,
for Power, Honour, and Wealth :

very great Eftates ; with the Caftles

of Slinges- fortified the Town ; having obtain d this favour of
thefe parts. Thi the King, that of all thofe t unlawful Caftles, that \ Aiuiterina.
by, Thresh, and others,
in
rife of the family was in (hort thus:
Roger de were order d to be deftroy'd throughout England, this
permitted to remain ; which, not-
Earl of Northumberland, and R. de alone fhould flill be
Mowbray
afterwards commanded to be
being depriv'd of their eftates for withflanding, the King
•In I137.
another *Q ra ndebeofe,
ac rafed and laid even with the ground. Near this
P!
|""'l Difloyalty, King Henry the firft gave th(
%,' greateft part of them to Nigel! de Albenie (defen- was fought the Battel, commonly call'd The The Battel of
Standard.
Albtr.iesF.arls Standard ("(from which, one part of the Hiftory
ded from the fame family with the
by Richard Prior of Hexham, bears the
of Arundell) a perfon of very noble extraction a- written
The Reglfter mo ng the Normans. He was Bow-bearer to title De Bella Standard! ; )1 wherein David King
by his unheard-of Cruelties had Hoveden,
of Fountain-
William Rufus, and was enrich'd to that de- of Scots, who,
this Country a Defolation, was put to
'°
Jii 1 '
gree by Henry the firft, that he had in Eng- made
rhat with fuch flaughter, that the
land 140 Knights-fees, and in Normandy 120. flighr, and
thought their revenge com-
His fon Roger was alfo commanded by him Englifh themfelves
to take the name of Mowbray, from whom the pleted.
For what Ralph the Biihop faid in
to the Englifh before the fight,
Mowbrays Earls of Nottingham, and Dukes his Exhortation
of Norfolk, were defended. To thefe Mow- was fully effected : A multitude without difcipline
<Sillirg-caWc.^j a if Gilling-caflle, a littleway from hence, is an encumbrance to it felf ; whether to hurt when
to efcape when they are conquer d.
did formerly belong ; but now it is in the they conquer, or
the Battle of Standard, becaufe
hands of that ancient and famous family, which This was call'd
rang'd into a body round
Fairfax. from their fair hair, have the name of Fairfax the Englifh, being :

fax. for fax in Saxon iignihes hair, or the hairs of the

their Standard, did there receive and bear the
onfet of the Scots, and at laft routed them.
head ; upon which account they call'd a Comet firft
Standard (as I have feen it painted ill old
Faxed-dar.or Blazing-ftar a Faxed-flar,_ as alfo the place This
books) was a huge Chariot upon wheels, with
before fpoken of, Haly-fax, from holy hair.
fix'd in it; on the* Mains.
Below this, to the South, lies the Calateri- a*mafto( great heighth
was a crofs, and under that, a
The Forefl ofam nemus, commonly call'd The Foreft of Galtres, top whereof
fignal, us'd only in the
Gaines. which in fome places is thick and fhady, and banner. This was a
in others flat, wet, and boggy. [This Foreft greateft Expeditions, and was look'd upon as a
ftcrcd Altar being indeed the very
extended to the very walls of the City of York; kind of
;

as appears by a Perambulation made in the

28* fame with the Carrocium among the Italians, Carrociurm
AHorfe-race. vealthe firft."!
.
f At
Edward prefent it is which was never to be ufed but when the very
f
famous for a yearly Horfe-race, wherein the Government
1 607
.
lay at ftake.
J*"": '

There is further remarkable in this divifion,

row difcon- prize for the horfe that wins, is a little golden
Itinu'd. bell. It is hardly credible, how great a reiort a place called Thresh, commonly Thrush ; which Thresk.
all parts, had formerly a very ftrong
Caftle, where Roger
of people there is to thefe races from
5 Z ie
 d

-
r*
9* 5 BRIGANTES. 916
5 de Mowbray began his rebellion, and call'd-in Mortimer, lifter and heir to Edmund Earl of
the King of Scots to the deftruction of his March, defended in a right line from Philippa
Country ; King Henry the fecond having very the daughter and fole heir
of Leonel Duke of
unadvisedly dug his o-wn grave, by taking his Clarence, third fon of King
Edward the third ;
Son into an equal fliare of the Government. and therefore in all
juftice to be prcfer'd in
But this Sedition was at laft, as it were quench' the fucceflion to the
Crown, before the chil-
and extinguifl) 'd with blood, and the Caftle ut- dren of
John ofGaunt,the fourth fon of the faid
terly demolifh'd ; fo that I could feenothing of Edward
the third. And when it was anfwer'd,
it there, befides the rampire. Another flame of
That tile Nobles of the Kingdom, and the
Rebellion likewife broke outhere,in King Henry Duke himfelf, had
fworn Allegiance to the
the fevellth's reign; when thelawlefs Rabble, re- King that the Kingdom by Act of Parliament
;

pining grievoufly ata fmall fublidy laid on them was conter'd and
entail'd upon Henry the
by Parliament, drove away the Collectors, and fourth and his heirs that
; the Duke, who de-
forthwith (as fuch madnels upon the leaft fuc- rived his title from the
Duke of Clarence, ne-
cefs, drives-on, without end or aim) fell here ver took
the Arms of the faid Duke ; and that
Earl of No upon Henry Verde Earl
of Northumberland, Henry the fourth was polfefs'd of
thumberland the Crown by
(lain by the
who was f Lieutenant of this County, and the right he had from Henry the third
All this :

Rebels. kill'd him ; and then, under the conduct oi he ealily evaded ; by replying,
that the faid
f Provincix John Egremond their Leader, took up Arms a- Oath fworn to the King, being barely a hu-
p™/«it. gainll their King and Country. Yet it was man Conftitution, was not binding, becaufe it
not long before they were brought to condign was inconliftent with
truth and juftice, which
Soureby. punifhment. Hard by, Hands Soureby and Bra- are of Divine appointment
Brakenbak. ; That there had
kenbak, belonging to the ancient and famous been no need of
Lafcelles. an Act of Parliament to fet-
Sezay. family of Lafcelles : and more to the fouth, Se- tle the Kingdom
in the line of Lancafter, nei-
&ay, formerly the eflate of the Darelh ; and af ther would they
have defiVd it, if they could
i Have flou..ter that of the DavinieS, who t flourifll'd long have rely'd on a juft title That as for the
:
rifh'd, C. under the title of Knights ; Ttill Sir John Arms of the Duke of
Clarence, which of right
Da-wnie was by King Charles the fecond ad- belong'd to him, he
had in prudence, declin d
vanced to the dignity of Vifcount Downe, in the ufing them, as he
had done the ehtfing his
the kingdom of Ireland.] claim to the Crown, till that moment
Earls and and, :

The firft and only Earl of Yorkfhire (after That the title deriv'd from
Dukes of Henry the third,
William Mallet, and one or two Eflotevilh, both was only a ridiculous
York. pretence to cloak the In-
of Norman extraction, whom fome reckon he- juftice, and was
exploded by every body. Tho'
An. I R.i. reditary Vifeounts was Otho, fon of Henry thele tilings^, pleaded in favour of the
;)
Hovedcn. Duke of
Leon Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, by Maud York, Ihew'd his title to
be clear and evident ,-

the daughter of Henry the fecond King of Eng- yet upon a wife
forefight of the dangers that
land. He was afterwards faluted Emperor by might elifue, the matter was fo adjufted, That
the name of Otho the fourth. From his brother Henry the lixth fhould
poffefs and enjoy the
Dukes of William (another fon by Maud)
the Dukes of Kingdom for life, and that Richard
Brunfwith, Duke of
Brunfwick and Lunenburgh in Germany, are York fhould be appointed
his heir and fuccef-
defended ; who, in teftimony of this their re- (br in the Kingdom with this provifo, that
;

lation to the Kings of England, bear the fame neither of them

fhould attempt or contrive any
Arms with our firit Kings of Norman defcent, thing to the prejudice of the other.
However,
namely, t-wo Leopards or Lions, Or, in a Shield, the Duke was fo far tranfported
with ambition,
Gules. Long after this, King
Richard the fe- as to endeavour to anticipate his hopes,
and
cond made Edmund of Langley, fifth fon of King raife that dreadful War between
the Houfes of Wars be-
Edward the third, Duke of York; who by one York and Lancafter, diftinguifh'd
by the -white tween the
of the daughters of Peter, King of Caftile and and the red Rofes which
; in a fhort time prov'd Hou te of
Leon, had two fons. Edward, the eldeft, in fatal to himfelf at
Wakefield. King Henry the Y°' k *" d
the life-time of his father, was firft Earl of lixth was four times taken
prifoner, and at Iaftbetwcen
Cambridge, after that, Duke of Albemarle, and depriv'd of his Kingdom and the"
his Life. Then, Xtt-rtp: and
laft of all, Duke oj York, who dy'd valiantly in Edward
Earl of March, fon of Richard, obtam'd ths **'"•
the battel of Agincourtin France, without ifl'ue. the Crown and though he was depos'd, yet
;

Richard, the fecond fon, was Earl of Cam- he recover'd it thus did Fortune, inconftant
:

bridge ; he marry 'd Ami, filler of Edmund and freakilh as fhe is, fport
her felf with the
Mortimer Earl of March, whole grandmother rife and fall of Princes. In
the mean time,
likewife was the only daughter and heir of many of the Blood-royal
and of the greateft
Lconel Duke of Clarence and, attempting to of the Nobility were cut off) thofe hereditary
;

fet the Crown upon the head of his wife's bro- and rich Provinces of the
Kings of England
ther Edmund, he was prefently difcover'd, and ill France were loft,
Ireland was neglefted, and
beheaded, as if hir'd by the French to take away relaps'd to its old wildnefs,
the wealth of the
the life of King Henry the fifth. Richard his Nation was wafted, and the harafs'd people
fon, in the fixteenth year after, was by the great, were opprefs'd
with all forts of mifery. Ed-
but unwary, generofity of Henry the fixth, ward being now fettled in
his Throne, as the
fully reftor'd, as fon of Richard, the brother
of fourth King of that name, beftow'd the title
Ed-ward Duke of York, and Coujin German to Ed- of Duke of York upon Richard
his fecond fon;
ward Earl of March. And now being Duke of who, with the King his brother,
was deftroy'd,
Turk, Earl ol'JUanh and V/Jler, and Lord of Wig- very young,
by that Tyrant Richard their Un-
move, Clare, 'trim, and Conaght, he grew to that cle.
Next, Henry the feventh confer'd it upon
pitch of boldnefs, that whereas formerly he his younger foil, who was afterwards
crown'd
had fought the Crown privately by indirect King of England by
the name of Henry the
practices, as, complaining of male-adminiftra- 8th. And K. James Tthe lftl invefted
f his fecond .
tion, difperfing feditious rumors and libels, fon Charles (whom Now
he had before, in Scotland, lately, C.
entring into fecret combinations, and raffing made Duke Albany,
of Marquifs of Ormond, Earl
broils and factions againft the Government;
of Rofs, and Baron Ardmamcb) Duke of York, i&4.
Pari. Rolls, at laft he claim'd it publickly in Parliament, by girding
him with a S-word (to ufe the words
59 H. 6. againft Henry the lixth, as being fon of Ann of the form) and putting a Cap and Coronet oj
Gold
 d

W RICHMOND SHIRE.
Gold upon his bead, and delivering to him a Verge
oj Gold; after he had the day before, according
to the ufual manner, created both him and ele-
ven others of noble and honourable families,
Knights of the Bath. TAnd as James the firft
created Charles his fecond fon Duke of York, fo
Charles fucceeding his father in the Throne,
declar'd his fecond fon James (afterwards King
James the fecond.) Duke of the
whereupon, at his birth he receiv'd that title,
but was not created till the 27th of Jan.
1643,
being the 19th year of his father's reign. Since
the acceflion of King George to the Throne,
his Majefty hath been pleas'd to confer the fame
High Title upon Erneft Auguflus, his brother,
who is Knight of the moft Noble Order of the
Garter, and alfo Duke of York and Albany,
fame place : and Earl of Ulfter.l

There are ia this County 459 Parifies ; with very many Chapels under them, which for number of In-
habitants are equal to great Parishes.

RICHMOND SHIRE.
gpEgPgT-HE re ft of this County, which North, are found in firm rocks and beds of
"^1 liesto the North-weft and is Lime-ftone ; fometimes at fix or eight fathom
of large extent, is eall'd Rich- within ground. Whence the Miners call them
mondfhire, or Richmountfhire. The Run-Limeftone ; they fuppofing thefe figures to
name is taken from a Caftle be produced by a more than ordinary heat,
built by Alan Earl of Bretagne and a quicker fermentation than they allow to
in Armorica, to whom William the production of the otiier parts of the quar-
the Conqueror gave this Shire (which belong'd ry. And this, perhaps, is as rational an ac-
to Edwin, an EngliuVman) by a fhort Charter count of thefe fports of Nature (fuppoling thetn
in thefe words / William, Jimam'd Bajlard, fuch) as any that our modern Virtuoli have
:

King of England, do give and grant to thee my ne- hitherto pitch'd upon.!
phew Alan Earl of Bretagne, and to thy heirs for Where this Shire touches upon the County
ever, all the villages and lands which of late be- of Lancaller, the profped among [he hiils is
longed to Earl Eadwin in Torkfhire, -with the Knights- fo wild, folitary, and unfightly, and all things
fees and other Liberties and Cufioms, as freely and are fo ftill, that the neighbouring Inhabitants
honourably m the fame Eadwin held them. Dated have eall'd fome brocks there. Hell-becks, that isHell-beds.
from our Siege before York. to fay, Hell or Stygian Rivulets ; efpeciaiiy that,
By reafon of craggy Rocks and vaft Moun- at the head of the river Ure, which,
with a
tains, this Shire is almoft one continu'd emi- bridge over it of one eatire none, falls fo deep,
nence : the (ides of them here and there yield that it ftrikes one with horror to look down.
pretty good grafs ; and the bottoms and val- Here is fate harbour in this trad, for goats,
leys are not unfruitful. The hills afford great deer, and ftags which for their muii'ual bulk
;

Brafs, Lend, fiore of Lead, Pit-Coal, and alfo Brafs. In a and branchy heads are very remarkable and ex-
and Pit-coal.
Qiarter f Edward the fourth, there is men- traordinary.
tion made of a Mineral or Mine of Coppci _
The river Ure, which we have often men-
near the very city of Richmond- But covetouf- tioned, has rife here out of the weftern
its
nefs, which makes men dig even to Hell, has mountains; and firft runs through the middle
not yet mov'd them to Jink into thefe Moun- of the vale IVentfedale, fufficiently ftock'd with
Wcrt fediile.
tains ; being diverted perhaps by the difficulties cattel, and in fome places with lead. Not far
of the Carriage. from its fpring, while it is yet but fmail, it is
On the tops of thefe Mountains, as likewife encreafed by thelittle river Baint from the fouth,
Stone- cockles. j n other places, there have been found
Hones which iflues from the pool Semur with a ftrange
refembling Sea-cockles and other Water-ani- murmur. At the confluence of thefe two ftreams
mals ; which, if they are not Miracles of Na- (where are fome few cottages, eall'd from the
ture, I cannot but think, with Oroflus a Chri- firft bridge over the Ure, Baintbrig) there
was BraccMuni(
ftian Hiftorian, to be certain tokens of the uni- formerly a Roman garrifon ; of which fome
verfal Deluge in the time of Noah, 'the Sea remains are Mill to be feen. For upon the hill
(as he fays) being in Noah's time fpre ad over all the (which from the burro ugh, they now call Burgh)
earth, and a deluge four 'd forth upon it (jo that the there are the ground-works of an old fortifica-
whole world waf overflow' d, and the Sea, as heaven^ tion, about five acres in compafs ; and under
furrounded the earth ;) all mankind wac deflroy'd, it, to the eaft, the tracks of many houfes are
but only thofe few fav'd in the ark for their Faith, ftill vitible. Where, among feveral proofs of
_

to propagate pofterhy ; as is clearly taught by the Roman Antiquity, I lately faw this fragment
moft faithful Writers. "That this was fo, thofe per- of an old Inicription, in a very fair character,
Jons have alfo been witnefjes, who, knowing neither ith a winged Viftory fupporting it.
pajl times, nor the Author of them, yet from the
figns and indications of thofe flones (which we often
fa;d on mountains diflant from the Sea, but over-
fpread with cockles and oyfters, yea oft-times hollow'
by the water) have learn d it by conjeBure and inje-
rence. TAs to thefe ftones like Cockles, a diligent
Obferver of thefe Curiofities affirms, that he
couid never hear of any that were met-with
IMP.
lying iingle and difpers'd; but that plenty of
them, as well here as in other places of the
919 BRIG ANTES. 920
Queen Mary. In the Parifh, not !ong fince,
lived one Henry 'Jenkins, a much more noted Philofoph.
IMP. CyES. L. SEPTIMIO inftance of Longevity, than the famous Par Tra °f' N. ;
221
PIO PERTINACI AVGV.-- is dying (Dec. 8. 1670.) at the age of 169 years. * *

IMP GdSSARL M. AVRELIO A- He could eafily remember the DiiToIution of

Monafleries, and hath given Evidence of anci-
PIO FELICI AVGVSTO ent cuftoms, in Courts of Juftice, for above
The name of
Geta eras'd. 140 years. After he was pad the age of 100,
he ufed frequently to fwim in rivers. He had
BR A C CHI O OEMENTICIVM- been Butler to the Lord Corners, and after that,

VI NERVIORVM SVB CVRA LA Fifherman, and at laft, a Beggar.l

SENECION AMPLISSIMI
OPERIL. VI SPIVS PRiE-
LEGIO.
From whence we may conjecture,
Fort at Burgh, was formerly call'd Bracchium,
Which before had been made of turf, but then
was built of Hone and mortar and that the
; mond, and built a very ilrong caftle at Midle-
fixth Cohort of the Nervii garrifon'd here, who
alfo feem to have had a Summer-camp upon
that high entrench'd Hill, hard by, which
a
Ure, taking its coui-fe eafhvard, comes to the
Town of Midelham, the Honour of which (as Midlcham,
we
read in the Genealogy of the Nevils) Alan
Earl of Richmond gave to his younger brother*
Byoth
* Rinebald, with all the lands, which before Jt.,"£
a /i.
their coming had belong'd to Gilpatrick the
that this Dane. His grandchild by his fon Ralph, called
had all Wentfedale beftow'd Lords of
Robert Fitz,- Ralph,
on him by Conanus Earl of Bretagne and Rich- Midle kam.
ham. Ranulph his fon built a fmall Monaftery
for Canons at Coverham (now contracted into An ancient
Corham ) in Coverdale and his fon Ralph had Genca, °gy.
;

Statue of now call'd Ethelbury. It is not long, fince a daughter Mary, who being married to Robert
Comtnodus Statue of Aurelius Commodus the Emperor, was Lord Nevill, brought this large eftate, for her
the Empe. dug-up here, who (as Lampridius has it) was portion, to the family of the Nevils. This
rour.
ftild by his flatterers Britannicus, even when Robert Nevill, having had many children by
the Brkains were for chuiing another Emperor his wife, was taken in adultery, unknown, and
againfl him. This Statue feems to have been had his privy members cut off by the adul-
fet up, when, through an extravagant Efteem trefs's husband in revenge which threw him
;

of himfelf he arriv'd to that pitch of folly, as intofuch an exCcfs of grief, that he foon after
to command every one to call him, 'The Roman dy'd.
Hercules, fon of Jupiter. For it is in the habit fNear Midkham, is Thoresby, the Seat of anThoresby.
of Hercules, with his right-hand arm'd with a ancient Family of that
name, of which was
club ; and under it (as I am inform'd) was John Tlwesby Archbifhop of York and Chancel-
this broken and imperfect Infcription, which lor of England ; and of which alfo (being the
had been ill copy'd, and was loft before I came eldeft branch ) w'as Mr. John Thoresby late of
hither : Leeds, an eminent Antiquary, and. famous for
his Mufxum which is now porTefs'd and very
;

- CESARI AVGVSTO much augmented by his fon Mr. Ralph Thoresby,

MARCI AVRELII FILIO a perfon excellently skilled in the fubject of An-
tiquities.]
SEN ION IS AMPLISSIMI From MiAleham, the Ure having pafs'd a few
VENTS PIVS. miles, wafh.es Jervis or Jorvalle- Abbey, which ]otva\]c-A1>-
is now reduced to ruins ; and then runs by bey.

Mafham, which belonged to the Scropes of Ma-Maiham.

This was to be feen at Nappa, a. houfe built fham (who, as they are defcended from the
Nappa.
The nume- with turrets, and the chief feat of the Medcalfs, Scropesof Bolton, fo are they again grafted into
rous family which is counted the moft numerous tamily this the fame Family by marriage ; ) fbut now to
of Medcalf. day in England. For I have heard that Sir the E)anbies^\ On the other fide of this ri-
Chriflopher Medcalf Knight, and chief of the fa- ver, but more inward, flands Snath, the chief Snath,
mily, being | lately Sheriff of the County, was feat of the Barons de Latimer, whofe noble ex-
So faid,
attended with three hundred Horfe, all of this traction is from G. Nevill, younger fon of
•f-

ann. 1607.
family and name, and all in the fame habit, to Ralph Nevill firif. Earl of Weftmorland, who
had this honourable title canfer'd on him by
receive the Juftices of AiTize, and condud them
From hence the Ure runs very fwiftly, King Henry the fixth, when the elder family
to York.
Crey-fifo. with abundance of Crey-ffb ever fince C. Med- of the Latimers ended in a female
; and fo Barons Lafl- :

* So fa id, within the memory of * this age, brought they flourifb/d in a continued fucceffion, till mer.
calf,
our time, when for want of heirs-male of the * § Q ^-j
'"
2nn. 1607. that fort of fifh hither from the fouth parts
of England ; [(which, however, he might have Lift Baron, this noble inheritance was partedann. 1607.
had much nearer hand j the rivers of Kent. among his daughters, who were married into
Loivther, &c in the County of Weftmorlaud, the families of the Pe rcies, Cecils, D'anveri, and
being plentifully ftock'd with them )1 And, Comwallis.: There is no other place in thefe
between two rocks (from which the place is parts remarkable upon the Ure, but Tanfeld, Tanfeld.
called Att-fcarre) it violently rolls down its Cha- formerly the feat of the Gemegam Knights,
nel, not far from Bolton, the ancient feat of from whom it defcended to the Marmions : the Marmion.
Bolton. the Barons de Scrope, and a ftately Caflle which laft of thefe, left Amice, his heir, fecond wife*™l- H. 6, <5

Barons le Richard Lord le Scrope, Chancellour of England of John Lord Grey of Rotherfield whofe two ;

in Richard the fecond's time, built at a very children, taking the name of Marmion, were
Scrope,

great charge. FThis place is now honoured, heirs to their mother and one of them left an
;

by giving the title ot Duke, to Charles Powlet, only daughter and heir, Elizabeth, the wife of
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; whofe Anceflors Fitz-Hugh a famous Baron.
for many generations have enjoy'd the Titles ot The Ure now receives the Swale (fo call'd, Swale a ft-
Earl of Wiltfhire, and Marquifs of Winchefler. as Tho. Spot has it, from its fwiftnefs) which tred riv«r.
and whofe Father was advanced to this higher joins it with a great leaping of the waters. This
dignity, in the firft year of King William and alfo rifes out of the weftern mountains, fcarce
five
021 RICHMONDSHIRE. 922
five miles abovethe head of the runs river? Ure, and
reat labour to a confiderable height. Tho' I

to the eaft. It was very ; iacred among theSaxons

therefore the name of the old Cutum'clomum be
beeaufe when they Chri- left in Catarick, yet are the remains of it met
werefirff. converted to
ftianity, there were baptiz'd in it in one day, with about three flig'ht-fhots from the bridge,
by Paulinus Archbifhop of York (totheirgre.it at a farm-houfe call'd ffiornburgb, fh-.nding upon
joy) above ten thoufand men, belides women a high ground where, as well as at Brampton ;

and children. The courie cf the Swale lies upon Swale on the other fide of t.^e river, they
through a pretty broad vale, which from thence have found Roman Coins. Upon the bank of
Swaiaale. is called Swaldale, and has grafs enough, but
the river (which here is very fleep,) are foun-
Marricke. wants wood tirit, by Mumcke, where flood a dations of fome great walls, more like a caflle
;

Cloifter built by the Askes, a Family of' great than a private building; and the large profpec~t
Mask. note heretofore then by Mask, where there is, makes it very convenient tor a Frontier-garri-
:

Richmond. great ftoreof lead: from thence, by Richmond, lon. It is credibly reported, that about a hun-
the chief City ot this Shire, enclos'd with dred yea k ago, thefe walls were dug into, out
wails of a imall compafs ; yet, by the fuburbs, of hopes of rinding fome treafure, and that the
which fhoots cut in length to the three workmen at lafl; came to a pair of Iron-gates.
gates, it is pretty populous. It was built by Overjoy'd at this, and thinking their end com-

Alan the firlt Earl (who did not dare to rely pafs'd, they went to refrefh themlelves; but be-
Gilling. upon Gilling, his village or meinour hard by, to fore their return, a great quantity ot hanging
'
withftand the allaults at the Saxons and Danes, ground had fali'n in, and the vaft labour ot re-
whom the Normans had ftrip'd of their inhe- moving the rubbifh difcouraged them from any
ritances) and honoured by him with this name, further attempt.
which fignif.es a Rich Mount, and tortity'd with The level plot of ground upon the hill ad-
walls and a very flrong caftle iituated upon a joyning to the Farm-houfe, may be about ten
rock from whence it looks down upon the ri- .cres ; in feveral parts whereot Roman Coins
;

ver Swale, which with a terrible noife feems to have been plow'd-up one particularly of gold, ;

i7/j7;, rather than run, among the Rocks. The with this Infcription, Nero Imp. Cafar. and on
village Gilling was more holy on account of Re- the Reverfe, Jupiter Cuftos. Within this com-
ligion, than flrong in refpect of Fortificati- pafs alfo, they have met with the bafes of old
ons ever fince Ojivius King of Northumber- pillars, and a floor of brick with a pipe of lead
;

+ mfphis. land, by the treachery of his f Hoft, was flain paffing perpendicularly down into the earth ;
in this place ; which is call'd by Bede Gethling. which is thought by fome to have been a place
To expiate whofe murder, a Monaflery was where facrifice was done to the Infernal Gods,
built here which was highly efleem'd and ho- and that the blood defcended by thofe pipes.
;

nour'd by our Anceflors. More to the north, Likewife heretofore, in plowing, the Plow-fhare
Ravenfwuh. flands Ravenfwath, a Caflle encompafs'd with a fluck fall in the car of a great brafs-pot which, ;

pretty large wall, but now ruinous ; which be- upon removing the earth, they obferv'd to be
Earon Fitz- long'd to the Barons call'd Fitz.-Hugh (defcend- cover'd with flat-ftdnes, and, upon opening,
Hugh. :d from thofe Saxons that were Lords of this found it (as it is receiv'd from our Anceljtors
place before the Norman Conqueft) who fiou- by tradition) to be almofl full of Roman Coins,
rifli'd till the time of Henry the feventh, being moflly copper, but fome offilver. Great quan-
enrich'd with great eftates by marriages with tities have been given away by the PredecelTors
the heirs of the famous families of the Forneaux of Sir John Lawjon (to which family the Eftate
and Marmions ; which came at laft by females to came by marriage,) and he himfelf gave a good
the Fienes Lords Dacre in the South, and to the number, to be preferv'd among other Rarities,
Purr 5. in King Charles's Clofet. The Pot was re-
Three miles below Richmond, the Swale flows deemed at the price of eight Pounds, from the
by that ancient City which Ptolemy and Anto- Sequcflrators of Sir John Law/on' s Eflatein the
ninus call Cdtura&onium and Catarraclon, but late Civil War, the Metal being an unufual
Bede * Catarracla, and in another place the vil- fort of compofition. It was hVd in a Furnace to
Catarricke.
lage near Catarracla which makes me think ;
brew in, and contains fome twenty four gallons
* Dr. Gale
thinks, this
the name was given it from a Catarract, feeing' of water.
Mklurgh,^^ i s a great fall of water hard by, though
:s Further, very lately (anno 1703.) fome °frj r Gale' .
three miles nearer Richmond where (as I before obferv'd);
the Inhabitants, digging the ground to makei t i ncrar! iI3i
off * p
the Swale rather wfhes than runs ; its waters being a Lime-kiln (on the higher-barrk of the river,
dajhed and broken by the Recks in its way. And fcarce a hundred paces below the bridge,) met
why fhould he call it a village near CatarraBa, if with a Vault, fill d with five Urns; viz. a large
there had been no catarraci of waters there ?
one in the middle, encompafs'd with two on
That it was a city of great note in thofe times, each fide which were lefs And to this place
:

may be inferr'd from Ptolemv, beeaufe an Ob- alfo belongs the following Infcription :

fervation of theHeavens was made there. For

Lib. 2. c. 6. in his Magna
Conftruclio he defcribes the 24th
parallel to bethrough Catarraclonhnn ill Britain,
and makes it to be diftant from the xquator, 57 DEO QVI VIAS
Yet in his Geography he defines the
degrees.
longeft day to be jS Equinoctial hours: fo that
ET SEMITAS COM
according to his own calculation, it is diftant MENTVS EST. T. IR
.Magnum nil 5S degrees. But at this day (as the Poet fays) DAS.S.C.F.VL.L.M'
nifi noimn ha-
it hoi nothing great, but the name. For it is a very Q.VARIVS. VITA
U
Catamck-
fmall village, call'd Catarrkk, and Catarrick-bridn'
. ,
P l. c . r n LIS E.TECOS ARAM
)' eE remarka ble tor its htuation by a Roman
i

bridge.
high-way, which croiles the river here and for
SACRAM REST!
\\Rudetis, thofe heaps of rubbifh here and there, which
|i
;
TVIT
carry a face of antiquity: efpecially ne?s Kette- APKONJAMO.ETBRA
and Bmghale, which are at feme di-
richjwart, DVACOS
ftancefrom the bridge ; and more eaftward, hard
by the river, where I faw a huge mount with
the appearance of four bulwarks, call tip with 6 A Now,
J £B_
BR1GJ NTES. 924
Bedal, fituatc upon another little river that runs Eedal.
Now, from all this, why fhould not we con- into which in the time ol King Edward
it,

clude that Tbomburrow, belonging to Burgh-hall, the firft glory 'd in its Baron Brian Fitz.-Alan, Fitz-Alan.
was the Vicus juxta Catana'dam fmce Catarkk-
; of a very ancient Family, being dcicended irom
bridge, and the grounds adjoyning, belong not the Dukes of Britain and the Earls of Rich-
to Catarick, but to Brough ? In this place, we mond but, for want of ifiue-male, this inhe-
:

will alfo add the following Infcription, ritance came by daughters to the Stapktcn:., and
the Greys of Rotherfeld.
The Swale being now pail Richmond ("hi re,
draws nearer to the lire, where it {cos Topcliffe, Topcliffe.
the chief feat of the Percics, call'd by Marianus
Taben-chjre ; who fays, that in the year 5)49.
the States of Northumberland took an oath of
Allegiance there, to King Eldred the Weft-
Saxon, brother to Edmund; [But Ingulphus,
who had better opportunities than Marianus to
know that matter, fays, it Was done by Chan-
cellor Ttirketyl at York.1 At the very conflu-
ence of the two rivers, ftands Mitton, a very Mitttin,
(mail village, but memorable for no fmall
(laughter there. For, in the year 13 19, when
England was extremely weaken'd by a Plague,
the Scots continu'd their Ravages to this place,
tjpon the South-end of the bridge, flands a
a confiderable body of Priefls
little Chapel of Hone, where tradition fays, and eafily routed
and Peafants, which the Archbilhop of York
Mafs was formerly faid every day at eleven a
had drawn together againft them. But to re-
clock, for the Benefit of Travellers, who would
turn. From Catavrachmnin^ the military-way
flay and hear it.]
falls into two roads. That towards the north
What it fuffer'd from the Picls and Saxons,
Caldwell, and by Aldburgh (that is, an Caldwell.
when they laid wafte the Cities of Britain with lies by
old burgh.) By what name this formerly went, I Aldburgh,
fire and fword, we have no certain account ;

cannot eafily guefs. It feems to have been a

yet after the S.ixon Government was eftablifli'd
great City from its large ruins ; and near it,
it feems to have flourifh'd ( tho' Bede always
through a village called Stanwig, lies a ditch a-
calls it a village,) till in the year 769. it was
bout eight miles long, drawn between the Tees
burnt by Eanredus or Beanredus the tyrant,
f Conwlfit. ]10 -[ deflroy'd the Kingdom of Northum- and the
Swale. The Way running to the
w twelve miles off, comes to Bowes, 4- Cmium,
berland. But immediately after, he bim- \ north-weft,
and CatarraBonium at prefent a little village, and fometimes writ Bowes.
felf was miferably burnt,
Bough; where, in former ages, the Earls of
began to raife its head again for, in the 77th
:

Richmond had a fmall caflle, and a tribute

year after, King Ethclred folemniz'd his mar-
called T'horough-T'oll, and their Gallows. But
riage with the daughter of Ofta, King of the
it was call'd in Antoninus's
Mercians, in this place. Yet it did not conti- more anciently,
Itinerary Lavatra and Levatra ; as both the di- LavatrsJ
nue long in a flourifhing condition ; for in thofe
fiance and the fituation by a military way
Devaluations of the Danes which follow'd, it
(which is here viftble by the ridge) do plainly
was utterly deflroy'd.
The Swale, after a long courfe (not without demonftrate. The
Antiquity of it is further
confirmed by an old Stone in the Church (us'd
Hornby, obftru&ions) flows pretty near Hornby, a caille
* not long ago for a Communion-table) with * S° faid,
of the family of S. Quintin, which afterwards
Infcription in honour of Hadrian the anr * l6 ° 7 '

came to the Cogniers ; and, except pleafant pa- this

Emperor.
ftures and country villages, fees nothing but

IMP. CjESARI divitraiani parthici. Max filio.

DIVI NERV.E NEPOTI TRAIANO. Hadna

NO AVG. PONT. MAXM.
COS. I. P.P. COH. IDI. F.
IO. SEV.

This fragment was alfo dug-up there.

DAE FORTVN.E
. .
Mead of
VIRIVS LVPVS Dexfonunte.

LEG. AVG. PR. PR.

BALINEVM VI
NO CAE
L. IGNIS E XV ST-
FRONTINVS. VM. COH. I. THR-
COH. I. THRAC. ACVM REST-
ITVIT. CVRANTE
V A L. FRON-
TONE PR^F
In Severus's reign, when Virius Lupus was EQ. ALAE VETTO.
Legate and Propraetor of Britain, the ru'if Co-
hort of the T'hratiam was garrifon'd here ,"

which he reftored the Balneum or Bath (called
Balineum, r
alfo Balineum,) as appears from this Infcription
Balneum.
which was remov'd hence to Gmnington, the
houfe of the moil; famous and learned Sir Ro-
Here, I muft correcf an errour in thofe, who,
from a falfe draught of this Infcription which
has it Balingium corruptly for Balineum, imagine
the place to have been call'd Balijigittm for up- ;

lert Cotton, Knight. on a nearer infpecf ion, it plainly appears to be

Balineum
 RIC H MO NDSHIRE. 926
Balneum in the ftouc : A word, ufed for Balne-
um by the ancients, as the learned very well
know who are not
j ignorant, that Baths were
as, well us'd by Soldiers as any other per-
form, both for the fake .or" health and cleanli- DEAt MMPHAI
nefs (for in that age, they were wont to wafil
every days before they eat ; ) and alfo that
NEINBRICA*ET
Baths, both publick and private, were built in IAIYVAR1A XET
all places at fuch a lavifh rate, that the man
Seneca. IBINVS MV
thought himfdf poor and mean, who had not the
See Flint-
walls of his Bath fhining with great and coflly IOSO MRVN
fhire.
* Orbibus. * Boffeu In thefe, men and Women wafn'd
promil'cuoufly ; though that was often prohi-
bited, both by the Laws of the Emperours,
and by Synodical Decrees.
the decline of the Roman Empire, a
In .
In this Tract alfo, hard by, is Eggleflon, where Eggleflon-

f Band of theExpkratores, with their Prefect Conan Earl of Richmond built a Monaftery Abbey,

under the command of the * Governour of Bri- (which hath by feveral Writers been mifplaced Ca ,

at Eggkjlon in the Bifhoprick of Durham, about

tain, had their Station here ; as is mauifefl Speed.'
the where nam'd Lavatres. miles higher,
on the Tees;) where aIfo,HarpsfieId,
five
from Notitia, it is

Now, feeing thefe Baths were alfo call'd La- out of the Rocks, they hew Marble.!
•vacra by the Latins, perhaps fome Critick will
Here begins that mountainous and vafl: trad,
imagin that this place was call'd Lavaera in- always expos'd to wind and weather which ,•

ftead of Lavatra; yet I fliould rather derive it being rough and jhny is call'd by the Inhabi-
from that hard by, which I hear is tants, Stanemore
little river it is defolate and foIitaryStanemore.
:

call'd This modern name Bowes (fee- throughout j except one Inn in the middle forSpitcle on
haver.
the entertainment of Travellers and near this, Stinemore
ing the old Town was burn'd down, according
'
:

the remainder of a Crofs, which we call

to"^ a tradition among the Inhabitants ) feems
to me to be deriv'd from that accident. For Rere-crofs, and the Scots, Rei-crofs, that is, aRere-erofs.
that which is burn'd with fire, is call'd by the Royal Crofs. Hector Boetius, the Scotch Hifto-
Britains, Boeth and fo the Suburbs of Chefter rian, fays, that this Stone was fet for a boun-
;

beyond the Dec, which the Englifh call Han- dary between England and Scotland, when _

bridge, is called by the Welfh or Britons, from

William the firft gave Cumberland to the Scots,
its being burn'd down in a Welfh in-road, 7re-
upon this condition, that they fhould hold it
of him by fealty, and attempt nothing to the
both, that is, a little burnt Town.

Greata- FNot far from Bowes, is Greata-bridge, where prejudice of the Crown of England. Somewhat
bridee. has been a Camp of the Romans, and their old lower, juftfcy the Roman Military way, was a
Coins are often found here, and of late alfo fmall Roman Fort of a fquare form, which is
an Altar with this Infcription, now call'd Maidm-caftle, From hence, as I had it Maidtan-
from the Borderers, this Military Roman waycaftle.
ran with many windings to Caer Vorran.
As the favour of Princes vary'd, there have Earls of Rich-
been feveral Earls of Richmond, and of diffe- mond *
rent families : of whom I will give you the
SuccefTion, with all the accuracy and certainty
that I can. Alan Rufus, Earl of Britain in Ar-

MM MM morica ; Alan Niger, to whom William the Con-

queror gave this County ; Stephen Earl of Bri-
tain his brother; Alan Earl of Britain, the foil

miM NV of Stephen. Conanus Earl of Britain, his fon, About this

who by the affiftance of Henry the fecond t me > 0ver ** '

King of England, recover'd Britain from &%%%£*

MLW 'BR Father-in-law the Sheriff of Porhoe^ who had tiotfd as Earl
feis'd it: Henry theof Ricbwend,
Geoffrey Plant agenet, ion of
fecond King of England, whofe firft wife was
id 'ET Conftantia, only daughter of Conanus Arthur :

his fon, who is fa id to have been made away

MM by King John. Upon this account King John

was certainly impeach'd by the French as Duke
of Normandy ; and they pafs'd Sentence upon Normandy
him, tho* he was abfent, unheard, had made no taken from
confolfion, nor was convicl ; and yet they ad-? s Kl a§ ° f i

judg'd him deprived of Normandy and his he-

Rookby, And at Rookby, in the neighbourhood of
reditary Lands in France. Whereas he had pub-
Great a-bridge, an Altar with the following In- licity promis'd to
anfwer before the Judicature
fcription wasdug-up in the year 1702.
at Paris concerning die death of Arthur, who,
as his Subject, had taken an oath of Allegiance
to him, and yet had broken the fame, and
raifed a rebellion, and was taken prifoner in
the courfe of the war. At that time, que-
Ition was Whether the Peers of France
rais'd,
could Judges upon a Crown'd head, that
fit

is, upon their Superiour feeing every greater

;

dignity, m
it were drowns theMs, and the King

of England and Duke of Normandy at that

time was the felf-fame perfon. But to put an
end to this digreffion : After Arthur, there fuc-
ceeded
**-

927 BRIG ANT ES.

ceeded in the Earldom of Richmond, Guy Vilr of Lenox and Earl of March, was created Duke
count of Thouars, fecond husband or Conftantia ot Richmond by King Charles the firft, Aug.
atorefaid ; Ranulph the third, Earl of Chefter, 8. 1641, and was iucceeded by his Son Efmei

third husband of the faid Conftantia who, dying young in the year 1 660, was
Peter de :

Dreux, defcended from the Blood-royal of fucceeded by Charles Earl ok Lichfield his
France, who rr.arry'd Alice only daughter ot Coufin-german. Which faid Charles dying with-
Conftantia by her husband Guy of 'Thouars. Pe-out iflue, Charles Lenos natural Son ol King
ter of Savoy, Uncle ot Eleanor, Confort to King
Charles the fecond, was created, Aug. p. 1675.
Henry the third who finding the Nobility Baron ot Setrivgton, Earl of March, and Duke
;

and Commons of England much incens'd againft of Richmond^

Foreigners, voluntarily renoune'd this honour :

John Earl of Britain, Son of Feter de Dreux : There are reckon d in this County 104 great Parifhes,
John the firft Duke of Britain, and ion of him be/tdes Chapels of Eafe.
who marry 'd Beatrice daughter of Henry the
third King of England. He had iifue, Arthur
Duke of Britain, who, according tofome Wri-
ters, was alfo Earl of Richmond : Certain it More rare Plants growing wild in Yorkshire.
jfrtb-ois is, that John his younger brother, prcfently
af-
noc Earl of death of his father,
enjoy 'd this ho-
ter c [le Allium monranum bicorae purpureum prolife-
CO tllC ancient ArmS ° f rum.
FroWu/ aSnour >
who added Purple-flower' d mountain Garlich. On the
hasitj but of Dreux, v.ith the Canton of Britain, the Lions fears of the Mountains near Settle. See the defcrip-
f England in bordure. He was Governour tion of it in Synopfis method, ftirpium Britannica-
Beilomont. * of
Lib. Feod. Scotland under Edward the fecond, where he rum.
Bliclimondix.
* Cuftos. was kept prifoner three years, and at lair, dy d Alfine pufilla pulchro flore, folio tenuiflimo
without iflue in the reign of Edward the third; noftras. Small fine Mountain-chickweed with a
and John Duke of .Britain his Nephew, the fon milk-white flower. In the Mountains about Settle
of Arthur, fucceeded in this Earldom. He dy- plentifully.
ing without iifue, at a time when the Dutchy Bitolium minimum J.B. Ophris minima C.B.
Britain was warmly contended for, Edward The le-aft Twayblade. On the Heaths and Moors
f Between or f
John da Mm the third, to advance his Intereft in France, among the Furz,e in many places. As en Blackay-
tefirti, and c t0 j orin £ ar j f Montford ( who had moor in the way to Gisburgh near Scaling-damm,
and
in the Moor near Almondbury.
of Biois. all this Earldom, till fuch time as he mould Calceolus Maria; Ger. Damafonii fpecies qui-
recover his Lands in France; he feeming pre- bufdam ieu Calceolus D. Maria- J. B. Ellebo-
ferable to the daughter of his brother deceas'd, rine major feu Calceolus Maris Park. Ladies
as he was a Man, was nearer ally'd, and flipper. At the endof Helks-wood near Ingleborough.
as he

as he had a better title in Law. His lands be- Campanula cymbalaria foliis. Ger. Park. Ten-
ing at length regained by means of the Englifh, der Ivy-leaf d Bell-flower. I have obferved it in wa-
the fame King gave this to John of Gaunt his tery places about Sheffield.
fon, who at lad reftor'd it to the King his fa- Cannabis fpuria flore luteo amplo, labio pur-
ther for other Lands in exchange. The King pureo. Fair-flower 'd Nettle-hemp. In the moun-
forthwith created John Earl of Montford (the tainous parts of this Country, among the Com plenti-
fecond Duke of Britain, firnam'd the Valiant, fully.
to whom he had marry 'd his daughter) Earl of Carum feu Careum Ger. Carum vulgare
Richmond, that he might oblige him to his in- Park. Caraways. In the paflures about Hull plen-
tereft by the ft range ft ties ; being a warlike tifully, jo that they gather the Seed therefor the
ufe of
man, and an inveterate enemy to the French. the fhops.
Yet, by Authority of Parliament, in the 14th Caryophyllata montana purpurea Ger. emac.
year of Richard the ftcond, he wasdepriv'd ot montana feu paluftris purpurea Park, aquatica
this Earldom, tor adhering to the French againft nutante flore C. B. aquatica, flore rubra ftriato
the Englifh. However, he retain'd the title, J.B. Purple- Avens. In the Mountains mar the
and left it to his pofterity. The Eftate be- Rivulets and Water-courfes about Settle, Ingleborough,
longing to the Earldom was given by the King and other places in the Weft and North-ridings of
to Joan of Britain his lifter, widow of Ralph this County. Mr. Lawfon hath obferued this with
Bajfet of Draiton. After her death, firft Ralph three or four rows of leaves in the flower.
Ntvil Earl ot Weftmorland, by the bounty of Caryophyllus marinus minimus Ger. monta-
Henry the fourth, had the Caftle and County nus minor C. B. Thrift or Sea-Gillyflower. Mr.
of Richmond for term of Life ; and then, John LawTon found this in Bleaberry-gill at the head of
Duke of Bedford. Afterwards, Henry the Stockdale-fields not far from Settle : fo that it may not
iixth confer'd the title of Earl of Richmond up- improperly be call'd mountainous as -well as mari-
on Edmund de Hadham his brother by the mo- time.
ther's fide, with this peculiar privilege, That he Cerafus avium nigra racemofa Ger. race- &
fhould take place in Parliament next to the Dukes. mofa frucfu non eduli C. B. avium racemofa
To him fucceeded Henry his fon, afterwards Park, racemofa quibufdam, aliis Padus J. B.
King of England by the name of Henry the The Wild-clufter-cherry, or Birds-cherry. In the
feventh. But while he was in exile, George mountainous parts of the Weft-riding of this
Duke of Clarence, and Richard Duke of Glo- County.
cefter, had this County beftow'd upon them by ChriftophorianaGVr. vulgaris Park, Aconitum
King Edward the fourth their brother. Next, racemofum, Achca quibufdam J. B, racemofum,
Henry, a natural Son of Henry the eighth, was an Adtea Plinii 1. 27. c. 7. C. B. Herb-Chriftopher
D kesof by n s father invefted Duke of Richmond; but or Baneberries. In Hafelwood-woods near Sir Walter
'

Richmond. in the year of our Lord 153J. he dy*d with- Vavafors Park-pale : alfo among the Shrubs by Mal-
out ill He. ham-Cave.
["Next after Henry- Fitz,-Roy, Lodowick, Duke Cirfium Britannicum repens Clufii J. B. aliud
of Lenox, was created Earl of Richmond, 1 1 Anglicanum Park, iingulari capitulo fquamato,
jac. 1. Oct. 6, and atterwards in 1623. Duke vel incanum alterum C.B. The great Englifh foft
of Richmond. After him, James Stewart, Duk or gentle Thiftle, or Melancholy Thiftle. In the
Maun-
929 TORKSHIRE.
Mountains about Ingleborough and elfewbere in the flore quafi fpicato J. B. Yellow loofe flrife, with
Wejl-riding of Torkfhh globular fpike or tuft of flowers. Found by Mr.
Cochlearia rotundifolia Ger. folio fubrotundo Dodjworth in the Eafi-Riding of this County.
C. B. Common round leav'd Scurvj-grafs. This, M. Mufcus clavatus five Lycopodium Ger.
though it ujually be accounted a Sea-plant, yet we Park. Ciub-mofs or Wolfs-claw.
found growing plentifully upon Stanemore near
it the Mufcus clavatus foiiis Cupreili C. B. Ger. emac.
Spittle; and upon Penigent and Ingkborough-hilh ; in clavatus cupreffiformis Park, terreftris ramofus
which places, by reajon of the coldnefs of the air it is pulcher J. B. Sabina fylveftris Trag. Selaginis
fo little, thatit hath been taken for a difiincl Species, Pliniana: prima fpecies Thai. Cyprefs-mofs or
and call'd Cochlcaria minor rotundifolia; but its Heath cyprefs.
Seed being taken and fown in a warm Garden, it Mufcus terreftris rcpens, clavis fingularibus
foon confeffes its Species, growing to the dimenfions of foliofis eredis. Smaller creeping Club-mofs with
the common Garden Scurvy-grajs. erefl Heads.
Conyza Helenitis foiiis laciniatis. "Jagged- Mufcus ereitus Abietiformis nobif. terreflris
leavd Fleabane-mullet. About a fiones-cafi from the re5tus7. B. Selago 3. Thalii. Upright fir-mlfs.
Eafi-md of Shirley-Pool near Rufhy-moor. P. B. Mufcus terreftris rectus minor polyfpermos.
This hath been already mention d in fever al Counties. Seeding mountain moffe. All thefe forts are found upon
Erica baccifera procumbens nigra C. B. Black- Ingleborough hill The laft about fprings and watery
berried heathy Crow-berries, or Crake-berries. On places. The firfl and third are common to ?nofl of the
the boggy mountains or moors plentifully. moors and fells in the north of England.
Fucus five Alga tinetoria P. B. Diets wrack. Ornithogalum luteum C. B. Park, luteum feu
It is often cafl on thefbore near Bridlington. Cepe agraria Ger. Bulbus fylveftris Fuchfii flore
Fungus piperatus albus, lafteo fucco turgens luteo, feu Ornithogalum luteum J. B. Tellow
C. B. Pepper Mufhrome with a milky juice. Found Star of Bethlehem. In the wtods in the northern part
by Dr. Lifier in Morton woods under Pinno-moor in of Torkjfyire by the Tees-fide, near Greata-bridge and
Craven plentifully. ^rignall.
batrachioides montanum noftras.
Geranium Pentaphylloides frudicofa Sbrub-Ciuquefoil. On
An batrachioides minus feu alterum Cluf. hift. 1 thefouth bank of the river Tees below a village called
batrachioidesminus Park ? batrachioides folio Thorp as alfo below Eggleflon Abbey. At Mickle
•

AconitiC B. ? batrach. aliud folio Aconiti ni- Force in Teefdale there are thoufands of thefe plants.
tente Clufii J- B. ? Mountain Crowfoot-Cranesbill. PentaphyUum parvum hirlutum J. B. Small
In the mountainous meadows and bufhets in the Wefl- rough Cinauefoil. In the paftures about Kippax, a
Riding. village three miles diftant
from Pontefral'l.
G. Geranium mofchatum Ger. Park. Musked Pyrola Ger. J. B. noftras vulgaris Park. Com-
Cranes-bill, commonly called Musk or Mufcovy. It mon Winter-green. We found it near Halifax, by
isto be found growing common in Craven. Dr. Lifier the way leading to Kighley; but mofl plentifully on
is my Author. the moors fouth of Heptenftali in the way to Burnley
C. Gnaphalium montanum album five Pes for near a mile's riding.
cati. Mountain-Cudweed or Cats-foot. Upon Ingle- Pyrola folio mucronato ferrato C. B. ferrato
borough and other bills in the Wefi-Riding : alfo in
J. B. tenerior Park. Secunda tenerior Clufii
Scosby-leas near Doncafier. Ger. Sharp-pointed Winter-green with ferrate leaves.
Helleborine foiiis Iongis auguftis acutis. Ba- In Hafelwood-vjoods near Sir Walter Vavafors
ftard Hellebore with long narrow fharp-pointed leaves. park.
Under Bracken-brow near Ingleton. At the end of Polygonatum floribus ex fingularibus pedi-
a wood near Ingleborough, where the Calceolus culis J. B. latifolium flore majore odoro C. B.
Maria: grows. majus flore majore Park, latifolium 2. Clufii Ger.
Helleborine altera atro-rubente 'flore C. B Sweet-fmelling Solomon s fe.d, with flowers on Jingle
Elleborine flore atro-rubente Park. Bafiard Hel- foot-fialks. On the ledges of the fears or cliffs near
lebore with a blackifjj flower. In the fides of the Settle and Wharf.
mountains near Malbam, four miles from Settle Primula veris flore rubro Ger. Cluf Paralyfis
plentifully i efpecially at a place cah'd Cordil or the minor Hore rubro Park-parad. Verbafculum
IVbern. umbellatum Alpinum minus C. B. Birds-eyn.
Hieracium montanum Cichorei folio noilras. In the mountainous meadows about Ingleborough and
An Hieracium Britannicum Cluf. Suaory-leavd elfewbere in moifi and watery places,
mountain Hawkweed. In moifi and boggy places in Pyrola Allines flore Europza C. B. Park.
fame woods about Burnley. Herba trientalis
J. B. Winter-green with Chick-
Hordeum polyfticbon J.B. polyfHchon hyber- weed flowers. At tlie eafl end of the Rumbles-mear
num C B. polyftichon vel hybernum Park. Win- near Helwick.
ter or fquare Barley, or Bear-barley, called in the Pyrola
Alfines flore Brafiliana C. B. prod.
North-country Big. "i'bis endures the winter, and is Winter-green Chickweed Found near Gk-
of Brafil.
not fo tender as the common Barley ; and is therefore burgh Cleveland, as wai attefled to me by Mr*
fown infiead of it in the mountainous part of this Lawfon.
country, and aH the North over. Ranunculus globofus Ger. Park, parad. flore
M.Lilium convalh'um Ger. Lilly convally or globofo, quibufdam Trollius flos J. B. monta-
May-liUy. On Ingleborough and other bills. nus Aconiti folio, flore globofo C B. Indeed it
Lunaria minor Ger. Park, botrytis J. B. race- ought to be entitled an Aconite or Wolfsbane with a
mofa minor vel vulgaris C. B. Moonwort. Tho Crowfoot flower. The Globs-flower or Locker gowlons.
this grows fomew here or other in mofi Counties of Eng- In the mountainous meadows, and by the fides of the
land; yet have I not found it any where in that plenty, mountains and near water-courfes plentifully.
and jo rank and large, as en the tops of fame moun- Ribes vulgaris fructu rubro Ger. vulgaris aci-
tains near Settle. dus ruber J. B. fru&u rubro Park. Groffularia
Lvlimachia Chamasnerion dicta latifoHa C. B. fylveftris rubra C. B. Red Qtrrans. In the woods
Chanrnierion Ger. Chamamerion Bore Delphinii in the northern part of this County, about Greata-
Park, minus recte. Rofe-bay. Willow-herb. In bridge, &c.
the meadows near Sheffield, and in divers othe; Ribes Alpinus dulcis J. B. Sweet Moun~
places. tain-Curram. Found in this County by Mr. Dodf-
Lylimachia lutea flore globofo Ger. Park, bi- wortb.
folia More globofo luteo C. B. altera lutea Lobelii,
6 B Rho-
 IHHw^fl

J P3 E BRIGANTES. 93;
Rhodia radix omnium Autorum. Telephiurh field, Wakefield, ike. among the Corn plentifully.
rofeum re<5tius. Rojewort. On the rocks on the Irachelium majus Bclgarum. Giant Threat'
north-fide of Ingleboyoitgh hill plentifully. tuort. Every where among the Mountains.
Rofa pomifera major noftraS.
fyiveftris Rof; Thaliccrum minus Ger. Park C. B. The
leffer
pomiiera major Park, par ad. The greater 'Engliftj Meadow-rue. Nothing more common on the Rocks
Apple-Rofe. In the mountainous parts of this County about Malham and Wharfe.
it is 'very frequent. Thlafpi foliis Globulari*
J. B. montanum
Rofmarinum fylveftre minus noftras Park. Glafh folio minus Park. C. B. opp. In the moun-
Ledum paluftre poti'us dicendum. Wild Rofe- tainous paftures going from Settle to
Malham, plen-
mary or Marfh Holy Rofe. On Moffes and moorifo tifully.
grounds. Thlafpi pel potius Leucoinm five Lunaria vaf-
Rubus faxatilis Ger. Alpinus faxatilis Park. culofublongo intorto. Lunar Violet
with an ob-
Alpinus Humilis J. B. Chamxrubus faxatilis long wreathen cod.
On the fides of the Mountain*,
C. B. The fione-Brambh or Rafpis. On the fides oj Ingleborough and Hinckel-haugh,
in moifl places, and
Ingleborough hill, and other hills in the Weft-Riding. where waters
fpring.
Salix rolio laureo feu lato glabra odorato. Vaccinia Nubis Ger. Chamsmorus Cluf.
Bay-leavd fvicet Willow. In the mountainous parts Anglica Park, item Cambro-bri
tannics ejufdem.
of the Weft- Riding, by the
rivers and rivulets. Rubo Idaro minori affinis Chamsemorus B. J.
Salix piimila montana folio rotundo Chamsmorus
J. B. folio Ribes Anglica C. B. Cloud-
Round-leavd mountainous dwarf Willow. On the berries, Knot-ben-ies, or Knout-berries. This I found
rocks upon the top of Ingleborough
hill, on the north plentifully growing
and bearing fruit on Hinckel-haugh
fide : and on an hill called
Whernfide over-againft In- near Settle. I have found it alfo in Ingleborough and
gleborough on the other fide of the Jubterraneous river. Pendle hills,
but not in flower and fruit. Both Ge-
Sedum Alpinum cricoids csruleum B. rard and Parkinfon make txuo Plants
C.
of it.
jf. B. Mountain Sengreen with Heath-like Valeriana Grarca Ger. Park.
leaves,
Grxca quorun-
and large purple flowers. On the uppermoft rocks on
dam, colore cxruleo &
albo J. B. cserutea C. B.
the north-fide of Ingleborough. Greek Valerian, which the vulgar call Ladder to Hea-
Sedum minus Alpinum luteum noftras. Small ven, and "Jacob's Ladder. Found
by Br. Lifter in
yellow mount ain-Sengr em. On the fides of Inglebo Carleton-beck in the falling of it into the river
Are :
rough-hill about the rivers andfpringing waters on the but more
plentifully both with a blue flower and
a
north-fide of the hill plentifully. white about Malham-cove, in the Wood on the
left
Sedum Alpinum trifido folio C. B. Alpinun hand of the water as you go to the Cove
plentifully, at
laciniatis Ajugfc foliis Park, Sedis affinis trX alfo at Cordill or the Whern, a remarkable
Cove,
fulca Alpina Hore albo B. Small mountain- where there comes out a great ftream of water near
J.
Sengreen with jagged leaves. On Ingleborough and the J aid Malham.
many other hills in the north part of this County, To thefe Ifhall add a Plant, which tho' perchance
Sedum purpureum pratenfc J. B. minus pa- it be not originally native
of this County, yet is plant-
luftre Ger. arvenfe feu paluftre flore rubente ed and cultivated
in large Gardens at PontefraB
for
Park, paluftre iubhirfutum purpureum C
B. [ale; and hath been taken notice of by Ciraden
and
Small Mttrfb-Sengreen. On the moifl Rocks about Speed ; that is,
Ingleborough hill, as you go from the hill to Horton Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger.emac. vulg. filiquofa
in Ribbles-dale in a ground where Peat is got in great Park, filiquofa
vel Germanica C. B. radice re-
plenty. pente, vulgaris Germanica
J. fi. Common li-
Sideritis arvenfis latifolia hirfuta flore luteo. quorice. The quality of this Plant in taking away
Broad-leav d rough Field-Ironwort with a large flower. the
fenfe oj hunger and thirft, we have taken notice
of
In the Weft-riding of Torkfbire about Sheffield, Bar- in Cambridgefhire-Catalogue.

The BISHOPRICK of DURHAM.

[HE
Bifhoprick of Durham (for the Appennine of England, which I have al-
lies north of Yorkshire,
Durefme, ready fpoken of, cuts it at this angle.) But on
and is ftlaped like a Triangle ; the Eail part, or the bafis of this triangle, as
i
Afc* the * top whereof lies to the alio at the fides of it, the ground is made very
weft, being made there by the fruitful by tillage, and the returns are anfwer-
meeting of the North boundary able to the pains of the husbandman; being
and the 7e«-head. That fide enamell'd with Meadows, Paftures, and Corn-
of it towards the South, is bounded all along fields, and thick-fet with Towns in all parts of
by the courfe of the river Tees. The other it, and abounding in Coal ; which is ufed for
which lies Northward, runs in a fhort line from
fewel in fo many places. Some would have this
the top of the Triangle to the river Derwent, Coal to be a black
earthy bitumen, others to be
and thence is bounded by the Derwent it felf, Jeat, and others the Lapis Thradus ; all which,
till it receives the little river Chopwell; and
after that great Mafter of Mineral learning, Gewgius _
that, by the river Tine. The bafis of this tri- Agricola, proves to be the very fame. For cer- '

angle which lies Eaftward, is formed by the tain, this of our's is nothing
but bitumen, har-
Sea-lhore, which the German Ocean beats upon den'd and concocted
by the heat under ground ;
with great rage and violence. for it has the fame fmell with bitumen ; \ and if * Th ' ! !s P r °"
In that parr where it is contracted into the water be fprinkled on it, it burns
top-angle, the fields are naked, the woods few, "id
the hotter
the clearer; but whether or no it isowhere,
E^S't*
u
and the hills bald, but not without veins of quenched with oyl, I have not try'd.
If the quenched
Iron; but the Vales produce grafs pretty well Lapis Obfidianus be in
England, I fllould take ""> water,
. and flames
a with Oyl.
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 5>33 The BISHOPRICK of DURHAM. 934
it for which
that is in other parts of the torleited to them, and not to the King ; nay the
Found
Kingdom, and commonly goes by the name of common people, infixing upon privilege, have
Canole Coal: for that hard, Alining, light, and refus'd to go to the Avars in Scotland under the
is

apt to cleave into thin Hakes, and to burn out as King. For they pleaded (thefe are the words of
foon as kindled. But let us leave thefe points the Hiilory of Durham) that they -were Halt-
to fuch perfons as pry into the fecrets of nature. werke jolkes-, i. e-. regiflerd or inrolled for holy
This whole County, with others bordering work: "That they held their Lands to defend the

and the other holding out the Arms of the and their Officers, they did juflice to all Perfons
J
Bifboprick. The Bifhops have alfo had their in all Cafes, without either the King, or any
Royalties, fo that the Goods of Outlaws were lot" his Bat lifts or Officers interfering ordinarily
in
r*-

J
933 The BISHOP RICK of"DU RH AM. 934
that which is found in other
it for parts of the forfeited to them, and not to the King ; nay the
Kingdom, and commonly goes by the name of common people, inditing upon privilege, have
Canole Coal : hard, fhining, light, and refus'd to go to the Wars in Scotland under the
for that is

apt to cleave into thin flakes, and to burn out as King. For they pleaded (thefe are tlie words of
foon as kindled. But let us leave thefe points the Hiitory of Durham) that they were Hali-
to fuch perfons as pry into the fecrets of nature. werke folkes, i. e. regijler'd or inrolkd for holy
This whole County, with others bordering work : "That they held their Lands to defend the
upon it, is call'd by the Monkifh Writers The body of St. Cuthbert, and that they ougfo not
St.Cutbbert's-^K^ or Patrimony of St. Cuthbert. For fo they to march out of the confines of their Bifhoprick,
Patrimony, call'd all that belong'd to the Church of Dur- namely beyond the "Tine and the Tees, either for the
ham, of which Cuthbert is efteeuied Patron King, or for the Bifhop.
-
But Edward the firft
land fo, Creke in Yorkfhire, Bedlington, Northam. abridged them of thefe Liberties. For he (vo-
and Noly-Ifland, Shires in Northumberland, are luntarily intei'poiing himfelt as mediator between
to this day parts of the County Palatine, and as Anthony Bee Bifhop, and the Prior, who had then
fuch have the benefit of the Courts at Durham.'] a fharp contelt about certain Lands, and at laft
St. Cuthbert, in the very infancy of the Saxon would not ftand to his determination ; for, as
Church, was Bifhop of Lindefame, and led fuch others will have it, provoked by that Bifhop 's
a holy and upright Life, that he was kalendar'd (iding with the Earls Marefchal and Hereford,)]
for aSaint. And our Kings and Noblemen (be- feiz,ed (as my Author fays) the Liberty of the Bi-
lieving him to be their Guardian-Saint againfl fhoprick into his own hands, and then were many
the Scots) have not only gone often in pilgri- things fearched into, and their privileges abridgd in
mage to his Body, which continu'd long entire many particulars. However, the Church reco-
and uncorrupted, as fome Writers would per- vered its Rights afterwards, and F (except-
fwade us; but alio endow'd hisChurch with very ing certain Liberties taken away by Statute, 2 7 Hen. 8.

great poffeffions, and many immunities. King and annex'd to the Crown)] held tfiem with-
Egfrid gave large Revenues in the very City out diminution till Edward the fixth's time ;
of York, and alfo Creake, which I have fpoken of, to whom (that Bifhoprick being diflolv'd) the
and the City Luguballia or Carlifle, to Cuthbert Parliament gave all its Revenues and Immunities.
himfelf in his life-time, as it is in the Hiftory of But immediately after, Que.'ii Mary had this
Durham- FBut yet his Charter (be it true or A(5t of Parliament repeaU d, and \ (except the
counterfeit) mentions no fuch thing. Simeon forefaid Liberties)] reflor'd all entire to the
Dunelmmfis indeed (or rather Abbot Turgot) tells Church ; which it enjoys at this day. For
us, that Creake was given him by this King, James Pilkington, Bifhop, commenced a fuit with
"That in his way to and from York, he might Queen Elizabeth, tor the Lands and Goods of
have a Alan/ion to reft at. But this only inti- Charles Nevil Earl of Weftmorland, and other
mates, that St. Ciahhett might have trequent out-laws in thisCounty, who had been in actual
occasions to travel to York ; probably, to rebellion ; and had profecuted the fuit, if the
attend the Court, which the Hiftorian fup- Parliament had not interpofed, and for that time
pofes to have been moft commonly refident in (fo the words are) adjudged it to the Queen, in.
that City.l King Alfred, and Guthrun the Dane confideration of the great charge fhe had been
Malmes. l.u.^hom
he * fet over the Northumbrians) after- at, in refcuing both the Bifhop and the Bi-
'*'5ee below w ar ^ s gave a '^ tne Land between the river Were, fhoprick from the rebels.
and the 'fine (thefe are the words of an old fThe Palatine Right of the Bifhopsof Durham \t s palatine
Book) to Cuthbert, and to thofe that fhotdd minifler is founded upon Prefcriptton Immemorial, be-Rights.
in that Church, for ever that they might not be in caufe there is no Record of its being granted
;

•want, but have enough to live upon moreover, they by any Princes before the Conqueft or fince,
:

made his Church an Afylum or Sanctuary for fugi- wherein it is not fuppdled to have been grant-
tives, that whofoever upon any account fhould fly to ed alfo by their Predeceilbrs. It proceeded at
his Body, foould have peace there for thirty feven days, firfi: trom a principle of Devotion to St. Cuth-
not to be violated on any pretence whatfoever. fAs to bert, that whatever Lands were given to him,
Guthrun before-mentioned (whom ourHiftorians or bought with his money, he fhould hold
call alfo Guthredus, Cuthredus, Gormo, and Gur- them with the fame freedom that the Princes
mundus ) however it is faid, that he was Lieute- who gave them, held the reft of their Eftatcs.
nant to the great King yElfred in the Kingdom of But this piety to the Saint was not without its
Northumberland yet, according to others, he Prudential purpofes all along, both for the fervice
;

was no more fo, than jElfred was his Deputy of the Crown in the wars of Scotland, and alfo
in that of the Weft-Saxons. For they two teem for the fervice of the Country, becaufe of its di-
by compact to have divided the whole Kingdom ftance from the Courts of Law above.
betwixt them, and to have jointly enacted Laws, It confifted of all manner of Royal Jurifdieti- rts Judrdiai-
which were to be mutually obferv'd both by the on, both Civil and Military, by Land and Dyon.
Englifll and Danes. And hence, fome Monks Water. For the exercife of which, the Bifhops
have taken occafion to unite them falfly, in grant- had their proper Courts ot all forts held in their
ing Charters to Monafteries, &c. But this by Name, and by their Authority; their Chancery,
the way.l King Edward and Athelftan, and Exchequer, and Court ot Pleas, as well of the
Cnuto or Canutus the Dane (who went barefoot Crown as ot the Country, and all other Pleas, and
to Cuthbert's Tomb, [from a place called Gar- AfTifes, Cemficuions and Juries, whatfoever;
mondfway, about five miles from Durha?n,y\ and all Officers belonging to them, as Chan-
not only confirm'd thefe Laws and Liberties, cellor, Juftices, High-Sheriff, Coroners, Ef-
but alfo enlarg'd them. Nor did William the cheator, and other Minifkrs, as well fuch as
Conqueror lefs, from whofe time it was rec- die Kings have been wont to have elfewhere in
kon a a County Palatine and fome of the Bi- the Kingdom, as fuch as the faid Kings have
;

A County fhops, as Counts Palatine, have gmv'd in their been wont to depute according to the exigency
Paldiine.
g ea j s a knight arm'd, fitting upon a horfe with of emergent Cafes, or for the fpecial execution
trappings, with one hand brandifhing a Sword, of Acts of Parliament. Thus, by themfelves
and the other holding out the Arms of the and their Officers, they did juflice to all Perfons
Bifhoprick. The Bifhops have alfo had their in all Cafes, without either the King, or any
Royalties, fo that the Goods of Outlaws were of his Bailiffs or OfHcers interfering ordinarily
ir*

j 935 B RIG ANTES.

in anything. Whatever qccafion the King had corporations, Markets and Fairs; for the inclo-
wichm his Writs did not run here
this Liberty, fure of Forefts, Chafes, and Warrens;
;
Li-
they were not directed as to his own Officers in cences to build Chapels, to found Chanteries and
other Counties, but to the Bifhop himfelf, or. Hofpitals; and Difpenfations with
the Statute
in the vacancy of the See, to the proper Offi- ot Mortmain ; all thefe things being
within his
cers of the Palatinate, When King Henry the property. From hence it is, that if there be
fecond fent his Juftices of AfTize hither upon an any Moors or Waftes in the County,
to which
extraordinary occaiion of Murthers and Rob no other can make title, they
fall to him, and
beries, he declared by his Charter, That he did even inclofed Eftates alfo in
that cafe efcheat to
it with the Licence of the Bifhop, and pro hac him, it being implied,
that they could not have
vice only, and that it fliould not be drawn into been inclofed without his
Grant. If any Eftates
Cuftom either in his time, or in the time of his here fall to Lunaticks or Idiots, the Bifliop
Heirs, not being done but upon abfolute necef- grants the cuftody of them, as
the King does
Jky; and that he would neverthelefs have the elfewhere ; and whiift there was fuch a thing
as
Land of St. Cuthbert to enjoy its Liberties and Wards and Liveries in the Kingdom, if any
ancient Cuftoms as amply as ever. Perfon left his Child a Minor, the cuftody of him
By virtue of thefe Privileges, there ifltied was in the Bifliop. Befides the dependance of
out of the Bifliop's Courts all forts of Writs, thofe that hold of him by Leafe or
Copy of
Original, Judicial, and Common; Writs of Court-roll ; if any Freeholders alienated
their
Proclamation upon the Exigent for Outlawries Lands without his leave, they were obliged to
from fix weeks to lix weeks, and Letters of fue to him for his Patent of
Pardon and to :

Peace upon the Return and Appearance of thi this day, all the filver paid for Licences of
Alie-
Perfons; and Writs de Excommunicato capiendo upon nation of Lands by Fines or Recoveries
which
Certificates directedfrom the Bifliop's Spiritual belongs to the King at IVefiminfter, belongs to
Capacity to his Temporal. the Bifliop here.
As all Writs went out in his name, fo he had As for the Military power, the Bifliop of Dur-
a Regifter of Writs, of as much authority as ham had his Thaines anciently,
and after-
that in the King's Courts ; and all Recogni- wards his Barons and others, who
held of him
zances enter'd upon his Clofe Rolls in his Chan- by Knights Service, as the reft of the
Haliwerk-
cery, and made to him, or in his Name, were folk held of them, by inferior Tenures. Upon
as valid within the County, as thofe made to occaiions of Danger, he called them together in
the King without. the nature of a Parliament, to advife and affift
Cap, 24.. But now the * Aft of the 27th of King with their Perfons, Dependents, and Money,
Henry the eighth, for the Reconfirming of certain for the publick fervice, either at home or abroad.
Liberties taken jrom the Crown, directs, That all And when Men and Money were
to be levied, it
Writs, Indictments, and all manner of Procefs was not done here as in other places, but
by
in Counties Palatine, fliajl be made only in the the Bifliop's Commiffions, or Writs
in his name,
King's name ; which time, all
fince thediffe- out of the Chancery at Durham for as he had
:

rence that the Style ot Proceedings in this

is in
Country from others,
is, that the Tefte of the
Writs is name of the Bifhop, according
in the
to the directions of that Aft. Still he is per-
petual Juflice ot Peace within his Territories, as
is alfo his Temporal Chancellor, becaufe the
chief Afts of the Exempt Jurifdiftion ufed to
run through his Court. All the Officers of the countable to him for their duty, as he was to
Courts, even the Judges of Affize themfclves,
have ftiil their ancient Salaries from the Bifliop,
and all the (landing Officers of the Courts are
conflituted by his Patents. When he comes in
perfon to any of the Courts of Judicature, he
fits Chief in them, thofe of Affize not ex-
cepted : and even when Judgment of Blood is
given, though the Canons forbid any Clergy-
power to coin Money, fo he had power to levy
Taxes alfo, and to raife defensible perfons within
the Bifhoprick from fixteen to fixty years of
age, and to arm and equip them for fervice.
He himfelf us'd often to go at the head of them;
however, the Officers by whom they were led,
afted by CommiiHon under him, and were ac-
the King. According as he found theirftrength,
he had power to go out againft the Scots, or
make Truces with them. One of the Biihops
built a ftrong Caftle in his Territory, upon the
Border, to defend it againft them, though, at
the fame time, if any other perfon would have
done fuch a thing in any part of his Territory,
they mull; have had his leave not the greateft
:

man to be prefent, yet the Bifliops of Durham
did, and may fit in Court in their purple Robes
upon the Sentence of Death ; whence it ufed to
be faid, Solum Dunelmenfe Stola jm dicit & Enfe.
All Dues, Amerciaments, and forfeited Recog-
nizances in the Courts of the Palatinate, be-
,
long to the Bifhop; as alfo, all Deodands. If
any Forfeitures are made, either of War, or by
Treafon, Outlawry, or Felony, even although
the Soil be the King's, they fall to the Bifhop
here, as to the King in other places. And
though the firft great wound that the Palatinate
man of the Palatinate could build or embattle
his Caftle orManor-houfe without Licence from
he Bifhop. As they depended upon him in
thefe things, fo were they free from every body
elfe ; infomuch, that when the Lord Warden of
the Marches would have fummoned fome of the
Bifliop's people to his Courts, a Letter was fent
trom the King to forbid him upon the penalty
of a thoufand pounds. But now the Militia of
this Country has been, of long time, upon the
fame foot with the reft oi the Kingdom, under
a Lord Lieutenant from the King only with
;

receiv'd, was occafioned by the Alienation of this diftinftion, That the Lieutenancy has been
Bernard- cafile and Hartlepole, upon the forfeitures here, for the moft part, though not always, in
of Baliol and Bruce, yet the Bifliop's right to the hands of the Bifliop.
them w as declared upon full hearing ; and
?

This Royal Jurifdiction extends alfo to the

tho' the poflefiion of them could not be retrieved, Sea-coafts, and Waters that lie within, or ad-
yet they itill refort to the Courts of Durham as joyning to the County Palatine, or any of its
other parts of the County do. Indeed all the Dependencies; wherein the Bifliop of Durham
Tenures ot Land in this Country do fpring ori- has ail along had a diftinft Admiralty, and held
ginally from the Bifliop, as Lord paramount in his Admiralty-Courts by proper Judges accord-
Capite. From hence proceeded his giving or ing to the Maritime laws; appointing, by his
Charters for the erection of Burroughs and In- Patents, a Vice-Admiral, Regifter, and Mar-
ina!
 The BIS HO PRICK of DURHAM- 938
fhal or Water-bailiff, and having all other Of- For whereas he makes the Tuefis and Tma
1

fleers requifite
-r..1 .. .__^t -
._
to that authority, and all the
1 :.. a.
_n ..u, u.. in —
the remoter n^n.
.«„.-,,.
parts of D.:—:
«£ Britain, now inha-
...

Privileges, Forfeitures and Profits incident there- bited by the Scots ; and the Tees and Tine are
unto, as Royal-fifties, Wrecks of the Sea, Du- the boundaries to this County if I durft cri-
:

ties for Ships applying to his Ports, Anchorage, ticife upon this ancient Geographer, I would
Beaconage, Wharfage, Moorage, Butlerage, recall them hither to their proper place, and,
Ulnagc, Metage, and other fuch like advan- as I hope, without offence to the Scottifh Na-
tages ; Keys tor Balafl or Merchant Goods, tion, who have no rivers, to which they can
Ferry-boats, Fifhings, and Dams over the Ri- truly apply thele names ; funlefs Sir George Defence of tl-.s
vers, Houfes alfo and Shops to the Midftream Mackenz,y's
Conjecture be good, that Ptolemy's Royal Line,
that borders upon his County, as on the South- TtLta, U%vks is now the March of Angus, beingP-79*
iide of Tine-bridge. To him alfo belongs the the Frith or Out-let of the river Tay ; and fo
Confervation of the Waters within his Royalty; the TsWjj ( or as fome Books have it Ta'serfsO
of the fame Ptolemy, may be left to
in purfuance of which, he ufed to iflue out Com- fl^twf
miffionsfor the prohibition, limitation or abate the
River of Tees ; and this, upon fuppofition,
in thofe Tables they are mifplaced.l
merit of Yares and other Erections in prejudice that
of hisRivers. When any Ships of War were to The Tees rifes f in Croffe-feU [upon the very-Hntbat Qo-
of
be fet forth and array 'd within the Ports of the point .tv Cumberland, dividine the Bifhoprick, 11 ^ S round
r,.- „ ,=>. €, . called Stane*
, ..

County Palatine, it was alwavs done by the trom Weftmorland firft, and then from York-' C.
Bifhop's Commiflions and Writs to his High- (hire ; tho' anciently in the upper-parts of this
Sheriff. And when the King iffued out his Or- river, the Bifhop's Royalty extended three miles
ders from his Admiralty to the High-Sheriffs of beyond it to the fouth, and fix miles to the
other MaritimeCouncies, there came none trom weft. Among the rocks, at the bottom of Te*
thence to this County, but there was a particu- afdale, alias Langden-forefl, nearDirtpeth Cha-

lar Letter from the King to the Bifhop for his pel (which is now demolifhed ) there is a re-

concurrence; whereupon the Bifhop gave his
Commiffion to his own High-Sheriff, with exprefs
command, ' That nothing fhould be done by
the King's Commiffioners without him/ It
but very lately, that any inftance was known of
the Admiralty's being feparated from the Ei-
ihoprick, and it is now again reftor'd, though
with fome diminution in the Honour.
This is fome account of the Palatine Rights
of this Bifhoprick, fo far as the nature ot this
markable Catarrai5t in the river, where the Wa-
ter falls near twenty yards. And about two
miles above it, there is as remarkable a ftand
of water, where the river forms :t felf into a
narrow Lake of about half a mile long. It is;
called to this day by the old Saxon name, The
WeeU and is noted for plenty of Trouts.1
The Tees, together with the many currents
joyning it on both fides, flows through rocks ; Eggleiton.
out of which, at * Egglefion, they hew Marble * Vid. |?k» j

Work would allow. If they have been formerly fand in its courfe, receives the river Bander J^"'^^" 1
or of late contefted or abridg'd, or given, or above which, in the year 1689, about Mid-™ t0 t he Mo-
taken away, pr alter *d, by violence, or by au- fummer, there happen'd an Eruption of Water nattery plac'd
thority, or by time, it is no wonder ; consider- on the Mojfes i and the earth which was broken here by Mr.
computed to be about one
C;n J
ing the changes that have been in this King- thereby, hundred *
is

and fixty yards long, and in fome places three in

dom, not only in the Tenures of the Subjects,
but alfo in the Royalties of the Crown it felf. others fourfcore yards broad, and about fix or
The great privileges of this Church in Tem- feven deep. Which great quantity of Earth
being moil of it carried down by the flood of
poral Jurifdiftion, do eafily lead us tofuppofe that
it had fome extraordinary Spiritual Immunities
water into a neighbouring brook, and fo into
alfo. After Paulinm's departure from York, the the river Bauder, did great damage by over-
Eifhops, who reftor'd Chriftianity among the flowing the Meadows, and leaving behind it
Northumbers, placed their See at Lindisfern, tho' vail quantities of Mud, which the Inhabitants
not with the title of Metropolitan, yet with all were forced to dig up, and call into the river,
the Ecclefiaftical power that was then in theft left it fhould fpoil the ground. It poifon'd

Countries. This occafion'd a great veneration all the fifh, not only in the forefaid Brook,
for their Succeflbrs among the Saxons, befides and the
Bauder, but alfo in the Tees for many
the particular reverence that was paid to St. miles.]
Then the Tees runs by Bemard-caflle,^^^^
Cuthbert. When the See was eftablifli'd at built by Bernard Balliol, great grand-father toftie.
Durham in the time of the Conqueror, Thomas John Balliol King of Scots, and fo named from
the Elder, then Archbifhop of York, ha- him. rThe fame Bernard created Burgeffes al-
ving been miraculoufly recover'd of a Fever at fo in this Town, with the fame liberty and
the Shrine of that Saint, granted feveral Immu-
freedom, as thofe of Richmond.] But John
nities to his Church, with relation to Jurif- Balliol,
whom Edward the firft had declared
diftion, Vifitations, Attendance upon Convo- King
of Scots, loft this, with other poffeffions
cations, &c. And thefe having been confirmed England, for falling from the Allegiance that
by the King, and Parliament, and Pope, and he had fworn to King Edward. At which
alfo by feveral of his next Succeflbrs, could
the King, being difpleas'd with Anthony
never be recall'd afterwards : but after many Bifhop of Durham ( as the Hiftory of that
{buggies and contefts, too long to be here fet place tells us) took this Cafile with all its appur-
forth, the old Pleas{fill obtain'd, and, fo far as tenances from him, and confer d it upon the Earl of

the ftate of things requires, are to this day

Warwick. * Hert and Hertnes, he beflow'd upon * fjerks C*
upheld.l But leaving thefe matters, let us now Robert Clifford, and Kewerftou upon Galfrid de
<

proceed to the defcription of places. Hertlpole, -which the Bifhop had, as forfeited by J.
BaQiol, R. de Brm, and Chriftopher de Seton.
The river which bounds the South part of de
Tees. this County, is call'd by the Latins Teifis
and But fome few years after, Ludovicus de BeUo-
T we lis.
Teifa, and commonly Tees > by
Polydore an Ita- monte the Bifhop, defcended trom the Royal

lian (who was certainly thinking of Athefis in

Line of France (who yet, as it is written of
his own Country) without any grounds, Athefis ;
him, was a perfed ftranger to all matters 'of
Learning) went to law for this Caftle and other
by Ptolemy it feems to be call'd TOTA2I2 and
Tuefis but I am of opinion, that by the
:
heedlefs- Pofleffions, and carry*d the Caufe ; Sentence
given in thefe words, The Bifhop of Duf
nefs of Tranfcribers, it is mifplac'd in him. being
6 C ham
 r*"
•w- 1

J
939 BRIG ANT ES. 94.0
/,wn ow^/tf ffl have the forfeitures in war within the Prefent, than be at the expence and trouble
the liberties of his Bijhoprkk, m the King hath them of receiving it.)] This Family is defcended
without, fin the fourteenth year of King Hen- from IValthetf Earl of Northumberland of ;

ry the third, an Hofpital was erected in this whofe Pofterity, Robert the Son ®f Mattredus,
place by John Baliol, and dedicated to St. John and Lord of Rabye, having marry 'd the daugh-
Baptift. Alfo Richard Duke of Glocefter ter ot Qeffrey Nevill the Norman (w hofe grand-
(whofe Cognifance, the Boar, yet remains in father Gilbert Nevill, is faid to have been Ad-
feveral parts of the Town) founded a College miral to King William the firft;) their Pufte-
of Secular Canons within the Caftle ; and lor rity took the name of Nevill, and grew to a
the Lands and Advowfons to be fettled on molt numerous and powerful family. They
them, he had a Licence of Mortmain in the built here a very fpacious CaflJe, which was
14th year of Edward the fourth. In whofe their principal and chief Seat: fbut, ever fines
time, there was Iikewife erected an Hofpital, the reign of King James the firft, it hath be-
confiiting of a Mailer or Warden, and three long'd to the ancient Family of the Vanes, late-
poor Women.] ly made noble under the title of Lord Bernard

Stretlham. Near this, Hands Stretlham, which hath been of Bt-rnard-Caftle. And as to Raby, it gave
Bones. a long time the Seat of the lamous and knight- the title of Baron to Sir 'Thomas l-Vent-xorth,
ly family ot the Bowes or De Arcubus, who have created Earl of Strafford and Baron of Raby,
done great Service to their King and Country in the 15th year of King Charles the firft.]
in the moll difficult times. Their pedigree Thefe two places, Staimhorpe and Raby, arc fe-
is from W. de Arcubus, to whom (as I have parated only by a little river; w hich after fome r

read) Alanus Niger-, Earl of Britain and Rich- tew miles talis into the Tees near Selaby, where Sehhy.
mond, gave it in thefe words, 'that he JIjouU was the Seat of the family of the Brakenburys,f i s> C.
j-

bear for his Arms the Scutcheon of Britain, -with eminent for their Antiquity, and their mar-
three bent Bowes in it. fYet others fay, that riages with the heirs of Denton and fVttcliff.
Stretlham came to the Bowes by marrying the iAt the tailing of this little river into the
heitefs of Sir J. Erain, as he had it by mar- Tees, lies Gainford, an ancient Manour, and
ot'Gainford,
rying the heirefs of Ralph de-la-bay Lord Picrcy a large territory, mentioned by old Hidomns,
ot Stainton in the flreet, to whom Bernard Baliol as taking up all that fide of the Counir,. The
gave it with his Niece. Danes firft, then the Earls of Northumberland,
This name of Stretlham, and Stainton in the and afterwards William Rufus, feifed thefe
Street about half a mile off, directly in the way parts. He, being difpleafed at William de
to Bernard-caflle, anfwering to Stratford on S. Karilefo, gave the Foreft of Teafdale, and
the other fide of it, feems to point out to us Marwood, together with the incurs of Mid- M
a branch of the Roman high-way, which, from dleton and Gainford, to Guy Baliol andtho*, :

Greta-bridge, and Bowes, and Brough, meeting upon John's forfeiture, the Bifhop's Right af-
at Stratford, and palling over the river at Ber- ter much oppoiition was formally allowed yet ;

nard-Caftie, runs by Stainton, Streetlam, and the fettled PolTeffion could never be obtained.
Stanethrop, to Binchefter. There, it meets The Church of Gainsford is {till the mother
with the High Roman way to Lanchefter on to Bernard-caflle, and was originally io to
the left hand, but there alfo did probably Middleton too ; but the Rectory was given by
run another way directly forwards by Sunder- Guy Baliol to the Abby of St. Mary in York,
land-bridge, and Chefter in the Street, to Ga- and doth now belong to Trinity-College in
brojentum or Newcaflle. A very great Antiquary Cambridge.
placed Condercum at Sunderland, and the name Next, upon the fame river, lies Penebridge, Percebrldg
may feem to favour it and as for Chefter, the which, in the old Map of the North-riding of
;

very title of the Street, meeting us again there, Yorkfhire, is called Presbrigge, and, according
and feveral Coins lately found in the place to Tradition, fhould be called Prieflbridge, from
(whatever its name was ) fhew it to be Ro- two neighbours of that Order, who built it of
man. As Streetlham anfwers this pailage ol Stone, it having been of Wood before or from ;

the Tecs at Bernard-callle, Co Stratwich anfwers the Priefls appointed to ferve the Devotion of
another pailage over it, above, at Eglefton, trom Travellers, as well as of the neighbourhood, in
Wellmorland to Newcaitle, by Wolfingbam and a Chapel, the ruins of which remain hard by the
Lancheller. There, meeting again with the Ro- Bridge. At this place was dug-up an Altar
man High-way, it either turned on the lett with the following Infcription :
hand to Ebchefter, and Corbridge, or went di-
rectly forward by Wrecanfdike to Gatelide, and
fo on to Shields. About four miles below Ber-
Winflon. nard-callle, Hands IVinfton, where the learned
Dr. Gale places another paflage of the Roman
way, from Catarick to Binchefler. But to return.]
At lefs than five miles diftance from Stretlham,
Stardrope. and fomewhat farther from the 'tees, is Standrope,
(which is alfocall'd Stainthorp, that is, Afiony vil-
lage;^) Theretofore] a fmall Market-town, where
flood a Collegiate Church built by the Nevills,
w hich was
r
alio a burial-place to the Family.
EUbye-caftle. Near this, is Rabye, which King Canutus the
Dane gave to the Church of Durham, with the
County about it, and Stanthorpe, to have and to
hold freely for ever. From -which time ( as my
The Family Author has it) the family of the Ncvils, or di
of the Ne Nova villa, held Rabye of the Church, by a yearly
vills.
rent of four Pounds and a Stag, f(which Stag was
ufed to be conflantly prefented on St. Cuthbert's
day, till there arofe contefts about the Cere- Here, it is generally taken for granted, that
mony, and the Monks chofe rather to forego the High Roman way from Catarick enter'd this
County,
 ^

P4i The BISHOPRICK of DURHAM. 94.2

County, being fairly to be traced ftrait along only was referved to the Minifter out of it.
to Binchefter, and many other marks ot_ Anti- There were alio Chantry-Lands in feveral Pla-
quity being found here, beiides the torefaid ces, which were partly afligned for the mainte-
Altar wherein the diftinct mention of Condati,
:
nance of a Free-School in this place. Here
would tempt us at firft fight to believe, that are Hill fome remains ot an EpiJcopal Houfe,

this was the ancient Condaie, placed hitherto at which, being rather a burden to the See, than
Congleton in Chefhire but the courfe of the
;
any convenience to the Biihops, has been a long
time neglected.!
Itinerary, and the Diflances on each hand, will
bv no means give us leave to remove it trom In a Field belonging to this place, there are
thence, and much lefs to bring it into this hree Wells of great depth, commonly called
County. Hell-kettles, or the Kettles of Hell, becaufe the Hell- Kettles,

Joyning to the Bridge, is a large fqunre- water by an Antiperifiafis (or reverberation of

Indolure, about the ufual bignefs of the Ro- the cold Air) is t heated in them. The more + This, confu-
man Fortifications in thefe p;irts. A Gentle- thinking fort reckon them to have been funk ted below,
man of good undemanding, in this neighbour- by an Earth-quake and probably enough. For ;

hood, fpeaks of an Idol, that he faw himfelt, we find in the Chronicle of Tinmouth, 'That in
which fell into his Father's hands who, the year of our Lord 1179- on Chriflmas-day, at
;

through excefs of Zeal, caufed it to be crufh'd Oxenball in the out-fields of Darlington in the Bi-
to pieces. It is certain, that feveral Urns have fhoprick of Durham, the Earth rats d it fe/f up to
been found, and many Coins, and, in the a great height like a lojty tower, and remain''djo all
neighbourhood, many years ago, the Plowers that day till the evening, as it were fix d and un-
{truck upon a large Stoue-coflin, with a Ske- moveable ; but then it junk down again with fucb a
leton in it, in a field adjoyning to the yard of horrible noije, that it terrified all the neighbourhood;
the torefaid Chapel, and which in all likely- and the Earth fuck'd it in, and made there a deep
hood was formerly part of it. North from pit, which continues as a teflimony hereof to this day.
Heighington. hence is Heighington, w!iere Elizabeth Jew/on ["Concerning thefe Pits, take the following ac-
*
founded a School in the 43d year of Queen count, as I had it in a Letter from a very inge- * Dr. Ksyt
Elizabeth, to which Mr. Edward Kirby, late nious Gentleman, who view'd them.
Vicar of the plrxe, left a handfom Legacy.
the
Walwortli. J{ an i by, i s Walworth, anciently a Seat ol
Nevils, from whom it palled, by the marriage jaCeording to the promife which I made you, Iwent
**- Hell-Kettles near Dar-
of an heireis, to the Haufards, one of the Ba- to found the depth of

ron-Families of the Bifhoprick from them it

;
lington. The name oj bottomlefs Pits made me
palled in the fame manner to the AfcQUghs, and provide my Jelj with a lineabove two hundred fa-

feveral other great Families, and being adorn'd thoms long, and a lead-weight proportionable, of five
by one of the late Owners with a good houfe, or fix pounds weight; but much jmaller preparations
at prefent the Seat of the Jenffons.
it is
would have jerved ; for the deepefi of them took
The Tees, not far from this place, receives but fifteen fathoms, or thirty yards of our line. I
the river Skern, famous for its Pikes ; near the cannot imagine what thefe Kettles have been, nor
Firtiburn. head of which, is Fifloburn, part of the ancient upon what grounds the people of the Country have
Midlelum. Eftate of the Claxtons ; and, hard by, Midle- fuppos'd them to be bottomlefs. They look like fome
ham, where was formerly a Caftle ot the Bi- of our old xurought Coal-pits, that are drown d but .-

1 ftiops, built moftly by Richard de Kellow and I cannot learn that any Coal, or other Mineral, has
At fome diftance from the ri- ever been found thereabouts. They are full of wa-
Lewis Beaumont.
Sedgfield. ver) is Sedgfield, a Market-Tow^, which was ter (cold, and not hot, as hath been affirmed) to

made fo by grant from Bifhop Richard de the very brim, and ahnofl the fame level with the
firft

Kellow,anno with13 12. a Fair for five days, Tees which runs near them ; fo that they may have
to be held on the Eve and day of Edmund fomefabterraneal communication with that river. But

Archbifhop of Canterbury, andon the three days thewater in the Kettles (at I was iujortnd) is of
following- This was for fome time neglected, a different kind from the river-water : for it curdles
Milk, and will not bear Soap. But this 2 did not
but is now revived. Here is a good Alms-houfe,
well-endowed, for ten pcor People. Lower try.1
Acley.
down, is Acky, where (as Sir Henry Spelman
That there are fubterraneous paflages in thefe
conjectures) two ancient Saxon Councils were
Then, Pits, and a way out ot them, was firft difco-
held, about the years 782, and 789.
Haughton.
u
aUghton, the mother-Church to Sadberge, which, ver'd by Cuthbert Tunflall the Bifhop, * who* There is no
notwithstanding the old general Grants, was found a Goofe in the Tees, which he had Tradition of
with-held from the Church, till Biihop Hugh mark'd, and put into the greater of them, for this Story,
Ilcrcabouts
purchased it of King Richard the firft, in ex- an experiment. From £)«7/^fo», the Tt-w has no "

change for other Manours in Lincolnfhire. Hence place of note, upon it; [except Nefbam, where eflu

it is ftill diftinctly named with Durham,

in the W'as a Nunnery founded by the Ancestors of the

title County Palatine, as a feparate Wa- Lord Dawes- At this place, is the ufual ford
of a
pentake, which formerly comprehended mod ot over
the river from the South, and therefore

the Eaft-fide of the County.! here commonly is perform 'd the Solemnity of
Derlington. Next, is Derlington, a throng Market-town meeting the Biihop at his firft coming. The
Seat is a little below
* Styr, Sim. which | Seir a Saxon, the fon of Ulphus, with Lord of Sockburn (whofe
Dundmp 29. jr
u) g Ethcldred's i eavC] g ave to the Church of
upon the river) being at the head of the Gen-
Durham; and Hugh de Puteaco or Pudfey adorn'd tlemen of the Country, fteps forward with his
the Stream, and
with a rCollegiatel Church and other Buil- Faulchion to the middle of
dings. [This was one of the four Ward-Towns there prefents it to the Bifhop, who returns it

conducted a-
in this County ; and the Church, one ot the to him again, and thereupon is

three Churches appointed to receive the Secular long with loud Acclamations. A little lower,

Priefts, when enter'd into their pla- is Sockburn before-mentioned, the Houfe of that Sockburn,
the Monks
ces, in the Church of Durham. By being thus ancient and noble Family of Cogniers, from
made Collegiate (of a Dean and four Preben- whom are defcended the Barons Coigniers of
eftate being much enlarged by
daries,) it was expofed to be alienated in King Hornby, whofe
Edward the lixth's time ; and a fmall Penfton marriages with the heirs of Darcy of Memill,
and
 m BRIG ANT ES.
and of William Nevill Earl of Kent and Lord The Shore continues uninterrupted, til! it o-
Vauconberg, came in tile laft age fave one to pens a paifage tor the river
Vedra ; forfo it isVcd/a.
944

the Atberftcm and the Varcies. In a window call'd by Ptolemy; but in BedeUiurur, in Sax-
of Sockburn Church is painted the Faulchion we on [pipe,
fipa,l peopg, and by us Were. ThlSyrerft,
juft now fpolte of, and it is alfo cut in Mar river rifes in the very top of the triangle (name-
ble, upon the Tomb of the great Anceftor of ly, in the utmoft
part of the County well ward)
the Coigniers, together with a Dog, and a mon- from two fmall flreams, Kelibop and Burnhop
;
ftrous Worm or Serpent lying at his feet, of his which, being united
into one current, takes
own killing, of which the Hiftory of the Fa- this name, and runs fwiftly to the eaft, through
mily gives an account. They were Barons of raft heaths, and large Parks belonging to the
the Palatinate, and Lords of Sockburn from the Bifhop
j ("by Stanhope, which, together with
Conqueft and before, till the Inheritance was Woljingham, a little lower on
the fame river,
carried lately, by the marriage of the heirefs, and Ankland, did hold of the
Bifhop by Foreft-
into the family of the Earl of Shrewsbury. Services, befides Demefnes, and other Tenures,
From her daughter, the Manours of Sockiurn, Particularly, upon his great Huntings, the Te-
Girsby, and Bifiofton, parted by Sale to Sir Wil- nants in thefe parts were bound to fet up for
liam Blacket, Baronet, whofe Son Sir Edward, him a Field-houfe, or Tabernacle, with
a Cha-
now enjoys them. Cttthbert, fecond Son of the pel, and all manner ot Rooms and Offices; as
'

laft Sir John Conytrrs, purchafed Layton, near alfo to

furnifh him with Dogs and Horfes, and
SeigfieU, where the Seckburu-famWy hath for fe- to carry his Provifion, and
to attend him, du-
veral defcents been feated. Below Sockburn, is ring his flay, for the fupply of all Convenien-
Tarrnn, bigger and better built than Darlington, ces. But now, all Services of this kind are ei-
and a conhderablc Market.] ther let fall by difufe, or changed into Pecu-
From Derlingtm, the 'Tees w inding-on by green niary Payments.
r

fields and country villages, fand by the Town of The weftern Mountains here, are all along
Stockton.
Tarum now mention'd ; runs to Stockton, full of Minerals; and the works of Nature
julf
un-
which one of the four Ward-towns of this der-ground are very curious ; as, befides
is
the
County, and the Port of the river Tees, and a Ore it felf, the various Incruftations of the
Corporation govern'd by a Mayor and Alder- Sparr into infinite Forms and Colours, the pe-
men. Of late years, it is much increafed in which hang from the tops of Grotts
trifactions
Trade, and in the number of Inhabitants .and Caverns, and the feveral Coats of them in-
which hath made it necehary to erect a new to which the Diftillations are hardened.
Sut. 12 Ann. Church, inftead of the little ancient Chapel
At Stanhop aforefaid, was the ancient Seat or Stanhop,
I Gcor.
that they had be for& j t js al(b an Ep ; fcopal Hall of the Family of Fetherftonbaugh, for ma-
Borough and here was formerly a Houfe of
; ny Generations ; the laft of whom was flain
Thofc Gen- the Biltlops. The Tees having pafs'd Stockton,'] at the battel of Hockflet, and the Eftate was
tlernen rall'd throws it felf at
laft out of a large mouth into purchafed by the Earl of
Carlifle. And, near
SS&3
formerly flou-
the °
angle
Cean > where be ins the b*Ss of the Tri Walfingbam aforefaid, is
towards the
S
Sea-coaft.
Bradley-hall, an ancient Bradley-hat^
Seat of the Eurys, but fince of the Bowes ; for
rifli'd upon ir. The fhore runs hence northward (being di- the battlementing of which, a Licence was ob-
Grctham. vided only by one or two brooks) near Gretham, tained of the Bifhop in the year
1421.I Next,
where Robert Bifhop of Durham founded a no- the Were runs by Witton, a Caftleof the Lords Witcon.
ble Hofpital, after the Manour had been be- d" Euers, an ancient
and noble Family of this^ arons £««"*
llow 'd on him by the Lord of it, Peter de Mont- County (as being defcended from the Lords of or ie Eare '

fort, fwhofe Father had indeed forfeited it to Clawing and

Warkworth, as alfo by daughters
the Bifhop.l Next, ftands Claxton, which gave from the Vefcies and the Attons Barons) who, as
name to a famous family in thefe parts and Scotland can teftifie, have been famous for their
;

I the rather take notice of it, becaufe T. Clax-

Warlike Gallantry. For Ketenes, a little Town
ton, a great admirer of Antiquities, was : in the further part of Scotland, was beftow'd
branch thereof. From hence, the fhore ftart: upon them by King Edward the firft for their
out in one only little Promontory (fcarce feven great Cervices ; and in the * laft age Henry the *
miles above the mouth of the river Tees ; ) up- eighth honoured them with the title of
5 ^^ ,

Barons ; ann, 1607*

Hartlepole. on which ftands Hartlepole, | a famous Market. \ Ralph of this family, being created Baron Eure
t Ann. 1607. anti a foe harbour, very commodioufly fitua- of Witton. From them, it palled by Sale to
ted. Bede feems to call it beopcu (which Hun- the Darcies, in
whofe poifeffion it now remains.!
tingdon renders Cervi infula, or the Ifland of a After this, the Were, fome few miles lower, re-
Hart,) and tells us that Heiu, a religious wo- ceives Gaunlefs a little river, from the fouth,
man, formerly built a Monaftery there; if He- at the head of which, is Evenwood, a Barony Eyenwootf,
orteu be not rather the name of that fmall ter- and Capital Manour of the Bifhop, held of
ritory, as the Durham-book intimates, which
him formerly by the Hanfards, who had one of
alfo in fome places calls it Heortneffe, becaufe it
their chief Seats here ; from whence it runs to
fhoots out pretty far into the Sea. TThis is an
Weft- Aukland, formerly the Eftate of the Daltons, Weft-Auk-
ancient Corporation j but is now much fallen but now, by marriage, the Seat of the Edens ;Iand.
to decay, and fubfifts only by the fifhing-trade.l and
St. Helen Aukland, the Seat of the Cars.'] St. Helen
From this place, for fifteen miles together, the At the very confluence of the Were and Aukland.
fhore, with towns here and there upon it, af-
Gaunlefs, upon a pretty high hill, ftands Bi-
fords an entertaining profpeft to thofe that fail
fhop s- Aukland, fo nam cl (as Sarron in Greece BtffropJ-Aufc
El.ngton. by^fwho fee EJitigton, a Ward Town, and a was) from the Oaks ; where we fee a fair- In-
Hordcn. Capital Manour of the Bifhop ; Harden, anci- built houfe of the
Bifhop, with turrets, mag-
ently a Seat ot the Claxtons, but fmce, for feveral nificently repair'd by
Anthony Bee and a very
;

Dalden. Defcents, of the Corners j Dalden, formerly the
Seat of a Family of the fame name, but now
Warden-Law. tne poffcffion of the Milbanks Warden-Law,
:
which St. Cuthbert's Legend hath render'd fa-
mous, for the holding his Body, immoveable,
till a Revelation directed the bringing
it to Dur-
ham.!
noble bridge, built by Walter Skirlaw, Bifhop,
about the year 1400, who alfo enlarged this
houfe,and made a bridge over the Tees, at Ta-
was formerly call'd North- Aukland,
flt
and fometimes Market- Aukland, and now Bi-
from the Bifhop's houfe here;
fhop- Aukland,
which was pulled down in the Great Rebelli-
 ]

945 The BISHOPRICK ofDURHA M. 94.6

on by Sir Arthur Haflerig, who built a pewhoufe part, a fair Urn, fliut up in a round Wall, and
out of the materials. At the Reftoration, Bifhop within that a Veffel ot Wood.l
Cojtns pull'd down the new Houfe, and built a I have read nothing elfe relating to this place,

large Apartment to what remained of the old but what is mention'd in an old Book, That
one, joyning the whole to a magnificent Cha- the Earls of Northumberland f did rend this,f This (till
pel or' his own erecting, in which he lies bu- with other villages, from the Church ; when
holds of tlw
ar>
ried. What remained unfmifh'd, hath been car- that curled Thirit after Gold fwallow'd up the^jP**
ried on by the prefent Bifhop, to very great Lands and Patrimony thereof.

Advantage, for the convenience and ornament On the other fide of the Were fis Hunwick, Hunwick.'
of the Place. The faid Bifhop Cofras founded noted for its Wells, both fulphureous and fweet,

and endowed here an Hofpital for two men to which there is great Refort ; and) among the

and two women. The Church of St, Andrew, hills, we fee Branfpeth-caflle, built by the i>«/-Branfpeth*

near this place (the mother Church to all this rners ; and by a daughter of * Bertram BwWrcaltle.
(marry'd to Robert Nevili,) added with other E ^nard,C,
*
diftriSt, which goes by the name of Aukland- ||

firire) was anciently Collegiate, under the

Vi- great poifeffions to
the family of the NeviUs.,.
<fa ifj;a C;
car j but the forementioned Bifhop, AnthonyUpon the forfeiture of the Nevils, it was bought
1

of the Londoners ; and lately fold to Sir Henry

Bee, gave him the title of Dean, with twelve
Prebendaries under him ;and 'Thomas Langley
Bella/ts. In this Parilh, lies Hairebolme, com-
monly Hairttm ; whither, it is reported, fomeHairum,
regulated them to an equality, and reflated the
of the murderers of Thomas Becket fled after
Solemnity of their Service, and got his Ap-
pointment confirmed by King Henry the the fa<S, and built a Chapel there to his me-
lixth.l mory. Not far from whence, on the other fide
From hence the Were (that it may water this of the river, is Whit-worth, an ancient manour Wbitworth,
County the longer) turns to the north, and of a family of that name, but now the Seat of
foon comes within fight of the remains of an the Shaftoes ; and below it, Crokeftell,. commonly Crokefieli,
old City upon the top of a hill, which is not Croxdah, where the ancient family of the Sab-
in being at this day, nor has been for many vins hath been fettled for feveral Defcents.]
"VinovLum. ages ; call'd by Antoninus Vinovium, and by A
little below Branfpeth, the Were has many

Ptolemy Binovium ; in which Iaft Author it huge flones in its chanel, never cover'd but
is fo mifplac'd, and feated as it were under when the river is overflowed by rains : upon
another pole, that I could never have difcover'd thefe, if you pour water, and it mis a little
it, but by Antoninus's direction. At prefent, with the ftone, it becomes brackifh ; a thing 1

Binchcller. jt is call'd Binchefter, and coniifts but of one which happens no where elfe. Nay, at But- Buttcrby,
or two houfes ; yet much taken notice of by erby a little village, when the river is ihaltow
the neighbours thereabouts, for the rubbifh, and and funk from thofe Hones in the fummer time, Salt-Stone*
the ruins of old walls ; and alfo for the Roman there burfls out of them a reddifh fait water,
Coins often dug-up in it, which they call Bin- which grows fo white and hard, by the heat
cbefler-penies ; and for Roman Infcriptions, one of the Sun, fas
hath been thought,! that they
of which, cut out thus in an Altar there, I who live thereabouts ufe it for Salt fBut, that :

lately met with. the Saltnefs it felf proceeds not from the heat of Philofoph,
the Sun, is plain by experience, in that whiqh
* r N»
x 3 '
is moft faltifh, iifues out of a rock ; inaf-
and
Of the Mo- much as if allthe water be laved out of the
ther Goddejfes, place, there immediately bubbles, out of the
fee Lanca-
body of the rock, a water as fait as the for-
ihire. In the
yearofChrift mer ; and befides, the rock out of which it
236. iifues, is a Salt-rock, of a fparkling fubflance,
On the other fide of the Were, there is alfo a
Medicinal Spring of ftrong Sulfur and, above ;

it, towards Durham, is a Mineral water, upon

which Dr. Wiljon wrote his Spadacrene Dunel-
menfis. On the fame River, is Old Durham, Old Durham; ;

from the name of which one would conjecture,

Votuttt falvit either that the Monks had firft. come thither
\ubem ttieritc-,
with St. Cuthbtrt's Body, or that there had
been a Town of that name before their coming.
But both thefe things are unwarranted from
Hiftory. At prefent, it is the Seat of the 7em*
pefis?\
Another Stona was lately dug-up here, very Now, the river (as if it defign'd to make an
much defaced with gaps ; which yet, upon a Ifland) almofl farrounds the chief City of the
narrow view, fhews this Infcription: County, feated on a hill upon which account
;

it was call'd Dunbolm by the Saxons. For,Dunho!m,

as we gather from Bede, they call'd a hill Durham,
Dun, and a River-Iuand holme. Out of this,*"" Du™fm*
the Latins fram'd Dunelmum which Tthe Nor^ ;

TRIE. COHOR. 1. mans calling Durefme^\ the common people af-

CARTOV terwards corrupted into Durham. The Town
MARTI VICTOR! ftands high, and fo is very ftrong; but of no
GENIO LOCI. great compafs It lies in a kind of oval form,
:

ET BONO enclos'd by the river on all fides except the

EVENTVI. north, and fortify'd with walls. In the fouth
part, almoft where the river winds it felf back
fThe Antiquities of this place have been again, ftands the Cathedral Church, which with
earetully fearch'd for by the prefent Owner, its fpii-es and tower-fteeple nukes a noble (now,
Mr. Charles Wren ; who, among other Curiofi- In the heart of the town, ftands the Caftle,
tjes, difcover'd a Cornelian ; and in another almoft in the middle between two (tone bridges,

£ P
«P«
 917 BRIG ANTES. 948
'J one over the river on the eaft fide, the other pice, the accefs to it be cut off on all fides, yet lately
over the fame river on the weft. From the they have a
built Caftle upon the hill. At the bot-
Qiftle northward lies the Market-place, and S. tom oj the foundation of the cajile, runs an excellent
Nicholas's Church, from whence, for a good way, river for efpecially Salmon ; fbut this excel-
fifl),
there fhoots out a fuburbs to the north-ealt, lency is very much impaired by the heightening
within a winding of the river as do others on ; of the Dams, which have given a check to
both fides beyond the river, which lead to the the fijh.1 Almolt at the fame time, as that
bridges and each Suburbs has its particular
: ancient book has it, William de Carelepho the Bi-
Church. The original of this Town is not fhop, who refertl'd Monks here (for their Cloi-
very ancient. For when the Monks of Lindif- iters had been every where demolifhed by the
farn were difquieted in the Danifh wars, and Danes,) having pull'd down the Church, which
fore'd to wander up and down with thi Aldwin built, began another more noble,
liques of S. Cuthbert at kit being admonifh'd
; which * is faid to have been finifhed by Radulph * Was, C.
by an oracle (if you will believe it) they fix'd his fucceilor, and was enlarged by Nicholas
Fern-
and fettl'd here about the year of Chrift 995 ham the Bifhop, and Thomas Melfamby the Prior,
Sim. Dunehn.But take this relation from my Durham-Author in the year 1242. A
good while after, William
r
X. Script, p. himfelf. All the people following the corps of our
.

Skirlawy Bifhop, rais'd a neat building on the

28.
moft holy father Cuthbert, came to Durham, a weft part of the Church, which they call
G^7ee,GaIlilee.
place ftrong by nature, and fcarce habitable, being whither they remov'd the marble tomb of Ve-
overfpread with a very thick wood ; only, in the nerable Bede. In which place, Hugh de Puteaco
middle, there was a jmall plain, which they us'd formerly begun a Building; where Women (thefe
to plough andfow : where Bifbop Aldwin afterwards are the words of an old book) might lawfully en-
built a pretty largeChurch of /lone. The faid Pre- ter ; and they who might not perfonally view the fecrets
late therefore, with the help of all the people, and the of the holy places might at leajl have fome comfort
j,

ajftftance oj Uthred Earl of the Northumbrians, cut from the view and contemplation of the Saints. The
down and rooted up all the wood, and in a fhort fame Bifhop Ralph (as our Hiftorian relates)
timemade the place habitable. In floort, from the iverted all that fpace between the Church and the
river Coqued to the Tees, the People, to a man, Caftle (where many houfes flood) into a plain field,
came in readily, both to help forward this work, and lefl the Church fhould either be defil'd by the dirt, or
afterwards to build the Church ; and fo devout ?r'd by the fire And although the
the town.
_ of
were they, that till it was finiflyd, they ceas'd not city be naturally flrong he increafed both the ftrength
;

to lenda helping hand. The wood being thm rooted and ftate of it, by a wall : for he built one, all along,
up, and every one having a houfe affignd him by from the Chancel of the Church to the tower
of the
Lot, the forefaid Bifhop, out of a z,eal to Chrift caftle i which by degrees f was finking un- Is now, C:
-J-

and S. Cuthbert, began to build a pretty large and der the weight of age fbut hath been effectually
;

handfonie Church, and endeavour d with great appli- refctfled from ruin by the prefent Bifhop,
who
cation to finifh it. Thus far my Author ; Tand, hath alfo been a great Benefactor to both his
to omit the many pretended Miracles, and other Caftles of Durham and Aukland.! It never did, ")

pailages of lefs moment, he fays further, that that I know of, fuffer from an enemy. For
the firft Church erected at Dimholm by Bifhop when David Brus King of Scots deftroy'd all
1 Aldwin, was, facia citifftme de virgis Ecclejiola, a with and fword as far as Beaupark or Bere-„
fire
little Church, quickly made, of Rods ; jufl park (a Park juft under the city) whilfi Ed-f^l^' ,

fi
fuch another Structure, as that which is faid to ward 3. was at the fiege of Calais in France;
have been firit built at Glaffenbury, whereof Sir Henry Percy, and William Zouch Archbifhop of Battc
Concil. T. t. Henry Spelman has given us a draught.! York, with fuch troops as they could raife onavil's-Croft.
i at nc -

P' "• Not many years after, thofe of the Englifh fudden, encountcr'd the Scots, and charg'd them
who could not endure the Norman Yoke, with that heat and bravery, that they cut
off
trufting to the ftrength of this place, made it the firft and fecond Ranks almoft to a man,,, || a •

the feat of war, and from hence gave William took the King prifoner, and put the third into
the Conqueror no fmall difturbance. For Gui- fuch terror, that they fled with great precipi-
iielmus Gemeticenfls writes, That they went into a tation; their fears carrying them over the fteep-
part of the County, inacceffible by reafon of woods eft precipices, till they got into their own coun-
and waters ; building a Caftle, with a flrong ram- try. This was a Noble engagement, to be al-
ptie round it, which they call'd Dunholm. Out of ways reckon'd among the many bloody defeats
this, they made frequent failles, and for fame time we have given the Scots; and is call'd
by us The
kept themfelves clofe there, waiting for the coming of Battel of Nevill Croft. For the beft of the
King Sueno the Dane. But things not happening Scotch Nobility being (lain here, and the King
as they had expected, they betook themfelves to himfelf taken, they were forced to give up
much
flight and William the Conquerour, coming ground hereabouts, and yield many Caftles into
;

to Durham, granted many Privileges whereby our hands. And this may fufrke for Durham
;
to fecure and confirm the liberties of the to which, with the Reader's leave, I
will add
Church, and built the Caftle already menrion'd a Diflich of Nechams, and an Hexaftich of
higher upon the hill, which afterwards became Jonfton's, and then I have done :

a habitation for the Biihops ; and the Keys of

it, when the See was vacant, by an old cu-

ftom were wont to be hung up at St. Cuthbert's
Tomb. TThis Caftle was beautified, and a no-
ble Library erecfed and furnifhed with Books,
at great expence, by Dr. John Cofms, the learned
and pious Bifhop of this place ; who alfo built
here an Hofpital for poor People.!
When the Caftle was built, William of
Malmesbury, who liv'd about rhat time, gives
us this defcription of the City Durham is a
Arte, fituque loci munita Dunelmia> falve,
Qua floret fantla reUigionis apex.
Hail, happy Durham! Art and Nature's
care,
Where Faith and Truth at th' nobleft height
appear.
:

hill rifing by little and little from the valley, by an Vedra mens rapidis modo curfibus y agmine
eafie and gentle afcent, to the very top ; and not-
'

lent, 1

luithftanding, by its rugged fituation and craggy preci- Seque minor celebres fufpidt itrbe virts,
Quos
 ; °

.949 The BISHOPRICK of DURHAM. 95°

Qitos dcdit ipfa olim, quorum fcjr tegit ojjajc her brother. But Ralph the foil of this Mar-
pulta ; maduke, was made the firft Baron of Lumley by
Magnus ubi facro marmore Beda cubat. Richard the 2d. Which honour, John, the ninth
Se jaltmt alia vel relligione, vel armis; from him, * enjoy'd, a perfon of entire virtue, 'Enjoys, C.
H*cc armis cluit, hac relligione patens. integrity and innocence, and.f in his old age,
at Now in his
compleat pattern of true Nobility. TBut this ld a Sc . c -

Unequal Were as by her walls it runs, Honour being extinct in him, was not revived,
Looks up, and wonders at her noble till Richard, the prefent Earl of Scarborough,
Tons, was created by King Charles the fecond, Baron
Whom file gave life, and now their death does Lumley of Lumley-cajlle and by King William
;

mourn, and Queen Mary, firft Vifcouiit, and then Earl

And ever weeps o'er Beda'i facred urn. thereof ; who hath repair'd and adorn'd this
Let others boaft of piety- or war, Seat of his Anceflors, with all the Advantages
While file's the care of both, and both oi that modern Art can give it. At the Town of
her. Lumley, is an Hofpital, erected by Sir John Duck
Baronet, for twelve poor women and a Chap-
As for the Monks being turn'd out, and lain; to which the whole Town, being far
The two twelve Prebendaries * with two Archdeacons. from the Parifii-Church, have
alfo the conve-
Archdeacons fubftituted in lieu of them ; and alio the Styl nience ot reforting.l
ere before of Prior being changed into that of Dean : I
the Monks.
Oppohte to this Town, and not far from the Cheiter upon
need fay nothing of them ; being things fuffi- River, on the other fide, ftands thc Strecc -
Ckefler upon the
ciently known to every body. It ftands in i: ftreet, that is, a caftle or little city by the high-
degrees, Longitude, and in 54 degrees, 57 mi way ; call'd in Saxon Eoncepcep : for which Condercum.
nutes, Latitude. reafon I have thought it the Condercum ||, where, More i" oba " ll

C. J Near Durham (not to omit this) there upon the line of the Vallum, the firft wing of the
+ Below,
Shirburn- ftands to the eaft a very noble Hofpital, founded Aflures kept garrifon in the
XjZZ'l
Roman times, berUniptMeh
UDe Tuuiat y
b H
"gh " P " dfiy ( an extraordinary rich Bifllop, as the Notitia tells us. For it is but fomefee.
'and for a little time Earl of Northumberland) few miles^ from the Vallum of which I
(
for Lepers, and (as Newbrigenfis fays, Twith too (hall particularly treat hereafter,) fand feveral
* See another great * feverity, if not injuftice, to the Foun- pieces ot Roman Coin
have been found here
and the rivulet which runs by it from the weft,
J arrc mmts not very honourable
•
: For, to advance this cha- is call'd Conkbum.'] The Bifiiops of Lindifarn
madeufe of bis power to extort Jup- lived retiredly in this place, for
ritable defign, he
113 years,
when he -was not willing to allow a with the body of St. Cuthbert, in the time of the
pliesfrom others ;

pare of
his own towards the work.
competent How- Danifh wars. And, whilft Egelric Bifllop of
ever, he fettled a very good allowance for the Durham, in memory thereof,
w'as laying the
maintaining of fixty five Lepers, betides Mafs- foundation of a new Church
there, he dug-
^Stit.27E1.P riefls i Tand the f Hofpital, after feveral Regu- up fuch a prodigious fum of Money, that
lations, is fettled by filename of drift's Holpi- he quitted his Bifiioprick, as being now rich
tal, for a Mafter and thirty Brethren.! enough and fo-, returning to Peterborough, where
:

From hence the Were is carry 'd in a (freighter he was Abbot before, he made Caufeys through
pinchale. courfe towards the north, by Finchale, where in the fens, and did feveral other good works,
at
|;
Mat. Par, the reign of Henry ad, Godric, a man of true very great expence.
|| Long after this, Anthony
p. 9 3. ancient Chriftian limplicity, and wholly devoted Bee Bifllop of Durham founded here a Collegi-
to God and Religion, led and ended a fuli- Church, confuting of a Deanery and feven ate
tary life ; and was here buried in the fame place, Prebends.
In this Church, John Baron Lumley,
where (as William of Newburrow fays) he was now mention'd, placed the Monuments of juft
wont in his devotion to projlrate himfelf, or in fictnefs his Anceftots, in order as
they fucceeded one
to lie down. This man became
io much admir'd anosher, from Liulphus down to our *own times;* So faid,
for his holy fimplicity, that R. brother to that which he had either pick'd out of the
demolifli'd ann l6 ®7< «

* RtfrJMi.rir.h Bifhop Hugh Pudfey, built a *

Chapel to his Monafteries, or made new. TThis is the fourth
memory. [Finchale (call'd in Saxon Pincanbeal, by Ward-Town of the County; and is the Habi-
Henry Huatingdon lVmcanhale,by RovedaiPbin- tation of the family of Hedworth, who ate of
canhal, and by others Finchale ; which difference long Handing in this County,
taking their Rife
has rifen from the likenefs of the Saxon
p, p, from the Town of that name.] More inward,
Chron. Sax. and p) is fuppofed to be the place, where two and almoft in the middle of the triangle,
ftands
Sim. Dun. Synods were held in the Saxon times, one in the another fmall village,
f heretofore noted for it's f Lately, Q,
p. 114. year 788, the other in the year 798. It was a College of Dean and Prebendaries, founded by
Cell to theChurch of Durham ; having a Prior, the faid Anthony. The name of the place is
and an uncertain number of Monks. Near this Lanchcfler ;which I once thought to be the Lanchefler.
Houghton le place, is Houghton le Spring, where
Free- old Longovicum ; ["*and the Antiquity of it is fur-*Phil. Tranf,
is a
Spring. School, and an Hofpital competently
en- ther confirmed from divers Infcriptions found N. 266,
dowed.! near it, within thefe few years :
Lumley. Then, the Were runs by Lumley, a caftle with
Barons Zw»-aPark round it the ancient ; feat of the Lum-
leys, defended from Liulphm
( a Nobleman of
great^figure in thefe parts, in Edward the Con-
time) who married Aldgitha, daughter
teffor's
of Aldred Earl of Northumberland. Of thefe,
Marmaduke took his mother's Coat of Arms ; in
whofe right he came to the large Euate of the
1'hwengs. The Arms were, In a field argent a
fejsGules between three Poppinjays Vert; whereas,
before that, the Lumleys bore for their Arms,
Six Poppinjays argent in a field Gules. For file
was the eldeft daughter of Marmaduke Thweng
Lord of Kilton, and Coheir of Thomas "thweng
95 i BRIG ANTES. 952

IM* G1S-K-AIT QWIA

BAS^CvfBINs TMT I

PRPRiCvM^MAVR:

%
3-
F0RTVN7l£
AVG'SACR
MEL ATP
CVS-K AFF
VSLM

C HT
 The BISHOP RICK of DURHAM. 954-

Add to this, that the High-way runs Paul's was at Girwy or Jarrow, fome miles ai-
directly t0 it from Binchefter, by the name ilant from Weremuth ; as appears from all the
of JVatling-ftrm ; and that litre has been a reflet our Hiflorians, and alfo from an In-
fquare Inclofure of Aider-work, with a broad fcription which will follow hereafter in this
ditch.1 County. On the Southern bank of the Were
But to return to the Were ; which at Iaft {lands Sunderland, a handfome populous Town, Sunderland,
Hilton-Ca-
winds about to the eaft, and runs by Hilton, a built in the laft age, and very much enrich'd
ttle. call le of the Hiltons, Tan ancient Family, where- by the Coal-trade. If the Harbour were fo
in is preferved to this day the title of the Bi- deep, as to entertain Ships ot the fame bur-
fhop's Barons. The Gate-houfe, which is all then, that the river doth, it would be no fmall
that remains ot the old Caftle, fliews how lols to Newcafile. As to the name, the reafon
large it hath been ; with the Chapel, a fine of it may well be gathered from Bede, compa-
Structure, wherein there were Chaplains in cou- red with the Saxon Translation. Bede tells
ilant Attendance, it being the burying-place ot" us, that he was born in the territory oEjarviu,
the Family. Then the Were falls into the Sea and the Saxon has it, in the 6on6epIaiib of
I

at Wiran-muth (as Bede calls it, Tin Saxon Wie- that Monaftery ; which word denotes any par-*
rimuthaj\ but now Munks-ixere-moutb, that is, the ticular Precinct, having certain Freedoms within
mouth of the Were, belonging to the Monks. it felf ; and fuch, this place is, It gave the
Of which mouth, William of Malwesbury writes title of Earl to Emanuel Lord Scrope of Bolton,
thus: 7?-e Were flowing into the Sea here, kindly created June 19. 3 Car. 1 ; who dying without
receives the Ships brought-in with a gentle gale iflue, Henry Lord Spencer of Wormleighton was

upon each bank whereof, Benedict the Bijhop built honoured with the title of Earl of Sunderland
Biftiop Bene- a Church, and likewife in the jame places founded by King Charles the firfl, and being flam the
dift. two Mwafteries ; one to St. Peter, another to St. fame year in the Service ot his Royal Mailer,
Paul. Whoever reads the life of this man, will ad- at the firfl battel at Newbury, was fucceeded
mire his indujiry ; in furnijbing this place -with by Robert his fon and heir ; to whom, in the-..,
great /lore of bocks, and being the firfl that brought year 1701, fucceeded Charles the prefent EarI,;
Glaciers fir ft Mafvus and Glaciers into England.
l '

™
n N ort t a
[But as to the whofe excellent Endowments of Nature, im-tonfliir*.
in England. tVl-o Churches being built upon the banks of proved by long Study and Experience in pub-
the river, it is a manifeft mifhke. For St. lick Affairs, have already carry 'd him, with
£ E great
 .

P55 BRIG ANT ES. 9^6

great reputation and honour, through the raoft Its name once or twice ; I
hope it would not
important Offices in the State. Near IVbit- be^ at all inconfiftent with
truth. For Gaffr is
bumt not far from this place, Copper Coins us d by the Britains for a Goat, and Hen in
were taken up fome years fince, moilly of Con- f compounds for Pen, which fignifiesa head:
e ,mmi, mA+s
Jlantine, with the Sun on the Reverfe, and thefe m this very ienfe it is plainly call'd
Cafrx caput,'t"Ux>i.
words Soli invillo Comiti. One alfo was of or Goats-head, by our old
Latin Hiftorians :
Maxentius, with fomething like a Triumphal as Brundufium, in the language
of the MtffaPii,
Arch on the reverfe, and thefe words, Confer- took its name from
the head of a Stag. And
•vatort Vrbis. There were likewife one or two lam apt to fanfy, that this name was given
of Licinius, and one or two of MaximianusA the place from fome Inn
which had a Geati-
Five miles above Sunderland, the Tine comes bead for the llgn ; like the Cock
in Africa, The
to its mouth ; which for fome way ("as we have three Sifters in Spam, and
The Pear in Italy, all
obferv'd) made the north-fide of our triangle, ol them mention'd by
Antoninus ; which (as
together with the Derwent. Upon the Derwentt fome of the Learned think) took their
names
which rifes near the top of this triangle, 110- from fuch Signs. As for our Hiftorians,
they
Ebcheflcr. thing is eminent, unlefs it be Ekhefter ( unammoufly call it Cafrx caput, when they tell
they now call it, ) a fmall village, fo named us that JValcher Bifhop of Durham (who
was io8w
St. Ebba. from Elba the Virgin, defcended from the conflituted by William the
Conquerour, Go-
tnood-royal of the Northumbrians ; who flou- vernour of Northumberland
with the authority
rifh'd about the year 630, with fuch reputati- of Earl,) was (lain in
this place by the rabble,
on for Sanctity, that fhe was folemniy canoniz'd for his tyrannical proceedings.
for a Saint, and has many Churches dedicated Belowthis village, almoft upon the very mouth
to her in thislfland, which are commonly call'd of the Tim, ftands Girwy,
now arrow J ; where Girwy,
St.Tabbs. St. Tabb's, for St. Ebb's. THere, not many years venerable Bede was born, and where a little I«row.
Phil. Tranf. fince, Was obferv'd a Roman Station, about two Monaftery heretofore flouriihed. When, and
N. 278. hundred yards fquarc, with large Suburbs; by whom, it was founded, may
be learnt from
and here alfo, together with divers ancient this Infcription, which is fairly legible
to this
Monuments, hath, been found the followinj day in the Church-wall ;
Altar ,-

DEDICATIO BASILICAS
SCI PAVLI Villi RV, MAI
ANNO XVIECFRIDI REG,
CEOLFRIDIABBiEIVSDEM
CL'ECCL €S;DO IAVCTORE
CONDITOklSANNO Jill
and alfo an Urn of a very uncommon
fin this Infcription, the XVI.
fhape, near a yard high, and not above fhould be
feven inches wide ; with a little cup in the
XV. For King Egtnd reigned no more than
fifteen years ; and fo Sir
heart of it perhaps for an Oblation of
:
James Ware has given
it in his Notes upon
Tears ; or of Wine and Milk, fuch as the Ro- Bede's Hiftory of the
Abbots of Wiremuth. But it ought not to be
mans ufed at the burying of their dead. Alfo,
inler'd from the Infcription,
the High-way goes along from Lanehefter to that Ceolfrid was
the Founder of this Monaftery ; fince
this place, and to Cartridge from it ; and the it ap-
pears Irom Bede's account, that he
Epiacum of Ptolemy, anfwers to it in found was only
and is not inconfiftent with it in firuation conflituted firft Abbot of the place by Benedi-
ilus Bifcopirts, who fent him hither
This river, Derwent, is clad all the way down. (with a Co-
lony of about feventeen Monks) from
with Mills, Furnaces, and Forges, for the (mel- Were-
muth.\
ting of lead and filver, and for the manufaftures
of Iron and Steel.]
The greater Churches, when the faring light
A,ffi„
of the Gofpel began to fhine in
The firft place remarkable upon the Tine, is the world (let
it not be thought impertinent to note thus
Gateflicad. Saxon Gaeupbeved, and
Gatefhead, called in
much,) were call'd Bafilicx, becaufe the
the fame fenfe by our Hiftorians, Copra caput, Bafdicx
ot the Gentiles, namely thofe
i.e. Goats-head ; which is a kind o( Suburbs ftately Edifices

Stat. 7 E. 6. to New caftle on the other fide the Tine, and where the Magiftrates held their Courts of Ju-
=> ftice, were converted to Churches
•=
was annex'd to it by Edward the fixth, when by the Chri-
ftians: (Whence Aufonius,
he had diflolved the Bifhoprick but Queen Bafilica olim negotiis
;
plena, nunc lions e. The
Mary foon after reftot'd it to the Church.
; i.
Bafiica, once fili'd
with now with
This place is commonly believ'd to be of greater buftnefs,
) Or elfe, be- devotion .-

caufe they were built in an oblong form, as

Antiquity, than Newcaftle it felf. And if I the
Bajilica were.
fhould fay further, that this and Newcaftl
Here, our Bede the glory of England
(lor they feem formerly to have been one Town ;
(for Be Jo.
his eminent piety and learning, firnam'd
parted by the river) was that Frontier-garrifon Vene-
rable) apply'd himfelf, as he fays, to
which in the times of the later Emperors was the ftudy
of the Scriptures ; and, in the times of
Gahrofen- call'd Gabrofentum, and was defended by the
greateft barbarity and ignorance,
cuta. fecond Cohort of the Thracians ; and that this wrote many
learned Volumes. With him (as William of
hath retain'd it's old name in fenfe and fig-
Malmesbury fays) almoft all knowledge
nification, notwithflanding Newcaftle has chang'd of Hiftory
from thence to our times went to the
graft. For
while
 The BISHoFrICK of "DURHAM. 958
•while one fucceeded lazier than another, the fpirit of the Monks continued, till rhe
year 1083, when
ftudy and induflry was extincl all over theI/land. Bifliop William de S.
Kerilefi tranflated them
The Danes had Co harrafs'd this Religious to Durham, to attend the Body
of St. Cuth-
place, that, in the beginning of the Norman bert ; from which time,
Wermomh and
Jarnui
times, when fome had revived the Monaftick became Cells to
Durham.
Order in thefe parts, and Walcher the Bifliop Some years fince, upon the bank of the river
had aflign'd them this place ; the walls (fays Tine,v/as difcover'd a Roman
Altar; the figures
my Author) flood without a roof, and with very whereof take here, as it was deliver'd
to the
fmall remains of their ancient fplendaur ; however, Royal Society by the
ingenious and learned Dr.
having cover d them with rough unhewn wood, they Lifter together with his defcription of it,
;
iij
thatch'd them with ftraw, and began to celebrate Di-U Letter
to the faid Society,
111HP Service
vine them
in them,
Spvliirp in IHprn an4
THerCj ond atot- MX.—mn.itZ.
Wermomh I

% 5- Fis 2,

IS MAR
B FROSALV
EM R3.
ANTONIISrr
AVG IM

LV BNSM
QBREDITV

" I have with much

trouble got into my " have two fquare holes near
the bottom,
' hands a piece of Roman Antiquity, which " which let in the irons
1
that joyn'd it to the
was but a very few years ago difcover'd upon " fteps.
' the fouth bank of the river Ttine, near Shields " I have carefully defigned it in all it's
fides,
' in the Biflloprick. It is a very large and " and have given the plane of the
top alfo ;
' fair Roman Altar, of one entire flone. But " which, if you pleafe, we will furvey in or?
' after all my coft and pains, I am very forry der.
to find the Infcription very ill defaced, that
:

' much of it is not legible. And I believe it 1, " The backfide, oppofite to the Infcrip,
' hath been alfo mifTlandled by thofe who have " tion ; on which is engraven, in
bafs-rejief, a
' endeavoured to read it ; whereas if the re- " Flower-pot, furnifhed, I fuppofe, with
what
1
mainder of the Letters had been exactly mea< " pleafed the Stone-cutter; for thefe men
need?
1
fured, and the face black'd and lightly " ed not to be more curious than the
Priefts
waih'd off again, as in prints, fome things themfelves, who were wont to make ufe
:
more might have been fpelled. of herbs next at hand to adorn the Altars,
" As to the nature of the fione it felf, it is and therefore Verbena is put for any kind of
of a coarfc Rag, the fame with that of the
;

herb : yef if we will have it refemble any

:

Pyramids at Burrow-Briggs. It is four foot thing with us, I think it noj like, if not
high, and was afcended to by fteps ; which truly, the Nymfhxa, a known and
common
appeareth, in that all the fides, but the ttont, river^Plant.

i- " Qua
r**"

959 BRIG ANTES. y6o

2. " One of the fides, which is fomewhat out, and lome more legible, whereby unpre-
" narrower than the front or back: on this are judiced people may conceive them diveruy ;
" engraved In Bafs-relieve, the Cutting-knife I will therefore tell you another reading of
" (cefefpita) and the Axe (fecuris). The Knife part of the two firft lines, which 1 do not
" is exactly the fame with that on the other tlifallow, but that it will agree well enough
" Altar formerly by me mentioned in the Phi- with the hiftory of Severus, though his Apo~
" iofophical Collections of Mr. Hooke but the
: or folemn deification, was not per-
theofis,
" Axe is different ; for here it is headed with formed till he came to Rome in the manner ;

" a long and crooked point, and there the head of which Funeral-pomp Herodian is very large:
" of the Axe is divided into three points. Itwas the Reading of that excellent Anti-
3.
" The other fide; on which are engraved, quary Dr. yubufon of Pomfret.
" atter the fame manner, an Ewer (Urceolus)
" and a Ladle, which ferve for a Sympullum :
CONSERVATO
" This I call rather a Ladle than a Mallet, it
" being perfectly DiftVwife and hollow in
RI. B. PROS, & e.

" the middle, although Camden is of another

The reft as follows in mine.
*' opinion, in that elegant Sculpt of the Cum-
" berland Altar. And the very fame Uteniil I
" have feen and noted on the Ickley Altar, which Which (hews the height of flattery of thofe
:

t( " times. So that they paid their vows to the

is yet extant at Middleton-Grange near that
(<
" lately dead father the Confervator of Britain,
town but the flone which Camden fays
;

" " for the fafety of the fen: and the ftory tells
fupports a pair of flairs there (as at this day
" us how gladly he would have had him
" it does in the very road) is but an ill copy of
" " made a God long before., even with his own
it, and not the original.
" hand.
4. " The plane of the top: which is cut in
*'
the figure of a .Baton (dijcus or lanx) with
" Anfa: on each fide, confiiting of a pair of
Along the river 'Tine, are feveral Houfcs for
" of a chain, which reft upon, and fall
the making of Glafs ; for which ufe alio one1

links
" over two rowles: and this was the Harth. Houfe hnth been erected upon the river Were.
5.
" The Front; which hath an Infcription The workmen are Foreigners but know not ;

well from whence they came only, they have

of nine lines in Roman letters, each letter a
tc :

" very little more than two inches deep of our a Tradition of their being Normans, and that
" meafure; now remaining as in the prenVd they came from Sturbr'ulge, and removed from
" thence hither, in the reign of Edward the fixth
J. which I would read thus
fculpture, Fig. :

" Dis Matribus pro Salute M. Aurelii or

deabufqtte
Queen Elizabeth. At Shields, upon the
-votum johit mouth of
" the 'Tine, is a Manufacture of Salt, in
Antonini Augufii Impevatovis
" above two hundred Pans.l
lubens merito ob reditum.
" The Dea It is not ncceffary, that I give a Catalogue
Matres are well interpreted by
" Selden. It is much, that his Safety and Re- of all the Bifhops of Durham ; who are like-B£^ 10ps c^
<* turn both vowed, fhould be fo feparated in wife
Counts Palatines. It may fuffice to ob- Durban-.
ferve in fhort, that from the firft foundation
et
the Infcription ; but I have not Gruter by me
" to compare this with the like. Caracal/a, fay of this Bifhoprickin the year ^pj. to our times,
* Xipbilinus, « the Hiflorians *, after his father's death at there have been { forty Bifhops of this See.* 3 < ( c.
ffcrodiaijus,
" York, took upon him the Command of the The moft eminent, were thefe four, Hugh de
* 1013/. ready mo- ,
army alone, and the whole Empire he went Puteaco or Pudfey, who for
fcc.
(t
; 2COO
" alone againfl the enemy, who were the Cale- ney, purchas'd of Richard the firft the Earldom Marks.
of Northumberland for his own life, and Sath-
t£ donii inhabiting beyond the wall which his
". father had built ; he made peace with them, bregia to
him and his Succeilbrs forever ; and
" received their hoftages, flighted their fortified founded a very noble Hofpital, as I obfened
* and returned. And this feems to be before.
Between him and the Archbifhop, there
(
places,
" confirmed by the Infcription for, undoubted- happen'd a moft grievous Conteft, while (as a
;

" ly, upon this his laft expedition alone, with-
" out his brother Geta and mother, was this
" Altar erected to him alone, at a place about
w two Stations on this fide the wall. So that
" the vow might be as well underftood of his
" return from this expedition, as for his fafety
*:
and return to Ro?ne; which methinks fhould
" be true, or his mother and brother Geta
certain Writer words it) one would be fuperiour,^ t jie £ ar [s
; and neither
the other -would not be inferiour zuouldof Northurr>-
do any good. Next, Anthony Bee, Patriarch ofbcland.
Jcrufalem ; who fpent vaft funis of money in
extravagant buildings, and fplendid furniture.
"Thomai Wolfey, Cardinal, who wanted nothing
to compleat his happinefs, but moderation of
mind his Story is well known And Cuthbert
: :

" would fesree have been left out, at leaft fo Tunftall, who dy'd about the beginning of the nxhis C. ||

" early. For yet the Army declared for them laftage, and for Learning and Piety was (with-

" both, according to their Father's will. out envy be it fpoken) * equal to them all ; * momm om-
" Further, it feems alio to have been erected and a very great Ornament to Britain. «*"«« inflar.

" by thofe who fiatter'd him, and who were

" attenvards killed by him: and for tiiis reafon "there are in thisCounty and Northurr.berlind 1 iS
*' theperfons names
who dedicated it, fcem to Parijb-Churches, bejides a gnat many Chapels.
" me to be purpofely defaced; the fixth and
" feventh lines of the Infcription being defign-
" edlv cut away by the hollowncfs of them,
u and there not being the ltafl fign of any letter
remaining. And this, I fuppofe, might be
il
More rare Plants growing in the Bijhopruk of
" part of their difgrace ; as it was ufual to dc- Durham.
<c
face and break the Statues and Monuments of
" perfons executed, of which this monfter made Euphthalmum vulgare Ger. Diofcoridis C. B.
" flrange havock. Matthioli five vulgare millt-toliifoliisi^ri. Cba-
" But fince worn Infcriptions admit of va- mamielum chryf:.nthemum qucrundam
J. B.
" rious readings, becaufe fome letters are worn Common Ox-eye. I found this on a bank near the
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
 I

)6\ LANCASHIRE. 962

river Tees, not far from Sogbins in this Biftio- Camanlix marina Anglica, J. B. Common in
the Rocks on this Coajl near Efuigton.
prick. a .

Orafus fylvcftris feptenmonahs, Iructu par- Vicia prateniis verna feu precox Sqlqmenfis
The -wild northern Cherry-tree, with lemir.e cubico, Hexa^dron referente moris.
feu
vo ferotino.
(mall late ripe fruit. On the banks of the river Tees, Vicia minima Rivini. On Blunts Key near Nevi-
plentifully.
'near Bernards-caftle in the Bifhofrick
Ribes vulgaris fruflu rubra Gw. vulgaris aci-
caftle.

Alfine nemoi'of< —
dus ruber J. B. Red Currants. In the -woods
-'
as

well in this Bijhopritk of Durham. a< •-

farts of Tortfc—

/C

Co
tint

Chcj

._ oxnn tne Greleys, who

uCi uy report, the ancient Lords of the Town.

em-
that we" may I
(TTJ»t ftately ftone-building is now v holly
1
6 F -»loy d
 LANCAS HI RE. 962
not far from Sogburn in this Eifho- Cama-'nlix marina Anglica, J. B. Common in
river 'fees,
the Rocks an this Coajt near Ejington.
Cevafus fylveftris feptentrionalis, fruftu par- Vicia pratenlts verna feu prrecox Solomenfis
vo ferotino. 'tis wild northern Cherry-tree, with femir.e cubico, feu Hcxaedron referente moris.

final late rife fruit. On the banks of the river "fees, Vicia minima Rivini. On Blum's Key near New-
uear Bemaris-caftla in the Biflxfrick plentifully. .file.

Ribes vulgaris fruftu rubro Gar. vulgaris aci- Alfine nemoiofa maxima montana. Common
aus ruber J. B. Red Currants. In the woods as on the f!?ady banks of the river IVere* as near
vxll in this Bijhofritk of Durham, as in
the northern
the New-bridge at Durham, and feveral other
farts 0/ Torhjbire, and in H'tflmorland. places.
Penr.aphyD.oid.es fruticofa. Shrub-Cinquefoil
Pfeudo-Afphodcluspaluftris Scoticus minimus
.

"this is alfo found in this County.

Raij. On a fell in this County about a mile Ea(l
Mufcus Coralloides ramofus, capitulis mr.g-
from Birdale in IVeflmorland.
nis, N
D. Vfon Rocks County, Torkjhirt
in this
Betula rotundi folia nana. N. D. On a mofs
and Northumberland.
Equifetum nudum Gir. Frequent id this County near Birdale.

and Northumberland in dryfandy ground.

LANCASHIRE.
flrike into another rather fuppofe
Mankind to blame for their Idle-
Muft now
the Earth for Ingratitude. But as
Road, and proceed to the re- nefs, than
goodnefs of this Country, we fee it in
maining part of the Brigan- for the
of the Natives, who are^
tes, who fettl'd beyond the the very complexion
well-favour'd and comely; nay, audit
Mountains towards the We- exceeding
ftern Ocean. And firft, of we will obferve it, in the Cattle too. For in the Lanca(llir0
Oxen (which have huge horns, and * compaa 0jIen
thofe of Lancafiire, whom
,

may ittore- bodies) you mifs nothing of that perfection, * Compofico

I approach with
a kind of dread:
which Mago the Carthaginian, in Columella, re-torpor*
tZl n n ill But 1 fear I (hall be fo tar from
'

not fatisfie quires.

Syigh; Reader, that I
I
far
had
(hall
On the South, it is divided from Chefhire by
furvey d the
myfelf. For after
County I found very few the river Merfey; which fprings out of the
«L er part of this mind ancien names middle of the Mountains, and becomes the
gucoveries to my to be the fo much obfeur d
;
boundary as foon as it is got a little from its rife,
feem-d every where runs with a gentle ftream towards the
may and
anddefttoy'd by age.
However that
to this County, I will
run Weft, as it were inviting other rivers (to ufe the
not feem wanting of the Poet) into his az.ure lap and forth-
attempt j^opnig that the words
;

"he hazard of the the Irwell from the North, and

which hath favour d me 111 the with receives
Divine afliftance
me in this. with it all the rivers of this Eaftern part. The
reft, will not fail river Roch, upon which, in a
(which as I have of- mod noted is the
Under the Mountains ;

(lands Rochdale, a market-town of no p^dale.

ten obferv'd, run
through the middle of Enj- valley,
upon the Irwell it felf,
make themfelves Vm- (mail refort; as alfo Bury
1 id and if I may fo fay. no way inferiour to the other.
^nddiftinguiiLhefLralTraasand Coun- a market-town
,

firft of thefe gives the

title of Baron to the
of Lancafier on the Weft fThe ,
ties) lyes the County
Byron ; whofe anceftor, Sir John Byron, was,
call'd in Saxon
Loncarrep-rcype, and commonly Lord
valour, and eminent loyalty to
the County Palatine for his great
Lnka-jlnre, Lancafiire, and
Charles the firft, created Lord Byron
of
it is dignified with the King
of Lancafier, becaufe. Near Bury, while I fought for
It lies pent-up
between York- Rochdale.l
Palatine.

K
County V,h-

beginning of
title of
S« the (hire on the Eaft, and the Infh
but on the South-fide
Sea to the Weft Coccium mentioned by
towards Cbejhrre, it is a wooden
Chapel
in a
Antoninus, I faw Cockley Cacii hy.
;

let round with Trees ; Turton-

dirty deep place: 1«r'on-tower,
n"^"- and little, as it (hoots Chapel, fituate rmto ^
broader; and by little The
it borders upon Weft-
and Entweijfel j neat and elegant houfes. + So fajdj
out to the North, where an honourable ann l6o7 .
morland, it grows narrower.
And there, by latter of which belong'd formerly to _

Sea, it is divided by an Family

of the name; the former was the feat ||[sat ,h;, II

the breaking in of the family of the Oralis, [and now ot day, C.

confiderable part lies of the famous
as a
Arm thereof: fo
the Cheetbams.~\ Where the Irk runs into the
to Cumberland.
beyond the Bay, and joyns bank (which is a kind
plain and level, it 'Irwell, on the left-hand
Wherethis County is miles from the
Wheat pretty well at th of reddifh ftone) and fcarce three
Barley and
(lands that ancient Town, called in
;
yields
Oats grow bed The Soil IS Merfey,
foot of the hills, Mancunium.
in fome moid and Antoninus, according to different copies, Manca-
every where tolerable, except old name itjias not
which not- nium and Manutium; which
Mofc. unwholfome places, call'd Moffes; at this day, being now call'd Man- MuncMer,
;

tor thefe inconve- quite loft

withftanding make amends This furpafles all the Towns hereabouts
Benefits that very much over- chefter.
niences, by woollen-manufaaure,
being in building, populoufnefs,
balance them. For the fa-face ot them
market-place, and Church ; and in its College,
excellent tat fur} for fuel;
Tu,S. par'd off, makes an founded in the rcigq ot Henry the
Trees, that have ei- winch was
and fometimes they yield fifth, by rThanas Lord La-Ware,
who was in
buried
ther grown under-ground, or lain long
Orders, and was the laft heir-male of the fa- - .

there Lower down, in fome parts, they find He was defended from the Gretsys, who
their ground; mily.
rjreat ftore of Marie to manure Tow a.
by report, the ancient Lords of the
whereby that which was reckon d uncapable were,
foil
(lone-building is now wholly em-
fo kindly improv'd,
that we may ([That ftatelv
of Corn, is
s' F ploy'd
 ;

J 963 BRIG ANT ES. 9H

ploy'd tor the ufe of the Hofpital and Library.) Mancbejier, the Statutes for the fame being
* So fa id, Bat was much more drawn up by Archbifhop Laud.
In the * laft age, this place
arm. 1607. eminent for its Woollen-cloth or Manchefter-Cot- The Hoipital was founded by Humphrey Ches- Hofpital
and it is fo
if ill.
mis ; and alfo tor the privilege of a Sanctuary tham Elquire, and incorporated by KingCharlcs
t

Mane heller which bjjAct of Parliament in Henry the eighth's
Co [tons. time v as transferred to Chefter. TBut the growth
of this Place, in this and the laft age, having been
fo ccniiderable, and what his fet it fo far above
its neighbours in all refpects; it may defervedly
claim a particular account to be given of its
prefent (late. For although it is neither a Cor-
poration, nor docs it fend Burgefles to Parlia-
ment; yet perhaps, as an ia-land town, it has
the belt trade of any in thofe Northern parts.
The Fuftian Manufacture, called Mamhefier-
Cuttons, {till continues there, and
the fecond ; being defigned by the faid bounti-
ful Benefactor tor the maintenance of forty poor
boys, out ot the Town and Pariih of Man-
chefter, and fome other neighbouring Pariihes.
But (ince, it is enlarged tu the number of iixty
by the Governours ot the faid Hofpital, to be
taken-in between the age of fix and ten, and
there maintained with, meat, drink, lodging,
and cloaths, to the age of fourteen, and then
to be bound Apprentices to fome honeft trade
or calling at the charge ot the faid Hoipital.
very For the maintenance whereof, he endowed it with
is ot late

much improved by fome modern inventions of * a large yearly revenue, which is hnce { much* ,
20/
dying and printing; and this, with the great improved by the care and good husbandry of aim.
variety of other manufactures, known by the the Feoffees or Governours, who laid out]] a + Xo -517;.
name of Manchefier-Wares, renders not only the large fum in the purchaie ot lands, v. inch was 8 Sl 4 ^* P £r
town it felf, but alfo the Parifh about it, rich, fared out of the yearly income over and above Arm i6-<,
populous and induftrious. Eighty years ago, the maintenance ot the poor children, and 1825 A ||

there were computed near 20000 Communi- others belonging to the faid Hofpital; wherein
cants in the town and Parifh ; fince which time there are annually near feventy perlons provided
the inhabitants are mucli more numerous, pro- for.

portionable to the jncreafe of trade ; and, of late, Within the Hofpital, and by the bounty of Library.
the Town hath been much improved by the the faid Founder, is alio erected a very fair and

building of many fair and ftatcly Houfes fpacious Library, already Jurnifhed with a com-
which make a very handfom Street. At the end petent fleck of choice and valuable books, and
of this, a beautiful Church hath alfo been with * a large yearly income *
lately erected, by the voluntary Contributions
daily encreafing
fettled
;

upon the fame by the

x ^
laid worthy bene- an*,
/,
^
of the Inhabitants, and others; for which end, factor, to buy Books tor ever, and to afford a
we find a Statute pafs'd in Parliament, in the competent falary for a Library-keeper. There
Cap. 6. feventh year of her Majefty Queen Anne. is alfo a large School for the Hofpital-boys,
The Collegiate Church (which was built in where they are daily inftructed, and taught to
the year 1422.) is alfo a very large, beautitul, write and read.
and ftately edifice ; and the Quire is particularly The Publick School was founded A.D. ijrp,^] t

remarkable for neat and curious carv'd work. by Hugh Oldham D. D, and Biihop of Exeter,
its
The Town beautify 'd with three re- who bought the Lands on which the School
is likewife

markable Foundations, a College, a Hofpital, and Hands, and took the Mills there in f teafe of the f For 60
a Publick School ; the following account whereof Lord DelaWare. Afterwards, with the Ei-J' 6 "* 1

we owe to the late worthy Warden of this place. fhop's money, Hugh Besvwiek, and Joan his filler,
College. The College was founded A. D. 142 1 by 'Tho- purchafed of the Lord De la Ware his Lands in
.

mas de la Ware3 at firft Rector of the faid Parifh- Ancoam, and the Mills upon Irk, and left them
Church, and brother to the Lord de la Wave in Feoffment to the faid Free-fchool for ever.
to whom he fucceeded in the eftate and ho- Which Revenues are of late very much encreas'd
nour, and then founded a College here, con- by the Feoffees of the School, who, out of the
fitting of one Mailer or Keeper, eight Fellow- improvements, have confiderably augmented as-
Chaplains, four Clerks, and fix Chorifters. well the Matters falaries, as the Exhibitions an-
in honour of St. Mary ("to whom the faid nually allowed to the maintenance of fuch fcho-
Parifh-Church was formerly dedicated) and lars at the Univerfity, as the Warden of the Col-
of St. Dennis of France, and St. George of Eng- lege and the high Matter lhall think requifite; and
land. This foundation was diilolved 1547, in have betides, tor fome years pait, added a third
the firft year of King Edward the fixth, and Matter, for whom they have lately erected a
the lands and revenues of it were taken into the new and convenient School at the end of the
King's hands, and by him demifed to the Earl other.
of Derby ; and the College-houfe and fome lands Befides thefe publick Benefactions and En-
were fold to the faid Earl. The College was dowments, there have been feveral other con-
re-founded by Queen Mary, who reftored moil: fiderable fums of money, and annual revenues,
of the lands and revenues ; only the College it left and bequeathed to the Poor of the faid
felf, and fome of its revenues, remain'dftill in the Town; who are thereby, with the kindnefs and
hands of the Earl of Derby. It was alfo founded charity of the prefent inhabitants, competently
a-new by Queen Elizabeth A.D. 1578, by the provided for, without flarving at home, or be-
name of Cbvift's-Colkge in Manchejler, confiding ing forced to feek relief abroad.
of one Warden, four Fellows, two Chaplains, The Town gives title to an honourable fa-
four Singing-men, and four Cborifters ; the mily; Henry Montague (Lord Montague of Kim-
number being leflen'd, becaufe the revenues bolton and Vifcount Mandevil) having been
were alfo leffen'd, chiefly by the covetoufnefs and created Earl of Manchefter by King Charles
falfe-dealing of Thomas Her le then Warden, and the firft, A.D. 1625; who was fucceeded there-

his Fellows, who fold away, or made fuch long
leafes of the revenues, as could never yet, fome
of them, be retriev'd. It was, laft of all, re-
founded by King Charles the firft, A.D. 167,6,
connotating therein one Warden, four Fellows,
two Chaplains, four Singing-men, and four
Choriflers, and incorporating them by the name
of the'. Warden and Fellows of Chrift's College in
in by Edward his fon and heir, Lord Chamber-
lain of the Houfhold to King Charles the fe-
cond. To him fucceeded in the fame Tides,
firft, Robert his fon and heir; and then, Charles
his Grandfon, who hath been Ambaifkdor Ex-
traordinary to Venice, and to the French Court;
and was foon after conflituted one of the Prin-
cipal Secretaries of State and who alfo, in,
;

confide-
 LANCASHIRE. 966
crnfideration of thefe and the like Services to crib'd it from him ; and fo it was handed
his Country, hath been advanced by King down as current to the reft of our Hiftoriars.
George, to the higher honour of Duke of Man- Which confent hath indue'd fome more mo-
chefier.l
dern Writers to clofe with the received Opi-
In a neighbouring Park, Theretoforel belong- nion. But in the Saxon Annals (which are
+ Aid port ing to the Earls or" Derby, cail'd | Alparc, I the original of this flory ) we are told, that
Ltigb. law the foundation of an old fquare Fort, which An. 922. Edward repair'd mani^e ceaj-cep, by
Mancaftlc, they call Mamaftle where the river Medloc which a * learned Antiquary (taking it appella-* Bifhop
; M-
joins the Invell. I will not fay, that this was tively) will have only multa trvitates, many Ci- cholj'on.

the ancient Nlanmnium, the compafs of it is fo ties, to be meant without confining it to any-
;

little ;but rather that it was fome Roman fta- particular one. And this opinion is coiiiirmM,
uon. Here I faw an ancient Stone with this not only by the writing of the Copies (for
Infcription ;
they make them two diftincl words,) but alio
by the deriving of the prefent name from the old
O C ANDIDI Mancunium, whereby the relation that it might
FIDES. XX. feem to have to the Saxons, and the fuppofui-
IIII. on of its Original from thence, is made of no
force.]

This other was copied for me, by the fa- This Towti feems to have been deflroy'd
mous Mathematician, J. Dee Warden of Man- in theDanifh wan and becaufe the Inhabi-
,-

tants behav'd themfelves bravely againft them,

dkfter College.
they will have their Town cail'd Mancbefler ;
COHO. I. FRISIN that is, as they explain
it, a City of men: and

3 MASAVONIS ot this notion they are (trangely fond, as feem-

P. XXIII. ing to contribute much to their honour. But

thefe well-meaning People are not fenlible, that

They feem to have been erected to the memo- Mancunium wasthe name of ithuheBritiflh times;
io that an original fetch 'd from our Englifh
ry of thofe Centurions, in consideration of their
approved loyalty for fo many years. tongue, will by no means hold. And therefore
fAnother Infcription was dug-up at the fame I had rather derive it from the Britifti word
place, by the Main, which lignifies a [tone. For it (lands up-
river Medlock, in the year 1612.
on a ftony hill ; and beneath the Town at Coly- Colyhurfi*
FORTVNAE hurfi, there are noble and famous Stone -Quarries.
CONSERVA But to return. The Merfey, now enlarged by
TRICI the river Irweil, runs towards the Sea, by Traf-
L. SENECIA ford, which hath given both name and habitation
NIVS MAR to the famous family of the Traffords and byTraflbrd: :

TIVS 3 LEG Chatmofs, a wet marfhy ground of great extent

JChatmofs.
VI. VICT. a coniiderable part whereof, in the memory of

f our Fathers, was wafh'd away by a river-f So faid,

The Stone is three quarters long, fifteen inches flood, not without great danger to the neigh- ann 1607* '

broad, and eleven thick and is preferv'd entire hours ; caufing alfo a corruption of the wa-
;

in the garden at Hulme, the feat of the Bland*. ters, which deltroy'd abundance of the fifh in
Lords of the Town of Mancbefler by marriage thofe rivers. In this tract there is now aMffis,
with the heirefs of the Mofeleys. " It feems to Valley watered by a imall river ; and* Trees 1 16 / co,rie *
W
-

" be an Altar dedicated to Fortune by L. Senecia- have been difcover'd lying Hat in the ground. T See Le 'Z h>
" nm Martini, the third Governouror Comman- From whence one would think, that (while the ** P 21 * ' '

" der in the fixth Legion, which remain'd at earth lay uncultivated, and the ditches un-
" Totk in the time of Severus's being there, a£ fcour'd in thefe low plains, and, either by neg-
" ter he had vanquifiVd Albinm General of the left or depopulation, the water-paflages were
" Britains, and redue'd their State under his ftop'd up, ) thofe grounds that lay lower than
K obedience. It was iirnam'd Viclrix, and is the reft, turn'd into fuch boggy Mojfes, or elfe
" plac'd by Dio in Lovjer Britain and the 20;
rl1
into ftanding Pools. If this be true, there is
Lib. ^. p.
<c
Legion, firnam'd alfo Viclrix, remain'd at no reafon to admire, that fo many Trees in
Edit, Step!: • " Cheiter, which he placeth in higher Britain. places of this nature all over England, but par-
1592. " This dirifion, it feemeth, was made by the ticularly in this County, do lie bury'd in the Treej Uncicr^
" Tame Se-vertts." So faith a Manufcript, writ- iund. For when the roots of them were Srourid *

ten by Mr. Hollingworth (once Fellow of the Col- loofeu'd by the too great moifture of the earth,
legiate Church here,) and now preferv'd in the it was impoilible but they fhould fall, and fo
Publick Library at Mancbefter. But as to Sene- (ink and be drown*^ in fuch a fpungy Soil.
damn's being third Governouror Commander; The People hereabouts ufe poles and fpits to
it is a way of exprefTmg the particular (tation difcover where they lie and having found the ;

of a (ingle perfon in the army, which is hardly place, they dig for them, and ufe them for fi-
to be met with in their Inicriptions. Befides, ring. For they burn as bright and clear as a
their Numerals, both in Coins, Medals, and In- Torch which perhaps is caufed by the bitu-
;

fcriptions, were always exprefs'd by Capital Fi- minous earth tfiat they have Iain in. For
gures, and not in that abbreviated way which this reafon, the common people think they have
we ufe now-a-days. Sothatonewouldratherima- been Firr-trees which (War denies to have No Firs in
;

gine, that what he calls 3, was defign'd to ex- grown in Britain. I know the Opinion gene-Briuin in
*
prefs the Office which he bore in that Legion.l rally received, is, that thefe have remained here-C:Erir ^J*
s '

In the year 920, Edward the elder, as Mari- ever fince the Deluge, and were then beaten down
anus fays, fent an Army of the Mercians into by the violence of the waters and the rather, :

Northumberland (for then this belong'd to the becaufe they are fometimes dug-up in the high-
Kings of Northumberland) that they Jbould er grounds. However, they deny not, but thefe
pair the City of Manchefier, and put a Garrifon in higher grounds they fpeak of, are wet and
it. TThis pafiage, Marianus had from the Sax- quaggy. This kind of huge Trees is like-
on Chronicle, and Florence of Worcefler tran- wile often found in Holland in Germany ;
which
 ;

57 BRIG ANT ES. 968

which the learned there fuppofe, either to have complain, how faft the old race of our Nobi-
been undermhi'd by the Waves on the Sea- lity f fades ind decays. + So ftid,'
fhore, or blown down by Storms, and fo car- Let us now go on with the Merfey which ann t6 °7- ; '

ry 'd into thefe low wainy places, and there runs by Warrington,
remarkable for its Lords Warrington.
lunk into tile ground. But thefe Points are the Butlers, who obtain'd for it the privilege of
more proper to be coniider'd by a College or Market, from Edward the firft. fHere is a

Vtrtuofi.
fine bridge over the Merfey. The Town is pret-

fAs to that Opinion of Carfar, that no Fir- ty large and its Market confiderable. In the
trees ever grew in Britain ; it is not only con- iecond year of King William arid Queen Ma-
futed by Firs lying under-ground, but, as Sir ry, Henry Booth Lord Delamere of Dunbam-

Rabat Sibb'ald tells us, by whole forefts of thofe Majjey (fon of the eminently loyal Sir George
* Chron. p. trees in the north of Scotland. And * Speed Booth) was created Earl of Warrington, which
160.
gives us this memorable paflage, That at Lougb- titleis enjoy'd at prefent by George, his fon.l

Argick ill the north-weft of that Kingdom,

there Hence, northward, at no great diftance, ftands
grew Firs of great height and thicknefs. At Whrwick, rfuppos'd by fome to be the City Winwiek._
Cair Guntin among the Britains ; which is call'd u *"- Pn
-
the root they bore twenty eight handtuls a- '
by Ninnius Can Guintguic, and isl famous for""" p 35
'

bcut and the bodies mounted to ninety foot

'

in length, bearing twenty inches diameter being one of the beft * Benefices in England.* Saceriotia.
throughout. This, he tells us, was certify 'd Here, in the uppcrmoft part ot the Church,
t» King James the firft, by CommifTioners who are thefe Verfcs in an old
barbarous character,
were fent purpofely to enquite for ftich timber, concerning King Oiwald.
for mafts. Nay, and it is demonftrable, that
molt of our Mefs-viood is of this kind. In this Hie Incus, Ofwaldc, quondam placuit tibi
He J- very County
alfo, at Hey (formerly a feat of valde,

the Heys) thefe Trees grow in great abundance, Northanhmnbronim jueras Rex, nuncque Po-
lorum
by theinduftry and- contrivance of Thomas Bro-
Regna Marcelde -vacate.
therton Efq; to whom the world is indebted
for terns, loco pajftts

many carious Obfervations and Experiments "1

Phil. Tranf. concerning the growth of Trees. And to ffiew This happy Place did holy Ofiuald
N l8 7'
-

that Fir-trees grew in thefe parts ancient!}, love,

I
Leigh large Who once Northumbria rul'd, now reigns
as well as now ; in the draining of a
\,

Meer, they have found not only Fir-Stocks but above,

Fir-Apples alfo : and however the Wood might And from Marcelde did to Heaven re- |

be altered into fomething like Firr by the bi- move.

tuminous matter it lay in ; it is certain, the
Apples could not belong to a Tree of any other From Warrington, the Merfey grows broader,
kind.l and foon after contracts again ; but at lail
Next to Chatimfs, we fee Hokroft, which gave opens into a wide mouth very commodious for
Hokroft.
Lib. Inq.in both feat and name to the famous family of trade, and then runs into the Sea near Litber-
poole, in Saxon Licenpole, commonly Lirpoole
Sctucttr.
the Holcrofts, formerly enriched by marriage
fo call'd (as it is thought ) from the water Litherpoole,
with the Coheir of Culchit. For this place
fpread there like a fen. It is the moft conve-
ftands hard by which Gilbert de Culchit held
;

it nient and ufual place for fetting fail

into Ire-
in fee of Almarick Butler, as Almarick held
in Fee of the Earl de Ferrariis in Henry the land
but not fo eminent for Antiquity, as
;

Whofe eldeft daughter and heir for neatnefs and populoufnefs. Su6h perfons I

third's time.
are free of this Town, have the benefit of
being marry'd to Richard the foil of Hugh dc as

Bindley, he took the name of Culchit ;

alfo Tho- being Free-men alfo of Waterford and Wexford
in that Kingdom, as alfo of Briftol in this. To
mas his brother, who marry'd the fecoud
this (with their trade to the Weft-Indies, and
daughter, was call'd from the eftate, Hokroft
another, for the fame reafon, took the name of the feveral Manufactures in the parts adjacent)
Variety of
de Rijeley. is probably owing the vaft growth
of the Town,
names. Fecufalong ; and the fourth, that of
that it's buildings
Which 1 mention, for a teftimony, that as our of late years. Infomuch,
Anceftors were grave and fettl'din other things, and people are more than doubly augmented,
fo in rejecting old and taking new
names from and the Cuftoms eight or tenfold encreas'd, in
light and chan- the prefent Age. They have
built a Town-houfe
their they
Eftates, were very
geable. And this plac'd on pillars and arches of hewn ftone,
was a thing commonly pra-
for the Merchants
fiis'd heretofore, parts of England. with a publick Exchange
in other
little Towns (as alfo underneath it;
many and a publick Charity-School,
Hereabouts, are
a large and beautiful Structure. It
through this whole County, and Cbefhire, and which is
given names principally indebted to the Mores of Blank-
other Northern parts) which have is

chief Lords and Owners of the greateft

to famous Families, and continue in the hands ball,
,.of thofe of the name to t this very day. As part of it ; by whom it was beautified with
f Ann. „5 goodly buildings of hewn ftone fo that fome of
A/ion of Afton, Atherton of Atherton, Tillefley of
' :

Bold of Bold, Hes- the ftreets are nam'd,

from their relation
Standiffi of Standijb,
Tillcfley,
family. In the tenth year of the reign
ket of Hesket, Worthmgton of IVorthington, Tor- to that
Statute was palled to ena-
beck of Torbeck, &c. It would be endlefs to of King William, a
to build a Church and endow the
reckon up all ; and it is not my defign to give ble them
but to furvey fame, and to make the Town and Liberties
an account of eminent Families,
it felf diftinft from Walton.
Places of Antiquity. Yet, as thefe and fuch thereof a Parifh of
(that 1 And in the eighth year of Queen
Anne, was
like families in the Northern Counties
Law, for making here a conve-
may obferve it once for all,) rofe by their Bra- pafs'd another
very, and improv'd in Wealth by their fruga- nient
Dock or Bafon, for the Security of all
plain- Ships trading to and from this
Port ; and a
lity, and by the good old felf-contented
fame year, for bringing frefh water
third, the
nefs and fimplicity; fo, in the South parts oi
England, Luxury, Ufury, Debauchery, and into the
Town, tor the convenience of the In-
Cheating, have undone the mod flourifhing fa- habitants.
They have a Free-School, which
formerly a Chapel; at the weft-end where-
milies in a ilioit time ; infomuch that many was of,
joo LANCASHIRE. 97°
5
of",next the river, there flood the flatue of St. John Baron Le Strange of Kjwkin, who d) d
Nicholas (long fince defacM and gone) to whom during the Life ot his father, leaving a fori,
j

the Mariners offer'd, when they went to Sea. Thomas, the fecondEarl of Derby. He by his wife
.

To reputation of
add to the it Ann, daughter
this Town, of Edward Lord Haftings, had
hath had feveral Mayors who were perfons of a fon, Edward, the third Earl of Derby; who by
j

the moil considerable families in this County,' Dorothy, the daughter of Thomas Howard Duke
both before and fince the Reiteration.] |of Norfolk, had Henry, the fourth Earlj whofe

The name is not to be met with in old Wri- wife was Margaret, daughter of Henry Clifford
ters but only that Roger of Poitiiers, who Earl of Cumberland, and mother of Ferdinand
;

was Lord of the Honour oj Lancafier (according the f fifth Earl ; and of WiUiam the fixth Earl, +
Who iy'd
ate v>
to the language of thofe days) built a Caftle who fucceeded his brother fand whofe fon Kvas
here the Government whereof was en joy*d for James, the feventh Earl, a perfon of eminent
;

a long time by the noble family of the Moli- Loyalty and Valour father of Charles the eighth, ;

neaux, Knights, fand now Lords Molineaux^ and of James the ninth Earl, who at prefent
whofe chief Scat is hard by at Sefton, which the enjoys the honour.
fame Roger de Poi'diers bellow upon Vivian M
This place is memorable, as for its Earls, fo
de Molineaux, a little after the coming-in of alfo for that perfonal and fuccelsful defence ot
the Normans; for all the Land between the ade by Sherlotta the loyal Countefsof Der-
RibeU and the Merfey, belonged to the faid Ro- by, againft a clofe and long (iege of the Parlia-
ger, as appears by Domefday. TTheir ordina- ment-Army in the year 1C44. For a more
ry Refidence is at a Houfe newly built, about particular account of her bravery, the Reader
three miles from this place. is referred to Sir WiUiam Dugdale's account of

Brosby-maj
Near Sefton, is Crosby magna, where they have this Action, in his Baronage. However, this
a Grammar-School, founded by one Harrifon a ancient Houfe of Latham, after a fecond hege,
native of the place. It is a fair building of free-: was laid almoft flat in the dull, and the head
*$ol.per none, and f well endow'd, belides * a provition of James, that heroiek Earl of Derby, was cut
for Repairs and Vifitations. At a little di- off at Bolton in this County, Octo ij. 1651.
1

anft.

f •jl.or&l.fance is Crosby parva, within which Lordfhip, by the prevailing power of the Parli. ment. Near
pcrann.
Crosby-par-
m
a pj ace c.iU'd Harkirke, feveral Saxon Coins
- Lathom-Paxk, is a Mineral-water or Spaw, as
^
y& been dug-up, the portraitures whereof deeply impregnated with the Iron and p'itriol
Minerals, as any either in this County, or in
were printed in a Copper-plate by WiUiam Blun-
del, Efquire.l Yorkfhire. The want of convenient Lodging
Near Sefton aforefaid, the little river Alt and other Accommodations, make it leGs fre-
runs into the Sea ; leaving its name to Altmouth quented ; but it is certain, it has done fome
a fmall village at the mouth of it ; and running notable Cures. On each fide of the Bay, which Leigh, \.u
in the divides the fhore, was a large Meer, known P-* 8
Femeby,C. at a little diflance from \Formby, where,
*

Formby. mouy grounds, they call up Turves, which ferve by the name of Martin-mesr the larger of
:

the Inhabitants both for fire and candle. Un- which was drained fome years fince ; and in
der the Turf there lies a blackifh dead water, draining it, they found no lels than eight Ca-
which has a kind of oily fat fubflance floatm; noos, which, in figure and dimenfion, were not

Pifties dug- upon it, and little fifh.es fwimming in it, which much unlike thofe that are ufed in Ame-
are taken by the Diggers * ; fo that we rica.]
* Notbin;
may fay, we have Fifh dug out of the ground Here Duglefs, a fmall brook, runs with a fliil Duglefs river*
like this is to near which our Arthur (as Nin-
in England, as well as they have about He- gentle flream ;
n
hcard f°at radea and This in Pontus.
Nor is this Grange; nius tells us) defeated the Saxons in a memo-
prefent.
'
fince in watry places of this nature, the fifti rable battel. Near the rife of it, ftands /#%-Wiggin.
following the water, often fwim under-ground; gin, a
(" as they
Town
fay ) formerly called
and fo men are fore'd to fijh for
nothing to fay of the name,
them with Pibiggm. I have

fpades. But, that in Paphlagonia many fifh but that in Lancafime they call buildings Big- B 'g£tn,
wliat -
are dug-up, and thofe good ones too, in places gin; nor of the place, but that it is neat and
not at all watery ; has fomewhat of a peculiar plentiful, and a Corporation -confifting of a May-
and more hidden caufe in it. That of Seneca or and Burgeffes : alfo, that the Rector of the
was pleafantly faid, What reafon is there why fifh Church is (as I have been told) Lord of the Town.
Jhould not travel the Land, if we travevfe the Sea ? Hard by, ftands Holland, from which the
f As to the oily matter abovementioned, a Chy-
lands a famous family (who Were Earls of
Hoi-
Kent
^^
mift in the neighbourhood extra&ed from it an and Surrey, and Dukes of Exeter ) took their
Oyl extraordinary Soveraign in Paralytick Di- name and original. The daughter and heir of
ftempers ; having firfl congealed it into a turf.] the eldefl brother (who fiourifh'd here with
From hence the fhore is bare and open, with the degree and title of Knight,) being at laft
a very great winding. More inward from the marry'd to the Lovels, brought them both the
Ormeskirke. Sea, ftands OrmesUrke, a Market-town, remar- Eftate and the Arms of this Family, namely,
kable for being the burial-place of the Stanleys, In a field Autre* fiorete Argent a Lion rampant A™ s ° ftha

Is, C.
l|
Derby ; whofe chief Seat was Latham
Earls of rdant Arg. J| ^ * With flow-
Latham. hard by, a Houfe large and flately, which from fin Haigh, near Wigghi, are very plentiful ers de Lyz,
* Has, C. the time of Henry the fourth
* had been con- and profitable Mines of an extraordinary Coal. Haigh.
tinually enlarging. At that time, Sir JohnStan- Befides the clear flame it yields in burning,
ley Knight (lather of John Lord Lieutenant of it has been curioufly polifh'd into the appear-
Ireland, defcended from the fame flock with ance of black marble, and rram'd into large
the Barons of Audley ) marry 'd the daughter Candkflicks, Sugar-boxes, and Spoons, with
and heir of Thomas Latham an eminent Knight many other f'uch torts of Veflels ; which have
to whom this great Eflate, with many others, been prefented as Curioiities, and met with
had come in right of his wife. From that time good acceptance, both at home and abroad.
Stanleys, the Stanleys Hv'd here ; of whom Thomas North from hence lies Whittle, near C/W/ey, wh! "le.
Earls of (f n of Thomas Lord Stanley) was made Earl where a Mine of Lead has been lately found,
D«by.
f Derby by King Henry the feventh, and had and wrought with good fuccefs porHbly, the ;

by Eleanor Nevill, daughter to the Earl of Sa- firfl that has been wrought in this County.
lisbury, George Lord Le Strange. For he had And near the fame place is a plentiful Quarry
marry 'd Joan, the only daughter and heir of of Mill-fiones, no lefs memorable than thofe
6 which G
 9?i BRIG ANTES. 972
which arc mentioned before in the Peake of and alfo, that what I have already obferv'd may
Derby. Within a mile and halt" of IViggin, is oe the better underftood, viz,. the higheft How
Bun a Well which does not appear to be a tpnng,
: Alps come to be call'd Pennine, and the veryAIpes
but rather rain-water. At tirft fight, there is top ot a hill, Pentium; and why the Appentiines Pemia &'
nothing about it that Teems extraordinary ; but were fo called, by the old Gauls. For Pen in Pen, what In
•upon emptying it, there presently breaks out a Bntifh fignifies the tops of mountains. Bricift.
fulphureotis vapour, which makes the water [Not tar from this hill, is Colne, where Ro- Colne.
bubble up as it it boyl'd. When a Candle is put man Coins are frequently dug-up, but without
toit, it patently takes and burns like any other appearance of a Roman Town or Sta-
tire,

brandy. The flame, in a calm feafoti, will tion here, fuch as For riti cat ions, Altars, Boun-
continue fometimes a whole day by the heat daries, or the like which makes the Learned Dr. Le^b,
; :

whereof they can boyl eggs, meat, &c. tho' Antiquary and Hiftorian of this County, con-P< «
the water it felf be cold. By this bubbling, elude thofe Coins to have been hid there by
the water does not encreafe ; but is only kept lome of the Roman Soldiers, upon a foretight
in motion by the conftant Halitus of the va- of their falling into the Enemies hands, or up-
pours breaking out. The fame water taken out on fome other accidental occation.l At the
of the Well, will not burn ; as neither the mud bottom of Pendle-hill ftands Clithero-caftk, which Clnhero-ca-
* Philofoph. upon which the Halitus has beat * and this :
was built by the Laceys, at a imall diftance from ttle.
Tranf. N.
fh CW s, that it is not fo much the water that the Rhibell and near it, Whaley, in Saxon fa.- Whaley.
;

takes tire, as fome bituminous or fulphureous fumes
that break out there.]
Mertan. Near the mouth of the Duglefs, lies Merton,
a large broad lake, that empties it felf into this
river; which, at the mouth or bay, is joyn'd by
the river Ribell. After the Merfey ; this is the
next river that falls into the
name whereof is not entirely loft for Ptolemy
^Eftuary here, Bellifama, and we Ribell
Bcllifama. ca [\ s t ] ie
perhaps by joyning to it the Saxon word Rhe,
which (ignities 'a river. This river, running
with a very fwift ftream from Yorklhire-hills,
tirft palles fouthward, by three high mountains:
Inaleborrow- Jagkbmrow-lMl, near the head of it which is a name to a village call'd at this day Rible-chefter, RiblecheRer.
laleg, remarkable for a Monaftery built by
the Laceys, which was tranflated trom Stanhiw
in the County of Chefter, in the year 1296.
And in the year 798. Duke Wada. was defeat-
ed in a Battel, by Ardulph King of the Nor-
thumbrians, here at Billangho, now by con-
Ocean : the old traction call'd Langho. TNot far from Whaley
; to the weft, is Brunly, | in which Parifh have + Philofoph.
; been found (everal ancient Roman Coins, many Tranf, N.
of them Conlular, with the antique form of^4-
the Caput Urbis, without Infcription, inftead of
the Emperor's head.]
The Rhibell turning fhort to the weft, gives
;

*""• wonderful tight, for it fhoots out in a vaft where fo many marks of Roman Antiquity, as
ridge riling gradually to the weft ward, and to- Statues, Coins, Pillars, Pedeftals, Chapiters,
wards the end mounts up as if another hill Altars, Marbles, and Infcriptions, are common-
Penigent. were laid upon the back of it. Penigent, fo ly dug-up, that this hobbling rhyme of the
call'd perhaps from it's white and fnowyhead; Inhabitants does not feem. to be altogether
for that is the fignification oi Pengwin in Bri- ;roundlefs :

tifh : it is a huge mountain, but not fo high

as the other. Where the Ribell enters Lanca-
It is written upon a wall in Rome,
shire (for the two that I have mention'd, are in
VtadMM. Ribchefter was as rich as any Town in Chri-
•
YorkthireJ Hands Pendle-hill, of great height r

Plant "c.'" a^d

which, on the very top, produces * a plant.
Clowdeiber- call'd Clowdesberry, as if it were the otf-lpring
ry. of the Clouds. TSorne of our Botanifts have Moreover, two Military-ways led hither :

it the name of Vaccinia nubis ; but the

one, which is plain by it's high caufey, from
given
more common, and the truer, is Chamamoms York the other from the north through Bow- j

for it is a Dwarf-mulberry. It is not peculiar land, a large forefl ; and this alfo appears very

to Penile-hilly but grows plentifully on the bog-

plain for feveral miles together. But the In-
fcriptions are fo defae'd by the country-people,
gy tops of mofl of the high mountains both
in England and Scotland. In Norway alfo, and that though I met with many, I had much ado
other Northern Countries, it is plentiful enough, to read one or two of them. At Salisbury- Salisbury-
Inftead of Gerard's miftaken name of Cloud- Hall, hard by, Theretofore] the Seat of the no- hal1 *
ble and ancient family of the Talbots, on the
berry, the Northern Peafants call it Cnout-berry ;

and have a tradition that the Danifh King pedeftal of a Pillar, I faw this Infcription ;

Knute, being (God knows when) diftrefs'd for

fome time in thefe wafts, was reliev'd, by
feeding upon thefe dainties. I know not whe- DEO
ther it will countenance the ftory, to obferve, MARTI, ET
that this King's name is in our ancient Re- VICTORIA
See Selden's cords | fometimes written Knout.
's-
But this ber- DD. AVGG.
Titlesof Ho r y is not the only edible that bears his name
nour. p.501.
t0 this day: for in this County, it is faid that
ET CC— NN
ij-ltop.uai thc y
haVe a Bird ° f a Iurcious tafle ' " which ( in
remembrance of King Cnute) they call Knot-
'

In the Wall ad joyning, there is another

bird. But to return.] This hill chiefly fa-
is
Stone with the portraiture of Cupid and ano-
mous for the great damage done to the lower
ther little Image and from the back-part of ;
grounds heretofore, by a terrible fall of water
it this Infcription was copy'd for me. After
which it fent down, and for being an infallible
a great deal of ftudy, being able to make no
prognoftick of rain, when the top of it is in a
fenfe of it, I have here fubjoyn'd it, that others
cloud. I the rather make mention ot thefe,
alfo may try their skill.
both becaufe they are the higheft hills in our
Englifh Appamine (and therefore it is commonly
faid,
Ingleborrov), Peudle, and Penigent,
Are the higheft hills between Scotland and 'Trent:)
SEOE-
 $

97$ LANCASHIRE. 91\

man pro/Irate, who defends himfelf with fome-
SEOESAM thing in the form of a fquare. Between the
ROLNASON horfe and the perfon prollrate, ftand the letters
D. M. Under the proftrate man, are * GAL.*Poffib]y, C.
OSALVEDN SARMATA. The other letters (for there were A}- for Cent*-
AL.Q.Q.SAR many more) are fo defaced, that they cannot" -^ /ie SaT '
BREVENM be read and I fhalJ not venture to guefs at
;
ma aru

BEDIANIS them. It fh:>uld feem, both from the Infcrip-

ANTO NI tion before, and this which many years agD
was found hard by, that a wing of the Sar-
VS MEG. VI.
mata had their ft at ion here
IC.DOM V :

ELITER. HIS. TERRIS. TEGITVR

AEL. MATRONA QV
For my part, I have no Conjecture to offer, VIX. AN. XXVIII. M. II. D. VIII.
bur that many or rhe words are rhe Bririfh ET M. IVLIVS MAXIMVS. FIL.
names of places hereabouts. In the year 1603.
VIX. AN. VI. M. III. D. XX. ET CAM^jf^ 6
when I came a Itcond time ro fee this place,
I met with an Altar, the largeft and the taireil
PANIA. DVBBA.
VIX. AN L.
w.MATER
IVLIVS MAXIMViS
S«
bari '
that I ever faw, with this Inscription ;

— — ALAE. SAR CONIVX

CONIVGI. INCOMPARABILI
In the houfe
of Tfom&s DEIS MATRIBVS ET. FILIO.
SIMO. ET SOCERAE. TENA
PATRI PIENTIS
Kbiies.
Ann. 1607. M. INGE N VI- CISSIMAE. MEMORIAE. P.
VS ASIATICVS [Another Altar hath been alfo found, with
this Infcription,
•Perhaps,
curio Alse A-
* D E C. AL. AST. DEO MARTI ET
VICTORIA DEC.
VQtum) libent ASIATIC. AL. SARMAT.
lubens merito.
SS. LL. M. IT. CC NN.
f Juno is Di- Upon enquiry who \ thefe Dae Matres are,
* This (faith Dr. Leigh) feems
anat Leigh. I can find nothing (for among all the Infcrip- to be an Altar p ag _ g,
tions in the world, except in one other found here
1
dedicated to Mars and Victory, the Genii of
in Britain, there is not the leaft mention of '
the place, by one of the Decuriones by birth
them,) but only that Enguium, a town in little
c
an Afiatick, commanding in a wing of the
Dex Matres. Sicily, was famous for the prefence of the Mo- '
Sarmam; and the fix laif Letters may be Im-
Vtd. Bifhop. of^j.
Q Q ddeJfes, where fome fpears and brafs-hel- 8
peratori Triumphanti Cajari Coccio Nerva from ;

Plut. in "m
mets were fhown, which had been confecratcd ' whom this place was by Antoninus called
c
Mar'eelit.
'
to thofe Goddeffes by Metio and Ulyjfes. Coccium.
I faw alfo another little Altar caff out among There w as, alfo, one eminent piece of An-p a g,
* r

9.
the rubbifh, with this Infcription ;
* tiquity dug-up here, viz.. a large Stone, now
i
a corner-itone in Salisbury-hall, which (as hath
* been faid) did anciently belong to the 7ah
PACIFE ' on one fide, is Apollo with his quiver
hots ;

RO MARTI * on his fhoulder, leaning on his pletlrutn or

ELEGAVR c
harp, with a loofe mantle or vdamen, and on
BA POS ' the other fide, two of his Priefts in the fame
VIT EX VO c
habit, with an Oxe's head in their hands,
TO. ' facrificing to him ; alfo, the heads of various
(
Animals, lying prollrate at his feet.'
This it feems to have been
fmall, that
is fo

the portable Altar of fome poor man, only for

Likewife, at a Fortification called Anchor-
ee Lt
hill, and at other places in and about this an- p. 6 7.
^ '

t
the offering of incenfe, or fait flour ; whereas cient Station, have been found Roman Coins,
that other of a much greater fize, muft have Platters, Tyles, and Bricks, with an ancient
been us'd in the facrificing of larger beafls. Pavement of Bricks, and a Pillar about feven-
The Heathen Th e fc things were certainly done by after-ages, teen inches diameter but the Infcription not
;
Altar J. Gen.
in imitation of Noah, even when they had re- legible. All which demonftrate it to have been
volted from the worfhip of the true God. Nor a place of great note and confideration in the
was it to the Gods only that they rais'd thefe Roman Times.]
Altars, but, out of a fervile flattery, to their None of thefe afford any fclearl light, where-
-

Emperours likewife, under the impious title of by to difcover the ancient name ofthe place,
NVMINI MAJESTATIQVE EORVM. rorwhich we are utterly at a lofs ; except it
At thefe, they on their knees, and wor-
fell has changed the name ; a thing, not at all un-
fhip'd ; and pray'd to; be-
thefe they embrae'd ufual for Ptvlemy places Rigodunum hereabouts;
:

fore thefe they took their Oaths and to be
fhort, in thefe and their
Sacrifices, the whole
of their Religion conliflcd. So that thofe among
them who had no Altar, were fuppos'd to have
no Religion, and to acknowledge no Deity.
Here was alfo lately dug-up, a Stone with
the Portraifture of a naked man on horfeback,
without laddie or bridle, brandifhing his fpear
with both hands, and infulting over a naked
; and if we may fuppofe that to be a corruption
of Ribodunwii, it is not altogether unlike A^-Ribodunutn,
chefter ; F(unlefs Rixton or Rifhton in this neigh-
bourhood may rather be fuppofed to have fome
Remains of Rigodunum, the common Reading:) n
and at the fame diftance from Mancunium or
Manchefter, viz., eighteen miles, Antoninus
fixes Coccium, which is alfo read Gvccium inCoctmm,
fome copies.
When
P75 BRIG ANT ES. 976
When this City came to its fatal Period, and Ranulph de Mefckines. It lies expos'd to the
was deftroy'd cither by wars, or (as the com- winds, between the mouth of the Cockar and
mon people believe) by an earthquake; Some- the Lane, commonly call'd the Lone ; with a large
what lower where the tide Bows up the Ri- proipect into the Irifh Sea.
beS, and is call'd by the Geographer BeSifama The Lone,commonly call'd Lime, which hasLune, riy.
Pemvortb, JEftuarium, near Penworth (where was a cattle its rife among the mountains of Weftmoreland,
ot
n5%lfe m the Conqueror's time, as appears by the re- runs Southward within uneaven banks, and in a

wrdantT' cov<^ s oi trmt

~
^inS
tnere *P rang ouE ot" tne crooked chanel, by which the Current is much
:
-)

Prcilon! ruins of Riblechefter, Prefion, a large Town, hinder'd. To the great gain of the neighbour-
handfom and populous for thefe parts; and fo ing Inhabitants, it affords (lore of Salmon in Salmon,
call'd from the Religious, for the name in Eng- the Summer-feafon ; for this fort of Fifh, ta-
lifli Signifies Prieft' s-town. Below it, the Ribell king great delight in clear water and particu-
is joyn'd by the Derwen, a little river, which larly in fandy fords, come up in great fhoals

Black-bumc. runs firfl; Market-town ; fo into this and the other rivers on the fame coaft.
by Black-bume a
call'd the blacknefs of the water. It be- As foon as the Lone enters Lancafhire, the Lac,
from
long'd formerly to the Lacies, and has given a little river, joyns it from the eaft. In thisOver-burrow.
the name of Blackbiirnefhire to a (mall neigh- place, ftands Overburrow, a fmall country-village;
Haughton- bouring Tract. From hence it runs by Haugh- but that it was formerly a great City upon a large
Towei
ton-Tower, which gave name to an eminent £a- plotot ground between the Zffc and the Lone, and
"iticwin.
niily that has long dwelt there; and by Wale- being belieg'd, was fore'd to Surrender by famine;
ton, which William Lord of Lancafter, King is what the Inhabitants told me, who have it
Stephen's fon, gave to Walter de Wakton : after- by tradition from their Anceitors. And cer-
wards, it belong'd to the famous family of the tain it is, that the place makes proof of its own
Langtons, who are defcended from the Waltons. Antiquity, by many ancient Monuments, In-
But to return. fcriptions, chequer'd Pavements, and Roman
Prefion, juft now mentioned, is common- Coins ; as alfo by this modern name, which
AndernefTe. ly call'd Prefion in Anderneffe, inftead of Acmunr fignifies a Burrow. If it ever recover its ancient
dcfiiejfe
; for fo the Saxons called this part of name, it muft owe it to others, and not to me ;
the Country, becaufe, between the rivers Ri- though I have fought it with al! the diligence
bell and Cocar, it hangs out for a long way in- imaginable. And indeed, we are not to reckon,
to the Sea like a Noje v it was alio afterwards that the particular name of every place in Bri-
call'd Agmender-nes. In William the Conque- tain is Set down in Ptolemy, Antoninus, or tbeiVo-

ror's time, there were in it only fixteen villages, titia, or menrion'd in Claffick Authors. If I
inhabited, the reft lay waft ; as we find in Domef- may have the liberty ot a conjecture, I mult con-
day: and it was pojfefs'd by Roger of Poicliers. fefs Ifhould take it to be Bremetonacum (which Bremetona-
Afterwards, it belong'd to Theobald Walter was a diftinct place from Brementuracum , as jfe-aun,
(from whom the Butlers of Ireland are defcen- rom Surita a Spaniard has well obferv'd, in his
ded ; ) for fo we read in a Charter of Richard notes on Antoninus) upon account of its di-
the firfl Know ye, that we have given, and by
:
ftance from Coccium or Riblechefter.

this prefent Theobald Wal-

Charter confirm 'd, to From runs by
this Burrough, the river Lone
ter, for Ms homage and Agmonderncs,
fervice, all Tburland-Tunfialls, a Henry theThtirland-
tort built in
•with the appurtenances thereunto belonging, &c. This fourth's time by Sir Thomas T'unftall Knight ;Tunftak.
Soi> bears oats pretty plentifully, but is not fo the King having granted him leave to fortifie
good for barley it is excellent pafture, efpe-
; and kernel his man/ion, that is, to embattel it ;what it is to
cially towards the Sea, where it is partly cham- and then by Hornby, a noble Cattle, which glo- kernel.
pain ; whence a great parcel of it is call'd the ries in its tounder N. de Mom Begon, and in its Hornby-ca-
e*
The File, pfe as one would guefs, for the Field.
• Yet Lords the Harringtons, and the Stanleys Barons

in the records of the Tower, it is expreSs'd of Mont-Eagle, delcunded from Thomas Stanley Barons Mont-
by the latin word Lima, which Signifies a File, the firit Earl ot Derby. William Stanley, theeagle.
the Smith's Inftrumcnt, wherewith Iron and third and laft of rhefe, left Elizabeth his only
other things are polifh'd. In other places it is daughcer and heir, who was marry 'd to Ed-
fenny, and therefore counted unhealthful. The ward Parker, Lord Morley, and was mother of
Wyr, river,
Wyr, a little river, f touches here ; which co- William Parker, who was reitor'd by King James
+ «»««. from Wierdale, a folitary and difmal place
;
Tthe tirlYl to the honour of his anceftors, the
PC Barony of Mont-Eagle, and muft be acknow-
WiSe. runs with a fwift ftream by GVa^A-caftle,
Grenhaugh- built by T'homas Stanley, the firfl: Earl of Derby ledged, by us and wur pofterity for ever, to have
caftlc. f that family ; while he was under appreii been a wonderful Blefling to thefe Kingdoms :
lion of danger from certain of the Nobility ot for, by an obfeure Letter privately Sent to him,

County, who had been outlaw'd, and whofe

this and produced by him in the very nick ot time,
had been given him by Henry the fe-
eftates the moft horrid and deteftable TreaSon that Gun-powder-
venth for they made feveral attempts upon
:
Hell it Self could project, was difcover'd and Plot,
him, and many Inroads into his grounds till prevented, when the Kingdom was upon the ;

at laft thefe feuds were extinguiih'd, by the very brink of ruin while a wicked Genera- ;

temper and prudence of that excellent per- tion, under the execrable mafque of Religion,
fon. flood ready to blow up their King and Coun-
many places along this coaft, there are try in a moment, with a great quantity of
A new way of III
making Salt heaps of Sand, upon which they pour water Gun-powder, Iodg'd under the Parliament-houSe
;

of which fee
£rom t j me t0 x\me, till they grow brackifh ; for that purpoSe.
r
"
""^
aIU* tnen > yilt^i a turl: re » tne y DO 'l tnem " lto a The Lone, after it has got Some miles fur-
Ar b^n*
r
W^
Quick-fands.
p'20Q'White fait. Here are alfo Quick-fands, very dan-
gerous to thofe travellers, who when the tide is
ther, fees Lancafter
Town
on it's fouth-bank ; the chief
of the County, which the Inhabitants
out take the fhorteft cut ; and who had need call more truly LoncaBer, and the Scots £0«ra-T_,ancafler.
be very careful, left (as Sidonius exprefles it) fiell, from the river Lon. Both the prefent
they be fljipwrack'd at land. Especially, near the name, and that of the river, teem to mark it
mouth of the Cockar ; where, ina field of quick- out for the old Longovjcum ; where, under the
Syrticus A-fands, f
ftands Cedar and- Abbey, formerly a fmall Lieutenant of Britain (as the Notitia informs
gen Monaftery for Cluniack Monks, founded by us) a Company of the Longovici, who took that
name
977 LANCASHIRE.
pay a rent called Bloom-Smithy-Rent : ) In
name from the place, were in garrifon. Thougl hill B]oom-Smi-
* So (Hd, * at prefent the Town
is not populous nd the fame manner, Foulney hath its name from thy-R.ent.
FquIk/.
the great (tore of Fowl ufually there.!
the Inhabitants thereof are all husbandmen
ann, 1607. (h
hot now, t
the grounds about it are well cultivated,
open, The whole tract, except by the Sea-fide, is
thriving
Town and and frcfh, and without any want of
wood : ) .11 high mountains and great rocks (they call
Port. in yet,of its Roman Antiquity, they hem Fornefs-jelli, ) among which the Britains
proof Forpefs-FjIIs,
liv'd fecurely tor a long time, relying upon thefe
fbmetimes meet with Coins of the Emperors,
where the Fryers had their cloyfter : fortifications wherewith Nature had guarded
cfpecially
an them but nothing prov'd impregnable to the
For there (as they report) was the Area of ;

in a hid- Saxon Conqueror. For, that the Britains lived

ancient City ; which the Scots (who,
every here in the 228th year after rhe coming ot the
den inroad in the year 13 12, dcftroy'd
Saxons, is plain from hence, that at that time
thing they met with) burnt to the ground.
Egtrid King ot the Northumbrians gave to St.
From that time, they began to build nearer a
Cuthbert the land called Carthmeil, and all rhe
green hill, by the river ; upon which hands
a Carthmeil.
and Britains in tor io it is related in his lite.
Cahle, not very great nor ancient, but lair
it ;

ftrong ; and on the very top

of the hill, a NowCarthmeil, every one knows, was part of
was County, near Kentjand; Mid a little Town
Church, the only one in the town, where
this

of Monks-Aliens. Below this, in keeps the name to this day, wherein Wil-
it
heretofore a Cell
on the liam Marefchal the elder, Earl of Pembroke,
near a very fine bridge over the Lone,
there hangs a piece ot built and endowed a Priory. It, in Ptolemy,
fteepeft part of the hill,
one might read Setantiontm Mttr (a lake) as Setantiontm
very ancient wall which is Roman :
they call l,
a
IVery-wall,probably from the later Britifh fome books have it, and not Setantiontm ai^fw, Lotus.
it
(a haven ; ) I would venture to affirm, that
name of the town, who call'd it Our IVerid,
Britains in thefe parts were the Setantii ;
that a green City, in all likclyhood from the the
is,
of for among thofe Mountains lies the greateff
green hill ; but I leave the further difcovcry
Lclgb, p. 1 1.
this to others. (Lately, in digging of a Cellar, lake in England, now call'd IVinandcr-mere, in Winander-
Saxon Pinpaopemep, perhaps from its winding mcre -
were found feveral Roman Dijci, and Symfu-
Sacrifice, with the figures Banks ; about ten mites in length ; the bottom
ria, or Cups ufed in
Julius pav'd, as it were, with one continued rock
of various Creatures on the fides, and
;

Flavius in letters. On the bottom of one ot W'ondertul deep in fome places (as the neigh-
bouring Inhabitants tell you,) and well ftored
them, appeared very legibly thefe Letters Re-
lbid. ,ina I. which (faith Dr. Leigh ) we
may ealily with a fort of Fifli (commonly faid ro be'l bred
Sacrifice to Juno, as (he no where elfe, which rjiey call Chare. (But this Chare, a BH,
interpret a dijcus ufed in
is a fort of golden Alpine Trout, and to be
was If iled Regina CasliA
John Lord of Moriton and Lancafter,
who had in other of the Northern Lakes, as Ulles-
Butler-meer, Sec. as well as here. They
was afterwards King of England, confirm i by water,
all the liber- have alfo the fame fifli in fome parts of North-
Charter, to Us Blirgeffes of Lancafter,
ties which he had granted to
the Burgeffesof Briftow. Wales, where it is called Tor-goch or Red-bellyl\
Lake hands a little Village of the Hillory of
Edward the third, in the 3<i year of his reign, Upon this
th
al T0S '
fame name, where in the year 792. Eathred,
granted to the Mayor and Bailiffs of the village 0)
no King of rhe Northumbrians, f is faid to have f Slew, C.
Lancafter, that Pleas and Seffions jhould be held
where elfe, but there. The latitude of this place, flain the fonsot King Eljiuold, after he had ta-
(not to omit it) is 54 degrees 5
minutes, and ken them from York ; that, by his own wick-
ednefs and their blood, he might fecure him-
the longitude 20 degrees, 4 S minutes.
Kingdom (But as ro the truth of
From the top of this hill, while I look d felf in the
:

round to fee the mouth of the Lone (which this Story,

it is the lefs probable, becauie this

Fornefs. empties it (etc not much lower,) I faw Fornefs Eathred

was himfelf King Elfwold's Son/1
weft, Between this Lake and the river Dudden, is
the other part of the County, to the
from this part by the the Promonrory which we commonly call For-
which is almolt fever'd
whereas the fhore lay out a great way nefs with ;the Kland IValney like a Counter-
Sea for :

enrag d fcarp before ir, for a long way together ; and a

weftward into the Ocean, the Sea (as if
at it) ceas'd not to flaih and
mangle it. Nay, it fmall arm of the Sea between. The Entrance
at fome boi- is defended by a Fort call'd 'The Pile of Foul- The Pile of
has fwallow'd the fhore quite up,
fterous tide or other ; and
thereby has made drey, fltuate upon a rock in rhe middle of the Fouldrey,
three large bays, namely, Kentfand
(which re- Water, and built by the Abbot of Fornefs in
Ken.ftnd.
Levenf.nd. ceives the river Ken,) Levtnfand,
and Dudden- the firft year of King Edward the third; fbut
very dangerous to now quite ruinated.]
Duddenfand. }„£. TThefe three Sands are

Travellers, both by reafon of the

uncertainty Upon the Promontory there is nothing to be
of the Tides ( which are quicker
and flower, feen, but the ruins of Fornefs- Abbey, which Ste- Lib. farm*
lefs from phen Earl of Bullen, afterwards King of Eng- f'"f.
according as the winds blow more or
the Iriffi-fea ; ) and alfo of the
many quick- land, builr in the year 1127. in a place for-
fands, which are caus'd principally by much merly call'd Bekenfgill ; or rather trunjlated it,
rainy weather. Upon this account, there is a from Tulket in Andernefs. Out of the Monks
Sand, of this place, and no other (as rhemfelves re-
guide on horfe-back appointed to each
perfons who fhall have late) the Bifhops of the Iile of Man, which lies
for the direction of fuch
the three his over-againft it, were wonr, by ancient cuftom,
occafion to pais over ; and each of
him out of his Majefty s to be chofen this being the mother of feveral
a yearly Salary paid :

revenue.! Between thefe, the land fhoots fo Monafteries both in that Illand and in Ireland.
this More to the Eaft, ftands Aldingham, the ancient Aldingham.
much like a Promontory into the Sea, that
parr of the County takes its
name from it ; (for eftate of the family ot the Harringtons, to whom Harringtons,
the fame with us, it came from the Flemings by the Cancejelds ;
Fornefs and Foreland fignifie
Fore-pro- and whofe inheritance went by a daughter to
which Promontorium menus, that is, a
montory, does in Latin )
iunlefs we fhould ra- IViUiam Bonvill of Devopfhire, and by him at
;

Irom the Furnaces laft to the Greys Marquilies of Dorfer. f With-

ther chufe to derive the name
there, which in old time
were numerous, as in the Manour ot Aldingham is GUflon-Qaflle, GJeiton.caflls,
paid for them do te- which has been very large and firm ; having four
the Rents and Services
ftrong Towers of a great height, betides many
ftifie (For many Tenants in this County do
:

6 H other
 : :

979 B RIG ANT ES. 980

ocher buildings with very thick walls. To 00- chard le Fleming of Caernarvon-C.iitle, and has
ferve It here once tor all; many perfons ot qua- been ever iince enjoy 'd by his heir-males ; Sir
cowards Scotland, had cither Ca- William Fleming ot Rydal-hall in the Ccunty of
lity , efpecially
files or Towers to dwell in, to defend them- Weftmorland Knight, being the prefent owner.
and their Tenants from the inroads ot
felves This Manour of Rydal came to them by Sir
the Scots. Anciently, they had their houfes Thomas le Fleming's marrying Ijabel, one ot the
kernell'd, fortify 'd, or embattel'd ; and divers daughters and coheirs of Sir John de Lancafter
CommilTions have been awarded (in pursuance ot Rydal and of Holgil-caftle in the fame Coun-
+ i& 2 Phil. ot an Act of Parliament made in the \ reign y, Knight. The Chapel here was made Pa-
& Mar. c. 1 ot" Philip and Mary) unto certain perfons, to rochial, among divers others in this Country,
enquire how many and which Caftles, FortrefleS, by Edwin Sandys, Archbifhop of York. By
&c. have been decay'd, which were fit to be re- the Sand-fide Wrayfholme-tower, near which Wrays-
is
edity'd, and how many new ones necelfary to wasnot long iince difcover'd a Medicinal Spring holme-tower,
be ereefed. This of Glefton is featcd in a fer- of a brackifh tafle. The Water is now drunk
tile vale amongif. rich meadows, and fhelter'd by many, every Summer being efteem'd a ve-
;

from the Sea by fruitful hills all which ren-

; ry good remedy for Worms, Stone, Gout, Itch,
der it one of the molt pleafant Seats in this and feveral other Diftempers.]
Country. 1
Somewhat higher,
upon this account,
lies

that Edward the third be As for thofe of the Nobility, who have born Lords of
memorable the title of Lancafter ; there were three in the r cs
Ulverfton,
/^
egmrung or the Norman Government, who ca ^ er
gave a moiety ot it to John Coupland, one of had the title of Lords of the Honour of Lancafter
the moil warlike men of that age ; whom he
1
rt
Lords or Lan-
*. i 1
'
-
,
Gy

r of Poiciou, fon ot Roger Montgomery, lir-

alio advanced to the honour of a Banneret, for nam'd Piclavenfis (as William of Malmesbury
taking David the fecond, King of Scots, pri- fays,) becaufe he had marry 'd a wife out of
fouer, in the battel of Durham. After his Poiciou in France. But he being depriv'd ot
death, the faid King gave it, with other great that honour for his diiloyalty, King Stephen
eftates in tfaefe parts, and with the title of Earl conter'd it upon his own fon William, Earl of
of Bedford, to Ingelram Lord Coucy a French- Moviton and Warrm. Upon whofe death, Ri-
man ; he having marry 'd his daughter Ijabella, chard the firft beftow'd it on John his brother,
and his Anceftors having been poilefs'd ot great who was afterwards King of England. For
Revenues in England, in right of Chriftima ie thus we find it in an ancient Hiitory /£/>/£ Gualcer de ;

Lindfey. Tin this corner, round Ulverfton, lie Richard fhew'd great afetlionto hi i brotherJohn. For, Hemingford.
the following Places, which defcrve our notice beftdes Ireland and the Earldom of Mjriton in Nor- R Hovcdcn, *

Kirkby-Ire- ?' 5 '?'

Kirkbylrekthj the Manour-houfe whereof (Kirk- mandy, he made juch mighty additions in England,
'

leth.
Kirkby- by-Crofs-houfe, fo call'd from a Grafs plac'd before that he was a kind of Tetrarch there. He gave
Crofs-houfe. the gates, the top of which was broken off, as him Cornwal, Lancafter, Nottingham, and Derby,
is faid, by Archbifhop Sandy's order ) is a with the adjacent Country, and many others. A
{lately Seat, giving name to the Kirkbys, the good while alter, King Henry the third, fon of
Lords of it from the time of the Conqueft. King John, did firft advance Edmund Cmtch-
B rough ton .Broughton, formerly the chief feat of a family of bach his younger fon ( to whom he had given
1

that name, till in the reign of Henry the fe- the effates and honours of Simon Montfort Earl
venth, it was forfeited for Treafon by Sir Tho- of Leicefter, Robert Ferrars Earl of Derby, and
mas Broughton Knight, who then took part with John of Monmouth, for their rebelling againft
the counterfeit Plantagenet that landed in Four- him,) to the Earldom ot Lancafter.- giving, in EarlofLan*
nefs. And here it may not be improper to thefe words, The Honour, Earldom, Caftle, and
c er ' ^
Vaccants '
obferve a miffake in the Hiftory of that King's Town of Lancafter, with the f Cow-paflures and^
reign, where it is affirm 'd that Sir Thomas Forcfts of Wirefdale, Lownj-dale, Newcaftle under
Broughton was flain at Stokefield ; whereas, in Lime, and the Manour, Foreft, and Caftle of Pic-
truth he efcap'd from that battel, to M-'itloftack, kering, the Manour of Scaleby, the Village of
a Manour then belonging to him in the Coun- Gomeceftre, and the Rents of the Town of Hun-
ty of Weftmorland. Here he liv'd incognito a tendon, &c. after he had loft the Kingdom of
good while among his Tenants ; here alfo he Sicily, with which the Pope, by a ring, inverted
dy'd and was bury'd ; and his grave is know n, him in vain ; and (which madcthe Englifh the
;

Cotiifale. and is to be feen, at this day. Coniftde, anci- Scoff and Laughter of the World) had caus'd
ently call'd Conyngtfoeved ; heretofore an Hofpi- pieces of gold to be cofn'd with this Infcription,
tal,or Priory, rounded by William de Lancafter, AIMVNDVS REX 3ICILI.E;
Baron of Kendal, and formerly the pofleifion ot having firft chous'd the credulous King of great
the Sandys. It is faid, that Edward Sandys fums of money upon that account. The faid
Archbifhop of York, was born here. Swart- Edmund (his firft wife dying without i flue, who
moor, fo call'd from Martin Swart ( who came was the daughter and heir or-the Earl of Albe-
in with the counterfeit Plantagenet at the Pile marle; yet by her kit Will made him her heir)
of Fouldrey, in King Henry the feventh's time.) had by his fecond wife Llanch of Artois of the
Here it was alfo, that Anno 1652. George Fox, * Royal Family of France, Tmmas and Henry ; * r>omo Fran-
and fome of his Fellow -Quakers, firil fhew'd and John who dy'd very young. Thomas was theewtf.
Plumpton. themfelves in this Country.
,
Plumpton, where fecond Earl of Lancefter, who married Alice
were formerly Mines and a Forge ; from whence, the only daughter and heir of Henry Lacy Earl
Coningftoa a pretty way to the North, is Coningflon, a of Lincoln : fhe convey 'd this and her mother's
Manour plac'd between Coningjlon-Fells (very eftate, who was of the family of the Long Efpee's
high Mountains, wherein are many Mines of Earls of Salisbury (as her tather Henry Lacy had
Copper, Lead, &c.) and Coningfton-water, a Lake alio done with his own Lands, in cafe Alice
five miles long, and near a mile broad. The fhould die without iffue, as it afterwards hap-
Town is fometimes call'd Fleming-Coningfton (to pened,) to the family ot Lancafler. But this
difh'ngm'fh it from another lying on the con- Thomas, for his Infolence towards Edward the
trary fide of the Lake, nam'd Monk Coningflon, fecond, and for embroiling the State, being
as formerly belonging to the Abbey of Four- taken prifoner, was beheaded, and left no iifue.
nefs.) For in the reign of Henry the third, it However, the Sentence, in virtue of which he
^ame by marriage from the Urfwich to Sir Ri- was executed, was afterwards revers'd by Act
of
 d

ll LANCASHIRE. 9S2
of.Parliament, became he was not try'd by his Dutchy of Lancajler, as all and,
fingular Counties,
Peers; and fo his brother Henry fucceeded him Honours, Caftles, Mamurs, Fees,
Advowfms, Pof-
in his eilatc and honours. He was alio en jeffions, Annuities, and Seignio; ies whatfoever, which
rich'd by bis wife Maud, daughter and fole heir defcended to us before we were rais'd to the Royal
or Patrick Chaw crth ; and that not only with Dignity, how or in what place foever, by right
of
her own, but alio with great eftates in Wales. inheritance, * in the hands of our 'Tenants, or in re-* I" domima
namely, of Maurice or London, and of Siward, verfiwn, or by any other way; do remain to its and Sirvhio -

Dukes of
from whom fhe was defcended, He dying, left our jaid fairs, as fpecificd in the Charters
abovefaid,
Lancaller. one only fon Henry, whom Edward the third after the
jaid manner and form, jor ever. After-
advane'd from the title of Earl to that ot wards, Henry the fifth by Act of Parliament
Duke; and he was the fecond ot our Nobility annexed a very great eftate to this Dutchy,
who bore the title of Duke. But he dy'd with- which had come to him in right of his mother,
out iflue-male, leaving two daughters Mawd and who was the daughter and coheir of Humphry
Blanch, between whom the Eftate was divided. Bohun, Earl of Hereford. And in this ftate
Mawd was married to William ct Bavaria. and condition it remained from that time; fa-
Earl of Holland, Zeland, Frifeland, Hanault, ring that Edward the fourth, in the firft year
and of Leicefter too in right of his wile. But of his reign, when he had attainted Henry the
fhe dying without illue, John of Gaunt (io call'd fixth in Parliament for High Treafon, annex d
becaufe he was bom at Gaunt in Flanders) it to the Crown ; that is, to him and his heirs
fourth fon of Edward the third, came to the Kings of England. However, Henry the fe-
whole Eftate, by marriage with Blanch the other venth prefently broke this Entail; and fo at + Ann. 1607.-
f
daughter of Henry. And now being equal to this day it has its particular Officers, namely,
many Kings in wealth, and created Duke of a Chancellor, Attorney, Receiver, Clerk of the Court,
Lancaller by his father, he alfo obtain'd the fix Affeffors, a Mcjjenger, two Auditors, three and
Royalties of him ; the King advancing thi twenty Receivers, and three Supervifors.

+ Refcriptiem. County of Lancaller into a Palatinate by | a

Patent ; wherein he declares the great fervice There are reckon d in this County ( befides feveral
that he had done to his Country, both at home
and abroad, and then adds, We have granted for
Chapels) |6o Panfoes ; but th ofe very large, Oily 36, W+
fuch as, jor numbers of Parifh,'oners , ao jar exceed C '
us and our heirs to our fon aforejaid, that he, during
the greatejl Pariflm any where elfe.
the term of life, JIj all have, -within the County oj Law
cafter, his Chancery, and his Writs to be ijfued under
his own Seal belonging to the Office of Chancellor ; his

fufiices likewife, as well for Pleas of the Crown, as More rare Plants growing wild in Lancashire.
jor other Pleas relating to Common Law i to have
cognifance oj them, and to have power of making all
Afphodelus Lancaftria: verus
Ger. emac. defer
Executions whatfoever by his Writs and Officers. And Pleudo-afphodelus
paluftris AnglicusC. B.
to have all other Liberties and Royalties oj what kind Lan-
cajhire Ajphodel,
or Baftard-Engliflj-Afphodel.
foever appertaining
to a County Palatine, as jreely This
being a Plant commonly growing in
and Earl of Cheflcr within the faid boggy
as fully as the moffes or rotten
grounds in many Counties of England,
County is known
have, &c. Nor was he only have mentioned here,
to
I need not
but that our Englifb
Duke but alfo, by marriage with have
of Lancaller ;
been plcajed to denominate it
Berharifis
Conjlantia, daughter of Peter King of Cailili
from this County,
as if it were peculiar to it. Lobel faith, they call it
tohn of nat^ f° r f°rn e time the title of King of Leon and
Maiden-hair, becaufe the Women
But by agreement, he parted with this wont to fare-about wen
Gaunt, K.Caflile.
colour their hair with the flower
ofCalUle. xizlc, and in the thirteenth of King Richard the of it.
Eifolium minimum. The leaf Tway-blade
fecond, was created by confent of Parliament
Obferved upon Pendle-hill among the Heath.
Duke of Aquitain, to the great di Satisfaction of Synonymes See the
in Torkfbire.
that Country. At that time, his titles were, Cerafus Sylveftris fruftu minimo cordiformi
John, fon to the King of England, Duke oj Aqui-
P. B. Wild Heart-cherry-tree, commonly call'd
the
and Lancajler, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Merry-tree.
tain
About Bury and Manchefler.
Leicefler, and high Steward of England. See
Weftmorland.
Alter John, Henry de Bulliugbroke his fon
'

Cochlearia marina folio angulofo

fucceeded in the Dutchy of Lancaller ; w ho parvo
:

D. Lawfon. Small Sea Scurvy-grafs with a corner'

having depofed Richard the fecond, and ob-
leaf. In the Ifle of Walney. I take this to be the
tain'd the Crown, confer 'd this honour upon
fame with the Cochlearia romndftolia minor no-
K.Henry the Henry his fon, afterwards King of England, itras
fourth.
& Park, and the Thlafpi hederaceum Lob.
Arid" that he might entail it upon him and his
Conyza helenitis foliis laciniatis.
heirs lor ever, he had an Acl of Parliament Fleabane-Mullct, Jawed
or Marjh-Fleabane. In the ditches
made in thefe words : We being unwilling, that about PiUinmofs
plentifully.
our fatd Inheritance, or its Liberties, by reafon of our Crithmum fpinofum Ger. maritimum fpino-
taking upon us the Royal /late and dignity, fhould be iurnC. B. maruimum fpinofum, feu Pallinaca
any way chang'd, transfer/ d, dimmifh'd, or im- manna Park. Pailinaca marina,
pair d do declare, that our faid inheritance, with
quibufdam
;
becacul & Crithmum fpinofum
its rights and liberties aforefaid, in the fame manner Sampire J. B p r ickh
or Sea-Parfnep. Obferved by Mr. Lawfon
and form, condition and ftate, wherein they defended at Roosbeck
in Low-Fournejs.
and came to us, and alfo with all and fingular li- Echium marinum P. B. Bugloffum duke
berties, franchifes and other privileges, commodities, ex
liuhs
LanCaftrrs Park.
and Sea-Bughfs. Over-
profits whatfoever, with which our Lord and
agamft Bigger in the Ifle of Walney plentifully.
Father in his life-time had and held it for term of
Eruca Moneniis Jaciniata lutea Cat.
lifeby the grant of the /ate King Richard ; jhall be Aug An
Eruca Sylveftris minor iutea Burfe
wholly and fully paftons fo-
preferv'd, continu'd, and enjoy 'd, lio C. B. Small jagged yellow Rocket of the
by us and our heirs, Ifle of
asfpecified in the j aid Charters : Man. Between Marfb- Grange and the
And by the tenor of thefe prefents, we upon our
If- ofWahei
do, Geranium nematodes Lartcaftr< nie, flore ele-
certain knowledge, and with the confent of this our ganter ftriato. Bloody Cranes-bill with a
Parliament, grant, declare, variegated
prefent decree and or- flower, the h Ifle of Walney in a Sandy-foil near
dain, for m and our heirs, that as well our the fiea-jbore. '

[uncus
 ;

2»1 BRIG ANT ES. 9H

have found but not in the place
Juncus Alpinus cum cauda leporina y. B. himfelf to -wild,

Hares-tail-Rujb, Mofs-crops, upon the Atojfes, of mentioned.

which there are plenty in this County. Tormentilla quadrifolia radice rotunda. Mer-
Rofmarinum purpureum. Purple-Goats-beard. ret.Pin. Near Wigan in Lancaftjire.
On the banks of the river Chalder, near the Lady Sambucus foliis laciniatis. Elder with jagged
Hesketh's boufi,two milks from Wbalky3 P- B. leaves. In a hedge near Minchejler. I fuj'peti that
This, Mr. Fhz.-Roberts, a skilful Herbarift, affirms this was no native, but induftrioufly or accidentally
planted there.

WEST MOREL AN D.
O the utmoft bounds of Lanca- had the name from lying weftward of that long
fliire on the North, joyns ano- ridge of hills, which is call'd the Enghft) Appen-
ther fmali tradt of the Brigantes, '-e.

call'd in Latin Weftmorlandia, The Gentlemens houfes in this County, are

built Caftle-
in Englifh Weftmoreland, and large and ftrong, and generally
by fome modern Writers Weft- wife, for defence of themfelves, their Tenants,
maria. On the Weft and and their goods, whenever the Scots fhould
North, it is bounded by Cumberland; and on make their inroads; which before the time of
the Eaft, by Yorkfhire and the Biftioprick of King James the firft were very
common.
* This Durham. * From its (ituation among high It is divided into the Barony or Kendal, and
is a
miftake Mountains (for here our Appennim runs out the Barony of Weftmorland, as we have before
vide infra. broader and broader) and from its lying gene- hinted: And tliefe tvo parts belong to two
the lat-
rally uncultivated, it ffeemS to have! had this feveral Diocefes ; the former to Chefter,
name. For the North parts of England call ter to Carlifle. In each we find (with two
wild barren places, fuch as are not fit for til- Wards,) feveral Deaneries, Parifhes, and Gnftable-
lage, by the name of Mores; fo that Weftmore- wicks; but no Hundreds: poffibly, becaufe in an-
Sublidies, being
land implies an uncultivated tratl lying towards the cient times thefe parts paid no
Weft. Let then that idle ftory about King fufficiently charg'd in the Border-fervice againft
Marius (whom fome of our Hiftorians affirm the Scots.]
to have conquer'd the Pitts, and to have call'd The South part of the County (which for
this County after his own name) bebanifhed tor fome fpace is pent up in a narrow compafs be-
ever out of the School of Antiquities; f unlets, tween the river Lone and Wnander-mere)
is pret-

as to the Hiftory it felf, the truth of it may in ty fruitful in the Vallies, though not without
fome rr.eafure be retrieved, or ftand doubtful rocks, rough and fmooth and is called by one ;

at leaft, by what the learned Primate of Ar- general name, The Barony of Kendal
or Candalia, Barony of
Antiq. Eccl Kendal *
Brit. p. 302. magh has faid in favour of it. But before we (ignifying a Vale upon the Can. This it took
go further, it is to be obferved, that the fore- from the river Can, which runs along the valley
mentioned description of the County in general, in a ftony Chanel, and has upon its Weftern
anfwers but one part of it, viz.. from Lancafler, bank a very populous town, call'd Candale, or Carnhle.
through the Barony of Kendal, to Workington in Kirkby-Candale, i. e. a Church in the valley, upon
Cumberland, where Travellers meet with little Can; fwhich Dr. Gale will have to be the Bro-Yag. 39,
vonaca of Antoninus.! It has two Streets crof-
in their road, befidcs mountains, with here and
there a Valley between, and fo take an eftimate iing each other ; is very eminent for the woollen

of the whole from that part; imagining proba- manufacture, and for the induftry of the inha-
bly, that thatmore foutherly corner is like to be bitants, who trade throughout England with
as good at leaft, if not better, than the reft, theirwoollen cloath f And as early as Richard ,3 r.. 2. c.10.
:

fpe-9H. 4. c, 2.
But if they go directly northward, they will the fecond and Henry the fourth, we find
find reafon to change their opinion the Ba- ; cialLaws enafted on purpofe for the regulating
rony of Weftmorland ( commonly call'd the bot- of Kendal-Clothes. Queen Elizabeth, in the
tom of Weftmorland, from its low fituation) be- eighteenth year of her reign, erected it into a
ing a large open champain country, in length Corporation, by the name of Aldermen and
not lefs than twenty miles, and in breadth about Burgefles. But afterwards King James the
fourteen. And fo far is it from being unculti- incorporated it with a Mayor, twelve Al-
firft

vated, that it affords great plenty of arable dermen, and twenty four Burgeiles.l Their L or ds oF
grounds ; and thofe, good ftore of corn. Nor greateft honour is, that Barons, Earls, [and Kendal.
do Mores in the northern parts fignifie wild barren Dukesfl have taken their titles from the place.
mountains, but generally Common of Pafture, in The Barons were
of the family of Ivo Taleboys,
oppofition to Mountains or Fells. So that in of whofe pofterity, William, by confent or
the Barony of Kendal ( where they have raoft King Henry the fecond, call'd himfelf William
* niece and heir was marry 'd * Nepns.
Mountains) there are few or no Mores, their of Lancafter. His
°f
Commons being generally call'd Fells; and in the to Gilbert, fon of Roger Fitz,-Reinfrid, by whofe £*^"g e
bottom of Weftmorland there are few moun- daughters (upon the death of William his fon)
tains (except that ridge which bounds the the eftate
came to Peter Brus the fecond Lord
Country like a rampire or bulwark,) but very of Skelton of that C h rift ian- name, and to Wil-
many Mores which yet are fo far from being liam Liudfey,
:
from whom, on the mother's fide,

uncapable of improvement, that moft of them Ingelram Lord of Coucy in France deriv'd his pe-
have been formerly plow'd, as the ridges ap- digree as I underftood by the Hiftory of fjiftory of
;

pearing do allure us. If the whole Country Fournefs- Abbey. By the daughter of tlr's Peter Fameis-Ab-
therefore were to be derived from barren moun- Brus, lifter and heir to Peter Brus the third, the
bey.

tains; we might fay with more reafon, that it Barony defended to the Roffes of Werke; and
from
MM H
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
O
O
o
5>S$ WESTMORELAND-. 9S6
from them the honour was devolv'd by Inheri- dedicatcd to St. Paul. The Charity was fo
tance upon the Parrs, whofe Gaftle ovef-againft much the greater, becaufe of its remotenefs
the town, is ready tu dropdown with age. It from Betbam3 the Parifh-Churcb. Below this,
Earls of Ken- has had three Earls; John Duke of Bedford, at the mouth of the river, is Miltbrop, the only Milthrop.
who was advanc'd to that honour by his bro- Sea-town in this County and the Commodi-
;

ther King Henry the fifth John Duke of So-

; ties which are imported, are brought hither
merset and John de Fbix, defcended from the
; only in fmall Vetlels trom Grange in Lanca-
noble family or the Foix in France, whom King shire."!

Henry the fixth advanc'd to this Dignity, for And thus much of th* q— -i----
rT -
his faithful fervices in the Frpne* ««**

SI

uul- oniy to lignifie the Line of

6 I Com roil-
!

M
 S>8 5 WESTMORELAND. 986
irom theni the honour was devolVd by Inheri- dedicated to St. Paul. The Charity was fo
tance upon the Parrs, whofe Caftle ovef-againft much the greater, becaufe of its remotenefs
the town, is ready tu drop down with age. It from Betham, the Parifh-Church. Below this,
Earls of Ken- has had three Earls; John Duke of Bedford, at the mouth of the river, is Milthrop, the only Milthrop.
dal. who wasadvanc'd to that honour by his bro Sea-town in this County ; and the Commodi-
ther King Henry the fifth; John Duke of So- ties which are imported, are brought hither
merfet and John de Foix, defcended from the
; only in fmal! Vellels from Grange in Lanca-
noble family of the Foix in France, whom King shire.!
Henry the fixth advanc'd to this Dignity, for And thus much of the Southerly and more
his faithful fervices in the French wars. Upon narrow part of this County, which is bounded
which account, poffibly, it is, that fome of this on the Weft with the river Winfter, and the fpa-
family of Foix in France, have (till the iirname cious Lake we mentioned but now, call'd #7/'- Winander-
of Kendal. ["The tirft Duke of this place, was itander-mere
'

and on the eaft, with the river mere

;
*

Charles Stuart (third Son or James Duke ot Lone or Lnne \. [But it is to be obferved, + It goes be-
York, afterwards King James the fecond) who before we leave it, that this doth wholly take )0nd the ri "
7 "'
was declared Duke of Kendal in the year 1664. in the great Lake Winander-mere. For all the
Since which, his Royal Highnefs Prince George files (or Holmes, as they call them) that are iri
of Denmark, at the fame time that he was it, are own'd to be in the County of Weftmor-
created Duke of Cumberland, was alfo created land: all the Fifhing belongs to Apehhwate in
Earl of Kendal. And, lately, Melufina Eren- Winandermere-Pariih. in the faid County, and
gart Schulenberg, who had been before created all the Tithe-filh to the Re&or thereof ; who
Dutchefs ot Munfter in Ireland, hath been ho- has a Pleafure-boat upon the laid Lake, and a
nour'd with the title ot Dutchefs of Kendal; Prefcription of fo much a boar, in lieu of the
together with the titles of Baronefs of Glajfen- Tithe of all the Fifh that are taken in it. Nor
bnry, and Countefs of Fe uerfham?[ r
is it of any moment, that the Abbey of Four-
I know no other mark of Antiquity, that nefs had two boats upon it fince that was the ;

Kendal can boaft of. Once indeed I was ot ft of William de Lancafler Baron of Ken-
opinion that it was the old Roman ftation, dall
Concangii but time has intorm'd me better.
; At the upper corner of the Lake Winander-
Water- [Below Kendal, is Water-Crook (fo call'd from mere, lies the carcafs, if I may fo fay, of an
Crook, a remarkable crooking in the river,) where, on ancient City, with large ruins of walls and ;

the eaft-fide ot that river, is an old fquare fort, without the walls, the rubbilh of old Buil-
the banks and ditches whereof are ftill yillble. dings, in many places. The Fort has been of
That it was Roman, the difcovery of Coins, an oblong figure, fortify 'd with a ditch and
broken Altars, and other pieces of Antiquity, rampire ; in length, one hundred thirty two
will not give us leave to make the leaft doubt Ells, and in breadth, eighty.
:
That it was a
which feems to fome, to fix the Concangii rather work of the Romans ; the Britifh bricks, the
here, than inany other place ; becaufe in the mortar temper'd with fmall pieces of bricks,
Notitia as it were in the very the little Urns, the Glafs Vials, the Roman
it is plac'd
middle of the Northern Stations. For whereas Coins commonly met with, the round ftones
between York and Derwent, the Notitia fpcaks like Mill-ftones (of which, * foder'd together, * CoagmmH~
of fourteen Stations, the Concangii is the fe- they us'd formerly to make Pillars,) and the'"-
venth and the very next that come after pav'd ways leading to it, are all undeniable te-
;

it are Lavatra (Bowes,) Verier^ (Brough,) ftimonies. But the old name is quite loft ; un-
and Brovoniacum ( Browham ) the two laft lefs one fliould imagine from the prefent name
:

in this County, and the firft upon the edge ot Amblefide, that this was the Amhglana
men- Amblefide.
But, after all, this Concangii, which the No- tion'd by the Notitia. fBut there are Amb ° Blana
t wo
it. -

titia makes the Station of the PrafeBus Nitmeri things which ftand in our
way the firft, that :

Vigilum, is nioil probably to be fought for we are directed by the Notitia to feek it
ad Li-
Hift. p. 44. nearer the Wall; and perhaps (as * Dr. Brady neam Valli; the fecond, that without all doubt,
has obferved) on the north-fide of that For- the Cohors prima JElia Daconim had their
abode
trefs. at WiUyford in Cumberland, as appears from
Catadupx* Lower in the river Can, there are f two feveral Infcriptions which have been found at
The Forces.
Water-falls, where the water is tumbled head- a little diftance on the other fide of the river.
+ One is in
Betham- long with a hideous noife ; one at a little vil- Thefe two Opinions, then, cannot
perhaps be
river, above lage call'd Leuens, another more Southward near more plauhbly reconciled,
than by fnppofing
Milthorp. Betham. From thefe, the neighbours form their that this Amblefide might be the chief ftation
Levens, or
progn oft icat ions of the weather for when the {landing-quarters j and that the other (not
Betham. :
Wil-
Northern one founds clear, they make them- lowfordj but the Bank-end ; and perhaps the
felves fure of fair weather; but when the bridge there over the river which they were to
Southern, of rain and mills. TAt Leuens is a defend) was poffibly the Fort aflign'd them,
fair ftone bridge over the river Kent; on the when they were call'd out upon extraordinary
fouth-fide of which river, are ftill to be feen thi occafions to defend the Pi&s-walL
It is not to
ruins of an ancient round building (now call'd be doubted, but Amhglana had
the name from
Kirks-head) which is faid to have been former- the Glen of Cambock near Willowford
as the ;

ly a Temple dedicated to Diana. And not far many Roman Monuments, found in that neigh-
from it, there appear the ruins of another build- bourhood, do abundantly prove.
Nor can we
ing, which feems to have belong'd to the fame imagine, but that the Troops which were quar-
place. In the Park (well ftor'd with Fallow- on purpofe to repel the Enemy, knew
ter'd there
deer, and almoft equally divided by the river their particular Pop, as well as their place and
Kent) is a Spring call'd the Dropping-Well, that employments in their Camps and Entrench-
petrifies mofs, wood, leaves, &c. Weft from ments. And this might
Pofl they poflibly enough
Wltherflack. hence, lies Witherflack, in which Manour, not mark out by Infcriptions and Altars. It will be
long fince, a fair Parochial Chapel was built and objected, That the Notitia places Amhglana, Ad
endowed by Dr. John Banuick late Dean ct Lineam Valli: but this may be fo conftru'd, as
St. Pauls, a native ot the place and confecra- ; not ftrictly to imply the Line or Track of the
jjjun. 22. 1(571. ted by Dr. Wilkins late Bifhop of Cheftcr, and Wall it felt, but only to fignifie the Line of
6 I Comrnu-
?8 7 BRIG ANT ES. 988
Communication which feveral Auxiliaries had abouts, they commonly dig up in their wet
with thofe quarter'd upon the Picls- Moffes fuch Subterraneous 'Trees, as arc met with
who were
viall Among other pieces of Antiquity, dif- in other parts of England.!
cover'd about this old Work at Ambkfide, were The noble river of Eden, call'd by Ptolemy Eden, riv.
feveral Medals of gold, filver, and copper ; Ituna, riies in \ Weftmorland, fat a place called t TurlJbire,C.
fome of which are in that Collection which Mr. Hugh-feat- Morvill, or Hugh- Morvils hill, from Hugh Mor-
Weft-vib, hill.
+ Nov.z6.Thomas Brathwate of Amblefide gave by | Deed one of the name, fometimes Lord ot
to the Library of the Univerlity of Oxford. morland ; out of which hill alfo run two
l6 7+- other
Ridal-hall. A
little mile north of Amblefide, is Ridal-ha\l3 great Rivers
on York fh ire-fide, Eure and Swale^]
a convenient large ancient houfe in which It has at firfb only a fmall ftream ; but increafes
:

Lordfhip is a very high Mountain call'd Ridall- by the confluence of feveral little rivers, and
bead, from the top whereof one has a large finds a paflage through thefe Mountains to
profpeft, and, if the day be clear, may fee Lan- the North-weft, by Pendragon-Caflle. TThe walls, Pendragon-
Ci ^ c -

cafter-Caftle, and much farther. The Manour being four yards in thicknefs (with battlements
anciently belong'd to the Family of Lancafler, upon thern) | were Handing, till the year i66o.\ To which,
from whomdefcended in the reign ot Henry when the molt noble Lady,
it }
Ann Clifford, Coun- A S^. has left
r -r* f r. t \~. r j \* 1
nothing, but
the fourth Flemings, who have been teis Dowager or Pembroke, Dorjet, and -MiWgo- the name and
to the
Lords of it ever fince ; and the late Sir Darnel mery, repair 'd this ancient houfe of her Ance-a heap of
ought to be particularly mention'd, as ftors, with three more Caftles which fhe had g^at Stones,
Fleming
L'
a great lover of ancient Learning, and to whom this County ; and, removing frequently from

this Work is oblig'd for feveral ufeful Informa- one to another,

kept hofpitality, and dirfus'd
tions in Weftmor land and Lancafinre. her Charity ail over the Country.
\
This Cattle
Towards the Eaft, the river Lone is the li- is wafh'd on the Eaft by the river Eden ; and
mit ; its name to the adjoyning tract:, on the other fides are great trenches, as it the.
and gives
Lonfdale, Lonfdak, a Vale upon the Lone ; the chief firft builder had intended to draw the water
i. e.

Tow" whereof is Kirkby Lonfdale, whither the round it. But the attempt prov'd ineffectual ;
neighbouring Inhabitants refort to Church and from whence they have an old rhyme here-
Market. [This hath been honoured by giving abouts,
the title of Vifcount, to Sir John Lowtber, who
was created Baron of Lowther, and Vifcount Let Pendragon do what he can,

Lonfdale, a perfon of great Accomplishments ; Eden will run where Eden ran A
who hath been fucceeded in thefe Titles by his
two Sons, Richard and HenryA Above the head Then this River runs by Wharton-hall, the whar ton-
of the Lone, the Country grows wider, and the feat of the Barons of Wharton fof which
Ma-hall.
Lords of
Mountains fhoot out with many windings and nour the prefent Family have been Proprietors 1

turnings ; between which there are exceeding beyond the date of any Records extant, and &e j^ }^
deep Vallies, and feveral places hollow'd, like have likewife been Lords of the Manour of M „. Ep'.Carl.
fo many dens or caves. fBut, as we caution'd Croglin in Cumberland, and Patrons of the Re-p, 154..
before, this is only to be understood of one part ctory there, more than four hundred years paft.~|
of it ; the Barony of Weftmorland being The firft Baron was "Thomas advanced to that ;

open champain Country, of Corn-fields, Mea- honour by King Henry the eighth, [for his
dows, and Paftures, mix'd with woods, and as furprifing conduct and fuccefs in the entire de-
it were hemm'd-in by a wall of high Moun- feat of the Scots at Solom-mofs. Which Vifto-
tains. all its circumftances, was perhaps one of
The river Lune rifing a little above Riffmdak, the molt confiderable that the Englifh ever ob-
*m runs by Lang-gill, where the learned Dr. Bar- tained over the forces of the neighbouring king-
Lang-gir. t
low late Bifhop of Lincoln was born ; famous dom. And therefore King Edward the fixth,
for his great Reading, and his Zeal againft Po- recompence of that eminent Service, granted
in
pery. Afterwards, receiving the river Birk&eck, Lord an augmentation of his Paternal
to the faid

it runs down by a field call'd Gallaber ; where Coat of Arms, viz,, a Border engrailed, Or char- ;

* Brsndreth. ftands a * red Stone, about an ell high, with in Saltire, Gules
red with Legs of Lions Armed, ;

Gone. two Crofles cut deep on one fide. The tra- Azure.] To him fucceeded his fon of the fame
dition among the Inhabitants, is, that formerly name who was fucceeded by Philip *, a perfon* The prefent
;

it was the Mere-ftone between the Englifb and of great

honour Tand he by Philip his grand- Lord, C.
;

Scots. How true it may be, I dare not affirm child (fon of Sir
: Thomas his eldeft fon who
but fhall only obferve, that it is about the fame dy'd in his father's life-time, ) whofe fon Tho-
diftance from Scotland that Rere-crofs upon Stane- mas Lord Wharton, in contideration of his great
more and to what end that was erected Abilities and Services, w'as further advanced to
is ;

+ In Rich- hath been t already obferv'd. To prevent alfo the the Honours of Vifcount Winchenden and Earl
tnondjhire. Incurfions of that people, there is an artificial of Wharton, as his only fon hath fince been, to
Mount call'd Cafile-how, near Tebay (where is the yet higher honour of Duke of Wharton?\
a Free-School endow'd by Mr. Adamfon, born at Next, Eden goes to Kirby-Step hen, or Stephen sy^rhy-Stc-
Rownthwait ; who was likewife a great Benefa- Church, a noted Market; f where is a Free-phen.
ctor to the Church of Orton, ) and another School, founded and endowed by the Family of
Greenholme ; which two Mounts command the Whartonfl and fo by two little villages
call'd

two great Roads. Mufgrave, which gave name to the warlike fa- Mufgrave.
little above Rownthwait, on the north-fide mily of the Mujgraves
Tunlels one may fay,
A ',

Soud-fike. of Jeffrey-mount, is a final! Spring call'd

Goud- with greater probability, that the Towns had
Rke, which continually cafts up fmall filver-like their name
from the Family. For the name of
pieces refembiing fpangles: what the caufe is, Mufgrave is to be
reckon'd among thofe, which,

muft be left to Naturalifts to determine. This have been taken from Offices, and Civil
or

Parifh of Orton, in the year 1612. purchas'd Military Honours ; and is of the like
original

very honourably all the Tithes belonging to the as Landtgraff, Markgraf, Burggrajf, &c.
among
Rectory, for the ufe of the Incumbent, with the Germans. And
indeed, this name and
Advowfon and Patronage of its Vicaridge, Markgraff (now turn'd into Marquis) are pro-
the
For which they paid a confiderable bably the fame. The fignification of both, is
for ever.
Dux Limitaneus ; and anciently Mufgrave, or
*57o/. * Sum, fubferib'd by the Parifhioners. Here-
Mufgrave,
 ;

989 WEST MOREL AND. 990

Mo/grave, was all one as in our later language, Henry the firft gave it privileges equal to
a Lord fVarden of the Marches.] Of this family, York ; that City's Charter being granted (as
'Thomas Mufgrave, in the time of Edward the it is faid ) in the tore-noon, and this in the
third, was (ummon'd to Parliament among the afternoon, Henry the fecond granted them
Heartley- Baronstheir feat was Heartly-Caftle, hard another Charter of the like Immunities
: and ;
Cafilc.
by. Henry the third (in whole time there was an
Here the Eden feems to flop its courfe, that Exchequer here, call'd Samarium de Apleby) a
it may
receive fome rivulets upon one of which, third.
; Which were in all things like York and ;

two miles irom Eden it ielf, Stood Verte- were confirm'd by the fucceeding Kings of Eng-
fcarce
ra, an ancient Town mention'd by Antoninus land. When it was firft govern 'd by a Mayor,
and the Notitia. From the latter of thefe we does not appears but it is certain that in the
learn, that in the decline of the Roman Em- reign of Edward the firft, they had a Mayor
pire, a Prefect of the Romans quartered there and two Provofts (who ft-em to have been for-
with a band of the DireElores. The Town it merly men of principal note, /. e. Sheriffs, or
felf is dwindl'd into a village, which is de- the fame as we now call Bailiffs; and who fign'd
fended with a fmall Fort, and the name is now the publick A£ts of the Town together with
Burgh under Burgh ; for it is call'd Burgh under Stane- the Mayor *; though at prefeut they only at-* EChartfs
more, i. e. a Burrow under a ftony Mountain tend the body of the Mayor w ith two Hal-J1 "
Stancmore, 1,eI!omm
"'
fit is divided into two the Upper > otherwife berds.)
; Brompton mefces mention of Apleby-J
;

Church- Chuvch-Brough, where the Church ftandeth, oi fchire, which fhould Seem to imply, that at that
B rough.
which Robert Eglesfield, Founder of Queens- time it had Sheriffs of its own, as moft Cities
College in Oxford, was Re&or, and procur'd had though we now call them Bailiffs. For
;

the appropriation thereof from King Edward in the fecond year of Edward the firft, in a
the third to the faid College. Here alfo (lands Confirmation-Charter to Shop-Abbey, we find
the Caftle of Brough, and a tower call'd Cafari this Subfcription, Tefie T'homa filio Johanms,
Fort before-mention'd the Caftle. tunc Vice-Comite de Apelby.
tower, or the : Unlefs one fhould
having been raz'd to the ground, was re- fay, that Westmorland was call'd the County of
built not long fince by the Countefs of Pem- Apelby, or Apelby-fchire ; as indeed Brompton
broke. Near the bridge, is a Srxaw-well, which feems to intimate. But the Scotch-wars by
hath not been long difcover'd. The other vil- degrees redue'd this Town to a much lower
Lower- lage is call'd Lower-Brough from its fituation condition. \ In the 2 2d of Henry the feccud, + S Cf the I"-
"

B rough. and Market-hough from a Market held there it was fet on fire by them ; and again, in the^'P^ 3111
"

Market-
Brough. every Thurfday.l In the time of the later Em nth of Richard the fecond; when of 2200'tie below.
Veget. I. 4 perours (to obferve this once for all) the little Burgages (by due computation of the Fee-farm-
Catties, which were built for the emergent oc- rents) there remain'd not above a tenth part,
casions of war, and ftor'd with provilions, be- as appears by Inquisitions in the Town-cheft.
gan to be call'd Burgi ; a new name, which, af- Since which, it never recover'd it felf, but lay
ter the translation of the Empire into the Eaii as it were difmember'd and fcatter'd one ftreet
the Germans and others feem to have taken from another, like Co many feveral villages;
from the Greek ^i^^. And hence the Bur- and one could not know, but by Records, that
gimdians have their name from inhabiting the they belong'd to the fame body. For though
Orofius, Burgi ; for fo that age call'd the Dwellings plan Burgh-gate only is Spoken of above, as the princi-
ted at a little diftance one from another along pal ftreet; yet Bongate, Battle-burgh, Dungate-, Scat-
the Frontiers. I have read no more concerning tergate, are all of them members of it, and pro-
this place, but that inthe beginning of the bably the Burrals alfo; which may be an evi-
Norman Government, the Englilh form'd a dence of its having been wall'd round (that
Confpiracy here againft William the Conque- word implying Burrow-walls;) and the rather,
rour. I dare be pofitive, that this Burgh was becaufe at Bath in Somerfetfln're, they call the
the old Vertera ; both becaufe the diftance, town-walls by the fame name of Burrals. Con-
on one fide from Levatra, and on the other cerning the condition and misfortunes of this
from Brovonacum, if refolr'd into Italian miles, place, take the following Infcription, which is
exactly agrees with the number aSfign'd by An- placed ill the Garden belonging to the School-
toninus ; and alfo becaufe a Roman military houfe ;
Road, ft ill vifible by its high ridge, runs this
way to Brovonacum, by Aballaba, mention'd in C. C. ABALLABAQ_VAM
the Notitia ; the name whereof is to this day FLVIT ITVNA. FVIT STATIO
kept fo entire, that it plainly fhews it to be RO. TEM. MAVR. AVREL.
the very fame, and leaves no ground for difpute
AbaVaha. For inftead of Aballaba, we call it at this day, by
T. FF HANC VAST AVI
Apelby. contraction, Apelby. Nothing is memorabli R. 7 6. GVIL. SCOT. u
bout it, befides it's antiquity and fituation : for HIC PESTIS SvEVIT
i SS 8.

under the Romans it was the Station of the OPE DESERT. MERCATVS
Mauri Aureliani ; and it is feated in a pleafant F.AD GILSHAVGHLIN
field, and almoft encompafs'd with the river
+ Infrequent.
Eden. But it is f fo Slenderly peopl'd, and thi D E V M T M E.
I
buildings are So mean, that if Antiquity did
not make it the chief Town of the County, and The CC. in the firft line, is Circrmfluit : the
* They are theAflizes were not held *in the Caftle, which is FF in the fourth, Ftaiditus
: and the F in the
held in the the publick Gaol for Malefactors ; it would be end, Fun. So that here Ave have its fituation,
ffl,
row
but very littIe above a viila s e > r ( th °' the beft its Roman Antiquity, and the devaluations
Corn-market in thefe Northern Parts.)] Foi made in it by War m&Piflilmcel together with
at the
end of the all its beauty confifts in one broad ftreet, which the remove or"
the Market to Gilfhaugbliv, four
Bridge. runs j-rom north to fouth with an eafie afcent or five miles north-weftof the town.]
||
Entirely Cat the head of which is the Caftle, almoft At the lower end, is the Church, and a School
||

furrounded with the river, [and trenches, built by Rabat LavgmmA Miles
SfaverHoBtors
where the river comes not. But it hath fe- of Law ; fand, fince that time, much improved
veral teftimonies of its ancient fplendour. and augmented by Benefiaftors, the chief of
whom
 1

99 1 BRIG ANTES. 992

whom was Dr. 'Thomas Smith late Bifhop ot it were, preying upon them for fo many
Carlifle.l The worthy Matter hereof, Reginald years.
Bainbrigg, learned Perfon, courtcouHy
a very TDr. Gak (in his Notes upon Ninnius, cites Pag, 133.
tranfcrib'd for roe feveral ancient Infcriptions, an old Manufcript fragment in Cottons Libra-
and has remov'd fome into his own garden ; ry ; which feems to intimate Something of a
Twhere alfo (as we have faid) is to be feen the In- quarrel betwixt Ambrojim and Geitolinus and his
fcription or a more modern date, which defcribes fon Marcbantus, at Catguoloph. This, he fanfies,
the Misfortunes and Calamities of this place. is the fame that is now call'd Whellop or Wiial-
I

It was not without good reafon, that William /op-Caftle ; and he believes the neighbouring
of Newburrow call'd this place and the foremen- ruins of Marchantoniby (carrying fuch evident
* tegiat w«- tion'd Burgh, * Royal Forts ; where he tells us remains ot Marcbantus) a great fupport to his
nitiones. that William King of Scots took them by fur- Opinion. But what if there fhould be no fuch
prife, a little before himfelf was taken at Alne- place as Marchantoniby ? It is certain, there is
wick. Afterwards, they were recovered by King no fuch thing appears at this day, as the
John, who gave them to John de Veteri ponte or hanging-walls mention'd to be there. Befides,
Vipont, as a reward for his good fervices ; [and I fee no reafon, why Catguoloph in one of the
the Vifmits, and Cliffords (the Anceftors, by Appendices of that learned perfon, may not be
the mother's fide, of the Earls of Thanet) have the fame with either Catgabail, Catgubail, Cot-
been Lords of this Country, and flourifh'd at gualat, or Catgublaum, in the other : and thofe
this place, for above five hundred years.! are manifestly the names of men, and not of
the river polls to the north-weft, places.
From hence
Buley-caftle. by belonging to the Bifhop of Car-
Buley-Caflle, Whether this place was the ancient Galla-
fit is faid to have been creeled at feve- gum, or not ; the old Saxon God Thor (from
lifle.

times by two or three Bifliops, and there whom our Thurfday is call'd) feems to have had
ral
is (till in being an account of feveral Ordina- a Temple here ; which is imply 'd in the pre-

tions held here. fent name Kirbythhre, written in old Records

Craken- Next, Eden runs to Crakenthorp-hall, a plea- Kirkbythore, and fomctimes Kirkby-Thor. Of the
thorp-liall.
fant feac on the Eaft-fide of it ; where the chief manner ot Worfhip, and magnificence of the
branch of the Machels (a family of good note Temple of this God Thor among the Saxons,
+ Guil!am's in this Country) f have always refided, from we need not be particular, becaufe it is already
Heraldry. t [ie Conqueft downwards, to this very day ; done to our hands But a new difcovery ha-|| Verlte^an's
II-

nor do any Records afford an account how ving been lately m^de ot a curious Rarity re-Antiq.
much longer they have flourifh'd here. And lating to this Idol, and communicated by an

as the place is memorable on account of this ingenious * Antiquary to fome learned Gentle-* Mr Ra k b -

uninterrupted fucceffion for fo many ages ; fo men, for their Opinion, we cannot but obferve 1"'""'"^'*
is it alfo for the wonderful Camps which lie fomething of it, and of their thoughts con-
near it, and the Antiquities difcover'd therea- cerning it. The fhape is this :
bouts, which (with others found in thefe parts)
were carefully collected and preferv'd by Mr.
'Thomas Machel ( brother to Hugh Machel Lord
of this Manour, and late Minifter of Kirkby-
Thore) in order to his intended Antiquities ot this
County.
Kirkby. Then, it runs to Kirkby-Thore, below which

Thore. appear the vaft ruins of an ancient Town :

where alfo Roman Coins Tand Urns] are now

+ So faid, and then dug-up ; and not t long ago, this In-
ann, 1607. fcriptioil :

It is a Coin about the bignefs of a filver

DEO BELATVCAD- Groat: but the beft Danifh Antiquaries are of
RO LIB VOTV opinion, that no currant money was ever minted
M. FECIT in thefe Northern Kingdoms till the Runick
I O L V S. Character was laid afide. So that, though it
be true that they Sometimes meet with pieces
of Silver, ot .iie like fafhion with this before
Time has quite worn out the old name ; and us ;
Afi ego (fays Tho. Bartholine T. F. who
* Wheallep, they call it at this day * Whelp-Caftle. feiife of all the reft) Amuletorum quod-
If it fpeaks the
C in Anti- dam genus, &c. i. c. But for my part, I look upon
might be no offence to the Criticks
Whelp-caille.
foould fay that this was the Gallagum them to have been a fort of Amulets, us'd as Ma-
qujty, I
mention'd by Ptolemy, and call'd by Antoninus gical Spells : having learnt from our Antiquities, that
Gallatum. Qa ua tum. Which conjecture, as it agrees with our Pagan Anceftors had certain portable pieces of
the diftances in the Itinerary, fo is it partly fa- gold or filver, with their Gods reprefented upon them
voured by the prefent name. For fuch names in a human face. By thefe they foretold what was
as in Britifh begun with Gall, the Englifh to come; and look' don them as their Tutelar Deities,
turn'd into Wall. Thus, Galena was call'd which (fo long as they kept them) would affure them
Wallingford , Gall-Sever, Wall of Sever, &c. of fafety and profperity. Now, it is probable,
This was, without doubt, a place of conside- that this may prove one of thefe Amulets. For
rable note ; feeing an old caufey ( commonly the imagery gives us a human vifage with a
Maiden- way. call'd Maiden-way) runs almoft directly from it glory furrounding the head, <&c. And the ac-
to Caer-Vorran (near the PiBs Wall) along moor- count which J Stephanius (with fome others off Notes upon
Country-men) has us of their SaxcCram-
ifh hills and mountains, for fome twenty miles. his learned left
**"*""
Upon this, I am enclin'd to believe, the old God Thor, is they
this; That (in the poflure

Stationsand Man/tons mention'd by Antoninus worfhipp'd him) he had Caput flamma circum-
in his ninth Iter, were fettl'd; though no one datum, &c. i. e. his head furrounded with a flame,
has pointed out the particular places. For in- like the Sun ; juft as Painters us'd to adorn the heads
deed how fhould they ? when Time (which con- of their Gods In his hand they paint a Scepter, or
.

fumes and deftroys every thing) has been, as (as others will have it) a golden mallet. de-|j Malkum. \\ A j

fcription,
 :

WESTMORELAND.
fcription, io agreeable (at firit fight) to the fi- ters, Sir Andrew
Fountaine; Numifmatum omnium,
„;„„
gure r-eprefented, that it could not have been
J«* out Angh-Samtibus aut Anglo-Danis, /» «/« "d Com P '

more exact, though copy'd from this Original. juifte -vtdemur, nullum notatu
dignius eft, mam iiPemb.
But the Runick Characters on the Reverie go yet Uteris Rumcis injcriptum, quod
poffidet Vir genere
further it* they ate to be read thus,
;
&
ingenio clams, Radulphus
Thoresbeius Leo-
dienfis; 1. e. Of all the Coins, which
feem to
have been in ufe, either among the
Anglo-
Jr" Thur gut Luetis i. e. .•
Saxons or Anglo-Danes ; there is
nolle that
more deferves our Norice and Regard,
than
Tharis Dei fades (feu effigies:) that,with a Runick Infcription, which is in
the
poflcffion ofRalph Thoresby of Leeds, a perfon
The face or effigies of the God Thor. of an ancient Family, and an excellent
Ge-
nius.
As to the forementioned Roman Way, it
The figures of the Half-moon and Stars may may not be amifs to give you here the courfe
feem alfo to confirm the fame opinion. For the of it through rhis
County, at one view. Firfi
old Gothick Nations had the fame notion of then, partes
through a large Camp where the
it
their mighty God 'Tim-, as the Phoenicians had itone of Kmg
Marias formerly Hood; initead
of their Sun, their ^oW epjcrS Seo?, cujus nutum of which there
is another erefted call'd
Rere-
Planeta reliquaque fidera objervabant, the only God Crofs. Thence, through Maiden-Caflle, a fmall
of Heaven, to whofe direction the Planets, and qua re fort, 111 I
which has been found Roman
other Stars, were fubject ; and this was the mortar: next, it
runs quite through Market-
Deity that the old Pagan Saxons ador'd, above Brough, over
Srouglj-Fair-hill, on which are feme
all other Gods. tmnuli, barrows, or ancient burying-places.
D. Amir. The learned Dr. Hickes is of opinion, that Then, leaving IVarcop (a
Fauntaine, pretty village which
Differt. ad
the words Tbur Gut Luetis in this curious Coin gave name to tile
Wareops,) on tiie left-hand, it
Num. Sax. (fuppoling them to be the true reading) ought partes along Sandjord-mmr ; and lo
rendered
down a de-
p. I65. rather to be Thor Deus patrius. licateihorfe-race to Complandbeck-brig
; where, on
But N. Keder, a worthy member of the the right, are the ruin'd foundations
of a noble
College ot Antiquaries at Stockholme, pub- round tower; and near it on the left, Ormlide-n
upon rj
lished a critical difcourfe it at Leipfick, haS, the feat of the ancient family of
H.ltons.hT
A. D. 1703. wherein he endeavours to fllew, I hen by Apleby to the Camps upon Crackenthorp-
that the Legend has no relation to the nor- maor; fo, through the Down-end of
Krrkby-
thern God Thor; though he acknowledges, that Thore, and_ through Sawerby, a
village of the
the additional embroidery of the Moon and Stars, Dalftous of Aberabank: then all along
by the
fuits well enough with that account which their fide of Whin] eld-Park to Hart-horn-tree,
which
Writers have given of this Deity. He thinks may feem to give name to Utrnby-haU,
a feat of
it probable, that the Imagery reprefents our the Daljlons, and to have borrow'd
its own from
Saviour, as King of Kings, according to the a Stag which was cours'd by a (ingle Grey-
practice of other Nations in the early times of hound to theRed Kirk in Scotland, and back
Chriftianity ; and that Tburgut on the reverie, again to tins place, where, both being fpent,
is the proper name of the Mint-mailer; which the Stag leapt the pales, but dy'd
on the other
is agreeable to the ufige obferved in molt of fide; and the Grey-hound, attempting
to leap,
the Coins of our Saxon Kings, as he proves by tell, and dy'd on this fide. Whence they nail'd
feveral inftances. For Luetis he reads Luntis; up their heads upon the tree; and (the dog's
by which word he believes that the piece was name being Hercules) they made this rhyme
coined at London; but whether in the City of upon them
that name here in England, or in that of
Schonen in the dominions of his own Soveraign, Hercules kill'd Har*-ngreefe,
he refers to the determination of his Rea- And Han-a-grccje kU'd Hercules.
ders.
Another Opinion, that of the famous G. In the midft of the Park,
is
not far from hence
Leibnitz,, who believes
that this is a Medal is the three-brether-tree
(fo cali'd becaufe there
flruck in honour of Tburgut, the Admiral and were three of them,
whereof this was the leait)
General of thofe Danifo Pirates, who (in the thirteen yards and a
quarter in circumference
year 1016) block'd up our great City of London ; a good way from the
root. From Hart-horn-
whofe name (for our Englifb Hiilorians fay no- tree, the way goes directly weilward to the
thing of him) he learns from the Saxon Hi- Countefs-fillar, ereded by Anne Counters Dowager
itory of Ditbmar, Bifhop of Merfeburg. of Pcnbroke, and adorn'd witli Coats
of Aims,
h
Not. G. Wot- To the feveral Conjectures and Opinions con- Dials, &c. with
an Obelisk on the top colour'd
to». in Hide- ceraing this famous and molt valuable Coin, with black; and this
Infcription in brjfs, de-
fi Tlefiur. J w ;n fubjoin what is faid of it by a learned claring the occafion
j
and meaning of" it
perfon, and an excellent Judge of thefe mat-

THIS PILLAR WAS ERECTED ANNO itf 5cr

BY THE RIGHT HONO. ANNE COUNTESS DOWAGER
PENEROKE. AND SOLE HEIR OF THE RIGHT OF
HONORABLE GEORGE EARL OF CUMBERI AND &c
FOR A MEMORIAL OF HER LAST PARTING In'thIS PI ACF
WITH HER GOOD AND PIOUS MOTHER THE RIGHT HONOR API EF
MARGARET COUNTESS DOWAGER OF CUMI3ERLAND
THE SECOND OF APRIL 1616. IN MEMORY WHEREOF"'
SHE ALSO LEFT AN ANNUITY OF FOUR POUNDS
TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE POOR WITHIN THIS
PARISH OF BROUGHAM EVERY SECOND DAY OF APRII
FOR EVER UPON THE STONE TABLE HERE BY
L A U S DEO.
6 K From
 : 1

99*> BRIG ANTES. 99 6

Brougham- From this Filler, the Way carries us to Broug- engraven in large Characters, and are flill to
taftle.
ham-caftle, mentioned below and from thence,
;
be feen m a rock near it, CN. OCT. COT.
dircftly to Lowther-bridge,and fo over Emot in- COSS. do not find in the Fafli, that any
But I

to Cumberland.] two of that name were Confuls together. This

Crawdun- Hard by Whelp-caflle, at Crawdundak-waith, Obfervation however I have made, that from
dale-waith.
there appear ditches, vampires, and great mounts the age of Severus to that of Gordianns and
of earth caft up among which was found this
;
after, the Letter A in all the Infcriptions
Roman Inscription, tranfcrib'd for me by the found in this Iflaud, wants the crofs-ftroke, and
above-mention 'd Reginald Bainbrig School-mailer is engrav'd thus, A, fas it is in the hrft of thofe ^fc,- a.
of Appleby. It was cut in a rough fort of Infcriptions.!
rock but the fore-part of it was worn away
;
From hence the Eden runs along, not far from
with age. Hovsgil, a caftle of the Sandfords but the Ro-Howgil. ;

man Military way runs directly weft through

:

Whinfiild(a. large Park thick fet with trees) to* See above.
Brcuoniacum, twenty Italian miles, but feventeen^'* in the

VARRO/f/VS Englifh, from Vertera, as Antoninus has nVd?Iorth " the

it. He calls it alfo Brocovum ; as the Notitiag^^J;
Broconiacum from which we underftand that
6SSVS-I.GQXXW ;

the | Company of the Defenfores had their a--r humerus.

bode here. Though Age has confum'd both

ELLVCANVS ^ it's buildings and fplendour, the name

ferv'd almoft entire in

is pre-

the prefent one of

RLEgnAVqC' Brougham ("the Antiquity whereof hath beenBroughain.

;

further confirm^ of late years, by the difco-

very of feveral Coins, Altars, and other te-
ll i monies.

Here the (which runs out of a

river Eimot
large Lake, and is for fome fpace the border
i. e. (as I read it) Varronius PrafeBm hgionis vi-
Aelim Lucanm Pra- between
County and Cumberland ) re-
this
cefitnx Valentis vitlrias
caflrametati fitnt
ceives the river Loder near the head of which, Loder, riv.
;
jetlfii legionis jecunda Augufta, ;

at Shap, formerly Bepe(a fmall Monaftery builtshap.

or fome fuch thing. TThe two upper lines are
two lower with a lighter by Thomas Fitz.-Gofpatrick, the fon of Ornt) there
cut very deep; but the
hand, and in a much finer and more polite f was a Welly which, like Euriptts, ebb'd atidf Is, C.

For which reafon, one may con-

flow'd feveral times in a day. TWhich inter-
Character.
mittent Springs are no rarities in hollow and
clude them to be different Infcriptions; and the
rocky Countries though perhaps not fo com-
rudenefs of the Characters in the firft, mud
;

monly obferv'd, as they might be. The caufe

needs argue it to be of much greater Antiqui-
ty. And what may the more induce us to be- of this unconftant breaking-out of their ftreams,
is purely fortuitous ; and therefore the efteft
lieve them two diftinft Infcriptions, is the wri-
is not always very lafting, nor is there any
ting of the letter A, which in Varronim wants
ebbing-fountain at prefent to be heard of near
the crofs-ftrokc ; whereas all the three in the
Here are large Stones in the form
two laft lines are according to the common
Shap. I

of them nine foot high and

way of writing.] The Legio Vice/ma Valens of Pyramids (fome
thick) almoft in a direct line, and at
VHhix, garrifon'dat Deva or Weft-Chefter ; as fourteen
alfo the Legio fecunda Augufia, which was ingar-
equal diftances, for a mile together. They
rifon at JJca or Caer-Leon in Wales, being both
feem defign'd to preferve the memory of fome
or other but time has put it beyond
detach'd againft the enemy in thefe parts, feem Action ;

pitched camps fome ail portability of pointing out the particular

to have hVd, and their for

time in this place ; and it is probable that the occahon. Upon Loder is \Bampton, where is aBamptoo.

Officers, in memory might engrave good Free-School, built and endowed by Dr.
thereof,
FOr, what if one fhould fay, John Sutton, a worthy Divine in his time and ;
this in the rock.
a place of the fame denomination with the
that this was the place which afforded the Ro- alfo]
not far off )StrickhnaV
mans a fupply cf Stones for their buildings river, which (as Iikewife Strickland,
hereabouts and that upon this account the In- hath given name to an ancient and famous fa-
;

[the Lowthers. This one of thofe En-

fcriptions were left here ? The truth of the
mily, is

Sirnames, concerning which Sir Henry Spel-

fad appears from the Stones dug-up out ot the glish
of Sir Peter Osburn, deiired
Kirby-thore, Foundations at Kirkby-thore, molt of which did man, at the requeft
certainly come from hence; and that upon thofe the
thoughts of the learned O. Wormim who ;

it to be amongft the moft ancient

occafions they us'd to leave Infcriptions behind obferves
of the Kings of Denmark, and (deri-
them, is confirm'd by the like inflances both names
in Helbeck-Scar, by the river Gelt ; and on ving it from the words Loth and Er) makes itMon. Dan.
a fortunate ftock of honour, in its very p. 192, STr.
Leuge-Cmg near Naward-Caftle in Gilfland, from to carry
whence they had their flone for the Pitls-wall. Etymology.
The conjecture of this excellent
feems to be further ftrengthen'd by
Doubtlefs there have been more Letters here, Antiquary
though now Alfo, the foremention'd the name of Lotharim, which we meet-with fo
defae'd.
Mr. Machel difcover'd the following Infcription, frequently among
the Emperors and other

not obferv'd before Princes of Germany. And yet, after all this, it
is perhaps more agreeable to truth,
to believe
that both the feat and family of Lowther in this
County (as Lauder, and Lauderdale in Scotland)
have their names from that neighbouring ri-
ver, which in the old
* Britifh language fig-*Gladdwr.
nifies water that is clear, li?npid, and -without
mud; all, very proper Epithets to this river.
family of Lowther hath made a
is hard to determine ; The now noble
+ This was. When | thefe were done, in this County for many genera-
C. though, to fignify the time, thefe words were great figure
tions ;
 : ;:

WESTMORELAND.
tions; and the late Sir John Lowihcr was Keeper
of the Privy Seal, and one of the Lords Jufti-
ces of England during the abfence of King
William and was, for his many eminent Ser-
; by a large round entrenchment, with a plain
vices and great Abilities, advanced to the dig-
nity of Baron ot Louither and Vifcount Lonf-
dak. Here, he erected a noble Seat, adorn'd
998
1
by him with curious Paintings, and rich Fur-
niture ; which hath been lately burn'd down,
A little before Loder joins the Emot, it partes
piece of ground in the middle, and a pafl'age
into it on either fide; the form of which is
this

It goes by the name of" King Arthurs Round
'Table : and it is poffible enough, it might be
a Jzifling-place. However, that it was never
deiign'd tor a place of flrength, appears from
the trenches, being on the iniide. Near this,
is another great Fort of Stones, heap'd-up in
form of a horfe-fhoe, and opening towards it
grees to be transfer/d to any intimate union or
friendfhip among Men or Societies ; where he ob-
ferves, that in the old Cimbrian or Runick
Language, Mag fignifies Socius, a Companion
So that Mayburg feems to have been (oil occa-
fion of the forementioned Treaty) fo called, as
if one fhould fay, The Fort of Union or Alliance.

call'd by fome King Arthur's Cattle, and by Would M- Zeiller, and the reft of the German
others Maybv.rgh, or Maybrough. Geographers give me leave, I fhould willingly
Emot may be called the Ticinus of the two fetch the name of the famous City of Magde-
Counties Weftmorland and Cumberland
ot burgh trom the fame Original Magde, in ; fince
(falling in a clear and rapid ftream, out of the Teutonick, fignifles kindred, as well as a
Ullefwater, as the Tefin doth from the Lago Mag- Girly or Virgin and Irempolis might found as
;

giore,) and will yet be more remarkable on ac- well as ParthenopoliSy as they love to call it. The
count of this and the neighbouring remains fable of the Image of Venus anciently worfhip'd
of Antiquity upon its banks, it we believe them there (fupported by the Arms of the Town)
to be, as I think we may, Monuments of that is of the like authority with our t Llan \ MieWlefwrj
treaty of Peace and Union, which was finiih'd Dian7\
by King vEthelftan, in the year 9 2d, with Lower down, at the confluence of Loder and
Conflantine King of Scots, Hacval King of the Eimot, was dug-up (in the year 1602.) this
Wefiern Britains or Stratcluid-Welfh, &c. of Stone, fet-up in memory of Conflantine the
which St.Dunelmen/is (and, from him, R. Hoveden Great:
in the fame words) gives us this account, Hi om-
nes, &C. Ail thefe, finding that they could not make IMP.
head again/1 bint, and defiring Peace of him, met C. VAL
together on the 4th of the Ides of "July, in the place CONSTA-
•which is called Kamotum, and enter''d into a League, NTINO
that was confirmed by the Jaid Oath. The very P I E N T.
name alfo of Ma) burg extremely favours this AV G.
Wo ifp. , Str Opinion : For in the old Illandick Writers,
1, a nd Si- THere, the Loder joyns Emot, which runs by
we have Mogur, and Mogu, in the plural, for
Sen and Sons. But in the Iflandick Lexicon of Barton, a very large Parifh, reaching from the Barton.
G. Andreas, Magr is rendered by Affinis, Gener, bounds of Rydal and Ambkfide on the fouth, to
+ G am Sax
p. 108, iog.
Socer ; and Maegelis Affmitas. The fame thing the river Loder on the north. They have a
words (pago, School well endow'd by that learned and great
IIQ f Dr. Hides observes ot the Saxon
*G, th. :,ioi- OQnz^i&c. *and faith Junius, Ab hoc nexu, &c. man, Dr. Gerard Langbain, Provoft of Queens
llir. n voc.
From this relation of blood, the word came by de- College in Oxford, who was a native of this
AU IS.
parifh
999 BRIGANTES.
pariih ; as was alio Dr. William Lancafter the that found by Mr. George Daire near Tunbridge in
late Provoft, who was a considerable Benefactor Kent i which he calls Adiantbum radicofum glo-
to the faid School.! buliferum, humi fparfum. / am now of opinion,
After Eimat has been for fome fpace the that neither of them are any [pedes of Adiantum,
boundary between this County and Cumberland; mt mere moffes.
I far paries. near Ifanparles, a rock well known in the neigh- Allium fylveftre amphicarpon, foliis porra-
bourhood, which Nature hath made of a very ceis, floribus & nucleis purpureis. An Allium
difficult afcent, with feveral caverns and wind- leu Moly montanum primum Cluf. ? Broad-
ings, as if file deiign'd it for a retreat in leavd mountain Garlick with purple In
flowers.
troublefome times ; it empties its own waters, Troutbeck-holm by great Strickland.
with thofe of other rivers, into Eden, a few Biftorta miner noftras Park. Aipina minor
miles below : having firft receiv'd the little ri- C. B. minima
J. B. Small Bifiort or Snakeweed.
ver Blencarne (the boundary on this fide be- In feveral places of this County, as at Crosby Ra-
tween Weftmorland and Cumberland, ) upon ven\worth. See Torkftjire.
which I underftood there were vaft ruins of a Cratarogonon foliis brevibus obtufis Weftmor-
Hanging- Caftle, by the name of the Hanging Walls of landicum. Eye-bright-Cow-wheat with Jbort blunt
walls of
Marcantoniby, that is (as they tell you) of Mark leaves. Near Orion befide a rivulet running by the
Man ant »•
nihy. Antony ("nothing whereof now remains.!
; way that leads thence to Crosby.
+ Ralph The | firft Lord of Weftmorland that I know Cerafus avium live Padus Theophrafti. Birds
Mefcbines, of, was Robert de Veteri ponte or Vipont, who Cherry common among the mountains as well m
:
and Hugh de
bore in a Jhield gules fix Annulets Or. For King this Country as in Torkfhire; where fee the Syno-
Afervilj arc
faid to have John gave him the Bailiwick and Rents of Weft- nymes.
beer Lords morland, by the fervice of four Knights : where- Cerafus fylveflris fruflu minimo cordiformi
thereof, be- upon the Cliffords his fuccefibrs, Tand after them P. B. The leaf, wild Heart-cherry-tree, vulgarly
fore.
theTufions, have liolden the Sheriffdom of Weft- called the Merry-tree. About Rofgill.
Arms of the
i

Viponts. morland, down to this time. For Robert the Chamxciftus feu Helianthemum folio Pilo-
Fin. Term. bft of the Viponts, left only two daughters ; Sy- fellae minoris Fuchlii J. B. (The Pilofetla minor
Mich. R. 6. bilwife of Roger -Lord Clifford, and Idonea wife Fuchfii is nothing but Mountain-Cudweed or Cats-
H.S. ot Roger de Leybourne. A
long time after, King foot) Hoary dwarf mountain Ciftus or Holy-rofe,
Richard the fecond created Ralph de Nevil or with Cats-foot leaves. Found by Mr. Newton on
NewWille (Lord of Raby, and a perfon of a fome rocks near Kendale.
very noble and ancient Englifh Pedigree, being Gentianella fugax verna feu praxox. Dwarf
defcended from Uhtred Earl of Northumber- Vernal Gentian. Found by Mr. Fitz,-Roberts on the
Earls of land) firft Earl of Weftmorland ; whofe pofte- ba:kfide of Helfe-feH-nab near Kendall ; as alfo in
Wefimor-
rity by his firit wife M. daughter of the Earl of the Parks on the other fide of Kendall on the back of
land.
Stafford, enjoy 'd this honour, till Charles, hurry'd Birkhog. It begins to flower in April, and continues

on by a boundlefs Ambition to violate his duty lo flower till June.

to Queen Elizabeth and his Country, brought Geranium batrachoides flore eleganter va-
an eternal infamy upon this noble family, ana a riegate Crowfoot-Cranesbill with a party-coloured
toul blemifh upon his own honour ; fo that, flower. In old Deer-park by Thomthwait. This,
leaving his native Country, he liv'd and dy'd though it may be but an accidental variety, yet 1; fo
miferably m
the Netherlands. His iiTue by the ornamental to a garden, that it deferves to be taken
fecond wile Katharine, daughter of John of notice of.
Gaunt Duke of Lancafter, became fo famous and, Geranium batrachoides montanum no^ras.
numerous, that, almoft at the fame time, there Mountain Crowfoot-Cranesbill. In the hedg^ and
fiourifii'd of that Family, the Earl of Salisbury, among the buflm in the mountainous meadius and
the Earl of Warwick, the Earl of Kent, the failures of this County no lefs than in Torkfhire.
Marquifs of Montacute, Baron Latimer, and Ba- Filix faxatilis caule tenui fragili. Auiantum
ron Abergevenny. album folio Filicis J. B. Stone Fern with flender
fFrom the year 1584. this Honour lay dead, brittle ftalks and finely-cut leaves. On old ftone
tillKing James the firft, in the year 1624, ad- wads and rocks plentifully.

vanced Francis Fane ( as a Defendant of the Filicula petraa crifpa feu Adiantum album
faid Nevils) to the dignity of Earl of Weftmor- fioridum perelegans. Small flowering Stone-fern.
land, who was fucceeded in that Honour by At the bottom of flone walls made up with earth in
Mildrnay his Son, and Charles his Grandfon. Orton-parifh and other places plentifully.
Which Charles, dying without iflue, was fuc- Filix ramofa minor J. B. Saxatilis ramofa,
ceeded by his brother Vere Fane, father of Vere nigris punctis notata C. B. Pumila faxatilis pri-
Fane, who died unmarried, and of Thomas the ma Cluiii Park. Dryopteris Tragi Ger. The
prefent Earl.! leffer branched fern. On the fides of the mountains,
in jhady places efpecially.

Gladiolus lacuftris Dortmanni Cluf cur. poft.

*26, Q.ln this County are * 32 large Parifbes ; \befides a Leucoium paluftre flore
fubeceruleo C. B. Gla-
great number of Chapels of Fafe.')
diolus lacuftris Clufii five Leucoium paluftre
(lore cceruh-o Bauhini Park. Water Gladiole. In
a pool cali'd Hals-mater, and in Winander-mere
plentifully.
Grarnen fparteum fpica foliaceS graminea 1

More rare Plants growing in Weftmoreland.

majus P. B. Grafs upon grafs. In an Ip cali'd
Houfe-holm in Huls-water.
Adiantum petrjmm perpufillum Anglicum Gramen
juncoides lanatum akcrum D-rr'cum
foliis bifidis vel trifidis. Small mofs-Maiden-hair Park.
Item Gr. junceum montanum fpica fub-
inith leaves divided into two or three fegments.
Found ccerulea Cam'_ro-Bricannicum ejufdem. Juncus
by Mr. Newton and Mr. Lawfon on Buz&ard rough
Alpinus cum caud3 leporina Alpinus
crag near Wrenofe. J. B.
Dr. Plukenet in his Phytography capitulo lanuginofo five Schcenolaguros
C. B.
hath figured this, and intitled it Adiantum radice- Hares-tail-rufb or Mofs-crops. On Moffes and boggy
fum erectius, foliis imis bifectis, ceteris vero places.
integris tenuiffimt: crcnatis : diftinguiflting it from
Hellebo-
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
I

o
 lOOI CU M » *=

/C

th:

poi
the
rial
tern
^fl'i -

men
tifli; „» auout Henry the
_

Pen-) . cone. time of Henry the

Jjut in the
thing . wuat 1 aflert. third, the heirefs of Adam
de Milium trans-

F.Sommer's SAnd ,.. mc opinion ofc" a learned * Writer is fer r\l it by marriage to her husband John
GMar. different from this, viz,, that it is derived trom Huddiefton; whofe pofterity doth now enjoy it.]
our Englifti Cumber, with relation to the lakes From hence, the fhore wheeling to the North,
and mountains that encumber it, and make it comes to Ravenglas, a harbour for fhips, and Rayenglas.
difficult for Travellers to pafs.l commodiouily Surrounded with two rivers ;
Though the Northern fituation renders the where" (as I am told) there have been found Ro-
Country cold, and the Mountains are rough man Infcriptions. Some will have it to have
and uneven yet it has a Variety which affords
;
been formerly called Aven-glas, i. e. an * azxire * Canruleus,
f Verrucofas, a very agreeable Profpecl. For after \ fvvelling sky-coloured river and tell you abundance of {lo-
;

recks, and crowding mountains, big as it ries about King Kveling, who had his Palace
6 L here,
 ;

CU MB ERLJNV. 1 002
HiUeborine minor flore albo Park. The lejfer Morif. Hift- Round-leavd Mountain-forrel. Ob-
-white fiower'd baftard Hellebore. In Sir John Low- ferv'd by Air. Lawfon on the Mountains of this

ther'sWood, directly againft Askliam-hall. County and by Mr. Fitz,-Roberts in Long Sledale
;

Hieracium fruticofum la ti folium glabrum near Buckbarrow-wdl, and all alongthe rivulet that
The fmcother broad-leavd bujhy Hawkweed. runs by the Well for a mile or more, 'this never
Park.
Near a Lake call'd Huh-water. degenerates into the common Roman or French Sor-

Hieracium macrocaulon hirfutum folio ro- rel.

tundiore D. Law/on. An Hierac. fruticofum Perficaria filiquofa Ger. Noli me tangere

foliofubfotundo C. B. Round-lcav'd rough Hawk- J. B. Mercurialis fylveftris, Noli me tangere
wet-d ivith a long flalk. By Buckbarrow-well in dicta, five Perficaria fiiiquofa Park. Balfamine
long Sledale. lutea, live Noli me tangere C. B. Codded Ar~
Hieracium tev/liwviav hirfutum folio rotun- fmart, Quick in hand, touch me not. I obferv'd it
diorc D- Lawfon. On the rocks by the rivulet be- growing plentifully on the banks of Wmander-mere
tween Shup and Anna-well. near Ambtejide, and in many other plates.

Jui:cus parvus calamo feu fcapo fupra pani- Rubia erecta quadrifolia J. B. Crofs-ivort-

culam compadam longius produdo Newtoni. madder. Near Orton, Wmander-mere, and elfe*

Small ruf/j with the Jbaji produced to a great length where in this County plentifully.
above its compact panicle. Not far from Amble- Salix folio laureo live lato glabro odorato
P. B. Bay-leav'd fweet Willow. Frequent by the
fide.
Juniperus Alpina J. B. Cluf. Park. Moun- river-fides in the meadows among the Mountains.
Country- people Tormentilla argentea Path Alpina folio
tain du-arf- Juniper, call'd by the

Savine, as well here as in Wales. Upon the tops of fericeo C. Pentaphyllum

B. feu potiiis Hepta-
the Mountains. phyllum argenteum flore mufcofo J. B. Pen-
Lilium convallium anguftifolium D. Law- taphyllum petrofum, Heptaphyllum Clufii Ger.
fon. Narrow-leav'd Lilly-convally. By IVater -fall- Vera & genuina Alchymillx fpecies eft. Cinque-
bridge and elfewhere in this County. foil Ladies-mantle. On the rocks by the fide of the
Meum Ger. vulgatius Park, Foliis Anethi C. B. Lake call'd Huts-water, or as fame write it Ulles-
Meu vulgare, feu Radix urfina J. B. Common water.
Spignell or Meu. About two miles jrom Sedberg in To thefe I might add, Lunaria minor raraofa,
minor dilfectis; That is, branched
the way to Orton abundantly in the meadows and ScLunaria foliis

pafiures, where it is known to all the Country-people Moon-wort, and cut-leav'd

Moon-wort, both obferv'd
by the name of Bald-money, or (as they pronounce by Mr. Lawfon at great Strickland; though they be
it) Bawd-money, the reafen of which name I could (Ifuppofe) but accidental varieties.
not fi/b out.
Vitis Idsea magna, five Myrtillus grandis
Oxalis feu Acetofa rotundifolia rcpens Ebo- J. B. The great Billberry Bufb. In the forefi of
racends folio in medio deliquium patiente Whinfield. Mr. Lawjon.

CUMBERLAND.
Efore Weftmorland, to the Weft, were with Metals ( between which, are Lakes
lies Cumberland ; in Latin Cum- ftor'd with all forts of wild Fowl;)
you come
bria, rand in- Saxon Eumbpa- to rich hills cloath'd with Hocks «f fheep,
and
lana, and Lumep-Ianb;l the below thefe are fpread out pleafant large plains,
furtheft County in this part which are tolerably fruitful. The Ocean alfo
of England, as being bounded which beats upon this fhore, affords great plenty
by Scotland on the North. It of the belt Fifh, and as it were upbraids the
isencompafs'd by the
Irifo-fea to the South and Inhabitants for their idlenefs, in not applying
Weil, and on the Eaft, above Weftmorland, it themfelves more clofely to the fifhing-trade.
borders upon Northumberland. It had the The South part of this County is call'd
name from the Inhabitants; who were the true Copeland and Coup!and, becaufe it rears it's head in Copeland,

and genuin Britains, and call'd themfelves in (harp mountains, call'd by the Britains Kopa \
their own language Kumbri or Kambri For, or (as others will have it) Copeland, as if one
:

that the Britains, in the heat of the Saxon wars, fhould fay, Copperland, from the rich veins of
poftcd .themfelves here for a long time, we hav Copper. In this part, at the fandy mouth of
the authority of our Hiftories, and of Ma- the river Duden, by which it is divided from
rianus himfclf, who calls this County Cumbrorum Lancafhire, is Milium, a Caftle of the ancient Millum-Ca-
firft Lords where- Me*J
terra, i. e. the Land of the Cumbri : Not to family of the Hodleftons : TThe
mention the many names of places purely Bri- of ftil'd themfelves de Milium, as William de
tifli; fuch are, Caer-luel, Caer-dronoc, Pen-nth, Milium, and Henry de Milium about Henry the
Pen-vodoc, &c. which are plain evidences of the rirft's time. But in the time of Henry the
thing, and a pregnant proof of what I aflert. third, the heirefs of Adam de Milium tranf-
*Sommer's fAnd yet the opinion of a learned * Writer h ferr'd It by marriage to her husband yohn
i
Eloffar. different from this, viz.. that it is derived from Huddlefton; whofe pofterity doth now enjoy it.1
our Englifh Cumber, with relation to the lakes From hence, the fhore wheeling to the North,
and mountains that encumber it, and make it comes to Ravenglas, a harbour for fhips, and Ravenglas.
difficult for Travellers to pafs.l commodioully furrounded with two rivers
Though the Northern fituation renders the where' (as I am told) there have been found Ro-
Country cold, and the Mountains are rough man Infcriptions, Some will have it to have
*
and unevefl ; yet it has a Variety which affords been formerly called Aven-glas, i. e. an azure * Cnuleus,
f Yerrucofas.a very agreeable Profpecr. For alter fwelling sky-coloured river ; and tell you abundance of fto-
f

recks, and crowding mountains, big as it ries about King Eveling, who had his Palace
6 L here,
 ;

IOOC$ BRIG ANT ES. lOO^

here. thefe rivers, Esk, riles at the toot led a folitary lite there
One ot and to her fanctity they :

Hard-knot, of Hardknott, a fleep ragged mountain ; on afcribe the Miracles, of taming a Bull, and of
the top of which were lately dug-up huge (tones, a deep Snow that by her Prayers fell on Mid-
*

and the foundation of a Cattle ; which is iummer-day. THere alfo, the fame holy Vir-
very ftrange, confidering the mountain is fo gin is faid to have founded a Nunnery; but it-
fteep, that one can hardly get up it. ["Thefe appears not that it was ever endow'd, or that

ftones are poffibly the ruins ot fome Church or it continued tor any time a voluntary Society.
Chapel, which was built upon the mountain. It is probable enough, that it was ruin'd and
For Wormius in his Danijfr Monuments gives in- difpers'd in the civil wars before the Conqueff ;
ftances ot" the like in Denmark ; and it was nd that the Priory of Benedi'dines, built and
thought an extraordinary piece of devotion, endow'd afterwards by William de Micenis, was
upon the planting of Chriifianity in thefe parts, the fame place. Here is a good Grammar- SceStai.
to erect Crojfes and build Chapels in the raoft fchool, founded and endow'd by Edmund Grin- 3 Jac. e.
eminent places, as being both nearer Heaven, dal Archbifhop of Canterbury, who was born N. 37-
and more confpicuous : they were commonly It has a Library belonging to it,
at this place.
dedicated to St. Michael. That large Tract of is much improv'd by the munificence of
and
Mountains on the Eafl-fide of the County, Dr. Lamping!) late Archbifhnp of York, Dr. Smith
call'd Crofs-FeUs, had the name given them upon late Bifhop of Carliile, Sir John Lowther of

that account ; for before, they were call'd Whitehaven, and others. The right of preferr-
Dittor,. Bends-Fell, or Devils-Fell; and Dilfton a fmall ing a Mafter is in the Provoft and Fellows of
town under them, is contracted from Devil's- Queen's College in Oxford; to which Society
Irt, river, 7win.~\ Higher up, the little brook In runs its Founder was alfo a confiderable Benefactor. 1
into the Sea ; Ton the bank of which is the Scarce a mile from hence, is Egremont-Caiile, Egremont-
Irton. Manour and Town of Irton, or Irtindak, now feated upon a hill; formerly, the feat of William C^Hle.
in the pofieflion of an ancient family of that de Mejchines, upon whom King Henry
the ru-ft Lords of
e
name ; of which Radulphus de Irton, Bifhop ot beflow'd it, to hold by the jeruice of one Knight, L /"
"

In this who flmtld be ready, upon the King's Summons, to

^
Carliile, A. D. 1280. was a branch.!
brook, the fheil-fifh, eagerly fucking in the ferve in the wars of Wales and Scotland. He left
dew, conceive and bring forth Pearls, or (toufe a daughter, the wife of William Fitz-Duncan,
* B ace as c the Poet's word) * Shell-berries. Thefe the In- of the Blood-Royal ot Scotland ; by whofe
habitants gather up at low water ; and the daughter alfo the cftate came to the family of
Pearls See
Pliny.
Jewellers buy them of the poor people for a the Lucies : and from them, by the Moltons and
trifle, but fell them at a good price. Ot thefe, Fitz-Walters, the title of Egremont defcended
and fuch like, Marbodaus feems to fpeak in that to the Radcliffs Earls of Suffex. Notwithstand-
verfe ing, Th. Percy, by the favour of King Henry
the fixth, enjoy'd that title for fome time, and
Cignit infignes &
antiqua Britannia baccas. was fummon'd to Parliament by the name of
"Thomas Percy of Egremont. TBelow S. Bees, is
And Britain's ancient fliores great Pearls White-haven, fo Call'd from the -white rocks and White-haven
produce. cliffs near it. It is chiefly beholden for its im-
provement, to Sir John Lowther, who took his
TThe Mufle-Pearls are frequently found in other title of diftinftion from it, and whofe fon now
rivers hereabouts ; as alfo in Wales and foreign enjoys a considerable eft ate there.!
Countries. Sir John Narborough, in his late From S. Bees the Shore draws-in by little and The Shore
fortl 0'' d -
Voyage to the Magellanick Straits, A. D. 1670. little; and (as appears by the ruins) was for-
tells us, he met with many of them there tify'd by the Romans in all fuch places as were
Page 7. Abundance of Mufcles (fays he) and many Seed- convenient for landing. For this was the utmoft
pearls in every Mufcle. And Sir Richard Hawkins, bound of the Roman Empire; and the Scots,
who had been there before him, affirms the fame when like a deluge they pour'd out of Ireland
+ Printed thing in his t Obfervations ; adding alfo, that into our Ifland, met with the greateft oppo-
Ann. 1622. the Mufcles are very good Diet. There was, not sition upon this coaff. It is very probable, that
p. 88.
longfince, a Patent granted to fome Gentlemen the little village Moresby, where is now a har-Moresby.
and others, for Pearl- fifbing in this river; but bour for Ships, was one of thofe Forts. There
whether it will turn to any account, is uncer- aremany remains of Antiquity about it in the
tain for they are not very plentiful here ; and
: Vaults and Foundations of Buildings feveral ;

if they are a valuable commodity, they might Caverns, which they call PiBs-holes ; and feveral Pi&s-holes;
be had in abundance, and at no extraordinary pieces of ftones dug-up, with Infcriptions.
charge, from the Straits of Magellan. Tacitus Upon one of them is, LVCIVS SEVERINVS
(in the Life of Agricola) takes notice, that the ORDINATVS. Upon another, COH. VII.
Britifh Pearls arefubfifca ac liventia, of a dark And faw this Altar ( * lately dug-up there)* So faid,
I
with a little horned image of Sihanas; ann * l6o 7«
brown and lead colour; but that character
ought not to have been given in general terms.
Mift. Eccl.
1. 1. c. 1.
Bede's account is more juft ; where he fays,
they are of all colours. Thofe that are not DEO SILVAN — To the God
Silvanus, the
bright and (tuning (and fuch indeed are moft COH. II. LING fecond Co-
hort of the
of what we meet with in In, Inn, &c.) are CVI PR.EES J-ingones un-
ufually call'd Sand-pearl, which
Phyfick as the fineft, though not fo valuable
are as ufeful in
G. POMPEIVS M— der the com-
mand of G.
in beauty. The great Naturalift of our Age, SATVRNIN Pompeius,M.
De Cocbl.
PIuv.Seft.2.
Dr Lifter, fays, he has found fixteen
of thofe Saturninus.

in one Mu fc e i ; a nd afferts of them all, that

As alfo this fragment, which ws copy'd out
they are only Senefcentium Mufcxdorum vitia
and fent me by J. Fletcher, Lord of the
the Scabs of old Mufcies.l
Place i
From hence, the fhore goes out by degrees
to the weft, and makes a fmall Promontory,
6. Bees, commonly call'd S. Bees, inftead of S. Bega,

For Bega, a pious and religious Irilh Virgia OB

 1

1005 CUMBERLAND. 1006

Prxgrande fiagnam, i- e. a vail Pool, wherein are
three Iflands ; one, thefeat of the Knightly family
of the Ratdiffs ; another, inhabited by German
Miners ; and a third, (uppos'd to be that where-
OB PROSPE in Bede tells us St. Herbert led a Hermit's life.

RITATEM [The ftoryof St.

Herbert's great familiarity with
and their endearments at Carlifle,
St. Cuthbert,
CVLMINIS with their death on the fame day, hour, and
INSTITVTI. minute, &c. we have at large in Bede. All J?^ f*
which are repeated in an old Iuftrument of one cftbb.c. 28.
But there has been no Infcription yet found ot the Bifhop of Carliile s Regifter-books, Hegifi. Apulb.
:

to encourage us to believe, that this was the whereby Thomas de Apulby (Bifhop of that See, p- 261.
Msrbiuntt Nbrhium, where the Equites Cataphrallarii quar- A. D. 1374.) requires the Vicar of Crofthwait
tered ; though the prefent name Teems to im- to fay a yearly Mais in St. Herbert's Ifle, on the
Hay-Caflle. ply it. Nor muft 1 omit the mention of Hay thirteenth of April, in commemoration of thefe
Cafile, which I faw in the neighbourhood two Saints and grants forty days Indulgence
;

very venerable for its antiquity; and which, the to fuch of his Parifhioners as (hail religioufly
Inhabitants told me, belong'd formerly to the attend that Service.l Upon the fide of this
noble families of Moresby and Dijfinton. Lake, in a fruitful Held, encompafs'd with wet
After this, the river Derwent falls into the dewy mountains, and protected from the north-
Kefwnck.
Ocean which riling in Borrodale (a Vale fur- winds by Skiddaw, lyes Kefwick, a little market-
;

rounded with crooked hills) creeps among the town; a place long (nice noted for Mines (as fcraria Ac- || 1 1

mountains call'd Derwent-fells ; in which. appears by a certain Charter of Edward the""'*

Newlands and other places, fome rich veins of fourth) and at prefent inhabited by Miners.
Copper- Copper, not without a mixture of Gold and The privilege of a Market was procur'd for it
Mines. Silver, were difcover'd f in our age by Thomas of Edward the firft, by Thomas ot Derwent-
\ So fa id, Thurland and David Hotchftetter a German of water, Lord of the place, from whom, it de-
ann. 1607
Aufpurg though known many ages before, as
;
fcended hereditarily to the Ratdiffs, [ who were
Num. 18. appears from the Clofe Rolls of Henry the third. ennobled by Kingjames the firft (regn. 3.) in the
About thefe, there was a memorable Trial be- perfon of Sir Francis Ratdiffe of Diljlon in Nor-
tween Queen Elizabeth, and Thomas Percie Earl thumberland, under the title of Baron of Tin-
of Northumberland and Lord ot the Manour ; dale, Vifcount Ratcliffe and Langley, and Earl
but, by virtue of the Prerogative Royal (it ap- of Derwentwater. To Kefwick and the Parifh
Veins of go pearing that there were alfo Veins of gold and of Croflhwait (in which it lies) was given a
and filver. filver) it was carried in favour of the Queen. confiderable benefaction for the erefting of a
So far is it from being true, what Cicero has Manufacl:ure-houfe, and maintaining the Poor,
faid in his Epiftles to Atticus, It is well known, by Sir John Banks Knight, Attorney-General
is not fo much as a grain of filver in the
that there in the reign of King Charles the firft:, who (as

Ifland of Britain.Nor would Cxfar, if he had I take it) was born here. The Charity is ftill
known of thofe Mines, have told us, that the preferv'd, and well difpos'd of.l The Skiddaw,S\tidda.w, *
made ufe of imported Copper; when
Britains jufb now menticn'd, mounts up to the Clouds vei7 hi.g h

and fome others afford fuch plenty, that

thefe with its two tops, like another ParnaiTus, and mountain *

not only all England is fupply'd from them, but view s Scruffelt, a mountain of Anandal inScot- Ananc* a
r
''

great quantities are yearly exported. Here is land, with a kind of emulation. From the
alfo found abundance of that Mineral-earth, or Clouds riling or tailing upon thefe two moun-

Black-lead.
hard Chining Stone, which we call Blacklead, tains, thtTnhabitants judge of the weather, and
that is us'd by Painters in drawing their Lines, have this rhyme common among them :

\ MonocbrO' and t fhading their pieces in black and white

mala. Which, whether it be Diofcorides's Pnigitis, or If Skiddaw hath a cap, —
Melanteria, or Ochre (a fort of earth burnt So uffel wots full well of that.
black) for, was wholly unknown to the An
cientsjl is a point that I cannot determine, and As alfo another, concerning the height of this
fo (hall leave it to the fearch of others. fTh' and two other mountains in thofe parts :

people thereabouts call it Wadd. It is much

us'd in cleanfmg rufty Armour, having a parti- Skiddaw, LauvelUn, and Caflicand,
cular virtue for that purpofe. It is faid, there Are the highejl hills in all England. .

is a Mine of it in the Weft-Indies; but there

is no need of importing any for, as much may ; From thence the Derwent, fometimes broad
be dug here in one year, as will ferve all Eu- and fometimes narrow, rowls on to the North
rope tor feveral years. By the defcriptions i n great hafte, to receive the river Cokar.
which the ancient Naturalifts give us of the" Which two rivers at their meeting do almoft
Pnigitis, it does not feem, as if that and our furround Cokarmouth, a populous well-traded Cokar=
Black-lead were the fame ; for theirs agree bet- market-town, wh-,-re is a Caftle, Theretoforel mouth,
ter with the compolition of that black chalk of the Earls of Northumberland ; fand now
Oxfordjbire, mentioned by Dr. Plot. It may perhaps be al- of the Duke of Somerfet.l It is a town neatly
P- 5«> 57- low'd to fall rather under the Catalogue of built, but of a low" fituation, between two'
Earths, than either Metals or Minerals. But then. hills upon one is the Church ; and upon the
:

as Ruddle is acknowledged to be an Earth ftrong- other over-againft it f (which is evidently arti-

ly impregnated with the Steams of Iron ; fo is ficial)! a very ftrong Caflle, on the gates where-

this with thofe of Lead: as maybe made out of are the Arms of the Moltons, Hu?nfranvills i
Plnax Iter from its weight, colour, &c. Dr. Merret gives Lucies, and Pcrcies ; land for the better profpect
Nat. p. 1 it the name of Nigrica fabrilis ; telling us, that of which the forementioned Mount was raifed/1
it wanted a true one, till he beftow'd this on Over-againft this, on the other fide of the
at Kefmick and he further adds, that it is the river, fat about two miles diftance, are thej.^
it a]t ^ xn
:

peculiar product of Old and Neiu England.! ruins of an old Caftle, call'd Pap-Caftle; ihemtiUan.
The Derwent, falling through thefe mountains, Roman Antiquity whereof is attefted by feve- Pa P CaIile >
fpreads into a fpacious Lake, calfd by Bede ral Monuments. Whether this be the Guaf- Guafmoric,
morkj
 :

looj BRIG ANTES. 1008

mori(n which Ninnius tells us was built by King nerationis, the facred Laver of Regeneration)
Guortigern near Lugaballia, and that it was by the to which ufe it is now employ 'd at Bridkirke
old Saxons eall'd Palm-cafile, I fhall not deter- (i.e. the Church of St. Bridget) hard by j lean-
mine. Here, among other Monuments or An- not fay. Only, we read that Fonts were an-p tfa ^- HI
tiquity, was found a large open vefiel of greenifti ciently adornYi with the pictures of Holy Men,
Hone, with little images curioufly engraven upon whofe Lives were propos'd as a pattern to fucli
it: which, whether it was an Ewer towafhin, as were baptized. Beiides the pictures, there
or a Fout (eall'd by S. Ambrofe Sacrarlum Rege- are thefe ftrange Characters vifible upon it.

Rhtr/um

But what they mean, and to what nation Voucher ; if he had taken good notice of
they belong, let the learned determine ; for it the Imagery on the Eail fide of this Stone ;
is all myftery to me. The iirfb and eighth are as I doubt not, Sir, but you have done. We
not much unlike that, whereby the Cbriftians, have there, fairly represented, a perfon in along
from the time of Conftantine the Great, ex- Sacerdotal Habit dipping a Child into the wa-
prefs'd the name of Chrift. The reft, in ]ha$e3 ter; and a Dove (the Emblem, no doubt, of
not in power, come neareft to thofe upon the the Holy Ghoft) hoveriug over the Infant. Now,
tomb of Gorman the Danifh King_ at Idling Sir, I need not acquaint you, that the Sacra-

Denmark, which Petrus Lindebergius publihYd ment of Baptifm was anciently adminifter'd by
in the year 1501- ("Upon a later view of this plunging into the water, in the Weftern as well
;

it feemsvery plain that the figures are no other

as Extern parts of the Church and that the
;

than the Pictures of S. John Baptift, and our Gotbicword (^.A^nCAM, tne German word marij x _ g

Saviour baptized by him in the river Jordan tiattffen, the Danifo 3Doj)C, and the Belgici-nks 73j7
and I2
the defcent of the Holy Ghoft in the lhape of DOOpCUs do as clearly make out that pra£tice,
*

a Dove, is very plain; and as to the Infcrip- as the Greet word Bct^w: Nor, that they may
tion, it has been in great meafure cleared by all feem to be derived from fjTuwW] another
the learned Eiihop Ntcholfon, in the following word of the fame Language and fignjfication,
Letter, fent many years fince to Sir William and are evidently a-kin to our Englip) iDlp,
Dugdak : iDCCp, and iDeptfj. Indeed, our Saxon Ance-
ftors expreffed the Action of Baptifm by a
CarliJIe, Nov. 23. 1685 word of a different import from the reft. For,
Honour*& Sir, in the fore-mention'd place ol St. Mark's Go-

MY worthy and good Lord, our Bifhop, fpel, their Translation has the Text thus
was lately plenfed to acquaint me, that ic eop jrulhge on yxzejie, he eop pul'laS on
:

you were delirous to have my thoughts of the baJgum gapce, i. e. Ego vos aquis Baptiz.0 ille ;

Infcription on the Font at Bridekirk in this •vos Spiritu SanBo Baptiz.abit. Where the word
County. lam, Sir, extremely confeious of the pulhan or pulli^ean fignifies only fimply La-
rafhnefs of bringing any thing of mine to the vare : Whence the Latin word Ft<llo> and our
view of fo decerning an Antiquary j but, Fuller have their original. But to conclude
withal, very tender of disobeying fo great and from hence, that the Saxons did not ufe dipping
worthy a perfon. I know you were pleafed to in the Sacrament of Baptifm, is fomewhat too
make your own obfervations upon it, in your harfli an Argument.
Vifitationof thefe parts, when Nbrroy; and I 2. There are other Draughts on the North

{hall hope that you will give me an opportu- and Weft-fide of the Font, which may very
nity cf rectifying, by yours, my following con- probably make tor curpurpofe: but with thefe
jectures. ( as not thoroughly underftr.nding them, and
1. The Fabrick of this Monument does, 1 having not had an opportunity of getting them

think, fairly enough evince, that it is ChrifUan drawn in Paper ) I fhall not trouble you at
and that it is now ufed to the fame purpofc prefent.
for which it was at fitfr. defigned. Mr, Camden 3. On the South-fide of the Stone we have
(though not acquainted with the Characters or the Infcription, which I have taken care accu-
the Infcription, yet) f^cms to fsnfy thus much: rately to write out and it is as toliov-s
; ;

and, for proof cf his Opinion, brings a nota-

ble quotation cut of S. Panlinuss Epiiiles. But
he needed not to have fent us fo far off for a Now,
 ;

CUMBERLAND. IOIO
dent Arguments that the leutonick and Gau-
lijb Tongues were anciently near akin.

The Characters "Js £

and are manifefl ^
Abbreviations of feveral Letters into one j of
which fort we have great variety of examples in
feveral QilVorniiuss Books And fuch I take the
:

Letter £) to be, inftead of I and £ ; and

not the Saxon D. I mull believe to be bor-
Now, thefe kinds of Characters are well enough *"J

known (fince Ol. Wormiuss great Induftry_in rowed from

the Saxons ; and I take to be a ^
making us acquainted with ith thl^Literama
the 1 Ru- (corruption of their 7 or W. The reft has lit-
tle of difficulty in it. Only the Language ot
meet) to have been chiefly ufed by the Pagan
feeir.s a mixture of the Danijb and
Inhabitants of Denmark, Sweden, and the other the whole
that can be no other
Northern Kingdoms ; and the Danes arefaid Saxon Tongues ; but
than the natural effect of the two Nations be-
to have fwarmed moftly in thefe parts ofour
Jfland. Which two confiderations, feem weigh- ing jumbled together in this part of the World.
fight to Our Borderers, to this day, fpeak a leafh of Lan-
ty enough to perfuade any man at firft
guages ( Britijb, Saxon, and Danijb ) in one ;
conclude, that the Font is a Danijb Monument.
and it is hard to determine which of thofe
But then on the other hand, we are fufficient-
ly allured, that the Heathen
Saxons did alfo three Nations has the greateft fhare in the
make ufe of thefe Runx ; as is plainly evident Motly Breed. Thus far the toreiaid learned
from the frequent mention of Run-cpazjxisen Perfon.l
and Run-f-ajrar in many of the Monuments
of that Nation, both in Print and Manufcript,
The places laft mentioned, with the fourth
Befides, we mufl not for- part of the Barony of Egremond,
rigton, Leufe- H
(till to be met with.

get that both Danes and Saxons are

indebted to •water, Afpatric, Uldal, Sec. were the large inhe-
this Kingdom for their Chriflianity
and there- ritance of Mawd Lucy, heir ot Anthony Molton or
:

their pretentions to a Runic (Chn- de Lucy her brother ; which fhc gave to Henry
fore thus far
itian) Monumentmay be thought equal, jbv Percy Earl of Northumberland, her husband.
and For tho' file had no iflue by him, yet (he left
^
deed fome of the Letters ( as J), f )
the family of Percie her heir, upon condition
ieem purely Saxon, being not to be met with
among JVormims many Alphabets and the that they fhould bear the Arms of the Lucies,
:

namely, 'Three pikes or Lucy-fijf) in a field gules, Anns of the

words themfelves ( if I miftake them not )
quarterly with their own or, to ufe the words Lae*f! anti
come nearer to the ancient Saxon Dialect, than
:

"'
the Danijb. However, let the Inscription fpeak of the original Inftrument, Upon condition of bear-
for it felt" and I queftion not but it will con- ing her Arms in a field gules three Pikes or Lu-
:

cies, quarter d with thofe of the Percies Or, a Li-

vince any competent and judicious Reader, that
itis Danijb. Thus therefore I have ventur'd on azure ; * and the condition was enfore'd by a* Perfiaem
Fine. Zevata'
to read and explain it
After thefe rivers are united, the Derwent
ban men egroEren, and red falls into the Sea at Wirkinton, famous for the Wirkinton.
Er Ekard to 1 ;

wer latter men brogten, i. e. Salmon-fidiing. It is now the feat of the an-
cient knightly family of the Curwens, defended

Here Ekard was converted and to this Man's

;
from Gofpatrick Earl of Northumberland ; who
example were the Danes brought. took that name, by covenant, from Culwen aCulwen.com-
family of Galloway, the heir whereof they had
m ™ l > Cur 'i
are only two things in the Infcripti- marry'd.
Here they have a (lately caftle-like
There
on (thus interpreted) that will need an Expla- feat;
and from this family (excuie the vanity)
nation. I my felf am defended by the mother's- fide.
Some are of opinion, that fVojn hence Stili-

1. Who this Ekard was. And this is indeed co carry'd a Wall fome four miles, tor defence Under Hono-
confefs I of the Coaft in fuch places as we're moft conve-rius and Ar-
a Queftion of that difficulty, that I catilus *
am not able exactly to anfwer it. The proper nient for landing at what time; the Scots from ;

For' thus Ciaudian

name it felf is ordinary enough in the Nor- Ireland infefted thefe
parts.
fpeak ot her felf
Hiftories, though varioufly written: as, makes Britain
:
thern
1

Echardm, Echinardm, Eginardus, Ecardus, and

Eckhardus. It is certainly a name of Valour, as Ms quoque vicinis pereuntem, gentibus, in-

allothers of the like termination ; fuch as Bern- quit,

So that Munivit Stilico, totam cum Scotus Hiber-
hard, Ever hard, Gothard, Reinhard, &c.
it may well become a General, or other
great nem
Officer in the Danijlo Army : and fuch we have Movit, & infefio fpumavit remige 'Thetis.

him to have been, who is

juft rcafon to believe
heredrawn into an example for the reft of his And I (hall ever own his happy care,
Countrymen. Our Hiftorians are not very par- Who fav'd me finking in unequal war :

ticular in their accounts of the feveral Incurfi- When Scots came thund'ring trom the Irifb

ons and Victories of the Danes, and their own Chores,

writers are much more imperfect : and therefore, And th' Ocean trembled, ftruck with hoflile

in cafes of this nature, we muft content our oars.

felves with probable conjectures.

And pieces of broken walls continue to the •

2. Han men egroB-.n ; which, render *d verba-

mouth of Elen, now Elne ; which, within a
tim, is Have men turnd, i. e. was turn'd. A
little of its head, hath lerby, a tolerable Mar-Ierby.

phrafe, to this day, very familiar in moil dia- ket. I am of opinion, that this was the Ar- .. . .

lects of the ancient Celtic tongue, though loft beia

where the Barcarii Tigrienfes were garrifon'd. Eienbor-
in our Englijh. In the High-Dutch it is efpeci- At its mouth it has Elenborrough, i.e. a hurrough r^ugh.
firft Cohort ot the Dal-
ally obvious ; as, Man Saget, Man hat gefagt, upon the Elen, where the
Man lobet, &c. and the French imperfonals {On matians, with their Commander, was garrifon'd.
It was feated on a pretty high hill, from whence
dit, On fait, &c.) are of the fame drain; and evi-
.

6 M is
 ion BRIG ANTES. 1012
is a large profpeft into the Irifh-fea; but now ties ; when he and I, to difcover the Rarities
Corn grows where the Town flood. Yet there of our native Country, took a furvey of thefe
are ftiil plain remains of it ; old Vaults are parts, with great pleafure and fatisfaction, in
open'd, and feveral Altars, Infcriptions, and the year of our Lord 1599. I could not but
Statues, are dug-up. All which, that worthy make an honourable mention of the * Gentle-* Mr. sin.:
Gentleman J, Sinbous (in whofe Fields they man I juft now
fpoke of; not only becaufe he&tfc.
FC * were ^ U S~ U P very religioufly, and
) t kept entertain'd us with the utmoft civility, but
Ik '
*r-
fK.eeps,C.p]
ac »j
tnem t ie wa lls of his houfe.
re g U i ar jy J n ] alfo becaufe he f had a veneration for Anti-fHas, C.
In the middle of the yard, frauds a beautiful quities (wherein he was well skill'd, ) and!! Is, C.
\\

fquare Altar of red Stone, the work of which
is old and very curious ; it is about five foot
high, and the characters upon it are exceeding
fair. But take the figure of it on all fides, as
itwas curioufly drawn by Sir Robert Cotton of thefe ftudies.
Conningtm Knight, a great admirer of Antiqui-
with great diligence * preferved fuch Infcrip-*Prefcrve Sj C.
tions as thefe, which by other ignorant people
in thofe parts are prefently broken to pieces, and
turn'd to other ufes, to the great detriment of

In the Infcription every thing is plain only, VAS. Which two words puzzle me ; and I
:

in the laft line but one, ET

and jEDES have can make nothing of them, unlefs the Decurio*-
rwo letters joyn'd in one. At the bottom, it nes, Equitesy and the Plebs (of which three the
is imperfect ; poffibly to be reftor'd thus, DE- Municipium confifled) did ereft it to G. Corneli-
CVRIONVM ORDINEM RESTITVIT,
us Peregrinus (who reftor'd the Houfes, Temples,
Decurianes. &c. Thefe Decurianes were the fame in the and the Decurio's) by way of or Prayer Vow
Ifidor.1.9. Mmticipiay as Senators were at Rome and in the that this their Benefactor might live at Volan-
* ** Colonies. They were fo call'd from Curia the tium. From which I would conclude (if allow-
Court, wherein they prefided ; from whence al- ance may be made for a conjecture ) that tins
fo they were nam'd Curiales, as having the chief place was formerly call'd Volantium. Under- Volantiun.
management of all Court or Civil Affairs. neath it, are engraven facrificing Inftruments,
On the back-fide of this Altar, and the up- * a fort of axe, and a long chopping-knife. On* Dolabra, V
per edge, you fee there is VOLANT1I VI- the left-fide, a mallet and. a jugg on the right, feceff' Ja : '

ft pa-
 : :

iO! CUMBERLAND. 1014.

a patera or gobbler., a difh,and a pear (if I judge
aright,) though others will have it to be a Ho-
ly-water-pot. For thefe were the vefiels us'd Dis, Deabufque Publius Poflbumms Acilianus Prx-
in their facrifices befides others, fuch as the
; feBus Cobortu prima Delmatarum.
Cruet, Cenfer, the Open-pot, the Miter, &c. which
Simpuium,
Tburibulnm. I obferv'd to be engraven upon other Altars in
Such Altars as thefe (for we may make our
Futile, apex thofe parts. The fecond Altar delineated here,
Sacerdot&IU.
Obfervations upon thofe Rites, though Chri-
was dug-up at Old Carlile, and f remain'd in
Pagn.n Altars. ftianity has happily abolifh'd them) as alfo
the houfe of the Barboufes fnow the Kirkbys,
+ Is now, C. their victims, and themfelves too, they us'd to
at Ilkirk [but is, I believe, removed to Drum-
',

crown with Garlands, and to ofter frankin-

high in this County.! It had many Ligatures,
cenfe and wine and flay their facrifices upon
or connexions of Letters ; which the Engraver
them, and to anoint the very Altars. Of theGentile-Al-
has given you pretty exactly. It feems to be
demolishing of which, upon the prevailing oftars«
read thus
Chriftianity, Prudentius writes thus :

yovi Optimo Maximo. Ala Augufla ob virtutem

appehata, cut praejl Publius JElius, Publii fili- Exercere mamim rum peenhet, & lapis iUic
us Sergia Magnus de Marfa ex Pannonia injeriore Si fletit amiquus, quern cingere fueverat
PrafeBust Aproniano (and perhaps} Brad.ua error
Conjulibus. Fafciolis out gallina fulmone rigare,
Frangitur. -
r _ The third Altar, inferib'd to the Local Dei-
tnsdus, in ty Belatucadrus, is to be read thus !

the year of Nor fpar'd they pains if thus their zeal

our Lord * Captain they fhow'd,
Belatucadro Julius Civ$S Optio (i. e.

of the Guard) votum folvit libens merito. way fome ancient Altar flood,
If in their

Pnefellia.
Oft deck'd with ribbands, fprinkled oft
The fourth (which is the faireft ) has no- with blood,
thing of difficulty in it. It is to be read Down went the facred Stone. .;

thus :

Ac the fame place, I faw alfo the following Infcriptions :

PROS A -

ANTONINI AV-PII F
* Publii fill- P. AVLVS * P. F. PALATINA
POSTHVM1VS ACILIANVS
PRjEF. COH. I. DELMATAR.

* Diit Mani- *DM DM.

htts. INGENVI. AN. X. MORI REGIS
IVL. SIMPLEX PATER FILII HEREDES
* Faciendum *F C. EIVS SVBSTITVE
curavit. RVNTVIX.A. LXX,

HIC EXSEGERE FATA DM DM

- - ENVS SC GERMA - LVCA. VIX IVLIA MARTIM
—S REG VIX. AN ANN A. VIX. AN
S VIX. AN - - - - IS XX. XII III D. XX H.
IX-

There is alfo a Stone very curioufly engraven, upon which are two winged-Gfenn, fnpporting
a Garland, in this manner

V 1 C T 0»
r BRIG ANTES.
I 1015
1016

^a^ss^^^^^^^^nsscssm^ssBissf^
i

VICTORIAE 1

. Victoria Augufiorum Daminorum noflrorum.

After the Shore has run a little way in a Miracles done by him. Below this Monaftery,
(height linefrom hence, it bends in with a wind- the bay receives the little Waver, encreas'd by
ing and crooked bay, which therefore feems to the IVi^e, a fmall river ; at the head of which
Morfcambe. be tne Morkambe, that Ptolemy fixes hereabouts : the melancholy ruins of an ancient City teach
That nothing in this world out of the
fuch agreement there is between the nature of us, is

theplace and the name. For this jeftuary is crooked, reach of 'Fate. By the neighbouring Inhabi-

and Morkambe fignifies in Britifll a crooked Sea. tants it is call'd Old Carlifle ; but what its an-
Holme-Cul. Up on this, is the Abbey of Ulme, or Holme-Cul- cient name was, I know not, unlefs it was the
trainc.
tmim> foun d e d by David the firft, King of Caflra Exfloratorum. Thediftancein Antoninus Cattra Ex-
Scotland: but Vulfley, a Fort hard by, was (who gives us the molt confiderable places, but ploratorum.
tl, '

built by the Abbots, for the fecuring of their does not always go to them by the ,'•> rteft a y)°;.
'^f're w
* f e

Treafure, their Books, and their Charters, both from Bulgium and Lugti-vallum, exactly und r j^
the fudden incurfions of the Scots.
againft anfwers. For fpying of an Enemy, you could pills Wii.
C
Here, they fay, * were long preferved the Ma-
" not have a more convenient place; for it is
vr if "l 'I'

rcw,C.'gick-Books of Michael Scot, \ till they were
tBut
mouldering to duft. He was a Monk of this
place about the year 1 2510, and apply'd himfelf
fo clofely to the Mathematicks, and other ab-
1
feated on a high hill, which commands a free
profpect round the Country. However, it is
very certain, that the Ala or Wing (nam'd
Ala Angiitis
Augufla, and Augufla Gordiana,) did quarter
herein the time oi Qordiamu ; as appears by "™?^-

ftrufe parts of Learning, that he was generally

look'd on as a Conjurer : and a vain credulous thofe Infcriptions which I faw in the neigh-

humour has handed down I know not what bourhood :

* Jovi Optimo * I OM DM
max'tmo.
ALAAVG. OB MABLI
...RTVT. APPEL. CVI NIVSSEC
PRfEST TIB. CL. TIB. P F. VNDV S
IN- G- N IVSTINVS EQ.VIS
PRAEF. FVSCIANO ALE AVG
I1SILANOIICOS. STE STIP
I O M
PROSALVTE IMPERATORIS
M. A N T O N GORDIANI. F.
I P.

INVICTI AVG ET SABINIAETR

IAE TRANQVILE CONIVGI EIVS TO
TAQVE DOMV DIVIN. EORVM A-
LA AVG. GORDIA. OB VIRTVTEM
APPELLATA POSVIT: CVI PR.EEST
AEMILIVS CRISPINVS PRAEF.
AFRICA DE
EOO NATVS IN PRO NONNII
TVIDROSVBCVR PH
LIPPI LEG AVG- PROPRETO
ATTICO ET PR£TEXTATO Anno Ckrifl,

COSS. 243-

is no appearance of Let-
Infcriptions, that there
And the Altars were brought from hence,
*A re c vvhich * were fet up in the High-way at Wigton; ters. And not tar from hence, upon the Mili-
>

C
'

Me w hcrcof one fces a t Chalice, a taryWay, was dug-up a Pillar of rude itone, Is,
tSimrtum ° n the
||
5

ttjSfc, JMSri Melter, a Mallet, a Platter, &c. facnficing which was to be feen at Thoreiby, with this Thorobr.
||

veflels : but Age has fo entir«ly worn out the

m, Faun Infcription :

IMP
 ; : j

oi7 CUMBERLAND. io\H

why they ihould be (o careful to fortihe this
place, when it is fenced by a vdft arm of the
IMP CAES Sea, which comes up fome eight miles; but
M. I V L. now I underfland, that at low-water it- is fp
PHILIPPO {hallow, .that the Robbers and Plunderers made
nothing of fording it. That the figure of the
PIO FELI Coaft hereabouts has been alter 'd, appears plain-
CI ly from roots of Trees covered over with Sand
A VG at a good diftance from the fliore, which are
ET M. IVL. PHI often difcover'd when the Tide is driven back
LIPPO NOBILIS by ftrong Winds. I know not whether it be
worth while to obferve, what the Inhabitants
SIMO CAES tell you, of Subterraneous Trees without boughs,Trees aaiei
T R. P.COS... which they commonly dig-up discovering them ground. ;

by the Dew, which never lies upon the ground

that covers them.
This alfo, among others> was copy'd out Upon the fame Frith, a little more inward, Drumbough-
Ann. 1607. for me by * Ofviald Dykes, a very learned Di- cafile
is Drumbough-CaHle, of f late days the poiieiTion
-

Wardal, vine ; and is now at Warded, the feat of his of the Lords of Dacre, [and at prefent of the+ So iid,
brother "T. Dykes, a Gentleman of great note : 1607.
Lord Vifcount Lonfdale; but formerly a Sta- I

tion of the Romans. Some will have it to be

the \\CaJlra Exploratorwn, but the diftances wiltjj Dr. Gale,
DEO by no means allow it. ["Here are many Roman p 36. makes
SANCTO BELA Monuments, which were collected by %hn Jgli- the & the
(ime

TVCADRO onby
,
J

above-mention
d.
. , ,r 1
t.
-.

i here was alio another ^I

m|l
uxs \ am,
with Blaturxo

A VRELIVS Roman Station, a change of the name

which by

For Jlram DIATOVA jARA E is Burgh upon Sands (to diftinguilh Burgh upsn
at prefent call'd
it from Burgh underStanemorein Westmorland,)
[Sands,
I

VQtO. X VOTO POSVIT from whenCe the neighbouring tract is call'd the 1307.
LL. MM. Barony of Burgh. This, by Mefchines, Lord of
Cumberland, was beftow'd upon Robert de
Tri'uers, and from him came to the * Morvills ;* The Mor-
And to another Local Deity was found this thelaft of whom, Hugh, left a daughter, Who*" 1 ""'^
r
Infcription annex'd; by her fecond husband Thomas de Molton had^ *^"£
Thomas Molton, Lord of this place, and father of Lib. Inq.
DEO that Thomas, who by marriage with the heir

CEAI IO AVR of Hubert de \ Valhbus, joined Gilhfland to his-f Vau1*«

other pofleflions ; all which were carry'd by
*H RTI. ETMS Mawd Molton to Ranulph de Dacre. But this
ERVRACIO PRO little Town is noted for nothing morei than
5 E ET'SVIS. V. S. the untimely death ot King Edward the firft,Edw, t:

LL. M. had triumph'd over his enemies on all

after he
fides. He was a Prince exceeding glorious in ;

whole valiant breail the fpirit of God as it

Befides thefe, an infinite number of little were pitch'd his Tent ; and as by his courage,
Images, Statues on horfeback, Eagles, Lyons, Gany- and wifdom of mind, fo alfo by his gracefulnefs
meds, with many other evidences of Antiquity of body, he arofe to the higheit pitch of
Soltnay-Frhh are daily dug-up. A little higher, there jets Majefty. Providence exercis'd his youth with
jy the Scots. out a fmall Promontory below which is a large
; conitant wars and difficulties, to fit him lor the
arm of the Sea, the boundary ar prefent of Government of England; which, after he came
England and Scotland, but formerly, of the to it, he adminifler'd fo nobly, by conquering
Roman Province and the Pi&s, Upon this the Welfh, and fubduing the Scots, that he
Blatuiii-Bul- ii tt e Promontory, is that old Town Blatum-
i
juflly deferves the Character of one of the
Stunt
Bulgium (pofTibly from the Britifh Bulch, fig- greareft Glories of Britain. [At the very place
nifying a partition or divorce) ixom which, as the where this brave and valiant King expir'd (the
place moft remote, and the Limit of the Province memory whereof had been prelerv'd by fome
of Britain, Antoninus beginsgreat ftones roll'd upon it) is erefted a very
his Itinerary.
Bulnefs. The Inhabitants at this day call it Bulnefs, and rair fquare Pillar, nine yards and a hall in
though it is but a very fmall village, yet has it height. On
the Weft tide of it is this Infcrip-
Muniraen- a Port, and (as a teflimony of its antiquity)
tion, in large Roman Letters :
turn*
befides the tracks of ftreets and pieces of old
Vails, it has a harbour, now choak'd up and ; Memoria dterfta Edvardi 1. Regis Angliti
they tell you, a pav'd
Caufey ran along the ionge clarijfimi, qui in Belli apparatu contra
fliore, from hencej as far as Elenborrow. THere Scotos occupatus, hie in Cajhis obiit, 7 7«/w
are alfo frequently found Roman Coins and In- A. D. 1507.
fcriptions and not long fince, was dug-up a
;

fmall brazen figure of a Mercury, or a ViBory On the South-fide

which came into the pofleflion of John Aglionby
Efq; a curious preferver of all fuch valuable Nobiliffnmts Princeps, Henricus Howard;
remains of Antiquity*! A mile beyond this Dux Norfolcix, Comes Mare(l?all. Anglia,
(as appears by the Foundations at low water) Comes Arund. &c ah Edvardd 1 .
Regt
begins the Pitis-zuall, that famous work of the Angliaoriimdus P. itfSj.
Romans; which was formerly the boundary of
the Province, and was built to keep out the On the North-fide :

Barbarians, who in thofe parts were (as one

* Circumla.
tfavcrunt.
exprefles it) continually * barking and fnarling Johannes Aglionby J. C. EC [i.e. Jurif-
at the Roman Empire. I was amaz'd at firft, cenfuhus, fieri fetiti)
e n t m
 ;

1019 BRIG ANT ES. 1020

J it belong'd to the Bifhops of Durham; but
when Anthony Bee, Bifhop of that See, was
That is,
grown haughty and infolent by reafon of his
exct'flive wealth, Edward the
firft (as we read in
To the eternal memory of Edward the firli
the book of Durham) took from him Werk in
the moil- famous King of England, who
Tividale, Perith, and the Church
qf' Simondbume.
amidlr, his warlike Preparations againfl: the
For the benefit of the Town, W. Strickland
Scots, died here' in the Camp,
7 July, Bifhop of Carliile, defcended from
a famous
A. D. 1307. family in thofe parts, did at his own charge
draw hither a Chanel or Water-courfe, from
Peterill, or the Little River Peter ; f which falls
The moll Noble Prince, Henry Howard, Duke from
the Peat-Mo((es in the Fells about Gray-
of Norfolk, Earl Marihal of England,
ftock, and is fo called from them. In the
Earl of Arundel, &c. defcended from
Church-yard at Penrith, on the North-fide of
Edward the firft, King of England, placed
the Church, are erected two large PiUars of
this Monument, 1685.
about four yards in height each, and about five
yards diftant one from the other. It is faid,
John Aglionby, a Lawyer by Profeffion, caus'd that they were fet in memory of one Sir
Ewen
it to be made.]
Cccfarius Knight, in old time a famous warriour
of great Strength and ftature, who liv'd in thefe
The Inhabitants fay, that under the forefaid parts, and kill'd wild Boars in the foreft of
Burgh, in the very seftuary, there was a Sea- Englewood, which much infefted the
Country.
fight between the Scotch and Englifh ; and He was bury'd here,
.

they fay, and was of fuch

*{ Reverfo
tnat | w [ie n the Tide came in, the difpute was a prodigious ftature, as to reach from
x "" one pillar
managed by the Horfe which feems no lefs to the other; and they tell you that the
:
rude
Grange than what Pliny relates, with great ad- figures of Bears which are in itone, and erected,
miration, of luch another place in Caramania. two on each fide cf his Grave,
between the
Sbhvay- This seftuary is call'd by both Nations Solway- Pillars, are in memory of his great Exploits
Fritb; from Solway, a Town of the Scots that upon thefe Creatures,
Fritb.'
On the North out-fide
Hands upon it. But Ptolemy calls it more pro- of the Veftry in the wall, in rude Characters,
huna. perly Ituna; for the Ei dm, a very noble river, is this writing, for a Memorandum
to pofterity.
Eiden,
which winds by Weilmorland and thro' the inner Fait peftis, &c. L e. There -was a plague,
'•

A. D-
parts of this County, falls into it with a vaft 150S, of which there died at Kendal
2500, at
Hift. Mail- body of waters; ftill remembering the obftructi-
Richmond 2200, at Penrith 2266, and at Car-
ons it met with from the carcafl'es of the Scots lifle 1 196. And the Church-Regifter, in the
in the year 1216, when it drown'd them, with neighbouring Parifh of
Edenhal, takes notice
their loads of Englifh fpoils, and fwallowed up alfo of torty two perfons dying the
fame year of
that plundering Crew. the Plague, in that little Village. Thefe in-
The Ituna or Eiden, as foon as it enters *his stances are the more remarkable, becaufe none
Eimot, rlv. County, receives from the weft the river Eimot-, of our Hiftorians
fpeak of any fuch general
flowing out of the Lake call'd U/fe (or Ulfe- Diftemper in the Kingdom, at that time.1
•water) which I mention 'd before. Near the Upon the bank of Petertl, la.? f Plimpton-Park,^ Call'd once
bank of which, upon the little river jQacor, is very large, and formerly fet apart by the Kingstf*^ d:
DacrcCaflle. Datre-Caftle, noted in latter ages for giving
of England for the keeping of Deer, but by phMP ton '

BaronsDaere. name to the family of the Barons de Dacre, and King Henry the eighth
prudently planted with The parkl
mention'd by Bede as having a Monaftery in his men ; being almoft a frontier between
England
time ; as alio by Malmesbury, for being the and Scotland. i'Not, that King Henry'
the
.place where Cmftantine King of the Scots, and eighth firft of all peopled it
; he only gave
Eugenius King of Cumberland, put themfelves greater freedom and liberty to the Inhabitants,
and their Kingdoms under the protection of by distorefting it, and there were as many
the Englifh King Athelftan. THere is a Cattle Pariflies and Townfhips in it before his time,
{landing, which hath formerly been a magni- as are fince. Hutton and Edenhall were Pariflies
ficent Building, and a feat of the Family ; but in the time of Henry the firft,
and given by
no remains ol a Monaftery : nor doth it ap- him to the Cathedral at Carliile, and fo was
pear by any Records to have been ftanding IVedderhall, Warwick, Laz,onby, Skelton, Sowerby,
Dalemayn. fi ncc the Conqueft. Near Dacre, is Dale- St. Maries, St. Cuthberts, Carliol and Dalfton
mayn, the Maniion-houfc of the Hajfels, and Parifhes, at or near the time of the Con-
holden of the Barony of Grayftock in Cor- queft, and all in the foreft of Englewood,
or
nage-1 bordering very near upon it. It was fixteen miles
Somewhat higher, at a little diftance from the length, reaching from Penrith to Carlifle;
confluence of Eimot and Loder (at which is the Hand Edward the firft, when he was hunting
in |(Chron
* King Arthur s 'Table) ftands La _
f See Weft- round trench call'd this foreft, is faid to have kill'd two hundred Here.
'

foreland. p em itb, in Britifh a red hill or bead ;

for the Bucks in one day.l Near this, I faw feveral
ground hereabouts, and the ftonc of which it is remains of a demolished City, which, for its
built, are both reddijb. fThis, according to nearnefs to Perith, they call Old Perith: I
fhould
Dr. Gale, is the Voreda of Antoninus.l It is rather take it to be the Petriam. For, that the Petrian-e.
Pentli. commonly call'd Perith, and is a noted little Ala Petriana was quarter'd here, is plain
from
market-town fortify'd on the weft with a the fragment of an old Infcription
;
which one
Royal Caftle, which, in the reign of Henry the VIpius Trajanus, a Penfionary of the
f fame^/a+ Emeritus;
J- This is 1 lixth, f was rcpair'd out of the ruins of Ma- Petriana, fet up. But take "this, with fome
hm a I "
a!lifll Temple hard by, Tand is now others which I copy'd out here
m ruins ?
Carl^Bift^' .
$> . I

7
Northimb. felf. It is adorn'd with a pretty
it ]
j

MS. par. 6. handfomc Church, and has a large Market-place

Roman
i|
1
with a Town-houfe of w ood for the conve- r

t,
nience of the Market-people, which is beauti-
fy'd with Bears climbing up a ragged
ftaff,
Device of the Earls of Warwick. Formerly,
the GAD V-
 r

102 1 CUMBERLAND. ro22

D M.

AICETVOS MATER
GADVNO VIXIT t A XXXXV \ Annos.
VLP TRAI ET LATTIO FIL-VIX
EM. AL. PET A XII. LIMISIVS
MARTIVS CONIV. ET FILIjE
* Haply, * F P. C. PIENTISSIMIS
Faciendum
pracuravit.
POS VIT

D M.

FLMARTIO SEN
t Poffibly, IN C CARVETIOR
in CcborK. QVESTORIO
f

VIXIT AN XXXXV
MARTIOLA FILIA ET
HERES PONEN
II C V RA V I T

DM CROTILO GERMANVS VIX

ANIS XXVI. GRECA VIX ANIS IIII
* Fratr'i C5
fi.
VINDiCIANVS * FRA. ET F1L. TIT. PO.
Use Thulum
pofuit.

("Half a mile above the confluence of Eden and abfeonding place ; Rf not, for fome Hermits to
Eimot, on the very bank of the former, is a lodge in, being near the Monaftery. Thefe
A Grotto. Grotto of two rooms, dug out of the rocks, and Caves are in a rock of difficult Accefs, and are
call'd IfisParli/h ; to which there is a difficult two rooms, one within the other, each about
and In former times it was five or fix yards fquare.l
periUous paflage. Next, Eden runs by
certainly a place of ftrength and fecurity ; for Warwic, which I take to be the old Vtrofidum Warwick
3
it had Iron-gates belonging to it, which were where the fixth Cohort of the Nerv'ii formerly Virofidum.
{landing not many years lince.l kept garrifon along the WaUt againft the Pitts
After Eden has rtceiv'd the Eimot, it haftens and Scots. In the f laft age, there was built So faicJ
+
to the north, by little inconfiderable villages here a very ftrong {lone-bridge, «t the expence ann. 1607'.
Salkelds. and Forts, to the two Salkelds. At Little Sal- of the Salkelds and Rjcbmonds; And fo, by L/b- Linitoc,
keld there is a circle of Stones, feventy feven in jloc, a caftle of the Bifhops of Carliile within
number, each ten foot high ; and before thefe, the Barony of Crosby, which Waldeve, fon of Crosbv .
at the entrance, is a fingle one by it felf, fit- Earl Gofpatrick and Lord of AUerdah, gave to
teen foot high. This the common people call the Church of Carlifie. The prefent name (I
Long-Megg. Long-Megg, and the reft her daughters j and fanfy) is a remain or Olenmum, For, the O/e-oienacum.
within the circle are two heaps of ftones, under nacumj where the Ala prima Herculea lay in gar-
•which they fay there are dead bodies bury'd. rifon againft the Barbarians, ieems to have been,
And indeed it is probable enough, that this along the Wall.
has been a Monument erected in memory of And now Eden, ready to fall into the JEflua-
fome victory, But, as to thofe heaps in the ry, receives two little rivers at the fame place,
i

middle, they are no part of the Monument, but PeteriU and Caude, which tun parallel from thepeterill and
have been gathered off the ploughed Lands ad- fcuth. Upon the PeteriU, belldeS the PetrianaCauds/i vers.
joyning, and ( as in many other parts of the ready fpoken of, is Greyfiock, the Caitle of a
.1

County) throw n-up here, in a wafte corner of family which has been long famous, deriving
the Field. And as to the occafmi of it ; both its original from one Ralph FitK-Walter. Of
this, and Rolricb-ftones m
Oxfordshire, are fup- whole pofterity, William de Greyfiock marry 'd Greyfiock.
pofed by many to have been Monuments erected Mary daughter and coheir ot Roger de Merley
at ^e iolemn Inveftiture of fomeDanilh Kings, Lord of Morpath. He had a ton, John, who
4- Worm 1. i.

c. 12. S, J. ano cf tne fame kind as the Kor.g-flolen in having no itlue, obtain'd Licence of King Ed-
-

Steph.Not. ad Denmark, and Morejieen in Sweden ; con- ward the firft, to make over his ellate to his
Sax. Gram, corning which, feveral lame t Difcourfes have * Coulin
Ralph de Gramhorpe fon of William, * Ex amit*
whofe pofterity for a long time tlourifh'd here««*«-
at. Nobil. From thence the Eden pafles by Kirk-Ofaald, in great honour. But about the reign of Henry
5uee. p. io8. dedicated to St. Ofwald, and formerly the pof- the feventh, that family expir'd, and the ellate
X' fe& 01fl ot tnflt Hl %h ^orvil, who with his Ac- came by marriage to the Barons of Dacre ; the
'

V°A(h° 3
h; u r\?i .?M* complices
JVirK-Uiwctla. i
murdered
.
Thomas
.-
Archbifliop
- ^
of Can- heirs general of the laft of whom, were mar-
terbury ; in memory of which tact, the {word ry'd to two fons of T'homas Howard, f late Duke t So r? ld »
aDn " l6 ° 7 *
he then us'd was prefervM here for a long time: of Norfolk.
. Arman- Then, by Armanthwayte, fnot long fmce] the fBelow Gray/lock, upon the banks of Peteril,
"
th wa
io r by ' c fti e
Caftie ot thc skeltm ' and Cwi>y> a ^
aftIe here_ lies Blencovj, belonging to an ancient and wor-BIencqw.
1

'tofore1 of the noble and ancient family of the thy family of that name. Here is a very good
Salkelds (which was much enrich'd by marriage Grammar-School, founded and endow 'd by
with thc heir of Rofgil fbut now of the How- "Thomai Bourbank, a pi-rion of piety and lear- 2oEK2.
Wetherall. ar ds 1 Then, by WetheraU, formerly a little ning, who was born in the
.-
Town, and had
Monaftery (the daughter of St. Mary's in York,) himtelf been a School-mafter.~1
iT ,. . where you fee a fort of houfes du£ out of Near the Caude, befidesthe Copper-mines at
Mnpafugu
locu
rockj t cf£ ^
feem to have been defign'd * for an Caudebec, is Highyate, a Caftle ot the Richtnonds ; HIgliyate.
fFrom
 )

tg^^m^^^m

JO23 BRIG ANTES. 1024.

[From whence the river runs to Button-halh^wci- Countryman Leland taken about it and at lail
!

ently the polJeffion of a family of that name :

he is driven upon this fhifr, that fcuna might
of whom it was purchase! by the Fletchers, who be call'd Lugui, and that Balltttn came from
have fo much improved it in buildings, walks. Valhs, a valley; and fo makes Lugu vallum as
gardens, &c. that now it is one of the plea- much as a 'valley upon the Luge. But (to give
lanteft feats in this Country. It was lately my
Conjecture alfo) I dare affirm that the Val-
the dwelling-place of Sir George Fletcher, Baro- lum and Vallia were deriv'd from that famous
net, to whole care and contrivance it military Vallum of the Romans, w hich runs
is chiefly :

beholden for its Improvements. The eftate is hard by the City. For Antoninus calls Lugu-
f Efcaet de within the Baia de Plompton, and f held of the vallum, Ad vallum ; and the P/cis-wall, which
An. 5 H. 7. King by this Service amongft others, that the was afterwards built upon the Wall of Seuerus,
Lord ot Button, fhall Tenere fiippam fella Domi- is to be feen at Stanwicks, a fmall village, a lit-
ni Regis, dum eqtmm fuum in Cajiro juo Carholi tle beyond the Eden,, over which there is now
fcanderit, i.e. hold the King's Stirrup, when he a wooden bridge. It pafs'd the river over-a-
mounts hishorfe in his Caftle of Carlifle.l Near gainft the Caftle, where1 , in the very chanel,
theCWe, alfo, * is a beautiful Caftle of the Bi the remains of it ( namely, great ftones, ) ap-
Role -Caftle. fhops of Carlifle, call'd The Rofe-Cafile : this pear to this day. Alfo, Pomponius Mela hasz«<-» f and
Ctjngavata. feems to have been the old Congavata, where told us, that Lugm or Litem fignify'd a Tower -*•«?<<*, what
the fecond Cohort of the Lergi were in garri- among the old Celts, who fpokc the fame Lan- the X Sg/aSfy'i
fori ; for Congavata fignines in Britifh, a Vale guage with the Britains. For, what Antoni-^"^
g r £_
upon the Gavata, which name is now contracted nus calls Lugo Attgufli, is in him Turns Augufli jtain-; and
into Cauda. But I have not yet been able to fo that Lugu-vallum both really is, and fignines, Gauls.
mark out the exact place where it was feated. a tower or fort upon the wall or vallum. Upon
fin the time of the Civil wars, this Caftle was' this foundation, if the French had made their
.Ann. 1652. burn'd down by order of Collonel Beveringham- Lugdunum fignihe a tower upon a hill, and their Lugdunum.
What was {landing of it at the Rcftoration, Dr. Lucotetia (lo the Ancients called what we call Lucotetia or
Stern, then Bifhop, repair'd, and made habita- Lutetia) a beautiful tower (for the words import J- Utel ' a tn
Dr. Rainbow his fuccellor, built a Chapel, fomuch in the BritiihOJ they F r e An
ble. J
might rpolTibiyJ old,T .
'

9 . , Itinerary
, , . .

and put the Houfe in a much better condition. have been more in the right, than by deriving a to >- pub 1 1

Dr. Thomas Smith, the late BHhop added a new the latter from Latum dirt, and the former from lifli'd fays
Tower to the former building ; and by the great one Lugdus a fabulous 'King, f As to the pre- that Lugiu-
nu ™ 'S ni " es
expence he was at in altering and beautifying, fent name, Carlifle ; the original of this is plain
(

has made it a very convenient Houfc but it is enough, from the Brmfli Caer a City, and Lu- mouatai„.
ftill far iriortofits former magnificence. King ul, Luel, Luguabal, Leil, or Lv.il (according to

Edward the fuft m his expedition againft Seot- the fevcral appellations, ancient and modern ;
landlodgd here, and dated his Writs, for fum- importing as much as the Town or the City of
moning a Parliament, apud la Roje.l Luul, &c.7
Between the confluence ot thofe rivers, the That this City flouriffi'd in the time of the
ancient City of Carlile has a delicate pleafant Romans, appears plainly enough from the fe-
fituation ; bounded on the north with Eden, on veral evidences of Antiquity which they now
the eaft with Peterill, and on the weft with and then dig up, and from the frequent men-
Caude ; and befides thefe natural fences, it is tion made or it by the Writers of thofe times.
fortify 'd with a ftrong (lone wall, a caftre, and And even after the ravages of the Picfs and
a citadel. It is of an oblong form, from weft Scots, it retain' d lomethingof it's ancient Splen-
to eaft : to the weft is a pretty large caftle, dour, and was accounted a City. For in the
f By the
which f t was built by William the fecond, year of our Lord 619. Egfrid King of Nor-
Arms, ap- and probably repair'd by Richard the third, thumberland \ gave it to the famous St. Cuth- t See Sim.
pears to as it fhould feem by the Arms.1 Almoft bert in thefe words / have likewife beflowd Dunslm t5 "
: -

have been tion ac

in the middle of the City, ffaiids the Ca- upon him thedty caWd Luguballia, with the lands®"™
by
fcuilt '

Richard thedral Church ; the upper part whereof fifteen miles about it. At which time alfo it °
the third, ( being nc\\er ) is a curious piece of Work- was walfd round. The Citizens ( fays Bede )
c. nunfhip, built by King Henry the eighth ; carry d Cuthben to fee the Walls of the City, and a

but the lower is much more ancient. TThe
lower weft part is the Parochial Church,
and as old, as St. Cuthben ; or, as Walter, who
came in with the Conqueror, was a Commander
in his Arm}', rebuilt the City, rounded a Prio-
ry, and, turning Religious, became himfelf the
firff Prior ot it. The Chancel was built by
Well of admirable workmanfhip built in it by the Ro-
mans.At which time, Cuthben (as the Durham-
book has it) founded a Religiom-houfe for Nuns,
with an Abbefs, and Schools. Afterwards, being
moft grievoufly fhatter'd by the Danes, it lay
bury'd about two hundred years in it's own
afh.es till it began to flourifh again by the fa-
:

Contributions about the year 1350, and the vour and affiftance ofWilliam Rutus, who built
Belfrey was raifed, and the Bells placed in it, new with a Caftle, and plac'd a Garrifon
at the charge of William de Strickland, Bifhop, in it, firft of Flemings (whom, upon better con-
in the year 140 i.l On the eaft, the City is fideration he quickly remov'd intoH-North-wales* Wales^ C.
defended by a Cittadel, very ftrong, and forti- and the Me
ot Anglefevjl and then of the fou-

* Variit prO- fy 'd with Heveral Orillons or Roundels. The Ro- thern fFor the Saxon Chronicle re-
Englifh.
pxgnaculu. mans and Britains call'd it Lugu-vallum and Lugtt- lating this matter, has it Cyplircej- fdce]-,
Lugu-vallum, ballium, or Lugu-balia, the Saxons (as Bede wit- which at firft fight fhould feem to be an error
neffes) Luel; Ptolemy (as fome think) but, in truth, this feems rather
Leutopi- for Cnghj-cef
;

bia f(which yet feems rather to be a corrup- be an error of the Librarian for Eyplij-cej-,
tion of Atfxo/xiJjft, i. c. white houfes, and to be and on that fuppofition the words will imply,
Candida Cafa,or Whitern, in GalIow ay ; )1 Nen-
r
That a great number of Bmbandmtn were lent
nius, Caer Lualid ; the ridiculous Welfh Pro- thither, and not Englifh-men for before that ;

phecies, The City of Duballus ; we, Carlile ; and time, the Inhabitants of Carlifle were Englifii.
the Latins, from the more modern name, Car- And, what follows in the Saxon Chronicle 5ar
leolum. For, that Luguballia and Carlile are the lanb co olianne, ftrengthens the conjecture ;

fame, is univerfally agreed by our Hiftorians. as expreffing the errand upon which they were
But as to the Etymology, what pains has our fent ; viz.. to cultivate thofe parts. To this Co-
lony
 : ;

ion CUMBERLAND. 1026

l-.uy it is, all the Records afcribethe rirlt girding
that of a Sword create Earl, * under the bo-*Sul> Ipntti
I

tallage thatwas known thereabouts. It is o:r-\nourable title of Earl of Carleol. Bur th» fame"""
1

tain, the whole toreit ot' Inglewood lay uncul- perfjn

afterwards prov'd ungrateful, and villi—
tivated for many years after.! At that time noufly perfidious to his King and Country and ;

taken, Was puuinVd with fuch Ignomi-

(as Malmeskiry has it) tutu to be fan a Roman being
Triclinium or dining-room, of flone, arch d over; ny as his Treachery
and Ingratitude had de-Th.Avenf-
nor Fire, ietv'd. For being degraded, he had his fpurs c/^kury.
which neither the violence of Weather,
CMld deftny. vim this Iiifcrip- ojf with a hatchet, then his fword-beh was taken
On the front of it

tion, MA.R.1I VICTORLE. Some" will hive

this jrom him, next his fines and gloves were pull 'd ojf
beheaded, and
Marim to be Arviragm the Britain ; others, the after which, he was drawn, hangd,
l~Upon the Restoration of King.
Mirim who was faluted Emperor in oppofition ter'd.

Charles the fecond, this place gave the honou-

to Galliemu, and is faid to have been ib very
ble title of Earl to Charles (ion of Sir Willi-
iiroug, that Authors tell us he had only nerves,
and no veins, in his fingers. Yet I have heard, am) Howard, who in the f 13th year of thatf April, 2>

reign, was created Lord Dacres of Gillelland,

that fome Copies have it, not Marti ViBoria,
but Marti Vichri which latter may proba- Vifcount Howard of Morpeth, and Earl of Car-
;

for his having' been highly instrumental

bly be favour'd by fome, as feeming to come lifle i
in that happy Melioration. In which Honours
nearer the truth.
Lugnbalha, now" grow n populous, had (as
he was fucceeded by Edward his ion ; father
:

Eatl or rather Lord, Ralph of the right Honourable

Charles, the prefent
they write ) it's

Mefchines or de Miami, from whom delcended Earl.l

fame Lugnbaliia or Carlifle is 2 1 degrees 3 1 mi-
the Earls of Chefter ; and being about the
nutes, in Longitude ; and 54 degrees, 55 mi-
time honour'd with an Epifcopal See by Hen-
nutes, in Latitude. I will now bid adieu to it,
ry the firft, it had Athdfh for its firil Bifliop.
This, the Monks of Durham look'd upon as in that
Encomium of "J. Jonflon.
an injury to their Church. When Ralph (lay
they ) Bifliop of Durham -was banifh'd, and the CARLEOLUM.
Church had none to pnteB it, certain Bifhops joju'd
Carleil and Tividale to their ovjn Diocefes. How Romanis quondam flatio tutifftma fignis,
the Scots in the reign of King Stephen took Ultimaqiie Aufonidum meta, labojaue Du-
this City, and Henry' the fecond recover'd cum,
Everfden. it ; how Henry the third committed the Caftle E fpecula late vic'mos profpicit agros,
of Carlile, and the County, to Robert de Ve- Him ciet & Pu g^tis, arcet & hide me-
teriponte or Vipont ; how in the year 1292. it tus.

+ VU. Chron. was J burn'd down, with the Cathedral and Gens acri iyigemo, fludiis afperrima belli,
de LiinerioK,
s u [j Urb s ; how Robert Brm the Scot, in the Dollaque bellaci figere tela manu.
EtaT&W all
1J«5. befieg'd it,
without fuccefs, &c.
thefe matters are treated ol at large in our
Scotorum Reges quondam tenuere beati,
Nunc iterum prifcis additur imperils.
Hiflories. But it may be worth our while to Quid ? Romane, putas extrema hie limina
add two Infcriptions which I faw here one in ; mundi ?
the Houfe of Thomat Aglitmty near the Ci- Mundum retro alium furgere nonne vides ?

^ Deterioris tadel, f but not ancient. Sit 'vidiffe fatis ; docuit nam Scotica -virtm
fcculi. hnmenfis animis htc pofnijfe modum.

DIIS MANIBV CARLISLE.

S M/VRCI TROIANI
AVGVSTTNANI * TVM. FA Where the bold Eagles ftop'd their noble
CIENDVM CVRAVIT courfe,
AFEL. AMMILLVS1MA The lateit labour of the Roman force.

CONIVX t KARISS. On fubject Fields from her high Rock looks

i Carijjinut.
down,
Thence galls her foes, and thence fecures
To which is joyn'd the effigies of aa armed her own.
Horfe-man, with a Lance. Her People fharp, and ever fam'd in

The other, in the Garden of Thomas Mid- war,

dleton, in a large and beautiful Character Fights are their fludy, and their only
care.
In ages paft flie ferv'd the Scottiffr crown.
And now her ancient Lord again doei
LEG. VI own.
Romans, how thought you here the world
VIC. P. F. could end,
When you might fee another World be-
R. F.
1

G. P. yond ?

Yet only fee the .Scot's victorious hand

:

Here fix'd the limits of your wide com-

as I fuppofe ) Legio Sexta Vitfrix, mand.
That is (

Via, Felix. The interpretation of the reft, I

leave to others. ["Over the river Eden is Stanwicks or .SW-StafiwitH

JMn* H*r. had only one Earl Tm ancient times,]

Carlifle 'gges ( i. e. a place upon the Stony-way ) a _

da Earl of viz.. Andrew deHarcla, whomEdward the fecond Town in the time of Henry the firft, who gave
Carlifle. ( ro {p ea k from the original Charter ot Creati- the Appropriation of it to the Church of Car-

on) for his good fervkes againfi Thoma* Earl oj lifle. The Pi&s wall is very vifible here and ;

Lancafier and his Adherents,

and for fubduing the at Drawdykes, a feat of the Aglionbys, is a Ro-
King's Subjects who were in rebellion,
and deli- man Altar with this Infcription
^ :

vering them prifoners to the King ; did by the

6 O I. O.M.
 ;

1027 B RIG A NT ES. 1028

fter. Beyond the Esk alfo, the Ccuntry for
I.O. M. ALA AVG VRI APPIA
fome miles is reckoned Englifh ground ; in
O..B.
IVL. PVB PS. T. TB. which compais is Soliem-mofs, noted for the The Battel of
CETBERI 1
taking great numbers of the Scotch Nobility, jK ''^ lw/m,/" j "

Rowdiffe. Then you fee Rowdiffe, juft upon the bank, prifoners, in the year 1543. For when the
» So r»ia, a little Caftl'e, built * not long fince by the Scots were ready to attack the Englifh (who
ann, 1607.
Lords Dacrss, for their own private defence. A- were commanded by "Th. Wharton, Lord Warden
bove this, two rivers Esk and Leven, being Hrft of the Marches,) and found that Oliver Siucler,
or" Jb/ha at the fame
a per fon whom they delpis'd, was appointed
joined, enter the asfiuary
mouth. Esk comes out of Scotland but for ;
General ; each look'd upon it as an affront to
himfelf, and they were fo incens'd, as to re-
fome miles owns it fdfof England, and receives
the river Kirfoft } where were hVd, | not long venge the injury (fuch was the conflruction they
t So fald
ann. 1607 fince, the limits between the Englifh and put upon it ) with their own difgrace and da-
II Is, Scots: tho' it was not fo much the water that
C. ||
mage: for they fell into mutinies, broke their
• Keeps, C. * kept
them within bounds, as a mutual dread ranks, and put alt in diforder. The Engliih,
(having had fufficient experience of each others who were ported upon the higher ground, ob-
fand now, a mutual Love, as being
valour ferving that, fell upon them, and put them to
j )

entirely united into one kingdom.! Upon this,
Netherby. where we" fee Netherby, a little village of two
cottages, the ruins of fome
or three
City are fo very wonderful and great, and the
name of Esk running by them does fo well con-
cur; that I imagine the old JEfica flood there,
which formerly the Tribune of the firft Co-
in
hort of the Aftures was in garrifon againit the
Barbarians. It is now the feat of the Plead of
Thn Griy
the Family of Grayham, very famous among the
bams.
Borderers for their great valour; and in the
walls of the houfe is this Roman Infcription.,
of Hadrian the Empttfour. skirm ifh.es.
memory
up
flight. Great numbers were taken ; fur they
threw down their Amis, and fubmitted gene-
ancient rally to the Englifh and the Mofs-troopers ;
lb that only a Soldier here and there was kill'd.
This, James the firth King of Scotland, laid fo
much to heart; that he dy'd of grief. The
neighbouring lands are call'd Eatable-ground, orBatafele-
The ground in debate, becaufe the Englifh and ground.
Scots* could not agree about it. For the In-* Cannot, C t
habitants on both lides, as living upon the
Frontiers, *were a fwift, fubtil, and nimble fort* Are
c
of Soldiers; beinf train'd up to k by t'rvquent limitami
This was the former ftate but
i

fet in ;

fince the happy Union of the two King-

by the Legio Secunda Augufta.
doms in King James the firft, and much more
fince that under her Mnjelfy Queen Anne, all
IMP. CiES. TRA. thefe Feuds and Quarrels upon the Borders are

HADRIANO ceafed ; and one lives there with as much fe~

curity, as m any other place whatfocver.l

AUG. Leven, the other of tte rivers which I rnen-Le

tioned, arifing in
Ven
the very limits of the two
'
r ; r;

Kingdoms, runs by nothing memorable, befides

LEG. II. AVG. F. Beutaftle (as they commonly call it,) a CafUe ofBeu-Caftle.
the Kings, which in thofe foh'tary parts f was is, C.
4
defended by a fmall Garrifon. In the publick
fBefides this, there are feveral others, colle- Records it is written Bueth-caflle ; fo that the
cted, and carefully placed in order, by Sir Ri- name feems to be deriv'd from that Bueth, who
chard Grahme Knight and Baronet, Grandfather about Henry the firfl's time had almoft got the
to the honourable Richard late Vifcount Preflan. entire government of thofe parts. However
Here was found lately a gold Coin of Nero of it is certain that in Edward the third's reign,
good value ; and two Stones with the follow- It belong'd to John Baron Strivelin, who mar- R aron Str ; vu
ing Infcriptions. The one, IMP. C OM
M. ry'd the daughter and coheir of Adam de Swin-tin.
COS. i.e. Impemtori Commodo Confuli, which born. In the Church, f now almoft in ruins, + So fa id,
(I fuppofe) was erected in the year of Chriit there lies,
inflead of a Grave-ftonc, this In- ann * 1607.

184, when that Emperour was faluted by the fcription, which has been brought from fome
title of Imperator Britannicm. The other, other place :

DEO MARTI
BELATVCADRO
RO. VR. RP. CAII
LEG II AVG
ORVSII. M. FECIT
Whereby it appears that Belatticadrus was the
fame with Mars, under a more terrible name. In the Church-yard, is a Crofs, of one en-
It is probable, it comes from Bel, Baal, tire Iquare flone, about twenty foot high, and
and Belinus, the great Idol of the Afiyrians, curioully wrought ; there is an Infcription too,
which Cedrenus fays was the fame with Mars but the letters are fo dim, that they are notu a miftake,
j|
'
and which the Roman and German Soldiers might legible. But feeing the Crofs * is of the Camera*, infra.
like better, under a more harfh and round kind, as that in the Arms of the Vaulx, y/e'ltaiaterfthl
termination.] may fuppofe that it has been erected by fome of ffa '15?8- '

Where the Lid joins the Esk, flood formerly that Family. ^ '
Barony of Liddel, a Cattle (as I have been told) and a fThe letters of this Infcription appear flill
Lidddl. Barony of the EfloteviUs y who held Lands in Cor- legible upon a later view. A tew of them were
nage, which Earl Ranujph (as we read in an old copied (but unskilfully) A. D. 16 18, as f Sir Hen-, „. Q, a - ,

Inquifition ) gave to lurgifs Brundas. From ry Spehnan witnefies. Others are explained in a Worniii
Lidefdal. Eflotevill it defcended by Inheritance to the Letter to Mr. Walker, fent him by the fame Mon. Dar*.
Wakes, and by them to the Earls of Kent. learned, and now right Reverend perfon, whoP a S- I<5(
\\
-

Ni*
"John Earl of Kent granted it to King Ed- communicated his thoughts of that at Bridekvk ^}^?
1

\r>. 1 R. 2. ward the third ; and King Richard the fe- to Sir William Dugdale. For your fatisfaction,
cond, to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lanca- bepleafed to take his account at large:
SIR,
 : ;

CUMBERLA ND> IO^O

conceitwas the more heightened, by reflecting
Carlifte, Nov. 2. lffS;. upon the natural fuperfiirion of our borderers
SIR', at this day, who are much better acquainted
is now high time to make good my pro- with, and do more firmly believe, their old Le-
ITmife of giving you a more perfect account gendary Stories of Fairies and Witches, than
of our two Runic Infcriptions at Beau-caflle and the Articles of their Creed. And to convince me
Bridekirk. The former is fallen into luch an yet further, that they are not utter ftraugers
to
untoward part of our Country, and fo far out the Black Arts of their forefathers, I accidentally
of the common Road, that I could not much met with a Gentleman in the neighbourhood,
(boner have either an opportunity or the cou- who fllew'd me a Book of Spells and Magical
rage to look after it. I was afl'ur d by the Cu- Receipts, taken (two or three days before) in
rate of the place ( a perfon of good fence and the Pocket of one of our Mofs-Troopers
where- ;

learning in greater matters) that the Cha- in, among many other conjuring feats,
was pre-
rafters were fo miferably worn out fince the fcrib'd a certain Remedy tor an Ague,
by ap-
Lord William Bayard's time ( by whom they plying a tew barbarous Charafters to the Body
were communicated to Sir H. Sfelman, and of the party dillemper'd. Thefe, merhought,
mention'd by Wormius, Mm. Dan. p. 161.) were very near akin to IVmmius's R A M-
that they were now wholly defac'd, and nothing R U N E R, which, he fays, differ'd wholly
in
to be met with worth my while. The former figure and fliape from the common Rurue. For
part of this Relation I found to be true for thoughjie tells us, that thek Ramruner were
:

(though it appears that the forementioned fo call d, £0 quod moleftias, dolores, morbcfque
Infcription has been much larger than [Vor- htfce srMire pmitfi Jol.',
fin Mag: ; yet his
mius has given it, yet) it is at prefent fo friend Arng. Jonas, more to our purpofe, faysy
far loft, that in fix or feveu lines none of That His eliam ufi fum ad benejaciendum, ju-
the Characters are fairly difcernible, fave only iiandum, medicaudum tarn animi quam
Corporis
IlFl'TlRj ar| d thefe too are incoherent, morbts ; atque ad ipfos Cacodccmones peUmdos &fu-
and at great diftance from each other. How- gandos. I (rial! not trouble you with a draught
ever, this Epiftylium Cruris (as Sir H. Spelmau in of this Spell, becaufe I have not yet had an op-
his Letter to Wormim has called it ) is to portunity of learning whether it'may not be an
this day a noble Monument, and highly me- ordinary one, and to be met with (among
rits the view of a curious Antiquary. The others of the fame nature) in Paracelfus or Cor-
beft account, Sir, I am able to give you of it, nelius Agrippa.
be pleas'd to take as follows : If this conjecture be not allowable;
I have.
It is one entire Free-ftone, of about five yards Sir, one more, which (it may be) you will
in height, waftl'd over (as the Font at Bride- think more plaufible than the former. For if,
kirk) with a white oily Cement, to prcferve it inftead of making the third and fourth Let-
the better from the injuries of time and wea- ters to be two j^k. N. N. we fhould fuppofe
ther. The figure of it inclines to a fquare Py- them to be \. *, E. E. the word will then be
ramid, each fide whereof is near two foot Rycekiru ; which I take to fignifie, in the old
broad at the bottom, but upwards more taper- Danifi Language, Cxmiterium or Cadaverum Se-
ing. On
the weft-fide of the Stone we have pulchrum. For, though the true old Runic word
three fair Draughts, which evidently enough lot Cadaver be ufually written
H
Hrae; SpR^
manifelt the Monument to be Chriftian. The yet the may, without any violence to the Or-
loweft of thefe reprefents the Portraifture of a thography of that tongue, be omitted at plea-
Layman, with a Hawk or Eagle perch'd on his fure ;
and then the difference of fpelling the
Arm. Over his Head are the forementioned word, here at Beau-ca/lle, and on fome of the
ruins of the Lord Howard's Infcription. Next ragged Monuments in Denmark, will not be
to thefe, the Piaure of fome Apoftle, Saint, great. And for the countenancing of this latter
or other Holy man, in a facerdotal habit, with Reading, I think the above-mentioned Chequer-
a Glory round his Head. the top ftands work may be very available
On fince in that we :

the Effigies of the B. V. with the Babe in her have a notable Emblem of the Tumuli, or bury-
Arms, and both their Heads encircled with ing places of the Ancients. (Not to mention
Glories, as before. the early cuftom of erefting Crofl'es
and Cru-
On the North we have
a great deal of Che- cifixes
Church-yards: which perhaps, being
in
quer-work, fubfcribed with the following Ch: well weigh d, might prove another
encourage-
rafters fairly legible ment to this fecond Reading.) I know
the
Checquer to be the Arms of the Vaux's,
or De
Valhbus, the old Proprietors of this
part of the
North; but that, I prefume, will
make no-
thing tor our turn. Becaufe this,
and the other
Upon the fight of thefe Letters, I greedily carved work on the Crofs, muft of neceffity
firft

ventured to read them Rynkiru ; and was won- be allow d to bear a more ancient date
than anv
derfully pleafed to fanfy, that this word of the Remains of that
thus Name and Family';
fingly written, muft neceffarily betoken which cannot be run up higher than
the the Con-
final extirpation and burial of the Magical quer!.
Rum in thefe parts, reafonably hoped for
upon On the Eaft we have nothing but a few Flou-
the converfion of the Danes to the Chriftian nfhes, Draughts of Birds, Grapes and
other
Faith : for that the Danes were anciently, fruits : all which I take to be no
as more than the
well as fome of the Laplanders at prefent, <Jrofs btatuary s fancy.
Idolaters and Sorcerers, is beyond Controverfie On
the South, flourilries and conceits,
as
and I could not but remember, that all before and towards the bottom, the
our following
Hiftorians tell us, that they brought decay d Infcription :
Paganifm
along with them into this Kingdom.
And
therefore it was not very difficult to imagine,
that they might for fome time praftife their lli^JiBJiij-r-RMiill
Hocus tricks here in the North, where they
were moft numerous and Ieaft difturbed. This
Th«
 :

1 0"3 x BRIG ANTES. 1032

The Defects in this ihort piece are fufficient to they call \Gilles,) that 1 fhould have thought, it tTfae&wl
wh " ein th f
difecmrage me from attempting to expound it. nad taken the name trom them; if I had not brook
But (poffibly) it may be read thus :
i 1 1
r r 1 n r-\ 11
read in the book or laBerco/t-Oiurch, that one [ ilc G
runs tt
^
Gill the fori of Bueth (cail'd alfo Gilbert in a
Gag Ubbo Erlat, i. e. Charter of Henry the fecond) was formerly
poflefs'd of" it io that probably it had this name
:

Latrones Ubbo Vtcit. from him. Tit might alfo take it from Hubert
deVailibus {mVaux;) fince de Vallibus and Gills
I confefs this has no affinity (at leaf!, being (ignifie the fame thing and it is offer'd to con-
:

thus interpreted) with the foregoing Infcrip- fideratron by others, whether it might not,
tion but may well enough fuit with the man- after all, be fo cail'd from the river Gelt, which
:

and modern Inhabitants of runs along the middle of it.] Through this
ners of both ancient
this Town and Country. tract, Smerm's wall (that famous monument of
Thus tar, of that ancient Monument be- Britain) runs from Carliile to the Eaft, almoft
;

+ Hilt. MS. fides which, there is a large f Infcription on the in a ftreight line, by Stnnwicks a little village ;
Nortlmmb. weft; and on the fouth (ide of the Stone, thefe and Scalby, a Caftle formerly belonging to the Scalby-Ca-
Par. 6. Letters are fairly difcernible, Tilkols ( once a famous Family in thofe parts) (lie.
from whom it came to vhe.Pickerings. TAt this Ca-
ftle (the feat of the Gilpins) are preferv'd three
IrTRM-UhfArri'
Altars, which were dug up in thofe parts. One,
Gillefland. More and Weft, and further in the not far from the Caftle, found in the river Trim,
to Soutli
•Itaimpc- Country, GMeJland-Barony : a trad * fo on a ftone colour'd with a fort of yellow, and
lies

cut and mangled with the brooks (which of this figure

lATVCC
iOAV-Dcf

The fecond was dug-up at Camleck, in the ruins of an old ftone-wall, and is of this
form.

This
 1

io 3 3 CUMBERLAND. 1034

This third is imperfed and in what place

; it a mile from the Wall; ) where, formerly, the
Cohort of the 7 Atari from Germany, and Colors 1
'

was found I cannot positively fay; firfl

in the decline of the Romaii Empire, the Cme m ra "l'°""">

DEO. C O C I D I Armaturarum, under the Governour of Britain,
*""«"»•
C O H. I. A E L- - were in Garrifon. Thofe Armaturx, were
Horfe arm'd Cap-a-pee but whether they were Ci »
: '

Duflaret or Simplar.es, my Author has not told

— -A-. The Duptares were fuch as * had a double
-VS 1 us.
allowance of Provilion, the Simplares, fuch as ' U"""'
"'™ b
Then the Wall is crofs'd by the little river Cam- a /ingle allowance. Nor mult I omit, that at \aat%
Askerton-Ca-
y ec^ up n which the Barons Dacre built Ashrton
Brampton there is a high hill call'd the Mete,
8le '
a fmall Cattle, wherein the Governour of Gilkf- ditch'd round at the top ; from whence is a
call'd commonly Land Sergeant ) kept large profpeit into all the Country round. Be-
lani (
Garrifon. Below the Wall, it joyns the river low this, and at Capk-fteeds, i. e. the place ol a
at Trederntan hard by, were found,
Irthington.
jrt hing, where is Irthington, the Capital Manour Caftle, as alfo
Inscriptions, which the Right Honourable
of the Barony of Gillefland : and here, at Caflle- thefe
Jieed, appear very great ruins.
Hard by, is William Lord Howard of No-worth, third ion of
Ann. 16073
Brampton. B rampton, a little market -town ; r where is an his Grace f Thomas Duke of Norfolk, copy'd out t
fix poor men, and as many poor for me with his own hand a perfon admirably
Hofpital for :

women, with a Salary for a Chaplain founded well vers'd in the fludy of Antiquities, and a pe-
;

and endow'd by the Right Honourable Eliza- culiar favourer of that ftudy; who in
right of
of the laft Lord
beth Countefs Dowager of Carlijle, mother to his wife, the fifter and coheir
to a large efface in thofe
the prefent Earl of Carlijle.~\ This I take to be Baron Dacre, came
full enjoy.
Brcmetura-
tns Sremeturacum along the Wall (for it is fcarce parts fwhich his Pofterity
j

cum ad 11-
1
neam valli.

6 P Thu
[035
BRIGANTBS. 103d

This alfo was found there in an old Vaultjlnant and Propmor in Britain, is unluckily
in which the name of the Emperour s Lieute-I worn out.

y^iimmy yw* ^ -' -

1 '

V
F
CVPAL
LEG^G'.Pmjffl:
TVNGPOSV
" ;

Near Brampton, runs the little river Gelt on the fecond Legion call'd Augufla (poffibly Optio)
;

the bank of which, in a rock call'd Helbeck, is under Agricola the Proprietor; with fome others,

this gaping Infcription, fet up by an Enfign of of which Time has depriv'd us.

In
 ; .

035
CUMBERLAND. 1038

erhaps Pro-
rstore.

Ill the fame rock alfo, we read in a more mo-

dern character,
On a fourth,

OFlCIVcpROrpANORVco. COH. I. ML. DAC. CORD.. ALEC. PER.

river
Ir thing, riv. Here, the Gelt empties it felf into the With fome others, which are evidently the
Naworth-
Inking, which runs with a violent
rapid ftream
fame with thofe that were copi:d mUl in the lail
Naworth-Caflle, f belonging to milium >ge and reprefented beforehand which in all
Caftle.
\ Now he- by
c
Howard before-mentioned, who repair d it brought hither from PVilly-
longing, ||
ikelihood
Is repairing but lately to the Barons of Dacre ; the lad ot
II fordA
C. * fome years ago dy'd young, and Leo-
whom
it,
* So faid,
Nearer the Wall, flood the Priory of Lanercojl,
Uncle (chofing rather to try for the founded by R. de VallAtu, Lord of Gillefland.
his
arm. 1607. nard
Efhte, with his Prince in War, than with
his
PNot far from whence is a medicinal fpring,
Caitle, and
Nieces in Law) feiz'd upon this
which iflues out of a rock; the water is im-
company feditious Rebels.
got together a of pregnated with Sulphur, Nitre, and Vitriol, and
garrifon ot
But the Lord Hnnfdon, with the is faid to be very good for the Spleen, the
a great
Berwick, ealily defeated them ; putting Stone, and all Cutaneous diflempers. In the
many to the (word, and the reft (among whom fummer time, it is much frequented both by
was Leonard himfelf ) t to flight, fit is
now in Upon the wall, is
the Scotch and Engliih.l
the polfeffion of the Right
Honourable Charles Bord-OfWaU;
Burd-O/wald; and below thi., where the Pifts-
Jiore.

Howard Earl of Girlifle (great great grandfon Wall pafs'd the river Irthing by an arch'd bridge,
to the Lord William before-mentioned)
who was the Station
at a place now call'd Wdhford,
the
has repair'd the Caftle, and made it fit for of the Cohors prima JElia Daeorum ; as appears
for-
reception of a Family. Here is a Library, by the Afotiria, and by leveral Altars which were
are
merly well furniihed with Books ; and there ified by that Cohort, and inferib'd to "Jupiter
^ CaXal. Li ftill in it many Manufcripts of value, relating Optimus Maximus. Some of them I think pro-
'

f
MS. Oxoa. In
chiefly to Heraldry and Englifh Hiftory. per to give you, though much defae'd, and worn
the Hall, are the Piftures of all the
Kings of
with age :

England, down from the Saxon times; which

were brought from Kirk-Ofwald-Caftle, when
that was demolifh'd, above a hundred years O. M.
t I.
TOM i^imiplimi
Maximo.
ago. In the garden-wall, are a great many COH. I. AEL. OH. I. AEL. DA
ftones with Roman Infcriptions, which
were
and placed there by this Family. DAC. CVI C. --C.--A. GETA
collcfled
Some of them are not legible, but others are. PRAEnill IRELSAVRNES
On one is, IGlIIIlU
1I111I
IVL. AVG. DVO. . M SILV.. VM. IIIII

On another,
I. O. M. PRO SALVTE
CoH. AEL F. N MAXjMIANO
X O. M. ... II. ML DAC. . C. P. .
.
EST
DAC.
I.

C. P. HFOR CAE l|
fir.;^
TRIB. PET. VO. COS STATV LoN C"S'"-
/RELIVS. FA. L. S. VA
GIKUS, TRIB.
On a third,
OAED
LEG. II. AVG.
LEG.
 —

jg'39 BRIG ANTES. 1040

he hands ot King
Henry the firft, Randolph
had given Gilkjlandxa
Hubert de Vallibus, which
LEG. VI. "jrant the King confirm
cehors enjoy'd it.
'd to him, and his Suc-
The Right Honourable
VIC. P. F. Charles Howard preterit Earl of Carlifle, and
Lord ot Gillejland, claims
defcent from him by
F. the mother s hde,
according to the pedigree of
the Family, which
at Nawrth-Caftle.~\
is to be teen m
the Chapel
I. O. M. I. O. M.
Having thus taken a Survey of the
Sea-coaft
and inner parts of
COH I AEL. DAC Cumberland, we muft pafs to
COH. I. AEL. the Late (a lean, hungry,
TETRICIANO RO DAC. GORD. try;; though
and defolate Coun-
it afford nothing remarkable be-
---C. P.P. LVTIC ANA. C. P - -
sidesthe head of South-Tine in a wet fpungy
V. S. DESIG EST. ground, and an ancient Roman
NATVS above ten yards broad.
{tone Cautey,

TRIB. It is call'd the'SOItus.

Mmden-way, and comes out of Weftmoreland Maiden-wa/. :

and, at the confluence of

I. O. M.
the little river Aim
and the Tine, on the fide of
a gentle afcent,
H. I. AEL. DAC. there are the remains of a
large old Town ;
----C. PRAEESI.--- which to the North has been fortify'd
with a
FLIUS FA tourfold Rampire, and to
the Weft t with onetSelVupK
STRIB.- and a half. The place is now call'd fPhitley- Whitby.
PETVO.- caflle ; and, as a teftimony of it's Antiquity,
CaWe -

inows thls imperfea Inscription

-COS. compendial Competitor,
||

ouliy written with

the Letters link'd one in a-fmbendi ra-
nother from which we learn, that the """ /; '<™
:
third
Cohort of the Nervii built
flu thofe parts, are many rivulets, called by to a * Temple hm'."?£"-
Antoninus the Emperour, Son of Seve-
the name ot Glen or Glyn ; from whence the
Ambhgana ad lineam Valli, mentioned in the
Notitia, might, not improbably, take the
*V. Amble, name,* fuppoiing it to be rightly fiYd at this
fide, in Weft-pj ace) or the neighbourhood of it.l IMP. CAES. Lucii Septimi Severi Ara-
BICI, ADIABENICI,
Tl^ofcn- The fir{t Lord of Gilkfl an & thatI read of> PARTHICI,
Uflani. Out was William Mejchims, brother of Ralph Lord MAX.
FIL. DIVI ANTONINI
PiiGermanici
o\ an old Mif-of Cumberland (not that William who was
SARMA. NEP. DIVI ANTONINI
PII
ftl» brother of Ranulph Earl of Cheflcr from
R. Cocke,
]w 10 nv fprane Ranulph de Ruelent, but the bro- PRON.
calls him ther ot Ralph;) who was not able to get it DIVI HADRIANI
ABN. DIVI TRAIANI
Ralph; as alio out of the hands of the Scots for Gill the fon PARTH.
.- ET
DIVI NERV.E ADNEPOTI
the MSS. of f Bueth, held the greateft part of it by force ot M.
AVRELIO ANTONINO PIO
Arms; r ( thou S h this could be but for a littl e FEE. AVG. GERMANICO
Holme Ab^ PONT. MAX
bies.
"
while : for the father was banifhed into Scot- TR.
land in Earl Randolph's time, and the Son
PRO
POT.-X-IMP.—
-COS. IIII P p —
Gilleshuetb (as he was called) was (lain by
PIETATE AEDE-VOTO-
Robert de Vallibus, at a meeting for Arbitration COMMVNI CVRANTE
of all differences j fo that that Family feems LEGATO
AVG.
never to have claimed it after. The murther PR COH. III. NERVIO
was barbarous, and Robert, to atone for it, built
RVM---G.R.POS.
the Abbey of: Lanercoft, and gave to it tin
Lands which had caufed the quarrel. But this
by the way:) ] After his death, King Henry
the fecond beitow'd it upon Hubert de Vallibus
Now, feeing the third Cohort of the Nervii
Vaulx, whofe Coat Armour was Chequey, Argent
was quartcr'd in this place, teeing alfo theNoti-
tia fets them at Alione, as Antoninus does at Alone,
and Gules. His fon Robert founded and en-
dow 'd the Priory of Lanercoft. But the Eftate, and a little river running under it is call'd Alne;
within a tew years, came by marriage to the if I Ihould think this the very Alone, I could
Moltons, and from them by a daughter to not indeed deliver it for a pofitive truth, becaufe
Ranulph Lord Dacre, whofe pofterity have flou- the injuries of time, and the violence of wars,
rifhed in great honour down to our time. have long fince obfeur'd and obliterated thete
i~Howe\er, it is to be obferv'd, that in the things ; but it would at lead amount to a pro-
account of the Lords of bability.
Gillejland, the Chro-
nicles differ very much. For, according tc Upon the decay of the Roman Power in Bri-
tain, though this Country was cruelly harrafs'd
Chron. Cum- ot hers, Ranulph and Radulph are the fame name,
brii. Dugd. and Ranulph de Mechinis is call'd indifferently by by the Scots^ and Fids, yet did it keep its ori-
Mon. vol.i. thefe two names. Then Ranulph de Mkems, ginal Inhabitants the Britains, longeft of any,

&ar°°'
who was Lord of Cumberland by Grant from and fell late under the power of the Saxorts.
tne Conqueror, was the very fame who was But when
* the Danifh wars had well-nigh
p. <2<1
afterwards Earl of Chefter by defcent, after the broken the Saxon government, it had its petty
death of his Coufin-german Richard, fjcond Earl Kings, flil'd Kings of Cumberland, to the year Ki "g s » r
btr '
of Chefter, who was fon to 'John Bohun and of our Lord 946. At -which time (as Florilegus9"f
*" '

Margaret his wife, filler to Hugh Lupus firft Earl tells us) King Edmund, by the ajji/lance of Leolin
of Chefter. Again, William de Mkenis, bro- King of South-Wales, fpoil'd Cumberland of all its
ther to Randolph de Micenis, was Lord of Coup- riches, and having put out the eyes of the two Jons
land, but not of Gillejland ; for upon Randolph's of Dummail King of that Country, granted that
refignation of the County of Cumberland into Kingdom to Malcolm King of Scots, to hold of him,
and
 ;

1 04.1 'CUMBERLAND. 104.2

and to proteB the North-parts oj England by Sea eighth's time; who created Henry Clifford, de-

and Land againfl the incurfions of Enemies. Upon fended from the Lords de Veteri ponte or Vipont,

which, the eldeft Ions of the Kings of Scotland, firft Earl of Cumberland. He, by Margaret,
as well under the Saxons as Danes, were ftil'd daughter of Henry Percy Earl ot Northumber-
*Cumbrix* Governours of Cumberland But when England land, Had Henry the fecond Earl, who by his
Prifefli.
had yyded to the Normans, this County fub- firft wife, daughter of Charles Brandon Duke of
had Margaret Countefs of Derby and
mitted among the reft, and fell to the fhare of Suffolk, ;

Ralph de Mefchims, whofe eldeft fon Ranulfh by his fecond wife, daughter o( Baron Dacre

was Lord of Cumberland, and at the fame time, of Gillefland, had two fons, George and Francis.
in right of his mother and by the favour of his George the third Earl, famous for his Naval
Prince, Earl of Chefter. However, King Ste- Exploits, and a pei-fon undaunted and indefa-
"with the Scots, tigable, dy'd in the year 150;, leaving
ingratiate himfelf
one only
phen, to
-r ClienuUri refior'd it him and his daughter Anne. Francis his brother, the fourth
to them, to f hold of
jure unercm. Succelldrs Kings of England.But his imme- Earl, fucceeded him ; in whom feven when
appear'd a flrong inclination to Virtue, Appears.C,
diate Succeflbr the fecond, confidering young"!
Henry II
||

this profufe Liberality of Ste- becoming the iflue

of luch honourable Ance-
what prejudice
ourLord 164^1,
phen was like to prove both to him and his ftors ; Twho dying in the year of
Kingdom, demanded back from the Scots, was fucceeded by his only fon Francis,
who dy d
one only daughter
Northumberland, Cumber-land, and IVefflmorland. at York, 1543, leaving iflue
King has it) wifely
Neubrigenlis fo that the male line of that moft ancient and
And the Scotch (as
confidering, that fince the King of England had both noble family is now extinct Of later years, his
Prince George of Denmark ( a
a better title, and was much flronger in thofe parts Royal Highnefs
{though he could have alledg'dthe oath which was Prince of known
Valour, and a great example
Jaid to have been made to bis grandfather David, of Prudence,
Wifdom, and Conjugal Affeflion,)
•when he -was knighted by him,) did very fairly and honour 'd this
County, by having the title of
at the King's Duke of Cumberland ; which had been alfo
: en
hcnelily reflore the forefaid bounds,
Rupert, Prince Pa-
demand, and in lieu of them had Huntingdonfhire joy'd before him, by Prince
refior'd, which belongd to him by ancient right. latine of the Rhine, a perfon of great Courage
Earls of Cumberland had no Earls before Henry the and Bravery.l
Cumberland.

•this County has 58 Parifh-Clntrches, lefides Chapels.

6 a VAL-
 ; p

io43 lo H
VALLUM;
O R,

The TICTS WALL.

»p£S5££rsr.HAT famous Watt, which was narrow flip of ground between * Edenborrow- *Boimla &
IfltfpP] S?S^ tne boundary °f tn e Roman Frith and Dunbritten-Frith ; which was after- Glotta.
§|%j |%®j Province, call'd by ancient wards fortify 'd, as occafion requir'd. [But we
HJ^V !
J j
Writers, Vallum Barbarkum. are not to fuppofe, that this Pratentura of Agri-
ftCV j
_
| Pratentura, and Clufura, i. e, cola, had any thing of Wails or Rampires;
,«*$] the Barbarous Wall, the £«k. fince the learned \ Archbifliop VJher has prov'dtXnt. Ecd.
v p ™^'™
TliePencesin- the Fence or /W?e by Dio ; out ef Tacitus, that Agricola only garrifond the Brit 'P* 3^-
the Frontiers i,^^,^^ r "Thorough-wall; by Herodian x&^uco Frontiers at this place, without contriving any
0fthePr A
< c°an'd
or $ Ditcb ' by Antoninus > Caffiodorus :
other fence. It is likely, that according to the

€lufuTx ab
in ^ others, Vallum ; by Bede Murus ; by the
" Roman cuftom, he plac'd fome of his troops
excluded^, Britains Gual-Sever, Gal-Sever, and Mur- Sever. within the limits of the Barbarians Country,
from (hutting by the Scots Scottif-waith ; by the Englilh and intra fines Horefiorum : for thefe Horefli were not
out the cne- jhofe that live about it, a&e Picls-wall, or ifo the inhabitants on the river Esk, near the bor-
my;aBdP«- p/j/
tcntura a Pr«- .
/; al(o the Keepe-wall,>
. r and by
J
wayJ of ders of England (as hath been afferted) but
i-Htfcnd0,frorn eminenc e, T«e #^// ; croiteS the upper-part ot thofe of Angus and Mernes, as the Scotch Hilto-
being ftretch- Cumberland .; and is not by any means to bi rians fufficiently evidence, particularly the learn-
edoutagainftpafs'd ovcr i n fil en ce. f(The upper-part (I fay) ed |]Sir George Mackenzie. * Not but the foun-|| Defence
the e "}y-
we
exprefs it according to the cuftom of th dation of the name may, for all that, itandp. 79.
^ it

good, and the Horefli be deriv'd from Ar~Efc ; * Sce in **-

us in Ad verf. Latins, who call the more northern tract of any
1. i.e. 14. Country, Pars fuperior; but otherwife, mori confidering there isa Sozith as well as a North EsL'\ Iaadm
jufUy called by the neighbouring Inhabitants, Hadrian, for whom the God Terminm re- The ftcond
the Low-land) 1 treated, made the fecond Fence, after he had re- Prxtentura.
When, by the Providence of God, and their tir'd about eighty miles, either out of envy to

own Valour } the affairs of the Romans had the glory of Trajan ( under whom the Empire
fucceeded beyond expectation, and the ambi- was at it's utmofl extent,) or out of fear. He
tious bravery of that people had fo enlarg d (fays SpartianJ drew a Wall of eighty miles in
their Conquefls on ail fides, that they began to length, to divide the Barbarians and the Romans ',

be jealous of their owngreatnefs ; the Emperors which one may gather, from what follows in
Limits or thought it moil advifable to fet fome bounds Spartian, to have been made in fa/hion of a f Mu- *, .. ,
r"
hounds of the co their For, like prudent Poli ral hedge, being large fiakes fix d deep in the ground, pit
Dominions. Some .

Empire. And this is it which we read Milita-

ticians, they obferv'd that Greatnefs ought to have and fa/lend together.
its bounds ; juft as the Heavens keep their exacl are now fpeaking of; for it runs along, eighty'"*

compafs, and the Seas are and upon it, are the Pons JElia,
tojs'd about [within theh miles together ;

own limits. Now thefe bounds Were either [(which by the found fliould feem to be Pom-
natural, as the Sea, the larger Rivers, Moun Eland in Northumberland,)! Clajfis JElia, Co-
tains, Deferts or artificial, viz,. Fences placed
; JElia, Ala Sabiniana, which took their
on purpofe for that end fuch ai-e Ditch names from JElim Hadrianm and Sabina his
;

* Concxdef.Caflles, Towers, * Barricadccs of Trees, and wife. And the Scotch Hiftorian, who wrote
Walls of Earth or Stone, with Garrifons planted the Rota Temporum, tells us, That Hadrian <£^R. ta Tempo*
along them to keep out the Barbarians. Where- firit draw a Wall of a prodigious bignefs made ofmm.
Tit. 43- upon, it is faid in Theodofius's Novels; By th 'Turfs (of that height that it looks like a mountain,
contrivance of our Ancefiors, whatever is under th 'th a deep ditch before it ) from the mouth of

power of the Romans, is defended againfl the incur- the Tine to the river Eske, i. c. from the German to
feons of Barbarians, by a Boundary- Tua//. In the Irifh Ocean. Which Hector Boetius delivers in
times of peace, the Front ier-garrifons were the very fame words.
kept along the Line, in Caftles and Cities; but fWith reference to the foremention'd retreat The God Ter-
when they were apprehenfive of the incuriions oi ot the God Terminm, it may be obferved here, »*«««.
their neighbours, then part of them, for the that not many years ago, was found (on the
Hence -
defence of their own, pitch'd their Tents in ruins of the Wall, a little below Carliile) a
meet with
the Enemies Country, and part made excursions imall wing'd image of brafs, fomewhat more
Stationes
into the Enemies quarters, to obferve their than half a foot in length, well agreeing with
Agrarix in
Vegetius. motions, and to engage, if they could, upon an the defcription which fome of the ancients have
advantage. given us ot the God Terminm^
In this Ifland, particularly; when they found, Lollius Urbicus, Lieutenant of Britain under
that thofemore remote parts of Britain had no- Antoninus Pius, did by his great fuccefs re-
thing agreeable either in the Air or the Soil, move the Bounds again to the place where Ju-
that they were inhabited by that barbarous lius Agricola had fint fet them, and raise! a
crew, the Caledonians, and that the advantages Wall there, which was the third Fence or Pra-j-^ -
th d
of fubduing them would not anfwer the trouble tentura. He (fays Capitolinus) conquer 'd the Bri- rat enHtrat
they did at feveral times contrive feveral Fences, tains, and driving back the Barbarians., made ano-
The firftiV,e-to bound and fecure the Province. The firft of ther Wall of Turf, i. e. diilinft from that of
tcntura, tna t kind feems to have been made by Julius Hadrian. The honour of LolHus's fuccefs in
Agricola, when he placed Garrifons along that Britain was by Fronto (as the Fanegyrifl has
IC
H5 The P1CTS WALL, \o\6
it) given entirely to Antoninus the Emperour ; af- tifh it is
call'd. Guall-Sever. ["The Royal f Pa-t Eccl. Hilt.
* l e
Palace at raphralt upon Hede, fays, it was mid bice and
'
(S* *

firming, that though he liv'd quietly in his

Rome, and had only given out a Qtmmifftan to the mi6 eopb-pealle, i. e. with a ditch, and a
yet he had merited all the glory as a turf of Earth ; and afterwards, fpeaking of a
Lieutenant, ]

k. 1. c. 12*
Pilot a large Ship deferves the whole ho- later fabrick of Stone in the fame place, he fays,
fleering
nour of the expedition. But, that this Wall it was built Saep 6evepur re Haj-epe iu bet;
5ejiipcan ; i.e. where Severus
of Antoninus Pius, and of his Lieutenant Lollius bician eon5-pall
ditch and a turf-wall
Vrbkus, was in Scotland, (hall be {hewn here- the Emperor commanded a
after.
to be made?\ Take alfo what Ethelwerd (the
When the Caledonian Britains, under Com- moft ancient Writer we have, next Bede) has
e Uft faid of Severus He drew a Ditch crofs the fore-
« * modus tnc 3Bmperour,had
broke thorow this Se- ;
:

T'
frattntura.
^^ ne gl e cting that farther Wall, and
that large faid IJland from fea to fea, and within it, built a
Wall with Turrets and Forts. This he after-'' Murum*
Country between, drew a Wall crofs the Iflaud,
from Solway-Frith to Tinmouth. And this (if I wards calls Fqffa Severia ; as do alfo our ancient
judge aright) was along the very fame ground, Saxon- Annals, 6evepur Bpicenlanb mi6 die
where Hadrian had before made_ his of ftakes. popgypb ppam 6a: o3 6x, i- e. Severm girt in
Britain with a dike from fea And other
In which I have the Opinion of Hecfor BoSti-
to Jta.

my Severus (fays he) order'\i Hadri- Annals of later date, 6eVepur on Bpycene
us on fide.
repair d, and Stone fortreffes to be gepopbc peal op cupjrum ppam bs co 6x, i. e.
ans Wall to be
Se'oerus made a Wall of turf (or a Vallum) from
built upon it, and Turrets at juch a diflance as
the
Malmesbury alfo calls it the eminent
found of a Trumpet, againft the wind, might be heard fea
to fea.

famous Ditch. In the place whereof, a Wall

from one to another. And elfewhere : Our Annals and
tell us, that the Wall which was begun by Hadrian,
of Stone was built about two hundred years
was finifod by Severus. The learned Spaniard after ; of which we fhall have occafion to fpeak
alfo, Hicronymus Surita, tells us, that Hadri- by and by.
Fence was * carry d on and compleatcd with *r(There are fome of Severus's Coins yetVaWant. Nu-
* Longii: an s

prududtu vaft works, by Septimins Severus, and had the extant with this Infcription, RI M™f™-P-237> VICTO
Guidus Pancirolus BRIT, and on the Reverfe, the figure of Vi-^
9 '

Lift. name of Vallum given it.

clary, holding a Trophy in her left hand, and
likewife affirms, that Severus only repair 'd Ha-
drian's Wall, which was fall'n. He (fays Spar- dragging a Captive in the right. Others have
Britain by a Wall crofs the I/land, the portraicture of Severus on
Horfeback tram-
tian) fecurd
to feu i which is the great glory of his Go-
pling upon his Enemies. And lately, it is faid,
from feu
vernment : whereupon he took the name of Britanni- there was found, not far from Carlille, near the
cus. He clear'd Britain (fays Aurelms Viftor) Vallum, a flone with this Infcription, Sept. Se-
as much oj it with a vere Imp. qui Murum hunc condidit.f]
of the enemy, andfencd-m
Wall, as was judg'd for bis intereft. Which alfo As to Eutropius's making the length thirty
and other
we meet with in Spartian. And Eutropius j five miles, and Victor thirty two,
That he might make the utmofl provifion for the Authors one
hundred thirty two : I fanfy, this
fecurity of the Provinces he had got, he drew a difference muft have rifen trom a corruption in
hun-
Walljhr thirty five miles together (read eighty) from the Numerals. For the Ifiand is not one
fea to feu. And he found it necejfary (fays Orofi- dred thirty two miles broad at this place, even
the winding courfe of the
us) to [eparate with a Wall that part of the IJland though you reckon
afcents and defcents; and tho' you
which he had pojfejYd himfelf of, from the other Wall with the
Nations that were mcfwquerd. For which reajon, take your computation according to the lea-
he drew u great Ditch, and built a ftrong Wall for- Han miles, you'll make it amount to little more
ftated the
tify d with fever al Turrets, from fea to fa, one hun- than eighty, as Spartian has truly
dred twenty two miles in length. Bedc agrees with account. fLet us then try, how far thefe diffe-
him, but is not willing to believe that Severus rences may be reconciled. Eutropius fets
it at

built a Wall ; urging, that a Murus or Wall is XXXII ; and if fome others have XXXV, it
Murttt &
made of ftone,a Vallum of pales ( call'd
but is eafieto imagine, that a little inadvertency in
Vallum.
Valli ) notwithstanding which, it
and turf ; ( the Tranfcriber might change II into V. Thus
is and Murus are promifcu-
certain that Vallum far the Account feems to make for Buchanan,

oufly usM.) However, Spartian calls it Murus- that Severus's fortification was really between
and hints that Severus built both a Murus and the two Friths of Edenburrow and Dumbritton.

Gull. Mal- a Valium,

in thefe words, Poft Murum apud And Paulus Orofius (who computes its length
mesb. Vallum in Britannia mijfum. But one may ga- at CXXXII. miles) goes fo far beyond the ex-
ther from Bede, that this Vallum was nothing tent of that which reach'd trom Solway to Tin-
but a Wall of turf; and it cannot b^ affirmed mouth, that thence no true e/Kmate is to be had.
with any truth, that Severus's Wall was of flone. But it is moft likely, that this whole difference
However, take B'ede's own words : Severm ha- is to be ftated from Spartian, who (rightly)
ving quieted the Civil Commotions (at that time very afterts, that the extent of Hadrians ditch was
high) was fond-over into Britain by almofi a ge- LXXX
of this number, probably
miles. Out
neral defection of his Allies. There, after feveral (by the heedlefs change of L into C) the co-
great and difficult engagements, he thought it necejfary pyers of Orofius made
CXXX, and by acare-
to feparate that part of the IJland which he had lefs dropping of the fame Letter, the tranferi-
recover d, from the other Nations that were uncon- bers of Eutropius turn'd it into XXX. I

quer'd; not with a Murus, as fome think, but with A few years after, they feem to have begun
a Vallum. a Murus is of flone; but a Val- to neglect, this Wall. But when the Emperour
Now
lum, fuch made round a Camp to fecure it Alexander Severus (as we read in Lampridhu) why the
as they
againft the attacks of the enemy, is made of turf cut had given fuch Lands
cwwere taken from the Enemy, grounds
\j
regularly out of the ground, and built high above- to the Frontisr-garrifons and
their Officers, jo all long die m
condition that their heirs too Frontiers]
grtiund like a Wall, with the Ditch before it, out of was to be theirs, upon were granted
ifbifb ifJe turf h&s been dug ; and ftrong * Stakes were brought up m
the fervice of the Empire, and
*Sulss. to the Com-
of wood all along the brink. Severm therefore drew never put under the command of private perfons man ders ;

diligent and couragiows there.

a great Ditch, and built a ftrong earthen WaB, for- reckoning they would be more
d with feveral Turrets, from fea to fea. Nor is when they fought for their own: (I deiire, particu-
tify'

it exprefs'd by any other word than Vallum, lar notice may be taken of this, becaufe here 0r ; gEna | of
either in Antonin:n or the Notitia and in Bri We have either the original of Feitdal^tenures, or p eu dai Te-
.-

at mires.
 ;

IC 47 £ RIG AN V ES. 1048

atleift a ipt'Ctts ot them:) Tnen tue Romans
which wo,k, i.e. of an exceeding broad and high
uais'd tiic vVailj and
the Country ot Wall, the foot/leps are very vifible at this day.
fixing in It The Wall
be-
the Barbarians, built and mann'd garrifons, and begins almojl two miles from the Mmaflery Aber- tween £din-
by degrees carried the bounds ot" the Empire as curuinig to the Ea/l, in a place call 'd in the lan- b ° r?"Z h -
tar as Bodotria. Not but the Barbarians by guage oj the Picls PenuaneJ, but d
and skirmiihes, drove them back, now Englifh pL-nueltun
(allies and fo, running IVeftward, »;,"*.""" :
in that of the p£ hr;?

and
then,* to Severus's Wall. Diocletian took ends hard by the City Alcluith. But their old
to keep his ground, under whom Enemies, under/landing that the Roman Legion was
great care
the government or Britain was granted to Ca- gme,prefently fet fail, threw down the bounds, put all
rauftui, as a ptrfon every way lit to engage fuch to the fword, and {as it were) mow'd them like ripe
a defperate People j and he (as we lllajl oblerve Corn, and trampl d them under foot, and ovet -ran all
i!
RefHtuic. in its proper place) reftor'd the old Barrier in their way.
|| Upon thh, they fend Ambaffadouvs to
between Glotta and Bodotria. Confti.ntine the Rome ot.ee more, who in a mofi mournful addrefs
Great is the firil, whom we find cenfur'd tor defire afjiflance ; that their miferable Country may
Lib. 2. neglecting this Boundary. For Zofimus fays, not be utterly ruin d, and the name of a Roman
"That when of the Roman Empire Province (which had fu long flour ifl) d ammg them)
the utmofi bounds'
were, by the wife Dioclejnm, fortify d be brought under contempt by the infolence of foreign
conduct of
•with Towns, Cajiles, and Burrows, wherein all our Nations. Legion is again fent over, whhh, coming A
"Troops were garrijon'd ; it was not poffible for the over in Autumn (when they did not dream of them)
Barbarians to make inroads, their Enemy being plan- flew great numbers of the Enemy, and drove back
ted in all parts But Conjlantine y
to receive them. fuch as could make their efcape, over the arm of the
and Garrifons, removd
quitting that atflmn of Forts Sea: whereas, before that, they us* d to crofs that arm
the better half of the Soldiers from the Frontiers, and keep their fet times of Invafion and Plunder
into Towns -which had no occafion for them, and fo, manner of diflurbance. every year, without any
at the fame time, exposed the Marches to the inroads And now the Romans retir'd to Sevems's About the
ej the Barbarians., and pefler'd the Cities, that hadWall; and (as the Nutitia has it, which v. :.s year of our
Itv'd quietly and undiflurb'd, with quartering of written about the latter end of Theodofius the Lord 42°-
younger) along the Lined. Valli, i.e. ail-along*
Soldiers ; by -which means jeve> al of them -were left
5 "'!« 1
^"
The decay of dejolate without Inhabitants, Ike Soldiers themjehescne wall, on bom fides, there lay in garnfon nve$
rev iarJ
ths Roman j. g
t anriU[tt <i zuuh fiows and pleafures 3 and in a
jj wings of Horfe, with their P-,a:fecis, fifteen ^/rf ll
.
||
" * '
wo)d, laid the firfl foundation of that gradual decayCohonst t Fo^-t with their 7'nbunes, one * band, Soldiers gar-
and ruin, -which is at this day fo vifible in the and one j Jquadion. Btit ot thefe we havi "fon'd along
th Wa "'
Empire. fpuken
r in their proper places ; and fhall have, J;
,- f V Numcrus. 1 • -

Marcellin. The Country between the two Frontier-fen- occihon to i peak or them again.
r-.
Concerning \cmeus.
,

l.jS. ces was fo entirely recovered by Theodoftus, ta what toilow'd, Bede goes on thus. Then the
About the
ther of Theodoiius the Empercur, that tie built Romans told the Britains once for all, that they -would
year 367-
Cities in it, and gamfon'd the Ca(tles,and forti- not any more harrafs themfelves with fuch toiljome
fy 'd the Borders with Watches and Barriers expeditions for their defence, but advis'd them by
and having thus recovir'd it, he To compieatly ill means to betake them to their Arms, and to difpute
redue'd it to the iormer condition, as to fet the cauje with the enemy fttggefling, that they ;

* Rj^torem over it a * lawful

Governour and it was calTd wanted nothing to be too hard for them, but only to
;

legitimum.
Valtntia, inhonour of Valentinian. Alfo, Theo- quit that laz,y way of living. rfhe Romans alfo A .

S wa]] of
Cod"x Theo-^ ol ' us n ' wnen n s fignal courage had pn (hoping that that might be of confequence to their flone, the
s ^u11 ' '

dolii. moted him Allies, whom they were now fore d to leave) built afixth frm-
to the Empire, took particular care
of the Frontiers, and commanded that the Ma- firong* Hall 6f Stone from Sea to Sea, direttly by\ eniura -

UTum -
(or Scout- Mafler-General) iTiould
gifler Offtciorum thofe Cities which had been fettled there for fear of

every year tignifie to the Empeiour, how the the enemy (where alfo Severm had formerly made his
J
Soluiery flood, and what care was taken of the t Wall.) Iwiillikewife fet down GiIdas s words,f Vallum.
Caftles and Fences. But when the Affairs oi from whom Bede iiad this. Tne Romans, at the
the Empire began vifibly to fink, and the Pitts publick and private expence, joyning to themjehes the
and Scots, breaking through the Turt-wail at ajfifiance of the miferable Inhabitants, rais'da\Va\l
Blondus. Bodotria, made havock ot all thefe parts ; tin in a direct line from Sea to Sea (not like thai other,

Roman Legion under GaUio of Ravennas, was but according to their ufual manner of building) a-
fent to their affiilance, and repuls'd the Barba- long the Citii-s that had been contrivd here and there-
The fifth
rians. But they being recall'd ior the defence for fear of the enemy. But to return to Bede.
Frxiwtura.Qi Gaul, adws'd the Britains (take it in the Which Wall,fo much tailed of, and vijibk at this day,

very words ot Gildas and Bede) to build a Wall and built at the publick and private expence, by the joint
crofs the Ifland, between the two Seas, -which might labour of the Romans and Britains, eight foot wm
of the Emmy ; broad and
fecure them againfl the Incurfions twelve high, running in a direct line from
andfo they return d home, in great triumph. But eafi to wefl \ as is plain at this day to any that
Non tarn the Iflanders building this Wall *, not of flone but of (ball trace it. From which words of Bede, it is
lapidibus
^ tUYj ( as wanting skilful bands to carry on fuch a evident, that a certain learned man, inftead of
quam cefpi- the mark, put out his own eyes, when
"''great -work) it fignifed nothing, in point of Safety. hitting
cibus.
So Giidas tells us, that being ne affirm d with fo
built of tuf, not oj much zeal and eagernefs a-

-flone, and that by an unskilful rabble, -without any gainft

Boetim, and the other Scotch writers,
Diretior, it flood them in no flead. was in Scotland. Does not
Concerning that Severus's Wall
the place where this Wall was built, Bede goes Bede, alter he has done with that Vallum at
on thus Nov:, they made it between the two arms Abercuruing in Scotland, exprefly tell us of a wall
:

or bofoms of the Sea, for a great many miles toge- of flone built in the place ot Severus's turf-
ther ; that where the Waters did not defend them, wall ? and where, I pray, fhculd this P.ont-
the Wall might be a fecurity againft the Incurfions oj wall be, but between Tinmouth and Solway-frith ?
the Enemy. ( Such a Wall as this, of a vail and was not Severus's Vallum there too ? The
length, defended Aflyria againfl foreign Invasi- remains of a Wall are all along fo very vifible,
ons, as Marcellinus has told us. And the that one may follow the track ; and in the
+ Seres, j Chinefe at this day ( as we read in Oibrius ) 1
Waflcs 1 my felf have feen pieces of it for a || In VtflU.

fence their Valleys and Plains with Walls, to long way together {landing entire, except the
aflift them in keeping out the Scythians.) Of jattlements only, which are thrown down.
TAnd
 : °

<H9 The PICTS IV ALL. 1050

7.fAndyet* Archbiftiop l#kr, notwith Handing imagine to be a remain of the old Roman cu-
all this, enclines rather to the other
Opinion, ilora. They were alio bound to ferve in the

that it was at Grimefdike, and thinks this con- fummons (as it is ex-
Scotch xvdrs, upon the King's

jecture Supported by Gildas's faying) that it prtf/d in the publick Records ;) in their march
was built retlo tramite which ( fays he ) that
; thither, in the van at their return, in the
',

betwixt Bownefs and Tinmouth is not. With the 'ear.

Archbifhop agrees our late learned Bifliop or But to mark out the track of the Wall fome- The track ot
pag. Worceftfrj in his f hiflorieal account of
Church- what more accurately : it begins at latum Bul-^ s Wall, B
+ 4-
government, &c. And it is certain, that along gium, or Bulnefs, upon the lnfh Sea ; fo keeps
Grimefdike, are here and there ( as hath been along the tide of the Frith oj Eden by Burg upon
BUaus At- obferved by the * Gordons, ) feveral ruins of Sands, to LuguvaUum or Carlile, where it palleS
Stone-buildings : nor can we doubt, but there the Luna or Eden. Tnence it runs along with
were Forts or" ftone erected at due diftances the river Irthing below it, and panes the wind-
1

along that Rampier. But it is alfo certain, that ing little river of Cambeck, where are the marks
in moil places there appear no manner of re- at a vafl Cattle. Afterwards, pafling the ri-
mains ot a ftone-building ; whereas a continued vers Irthing and Poltrofje, it enters Northumber-
ftone-wall is eafily follow'd from Carlijle to land, and through thofe crowding mountains
As tor Ninnius's ftory, it is id full runs along with the river call'd South-Tine with-
Hift.Brit. New-cafile.
of contradictions, that it is not to be regarded
:
out any interruption (fave only at North-Tine,
and after all the firefs that is laid upon Gil- over which it was formerly continued by a
das's expreflion, one fhall hardly find the
fame bridge) to the very German ocean ; as I ihaU
number or" miles that the Pids Wall makes, in fhew in the proper place, when I come to Nor-
any great road in England, which goes more thumberland.
(retlo tramite ) in a ureight line, than that But this Structure, however great and won-
does.l derful, -\v as not able to flop the incurlions of

I have obferv'd the track of it running up the enemy for no fooner had the Romans left
;

the mountains, and down again, in a molt Britain, but the Piits and Scots furprize them,
furpriling manner : where the fields are make an attempt upon the wall, pull down the

plain and open, there lies a broad and deep Guards with their crooked weapons, break
ditch along the outfide of it, only, in fome pla- through the fortifications, and make a ilrange
ces it is now fiU'd up ; and on the infide
a havock of Britain, well-nigh ruin'd before with

Caufeway or Military way, but very often bro- civil wars and a moll grievous famine. But
ken and uiicontinu'd. It had great numbers let Gildat a Britain, who liv'd not long after*
or" Turrets or little
Caftles a mile one froma- defcribe to you the deplorable Calamities of
Caflle-fteeds. call'd now Caftle-fteeds ; and on the in- thofe times ;
n0 ther, The Romans being drawn home,
fort of fortify 'd little Towns, which there defend in great crowd* from their * Caroghes,* T]ie ^g^.
fide a
Chefters. they call to this day Chefters, the foundations (wherein they were brought over the f Stitick ^'fl/^Iand Scots call
whereof, in fome places, appear in a fquarr about the middle of fummer, in a fcorcbing hot fea-
their litcte

form. Thefe had Turrets between them, where fon,) a duskijb fwarm of v ermine out of their nar- jjJ'^^dS
in the Soldiers were always in readinefs to
re- row holes, or a hideous crew of Scots and PiEls, St ; t ; ca ya , 'j.

.A'eani ExpU ceive the Barbarians, and in which the Areans fomewhat different in manners,
but all alike thirfi-y^ i nt hetext s
raiores. (whom the fame Theodofiu?, we juft now men- ins. after blood, &c. Who finding that the old Cm- but the Paris
theii federates Tche Romans] were march'd home, and e^ lt )
ou
tion'd, remov'd for their treachery ) had tr ...

Hations. Thefe Areans were men in- refusd to return any more, put on greater boldnejs
an order of lbly t h e jr-

it was (as than ever, and pcffefVd themfehes of all the north, Si0U
(iituted by the ancients, whofe bufinefs Sta. j,

Marcellinus tells us) to make excurfions into the and the remote parts of the Kingdom, to the very
enemy s country, and give intelligev.ee of their moti- wall To with/land this invafion, the towers [along
.-

on to our Officers. So that the firlt rounders the wali] are defended by a laz,y garrifon, undifci-
feem to have follow'd the counfel of him who plirid, and too cowardly to engage an enemy ; being

wrote a Book to Tbeodofms and his fons, con- enfeebled with continual fioth and idlmefs. In the
cerning the Arts of War. For thus he has it mean while, the naked enemy advance with their
One of the great intcrefts of the Common-wealth, k hooked weapons, by which the miferable
Britains are
the tops of the walls and dafh'd
the care of the Frontiers, which would be better fe- pull'd down from
turd by good numbers of caftles, built at a mile's againft the ground. Tet they who were deflroy d,
diftance from one another, with a firm wall and had this advantage in an untimely death, that they
Not at the publick charge, but by the efcaped thofe miftries and fufferings, which imme-
flrong towers :

contributions of juch m have lands in the neighbour- diately befel their brethren and children- To be
hood, who are to keep watch and ward in theje, and (hort, having quitted their Cities and the high Wall,

the fields, all about ; that the quiet of the Provinces they betook themfehes to flight, and fell into a
(girt as it were round, and circled in) may be pre- more defperate and hopelefs diferfim than ever. Still
served without the leaft difturbance. The Inha the Enemy gave them chafe ; flill more cruel
* Tubulus, bitants tell you, there was a brazen * Trum- /laughters overtook them ; m Lambs by the bloody

A Trumpet pet or Pipe (whereof they now and then find Butcher, fo were thefe poor Creatures cut to pieces

to convey pj t C es,) fo artificially laid in the wall

.
between by their enemies. So that they may juftly be corn-
the -voice.
eac j^ ca ^je an( j towerj tnat U p 0n t h e apprehen- par d to herds of wild beafts ; for thefe miferable
fion of danger at any one place, by the founding people did not flick to rob one another for fupplies of
of it notice might be given to the next, and then vicluals; and fo, in-bred difjaifions enhancd the mi-

to the third, and fo on. Such a wonderiul fery of their foreign fufferings, and brought things
contrivance as this, Xiphilin mentions out of to that pafs by fpoil and robbery, that meat (the

Dio, fpeaking of the Towers at Conftantinople, jhpport of life) was wanting in the Country, and no

in the Life ot Severus. But now, though the comfort of that kind was to be had, but by recourfe to

Walls be down, and no fuch thing as a trum- hunting.

pet to be met with, yet feveral hereabouts hold Thus much is farther obfervable, That as The prudence '

Cornagc. manours and lands of the King in Carnage (as the wifdom of the Romans did io contrive ot th e Ko-
in n"
the Lawyers word it, ) that is, on condition Wall, as to have on the infide of it two JJf "* l
this

to give their neighbours notice of the incurfion great rivers (the Tine and Irthing, divided on- Wall,
of the enemy by founding oj a horn ; which fome ly by a narro'w flip of land) which might be
6 R as
 IO$I BRIG ANTES. 1052
as it were another fence ; fo down by Tradition, that the Roman
the cunning Bar- handed
barians, in their attempts commonly garrifons upon the frontiers, fet in thefe parts
upon it,

made choice of that part of thewall between abundance of Medicinal Plants for their own
Medicinal
the rivers ; that after they had broke thorow, ufe. Whereupon the Scotch Surgeons comehi-Plants.
they might have no rivers in their way, but ther a Simpling every year in the beginning of
have a clear paflage into the heart of the Pro- Summer ; and having by long experience found
vince ; as we will fliew by and by in Northum- the virtue of thefe Plants, they magnifie them
berland. As tor the ftories ot the common peo- very much, and affirm them to be very fove-
ple concerning this Wall, I purpofely omit raign. [But, of late years, moll: diligent fearch
them : but one thing there is which I will not hath been made along the Wall by a curious
keep from the Reader, becaufe I had it con- Botanift ; who could never meet with any fore
firni'd by perfons of very good credit. There ot Plants there, which are not as plentiful in
is a general perfwalion in the neighbourhood,! fome other part of the Country.!

[Obfervatiom upon the Picts Wall, in a Journey made

between Newcaftle and Carlifle, in the Tear 1708,
on purpofe to Survey it.

1 RO M the foot of the Bank been curioufly vaulted underneath, and the walls
of Stanwkky a little Village are about fix foot thick ; it has fix little Turrets
(where the Wall crones the on the top ; the Weft and Eaft end has each
Eden, and fo runs directly of them two, and the South and North fide
Weft to Blatum Bulgium ) it each of them one, in the middle ; the length
runs directly Eaft through of the Caftle is about twenty yards, the breadth
a pleafant level Country (cu- twelve, including the thicknefs of the Walls.
rioufly cmbellifiied with great plenty of Corn From the top of the Thirlewall-bznk, to
Meadow, and Pafture-grounds) for eight miles Seaven-Shale, for eight or nine miles together,Seavenfliale.
together; in all which fpace the Wall is tor the the Wall runs over the fummits of fteep, ragged,
moft part quite taken away for the building of bare, and in acceflible rocks on the north-lide,
the neighbouring houfes ; only, one obferves being built only at eight, fix, five, four, and
where the Ridge of it has been, and alfo the very often at fcarce two yards diftance from the
Trench all the way before it on the North, as very precipice. The higheft part of the Wall
alfo fome ot their little Towers or mile-Caftles that ever I faw ftanding any where be-
on the South-fide. twixt Newcaftle and CarliJIe, is at about half a
Hence, it runs up a pretty high Hill, which mile's diftance from Caervorran (which ftands
Caervorran
Naworth- lies directly north of Afowon/j-Caftle, and fo on 27«V/(?wd//-bank-head ) and there I ob-
;
caftle.
continues for about two miles, but ftill in in- ferved it to be very nigh three yards high.
dexed grounds ; in this fpace, all the middle The reft of it, to Seaven-Shaie, is often quite
part of the wall is ftill ftanding, taken away almoft to the very foundation. In
Irthing.
Hence, to the crofting of the Irthing, for other places, it ftands about a yard high or
above three miles, it runs through a large VVafte more; and here and there, for little fpaces,
for the molt part, where generally you fee the one fees the front of Afblers on the North fide
whole breadth of the wall entire, i. e. eight of it ; moft ot the neighbouring places on the
foot, and five foot, and, in fome places, about South fide having been built out of" the Stones
fix toot high. Alfo, in feveral places you fee dug out of the Wall. This is a very difmal
a fair front of Afhlers for little lpaces togethi Country, but more efpccially on the North fide,
which is generally on the North being all wild
more vifible Fells and Moors, full of Mofles
lide than the South, by reafon the front on and Loughes.
this tide is moft part taken away for thi
for the Caer-Vorran above-mentioned has been a fquare
building of the neighbouring houfes, whereas Roman City, with a deep Vallum or Trench
on the North fide there are nothing but great round it, one hundred and twenty yards one way,
Waftes. Half a mile on this fide the river and one hundred and fixty or one hundred and.
BurdilTcI. Irthing) at a place called Burdijfel, adjoyning to feventy yards the other. Great Ruins of old
the Wall, is to be feen the foundation of a very Houfe-fteeds are very vifible, with the tracks
large Caftle about one hundred and forty yards of the Streets ; and without the South fide
fquare ; the thicknefs of the Walls about four Trench, are likewife feveral long ftreets, and
foot and a half, and a deep Vallum or Trench foundations of houfes.
round it. At a place called the Ghefters, two miles Eaft Chcflers.
Where the Wall crofles Irthing is a very high of Caer-Vorran, are the Ruins of another fquare
Willowford. and deep Gill ; and hard by, is IVil/oford, where much about the compafs of the above-
City,
the Cohors prima .fEJia Dncorum had their ftation. mentioned Caer-Vorran ; where are likewife
Hence, it runs through pretty high inclofed abundance of old Houfe-fteeds, and tracks o(
Thirlwall-:
grounds,
I.
till it crofles the river Tippall at T'hirle-
houfes, to be difcerned, as there are likewife on
caftle. wall-Ca/ik, which is clofe by the North fide of the South fide Vallum of it.
the wall, and is all ftanding, except part of the At three miles diftance from the Chefters,
outfide leaf of the top of the north fide of it, hove, is a place called Little-Cbeftm, to diftin-Littlc-
which is fallen ; the Structure is fquare, and has guifh them from the other, but at a mile's di- chcftws *
lea nee
IO 53 Obfervations upon the Picts Wall. 1054
fiancetrom cheWall, Southward, with a iquare rabbi Ihot old buildings that yet remains here,
Vallum round it, and full of rubbifh ot old with the tracks of the Streets, &c.
houfes abundance of floncs with Infcriptions
: At Seaven-Sbafe on the north tide of theSeaven-Shale.
have been found here ; but as I was told, Wall, the greateft part of a fquare Roman
through the ignorance of the Country-people Caftle is ftill to be feen, {landing, and curi-
they have been all employed to mean ufes. jufly vaulted underneath, as that at T'birle-viaM
But along the Wall, and about a mile weft is.
of Seaven-Shale, are the iargeft Ruins that 1 From Sewuen-Sbale to Carraw-Brougb, the Carraw-
obferved any where the name of the place is
; W
all runs through a level and better Country Brough.
Hoofc-
Houje-fteeds ; and I believe is exactly in the midft for a mile and a half At this place, is a fquare
:
lieeds.
of the Ifland betwixt the two Seas. The extent Roman City with a Vallum about it; the
cf this City* is, as they told me, and as I gueiTed fquare one hundred and twenty yards every
alfo by my eye, almoft feven hundred yards one way. Here is much Rubbifh, with many foun-
way,and.about tcur hundred irom louth to north dations of houfes, and tracks of ftreets, to be
the other. It lies all along the lide of a pretty feen.
fteep Kill; but that part of the City, where From this place, for two miles and half, the
the Vallum or fquare Trench feems to have Wall runs over pretty high ground to C/W/tr-Chollerford'.
been, is not by far fo large. Vaft quantities of ford; and in moft' of this fpace> the true Walt
Roman Altars with Infcriptions have been here is to be feen ftanding, with a front of Afliler
dug-up, as alfo abundance of Images of their both inlide and outlide. It is in many places
Gods, feveral Coins, &c. Seven or eight Roman here, about two yards high, and the breadth
Altars are Handing there now, being lately dug- eight foot, as Ssde defcribes it and here, the :

up, three or, four of which have their Infcrip- Country is more pleafant and fertile, as it is,
tions very plain a,nd legible; one is dedicated to likew:ile on the other fide of the Ford ; being,
Hercules, another to Jupiter &
Numinibus, after we come to Portgute, for the moft part a.U
others to other Deities, and all by the Cohors incloled and pleafant grounds, as far as New-
prima Tungr or urn, which kept garrifon here; fo caftle.
that coniequently the name of this place muff At this place hath been fixed the fort Gal-
be RremeturafuWi tor at that place chis Cohort lam, and here we find the name of the two
kept garriion. I faw there alfo a great number Chejlers, the Great and Little. In the Great
of Statues ; as firft, the Pedeftal ot one that had Cheflers I could obferve nothing ; but in the
been erected to Mars, but there was nothing Little Cheflers which join upon North-Tine, I
left but part of the Feet, and on one of th obferved a large Fort one hundred and fifty or
(ides of the Pedeftal it was iufcribed Marti. one hundred and fixty yards fquare, with a
This Pedeftal might be two foot long and Vallum about it- In this there were feveral
eighteen inches broad. A
fecond Statue was heaps of rubbifh but probably the place has
;

v,ery entire, all the parts ot the body being cut been fome large Caftle, rather than any for-
in full proportion out of one entire ftone: the tified City, inafmuch as the manner of the rub-
face was young ; it had wings upon the Shoul- bifh did not fo much countenance the latter.
ders, a fortot Covering like a Mantle upon the At IValivUk-Grange hard by, I faw a very Walwlck-
body, and the feet retted upon a large Globi large and fine Statue of a naked man on horfe-Grange.
fo that I took it for a Statue of Mercury, lor back, brandifhing a Sword in his hand ; and
there was no inscription. A
third was alfo out under it was written, Majulius, or Mufuliim^
ot one entire ftone, drawn at tull length in the 'Hoy vix- An. xxx. There was alfo a Statue of
habit of a man, with a different Mantle from a woman, drawn down as low or lower than
the former, and in the left hand had fomething her breafts, and under it an Infcription, which,
refembling a ftaff, in fome parts of it ftreight, I could not very well read but however fo ;

but in other parts bending inwards and crooked. much I read cf it, as to find the was daughter
Whether this Statue was of Jupiter (for I faw no of fuch a one, wife to another, lived fo many
Infcription) holding a Thunderbolt in his years, &'c.
hand, or what elfe, I muft leave to others to From Choller-ford to Portgate, which is about por tgate.
determine. There were alfo three Statues all three miles and half diftant, the true Wall it
cut out of one ftone, and in, a fitting pofture, felt" in fome places is to be feen ftanding, juft
but they wanted the heads and fhoulders. The as I defcribed it on the other lide of the North-
bodies, thighs, and legs which remain' d, were Tine. At this Portgate, there feems to have
very bulky, fo as they might be fo manyStatues been great ruins ot old buildings, and there is
of Bacchus by their iize. Two or three others a fquare old Tower ftill ftanding, now con-
there were of men and women naked. verted into a dwelling-houfe. From Portgate to
Nigh the place where all thefe and other ra- Halton-Sbeeles, at a mile and halt's diftance, Walton-
rities were round, there was alfo a Column there is nothing but the middle of the Wall to Sheds,
above two yards in length, and two foot dia- be obferved.
meter, lying funk in the ground at one end. From Halton-Sheeks, along the Moor for two
The people ot the place have a tradition of miles Eaft (till we come oppofite to IValtovm) Waltown.
fome great houfe or palace that was at this the breadth of the Wall (\\ hich is ftill eight
place. This is at the Southermoft part of the toot) is very difcernible, as is alfo for a lit-
Eaft fide of the City, in a bottom; three hun- tle way, in fome places, the Afbler-lvant thereof,
dred yards Weft of which, upon a little emi- namely, two, three, or four fets of AfJjhr
nence, are to be feen the foundations of a above' one another; for the ftones above thofe
Chapel; and the Inhabitants do ftill call it the courfes, do very often feem rather to have been

Chapel- Chapel-fieed. Here lie two Roman Altars ; one fet up lately.
flecd. whereot is a very fair one, inferibed to Jupiter At this PVahoiun ( which is fuppofed to
& Numiuibm, as above. They told me they be Bede's Ad Murum) with a very
I converfed
had alfo a Statue drawn in the portraicfure ot intelligentman of ninety years of age, and
a Prieft, with a Safh or Girdle about him, fomething read in Hiftory yet I do not find
;

but being at a little diftance, I did not fee it ; that they have the leaft tradition of its being
probably it might be of one of their Priefts or a Royal Vill in the time of the Kings of Nor-
Flamins. It is very furprizing to fee the vaft thumberland, or, of either King Peada's, or
Sigberis
 ;

1055 BRIG ANTES. 1056

Sigbens King of the Haft-Angles, being baptized Wall to the North, even upon the highefl hills,
there by Finan Bifhop of Lindisfarne. But there excepting only the fpace afore-mentioned be-
is a place called Waltovm, a mile Eafl of Gaer- tween Caervorran and Seaven-Shale j where the
Vorran, in the way to the Cbeftm above-men- vafl and horrid fteepnefs of the Rocks to the
tioned, where is part ot a fquare little Fort North, is more than a fufficient fecurity to it.
{landing, and "where they have a tradition cf a This ditch I generally found to be twelve yards
certain King's being baptized in a Well hard by, broad at leaft, and every where very vifible, ex-
which they iliewed me; but then it by no cept in fome little fpaces in Cumberland nigh
means agrees with the diflance or" twelve miles Carlisle, where it is almoft, level with the reft
from the Sea, which Bede makes Ad Murum to of the ground; but any where eife, the leaft
be. depth is one yard and half from the North
From this IValto-um (which flands half a mile bank of the ditch; in mmy places two, three
within the Wall) for eight miles together all and four yards ; and in fome it is five or fix
the way to Newcajlle, the Wall runs over the yards deep, hewn out of the folid Reck. The
top of a great deal ol very high ground, but firfl fix yards next the North bank of the ditch

all finely inclofed; and the Country on both generally (in the foft and eaven grounds) go all
fides yields a pleating profpec~t, by the great level, to the fame depth. The other fix rife
plenty and variety of Corn, Meadow, and Pa- up gradually to the foundation of the Wall in
iture-grounds. For fix miles of this fpace, the form of a Counterfcarp. But upon the Hills, or
inner part of the Wall is generally difcernible in rocky and flony ground, very often only
by its high ridge the outer-leafs on both fides two ot three yards rife up next the Wall,
;

having long iince probably been taken away lo as to admit the Conreniency of a walk,
:

but, lor the latter two miles, from the foot of next the north fide of the Wall. For by
BenweS hills to Newcaftle, it runs along the the tradition of the Inhabitants thereabouts,
High-ltreet to WefUg;<te in Neuxaftk ; and there have been many gates fixed in the Wall,
were it not for the Ditch on the north-fide, and fo confequently there mull have been a
which runs generally through the Inclofures, and fort of Parade or Walk next the Wall.
may be traced exactly within little more than Throughout all this length, the ground
a quarter of a mile's diflance from Weftgate, it whereon the Wall runs, is admirably wel1
Wall built
could hardly be difcovered. chofen; for it is all along built upon the highefl: „_„, high
Old Wincfee- At. Old Whichever, or Vindolana, feven miles ground, and fometimes makes little turnings on Grounds,
fier. weft or Neiucaflle, are the ruinous walls ot purpofe to take it in, fo as the Country on
oblong fquare Fort to be difcerned the walls both fides generally tails lower from the Wall.
:

feem to have been five foot or more in thicknefs. And it is wonderful to obferve the many great
with a Trench or Vallum round about. This and towring mountains it runs up and down
Fort fiands at a quarter of a mile's diflance. in which refpect the advantages it has are many
the north-fide. and confiderable, compared with the Mud and
Rucheficr. At Ruckefier, within half a mile of Vin- Earthen wall ot Adrian and Sevents. For that
dolana, but on the fouth-fide of the Wall, are is generally carried along through bottoms and
vifible ruins ot a very large fquare Roman low grounds (as being more convenient for the
Cafile, with foundations ot feveral houfes in ti: digging of that fluff and matter whereof it
middle ot the Area ; the fquare, as nigh as I was compofed ; ) whereby it had this vail dis-
can guefs, may be about one hundred and titty advantage, efpccially in Nonhumberland-waPtes,
yards ; and at the well part of the fquare are that the Enemy by pofleflmg the Hills which
three or four plots of ground in the very Wall adjoin and over-top it, might thence eafily
(which feems to have been five or i\x toot thick) annoy the Roman Garrifons en the South-
for little 'lowers. This has alio a Vallum fide.
round it, and joins clofe to the Wall. The Wall we have hitherto been fpeaking
The laft great Fort that 1 obferved, is upon of, is, very little of it ( contrary to what XT , .. .

,) , j ' , .-Not built

intimated )\ built
. -

BenwelWulls, the top of Ben-well hills ; fquare, and considera- Bede hath
-i t 1

xpon that ot upon Sew.

bly larger than Rutchefier, with a Vallum alio Severus. Indeed, tor about four or five miles rut's Wall.
round it By the heaps of rubbifh, it appears directly Well from Stan-wick nigh Carlifle, it
:

to have been fome very large and confiderable feems to be built upon the fame ground; but at
Cafile, rather than a City ; though in one that diflance from Irthingtun-moor it takes a quite
place, fomething like a track of a Street, with different rout, and the very parting of the
foundations of houfes on both fides, is pretty Mud or Earthen Avail from it I fairly traced.
obfcrvable. And,_ from that place, I queflion much whether
Beiides all thefe greater Forts, and fortified ever it joined the Stone-wall again ; if it did,
Cities, above-mentioned ; throughout all the it muftbe within four or five miles of Nevxaftle
;
extent I have been fpeaking ot, are great num- but that it did fo, I could not difcover. This
bers of little Forts or Cailles, which the Inha- Mud or Earthen wall (for fo all the people that
Mik-Caflles. bitants thereabouts generally call Mile-Caftles, as live about them, call it) keeps a parallel courfe
built at every mile's end ; and fo I believe they with the Stone-wall it felf. In Cumberland,
really were, tor, at that diflance, I have ob- after the parting abovefaid, I obferv'd it for
ferved feveral. They are always either exact about a mile and half to run to a quarter of a
or oblong fquares ; but their fize or largenefs is mile's diflance or more, but after that I faw no
pretty different fome I have obferved thirty more of it till 1 came to Caer-Vorran ; and thence,
:

yards fquare, feveral of them twenty five or all along the Waftes, 1 obferved it in the low
twenty fix yards from South to North, and bottoms at half a mile's diflance from the Stone-
fifteen or iixteen from Weft to Eafl, including wall. But afterwards, tor a great many miles
the thicknefs of the walls, w'hich is likewi: together, it runs within one hundred and twenty
often different ; others of them again are twenty or one hundred and thirty yards of the Stone-
yards from North to South, and nine or ten wall, and fo, either at a lefier or greater diflance,
vards from Weil to Eafl, with the thicknefs ot I continued to obferve it tilt within four or five
the Walls. miles of Newcaftle ; and whether thereabouts,
All this fpace, betwixt Newmftk and Carliflt, it came into the Stone-wall, I am wholly un-
there lieS a dee P and broad ditch before the certain. This Mud-wall has every where a deep
Se WalT
Trench
 1

io57 Objh vat ions upon the Picts Wall.

Trench before it to the North, but general!} Wall (viz.. eight foot) it feems generally to
no: above feven or eight yards broad. nold (for both on hills and in valleys, where it
'

Caufway on AH along the infide of the Wall, there Teems was any thing where the foundation
entire, or
the inlide of
a military Stune-Caufuay to have run at twenty could be obivrved, I found it of that tbick-
the Wall.
or thirty yards difiance betwixt Portgate and
: nefs) except uponthofe fteep and ragged hills in
the Garraw one fees it pretty entire in the : the waftes, where it was little above five foot,
Waftes, I faw little of it 3 and but one or two or however not full !ix, thick.
pieces of it nigh Irthtng. As to the prefent condition of the Wall; by'Prefenn con-
The Wall is generally called by ail the Inha- much the greater part of it has been carried ofT ditior of the i

Piglit,Wall.bitants that live nigh it, the Plght or Peaght- to build houfes, and Stone- walls about Inclo- Wa!1,
Wallj gutturally, and with an afpiration, fures, which are very common in fome parts of
fcarce pronouncing the t. the Wall: As to what remains, and is not upon
The old man before-mentioned at PFalto-wn Wafles and Moors, it ferves either as a hedge-
or Ad Murum, toldme that in the middle between Pafture and Corn, or Pafture and
part of the Wall, and nigh the foundation, Meadow-ground, or elfe to diftinguifh poifief-
there was lately found a concavity of. nine fions; fo that m
thefe inclofed grounds, where
inches fquare, and in it fome pieces of lead- it has been too much taken away, fo as not to

pipe, as there had feveral times been before

in be a fufficient fence againft Beau's, one may
the like places And the tradition is current, obferve it to be rough cafi up by the Husband-
:

through all the whole extent of the Wall, of a men themfelves for gre.it fpaces together upon
Pipes or Certain fort of Pipes or Tubes they had, where- the old foundations. I obferved a great num-
Tubesjrom by, as they tell you, in an hour's time any ber of houfes, and
fomerimes whole Towns
°
momentous matter might be communicated themfelves, to Hand at this time upon the very
from Sea to Sea. foundation of the Wall.
Thlcknefscf As to Bcde's obfervation of the thkknefs of the
the Wall.

Obfervations upon that part of the Picts Wall, which

lies betwixt Newcaftle and the WaWs-eni 5 in afecond
Journey, begun May the 2$th } 1709.

ROM
Weft-gate in New- and fifty yards, in breadth twelve or fourteen,
caftle, the Wall feems to have and about eight yards deep, except on the Eaft,
continued its courfe directly where from this bottom there rifes a hill at
through the prefent Town of leaft eight or nine fathom perpendicular, whence
Newcaftle to Pandon-gate ; Co, one eafily furveys the whole Area, and which
through a piece of ground, feems to have been more particularly fet apart
whereon {lands the Keelmens- tor the worfhip of the chief Idol For this hill :

Hofpital thence, under a Houfe called the (as the Mfni'ftcr of the place, a very intelli-
:

Red-barns, and fo for about two miles and gent man, allured m'e) was artificial, and pro-
:.

half partly by the road-fide (which leads bably made of the rubbifh which was dug
to N. Sheeks) but for the greater part through out from below. This hollow and deep place
delicate inclofed grounds, to its utmofl pe- feems alfo to have been portioned into two
riod, which is nigh the town called Wall's-* fquares, a fmall fpace being only left be-
end. As on the other fide of Neixmftle, fo twixt them. Befides this hill, there feem to
likewrfe on this, the Wall has met with the be but two other places more immediately fet
like, or rather worfe, treatment, by reafon of apart for worfhip, each whereof may be about
the vaft improvements and inclofures that have fixty yards or upwards one way, and about
been made ; and the old Inhabitants thereabouts twelve or fourteen the other. But what I call
ftill tell you of vafi: quantities of Stones that Offices, are_ very numerous over the whole
plot,
have in their remembrance been dug out of it though of very different fizes and forms. As
See, p. 105 and carried away to build houfes, &c. How- to the form, they tend rnofily to a round or
•

ever the Wall it felt is flill very discernible, as oval, and fome few, fquare ; but the fize is
is likewife the Vallum on the North-fide. vaftly different, fome being only fix,feven or
The place where the Pagan Temple flood, a' eight yards in circumference ; others again
Godmundin Godmundin^aham, feems to be an exaif. femi- twelve, fifteen, or twenty. I was informed
gaham. circle (whole diameter is two hundred and thatgood quantities of Stone had been dug
fifty or two hundred and iixty yards ) being out in many places, and another place was
J
diftinguifh d into a great many parts or portions, fhown me, where feveral rows of Afilers had
whereof fome feem to be more peculiarly de- been found, a courfe of Candy metal Ivin^ be-
figned for the worfhip of the Idols, the reft twixt every row. This here tofore' fam'd pkee
The Idol- to be Offices or Appendices tor the reception goes now by the name of 'The Howes, and c!ofe
Temple. HowC5
of fuch perfons as came there to worfhip; and adjoyning thereto on the South, is a pretty
others again appear probably to have been the large piece ot ground of zm or twelve Acres
places where the Victims themfelves were flain now a Corn-field, called Cha£el-Garth-Ends\
and offered, and where all their neceflary U- The foundations of a Wall are to be feen on
tenfils, &c. were depofited. Subfervient to this the North fide, where it unices the two extre-
latter purpofe, is a place, in length one hundred mities ot the femi-circle; but all the ferr
em 1- cir-
cular
 1059 B RIG ANT ES. 1060
I cular pare feems to have been ft cured by Between the Caflle and die Walls-end, and Walls-end.
mount Earth.
ot upon the top of the Hill, the Inhabitants have
Ctfilei from |ncompafs, from NewaJMe to the end of a tradition, that the old town of Wall *$-end or
t his
Newcalth
"' Wall, I could cbferve only three et their l^indobala, tormerly flood (though what is now
the
the end olthe
Wall, Caftles two whereof were or" the common to called, itands at fomewhat more than a quar-
;

fizc, but the laft (which ftands within one ter of a mile's diftanceto the North from the
hundred and twenty yards of the Wall's end) was Wall it felt;) and accordingly they tell you,
pretty large, being from Weft to Eaft about thatvaft quantities of Stone have formerly been
twenty three or twenty four yards long, and dug out of that fpace. The ground where
from North to South at lead fixty. To the Wall is terminated, is called the Well-laws We\lL&\vs.
extremity of the South-walls whereof on ei- (as the Inhabitants think, from fome Well that
ther fide, there evidently appeared to me to was formerly there, and which, after much endea-
have been a double Wall or Flanker of Stone vour, they were never able to difcover) but
joined (though the Area within was much fhort in my opinion, from p'ealh or Wall, and berj>e
of the breadth ot the Cattle) and thence to pafcuum, as it the Saxons called it the Wall-
have been continued at lean: (ixty yards lower paflure, byway ot eminence; for the Inhabi-
dpwn the Hill, and in all probability to the tants fay, it is the richeftground in that part
very brink of the river Tine, which is not at of the Country; (but it is now meadow). This
more than fourfcore yards diflance from the feems to be the molt rational Etymology ot the
low'eft and fartneft place I could trace this word ; unlcfs any body had rather derive it
Flanker to, and not above two hundred yards from fall, and bla^e or bleajj, a rampire, or
from the Wall it felf. And this ground being hill, in refpeci: to the high fituation of the Wall
at the bottom or the Hill, and withal foft and in this place, in comparifon of the ground and
fpungy, it may pretty reasonably be concluded, the river below.
that the foundation of the Wall, during this I fpoke with feveral old people who had livedThe Wall en-
long trad of time, may have funk in, and fo hereabouts for thirty, forty and fifty years, and^ei4n lI ei '
.

lie under. upwards, and who had likewife (as they toldg ea
flankers of
From the Caflle to the Wall's-end, is (as 1 me) fpoken with others, that were long fince
Siono. faid) a fpace of about one hundred and twenty dead, ot eighty and a hundred years of age,
yards: there alfo I obferved the plain Feftigia who all unanimoufty agreed, that neither the
and Foundations of a confiderable Flanker ot Wall nor the Ditch went further than this
Stone, turning from the utmoft point of the place ; nor could they ever meet with the
Wail, directly Southwards, for at lea ft one hun- Vt-ftigsa cf them in the roads to Sheelds or "fin-
dred yards, in length, partly upon the top, and mouth, which lay in a direct line from the Walls-
partly iipon the declivity of the Hill. And nd, and were at about half S mile's diftance
though J could not dbferve it farther, by reafon trom the 'Tine. Nor indeed could I find the
ot the foit and fpungy nature of the foil; yet Icaft appearance either cf Wall or Ditch,
I do not at all doubt but it was extended into though I fought very diligently through feveral
the "Tine it felt, which flows but one hundred fields ; fo that I am entirely fatisfied, that the
or one hundred and twenty yards lower than Romans thought the breadth and depth of the
where I could trace it to. And to ftrengthen late (which is now within four miles of the
this conjecture the more, there are the evident Sea, and no where fordable) a fufficie-nt fecu-
marks of a large Vallum or Ditch, ftill fairly rity.l
to be difcerned without, upon the Eafl fid

\^jin Account of the (a) Divifion of Cumberland by William

the Conquerour amongft his Followers ; taken out of two an-
cient Latin Manufcripts in the Library of the Dean and
Chapter of Carlifle, carefully Collated by the Reverend
Dr. Hugh Todd.
1 N G William,
- firnam'd the de Logis m the Barony of Stanpcn. He inreoffed
Baftard, Duke of Normandy, alfo Waldevm, (on ot Gofpatricim Earl of Dun-
Conqueror of England, gave all bar in Scotland, in all the Barony of Allerdale
the Lands of the County of between Wathenpole and Darwent.
Cumberland to Ranulphm de Mef- The atorefaid William de Mefchins Lord of
chins and to Galfridm, Bro- Coupland, infeofted Wuldtvm fon of Gofpatricim,
ther to the faid Ranulphm, he in all the Land that lies between Cocar and
gave the whole County of Cheflre : and to Wil- Darwent, and alfo in thele five Townfhips,
liam another brother, he gave all the Land of Brigham, Eglyfeld, Dene, Brainthtxaite, and Gri-
Ccupland, between Duden and Darwent. fothen : and in the two Cliftons and Staneburne.
Ranulphm de Mefchins infeofred Rubbertm (b) de He inleofied alfo Odardm le Clerk in the tourth
Waux in the Barony of Gillifland ; and Ranul- part of Croflwaite, pro Cujlodia Afturcorum (c) fuo-
phm his brother, in Sowerby, Carlatcn, and Hub- rum, i. c. tor keeping his Gofhawkes.
brightby. And Robert the third brother, in the Galfridm de Mefchins Earl of Cbeiler dy'd
Barony of Dalflon. He intcoffed alfo Robert De- without iflue and thereupon Ranulphm de
:

flrivers in the Barony of Burgh, and Richerm de Mefchins became Earl of Cheflre ; and furrender'J
Boyoile m the Barony of Levington ; and Odardm to the King nil the County of Cumberland on
this

(a) Iciecall'd Difiribtttio Cambria a& Conqutfium A*gti* inter GeMes. Sir William Vu«dak culls it Chronicon
Cumbria; and fo the Lord William Howard has fliled ic in one of the Manufcripts, but it is a miltake; for that piece
of Antiquity, if it be extant, was of another nature, and writ by one Everardus Abbot of fiolmt Cult ram, temp.
H. 1, It was faid to be in the Library of Sir Thomas Govoer Baronet ; but upon fearch it could not be found,
(b) V»m. MS.B. (e) Aufturcorum. MS. B.
tlus condition, That all thofe who held Lands efpoufed Alicia daughter of Robert de Rumeney,
of him in Fee, fhould hold of' the Kifigin Capite.Lord oiSkipton inCraven : which Robert had mar-
Tue forelaid Waldsvm, fon of P^arl Gofpairi- ried a daughter of Mefchins (i) Lord of CouplanJ.
cim, mteotfed OdanUs de Logis, m the
Barony ot This William had by this Alicia his wife, a fen
Wygton, Dondryt, Waverton, Blenccgo, and Kirk- cail'd William de Egremtnd (whody'd
under age)
bride : which Od.irdm de Logis founded the and rhree daughters. The eldeft,
nani'd (k) Ckilia,
Church or IVygton ; and gave to Qdardm Ton being a Ward, was married by King Henry
to
at Liolj'e, Tulentyre and Cajllerige, with the William le Grofs Earl of Albemarle, with the
J
Foreft between Cakre and Greta : and to the Honour of Skipton for her Dower.
The fecond,
Prior and Convent of Gkburne he gave Appkton nanAi Amabilla, was married to
Reginald de
and Bricekirk, with the Advowfon of the Church Luce, with the Honour of Egremond, by the
there. He gave alfo to Adam fon of Liolfe, Ul- iame King Henry. And the third, nam'd Alicia
dendale and Gilcrute : and to GemeHta fon of de Romelic, was married to Gilbert
Pipard, with
iBj-bb, Ifof&f i and to Waldevm ion or Gilemi- Ajpatrike, and the Barony of Allerdale
and the
nim, with Ethreda his iifter, he gave Brogham, Liberty of Cokermoutb, by the laid King Henry :
RihtOih al 'd £i#& Brogham, and Dmwaldcje and and afterwards by the Queen, to
Robert de
Bowaldefe,ad imam Logiam, for a Lodge or Houfe Courtney: bur (he dy'd without
Heirs cf her bod;-.
lor a Ranger. He gave alio to 0«w»i fon of William le Grojs, Earl of Albemarlie, had by
_

Ketellus, Seton, Camberton, Flemingbi, Craikfothn, his wife Ckilia,

ffdhaifia (I) ; to whom fucceeded
in marriage with Gurwelda his filler : And to William de Fortibns, Earl of Albemarlie .-
to whom
Dolfinus fon of Abwaldus, with Matilda another fucceeded another William de Fonibus
; to whom
iiiler, he gave Appltthwaite and ££tt& Qm£/, £mz- fucceeded Aveliua, who
was efpoufed to Lord
gr*g<? and Brigham, with the Advowfon of the Edmmd, brother to King Edward, and dy'd
Church there. He gave alio to Melbetb his without heirs, &c.
Phylician, the Town of Bromefeld ; faving to Reginald de Luce by Amabilla his wife, had (m)
himielf the Advowfon of the Church there. Alicia. To Amabilla fucceeded Lambert de Mul-
Alarms, ion and heir of the faid Waldevus, ton : To him fucceeded Tbomas Multon
de Egre-
gave to Ranulphus Lyndfey, Bleuerhajfet and Uk- mond. And to Alicia fucceeded Tlmnas
de (n)
manby, with Etbereda his lifter. To Utbredus, Luce, to whom iuccecded Thomas his fon ; who
ion ot Fergus Lord of Galloway, in marriage was fucceeded by Antbony his Brother.!
with Gurnelda (d) his other lifter, lie gave Torpen-
huw, with the Advowfon of the Church there.
He gave alfo to CateUus de Spenfer (e), Tbrepeland.
He gave alfo to Herbert the Manour of Tburesby, More rare Plants growing
wild in Weftmoreland
for the third part of a Townfliip. He gave and Cumberland.
alfo to Gofpatrkim, fon of Ormtu, High Ireby for
rhe third part of a Townfliip, He gave alfo Lan. Eruca Monenils laciniata lutea. Jagged
to Gamellm le Brun, (f) Rughtwaite, for a third yellow Rocket of the
Ifle of Man. la Sella fields
part of a Townfliip. He gave alfo to Radul- Sea-bank, found growing abundantly
by Air. Lawfon.
pbm Eugaiue, Iffael, with the appurtenances ; Echi'um marinum P. B. Sea-Bughfs. On the
and Blencrake with the Service of Newton. And Sea-J/jore nearWbite-hazm plentifully, Mr. Newton.
the fame Alanm had one Baftard-brother nani'd W. Gladiolus lacuftris Dortmanni cur. Cluf.
Gcfpatricim, to whom he gave Buulton, Baflin- poft. Water Gilly-jlowcr or Gladivle. In the Lake
thwaite and Efterbolme. And to Odardus he cail'd Hulls-water, which parteth Weftmoreland and
gave Newton, with the Appurtenances. And Cumberland.
to his three Huntfmen, Sletb (&)and his Compa- Orobus fylvaticus noftras. Englijb Wood-
nions, Hayton. To Uclredm he gave one Carrucat vetch. At Gamblesby about fir. miles from Pereth in
ot Land in Aspatrike, on condition that he the way to New-caftie, in the hedges and
pa/lures
fhould be his Summoner (Summonitor) in ASer- plentifully.
dak. He gave alfo to Delfinm fix Bovates or Vitis Idxa mngna quibufdam, live MyrtiUus
Oxgang of Land in High-Crosby, that he fhould grandis
J. B. Idaea foliis fubrotundis exalbidis
be Serviens D. Regis, the Kings Serjeant in AUer- C. B. Man loliis fubrotundis major Ger. Vac-
dale. And to Simon de Sheftelyngs lie gave one cinia nigra fruciu inajore Park. The great Bil-
Moiety or Denim And to Dolfinm, fon of beny-bujb- In the fame place with the precedent,
.-

GofpatriciMi, the other Moiety. He gave alio but where the ground is moijl and marjhy.
to Waldevm, fon ot Dolfinm, Brakanthwaite.
And to the Priory of St. Bega, he gave Stain- An Additional Account of fane more rare Plants
burne. And to the Priory ot Carliol, he gave objeru d to grow in Weftmoreland and Cumber-
the body of Waldevm his fon, with the Holy land, by Mr. Nicholfon, Arch-deacon of Car-
Crofs, which they have yet in potlefiion ; and liile ; and now Lord Bijhop of Derry.
Crofsby, with the Advowfon of the Church
there ; with the Service that Vclrcdm owed Cannabis fpuria fl. magno albo perelegante.
him and alfo the Advowfon of the Church of About Blencarn, in the parip of Kirkland, Cum-
:

Ajpatrike, with the Service of Alanm de Brayton. berland.

He gave them alfo the Advowfon of the Church Equifetum nudum varlegatum minus. In
of Ireby, with the Suit and Service of Waldevm the meadows near Great Salkeld ; and
in mofl of
de Langthwahe. the like Jandy grounds in Cumberland.
The fame Alanm fon of Waldevus, gave to Geranium Barrachoides longi'iis radicatum,
King Henry (b) the Fields of the Foreft of Aller- odoratum. /;/ Mardule and Martindale, We/lm,
dale, with liberty to hunt, whenever he fliould Hefperis Pannonica inedora. On the banks of
lodge at Holme-Cultrane. To this Alanus fuc- the Rivulets about Dalehead in Cumberland, and
ceeded William fon of Unmans E:;rl of Murrayfe, Graifniire in Weftmoreland.
Nephew and Heir to the faid Alanus, as being Orchis palmata paluftris Dracor.tias. Upon
fon to Ethreda, lifterto his father Waldevus. the old Mill-race at little Salkeld, and en Lanc-
The forefaid William, fen of Dumanus, wathby-ift/w, Cumberland.
Cyno-
(d) Gunilch, MS. B. (e) Le Dcfcnisr, MS. B. if /fa!. & Ru^h. M?. B.
)
( g) Sellf, MS. B, (b) D. FT.
Ryi" Scnivri, MS. B. (i) WiUitlmi de Mtfrkins, MS. B. ft) Seff. MS. B. and Silhia. {I) £Iatsmfia.
[m) Kiibardum de Lucy AmabiUam $ ASiciam, f«) Qcu: fcquantur, defanc MS. B.
1063 BRIG ANTES. 1064.
Cynoforchis miliraris purpurea odoratri. On by this induilrious Author, his Discoveries in
Lance- Moor near Newby, and on Thrimby- Botany are n >t the leall valuable: And, in die! •,
Cojwnon, IVeJlmoreland. he (hews, that not only the choiceft Moil'-'S
Serratula foliis ad fummitatem ufque indi- and other imperfect Plants, which Mr. Ray and
vilis. Found firfi by Reginald Harrifon, a Qua- his Followers had reckon'd to be properties ot
ker, in the Ba\rmy of Kendal, IVeJlmoreland. our Northern Britijh Hills, are like wife Hehe-
Thlafpi minus Clulii. On moft Limeflone pa- tick ; but that fome others oi a more noble
flares in both Counties. kind (fuch us the Acetofa rotundifolia repens Ebo-
Tr.igopogon Purpurcum. In the fields about raceniis, Akhimiila Alp'mu pentapbylhs Raij, Bi-
Carlifie and Rofe-Caftle, Cumberland. florta Alpina pumila Moriionj, tic.) whole very
Virga aurea latilblia ferrata. C. B. It grows as names befpoke them to be the natural Indigents
plentifully in our fields at Salkeld as the Vulgaris of this Iflaiid, are not fo conrin'd as we thought
which is as common us any Plant we have. they had been. Thefe therefore, being as well
Natives of Switzerland as Great Britain, may in-
duce our Naturalifts to make a more ftri£t En-
N. B. The natural Products of the two quiry, whether they have more of the fame
mountainous Counties, of Cumberland and PVejl- Neighbours, in both Countries, than has hi-
morland, are generally much of the fame kind therto been obferv'd : Whether ( for example )
With thofe ot the Alpine parts of Switzerland ; the Trifolium Alpinum Rtmicum, and the Eu-
as appears from the accurate Account which phrasia Helvetiorum lutea, be not as well to be
has been given, not long fince, of that Coun- found amongft our Mountains, as the Lanca-
try by Dr. Scheuchz,er, a learned Phyfician at shire and Scotch Afphodels are upon thofe of the
Zurich, and Fellow of our Royal Society, Swrfs andGriJons ?
mongft the many curious Observations made

OTT A-
1065 1066

OTTADINI.
E XT after the Brigantcs, Ptolemy places thofe, who (according to the variom See the Gtie-
readings of federal Copies) are cali'd Ottalinij Ottadeni, and Octadini. \ AU ni > in Scot :
an *
the Copies which Dr. Gale had perufed, read QtuSwoI, Qrowtnw, Sec. with a Jin-
gle and Selden'j Manuscript contrails the word ( as it doth moft others of
t ;

the like kind) into fiT*JW.l Infiead of all -which, I would willingly, with a
very eafie alteration, read Ottatini ; that fo the word might Jignifie beyond or
upon the river Tyne. 'Thus, the name of the Inhabitants would exatlly agree
with the fituation of their Country. For this People were feated beyond the Tyne :
and our modem Britains call that Country in Wales which lies beyond the river .

Conway, Uch-Conway ; that, beyond the Mountains, Uch-Mynyth ; beyond the IVood, Uch Coed ;

beyond the River Gyrway, Uch-Gynvay. Nor mild it be at all improper, if, by the fame rule, they
nam'd this Country that is Tyne, Uch-Tin J out of which, by a little disjointing :'
beyond the
lowing of the word, the Romans feem to have form' d their Ottadtni. Yet fince {as XiphlHfle
out of Dio NiciEus) all the Britains that dwelt near the forementiond Wall, were cali'd Mouarai, or M
Mxata: ; it is reafonable to believe that our Ottadini (living on the Wall) were fame of thoje Mas t-

tx, who, in that remarkable Revolt of the Britains, wherein the Caledonians were brought into the
Confederacy, took up Arms : when the Emperour Severus gave orders to his Soldiers to give no Quarter
to the Britains, in thofe words of Homer;

————Minis 'vsrepyuyeiv gutwv o/\$£pv Iliad. 3.

Kvgpv sdyfee (ps£pt

}
(mS^ os <p\iy>t cu'ttvv oteQepv.

- None our Arms fhall fpare,

None fhall efcape the fury of the War :

Children unborn fhall die,

["Humphrey Lhuyd places thefe People about Lothian in Scotland and herein he is not contradi&ed :

by Buchanan, who never fails of contradicting himt when he can have an opportunity. AH agree, that
they were Pifts ; and therefore, if they did inhabit fome part of this County, it mufl have been beyond
the Wall. Poffibly, Nxata? is the true reading ; and then, they are more probably placed near the Wall
or Rampire ; for Naid or Nawd, in the old Britifb, fignifies a Defence or Security. And why might
not the Tranfcribers of Dio (for he is the only perfon of Antiquity that mentions thefe People ) turn
his Na-ata: into Msata: ; as well as the tranfcribers of Marcellinus have made Attigotti, and Cata-
cotti, and Catiti, out of his Attacotti ?
Bat to return : 1 The ftorm of that Rebellion was calmd by the death of Severus, who dy'd at York,

in the midjl of his preparations for war. A good while after, this Country feems to have been part of
Valeatia for fo Theodolius nam'd it, in honour of the Emperour Valentinian, after he had van-y
:
t .-
*
quip d the Barbarians, and recover d this loft Province. But} in the Saxon wars, thefe ancient names
grew out of date ; and all thofe Counties which lie North of the Frith of Humber, took the Saxon
Name of Nop^an-bumbpa-pic, i. e. the Kingdom of the North-Humbrians. And yet even this
name is now loft in the other Counties; being only retain d in this of Northumberland Which we ;

are now to vifit.

6 T NORTH-
 '

1067 1068
I
f
NORTH-HU MB ER- LAND.
\
Orthumberland, call'd by the which we call Sea-coals, are dug very plen- Sea-toai.
Saxons Nopf an-bumbep-lond. tifully, co the great benefit of the Inhabi-
lies enclos'd in a fort of Tri- tants.
angle, but not Equilateral. On The nearer part, which points to the South-
the South, towards the Coun- weft,and is call'd Hexamjhire, had for a iongHexamfhire.
ty of Durham, it is bounded time the Archbifhop of York for its Lord
and ;

with the river Dcrwent running
into Tine, and with Tine it felf. The Eaft-iide
is wafiYd with the German Ocean. The Weft
(reaching from South-well to North-eaft) fronts
challengd (how juftly I know not) the Rights
of a County Palatine : but when
f lately it be- 1 So fald,
came part ot the Crown Lands, by an exchange 3 ™' 1607.
made with Archbifhop Robert, it was, by Act

^*
*From above; Cumberland for more than * twenty miles to-

'
t,,e
gcther, and thenl Scotland; and is firft bounded
with a ridge of Mountains, and afterwards
of Parliament, annex'd to the County of
thumberland, being fubjeded to the fame
cature, and the Writs direfted to the Sheriff
Nor-
Judi-

with the river Tweed- Here were the Limits thereof. TWhich is to be underftood only of
of both Kingdoms over which (in this Coun-
: Civil matters ; for it's Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiction
ty) two Governours were appointed ; whereof is not the fame with the reft of the County
;
Wardens ot' tnc one was ftil'd Lord Warden of the Mid- it being ftill a Peculiar
belonging to the Arch-
he k ' che5
die Marches, and the other of the f Eafiem. bifhop of York.l
-
!, ^
ders. The Country it felf is moftly rough and br~- South Tine (fo call'd, if we believe the Bri- South-Tine.
+ Wefte: rcn, and feems to have harden 'd the very car- tains, from its being narrowly pent up within
C. cases of its Inhabitants whom the neighbour- its banks ; for fo much Tin fignifies, fay fome,
:

ing Scots have render'd yet more hardy, fome- in the Britifh Language) riling in Cumberland
times inuring them to war, and fometimes ami- near Alflenmoor, where there is an ancient Cop-
cably communicating their cuftoms and way per-Mine ; runs by Lambley (formerly a Nun- Lambley.
of living ; whence they are become a moft war- nery built by the Lucies, but now much worn
like people and excellent horfe-men. And, away by the floods,) and Eitherfion-imugh, the
Fetherftora.
So, Ann. whereas they have generally devoted themfelves feat of the ancient and wcll-defcended Family
1^07. t0 warj there is not a man of fafllion among of the FetherBom, [(who being extinct, the Lands
them but has his little Caftle and Fort ; and fell into thepofleffion of Fetherfton Dodfon;)!
fo the Country came to be divided into a great and, being come to Bellifier-Cafile, it turns East-
Many Baro-many Baronies, the Lords whereof were anci- ward, keeping a direct courfe, along with the
ronies 1 ently (before the days of Edward the firft) u- Wall, which is no where three miles diftant from
Northum-
fually ftil'd Barons ; though fome of them men it.
berland.
of very low Fortunes. But this was w'ifely For the Wall, having left Cumberland, and Pias-Wall.
done of our Anceftors, to cherifh. and fupport crofs'd the little river of Inking, carry'd anlrthirag, rlv.
Martial Prowefs, in the borders of the King- Arch over the rapid brook of Poltrofs ; where Ipoltroft.
dom, at leaft with Honours and Titles ; fand fa\v large Mounts caft-up within the Wall, as
very good Baronies they were, according to thi if defign'd for watching the Country. Near
old and true import of the word. For tht this place Hands Thirlwal-caftle (no large ftru- ThirfwalL
Alciat. de Civilians define .1 Barony to be, Merum mi cture) .which gave feat and lirname to an ancient See before,
Sing. Cert, fltimque Imperium in aliquo Caftro, Oppidove, con- and honourable family, that had formerly I0 5'-
the p *

c, -2 Such a Jurifdicliion it was re- name of Wade. Here, the Scots fore'd a paf-
3 cejjione Principis.

quisite the Men ot rank lhould have hereon the fage, betwixt Inking and Tine, into the Pro-
Borders and upon obtaining the Grant, they vince fof Britain^] And the place was wifely
:

"

Spelm GlofT^' 61 P r0 P er 'y

Barones Regis &
Regni. All Lords enough chofen, as having no rivers in the way
Baro. 'of Manours are alfo to this day legally nam'd to obftruct their inroads into the bowels of
Seld.Tit. Barons, in the Call and Stile of their Courts, England. But the Reader will tliQ better under-
p. 2.c. 5. w ldch are Curia Baronum, &c.l However, this Hand this matter and the name of the place,
Character of Baron they loft, when ( under from John Fovdon the Scotch Hiftorian, whofe -
Scoi0mChr(in l( .

Edward the firft) the name began to be appro- words, fince his book is not very common, it Fordon.
J.
were fummoned by the KiiH may not be amifs to repeat. The Scots ( fays
priated to fuch as
to the High Court of Parliament. TNot but he) having conquer d the Country on both fides the
before King Edward the firft's time, the name Wall, began to Jettle themselves in it ; and fummo-
of Barones was occasionally apply'd to the Peers ning-in the Boors (with their mattocks, pickaxes,
in Parliament. Thus, in the famous Conteft rakes, jorks, and /hovels) cans''d wide holes and gaps
about the Votes of Bifhops in Criminal Mat- to be made in it, through which they might -readily
A. D. iie^.ters, in the reign of Henry the fecond, we have pafs and repafs. From thefe gaps, this indented part
this decifion of the Controverfie, Archiepifcopi. got its prejent name : for in the Englifo tongue the
Epifcopi, &c. ficut exteri Barones, debent interejje place is now call'd ThirlwaU, which, render'd in La-
Matt. Par. judkiis Curia Regis cum Baronibus, anoufque per- tin, is the fame as Murus perforatus. From hence,
p. 10: veniatur ad diminutionem Membrorum vel ad mor- fouthward, we had a view of Blenkenfop; which Blenkenfof.
tem : i. e. Archbifhops, Bifhops, &c. in like gives name and dwelling to an eminent family,
manner as the reft ot the Barons, ought to be and was anciently part of the Barony of Ni-
prefent at the Judgments in the King's Courts cholas of Bolteby, and is fituated in a Country
together with the Barons, until it come to di- pleafant enough. THere, not many years fince", Pbil.Tranf.
minution of Members, or to death : And many was found a Roman Altar, with the following N a 3 x * -

other like Inftances might be given.] On the Inscription :

Sea-Coafts, and along the river Tine, the ground

( with tolerable husbandry) is very fruit-
"
ful but elfcwhere, much more barren and rug-
:

ged. In many places the Stones Litbanthraces,\ Beyond

Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
o
a
o

I
IO&9

ippaU, riv.fi

be
eat
pac
hou
tairi
that
Flint
Maiden- tains,
Cattle.
It is a
ready
in a ne
ancient
tirinem,

* Pofuft li-
bers merito.

:aer-vorran. Tllis P Iace lS - , SVA. S.

was anciently n
See before,
p. 1052. mine, fince the •«
POSVIT VOT
of the Stations tl, . JV/U a along the
...AO SOLVI T LIBE
Wall, and none t. uie Infcriptions afford us NS. TVSCO ET BAS
At Tdv>in.
any difcoveries. fit may, not improbably, be so coss. In the year of
-
Glanoventa for there is a place near it, which
«Ie, Inner.
|
is

to
m G
Ca]1
Walwkk
>
d
;

frn _ we2t The diftance from hence

_

will fuit well enough with the Iti-

Chriftasp.

Tiiis imperfect. Altar was alfo brought from

nerary and it is not the firft Elbow which thence ; which
; is now at the little Hamlet of
Antanine has made, in his Roads, through this Mdkrtgg.
part ot the Country. Thus, by fetching-in
Caftra Exploratorum, he makes it twenty tour
miles from Blatum Bulgium to Luguvalhm :
whereas, by the common Road, it is only ten
ttEAE
 :

io6 9 NORT H-HU MBER-LAND. 1070

Beyond Thirl-wall, the wall opens a paffage very fhort ones.l But whatever it was,
the
Tippall, riv.for the rapid river of Tiff at ; where, on the Wall near it was built much higher and
firmer
defcent of a hill, a little within the wall, may than elfewhere ; for within two furlongs
of it,
be feen the^ draught of a fquare Roman Fort, on a pretty high hill, it is flill ftanding,
fifteen
each fide of which is one hundred and forty foot in height, and nine in breadth,
on both
paces in length : the very foundations of the fides * Ajhler ; though Bede fays, it was only * Quadrato
houfes, and tracks of the ftreets, being yet twelve foot high; Twhich Account may yet belapide.
fairly difcernible.The JVardms-men report, fairand true in general. For in fome places
that there lay a high Street-way, payed with on the Waftes, where there has not been any
Flint and other Stone, over the tops of the moun- extraordinary Fortification, feveral fragments
Maiden- tains, from hence to Maiden-Caftle on Stawmor.
Ca9!e.
come near that height, and none exceed it. His
It is certain, it went directly to Kirkiytlm, al- breadth alfo (at eight foot) is accurate enough
:
ready mention'd. An old woman, who dwelt For, wherever you meafure it now, you will
in a neighbouring cottage, fllew'd us a little always find it above feven.l
ancient confecrated Altar, thus infcrib'd to Vi- From thence the Wall bends- about by bier- Iverton.'
tirinem, a tutelar God of thefe parts. ton, Forfleii, and Cbe/ier in the Wall, near Bufy- Fc-riten.

gaff, noted for Robberies ; where we heard

Che " er!ntIie
there were forts, but durff not go and view
DEO them, for fear of the Mofs-Troofers. This Che-
fler, we were told, was very large, infomuch as
BuiWap

V T
I I I guefs it to be the ilation of the fecond Co-

RI N E--- hort of the Dalmatian! which the Nbtitia calls

— LIMEO Magna ;

fcription.
where may be read the following In-

RO V
•Poluitli-
berzs mei-ito.
* P. L. M. PRO SALVTE
DE S D E N
I M I I

....LIANI PR JE
This place is now call'd Caer-iiorran : how it T
;aer-vorran. E S V A. S.
See before,
p. 1052.
was anciently nam'd, I am not able to deter-
mine, fince the word hath no affinity with any
POSVIT VOT
of the Stations that are mention'd along the ...AO SOLVIT LIBE
Wall, and none of the Infcriptions afford us NS. TVSCO ET BAS
any difcoveries. Tit may, not improbably, be SO C O S S. In the year of
•At Kwia, \Glanvuenta ; for there is a place near it, which
Chrift259.
*ale, Inner. >
is &m
call d G&! _ rof /fi The d iftancc from hence
to IVahmck will fuit well enough with the Iti- This imper fed Altar was alfo brought from
nerary and it is not the firft Elbow which thence ; which is now at the little Hamlet of
;

Amanine has made, in his Roads, through this Melkrigg.

part of the Country. Thus, by fetching-in
Cajlra Exploratorum, he makes it twenty four
miles rrom Blatnm Bulgium to Luguvallum
whereas, by the common Road, it is only ten
UEAE
io7 i OTTJDJNI. io 72
ninus the Philofopher, upon the breaking out of
cue Britijb wars, aboutthe year of our LordCapitolimii.
Theft two In- DEAE S VRI 170. At which time,fome Cohort under his
fcriptions at*
AE SVB CALF command erected this Altar to the Goddefs .Sa-
now in the
houfe of Sir
VRNIO AG--- ns, who was drawn by Lions, with a Turret
Robert Cotton ICOLA LEG. AVG on her head and a Taber in her hand ( as is
of (.onning- PR. PR. A LICINIVS fhewn at large by Lucian, in his Treatife ds
ton. — LEMENS PRAEF Dea Syria; ) and whom Nero, as forrily as heSueton. in
— A. IOR
III. treated all Religion, very zealoully worfliip'dNero. c. 56.
for fome time ; and afterwards flighted her to
to that degree, as to pifs upon her. TAs toSammes,2^p.
the laft line of this Infcription, others give it5p e =d-Chron.,
gladly (and the more COR HAMIOR. $£**• &
Which, if I might, I would fully thus, I.

Dta Surta characters feem to allow it) read thus De^Suria-.

: Befides thefe, at a place call'd the Houfe-fieads,pbil."Tran£
;

fome will fub Calphurnio Agrkola Legato Augufli Propratore, hard by, have been found of late years abun-N. 278.
have her to
be Juno,
Lkinius Clemens Prafethts. Now
Calphurnius A
dance of Roman Monuments. For inftance,
gricola was fent againft the Britain* by M. Anto-
others Venw,

EJNVMINIBVS
AVGCOHI- M
VENO RI I-in/MIKflliV^
TVNGROR G oYimoms AVGCOHTTY
NGRORVM
CVTPKAEEJT ROMVLQMIMAHI
MILCVi-q^EE
O-IVLMAXI ^lANSVETIOSEWICIONI ST Q* VERMS'
MVS-PRMF REVWCEOVAKTiONET SWERSTIS
ERLUPROCVKAVJT-DEL7
Vi-RAVTIONIS-EXG^- PRAEFECTVS

Some years ago, alfo, on the Weil-fide of this found there, flrengthen the conjecture. The
Garrifon, was difcover'd, under a heapofRub- name of the river alfo, whereon it is feated,
bifli,a fquare Room ftrongly vaulted above. argues as itrongly for this place, as Wefi-Alon
and paved with large fquare Stones ; and under can do for Whitley ; where Dr. Gale and others
this,a Lower room, the roof of which was fix it.]
fupported by rows of. fquare pillars, about half But to return to the Wall. The next ftation
a yard high.l on the Wall, beyond Bufy-gap, is now call'd
Willifflotes-
From hence we had a view of WiUimotes- Seaven-fhale
; which name it you allow me toseavenfhalc.
wick. wide, rheretoforel the feat of the worfhipful derive from Saroiniana, or rather Sabiniana ala, I
family of the Ridleys fbut now belonging to will roundly affirm this place to be that Hun-
the family of the Blackets ; 1 and of the river num where the Notitia Provinciarum tells us the
Alan, tiv, Alon, which empties it felf into Ttne with Sabinian Wing were upon ducy. Then, beyond
both the Alons being now met
pompous rattle, Camaw and Walton, ftands Wahuick, which fome
in one chanel. On Eaft-Alon flands a villa^ have fanfy'd to be the Gallana of Antoninus .-Gallana.
Old-Town, now call'd Old~Town t Twhich feems more likely in all which places there are evident remains of
Co be the Alone of Antoninus (call'd in the Liber old fortifications ; fBetween Carrow and Wal-
Notitiarum, Alione) than any other place which wick, the Wall hath been repaired, and fronted
has hitherto been thought of. It anfwers belt with its old Stones again, upon which havephf], Tranf;
the diflances, both from Galana and Galacum ; been obferv'd the following Inscriptions, N. 278.
and many Roman Antiquities, which have been

CoHVI v COH X A
DDELIMIX riRh )pp| ' IVNRV N

Here,
 ;

xo73 NO RT H-HU MBE R-LANT). 1074

North-Tire. Here, North-Tine ctofles the Wall. It rifes in may we not hence conjtclure, that here was
the mountains on the borders of England and that Breni'.nium, fo induftrioutly audio long Bremenium,
Scotland; and firil, running Eailward, "waters fought for, which Ptolemy mentions in thele
Tindale. Tmdale (which has thence its name ; [and. was parts, and from which Antoninm begins his firft
by Act or' Parliament made part or" the County journey in Britain, as from its ucmoft, limit.
[i H. 7. c, 9- of Northumberland, in the reign of King Henry For the bounds of the Empire, were, feas, great
the feventh ; )1 and afterwards receives the rivers, mountains, defart and unpayable coun-
Read, riv.
r i ver g eaift which falling from the fleep hill of tries (fuch as are in this part) ditches, walls,
True-place, ^ eaaJ^ u(where was frequently the True-place, empailures, and efpecially caftles built
i re the m
that is, which the Lords raoft fufpefted places, of the Remains of which
the place of conference, at
Wardens Marches of both King- there is great plenty here. Indeed, fince the
ot the Esftern
doms determin'd the difputes of that Barbarians, having thrown down Antoninus Pius 's
ufually
part of the borders,) gives its name to a valley Wall in Scotland, Jpoil'd this Country, and fince
very thinly inhabited by reafon of the rob- Hadrians Wall lay unregarded till Severus's time,
beries. we may believe the Limits of the Roman Em-
Both thefe Dales breed molt notable Bog- pire were in this place and hence the old Iti- :

Trotters ; and both have fuch boggy-top'd nerary, that goes under the name of Antoninus,
mountains, as are not to be crofs'd by ordinary begins here, as it feems a Limite i, e. at the fur-
horfemen. In thefe, one would wonder to fee theft bounds of the Empire. But the addition
Lawes. maP y great heaps of flones (Lawes they call * of e. a vallo | feems to be a glofs of the* /w
j
;".
the ^.
s aS
them,) which the neighbourhood believe to have tranferiber fince Eremenium lies fourteen miles ^V
;
rfale
'
been thrown together in remembrance of fome northward from the Wail unlefs we take it to
p< ^
;

perfons there (lain. fNor are thefe the only be one of thofe Field-flat ions, already mention'd f Is, C,
Monuments which thofe Wafles afford. There to have been built beyond the Wall in the Ene-
are alfo large flones erected at feveral places, in my's Country. TBut notwithstanding the great
remembrance ( as is fanfied) of fo many battels encouragement wiiich the Infcription gives to
or skirmifhes; either anciently betwixt the the placing of Bremenium at Rochejier, * others * Dr. Gale,
Britain* and the Picls, or (of later times) betwixt are of opinion, that Brampton in GilleJland\vas^'^ r3Tt P' 6 '

S ir
the Englijh and Scots. Particularly, near Nin- the place, the diftance from this Brampton ro 7T, , ,;P [[*
wick, in the Parifh of Simondbura, four fuch Corbridge being as agreeable, as from Rochejier
Paifiy/inScot- ;

ftand flill erecfed and a fifth lies fallen to the and they think it ought to be well prov'd, be-iW.
:

ground.] There are alfo, in both the Dales tore the weight of the Objection can be taken
many ruins of old forts. In Tindale, are Whit- off, that the words [id eft, a <uaBo~) are an In-
chefter, Delaky, and Tarfet, which formerly be- terpolation of the Tranfcribers. Nor are they
loug'd to the Commins. In Rheades-dak, are Ro- fatisfy'd, that the bare mention of Bremenium
chejier, Greenchefter, Rutchefter, and fome others, in a Monument found at Rochejier, is fufficient

whofe ancient names are now fwallowM up by of it felf to determine it to that place fince ;

time. Rifmgham in this very County, an Infcription

Rochefter. r^ R ocjJefter was founci a Roman Altar with at was found, that makes as exprefs mention of
this Infcription the fourth Cohort of the GaUhk Troops, whofe
Station was Vindolana ; which yet is fettled as
far diftant from thence, as Old Wimhefter.
Add to this (what they think of fome mo-
PVil. Tranf.
N. 27S.
D M ment) that St'mler's Edition reads it, not Bre-

menium, but Bramenimn, and Voffius'fi Manu-

GIVLFL fcript, Bramanio ; to which place alfo
pos'd to belong this Roman Altar, dug-up at
is fup-Gale,
j" p. 7.

INGEN Loiuther in Wefhnorland ;

MI LEG
VIV F
DEABVS MATR1BVS
TRAMAI. VEX- CERMA
P. V. R. D. PRO. SALVTE
R. FVS. L. M.
And fince at the fame Rochejier, w hich
r
is feated
near the head of Rhead, on the riling of a rock
that overlooks the Country below (whence it
may feem to have had this new name,) another
ancient Altar was alfo found among the rubbifh
of an old Caff le, with this Infcription ;
the true reading of the fecond line being fup-
pofed to be, B RA MAE VEXILLATIO
GERMANORVM, and to fignify that thofe
Duplares Soldiers, having erected
it at Bramenimn to the
1. e.

Numeri Ex-
D. R. S. honour of the Decs Matres, carried it back with
ploratorurtJ
Jlremenii A- DVPL. N. EXPLOR. them, in their retreat, left it fhould fall into
the hands of the Enemy.!
ram infthuc-
runt Numini BREMEN. ARAM. To the fouth, within five miles lies Otterhurn, Bmelof Ot-
where a fharp engagement happen'd between tc r ^ rn>
'
t\m, Gtpione
Ckaritino Tri-
buno niotiim
mSTITVERVNT the Scott and Englijli Victory three or four 13
;

folverwit Li'
ienies merito.
NE I V S C CAEP times changing (ldes^ and at lafl fixing with
the Scots: F'or Henry Percy (for his youthful for-

CHARITINO TRIB wardnefs, nick-nam'd Whot-fpur) who com-

manded the Englifb, was himfelf taken prifoner,
V S L M and Iofl fifteen hundred of his men ; and Wil-
6 U Ham
 io-/5 0TTAD1NI. 1076
Ham Douglas the Scotch General tell, with a rather has almoil wafiYd away) another Town
great part of his Army : was there of great Antiquity, now call'd Rifingham ; which,
fo that never
a more pregnant inilanceof the martial prowefs in the old Englifh and High Dutch, fignifies as Rifingham.
of both Nations. I'We may be allow ti to re- much as G'tanh-T'own, as Rifingberg in Germany
mark here, what a perfon of great honour and is Giants-Hill. TAnd yet it may be, the name
skill in our Englifh Antiquities has noted be- of this place imports no more than its fituati-
fore, that the old Ballad of Chevy-Chafe ( Sir on on a high and rifmg ground. Molt of the
Philip Sydney's Delight) hasno other foundation Villages in thefe parts were anciently fo placed,
for its ltory, fave only the Battel of Otterburn. though afterwards the Inhabitants drew down
There was never any other Percy engag'd againfl into the Valleys.! Here are many evident
a Douglas, but this Henry : who was indeed remains ot Antiquity. The Inhabitants re-
Heir to the Earl of Northumberland, but never port, that the place was long defended by the
Hv'd to enjoy the Honour himielf. Sir John God Magotiy againfl a certain Soldan or Pagan
Froyfart (who liv'd at the time) gives the ful- Prince. Nor is the Story wholly groundlefs ;
left account of this Battel ; but fays it was for that fuch a God was worfhip'd here, appears
Earl James Douglas who was the Scotifh. Ge- from thefe two Altars f lately taken out of thef So laid,
ann ' * 6 °7*
neral. I
River, and thus inferib'd :

A little lower, the river Rhead wafhes (or

Xtec MogMiti
Ca&emrumfS
DEO
iJumini PO' MOGONTI CAD.
mini nofiri
ET. N. DN AVG. DEO
Jtugujli
Secun&inus
M.G.
M. G. SECVNDINVS MOVNO CAD.
Hencficiarius BF. HABITA
COS. IN VENTVS DO
Cmfrtli* Hahi-
lanki PritriM NCI PRIMAS TA— V. s.

lamproj'e S2 PRO SE ET SVIS POSVIT

fm pofilit.

From the former of thefe, a conjeflure may makes next neighbours to the Ottadini, I am
be made, that the place was called Habitaneum ; not yet able to determine ; let others enquire.
* Xcmpcieri- and that he who erefted it was * Pcnfioner to Here were alfo found the following Infcriptions,
'< a Conful, and t Governour of the Town. (For for which, as alfo for others, we are indebted to
t Fnmaan. that the chie c Magiftrates of Cities, Towns and the famous Sir Robert Cotton of Qmnington,
Primates. p orcs were ca n'(i frimam, is very plain from Knight, who * very lately faw and copy'd * So fafd,

Whether this God was them. ""• ,l5 °7-

the •fhmdrfan Code. )
the tutelar Deity of the Gadeni, whom Ptolemy

D. M.
B L E S C I V S
D I O V I C V S
F I L I A E
S V A E
V I X S I T
AN. I. E T
DIES XXI.

CVI PRAEEST. M COH. I. VANG

PEREGRINIVS FECIT CVRANTE
SVPER TRIB. IVL. PAVLO TRIB

DEAE TER H E RC V
T IA N A E S A L I I V L
CR V M A E L. A V L L V S
T IMO THE A--- P. TRIB.
V. S. LL. M. V. S.

A V R.
 NORTH-HUMBER-LAND. 1078

AVR. ANTON1
NI. PI I AVG. M
MESSORIVS
DILIGENS TRI-
BVNVS SACRVM

DEOINVICTo
HERCVLFSACR
MEfeAD/kNVS
TRfeCsHmNGI

ICOS6IPRE-
N^/31LCAST
Vetuftate
conlabfum. VETviFEQskBS
ta-,».u T .P»ffg .,y»,» f

Alfo, what exceeds all (the reft in finery I dedicated to the Sucred Majefty of the Era?
f Their Sta-
tion was Fin- of Work, a long Table curioufly engraven ; perours.
|
dalma, which anij by the i fourth Cohort of the Gallic Troops I,
is fettled at
Wimkficr.

But,
]o 7 9 OTT ADINL 1080

But to return. A little lower, Rhead, with Heirun, &c. Amongfl whom, William Heyrun
feveral other brooks that have joyn'd it, runs was for eleven years together Sheriff of this
into Tine. And fo far reaches Rhedefdale ; which County in the reign of Henry the third ; and
(as Domefday-Book informs us) the Umfranvils fome of our Hiflories feem to hint, that he was
held in Fee and Knights Service, of the King, ft well enrich 'd by the Preferment. The Family
guarding the Dale from Robbers- afterwards was branch'd-out into the Herons of

Waftes.
All over the Wafies ( as they call them, ) as
well as in Gilleftand, you would think you fee
Nomades. the ancient Nomades ; a Martial fort of people,
that from April to Auguft* lie in little HuttS
(which they call Sheals and Shealings) here and
Sheals.
there, among their feveral Flocks. From hence,
Chipches. North-Tine panes by Chipches, a little Fort former-
ly belonging to the Umfranvils, and then to the
Herons, Twhofe Anceftors have for very many Ge-
nerations been of eminent note in this County.
We meet with their name varioully fpell'd in fcription,
our Hiflories and Records ; as Hairun, Heyrun,
Netherton, Meldon, &c.l From thence it runs,
not far from the fmallCaftle of Swinborn, which Swinborn^
gave name to a Family of note, and was fome-
time part of the Barony of William Heron, and
afterwards the feat of the Woderingtons ; and fo
comes to the Wall, which it crones below Col-
lerford by a Bridge with Arches ; where are ftill
to be feen the ruins of the large Fort of Wall-
wick. TAt this place was found, not many years Phil. Tranfi
fince, a Roman Altar, with the following In- N. 231.

.
 : ; : ; );

io8r NORTH-HUMBER-LANU 1082

Cilurnum. I* Cilwnnm (where the fecond wing of the Ulttic primitm fcivit cattfam cur nomen ha-
Aftures lay in garrifon) was not here, it was in beret
Scilcefter. the neighbourhood at Scilcefter on the Wall Heafenfeld, hoc eft, ccekftis Campus, Hit &
Hoveden. w herc, after Sigga a Nobleman had treache- Nomen ab Antiquo dedit appellatio gentis
rouflyElfwald King of Northumberland,
flain Praterita, tanquam belli prafaga futuri
the Religious built a Church, and dedicated it Nominis & Cauffam ?nox ajfignavit ibi-
S. Ofwald. to Cuthben and Ofwald ; which laft has fo far dem
out-done the other, that, the old name being Ccelitus expugnans cccleftis turbajceleftam.
quite loft, the place is now call'd St. Ofwald's. Neve feneclutis ignavia poffet honor em
This Ofwald, King of Northumberland, being 'Tarn Celebris delete loci, tantiqm TriUfflphi3
*See P . ioS3. reacty t0 S* ve Battel
: to* Cedwall the Britain (fo Ecclefia Fratres Hauguftaldenfis adeffe
Cedwalla, or Bede calls him, whom the Britifh Writers name Devoti, Chrifthmque jolent celebrare quo-
,Cafwallo. Cafwallon,and who was King, as it fhould feem, tannis. '

of Cumberland,) erected a Crofs, and on his knees Quo que loci perjtftat honos, in honore beati
begg'd of Chrift that he would afford his hea- Ofwaldi Regis ibi confluxere Capellam.
venly afliftance to thofe that now call'd on his
name, and prefently with a loud voice thus ad- And now he underftood whence Heavenfeld
iBedel. 3. c.2 drefs'd himlelf to the Army : Let us all on our came,
About the befeecb the Almighty, Living, and T'rue God,
knees Call'd in old time by that prophetick
year 634.
CbnfUanity
defend us from our proud and cruel
mercifully to name :

fii-ft
Enemy. And we do not fad (fays Bede,) that any
profefs'd For now the teafon of the Name was
in Nonhum- Banner of the Chriftian Faith, any Church, any given,
icriatti. Altar, wen ever erefled in this Country, till this new When Troops were overcome by
Hell's vile
General, following the diBates of a devout Faith, Heaven.
and being to engage a moft inhumane Enemy, fet up But left devouring Ages fhould deface
this Standard of the Holy Crofs. For after Ofwald The glorious triumph of. the facred place,
had in this Battel experienced that efte&ual af- The Monks of old Hauguftald every year
of Chrift which he had pray'd' for, he
fiftance Do meet and joyn in their devotions
immediately turn'd Chriftian; and fent for Ai- here.
dan a Scotchman to inftruft his people in the And that great Ofwald's fame fhould never
f-Seep. 1083. Chriftian Religion f. The place where the Vi- die,
ctory was obtained, was fif we may truft the They've rai's'd a Chapel to his Memory.
ffcafenfcld, Monki] afterwards call'd beapenpelb, or Heaven-
row Hate- which now in the fame fenfe (as fome
don.
field; And another in his Commendation ( well
will have it; is nam'd Haledon. Upon which, enough for the barbarous Age he liv'd in
Ofwald's Lite gives us the following piece of writes thus
Metre
Qiiisfuit Alcides ? Quis C^far Julius ? Aut quis
Magnus Alexander ? Alcides je fuperajfe

6 X Fertur
 ;

io8g OTT AD I NI. 084

largeand magnificent. This place is call'd Hextol-
Fertur ; Alexander Mundum, fed Julius defham, from the little rivulet of Hextold, which
bo Rem. runs b), and jometimes fuddenly overflows it. Lithe
Sejimul Ofwaldus, & Mundum vicit, & year 675. Etheldreda wife to King Egfrid af.gnd
hofiem. it jar an Epijcopal See to St. Wilfrid ; who built
here a Church, which, for the curioufnefs and beauty
Cafar and Hercules applaud thy fame, "j
of the Fabrick, furpajs'd all the Monafteries in Eng-
And Alexander owns thy greater I
land TMbreover, the fame Prior is very par-
name, r ticular in his defcription of the Church's Fa-
Tho' one himfelf, one foes, and one the brick; in its Walls, Roof, Cieling, Stairs, Pil-
world o'recame :
j lars, &c. and ( at laft) concludes, That no fuch
Great Conquefts all ! but bounteous Heav'n /lately firuclure was, at that time, to be met with
in thee, on this fide the Alpes. He
likewife informs us,
To make a greater, joyn'd the former three at large, what Immunities and Privileges
were granted by our Saxon Kings to this
TAs to this Story of Ofwald, Bede indeed Church ; how well they were fecur'd to her ;
feems to fay, the Battel was againfl CedwaB ; how far the bounds of her Fridfiol or Sanctuary
but Matthew of Weflminfler fays, it was fought extended, ^c.l Take alfo what Malmesbury
againfl Penda King of the Mercians, who was has written of it : This -was Crown-Land, till

at that time General of Cadwalline's Forces ; Bi/hop Wilfrid gave other Lands for it to Queen
and the Story of letting up the Banner of the Etheldreda. It was wonderful to fee what towering
Chriftian Faithj muft be underftood to be in Buildings were there erecled ; how admirably con-
Berniciorum Gente, as Bede fays in the place ci- trived with winding flairs, by Mafons, brought (in
ted, if it have any truth in it ; for Chriftianity profpeB of his great Liberality) from Rome. Info-
was, fome years before, planted in the King- much that they jeem'd to vie with the Roman
dom of Northumberland'by Paulinas ; and a Church po?np ; and did long out-firuggle even Age it felf.

built at Turk, by King Edwin, Ojivald's Pre- At which time King Egfrid made this little City
was
But ( after all ) this remark is not a Bifiiop's See; fwhereunto St. Cuthbert himfelf
deceflor.
Saxon Paraphrafe of Bedes Hiftory ; fo was both elected and confecrated though he
in the ;

that we have reafon to look upon it as a fpu- did not think tit to take the charge upon him.l
rious Corruption. It does, indeed, contradict But that Honour, after the * twelfth Bifhop,*£ightIi
C.
SeelWne, the account that himfelf elfewhere gives, of Pan- was wholly loft ; the Danifli wars prevailing.
Hum's baptizing great numbers in thefe very Afterwards, it was only reckon'd a Manour of
parts ; which furely was Fidei Chri/lianx fignum, the Archbifliops of Tork; till they parted with
i. e. a Sign of the Chriftian Faith. Nor was their right, in an exchange made with Henry
Heavenfield the place where the Battel was the eighth. It is alfo famous for the bloody
fought, and the Victory obtain'd ; for that was which John Nevil Lord Montacitte very
Battel in
at another place in the neighbourhood, which bravely engaged, and as fortunately vanquifii'd,
Bede calls Denifes burna, fuppofed to be Dil/hn. the Generals of the Houfe of Lanca/ler ; and,
The Writer of Ofwald's Life, it is true, fuppofes for fo doing, was created Earl of Northumber-
this to have been the Scene of the Action; tho* land by Edward the fourth. At prefent, its on-
Bede only fays, that here was the Crofs erected, ly glory is the old Monaflery ; part whereof
and here (afterwards) the Chapel built. It is I was turn'd into the fair houfe or Sir J, Fofteri u q.
no wonder to find a number of Poets ( and a Knight, fand was iince the Efhte of Sir John
great number they are) who have written in Fenwick, from whom it came by fale to Sir
praife of St. Ofwald. His introducing of Chri- William Blacket, Baronet.] The Weft-end of
ftianity was not the thing that rais'd his credit the Church is demolifh'd. The reft ftands en-
(for fo much King Edwin had done before tire,and is a very ftately Structure: in the
him) but his chief ftock of Merit confifted in Quire whereof is an old Tomb of a Perfon of

his bringing-in Monkery along with it. It was Honour Family of the Umfran-
(or the Martial
this, that gave him fo confiderable a figure a- ls, Coat of \rrns witnefles) lying with
as his
mongft the men of the Cloifter, and advanced his Legs acrofs. By the way, In that poftureMen bury'd
him to a like honour with what his name- it was then the cuftom to bury fuch only, as"ofs-Iegg'd.
fake-Saint of Tork attain'd to afterwards.] had taken the Crofs upon them being, under ;

Below St. Ofwald's, both the Tints meet ; af- that Banner, engag'd in the Holy War, for the
ter South-Tine (which goes along with the Wall, recovery of the Holy-Land out of the Hands of
at about two miles diitance from it) has pafs'd the Mahometans. Near the Eaft-end of the
Langley-CaHle (where formerly, in the reign Church, on a rifing brow, ftand two ftrong
Laneley- ty
Caftle. of King John, Adam de Tindale had his Barony, Bulwarks of hev'n ftone ; which, I was told,
which afterwards defcended to Nicholas de Bol-
TcJiaNevilli. belong to the Archbifh op of Tork.
teby, and was lately in the pofleffion of the From hence Eaftward, we pafs'd on to D/7- Dilfton.
and has Hid under a tottering and crazy
Perciesy) (Ion, the Seat of the Ratcliffs, call'd in old
wooden Bridge
at Aidon. And now the whole Books Divelfton, from a fmall brook which here
'Tine, being well grown, and ftiil encreafing, empties it felf into the Tine, and which Bede

prefles forward in one Chanel for the Ocean, names Devil's-burn where (as he writes) Of-
:

Hexam. by Hexam which Bede calls Haugufiald, and the wald, arm'd with Chriftian Faith, in a fair
y

That this was the Ase- flew Cedwall the Britain, that wretched g etj c
||
|| y^ p rd,//ff#

Axelodanam. Saxons bexcol&erbam. field, i, 3 , c ,jj

lodunum of the Romans, where the firft Cohort Tyrant, who before had (lain two Kings of
of the Spaniards were in garrifon, the name im- Northumberland, and miferably wafted their
plies ; and fo does its fituation on a rifing hill Country. TOnly, it is to be obferved, that the

Vufium. for the Bri tains call'd fuch a Mount Dunum.. Latin Copies of Bede fay, Ofwald's victory was
But take an account of this place from Richard in loco qui lingua Anglorum Denifes burna vocatur,
its Prior, who Hv'd above five hundred years In the place which is call'd by the Englifh
ago. Not far from the Southern bank of the river Denifes burna : And the Saxon Copies of King
Tine, /lands a 'Town, of fmall extent indeed at pre- Alfred's Paraphrafe have benij-re]-, feenircep
fent,and but thinly inhabited, but (as the remaining and benircf bupna; but the Saxon Chronicle
marks of its ancient ftate will teflifie) heretofore very has not recorded this ftory. Sir Francis Ratclif
Baronet
;io85 NORT H.HU MBER.LAND. io8tf
Baronet (late Proprietor of this place) was made
Baron ot DilBon, Vifcoun: Langky, and Eari As the Roman Street runs from Ebchefier to
or Dertuent-water-, On the other bank of Tine Corbridge, fo from Corbridge to Refingham\ a mileRefirgliam,
I

tJinm calls it ftands Curia Qttadinontm, mentioned by Ptolemy, louth from whence, is a Pillar about eight foot
Curia, which (by the diftances) fhould feem to be long, which has itood by the way-fide, but is
Antommss Corflopitum, \ or rather Corftopilum now fallen ; and at the place it felfj in a wall
(lor To faith the Edition of H. Sitrita, buth in the infide of a Houfe, is this Inscription,
the Text and the Comment:)] It is now call'd
Cbrbridge. Qorbridge (from a Bridge built here by Hove-
; )

dea, Corobrige ; and by Huntingdon, Cure, At this Phil. Tran!'.

day it has nothing remarkable but a Church ; N. 278.
and near it, a little Tower-houfe built and in-
habited by the Vicars of the place. Yet there
DOLOCIIMO
Treaflire
fought in
are many ruins of ancient buildings, amongfl
which King John fearch'd for fome old hidden
CIVLPVBL
treafure: but Fortune favour'd him no more in
this vain quell, than fhe did Nero, in his en- PIV^TRIB
Hovetlen.
Tacitus. quiries
Carthage.
alter the conceal'd
For he found nothing but ftones
mark'd with Brafs, Iron, and Lead. [But al-
riches of Dido at
V SLM 1
though King John could meet with no Difco-
veries at Corbridge ; there was a confiderable one
Upon the fame bank, I faw the fair Caftle of
made here not many years ago.
accidentally
Biwell ; which in the reign of King John, wasBiweH,
The bank of a {mail Torrent being worn by
the Barony of Hugh Balliol, for which he flood
* See below, fome fudden fhowers,
the Skeleton of a * Man
obligd to pay to the IVard of Newcaftk upon Tine,
appear'd, of a very extraordinary and prodigi-
thirty Knights Services.
ous fize. The length of its thigh-bone was
Below this Cattle, there is a molt beautiful A Weare.
within a very little of two yards ; and the
Weare for the catching of Salmon ; and, in the
skull, teeth, and other parts, proportionably
middle of the river, itand two firm Pillars of
monftrous. So that, by a fair computation,
Stone, which formerly fupported a Bridge.
the true length of the whole body has been
Hence Tine runs under Prudhow- Caftle (in old Prudhow:
f Ann. id^.reckon'd at (even yards. Some parts of it f were writings Prodhovj,) which is pleafantly feated on
in the poifeifion of the right honourable the Earl
the ridge of a hill. Tnis, till I am b. tter in-
of Derwent-water, at Dilfton ; but his Lordfhip,
formed, I fhall guefs to be Protolitia ; which isProtolma.
having had no notice of the thing, till it was (in
alfo written Procolitia, and was the ftation of
a great meafure) fquander'd and loft by the un-
the firft Cohort of the Batavi. It is famous for
thinking difcoverers, the Rarity is not fo com-
jallantly maintaining it felf ( in the days of
pleat, as whoever fees the remains of it, will
Henry the fecond) againft the fiege of William
Phil. TranC heartily wifh it were. But fince there was King of Scots ; who (as Neubrigenjis expreifes it)
N. 330. not found here an entire Skeleton, but great
toil'd himjelf and his Army to no purpofe. After-
numbers, or Strata, of Teeth and Bones of a
wards it belong'd to the Umfranvils, an eminent Umfranvih.
very extraordinary fize ; and withall a fort of
Family ; one of whom, Sir Gilbert ( a Knight
Pavement or Foundation of Stone, running a-
in the reign of Edward the firft) was, in right
long with thefe Strata ; and lince here hath
of his wife, made Earl of Angus in Scotland.
been dug-up an Altar inferibed to Hercules,
[Before which, in the reign of Henry the third,
which we ftiall fubjoin ; what if we fhould we find honourable mention made of Gilebert de
fay, that thefe are theTeeth and Bones of Ox-
Humjranvilla as dying in the year 1245 ; whom
en, and other like Creatures, which were fa-
the Hiftorian calls a famous Baron, the Keeper,
crifie'd at fome Temple, in this Place ? The
as well as Ornament, of the Northern Parts of Eng-
like Bones are reported to have been frequently
land. Sir Robert U/nfranvil was Sheriff of the
difcover'd on the fhore near Alnmouth in this
County in the 46 th and 51ft years of Edward
County all of them at a greater depth in the
the third, and in the i d and 6 th of Henry the
;

ground than they can well be imagin'd ever to

fourth. And another Sir Robert (a younger fon,
have been buried.] Whoever views the neigh-
I think, to the faid Sherirf ) was Vice-Admi-
bouring heap of rubbifh, which is now call'd
ral of England in the year 141 o, and brought
Coletefler. Cdecefier, will readily conclude this Corbridge
fuch plenty ot Prizes (in Cloth, Corn, and other
have been a Roman Fort.
valuable Commodities ) from Scotland, that
("The Altar above-mention'd which, many
he got the nick-name of Robin Mend-market.~\
years fince, was found here, hath this In
The true heirefs of the blood (as our Lawyers
fcription :
exprefs it) was at length married into the fa-
mily of the Talboys ; and, after that, this Ca-
ftle was (by the King's bounty) beftow'd upon
Phil. Tranf. the Duke ol Bedford.
N. 278.
But, to return to the Wall. Beyond St. Of-
wald's, the Foundations ot two Forts which
they call Caflk-fieeds, are to be feen in the WalljCaftle-fieeds.
and then a place call d Portgate, where (as the portgate.
HPAKACIc word in both Languages fairly evinces) there See above,
was formerly a Gate for Sally-port! through p. 1054-
£>TYTKD<3 it. Beneath this, and more within the Wall,
Af*A&PA ftands Halton-Hall, the prefent feat of the an-Halton-Hall.
cientand warlike Family of the Camabies, f who
AraCPGAl have been a great while in this County ; Willi-
am Carnaby Efq; having been Sherirf of it i\\
the 7 th year of King Henry the lixth. It is
probable, they came hither from Carnaby near
Bridlington in the Enft-Riding of Yorkshire :1
and,
 io8- OTTADINI. 1088
and, hard by, Aidon-Caflk, which was part of Was given to the Library at Durham,
where it
the Barony of the fore-men tion'd Hugh Balliol remains very entire.
Some there are, who have
Now, fince a great many places on the Wall chofen to place the ancient Condercum here, ra-
Aidon. bear the name of Aidon, and the fame word (in ther than at Chefler upon the Street
; by rcafon of
* Ala mitita- the Eritifh tongue) fignifies * a Military Wing the Antiquity
of Benwall, and its ncarnefs to
or Troop of Horfe, many whereof were (as rh< the Wail ; the Notitia defcribing
Condercum, as
Liber Notitiarum teaches us ) placed along the upon the line of the Wall.'l
Wall ; let the .Reader confider, whether thef And now, near the meeting of the Wall and
places have not thence had their names ; as other Tine, ftands Newcaflle, the
glory of all theNcwcaftleup-
Towns had that of Leon, where Legions were Towns in this Country. It has a noble Ha- on Tine -
quarter'd. However, near this place was dug- ven on the Tine, which is of fuch a depth as
up a piece ol an old Stone, wherein was drawn to carry Veflels oi a very good burthen, and
the pourtraiture of a Man lying on his bed of that fecurity, that they are in no hazard
of
(leaning upon his left hand, and touching his either ftorms or fhallows. fAlmoft to the Bar
right knee with his right hand,) wich the fol- ot Tmmouth (which is a Sand that licscrofs
the
lowing Infcriptions : river'smouth, not above feven foot deep at
low water) the chanel is good and fecure but :

there,you meet with a number of Rocks, which

NORICI. AN. XXX. they call the Black Middins, very dangerous.
-ESSOIRVS MAGNVS To prevent much of the mifchief that might
FRATER EIVS happen among thefe, in the night-time, there
are two Light-houfes maintained by the Trini-
DUPL. ALAE
ty-houfe in NevxaJMe ; and near thefe was
SABINIANAE. built Clifford's Fort, in the year 1672, which
effectually commands all Veflels that enter the
River.]
M. MAR I The fituation of the Town
climbing and is

VS VELLI very uneaven, on the north bank of the river,

A LONG which is crofs'd
Town
by a very fair bridge. As you
VS. AQVI enter the
left hand the
from hence, you have, on the
Cattle overtopping you, and after
S H A N C that a very fteep brow of a hill. On the right,
P O S VI T you have the Market-place, and the bell built
V. S. L. M. part of the Town ; from which to the upper
and far larger part, the afcent is a little trouble'
[fome. It j was heretofore beautified with four
Beyond the Wall, rifes the river Pont; which; Churches Tbut now there are, be/ides St. Ni-
j
f Is, C
Fenwick-hall, running down by Fenwick-hall, the feat of the' cholas (the Parochial or Mother-Church ) fix
eminent and valiant family of the Femvicks, for other Churches or Chapels, whereof one was re-
fome miles goes along with the Wall, and had; built at the publick charge of the Corporation,
its banks guarded by the firft Cohort of thejA. D. 16S2, and endow'd with fixty Pounds
Pons ALYu. Comavii at Pom JElii., which was built by JE-fer Annum, one half of which is for the mainte-
Pont-E\ar,d. lius Hadrianus, and is now called Pont-Eland. nance ot a Catechetical -Lecturer i who is to ex-
Here Henry the third concluded a Peace with 'pound the Catechifm of the Church of Eng-
the King of Scots, in the year 1244, and near! land every Sunday, and to preach a Sermon
Borwick. it the firft Cohort of the Ttmgri lay at Borviick, every firft Wednefday in the Month. Twenty
Borcovicus.
w hi cn the Notitia Provinciarum calls Borcovicm. Pounds are affign'd to a School-m after, and ten
.

alt0 n
From Portgate, the Wall runs to WaltovM, which to an Uflier, who are to prepare the Children
^ee ^VC, (from -

the name, and its twelve miles diftance of the Parifh for the faid Lecture.
p l(t Befides
,

from the eaftern Sea ) I take to be the fame which, the Town very honourably pays Hive hun-
Ad murum. Royal Borough which Bede calls Ad murum. dred and eighty Pounds a year, towards themain-
f-SeeObfer- an ^
tne Saxon Tranflation xz palle; 1 f where tcnance of their Vicar, and thofe Lecturers and
'

vationsonthe&gefet, King of the Eafl-Saxons was baptiz'd Curates who are under him ; a pattern, very fit
Pifls WaU. by * Finanus ; fwho alio ( at the fame place ) to be imitated by other Towns and Cities.]
* FJ?"l""\ s,C baptized Peada King of the Mercians, together It is defended by exceeding ftrong
'
Walls,
3 *

c
21^ w ^ tn n ' s wno ^ e train of Courtiers and Atten- wherein are feven gates, and a great many tur-
dants.1 Near this, is a Fort call'd Old Wmche- rets upon it. What it was anciently, is not yet
i0C1
fler ft er>
which I readily believe to be Vindolana. difcover'd. I am very inclinable to think, it
Vindolana. where, as the Liber Notitiarttm fays, the fourth was Gabrofentum ; fince Gatefoead (which is, as Gatefliead.
Cohort of the Galli kept a Fronti'er-garrifon. it were, its fuburbs) is a word of the fame fig-
Routchefter. 'Thence we went to Routchefier, where we met nification with that Eririfh name which
See above, with evident remains of a fquare Camp joyning is deriv'd from Goats, as has been already men-
P- 1 °^- clofe to the Wall. Near this is Headon, which tion'd. Behdes, the Notitia Provinciarum places
Baron f
was P art o^he Barony of Hugh de Bolebec ; who, Gabrofentum (and in it the fecond Cohort of the Gabrofentum.
'

by the mother, was descended from the noble Thracians) * within the very range of the Wall.* •*& Lineam
Bolebec.
Barons of Mont-Fichet, and had no iffue but And it is moft certain, that the Rampire and^'"
Daughters, who were marry \\ to Ralph Lord "afterwardsl the Wall pafs'd through this
Greiftock, J- Lo-vell, Huntercomb, and Corbet. Town and at Pandon-gate there frill remains,
;
Pandon . sate
-

Seld. Tit. [In an original Charter (dated the

firft year as it is thought, one oi the little Turrets of"
Hon. par. 2. of King Stephen) we have, among many Barons,
that very Wall. It is indeed different from the
c - 5-
P* %7 l -Signum Walteri de Bolebec ; and one
Lfabel de Bole- reft, both in fafhion and mafonry, and feems
bec Countefs of Oxford,
founded a Convent to carry a very great age.
firft The ryime of Monk-
of Dominicans in that City. Nearer to Neiu- chefter is alfo an argument of its being a p-ar-
Benwall. caftle, ftands Benwall, where were lately found rifon'd Fort ; for fo it was call'd, from the
feveral Urns, w ith Coins in them, which were Monks, about the time of the Conqueft.
r
Soon
broken and fquander'd about by the ignorant after, it got the modern name of Newcaflle,
Diggers ; but one of the Urns being preferv'd, from that new Caftle which was here built by
Robert
 ;

NORT H- HU MB ER-LAN D. 1090

Robert ion of'William the Conquerour, and with- Ir'n, brals, and gold its melting- force
obey;
in a while was mightily enlarged and enrich a (Ah ! who's e cr free from gold's almighty
by a good trade on the coafts ot Germany-, and fway ?)
by the fale of its Sea-coal (whereof this Coun- Nay, into gold 'twill change abaferorej
try has great plenty) into other parts of England. Hence the vain Chymift deifies its power :

In the reign of Edward the firft, a very rich If 't be a got!, as is beJiev'd by you,

Burger being carry 'd oft" prifoner by the Scots This place and Scotland more than Heaven can
out of the middle of the Town, and having fhew.
pay'd a round ranfom for himfelf, began the
firftfortifications of the place. The reft ot
the townfmen, mov'd by his example, finifh/d TAt Fenhiim, a little village in the parifh ofFenliam.
the work, and entirely encompafs'd themfelves Newcaftle, there are fome Coal-pits which were
with good flout Walls : fince which time, this burning feveral years ; and are fuppofed to be
place has fo fecurely manag'd its Trade, in ftill on fire. The Flames of this fubterraneous
fpight of all the attempts of enemies and the tire were vilible by night,- and in the day-time
many neighbouring thieves, that it is now in the track of it might eafilybe follow'd by ths
a moft fiourifhing ftate of wealth and com- Brimftone that lay on the furface of the Earth.
merce : (upon which account Henry the fixth Newcaftle has afforded the title of Earl to
made it a County incorporate of it Jelf.) Lodowick Stewart ( Duke of Lennox, and Earl
TBoth thefe are wonderfully encreas'd in this of Richmond) created, May, 1604. But in
The Coal-trade is incredible ; and for the year 1627. this title was conferral upon
laft age.
other Merchandii'e, Newcaftle is the great Em- WiUiam Cavendifh, Vifcount Mansfield and Ba-
porium of the northern parts of England, and of Ogle, who was afterwards, in 1643, created

a good part of Scotland. The publick Revenue Marquis of Newcaftle, and the year following
is alfo very much advane'd of late years. for :
Duke of Newcaftle. In 1676. he was fucceeded
which the Town is in great meafure indebted by his foil Henry Cavendifh. Since which, the
to the provident care and good management of right honourable John Holies, Earl of Clare, was

its two great Patriots Sir WiUiam Blacket Baro-

created Duke of this place by his Majefty King
net, and Timothy Davifon Efquire, Aldermen.l William the third; and, he dying without iflue
It lies in 21 degrees and 30 minutes longi-
male, the fame honour hath been conferral by
tude, and in 54 and 57 of northern latitude. his Majefty King George upon Thomas, Son of
We have already treated of the fuburbs call'd Thomas hord Pelham, by a Sifter of John the
Gate/bead, which is joyn'd to Newcaftle by the laft Duke ; which Thomas, the prefent Duke
bridge, and belongs to the Bifhop of Durham. of Newcaftle, became Heir to a vaft Eftate, left
This Town, for its Situation and plenty of by his faid Uncle, and hath, on many occaiions,
Sea-coal (fo ufeful in it felf, and to which fo difcover'd an early and moft fteady zeal for the
great a part of England and the Low Countries honour and intereft of his Country.]
are indebted for their good fires) is thus com- Scarce three miles hence (for I pafs by Goffe- Gofle for J.
mended by Johnfton in his Poems on the Cities ford, which was the Barony of Richard Su;-Teis,^ ons Sur
~

of Britain. or Upon the Tees, a perfon of great repute under

Henry the firft,) ftands a little village called
Walls-end. The very fignification of the word Walls-end.
proves this to have been the ftation of the Second Co-
f firft +
Novum Castrum. Cohort of the Frixagi, which in the Liber Noti-^ rt ? F the
tiarurn is call'd Vindobah, and by Antoninus, WVin-^"^^
Rape fedens celsa, rerum aut miracula fpeflat domora : for the latter feems, in the provincial at Gabrcfen-
Natures, aut filers diftrahit ilia aliis. language of the Britains, to have fignified the *"'*»> Vid.
Sedibus /Ethereis quid frufha quaritis ig- Walls-end, and the former the Rampiers-emif;fj,pr *'
nem ? fince they anciently call'd a Wall Mtr, and
t aE;^
Mum alit, hum terra fttjeitat ifia finu. Ditch or Rampier Gual. ['(By the way, there Dolani. [ti-
Non ilium torvo terras qui turbine terret is an ill-contrived and incoherent Interpolation ner. p- 10.

Sed qui animam Tents, detque animos ani- in Bede, wherewith Buchanan, and fome other H ft ' '

f"^ -I2 '

mis. Scotch Writers, feera to be mightily pleafed;
Eliquat hie ferrum, as, hie aurum duclile fun- which, if it proves any thing at all, fhews, that
dit. Vindobala was by the
Britains called Penvahel.)']
Quos non ami illex conciet umbra animos ? As to the Ditch and the Wall, it is not likely
Quin (aiunt) auro permutat bruta met alia ;
that they went any further, fince they are not
Alchimm hum igitur fradicat ejfe Deum. to be traced beyond this place, and Tine (being
Si deus eft, ceu tu diBas, divine magifter, now near the fea) carries a chanel fo deep,
Hixc quot alit ? Quot alit Scotia noftra as to* be equal to the ftrongeft Fort. Yet fome
Deos ? will needs maintain, that only the Ditch, and
not the Wall, reach'd as far asTinmouth; which
T
Tmmouth *
. ,

they aflert, was Call'd Pen-baU~crag, that is, thc

N E VV-C ASTLE. Head of the Rampier in the Rock. This opinion I

fhall not gatnfay ; however, I dare be confident,
that this place was, in the time of the Romans,
From her high Rock great Nature's works which fignifles as much as the TunnocellLtin.
call'd Tunnocel/um, 1

furveys, Promontory of Tunna or Tina,

where the firft Co-
And kindly fpreads her goods through hands hort JEUa Claffica (that was rais'd, as the
and Seas. name probably imports, by MUm Hadrianus)
Why feek you fire in fome exalted fpherc? was in pay for Sea-fervice for the Romans had
:

Earth's fruitful bofom will fuppiy you their Naves Luforia, or light Frigats, in their n«k» Z"fo-
here. border-rivers, both to prevent the excursions of"**
Not fuch whofe horrid flafhes fcare the the neighbouring Enemy, and to make incur-
plain, fions upon them ; as may be feen in the Codex
But gives enliv'ning warmth to earth and Theodofu,under the title Be Luforiis Danubii.
men. Under the Saxon Heptarchy, it was called
6 Y Tuu-
 1

lopi OTT AD IN L 1 092

Lib. 4. c.22.Tunnacej-cep ; not, as Bede affirms, from Ab- Stipendiary Troops of
Brabant, which they call
bot 7ksB3, but from the river. Here was alfo the Rates. Dr. Wats ( in his Giofl'ary) de-
a little Monastery, which was frequently plun- rives the name from the
German Ratter, a
der'd by the Danes, fand, after the Conqueft Trooper or Horfeman.
.

But this by the way.

became a Cell of St. Alban 1 It is now call'd As to the forementioned Brent and Buc
:
Brent
f\
Tinmouth-caftle, and glories in a {lately and being a * cruel defperate fellow, was after-"**„„Home effc-
ilrong Caflle, which, fays an ancient Author, wards banifh'd the Kingdom : [(our HiftorknswiM.
is footed on a very high rock, inacceffible towards the call him a
moft -wicked Robber, and a thoufand
Ocean on the eafl and north, and elfewhere Jo well hard names befides, becaufe he
ufed to make
mounted, that a /lender garrifon will make it good. free with the Monafleries, and
their Treafures,
For this rcafon, Robert Mowbray, Earl of Nor- as they lay in his way :)1 But But,
a perfon of
thumberland, chofe it for his chief hold, when more fobriety, having done the
King good fer-
he rebelfd againft William Rujus : but, as is vice, had confer'd on him,
by Royal Boun-
ufual, matters fucceeded not well with this ty, Lands in Torkfhire and Northamptonshire,
Rebel, who being here brought into diftrefs by where his Pofterity flourifh'd,
down to John
his befiegers, retir'd to the adjoyning Monaftery, Buc, who was
attainted under Henry the fe-
which was efteem'd an inviolable fanftuary. venth. Great grandfon to this
John, t is thatf So (kid,
Neverthelefs, he was thence carried off, and had perfon of excellent learning
Sir George .Bacann.1607. I
afterwards the juft reward of his Treafon in a Knight, Mafter of
the Revels, who (for I love
long and aoifom Imprifonment.rWithin this Ca- to own my Benefactors)
rcmark'd many things
flle, the Ruins of the forementioned Monaftery in our
Hiftories, and courteoufly communicated
are flill to be feen. Here was alfoj formerly, the his obfervations to
me. This was formerly the
Parifh-Church ; but (that being gone much to Barony of William Berthram,
whofe line foon
decay, and the Parifhioners, in the late Civil fail'd in Roger his grandfon
; the three co-heirs,
Wars, often debarred the liberty of a free refort being marry'd to Norman
Darcy, T. Penhtry,
to jc) another was begun to be built in the and William de Elmeley.
year 1659, which was afterwards finiflied, and After this, Wentsbeck runs through the famous
confecrated by Bifhop Co/ins, in the year i<56S.l little Town of Morpeth for ["the body of 1 theMorpcth.
;

1 mull now coaft it along the fhore. Behind Town is feated on the northern bank of the
the Promontory whereon Tunnocellum or Tin- and the Church on the fouthern. Near
Seton. mouth is feated (nearSeton, part of the Barony of which ftands alfo, on a fhady
hill, the Caftle ;
De-la-vall in the reign of Henry the third) ftands d this, together with the Town, came from
Seghill. Seghtll, call'd Segedunum, the ftation of the Roger de Merlac or Merley (whofe Barony it was)
Segedunum,
third Cohort of the Lergi, on the * Wall; and to the Lords of
+ Fourth, f Greyflock, and from them to the
Gale'sNot/- indeed Segedunum in the Britifh tongue fignifies Barons Dacre of _ Gillefland. f This Roger ( I
the fame thing, as Seghill in the Englifh. A fuppofe) is he of whom * Math Paris makes* Ann. iH'-
few miles from hence, the fhore is cut by the mention, as a perfon of great note.l I
meet
Belfey. river Blithe, which (having pafs'd by Beljey, the with nothing anciently
recorded of this place ;
ancient inheritance of the Middletons ; and Ogle- fave only that in the
year of our Lord
Barons of Cafile, belonging to the Barons of Ogle) does
1315. the Towns-men the'mfclves burnt it, in Hid. Malro*
Oak. here, together with the river Pout, empty it felf pure fpight to King
John. fBut of later years,
into the fea. The Ogles were honour'd with the it came, together with Gillefland, &c. by
title of Barons from the very beginning of Ed- Elizabeth, lifter and
coheir of George the kit
ward the fourth's reign, having enrich'd them- Lord Dacre, to (her husband) the Lord William
felves by marrying the heirs of Berthram de Bo- Howard of Na-worth, third fon to the
Duke of
tha!, Alan Heton, and Alexander Kirkby. The Norfolk, whofe grandfon Charles, was, foon after
male-iflue of thefe Barons was lately extinct in the Reftauration of K. Charles the fecond,
created
Cuthbert, the feventh Baron, who had two Earl of Carlifle, and Vifcount Morpeth. Which
daughters, Joan, marry'd to Ed-ward Talbot a Honours were inherited by his fon
Eel-ward,
younger fon of George Earl of Shrewsbury, and and are now enjoy'd by his grandfon diaries, the
Catherine, marry'd to Sir Charles Cavendiflj, third Earl of Carlifle of this Family a perfon
;

Knight. fBy reafon whereof, Sir William Ca- of great wifdom and honour.! From hence
vendifb was created firft Baron, and afterwards, Wentsbeck runs by Bothal-Caftle, anciently theBMhal-CaMa.'
Earl of Ogle.'] Barony of Richard Berthram ; from whofe Po-
Wentsbeck. A little higher, the river Wentf-beck falls into fterity it defended
to the Barons of Ogle. [Sir
Barony of the fea. It runs by Mitford, which was burnt John Berthram was feveral
times Sheriff of Nor- Camden's
Rutarh'or
down b ? Kin§ J olm and his **»"> when they thumberland in the reign of King Henry the^- ema ^ nl '
Ruptarii. f° miferably_ wafted this Country. That age fixth; and the Chriftkn Name of Berthram
call'd thofe foreign Auxiliaries and Free-booters (out of which, fome think,
the Chriftians have
Rutars, who were brought out of the Low- made their Ferdinando) is frill
very common in
Countries and other places to King John's afli- thefe Northern Parts.! Upon the
bank of this
!Jpr, deBre-Rznce, by Falques de Brent and Walter Buc, river, as I have long fanfied (whether upon judg-
||

ant. f Which Rutarii or Ruptarii are not only mention'd ment or opinion I
know not) was the feat of
by our Hiftorians in the reign of King John, Glammmta; where the Romans plac'd a Garri-Glanoventa.
\
but, before his time alfo, in the reign of Henry fon of the firfl: Cohort of the
Morini, for the
the fecond, and after it under Henry the third. defence of the Marches. This, the verv litua-
By all the accounts which we have of them, it tion of the place feems to argue ; and the name
appears they were mercenary German Troops. of the river, with its
fignification, may be a
Now, in the High-Dutch, Rott (whence our further evidence of it. For it is upon the
Fl
|| A i lint.m
i

Englifh Rout) is a Company of Soldiers; Rotten range of the Wall or Rampire,

as the Liber Valli.
or Rottiren, to mufter ; Rottmeifler, a Corporal, Notitiarwn places that Fort
; and the river is
&c. That from hence we are to fetch the true call'd Weats-beck. Now Ckwas in theBri-,,.
original of the word, we are fufficiently taught tiih tongue fignifies
the fiore or bank of Went : a )"°" "'>°
+ c
Lib. 2. c. 27. by Will. Neubrigenjis, who lived and wrote his whence alfo Glaum, a * Maritime Town in is fettled at
Hiftory in the times of thefe Rutars. Rex, fays France (mention'd by
Mela) may probably have c"'-^"""i,
he, flipendiarias Brabantiouum copjas, quas Rutas had its
name t. in th!s ™- j
f
ty ; and by
vacant, accerfivit; i.e. the King fent for the! i

Dr. Gale, at I
Not Tivriit.
 :;

iO 93 NORTH-HU MB ER- LAND. 10 94

Not far from hence (to omit other lefs Con are a great many Twifird, in
the fouth o( Eng-
fiderable Turrets) ftands, on the fhore, the old land: the Legend of S.
Cuthben fays, that this Page .7.
Caltle ot Whhrington or IVuderingtou, in the Saxon Synod was held at
Twifird upon Sla.l Next, is Ellington:
Language pibpmgcun which gave name to Ejlmgton, the feat ot the Collingwoods,
;
men of re-
the eminent and knightly family ot" the W
nown in the wars; fand who ftill continue here
:1
thringtons, who have frequently iignaliz'd their as alfo, Alan-wick
(call'd by the Saxons Ealn-pic, Mn-MA,
valour in the Scotifh wars fand were after- and now ufually Amiick,)
;
Town famous for
:i
* Mow, for- wards advanced to the dignity of *'Baruns.l the vidory obtain'd by the Englith;
feited, by when our
Near the river Coqited or Coquet falls into
this, brave Anceftors took William King of Scots,
Attainder. II74
the Sea which, rifnig among the Rocks of
; and preferred him a Prifoner to Henry the fecond.
Coquet.
Bilkfdtin. Cheviot-hills, has near its Head Billefdun, from It is defended with a goodly Cattle,
which !0 „ 7
whence are defcended the worfhipful family of Malcolm the third King of Scotland had fo ftrai-
the Selbies; and (lower, to the South) Harbottle, ren'd by fiege, that was upon the very point of
it
in Saxon bepbocde, i. e. the Annie's fiation; furrelider ; when prefently he was flain
by a
Harbottle. whence, the Family of the Harbottles, of good Soldier, who ttabb'd him with a Spear,
on the
So fa id, note in the laft age.
\\ TFrom the reign of point whereof he pretended to deliver him
||
the
ann. 1607. Henry the fourth, to that ot Richard the third, Keys of the Caftle. His fon Edward, rafllly
feveral ot this name were Sheriffs of Northum- charging the Enemy, to revenge his rather s
berland.! Here was formerly a Cattle, which death, was alto mortally wounded, and dy'd
was demolihYd by the Scots in the year 13 14. foon after. This was formerly a Barony of rhe
[The Saxon termination bocl (of the like im- Vefcies for Henry the fecond gave it
: to Eufla-
port with by, bam, and cun) is not only to chius Fitz.-Jolm, father of
William Vefcie, in Te- Te a a N vW
,
be obferved in the name of this Village, but nure ot twelve Knights Services.
John Vefcie
alfo in Larbottk, Sbilbottle, and others of lefs returning from the Holy
War, fis faid to havel
Halyfton. note in this County.! Hard by, ftands Halyjlon firfl brought Carmelites into England,
and to Carmelites
ov Holy-ftone; where, in the infancy of the Eng- have built a Convent for them
here at Holme, a
lifh Church, Paulinm is faid to have baptized folitary place,
and not unlike Mount Carmel in
many
thoufands. Upon the very mouth of Co- Syria. TBut, in truth, there never was any
Con-
guarded by the fair Caftle of vent or Monaftery founded at
quet, the fhore is
Alnwick, or near
IVarkworth, belonging to the Perries j wherein is it, by Join Vefcie. There was indeed a Mona-
a Chapel admirably cut out of a Rock, and fully ftery ot the Order of the
Pramtmflratenfii founded
Pari. Rolls, finifh'd withoutBeams or Rafters. This, King by Euflachias Fttz,-John, Father of William de
5 Edw. 3. Edward the third gave to Henry Percy, together Vefcie ; who had that firname
from his Mother,
with the Manour of Rochbury. It was formerly an Heirefs. But this was done in the year
j 147,
the Barony of Roger Fitz,-R'tchard , being given long before the Carmelites
w'ere heard of in
to him by Henry the fecond King of England ; England. John Bale (w ho was fometime a Car-
Clavering, who alfo beflow'd Cla'Vering in EJfex on his fon. melite himielf ) tells us, that the firft
Convent
Whereupon, at the command of King Edward of that Order was founded Holm {[Hull they
the firft, they took the firname of Clavering now call it) near Alnwick, by Ralph
Fresbum, a
leaving the old fafhion of framing firnames out Gentleman of Northumberland,
who dy'd A.D.
of the Chriftian name of their Father: for fo, 1274^, and was buried in this Convent.
Eufta-
anciently, according to the feveral names of chim s Abbey is ftill to be feen,
at a half a mile's
their Fathers, men were call'd Robert * Fitz,- diftance from the Convent of Hall,
down the
Roger, Roger Fitxrjohn, &c. Part of this Inhe- river.l William, the laft of the
Vefcies, made
ritance tell, by Fine and Covenant, to the Anthony Bee, Bifllop of Durham,
Truftee of <l\\vs Hlfl.DurHim.
Nevih, afterwards Earls of M/eflmoreland : Cattle and the Demefn-iands belonging ro ir, for
and another fhare of it to a daughter call'd Eve, the ufe of his natural fon, rhe only Child he
married to Th. Ujford; from whole Poflerity it left behind him. But the Bifhop, ' bafely
be-
defcended hereditarily to the Fienes Barons of traying his trutt, alienated the Inheritance;
fel-
Dacre : But from the younger fons, branch< 1 ling it for a prefent fum of money to
William
out the Barons of Euers, the Euers of Axlmlme, Percie, tince whole time it has always been in
the Claverings of Calaly in this County, and the polletTion of the Percies.

Momic. otners If tne Neighbourhood, is Menilic,

- From hence rhe (liore, after a great many In-Dunftiburg.
which may alfo boaft of its Lords, whole Male- dentings, panes by Duxfiobtlrge, a Caftle belong-
illue was extincf about the year 1258. The ing to theDutchy of Lancafler ; [within the Circuit
Inheritance was convey'd by daughters to the ot which, there grew not long fince,
two hun-
Lumleys, Seymours, Buhners, and JiafceUs. dred and forty Wir.cheflcr Bulllels of Corn, betides
Alaunus. Then the fhore receives the river Alaunus feveral Cart-leads of Hay. It is now famous for
which, having not yet loft the name whereby it Dunftaburgh-Diamonds, a fort cf fineSpar,
which
Aire. was known to Ptolemy, is frill briefly call'd Aim. feems to rival that ot St.
Vincent's Rock near
TwiSbrd. On its banks, are Twijford or Double-Ford (where
iftoQ This Caftle fome have f miltaken for f Polyd. Vtr-
a Synod was held under King Fgfrid. fAt this Bebban, which ftands further North, and, in-gil- 1-4. p.8o.
Synod S. Cutbbert is faid to have been chefen Bi- ftead of Bebbanbupt;, is now call'd Bamborrow Kei>b '"-
fhop. By the account that Bede (and especially Our Country-man Bede, fpeaking of the Cattle's Bamb ° rr01v "
his Royal Paraphraft) gives of the matter, it being befieg'd and burnt
by Penda the Mercian,
looks more like a Parliament than a Synod ; for fays it had this name from Queen
Bebba fbut ;
the Election is reported to have been, mid yet it may be queftion'd, whether
Bede himfelf
anmobpe se^apunge ealpa jtepa prcena ; i. e. ever gave out this Etymology. No mention of
with tie unanimous content of all the Wham. it is in the Saxon but it is there call'd cynehcan
:

Bede 1.4. Now pit:ena, in the Language of thofe times, bypiE> ' e. a Royal Manfion ; and it is alfo
c. 28. fignifies Senators or Parliament-men ; who, it faid, that it was miferably wafted by Penda,$
c fc p ; ,
feems, unanimoufly chofe him Bifllop ; or at the Pagan King of the Mercians; who
had cer-c. 12, 16.
leail approv'd the choice. The meeting is in- tainly burnt it, had not the Prayers of Bifllop
deed faid to have been on the river Alne; and Aidan happily inrerpos'd. Florence of
Worcefter
yet it is very much to be doubted whether this feems to have been the firft
contriver of the
Telford be in Northumberland, and whether Arch- ftory of Queen Bebba ;1 but Matthew
Weflminfler
bifllop Theodore ever came fo far north. There tells us it was built by Ida the firft King of
I

Nor-
 °95 OTT AD I N I. IOp5
Northumberland^ whofenc'd it with a wooden
affifhnce, till (at laft) beating his
head againft
Empailure, and afterwards with a Wall. (Take the * Tomb-ftone,
he dafh'd out his brains, *SepttUbri
Roger Hoveden's description of it Bebba, fays he. and fo expir'd.
:
Whereupon a certain Italian' aP'dc '
it a wry ftrong City ; not exceeding large, but con- wrote thus of him
:

taining two or three acres

of ground. It has one hol-
low entrance into it, which is admirably rais'd by Quacunque humani fuerant, jurifque Sacrati,
fteps. On the top of the hill (lands a fair Church _ In dubium veniunt cunila vocante Scoto.
and en the Weftern point of it is a Well, cttrioujly
adorn d, and of fweet and clear water.)
Quid ? quod &
in dubium iUius
fit vita w-
Tit was, cata,
afterwards, totally ruined and plundered by Morte ilium fimili ludificante flropha.
the Danes, in the year 5*33.1 At prefent, it is Quum non ante virum vita jugularit a-
rather reckon'd a Caftle than a City ; though of dempta,
that extent, that it rivals lome Cities. Nor was Quant vivus tumulo conditus ilk foret.
itlook'd upon as any thing more than a Cattle,
Tower of when King William Rufm built the Tower of What facred Writings or proph.inc can
SAale-veifia> Mah-veifin over-againft it, the better to engage (how,
theRebel Mowbray, who lurk'd here, and at laft All Truths were (Scotus) call'd in doubt
by
ftole orf and fled. TAfter Mowbray's flight, and you.
his being taken at Tinmouth, the Caftle of Barn- Your Fate was doubtful too : Death boafts
Sax. Chron. borrow was ftoutly maintained by Moral, his
Ann. 1095. to be
Steward and Kinfman; till the Earl himfelf The that chous'd
firft you with a Fal-
W'as, by the King's order, brought within view lacy :

of the Fort, and threatened with the having Who, left your fubtle Arts your life fhould
his eyes put out, in cafe the beheged held out fave,
any longer. Whereupon, it was immediately Before fhe {truck, fecur'd you in the
furrender'd ; and Moral, for his bravery, was re- grave.
ceived into the King's Court and Favour.! A
great part of its beauty was afterwards loft in That he was born here in England, I affirm
the Civil Wars when Brefjie the valiant Nor- upon the authority of his own Manufcript-
;

man, who fought for the Houfe of Lancafter, Works in the Library of AfcwB-CoIIege in
Ox-
dealt very unmercifully with it. Since that ford, which conclude thus Explicit LeEiura
Sub- :

time, it has been in a continual ftruggle tilis, ike. Here ends the Lellure
of John Duns,
with Age, and the Wind; which latter has, call'd Do&or Subtilis, in the
Univerfity of Paris,
through its large windows, drifted up an in- who was born in a certain Hamlet
of the Pari/h of
credible quantity of Sea-fand in its feveral Bul- Emildun, call'd Dunfton, in the
County of Nor-
warks; [yet, as ruinous as it now is, the Lord thumberland, and belonging to the
Houfe of the
of the Manour ftill holds here, in a corner of Scholars of Merton-Hall in Oxford,
fit was u-
it, his Courts of Leet and Baron.l Near this fual in thofe days for the Oxford-Scholars to
Emildon. is Emildon, fometime the Barony of John le fpend fome time at Paris but our Englifhmen HEft<
Vi fronts. Vifcont; but Rametta, the heir of the family, then did as feldom reap any
j
& Ant -

real advantage Oxon. !. 1.

fold it to Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicefier. fin by their French Education, as they commonly*™- 1282,
this neighbourhood, the improvements in Til- J
o now.l
lage, and in Gardening and Fruitery, by the Upon this fhore there is nothing further
Salkelds ( in this Purifh of Emildon) ought here worth the mentioning
( except Holy-Ifland, of
to be mentioned, as Fineries hardly to be e- which in its proper placej till we come to
the
quall'd on the North-fide of Tyne. The latter mouth of the Twede, which for a long way di-Tw«de.
is the more obfervable, becaufe an eminent Au- vides England from Scotland, and is
calt'd the
thor of this Age will hardly allow any good Eaftern March. Upon which, thus our Country-
Peaches, Plumbs, pears, &c. to be expected be- man Necham :
yond Northamptonfhire ; whereas Fruit is pro-
duced here in as great variety and perfection as inglos a Pitlis fejungit limite certo
in moft places in the South.] In this Barony Flumen quod Tuedam priflina lingua
Joli. Scotus, was born John Duns, call'd Scotus, becaufe de- vocat.
Potior Sub- fcended from Scotifh Parents who was edu-;
tilis, liv'd

A. D. 1300.
cated in AfertOB-College in Oxford, and becam< The Picts are fa 'd from the Engl iff*
an admirable proficient in Logick and School ground
Divinity.- but was fo fcrupulous and fceptical, By Twede ( fo call'd of old )
that he obfeur'd and perplex'd the great Truths bound.
of Religion. He wrote many things with that
profound and wondrous fubtlety (though in an This river rifes in a large ftream out of the
obfeure and impolifh'd ftile) that he got the Mountains ot Scotland, and afterwards takes
a
name of DoBor Subtilis; and had a new Sect great many turns among the Mofs-Troopers
called Scotifis, from his name. fThis ftudy ud * Drivers (to give them no worfe names, )* Sofaid,
'

of School-Divinity was mightily in fafhion who, as one expreftes it, determined all Ti- A ^' l6 ° 7
j|
'

about Scotus's time, and efpecially in the Uni- ties by the Sword's point. When it comes near'c. mine '
verfity of Oxford, where the petulant humours the village of Carram, being encreas'd with ma-Carram.
of the Dominicans put the Students upon all forts ny other waters, it begins to be the Bound
of wrangling. Hence, that place has afforded of the two Kingdoms and having pafs'd
:

more men of eminence in that way, than (per- IVerk-Cafile, which was fometime enjoy'd
bywerk '
haps) all the other Univerfities of Europe: and the Rojfes, and f afterwards by the Greysx.
No w c,
thefe have marflialled thetnfelves under the pom- (who have been long a Family of great reputa-
pous Epithets of Subtilis, Profundm, Irrefraga- tion for valour) and was frequently aftaulted by
TaUlus joviuslilii, &c.] As to Scotus, he dy'dmiferably: be- the Scots is inlarg'd by the river of Till, f Of
;

inElog.Doft.fng taken with an Apoplectick fit, and too

ha- the laft-mention'd Family, Sir William Grey,
ftily buried for dead. For, Nature having too in the time of King James the firft, was advan-
late wrought through the Diftemper, and ced to the honour of a Baron, by the title of
brought him to life, lie vainly mourn'd for Lord Grey of Werk.~i The river Till lias two
names :
 d

top; NORT H-HU MBER-LAN'D. 1098

names (which is further with- fo ail our Hi'itorians, but Ingulphus, call it) mull
: For, at its rife
Rramifli. in County) it is call'd Bra- have been fome- where nearer the Humber. Tho ,
the body of this
Bramton. mifh ; and on it frauds Bramton, a little obfcure perhaps, it will be more difficult to carry the
and inconfiderable Village, r but noted for great Conftantine of Scotland, and the little King
one of the prettieft Houfes in this part of the of Cumberland-, fo high into Torkfhire ; than to
County, a Seat of the Cdlingwoods, who are a bring Anlaf'thus far down into Northumberland.^
branch of the Houlc or" Eflington.A Hence it At this place, the name of Br ami/}} is changed
runs Northward by Bengely ; which, together into Till ; which firft pafles by Furd-Cafile Ford,
with Brampton, Bromdum, Rodam ( which gave (heretofore the property of the valiant Fami-
name to a Family ot" good note in thefe parts) ly of the Herons, now of the Cam ; ) and
Edelingham, &c. was the Barony of Patrick Eirl Etal, formerly the Seat of the Family ot
of Dunbar, in the reign of Henry the third. The Manoitrs or de Maneriis ; which was long
Book of Inquipion, among the Records, fays, He fince of a knightly rank, and from which the *
a
was Inborow and Outborow betwixt England and prefent Right Honourable * Earls of Rutland are fio^ ^}j, w
Scotland; that is, if I underftand it right, he defcended. TBy Deeds in the hands of the fa- Duke's,
was, here, to watch and obferve the ingrefs and mily of Collingwood of Brankerton, it appears
egrefs of all Travellers between the two King- that this Etal was
in the poUeflton' ot their.-*'"*;

doms. For, in the old Englifli Language, ln- Anceflors ot the fame name, in the reign of
inborrow, bopou is an Ingrefs or Entry. More North, Edward thelixth.l I wittingly omit many Ca-
upon the river, flands Chevelingham or Chilling- ftle s in this Country for it were endlefs to re- :

ChiUingham. .
w hfch was a Caftle that belong'd to one count them all ; fince it is certain, that in the
/)iJOT

Family of the Greys, as did Hortott-C&ftle, at a days of Henry the fecond, there were eleven hun- }
x <5 <
?
a[t
]
H
nS n
little diflance, to another ; but thofe two are dred and fifteen Caftles in England. •

now match'd into one.
lingbam-Caftle, there
hollow in the middle of it wherein (it is faid)
there was found a live Toad, at the fawing of
the Stone. The other part of it is alfo ftill to
be feen (with the like mark upon it, and put
Horton. to the fame ufe) at Horton-Caftle.~]
Wollover. Near this, is the Barony of Wollover which
fin the Hall, at Chil- Over-againft this Ford, Weft ward, rifes the
is a Chimney-piece with a high Mountain of Floddon ; famous for the Battel or
; overthrow of James the fourth King of Scots
Bj
^™
and his Army ; who, while King Henry the
eighth lay at the fiege of Tournay in France, did
with great Courage and greater Hopes (for,
before they began their March, they had divi-
ded our Towns among them) invade England.
',

Arms of the King Henry the firft gave to Robert de Mufco- Here Thomm Howard Earl of Surrey, with a
Mufcbamps. cam
p or Mafchamp, who bare
Azure, three But- good Army, bravely receiv'd him. The Dif-
terflyes, Argent. From him defcended another pute was obit inate on both fides, till the night
Robert,, who, in the reign of Henry the third, parted them, unable as yet to determine which
was reckon'd the mightieft Baron in all thefe way the Victory inclin'd. But the next day
Northern parts. But the Inheritance, foon after difcover'd both the Conquerour and the Con-
was divided and fhared among women one of quer'd ; and the King of Scots himfelf, being :

Fin. 35 H. 3* w lorn wa s marry 'd to the Earl of Strathern in mortally wounded in feveral places, was found
]

Scotland, another to William de Huntercombe, and among the heaps of the flain. Whence a new
a third to Odonel de Ford, f This Wollover, call'd Addition was given to the Arms of the How-
ufually IVooler, is now a little inconfiderable ards.
Market-town, with a thatch'd Church, and Twede, encreas'd by Till, runs now in a larger
Nor ^ am *
fome other marks of the Poverty of the Inha- ftream by Norhamot Northam ; which was for-
bitants.! merly call'd Vi'ban-ford. The Town belongs to
Soon after, Till is encreas'd by the river of the Bifhops of Durham : For Bifhop Egfrid |

cn ' r Y
'
'
"
Glen ; that gives the name of Glendale to the fwho was a mighty Benefactor to the See of
Glendale.
V
alley through which it runs. this rivulet Of Lindisfirn] built it [and the Church ;1 and his
Lib, 2. c. i4-]3 cde gives us the following account ; Paulinus Succeifor Ralph erected the Caftle on the top of
coming with the King and the Queen to the Royal a fteep rock, and moted it round, Tfor the bet-
Yevenn. Manour of Ad-gebrin (now Call d Teverin) /lay' ter fecurity of this part of his Diocefe againft
and thirty days J which he [pent
there -with them fix the frequent incurfions of the Scottifh, Mofs-
duties of CatechiJIng and Baptising.
in the From troopers.l On the utmoft Wall, and the largeft
morning till night, his whole bufmefs was to inftruB in Circuit, are placed feveral Turrets on a
the Country-People that flock''d to him from all places Canton towards the river ; within which there
and villages round, in the Principles of Chriftianity is a fecond Enclofure much Stronger than the
and, after they -were fo in/lrut'led, to baptize them former ; and, in the middle of that again, rifes
in the neighbouring river of Glen. This Manour a high Keep. But the Well-eftablifti d Peace
houfe was difusd by the following Kings ; and ano- of our times has made thefe Forts to be long
ther eretled in its /lead at Melmin, now Melfeld neglected ; notwithstanding they are plac'd up-
JvJeltcld. [The Saxon Paraphrafe gives us a further dire- on the very Borders. Under the Caltle, on a
ction ( befides what we have from the river Level Weftward, lies the Town, and the Church;
Glen) for finding out the place there mention'd wherein was buried Ceolwulph, King of iVor- u_{ n g cm*
by telling us, that thofe places are in the Country thumberland, to whom Venerable Bede dedica- »«//>£.
of the Beomicians ; which is a lull refutation of ted his Books of the Ecclefiaftical Hiftory of
what Bede is made to fay before, that Kinj_ England, and who afterwards, renouncing the R g. Hoyc«
Ofwaldbtll brought Chriftianity into that King- World, took upon him the habit of a Monk in the den.
dom .1 Church of Lindisfern, and lifted himfelf a Soldier
Battel of Here, at Brumford near Brumridge, King A- of the Kingdom of Heaven : his body was after-
J
^"gfa^f thdftan fought a pitch d Battel againft Atdaj the wards tranjlated to the Church of Northam. |
It

WtiLMaU ' Dane, Conftantine King of Scots, and Eugenius was dedicated to St. Peter, St. Cuthbert, and St.
mesb. and In- petty King ot Cumberland ; wherein he had Ceolwulph, that religious King of Northumberland;
gutybm. fuch fucceTs, that the Engagement is deicrib'd who was the firft of our Princes that retir'd
by the Hiftorians and Poets of that Age in ex- from a Throne to a Monaftery, His Body be-
traordinary Raptures of Wit and Eombaft. ing depofited here by the fame Bifhop, the
PFrom a paflage in Florence of Worcefter, one Monks of the following Age took care to bring-
may probably conjecture, that Brunanburh (for in the Country round to pay their Devotion
6 Z (and
 : ;

iopp OTTADINL uoo

(and Tribute) to their Royal Brother ; who abftrad of its Hiftory. The oldeft account that 1171.
always obi ig'd his vifitants with fome Miracle I find ot Berwick, is, that William King of
or
other."! When alfo the Danes had miferably Scots, being taken prifoner by the Englijh, pawn-
wafted the Holy I/land, in which St. Cuthkrt (lo ed it for his ranlbm to our Henry the fecond
much magnified by iiede) was Bifhop, and lay * redeemable only within fuch a time. Where-* Matt. Paris
buried, ionic endeavoured, by a religious Health, upon, fays the Polychronicon of Durham, Henry**)** iz was
to convey his body beyond Sea but, the winds immediately fortify'd it- with a Caftle. c
:
But Jj r A/-^f '

handing contrary, they with all due reverence, de- chard the firft rcftor'd it to the Scots, upon their'™
*The pan- ( fnei i t j)e fazed Body at * Ubbanford (whether a payment of
p the money. Afterwards King John
ted Books iJ„ , -J J
.
s \l .
.

have c cor- & l P

P See or no > IS ^certain ) near the river ; as the Hiftory of Melrofs reports) took the Town
>'
l)

ruptlyj Bul-Twede j -where it lay for many years, till the coming and Cafile of Berwick, at the fame time that he
beford. Will, of £
ing Erhelred. This, and other matters, burnt Werk, Roxburgh, Mitford, and Morpath,
Ma!iresb ae
Gelt. Font,
W ere taught me (for I fljall always own my and (with his Rutars) wafted all Northumber-
-

j,,^^^ by George Carlton born at this place, land j becaufe the Barons of that County had done
being Ton to the Keeper of Norham-Caftle ; homage to Alexander King of Scots, at Feltun.
II This fold, || whom, for his excellent Proficiency in Di Many years after this, when John Baliol King
ann. 1607. nity ( whereof heis Profeflbr ) and the other of Scotland had broken his Oath, Edward the
love, and am lov'd firft redue'd Berwick in the year of our Lord
polite parts of Learning, I
by him 1 were unworthy of that love,
: and 1207. But foon after, the tortune of war fa-
it I not acknowledge his Friendship. vouring the Scots, our men quitted it, and they
iliould
Killey. The old people told us, that at Killey, a little (eiz'd it : but the Englifh forthwith had it fur-
neighbouring Village below Norham, were found render'd to them again. Afterwards, in the
+ So faid, (within the memory or \ our Grandfathers ) loofe reign of Edward the fecond, Peter Spald-
ann. 1607. the ftudds of a Knight's Belt, and the hilt of ing furrender'd it
to Robert Brus King of Scots,
A golden a gword. of mafiey Gold j which were prefen- who warmly
befieg'd it ; and the Englifh vain-
ted to T. Ruihall Jiifhop of Durham. ly attempted its recovery, till (our Hetl or) Ed-
A
little lower you have the mouth o£Twede ward tiie third bravely carry 'd it, in the year
t
.

Berwick, on the farther bank or which ftands Berwick 1333-- In the reign of Richard the fecond, fome
the laft Town in England, and foncel the beft- Scottjfh Mcfs-Troopers furpriz'd the Gallic,
fortify'd in all Britain i [but it is now much out- which, within nine days, was recover'd by Hen-
and regular fortifications, by
done,' in ft'rength ry Perch Earl of Northumberland. Within feven
Portfmouth, Hull, Plymouth, and other Forts in years alter this, the Scots regain'd it rbut by
England and is chiefly flrong in the prefent
; purchafe, not by their valour. Whereupon the
happy Union of the two Kingdoms.] Some faid Henry Peuie (being then Governour of the
derive the name of this Town from one Beren- Town) was accus'd of High-Treafon: but he
garitu, a Romantick Duke. Leland fetches it alfo corrupted the Scotswith money, and fo
trom Aber, the Britifh word for the mouth of got it again. A
Jong time after this, when
a river and fo makes Aberwick to fignifie a
; England was almoft ruin'd by civil wars, Henry
Fort built upon fuch a mouth. But they will the fixth ( who had fled into Scotland ) de-
belt underftand the true etymology of it, who liver'd up to the King of Scots, the better
it

7«?a/Bib«iren-know what is meant by the word Berwicus in Kingdom. Two and

to fecure himfelf in that
ders -Berw/Vtft the Charters of our Kings; wherein nothing twenty years after, Thomas Stanley, with great
aManour. js more common than I give the Townfhips of C. redue'd
lofs, it to the obedience of Edward the
and D- cum fttis Berwicis. For my part, what fourth, fin the fame reign, a Statute was e-22Ed.1v. 4.'

it fhould mean I know not ; unlefs it be a nacted for the enlargement of the Privileges of c Si.
Hamlet or fome luch dependency upon a place of Berwick, in point of Trade and Merchandife.l
better note. For, in the Grants of Edward Since which time, the Kings of England have
the Confellbr, Totthill is call'd the Berwicus of fortify'd it with new works ; but efpecially
If/eftminfler, Wandlefworth the Berwicus of Patrick- Queen Elizabeth, who (to the terrour of the

fey i and
a thoufand of the like. Tin old Re- nemy, and fecurity of the Burghers) drew it
cords, we find it varioufly written, Berewica, into a lefs compafs than before, and furrounded
Berwichn, Berwichw, Berewkh, Berewka, and Ber- it with a high ftone-waU of firm Afliler work,
wita ; of all which, Initances may be feen in which is again ftrengthen'd with a deep ditch,
Sir Henry Spelman's Gloftary. It may be, the baftions, and couaterfcarp fo that its fortafi- * e r :
1-
r n ee before, ->
molt fuj table derivation of it (for our prefent cations are io ltrong and regular, that no be- . ,
1 . 1 1

p 0?9 .
purpofe) is what Fr. Tate has given us in his liegers can hope to carry it hereafter.
(rNottOfAnn. 1607:
Manufcript Exposition of the hard words in mention the valour of the Garrifon, and the fur-
Domefday-Book : Berewica, fays he, is a Corn- prizing plenty of Ammunition and all warlike
Farm ; which Etymology agrees well with the [fores.) Be it alfo remembered, that the Governor
plenty of grain about the Town of Berwick.'] of this place was always a perfon of the great-
But, why all this pains ? which is but loft labour, eft v ifdom and eminence among the Englifh
fome maintain) theSaxom call'd it anciently
if (as Nobility ; and was alfo Warden of thefe eaftern
Beopnica-pic, that is, the Town of the Bernicians ; Marches. The Mathematicians have plac'd this
for, that this part of the Country was call'd Town in 21 degrees, and 43 minutes of lon-
Bernicia we
have already noted, and the thing itude, and in 55 and 48 of northern latitude.
is too well known to be here repeated. But So that the longeft day, in this climate, con-
(whencefcever it had its name ) its fituation fifts of feventeen hours and 22 minutes ; and
carries it a good way into the Sea ; fo that its night only of 6 hours and 38 minutes. So Britain has
that and the Twede almoft incircle it. Being truly has Servius Honoratm written of this Coun-P lent >' ot
feated betwixt two mighty Kingdoms (as Pliny try: Britain, fays he,
Diy '
hat fuch plenty of day, that
obferves of Palmyra in Syria) it has always been {be has hardly any room for night. Nor is it a won-
the firft. place, that both Nations, in their wars,
der that the Soldiers of this Garrifon are
have had an eye on infomuch, that ever fince able to play all night at Dice without a can-
;

Edward the firft took it from the Scotch, dle, it we confider their continued twilight,
the Englifh have as often retaken it as the and the truth of Juvenal's expreiTion
Scots have ventur'd to take it. But, if the Rea-
der pleafes, we will here give him a fumr Lflry Minima
 : ;

I !OX NORT H-HU MBER-LA N D. I I02

belly' d women, with their hmbands, came to the table-
• Minima contentos nolle fids, and handling the bread and fmetting to the
wine, beg'd a tafte : jo that there was no avoiding
the dealing of the whale ajnongft them. After they had
mains with fhortefl nights content.
fate at fupper till two hours within night, the Curate

Take, parting, and the Landlord (with the children and all the men)
;
J. John/Ions Verfes upon
left^Eneas, and ruh'd of in hafle. Theyfaid, they
Berwick.
were going to {better themfefoes in a certain tower,
at a good diftance, for fear of the Scots, who (at
Scotorum extreme fub limite, Meta fu- low water) aul to crnjs the river in the night, jor
roris
plunder. They would by no means le perjwaded to take
Saxoiiidum : gent is par utriufque labor, .Eneas along with them, tho' he very importunately
Mille vices rerum, qua: milk eft pa/fa mi- entreated them to do it. Neither carry 'd they of my
nus,
of the women, though feveral of them, both wives
Mirum, qui potuit tot fuperejfe malis. and maids, were very handfome : jor they believe
Quiu fupereft, quin extremis exhaufta minis the enemy will net harm them not looking upon ;

Funere fie crevit firmior ufque j'uo :

whoredom as any ill thing. Thus .Eneas was lejr
Oppida ut extzquet jam. munitifftma. Civis done (with only two Servants and a Guide) amongfi
Militis cenfum, &mtmia Martis obit. & a hundred women, who fitting in a ring, with a fire
Paftquam fervitio dun'jque eft funci a peri- in the middle oj them, (pent the night jleeplejs, in
clis,
drejjing of hemp, and chatting with the Interpreter.
Ejfert Utitix figna ferarn ju,c :
When the night was well advanced, they heard a
Et nunc antiquo foelix je fallat honore, mighty noijeof dugs lut, Ling and gcej'e gagling where- ;

Own reddit domino dehita jura jno :

upon the women fiitf doff feveral ways, and the guide
Cujm ab Aufpiciis unita Britannia tandem ran away; and all was in fitch conjujhn,as if the ene-
Excelfum tollit libera in aftra caput. my had been upon tham.
But ./Eneas thought it his
wifeft courfe !u keep ckfe in his Bed-chamber (which
Bound of the Scottifo and the EngUffi Land, was a Stable) and there to await the iffue ; lejl,
Where both their realms and both their la- running out, and being unacquainted with the Country,
bours end ; he ftmild be robb\l by the firft man he met. Pre-
After a thoufand turns of doubtful flate, women and the guide return, acquainting
jently, both the
She yet outbraves the vain aflaults of them that all was well, and that they were Friends (and
Fate no Enemies) who were arrivd. fBut whatever
A happy Port in all her florms hath found, rougbnefs might be in the Manners of the Peo-
And ftill rofe higher as fhe touch'd the ple of Northumberland, at that time ; it is cer-
ground. tain that the Deicription which JEnem Silvi-
Surpals'd by none her (lately Forts ap- as gives oi them, is not their due at this day.
pear, Their Tables are as well flock'd as ever, with
Her Sons at once inur'd to Trade and Hens and Geefe ; and they have alio plenty of
War. good bread and beer. Strangers and Travellers,
Now all her florms and all her fears are are no novelties to them the Roads betwixt ;

gone, Edinburgh and Newcastle being as much fre-

In her glad look returning joys are quented by fuch (of all Nations,) as almoft any
fhown. others in the Kingdom. Wine is a greater ra-
Now her old honours a re at lafl re- rity in a Country-man's houfe in Middlesex,
flor'd, than on the borders of Northumberland where ;

Securely now fhe ferves her ancient you fhall more commonly meet with great flore
Lord : of it, than in the Villages of any other County
Blefs'd with whefe care united Britain in England: and, that Wine is not the conftant
rears drink ot the Country, ought no more to 'be re-
Her lofty head among the rival-Stars. mark'd as a thing extra ordinary, than that
To; l.flnre-Ale is not common in Italy. The
It may not be amifs to add here the account Mofs-Trooping-Trade is now Very much laid
The Corn-
afide; and a iimili will recompenfe all the Sum
mentaries of^'^^ JBaem Sylvius or Pope Pius the fecond
Pius 2. pub- (who came Legate into Scotland about the year
Robberies that are yearly committed in this
lifli'd under gives of the Borderers in this Country, County ; where mens perfous are as fate, and
1448.)
the name of-
n ^g jjj.- written by hirafelf; lince their mau- their goods as fecure, as in the moll civiliz'd

" ll1 continue the lame. Kingdoms oi Europe. Whoredom is reckon'd

+Now ereat- ners T
as fcandalous a Vice here, as elfewhere ; and
1y civilized.
*Twede. A certain * River, jailing from a high mountain.. it may be truly faid, far more fcandalous, than
Manners of parts the two Kingdoms: over which .Eneas jer- in the Southern parts of the Kingdom. In a
the Borde- ry d ; and coming to a large 'village about Sun-fet,
word ; the Gentry of Northumberland are gene-
rers.
he alighted at a country-man's houfe, -where he fup'a rally pcrfons of addrefs and breeding, and pre-
with the Curate of the place and his hoft. The table lervers of the true old Englifh Holpitality in
was plentifully fumipd with pottage, hens, and their Houfes And the Peafants are as know- :

geeje but nothing of either wine or bread appeared. ing a people, and as courteous to ftrangers,
',

All the men and women of the town flock' d in, as to as a man fhall readily meet with in any other
fome ftrange fight and, as our country-men life to ad- parts.l
.-

mire the ^Ethiopia ns or Indians, fo thefe people ftar'd There were * in this Country certain petty* Tins, conil
ow
at yEneaS, caking the Curate, what country-man he Nations who were call'd Sevenburgenfes and Tif-
was ? what his errand could be 1 and, whether he bitrgingi ; but fo dark is the account we have of^
J^ ^ -

were a Cbriftian or no ? But jEneas, being aware, them, that I f am not able to afcertain theFifburgingi.
oj the fcarcity he ftmtld meet with on tins road, had true place of their residence, nor tell you whe-t So, C. ann.
,(5o 7*
been accommodated by a Monaftery with a rundlet oj ther they were Danes or Englifh. Florence of
red wine and fome loaves of bread. Wl en thefe were JVorceflcr (publifh'd by the right honourable the 101 3-
brought to the table, they were more ajlonifh'd than be- Lord William Howard) fays, that whiljl the Par-
jore, having neverjeen either wine or white bread- Big- liament fate at Oxenford, Sigelerth and Morcar
(two
 ; ?

1 103 OTT AD INI. 1 104.

(two eminent and powerful Minifiers of the Seoven I'efoIvM to make the people pay for it. Rut
burgenjes) were privately murder d by Edrick they, at laft, being wearied with
daily extor-
StreonaAnd that Prince Edmund, contrary to the tion, and redue'd almoft to beggary, unani-
:

of his father, marry d Alfrith the -wife of moufly fell upon him,
good liking and flew him, at a
ftheSigeferth: and, taking a progrefs as far as the Fit- County-Court; which he ufed always to at-
gingi. burgingi, invaded Sigeferth*r Territories, and fub- tend himfelf in perfon, the better to fecure
Sj But let a-
dud his People [Upon further enquiry, theft the Fees and other Perqnilites.
||.
(And, at that
furtherEn-* ^
them) appear
Saxons called time, thefe were confiderabie ; fince the She-
burgingi (or Fifburbingan, as the
to have been the
Danifh Inhabi- rifts of Northumberland never accounted to the
ciuiry into
tbefc mat- tants of the five Towns of Leicejlcr, Lincoln, King, before the third of Edward the fixth.)
ters, C. Nottingham, Stamford, and Derby. To thefe Their Foreman gave, the word which moil ;

were afterwards added the Cities of York and of our old Hiilorians have thought worth the
Chefler, and then the fame People (for tke like recording to Poftenty,
reaton) were called Seofenburgenfes. Of thefe,
Sigejerth and Morcar were (as Florence exprefles it)
Minifiers, and (as the Saxon Chronicle) 'Thames', Short red, good red, flea ye the Bijhop.]
which being interpreted according to the old
Danifh Diagn, doth import Government and
Power.~\ The Title was afterwards conferred on Ro-
This Province was firft brought under the bert Mowbray, who deftroy'd himfelf by his
Saxon yoke by Ofca, brother of Hengifl, and own wicked Treaion. Then (as the Polychro-
Kirgs,Duk«,hi s fon i was for fomc time under
and barb o j y e Ufai anc
c t\ t
/;

1
nicon oj Durham tells us ) King Stephen made
governmentDukrs, who were homagers Henry, fon of David King of Scots, Earl of
?
of
Nortbumber-
land. t0 the Kings of Kent,
'

Afterwards, when the Northumberland: and his Son William (who was
Bernicians. Kingdom of the Bernicians (whom the Btitains alfo himtetf afterwardsKing
of Scots) wrote him-
call Guir a Brinaich, that is, Mountaineers) was felf William de
Warren Earl of Northumberland ;
erected, the beft part of it lay between the for his mother was of the family
of the Earls
* Scoticum Tecs and * Edinburg- Frith and this was fubject. of Warren, as appears by the Book of Brink-
;

fretum. to the Kings of Northumberland. When theft burn-Abbey. Within a few years after, Ri-
had finiftYd their fatal period, all beyond Tviedi chard the firft fold this County to Hugh Pud-
became part of Scotland and Egbert King of fey Eifhop of Durham, for life but when that
;
:

the Eafi-Saxons had this County furrender'd to King was imprifond by the Emperoxr in
his re- Lib. Dunelm.
him, and annex'd it to his own Dominions, ffo turn from the Holy War, and Hugii advanced
far, as that Earned King of the Northumbrians, only two thoujand pounds
in jllver towards his
became Tributary to him but Northumberland ranfom, the King took this flender contribution
;
fo
continued a Kingdom, long after that."! Alfred ill (knowing that under colour
of this ranfom he had
afterwards aflign'd it to the Danes, T(or rather raii'd vafifums,) that he deprivd him
of the Earl-
was under the neceffity of coming to terms with dom.
them ;) 1 and they, within a few years, were Afterwards, that Honour was enjoy'd by * At prefer*,
thrown out by Athelflane. Yet, even after this, the family of the Percies, who being defcen-C.
the People made Ethic the Dane their King ded from the Earls of Brabant, got both the Fercies Je "
who was forthwith expell'd by King Ealdred. firname and the inheritance of the ft ra £™ m >,,™
t
Henceforward, the name of King was no more when Jofceline ( the true orf-fpring of Charles
Great.
heard of in this Province ; but its chief Magi the Great, by Gerberg daughter to Charles youn-
Urates were calPd Earls, of whom, thefe that ger brother of Lotharim, the laft King of
follow arefuccefiively reckon'd by our Hiftorians, France of the Caroline flock ) the younger fon
Ofulph, Oflac, Edulph, Waldeoj the Elder, XJcktred, of Godfrey Duke ot Brabant, marry'd Agnes
Adulph, Aired, Siward, Toflius, Edwin, Morcar, daughter and folc heir of William
3
Percie. This
and Ofculph. Amongft thefe, Si-ward was a per- William $ great grandfather ( cail'd alfo Willi-
fon of extra ordinary valour ; who, as he liv'd am Percie ) came into England with
William
InguipK p. fo he chofe to dye, in his Armour. His County the Conquerour, who befiow'd on him large
5ii. b. An.
of York was given to TofHus, Brother to Earl Ha- pofi'eflions in Tatcafter, Linton, Normanby, and
1056.
rold i and the Counties of Northampton and Hun- other places. The faid Agnes and Jofceline cove-
tingdon, with his other lands, were ieftow'd on the nanted, that he fhoukl take upon
him the
nobleEarl Waldeof, his Son and Heir. I have her name of Percie, but ftill retain his ancient
given you the very words of Ingulphus, becaufe Arms of Brabant, which 'were, a Lion
Ax>ure
there are fome who deny that he was Earl of (cliang'd afterwards by the Brabanters
) in a
* So faid, Huntingdon. To this let me alfo add what * I Field Or. The firft of this family that was
arm. 1607. have met with on the fame fubject, in an old made Earl of Northumberland, was Henry Per-
Parchment Manufcript in the Library of John cie, the fon of Mary, daughter of Henry Earl
Stow, a moft worthy Citizen, and induftrious of Lancafter ; who, on account of his noble
Antiquary, of the City of London. Copfi being Birth, and warlike Exploits, had large PofTef-
made Earl of Northumberland by William the fions beftow'd upon him in Scotland, by Ed-
Conqueror, difpofiefs'd Ofculph, who neverthe- ward the third. He was very much enrich'd
lefs flew him within a few days. Afterwards, by his fecond wife Matilda Lucy, by whom
Ofculph himfelf was fiabb'd by a Robber, and he had no child, but fhe oblig'd him to bear
dy'd of the wound. Then Gofpatrick bought the Arms of the Lucies ; and Richard the fe-
the County of the Conqueror, by whom he cond created him Earl of Northumberland. His
was alfo prefently diverted of the Honour, and behaviour afterwards was very ungrateful to
was fucceeded by Waldeof the fon of Siward. this his great Benefactor ; for he deferted him
He loft liis head, and was fucceeded by Wakher in his ftraits, and help'd Henry the fourth to
Eifhop ot Durham, who (as well as his fuc- the Crown. He had the Ifle of Man be-
ceflbr Robert Comin) was flain in an infurreclion flow'd on him by this King, againft whom
of the Rabble. fThis Wakher was a moft vile he alfo rebell'd ; being prick'd in Confidence
Oppreflbur, and fcandalous Worldling. He at the unjuft depofing of King Richard by
bought the Earldom of Northumberland, and his means, and vex'd at the clofe confinement
of
 ; 1

I ics NORT H-HU MBER-LAND. 1 06

of (the undoubted Heir of" the Crown) Ed- the Non-age of Edward the the Ring-
fixth,

mimd Mortimer Earl of March, his kinf leaders ot the feveral Factions
fharcd the Ti-
man. Hereupon, he firft fent fame Forces tles ot Honour among themfelves and their A-

againft him under the command of his brother bettors. This was that Duke of Northumber-
Thomm Earl of JVercefter, and his own tor- land, who for fome time (like a Whirlwind)

ward fon Henry firnam d fVhot-fpur, who were troubled the Peace of his Native Countrey
both Cain in the battle at Shrewsbury.. Upon by endeavouring to exclude Mary and Eliza-
but beth, the Daughters of Henry the eighth, from
this, he was attainted of High-Treafon ;

was prefentiy receiv'd again iteming their lawful Right of Succeifion

into the having de- ;

favour oi the King, who indeed ftood in awe fign'd ( by the countenance of Lawyers, who
of him.- He had alio his eftate and goods re- are inclinable to (stye the purpofes of
flor'd to him, except only the Ifleof Man, wnich Great men) to fettle the Crown on Jane Grey,
the King took back into his ow n hand. r Yet, to whom he had married his fon. Hereupon,
not long after, this popular and heady man did being convicted of High Treafon, he loft his
again proclaim war againft: the King as an head and on the Scaffold openly own'd and
;

Ufurper, having call'd-in the Scots to his affi- profefs'd the Popifli Religion, which (either in
ftance. And now, leading on the Rebels in good eameft, or feemingly and to ferve a turn)
perfon, he w'as furpriz'd by Thomas Rokesby, he had, for a good while before, renounced.
High-Sheriff of Torkflnre, at Earham-moor ; ["He exhorted the People, to ftand to the Reli-
where, in a confufed skirmifh, his Army was gion of their Anceftors ; to reject all Novel-
ties, and to drive the Preachers out of the Na-
routed, and himfelf flain, in the year 1408.
Eleven years after, Henry the fifth (by Act ol tion ; and declared that he had temporized a-
Parliament) reftor'd the Honour to Henry Per- Conference
gainft his and that he was al-
;

tie, his Grandchild by his fon Henry Whot- ways of the Religion of his Fore-fathers.] Up-
fpur ; w hofe mother was Elizabeth, daughter
: on his death, Queen Mary reftor'd Thomas Per-
of Edmund Mortimer the Elder, Earl of March. cie, Nephew to Henry, the fixth Earl, by his

by Philifpa, daughter of Lionel Duke of Cla- brother Thomas creating him at firft Baron
;

&4Phil,
rence. This Earl reiolutelyefpoufed the intereft Percie, and (foon after, by a new Patent) Earl3
of Henry the fixth againft the Houfe of York, of Northumberland, To himfelf and the Heirs-
and was flain in the Battel of St. Albans. His male of his Body ; and for want of fitch, to his

fon Henry,the third Earl of Northumberland Brother Henry and his Heirs-male. But this

(who married Eleanor the daughter of Richard Thomas, the leventh Earl, under pretence of re-

Baron of Poynings, Brian, and FitzrPaine) loft his ftoring the Romifh Religion, rebelled againft

life in the fame Caufe, at Towton, in

the year his Prince and Country, and fo loft both his
1461. When the Houfe of Lancafter, and (with Life and Honour
in the year 1572. Yet, by

it) the Family of the Percies, was now

under the fpecial bounty of Queen Elizabeth, his bro-
a cloud, King Edward the fourth created Join, ther Henry ( according to the Tenor of Queen
Nevil, Lord Montacute, Earl of Northumberland. Mary's Patent) fucceeded him as the Eighth
but he quickly refign'd that Title to the King. Earl, and dy'd in Prifon in the year 1585.

being made Marquifs Montacute. Alter which,
Edward the fourth gracioufly reftor'd to his
father's Honours Henry Percie, fon of the fore-
mention d Henry who, in the reign of Henry
;
the feventh, was flain by a rabble of the Coun-
try-People, in a Mutiny againft the Collectors
He was fucceeded by his fon Henry, the ninth
_
Earl of Northumberland of this Family ; who
was fon of Katharine, eldeft Daughter, and
one of the Heirs, of J. Nevil Baron Latimer.
("This Earl was a great Patron of Learned
men, efpecially Mathematicians, with whom

ot a Tax impos'd on them by Ad of Parlia- he kept a conftant familiarity and corrtfpon-

ment. To him fucceeded Henry Perth, the fifth Soon after the difcovery of the Pow-
dence.
Earl. From him (who was himfelf the fon of a was committed Prifoner to the
der-Plot, he
Daughter and Co-heir of Robert Spenfer) and Tower, upon fufpicion oi his being privy to
Eleanor, Daughter and Co-heir of Edmund that part which his kinfman Thomas Percie had,
Beaufort Duke of Somerfet, defcended Henry, the in the Confpiracy. He was fucceeded by his
fixth Earl. He having no Children ( and his fon Algernoon ; whofe fon Joceline (the Iaft Earl
brother Thomas being executed for rebelling a of this Family ) dy'd at Turin, A. D. 1670,
gainft Henry the Eighth in the beginning of leaving only one
daughter, Elizabeth, the pre-
the Reformation) fquander'd away a great part fent Dutchefs of Somerfet. Upon his death,
of his fair Eftate, in Largeffes upon the King the Honour of Duke of
Northumberland was
and others as looking on his Family to be given by King Charles
;
the fecond to his own

now redue'd to a final period. A few years natural Son George Fitz,-Roy ; by whofe death
Duke of Nor- after, John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, got tht the title is now become vacant. 1

thumbsrlanL Title of Duke of Northumberland ; when, \\

7 A More
r io7 OTT J DIN I. 1 108
Pyrola Alfines flore Europaa C. B. Park. Her-
ba trientalis J. B. Winter-green with Chick-weed
More rare Plants growing wild in Northum- flowers. On the other fide tfa Pills-wall five miles
berland. beyond Hexham Northwards. And among the Heath
upon the moift Mountains not far from Harbottle
Chamaepericlymenum Park. Ger. Periclyme- weflward.
num humile C. B. parvum Prutenicum Clufii Rhaphanus rufticanus Ger. Park. C. B. iylve-
J. B. Dwarf Homy-fuckle. On
ftris five Armoracia multis
the Weft-fide of Horfe-radijb-
J. B.
the North-end of the higheft of Cheviot-hills in great We obfervd it about Alnwick and elfewhere in this

flenty. County, in the ditches and by the water-fides, grow-

Echium marinum B. P. Sea-Bughffe. At in great plenty.

Scrawnierfton-mill between the Salt-pans and Bar- Eryngium vulgare J. B. vulgare & Came-
wick-,on the Sea-baichy about a mile and a halffrom rarii C. B. mediterraneum Ger. medicerraneum
Barwick. feu campeflre Park. Common Eryngo of the Mid-
Lyfimachia filiquofa glabra minor latifolia. land. On the fhore caU'd Friar-gpofe near Newcaflk
'The leffer fmooth broad-leav'd codded Willow-herb. upon Tyne.
On Cheviot-hills by the Springs and Rivulets of
water.

THE
 THE

UNION
O F

ENGLAND
AND
SCOTLAND.
 3 .

i r 1 rri4

t ;;-'

[THE

UNION O F

ENGLAND AND

SCOTLAND.
Hoever hath perufcd the Hi- and to have Hoftages fent from thence to the En-
flories ot England and Scot- glifli Court for performance of Articles. Eut
land, under two Indepen- thefe Proceedings were zealoufly and openly op-
dent Monarchs, and beheld pofed by the French whofe influence in the
;

there the terrible Deftructions Scotch Counfels was at that time fo powerful
and Devaluations ot Fire, and prevailing, that the projected Match was
Sword, and Rapine ; the vafl confumption of broken oft ; and King Henry (difappointed of
Blood and Treafure, in maintaining the Bor- the hopes which he had conceived, of laying the
ders on both fides; and the frequent Advan- foundation of a lafting Union, and growing in-
tages accruing to foreign Enemies from thofe firm, and dying not long after) could only leave
x
terrible Hoftilities between the Inhabitants of it in charge with his Council, to profecute that
the fame Ifland; mull: readily acknowled^ Point by force of Arms to the laft, if the Scots
that an entire and perpetual Union of the Eftates would not be induced by fair means to confent
of thofe two Kingdoms under the fame M> to the Match, according to the National En-
narch, and with the fame Legiflature was one of gagement which they had palled. Purfuant to
the greateft Bleffings to both, that Heaven could this charge, the Duke of Somerfet, Protector of
fend ; especially, at a time when there was fo the Kingdom under Edward the fixth, marched
much caufe to dread a Return to that ancient into Scotland at the head of an Army and ha- ;

{fate of Entire Separation and Independence. ving firfl by meflage propofed a Treaty about
a Union at- It was in a fenfe of thefe dreadtul Calamities, the Match, but in vain, he afterwards defeated
mpted by that King Henry the eighth (to go back no them in the memorable Battel of Mujfelburgh
%' furtne did foearneflly labour a match between Whereupon, the Scots caft themfelves upon the
klfIT*
'
the daughter of James the fifth of Scotland, and Protection of France ; whither the young Queen
his own fon Edward ; which proceeded fo far, was conveyed, and many years alter marry M to
as to be ratified in the Parliament of Scotland, the Dauphin.
7 B But
I J 1
1$ The UNION of 1 1 1 <S

Union of En- But w h at neither the Connfels nor Arms of in peace and quietnefs in time to come. As
.gW and England could effect, was brought about by likewife to preicribe fome order, how the pur-
-
Scotland under suits of former wrongs, preceding the death
jylvme p roVidence3 without the intervention oi

ekhetfj in half: aCentury after; in which time, of the late Queen and lince the laft Treatife
slumesu
Edward the fixth and his two lifters dying v ith- of the Borders in the years 1596 and 15^7,
out and a fon being born to the Queen of
iftue, which have never yet been moved, may be
Scots, and Succeeding to that Kingdom by the continued and protect! ted to a definitive Sen-
name of James the fixth He, upon the death ; tence,

of Elizabeth Queen of England (the laft of

< And forafmuch as the next degree to the Participation
all memory of Hoftility is the°.f Commodi-.
King Henry's ilVue, that wore the Crown) fuc- abolition ot

ceeded alfo to the Kingdom of England, by the participation of mutual Commodities and tie8 tobemi
1 j
name of James the Hrft, as lineally, rightfully, and Commerce; It is agreed, Firft, concerning

lawfully defended of the body of the mojl excellent importation of Merchandise into either
Lady Margaret, eldefl daughter of the mofl renowned Realm from foreign parts, that whereas cer-
King Henry the feventh and the High and Noble tain Commodities are wholly prohibited by

Princefs Queen Elizabeth his Wife, eldeft daughter the Several Laws of both Realms to be
of King Edward the fourth; the /aid Lady
Mar- brought into either of them by the Natives
garet being eldefl Sifter of King Henry the eighth, themfelves or by any other, the faid Prohi-
father of the High and Mighty Princefs of famous bitions fhall now be made mutual to both,
memory, Elizabeth late Queen of England ac- ; and neither an Engl/fb-man bring into Scot-
cording to the language of an of Parlia- AS land, or a Scotch-man into England, iany of
ment in England, folemnly recognizing his thefe prohibited Wares and Commodities :
Right and Title to the Crown. "Neverthelefs, it the faid Commodities be
A further U- The King having thank'd the Parliament for made in Scotland, it Shall be lawful to bring
nion attempt- r
reaciy an d chearful Recognition of his them out of Scotland to England ; and fo re-
^ ' wiB by
B
,-hjs

Right, did immediately move for an Union be-

I
*
tween the two Kingdoms ; that, as they were made
ciprocally of the Commoditi 's made in Eng-
land, and carried to Scotland,
i
Head, jo among themfehes they might be
one in the Whereas a doubt hath been conceived a- inequality of
infeparably conjoined, and ali memory of by-pcm gainft the equal communication of Trade be-Privileges tl

Divifwns extinguffoed. Whereupon, an Act of twixt Englifh and Scottifi fubjects in matter * tried * 1

Parliament was pailed in England, prefently of Importation, grounded upon Some Inequa-
and alfo a like Act in the Parliament of Scot- lityof Privileges which the Scots are reported
land, fome months after; by which Aits, Com- to have in foreign parts, and namely in France,
miffioners of the two Kingdoms, respectively, above the Englifo, whereby the EngUfb might
were empowered to meet and treat concerning be prejudged; and that after a very deliberate
Articles of Union, to be laid before the Parlia- consideration had of the Said fuppofed Ine-
ments of both Nations. In virtue of thofe qualities, both private and publick examina-

Powers, they accordingly met at Weftminfter, tion of divers Merchants of either fide touch-
OBob. 20. 1604, and agreed upon the following ing all Liberties, Immunities, Privileges, Im-
Articles :
ports and Payments on the part of the En-
4
gHfl>, and on the part of the Scottifh, either
at Bordeaux for their trade of Wines, or in
Articles of * It is agreed by the Commiffioners of Eng- Normandy or any other part of France for other
Union, lew/). land and Scotland to be mutually proponed to Commodities, it appeared that in the Trade
Jac. I. the Parliament of both Realms at the next of Bordeaux there was and is fo little diffe-
Hoftife Laws
extinguifhed. Seflions, That all Hoftile Laws made and con- rence, in any advantage of privileges or im-
ceived exprefly, either by England againft munities, or in rfie imports and payments,
Scotland, or Scotland againft England, Shall in the all being reckoned and well weighed on either

next Seflions be abrogated and utterly extin- fide, as itcould not juftly hinder the commu-
guished. nication of Trade : in the trade of Normandy
'
It is alfo agreed, that all Laws, Cuftoms, likewife, or any other parts of Frame, the
The name of
Borders abo- and Treaties of the Borders betwixt England advantage that the Scottift) fubjects by their
fiflied. and Scotland fhall be declared by a general Act privilege is acknowledged to have is fuch, as
to be abrogated and abolifhed, and that the without much difficulty may be reconciled and
Subjects on either part fliall be governed by the reduced to an equality with the Englifh, by
Laws and Statutes of the Kingdoms where fuch means as is hereafter declared ; It is

they dwell, and the name of the Borders ex-
tinguished.
' becaufe by abolishing the Border-Laws
And
Order for
Sentences not and Cuftoms it may be doubted, that the
fatisfied. Executions fhall ceafe upon thofe Sentences
that have heretofore been given by the oppo-
lite Officers of thofe Borders, upon wrongs
committed before the death of the late Queen
of happy memory ; it is thought fit that in
cafe the Commiffioners or Officers to be ap-
pointed by his Majefty before the time of the
agreed, that the Scottifh-men fliall be free for
the transporting of Wine from Bordeaux into
England, paying the fame Cuftoms and Du-
ties that the Englifb-mvn do pay, and the
Englifh-mcn fliall be likewife tree for tran-
sporting of Wine or other Commodities from
Bordeaux into Scotland, paying the fame Cu-
ftoms and Duties that the Scottifh-men do pay
there.
' And likewife for clearing and refolving the importation
doubts touching the advantage that the Scots to bs tree to ,

are SuppoSed to have above the Englijb in buy-

both ^°? ]e '
next Seflions of Parliament fhall not procure
Sufficient redrefsof fuch filed Bills and Sen- ing and transporting the Commodities of Nor-
:
tences, that then the faid Parliaments may mandy, and of other parts of the Kingdom of
;

be moved to take fuch order as to their France ( excepting the buying of Wine in Bor-
wifdoms fhall feem convenient, for Satis- deaux, which is already determined,) It is
faction of that which hath been decerned by agreed, that there fhall be Sent Some meet
:

fome Officers; as alfo how diforders and in- and diScreet perfons into Frame, two for
folencies may be hereafter repreiicd, and the either fide, to take perfect notice of any Such
Country which was lately of the Borders kept advantage as either the Englifo have above the"
Scots?
 ,

1 117 England and Scotland. 1

c
Scots, or the Sots above the Engufb,mt\\c buy- Wares to be tranfported forth ot Scotland to
4
ing or transporting of any Commodities of England^ or out of England to Scotland, by
' Normandy oraay parts of France (excepting the any of the Kings i'ubjects of either King-
* Wine of Bordeaux) and asthefaid perfons fhall doms, having at their tuft entry lee paid
4
find the advantage to be, fo for making the cuftom in either of the Kingdoms, fhall not
4
Trade equal, the Cuftom fhall be advanced to pay outward cuftom therein afterwards, five
(
the King in England and Scotland. And for only inward cuftom at that Port whereunto
* the part of thofe that have the advantage, and they fhall be tranfported But the owner of :

' according to the proportion of the faid ad- the Goods, or the Factor or Mailer of the (hip,
4
vantage, the advancement of the Cuftom to fhall give Bund not to tranfport the fame in-
' continue no longer than the privilege of having to any foreign part.
4
' fuch advantage (hall and that gt-
continue ; It is alfo agreed that Scottijh-men fhall not be-SV"** qiay be
4
nerally for all other Trade from any parts deb:irrud from buing ailociates unto any Eng-*®*'?}^ 1 in

company of Merchants, as Merchant-ven-^'^ Com

4 "
the Englifl) and Scottip Subjects, each in others hfl)
(
Country, fhall have liberty of Importation as tuivrs or others, upun fuch conditions as
4
freely as any ot the native Subjects thcmfelvcs any Englishman may be admitted ; and fo re-
4
having fpecial Privilege. ciprocally tor Englifhmen in Scotland.
Exportation * Next, concerning Exportation, It is agreed 4
It is neverthelefs agreed by mutual con- Order for
of Goods pro- that all fuch Goods as are prohibited and for- and fo to be undLTiiood, that the
fent, mutu- trai:f P orI:a- .

hibited made tlon

bidden to Englishmen themlelves to be trans- al liberty aforefaid of Exportation and Trade
*

unlawful to
both. ported forth of England to any foreign part, in each part from the one to the other fhall
the fame fhall be unlawful for any Stottiffamen ferve for the inward ufe only of either Realm ;

or any other to transport to any foreign Na- and order taken for reftraining and prohibi-
tion beyond fea, under the fame penalties and ting the tranfoortation of the faid Commo-
:

forfeitures that the Englifl) are fubject unto
and reciprocally that forth of Scotland,
glifomen tranfport to any foreign part
fhall
the Goods or Commodities that are prohibi-
ted in Scotland to Scottifb-men themfelves Ne-
verthelefs fuch Goods and Commodities and
Merchandifes as are licenfed to Englishmen to
tranfport out of England to any foreign part,
the fame may be likewife traniported by
their go-
Scottiflrmen thither, they certifying
ing into foreign parts, and taking a Cocquet
accordingly, and paying the ordinary Cuftom
that Englifhmen do pay themfelves at the ex-
porting of fuch Wares The like liberty to be
: two parts fhall appertain to his Majefty, if
for Englifhmen in Scotland.
;
dities into foreign parts, and for due punifh-
no En- ment of thofe that fhall tranfgrefs in that be-
half.
4
And for the better affurance and caution Puniilimert
: herein, it is agreed that every Merchant fooffuchas (liall
"° refs "
offending fhall forfeit his Goods ; the Ships trani
wherein the iaid Goods fhall be tranfported,
conHfcated ; the Cultomers, Searchers, and
other Officers of the Cuftom whatfoever, in
cafe of confeat or knowledge on their part,
to lofe their Offices and Goods, and their
bodies to be imprifoned at his Majeflies plea-
sure. Of which Efcheats and Forfeitures
the Cuftoms be unharmed, and the third to

Order frrNa- 4
As Native Commodities which ei
tor the the Informer and if the Cuftoms be farmed,
:

tive Commo' do yield, and may feve

ther of the Countries one third of the Forfeiture fhall belong to
dities.
:

for the ufe and benefit of the other, It is a- his Majefty, a third to the Farmers of the
'
greed that mutually there may be tranfpor'.ec Cuftoms, and the other third to the Informer.
* forth of England to Scotland, and forth of Scot- The trial cf the offence to be fummar in ei-
* land to England, all fuch Wares as are neither ther Country in the Exchequer-Chamber by
4
ot the growth or handy-work of either of Writ, fufficient Witneues, or Oath of party,
* the faid Realms, without payment of any im or before the Juflice by Jury or Affize ; and
4
poft,cuftom or exaction, and as freely in all his Majeflies Officers in either Country to
* refpefts as any Wares may be tranfported ei- convene with the Complainers that interefl in
1
ther in England from part to part, or in S<ot- the purfuit.
4 4
land from part to part ; excepting fuch parti- As alfo tor the more furety that there fhall Caution to l>e
4
cular forts of Goods and Merchandifes as are be no tranfport at ion of fuch Goods it is a- given by the
'hereafter mentioned, being reftrained for the greed that at the fhippmg of all fuch native £ wijf™ d
*f
1
proper and inward ufe of each Country. And Commodities there be taken by the Cofto> gjjips,"
' for that purpofe it is declared, That both in mer of the Port where the Goods or Wares
4
this communication of benefit and participa- are imbarked, a Bond or Obligation fub-
4
tion of the native Commodities of the one fcribed by the Owner of the faid Goods, and
* Country with the other, there fhall be fpeci-
Matter of the Ship by the Owner, if he be ;

* ally referved and excepted the forts hereafter prefeut,and in cafe of his abfence, by the
r fpecified That is to fay, Wool, Sheep, Sheep-
; Matter, of the Ship, and Factor or Party that
4
fell, Cattel, Leather, Hides and Linnen-yarn :

ladeth the fame : Which Bond fhall contaia

* which are fpecially reftrained within each :

a fum of money anfwerable to the value of the

*
Countrey, not to be tranfported from th ;

Goods, with condition of relieving the party

' one to the other ; excepting alfo and refervin^ '
obliged, and difcharging him of the faid
4
to the Scottifh-men their trade of Fifhing with- :

Bond in cafe return be made ot a due Certi-

* in their Loches, Forthes and Bayes, within :

ficate to the Cuftom where the Goods were

' land, and in the Seas within fourteen miles :

laden, from any part within England or Scot-

' of the Coafls of the Realm of Scotland, where :
land The Certificate to be fubferibed and
:

* neither Englifhmen nor any Strangers have ufed :

fealed by the Officers of the Cufto/ns of the
* to fifh ; and fo reciprocally in the point :
part where the faid Goods (hall arrive, and be
4
of Fifhing on the behalf of England. All ' unladen or it there be no fuch Officers
;

* which exceptions and reftrictions are not to there, by the chief Magiftrate and Town-
4

4
be underftood or mention'd in any fort for a 4
Clerk of that Harbour or Town, under their
* mark or note of feparation or dilunion, but 4
Hand and Seal.
* only as matters of policy and cpnveniency for 4
It is further agreed touching the indifferent indifferency
o
Order 1
.

tor
'
the feveral eftate of each Country.
„ , . .
/ -
4
freighting of Commodities either in ^^i^ofFraightjng,
Cuilom furthermore it is agreed that a 1 foreign 4
or Scottifb Bottoms, that Englifhmen andScot-
tifhmen
1 1
19 The UNION
tifhmen and lade their goods each
fcraight
in others Shipsand Borrows indifferently,
paying only Englijb and Scottish cuftom, not-
withstanding any contrary laws or prohibiti-
ons. And that a Proportion be made to the
Parliament of England for eftabliihing fome
good orders for upholding and maintaining
the great Fiftling of England ; as likewife that
a Proportion be made to the Parliament of
more
Scotland for the making of their Shipping
proportionable in burthen to the (hipping of
England, the better to ferve for equality of
trade, and a common defence for the whole
IQe.
(
And becaufe it is requisite that the mutual
poftnat't de-
clar'd free. communication aforefaid be not only extended
to matter of Commerce, but to all other be-
nefits and privileges of natural born fubjefts;
It is agreed that an Aft be proponed to be
palled in manner following : That
iubjeets of both Realms born fince the deceafe
of the late Queen, and that (hall be born
hereafter under the obedience of his Majefty
and of his Royal Progeny, are by the com-
mon Laws of both Realms and Shall be for
ever enabled to obtain, Succeed, inherit and
pollefs all goods, lands and chattels, honours,
dignities, offices, liberties, privileges and
benefices Ecclefiaftical or Civil, in Parliament
and all other places of the Kingdoms, and
every one of the Tame, in all refpefts _and
Without any exception whatfoever, as fully
and amply as the fubjefts of either Realm
refpecfively might have done, or may do in
any fort within the Kingdom where they are
born.
' Farther, whereas his Majefty out of his
Exception for judgment and providence hath not only
great
Offices of the
profeiled in publick and private fpeech to the
Crown.
Nobility and Council of both, but hath alfo
vouchsafed to be contented that, for a more
all his lovin^
full fatisfaftion and comfort of
it may be comprifed in the faid
fubjefis,
confer
Aft, that his Majefty meaneth not to
any Office of the Crown, any Office of Ju-
Parlia-
dicature, place, Voice, or Office in
ment of either Kingdom upon the fubjefts of
the late
the other, born before the deceafe of
Queen, until time and converfation have en-
creafed and accomplished an Union of the
laid
Kingdoms, as well in the hearts ot all the
of Laws and
people and in the Conformity
Policies in thefe Kingdoms, as in the
ledge and fufliciency of particular men, who
being untimely impioyed in fuch authorities
could no way be able, much lefs acceptable,
belonging to them
to difcharge fuch duties
Commiflio-
It is therefore refolved by us the
our
ners aforefaid, not only in regard of
fpeedy
defires and endeavours to farther the
conclufion of this happy work intended, but
teftimony of our love and thanktul-
alfo as
on whofe fin-
nefs for his gracious promife,
and benignity we build our full afiu-
cerity
even according to the inward fenfe
rance,
and feeling of our own loyal and hearty
atte-
ftions, to obey and pleafe him
in all things
worthy the fubjefts of fo worthy a Sovereign,
Parlia-
that it lhall be delired of both the
ments, to be enafted by their Authority,
that
Realms, born before
all the fubjefts of both
the deceafe of the late Queen, may be
ena-
inhe-
bled and capable to acquire, purchafe,
fucceed, ufe and difpofe of all lands
rit
goods, inheritances, offices, honours, digni-
immunities, benefi-
ties liberties, privileges,
fubjeft
ces 'and preferments whatfoever, each
of 1 120
in either Kingdom, with the fame freedom
and as lawfully and peaceably as the very na-
tural and bom Realm, wh^re
fubjefts ot either
the faid rights, estates or profits are efta-
blifhed, notwithstanding whatfoever Law,
Statute, or former Coniiitutions heretofore in
force to the contrary ; other than to acquire,
lucceed or inherit any Office of the
pofVefs,
Crown, Office ot Judicatory, or any voice,
place or Office in Parliament, all which (hall
remain free from being claimed, held or en-
joyed by the fubjefts of the one Kingdom
within the other, born bctore the deceale of
the late Queen, notwithstanding any words,
fenfe or interception of the Act, or any cir-
cumftance thereupon depending, until there
be fuch a perfect and full accomplishment 'of
the Union as is delired mutually by both the
Realms. In all which points of refervation,
all the either in recital of the words of his Maje-^ e fervat on f
flies facred promife, or in any claufe or fen- of his Majc-
tence before Specified from enabling them to fty's Preroga-
ttve *
any of the aforefaid places or dignities, it
hath been and ever Shall be fo far from the
thoughts of any of us, to prefume to alter
or impair his Majefiies Prerogative Royal
(who conrrariwife do all with comfort and
confidence depend herein upon the gracious
aflurance which his Majefty is pleaftd to
give in the declaration of his fo juft and
Princely care and favour to all his people) as
for a farther laying open of our clear and
dutiful intentions towards his Majefty in this
and in all things elfe which may concern his
Prerogative, we do alfo herein protefs and de-
clare, that we think it fit there be inferted
in the Aft to be proponed and palled, in ex-
prefs terms, a Sufficient refervation of his
Majefties Prerogative Royal to denizate, ena-
ble and prefer to fuch offices, honors, dig-
nities and benefices whatfoever in both the
faid Kingdoms, and either of them, as are
heretofore excepted in the preceding refer-
vation of all Englijb and Scottifl? fubjefts born
before the deceafe of the late Queen, as
freely, fovereignly and abfolutely, as any of
his Majefties moft noble progenitors or pre-
deceilors, Kings of England ot Scotland, might
have done at any time heretofore, and to all
other intents and purpofes in as ample man-
ner as no fuch Aft had ever been thought of
or mentioned.
know- * And forafmuch as the feveral Jurifdic^ions
ReBian aing
and Administrations of either Realm may be f Malefa-
abufed by Malefaftors, by their own impu-ftors.
nity, if they (hall commit any offence in the
one Realm, and afterwards remove their
;
perfons and abode unto the other it is a-
;
greed, that there may be fome fit courfe ad-
vifed of by the wildoms of the Parliaments
for tryal and proceeding againft the perfons
of otfenders remaining mthe one Realm, for
and concerning the crimes and faults com-
mitted in the other Realm And yet never-
;
thelefs that it may be lawful for the Juftice
Realm where the faft is committed, to
of the
remand the offender remaining in the other
Realm to be anfwerable unto Juftice in the
fame Realm where the faft was committed,
and that upon fuch remand made, the offen-
der Shall be accordingly delivered, and all
farther proceeding, if any be, in the other
Realm (hall ceafe, So as it may be done with-
out prejudice to his Majefty or ether Lords
;
in their Efcheats and Forfeitures. With pro-
vision neverthelefs, that this be not thought
neceflary to be made for all criminal offences,
* but
 ,

I [21 England and Scotland. i 122

but in as namely in the
fpecial cafes only ;
The great Importance of this Work, will ap-The impor-
«*•
this ««"* «»
1
cafes of wilful Murther, falfifying of Moneys, pear by the unhappy Condition which
have been reduced to, had this Unioni lemft
and forging of Deeds, Inftruments and Wri- Ifland mull
1
tings, and fuch other like cafes as
upon tar- laft Attempt proved Abortive, as fo many o- Ann* Reginx
be thers had done before. was now about a
ther advice ill the fiid Parliament may
;
It
hundred years, that the two Nations had been
'
thought fit to be added.
united under one and the lame head and how- ;

ever a nearer Union had been always wifhed,

By the tenor Ads made in the Par- as evidently tending to the ftrength and inte-
of the
both Kingdoms, to empower Com- reft of bothKingdoms, yet, as long as that
Eor i of theliaments of
meet and agree, as aforefald, the Union in one and the fame Prince fhould continue,
Articles de- miffinners to
layed. conlideration of the Articles agreed on, was they were fare at leaft to live in peace, and
Par- could be under no apprehenfion of returning to
cxprefsly limited to the next Seffion of each
the their ancient ftate of Hoitiiity. But IViUiam
liament ; and the next in England ( being
Parliament which was deftined to defiruction
Duke of Ghcefter, a youth of incomparable
Parts, who promifed whatever a Nation could
by that hellifh Contrivance of the Gun-powder
wifh or delire, being taken away at 12 years
Plot, and abundantly employed in detecting
pro- of age, and being alfo the only remaining
and profecuting the Traitors, and making
vilion againft any future Attempts
of the Pa- illue of her then Royal Highnefs, and after-
to extend the time wards our gracious Sovereign Queen
Anne ;
pifts ;) did only pafs an Aft
lor conlidering the faid Articles,
to any other there was no apparent hope of an uninterrupted

Seffion of that Parliament.

Accordingly, in Succeffion of Proteftant Princes : and therefore
the next Seffion, which begun the i8
lh
day of the King and the Eftates of the Realm (con-
in the year 1607, the Articles were vinced by the unhappy reign of King James
November
Proteftant Kingdom can
conlideration by the Parliament of the fecond, that this
The Articltstaken into and
not co n(„m-i England, but met with fo
many and great obftru- have no Security of its Laws, Liberties,
to effect upon Religion, under the Government of
a Popifh
by Parlia- ftions, that nothing was brought
Prince,) paffcd an Aft for the Succeffion of
any head, except that one of abolifhing all me-
in the Proteftant Line.
mory of Hoftiiities between the two Nations the Crown of England :

Parliament— to prevent
being made only in the
And this was done, by the repeal of divers ho- Which Act,
of the^« n «^-
ftile Laws which
had been made from time to of England, and neither that nor any
might like nature received or palled in the Parliament tw0 NationSi
time, and the eftabliflling, as much as
Borders, of Scotland ; the Scotch Nation did not uuder-
be, the Peace and Tranquility of the
as ftand themfelvcs ill the le'ail obliged, after the
by a certain method of trying fuch Offences
of the Queen, to acknowledge or regard
fhould be committed by the Englifh in Scot- deceafe
the the Proteftant Succeffor, \vlio was by fuch Aft
land, and by the Scots in England ; in cafe
to the Englifh Crown. The confe-
perfons, alter fuch offences committed, did entitled
All this was quence of which was, that nothing
but the
efcape into their own Kingdom.
provided-for in a feparate Aft, which was to life of her then Ma jefty Queen Anne, flood be-
place, as foon as the like Proviliolls fhould tween Us, and an entire Separation ; or, in
take
be made on the other part, by the Parliament other words,
between Us, and a Return to
that Rapine, Bloodfhed, and Mifery, which
of Scotland.
Kingdoms for fo
The Articles
:i The King was exceedingly grieved, to fee fill the Hiftories of the two
confirmed in himfelf in great meafure difappointed in an many hundred years,
during that former Inde-
the Snub Affair of fuch Confequence, and which he had pendent
Satcb State. Commiffio-
Parliament,
^ f() much tQ heart

the difappointment might

And; to try whether
not
.

be repaired, and Nations

his view of approaching Mliery to
; it pleafed Her
,

ootn ners 3ppoi „.

Majefty, in the firft ted to treat
of an Union,
of her reign, to appoint Commiffioners of
his defign compaffed by beginning in Scotland, he year •*"•
Authority veiled in 1
fummoned a Parliament of that Kingdom to both ( purfuant to the
Statutes made in the refpedive
meet the Auguft following, in the year 1608. her, by two
Parliaments,) to meet and treat of an Union
In this, all the Articles which had been agreed
upon by the Commiffioners, were allowed and between the two
Kingdoms ; who met accor-
but, as I intimated before, without
ratified ; on condition that the Parliament of dingly,
England fhould do the fame, and fhould make effect. From which time, the Dangers and
of a difunited State, Were perpetually
fpecial Declaration, that the Kingdom of Scot- Calamities
land Jbould remain an abfilute and free Monarchy, hanging
over our heads ; till Her Majefty
by both Parliaments as before,
and the fundamental Law receive no Altera- ( empower'd -«"d again,
tion.
and with better profpeti of Succefs, ) did in
*'"
appoint and no-1
— but not in But the Englifh Parliament ( for what rea- the fixth year of her Reign,
Whofe great
and upon what grounds, is not certainly minate Commiffioners anew
:
the Enpijh. fons,
and Temper, having
known) lilently drop'd the Articles, and never Knowledge, Wifdom,
which furmounted difficulties, and, with the ad-
took them into conlideration again. By all
Sanctions, having efta-
means, the two Kingdoms, though under a Suc- dition of Parliamentary
of the fame Monarchs, and ( through blifhed us in an united State for ever \ their
ceffion
Names ought to be honour'd, to all Pofterity,
the intereft of thofe Monarchs in both) pre-
as the chief Inftruments, under our then gra-
ferved in a ftate of Peace, Friendfhip and Cor-
refpondence, did, notwithftanding two fubfe- cious Sovereign, of laying this lading foun-
quent Attempts towards a chfer Union in the dation of the Peace and Profperity of the
An Attempt
of an Union reigns of K. Charles the fecond and Queen Anne, Ifland of
GREAT BRITAIN.
by K.Charles jjjn rerria n feparate and independent in point
j

the 2d,
of Conftitution and Commerce ; till, in the
year 1705. (the 5 of Queen Anne) this migh-
th

ty Work, which had been fo often attempted

in vain, was moft happily accomplifhed ; and Commijjio"
is defervedly reckoned among the moft glori-
ous and moft important Succeffes of Her Ma-
jefty's Reign.
 f

1123 The UNION of 1 124.

Commiffionersfor England. Commiffioners for Scotland.

'Thomas Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury. jffl/Hw Earl of Seafield, Lord Chancellor.
William Cowper, Lord Keeper. James Duke of Qjieensberry.
John Lord Archbifhop of York. John Earl of A&jt.
Sidney Lord Godolphin. Hrtg/j Earl of Loudoun.
Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. John Earl of Sutherland.
John Duke of Newcaftle. James Earl of Morton.
William Duke of Devon/hire. David Earl of Wemyfs.
Charles Duke of Somerfet. David Earl of Leven.
Charles Duke of iJo/ft)». John Earl of ,S>a/r.

Charles Earl of Sunderland. Archibald Earl ot Rofeberie.

Evelin Earl of Kingfton. David Earl of Glafgow.
Charles Earl of Carlifle. Lord Archibald Campbell.
Edward Earl of Orford. Thomas Vifcount Duplin.
Charles Vifcount Townjhend. William Lord Aq/fc.
Thomas Lord Wharton. Sir /&£/; Dalrymple.
Ralph Lard Grey. Adam Cockbum.
5fo/?HLord Poulett. Robert Dundas.
John Lord Sommers. Robert Stewart.
Charles Lord Halifax. Francis Montgomery.
John Smithy Efq; Sir David Dalrymple.
William Marquils of Hanington. Sir Alexander Ogilvie.
John Marquils ot Granby. Sir Patrick Johnflon.
Sir Charles Hedges. Sir James Smollett.
Robert Harley, Efq; George Lochhart.
fle»ry iJoy/e, Efq; Wibtiam Mori/on.
Sir John Holt. Alexander Grant.
Sir Thomas Trevor. William Seton.
Sir Edward Northey. John Clerk.
Sir Simon Harcourt. Hugh Montgomery.
Sir ^fo/ia C°°£- Daniel Steuart.
Stephen Waller. Daniel Campbell.

Commiflio- The Lords Commiffioners of England and ( dred and [even, and for ever after, be Uni- name of
ted into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Great B Ti~
c
tiers meet and Scotland, thus appointed, met at a place called the
fimrtithe Ar- th
(20c ]i -pjtj ne ar Whitehall, Weftminjler, on the 16 'Britain; and that Enfigns Armorial of the' a ' w
April.in the year VJo6 ; and purfu'd faid United Kingdom be fuch as Her Maje-
:

tta'it'fdayof
the Queen, that great and important Work with io much :
fly fhall Appoint, and the Crones of St.
zeal and affiduity, that the Articles of Union George and Sr. Andrew be Conjoyned in fuch
were figned and jealed by the Commiffioners ot
:
manner as Her Majefty fhall think fit, and
d c
both Nations on the 22 day of July follow- ufed in all Flags, Banners, Standards and
on the 23 d of the lame month, one
:

ing ; and Enligns, both at Sea and Land.

Copy or Inflrument thereof, was (according to
the tenor of both Commiffions ) prefented to ARTICLE II.

her Sacred Majefty ; who accepted it, with ex-

preffions of great Thanks for the pains they had * That the Succeffion to the Monarchy ofxheProte-
taken in the Treaty, and with a declaration the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and of ftant Succefc
of her own earneft defire to fee fo great a Se- the Dominions thereunto belonging, after Her*" 1 * t0 be
;
'

curity and Ad-vantage to both Kingdoms, accomplished molt Sacred Ma jelly, and in Detault of Hue of
theAtt made
^^"S^
tt m*- n ' i_j -
tier Majeity, be, remain, and continue to the before in
1

in her Reign.
— and before By of the Commiffions, the Art
the tenor moll: Excellent Princefs Sophia, Electore'fe and England.
the Parlia- cles or" Union, being figned and fealed by the Dutchefs Dowager of Hanover, and the Heirs
ment -
Commiffioners, were in like manner to be laid of Her Body, being Protectants, upon whom
before the Parliaments of both Kingdoms the Crown oi England is fettled by an Aft of
which was accordingly done the winter fol- Parliament made in England in the Twelfth
lowing ; and (the doftrine, worfhip, difcipline :
Year of the Reign of His late Majelly King
and government cf both Churches, as eftabli- William the Third, Intituled, An Acl for the
fhed in the refpective Kingdoms, having been further Limitation of the Crown, and better Se-
firft unalterably fecured by Afts of Pari: curing the Rights and Liberties of the SubjeH :

ment in each, ) the with fome

faid Articles, And that all Papifts, and PerforiS Marrying
Additions and Alterations, were ratified and Papiils, fhall be Excluded from, and for fever
approved in both Parliaments The tenor of : incapable to Enjoy the
Inherit, Poffefs or
which is as follows : Imperial Crown of Great Britain, and the
Dominions thereunto belonging, or any Part
thereof : And in every fuch cafe, the Crown
ARTICLE I. and Government fhall from time to time
defcend to,and be enjoyed by fuch Perfon,
The two
i
That the Two Kingdoms of England and Scot- being a Proteilant, as fhould have Inheri-
Kirtgdoms «
md fhall, upon the Firft Day of May, which
j ted and Enjoyed the fame, in cafe fuch Pa-
united for
ever by the
<
^^ ^e m tne year Q ne tn0 ufand
-

hun- {"even pill, or Perfon Marrying a Papifl, was Na-

1
turallv
 :

112: England and Scotland. 1126

turally Dead, according to the Provifion for
the Defcent or the Crown of England, made
by another Acl of Parliament in England, in
the Firft Year of the Reign of Their late
Majefties King William and Queen Mary, In-
the fame Allowances, Encouragements, and under the
Draw-backs, and be under the fame Prohi-'V" e Re 6 ula -
bitions, Restrictions and Regulations of Trade, y*^" ™
and liable to the fame Cuftoms and Duties
on Import and Export And that the Allow-
:

tituled, An A'cl declaring the Rights and Li- ances, Encouragements, and Draw-backs, Pro-
berties of the SubjeB, and Settling the Succejjhn hibitions, Relhictions, and Regulations of
of the Crown. Trade, and the Cuftoms and Duties on Im-
port and Export fettled in England, when the
ARTICLE III. Union Commences, lhall, from and after the
Union, take place throughout tile whole-
1
One Parlia- That
the United Kingdom of Great Bri- United Kingdom Excepting and RefervingfSome Ex.
;
ment. 1
be Reprefented by one and the fame the Duties upon Export and Import, of fuch "pHora, and
:

tain,
;

1
Parliament, to be Stiled, The Parliament of
Great Britain.
particular Commodities,
Perions, the Subjects ot either
from which any
Kingdom, are
S ,

fpecially Liberatedand Exempted by their

ARTICLE IV. Private Rights, which after the Union, are
to remain and Entire to them in all
Safe
Intercourfe of
(
That all the Subjects of the United King- Rcfpefls, as before the fame. And that from
Trade and 1

dom ot Great Britain fllall, from and atter and atter the Union, no Scots Cattle carrie'd
Navigation. into England, lhall be liable to any other
the Union, have lull Freedom and Intercourfe
•

of Trade and Navigation to and from any Duties, either on the Publick or Private Ac-
Port or Flace within the faid United King- compts, than thofe Duties to which the Cat-
dom, and the Dominions and Plantations tle ot England are, or (hall be liable within

thereunto belonging ; And that there be a the faid Kingdom. And feeing by the Laws
Communication ot all other Rights, Privi- of England, there are Rewards granted upon
leges ai.d Advantages, which do or may the Exportation of certain kinds of Grain,
belong to the Subjects of either Kingdom ;
wherein Oats Grinded or Ungrinded, are not
except where it is otherwife cxpreisly Agreed Exprelled ; tlvat from and after the U.ion,
in thefe Articles. when Oats Anil be fold at Fifteen Shillings
Sterling per Quarter, or under, there lhall
be paid Two
ARTICLE V.
Shillings
ling for every Quarter of the
and Six Pence Ster-
Oat-meal Ex-
ported, in the Terms of the Law, whereby
Ships of Scot- ' That
Ships or Velfels belonging to Her
all
and fo long as
land to he 1
Rewards are granted for Ex-
Majelties Subjects of Scotland, at the time of
deem'd Ships, portation of other Grains, and that the Bear
of Great Bri-
Ratifying the Treaty of Union of the Two
of Scotland have the fame Rewards as Barley
tain. Kingdoms in the Parliament of Scotland, And in refpeft the Importations of Victual
though Foreign Built, be deemed, and pafs
into Scotland, from any Place beyond Sea,
as Ships of the Built of Great Britain ; the
would prove a Difcouragement to Tillage,
Owner, or where there are more Owners, therefore that the Prohibition as now in Force
one or more ot the Owners, within Twelve
by the Law of Scotland, againft Importation
Months alter the Firft of May next, making of Viduals from Ireland, or any other Place
Oath, that at the time of Ratifying the
beyond Sea into Scotland, do, after the Uni-
Treaty of Union in the Parliament of Scot-
land,the fame did, in whole or in part, be-
on, remain m
the fame Force as now it is,
until more proper and effectual Ways be pro-
long to him or
them, or to fome other vided by the Parliament of Great Britain, for
Subject or Subjeefs of Scotland, to be par-
Difcouraging the Importation of the faid
ticularly Named, with the Place of their re-
Victuals from beyond Sea.
fpective Abodes ; And that the fame doth
then, at the time of the faid Deposition,
wholly belong to him or them ; And that no ARTICLE VII.
Foreigner, Directly or Indirectly, hath any
Share, Part or Intereif therein ; which Oath ' That all Parts of the United Kingdom be Excites of U-
{hall be made before the Chief Officer or for ever, from and after the Union, liable to I 110 ". ths
Officers ot the Cuftoms, in the Port next to the fame Excifes upon all Excifeable Liquors, ftme-
the Abode of the faid Owner or Owners Excepting only that the Thirty four Gallons,
And the faid Officer or Officers fhall be Im- Englifi Barrel of Beer or Ale, amounting to
powercd to Adminifter the faid Oath ; and Twelve Gallons Scots prefent Meafure, fold
the Oath being fo Adminifter'd (hall be At- in Scotland by the Btewer at Nine Shillings
tefted by the Officer or Officers, who Ad- Six Pence Sterling, excluding all Duties, and
minifter'd the fame ; And being Regifter'd Retailed, including Duties and the Retailers
by the faid Officer or Officers, lhall be de- Profit at Two Pence the Sots Pint, or Eighth
livered to the Mafter of the Ship for Security part of the Scots Gallon, be not after the U-
of her Navigation And a Duplicate thereof
j nion liable, on accompt of the prefent Excife
fhall be tranimitted by the faid Officer or upon Excifeable Liquors in England, to any
Officers, to the Chief Officer or Officers of higher Impofition than Two Shillings Ster-
the Cuftoms in the Port of Edinburgh, to be ling upon the forefaid Thirty four Gallons,
'
there enter'd in a Regifter, and from thence to Englifi Barrel, being Twelve Gallons the
be fent to the Port of London, to be there en prefent Scots Meafure And that the Excife
:

ter'd in the General Regifter of all Tradin fettled in England,on all other Liquors, w hen r

1
Ships belonging to Great Britain. the Union Commences, take place through-
out the whole United Kingdom.
ARTICLE VI.

Both King- That all Parts of the United Kingdom for

doms dial] be (
'

ever, from and after the Union, lhall have

ARTICLE
1 127 7Tb* V NION
ARTICLE VIII.
c
That from and after the Union, all Foreign
Salt which fhall be Imported into Scotland,
fhall be Charged at the Importation there,
Duties upon with the fame Duties as the like Salt is now
Salt.
charged with, being Imported into England,
and to be Levied and Secured in the fame
manner But in regard the Duties of great
:
Quantities of Foreign Salt Imported may be
very heavy upon the Merchants Importers,
that therefore all Foreign Salt Imported into
Scotland, fhall be Cellar 'd and Locked up un-
der the Cultody of the Merchants Impor-
ters, and the Officers employed for Levying
the Duties upon Salt, and that the Merchant
may have what Quantity thereot his Occafi-
on may require, not under a Wey or Forty
Bufhels at a time, giving Security for the
Duty of what Quantity he receives, payable
in Six Months. But Scotland fhall, for the
fpace of Seven from the faid Union,
Years
be Exempted from Paying in Scotland, for Salt
made there, the Duty or Excife now payable
for Salt made in England but from the Ex-
;
piration of the faid Seven Years, fhall be
iubjeftand liable to the fame Duties for Salt
made in Scotland, as fhall be then payable for
Salt made in England, to be Levied and Se-
cured in the fame manner, and with propor-
tionable Draw-backs and Allowances as in
England, with this Exception, That Scotland
fhall, after the faid Seven Years, remain Ex-
empted trom the Duty of Two Shillings
Four Pence a Bufhel on Home-Salt, impo-
fed by an Aft made in England, in the Ninth
and Tenth of King William the Third of
England ; And if the Parliament of Great Bri-
tain fhall, at or before the Expiring of the
faid feven Years, fubflitute any other Fund
in Place of the faid Two Shillings Four Pence
of Excife on the Bufhel of Home-Salt, Scot-
land fhall, after the faid feven Years, bear a
Proportion of the faid Fund, and have an
Equivalent in the Terms of this Treaty ;
And that during the faid feven Years, there
fhall be paid in England for all Salt made in
Scotland, and Imported trom thence into Eng-
land, the fame Duties upon the Importation,
as fhall be payable for Salt made in England,
to be Levied and Secured in the fame manner
as the Duties on Foreign Salt are to be Le-
vied and Secured in England And that after
.-
the faid feven Years, as long as the faid
Duty of Two Shillings Four Pence a Bufhel
upon Salt is continued in England, the faid
Two Shillings and Four Pence a Bufhel fhall
be payable for all Salt made in Scotland, and
Imported into England, to be Levied and Se-
cured in the fame manner ; and that during
the Continuance of the Duty of Two Shil-
lings Four Pence a Bufhel upon Salt made
in England, no Salt whatfbever be brought
from Scotland to England by Land in any man-
ner, under the Penalty of Forfeiting the
Salt, and the Cattle and Carriages made ufe
of in bringing the fame, and paying Twenty
Shillings for every Bufhel of fuch Salt, and
proportionally for a greater or leffer Quan-
tity, for which the Carrier as well as the
Owner fhall be liable, joyntly and feverally,
and the Perfons bringing or carrying the
fame to be Imprifoned by any one Juftice of
the Peace, by the fpace of fix Months with-
out Bail, and until the^ Penalty be paid.
of 1128
And tor Eftablifhingan Equality in Trade,
that
land,
Flefh Exported from Scotland to Eng-
all
and put on Board in Scotland, to be Ex-
ported to Parts beyond the Seas, and Pro-
visions tor Ships in Scotland, and for Foreign
Voyages, may be faked with Scots Salt, pay-
ing the fame Duty for what Salt is fo em-
ployed as the like Quantity of fuch Salt pays
in England, and under the fame Penalties,
Forfeitures and Proviiions for preventing of
Frauds, as are mentioned in the Laws of
And that from and after the Uni-
the Laws and Acts of Parliament in Scot-
land for Pining, Curing and Packing of
Herrings, White Fiih and Salmon tor Expor-
tation with Foreign Salt only, without any
mixture of Britifb or Irijh Salt, and for pre-
venting of Frauds in Curing and Packing of
Fifh, be continued in Force in Scotland, fub-
ject tofuch Alterations as fhall be made by
the Parliament of Great Britain : And that
all Fifh Exported from Scotland to Parts be-
yond the Seas, which fhall be Cured with
Foreign Salt only, and without mixture of
Britifb or Irifb Salt, fhall have the fame
Eafes, Premiums, and Draw-backs, as are
or (hall be allowed to fuch Perfons as Export
the like Fifh from England And that for ',
Encouragement of the Herring-Fifhing, there
fhall be Allowed and Paid to the Subjefts,
Inhabitants of Great Britain, during the pre-
fent Allowances for other Fifh, Ten Shil-
lings Five Pence Sterling for every Barrel of
White Herrings which fhall be Exported from
Scotland; and that there fhall be allowed Five
Shillings Sterling tor every Barrel of Beef or
Pork falted with Foreign Salt, without mix-
ture of Britifb or Irifh Salt, and Exported for
Sale trom Scotland to Parts beyond Sea, al-
terable by the Parliament of Great Britain :
And if any Matters of Fraud relating to the
faid Duties on Salt fhall hereafter appear,
which are not fufficiently provided againft by
this Article, the fame fhall be fubjeft to fuch
further Provifions as fhall be thought n't by
the Parliament of Great Britain.
ARTICLE IX.
(
That whenever the Sum of One Million Proportion
nine hundred ninety feven thoufand feven ?f P ubllclt
hundred and fixty three Pounds, Eight Shil-
'
lings, and Four Pence half-penny, fhall be
Enacted by the Parliament of Great Britain
to be Raifed in that part of the United
Kingdom now called England, on Land and
other Things ufually Charged in Ads of Par-
liament there, for Granting an Aid to the
Crown by a Land-Tax ; That part of the
United Kingdom now called Scotland fhall be
Charged by the fame Aft, with a further
Sum of Forty eight thoufand Pounds, free of
all Charges, as the Quota of Scotland to fuch
Tax, and fo proportionably tor any greater
or leffer Sum raifed in England by any Tax
on Land, and other Things ufually Charged
together with the Land ; And that Cuch Qito-
ta for Scotland, in the cafes aforefaid, be Raifed
and Collected in the fame manner as the Cefs
now is in Scotland; but fubjeft to fuch Regu-
lations in the manner of Collecting, as fhall
be made by the Parliament ot Great Britain.
ARTICLE
 S

1 129 England and Scotland. 1130

part ot" the United Kingdom, but that the
Ccniideration ot any Exemptions beyond what
ARTICLE X. are already agreed on in this Treaty, (hall
be left to the Determination of the Parliv*

Duties upon ' That during the Continuance of the re,

mem ot Great Britain.

—Stamp'd < fpective Dutieson Stampt Paper, Vellum ana

I'apcr.
Parchment, by the feveral Afts now in Fora
.

'
in England, Scotland fhall not be Chargec
ARTICLE XV.
'
with the fame refpective Duties.
c
That whereas by the Terms of
this Trea- Equivalent to

ARTICLE XL ty, the Subjects ot Scotland, for preferring anScoiiand, tor

Equality of Trade throughout the United """Jj3 "^"
""
Kingdom, will be liable to feveral Cufloms ^a^by
'
That during the Continuance of the Du-
and Excifes now payable in England, which ^/a*^ t,e-
-Windows. '
ties payable in England on Windows and
will be applicable towards payment of the fore the Uni-
'
Lights, which determine on the Firft Da)
Debts in England contracted before the Uni- on:
'
of Auguft, One thoufand feven hundred and
on; It is agreed, That Scotland fhall have an
'
ten, Scotland fhall not be Charged with the
Equivalent for what the Subjects thereof (hall
'
fame Duties.
be fo charged towards payment of the faid
Debts of England, in all particulars what-
ARTICLE XII. soever, in manner following, tre.. That be before
Uruon
the
fore the Union of the faid Kingdoms, the
-

-Coals. ' That during the Continuance of the Du- Sum of Three hundred ninety eight thoufand.
and eighty five Pounds, ten Shillings, bo
*
ties payable in England on Coals, Culm and
' Cynders, which determine the Thirtieth Day
Granted to Her Majeily by the Parliament
of England, for the Ufes after-mentioned,
(
of September, One thoufand feven hundred and
being the Equivalent to be anlwered to Scot-
'
ten, Scotland (hall not be Charged therewith
land, for fuch parts of the faid Cufloms and
<
for Coals, Culm and Cynders confumed there
Excifes upon all Excifeablc Liquors, with
'
but lhall be Charged with the fame Duties
Culm and Cyn- which that Kingdom is to be Charged upon
'
as in England for all Coals,
the Union, as will be applicable to the pay-
(
ders not confumed in Scotland.
ment of the faid Debts of England, accor-
ding to the Proportions which the prefent
ARTICLE XIII. Cultoms in Scotland, being Thirty thoufand
Pounds per Annum, do bear to the Cufloms
in England, computed at One million three
Malti
' That during the Continuance of the Duty
'
' payable in England, upon Malt, which deter-
hundred forty one thoufand five hundred and
fifty nine Pounds per Annum ; And which the
' mines the Twenty Fourth Day of June, One
prefent Excifes on excifeable Liquors in Scot~
< thoufand ,feven hundred and feven, Scotland
land, being Thirty three thoufand and five
' fhall not be Charged with that Duty.
hundred Pounds per Annum, do bear to the
:

Excifes on excifeable Liquors in England, com-

ARTICLE XIV.
:

puted at Nine hundred forty feven thoufand

and two Pounds per Annum
fix hundred
:

.-

Which Sum of Three hundred ninety eight

'
That the Kingdom of Scotland be nor
:
thoufand eighty five Pounds ten Shillings,
Scotland not
Charged with any other Duties laid on by (hall be due and payable from the time of
to be charged
with Duties the Parliament or England before the Union,
;

the Union. And in that after the— after the

regard
already laid
except thefe Confented to in this Treaty ;
:

Union, Scotland becoming liable to the fameUnio"'

by the Parlia. Cufloms and Duties payable on Import and
menc of Eng- in regard it is agreed, That all neceffary
land. Proviiion lhall be made by the Parliament ot
:

Export, and to the fame Excifes on all ex-

Liquors as in England, as well upon
Scotland, for the Publick Charge and Servio cifeable
:

of that Kingdom, for the Year One thoufand

;

that Accompt, as upon the Accompt of

{even hundred and feven. Provided never- :
the encreafe ot Trade and People (which will
thelefs, That if the Parliament ot England
:
be the happy conf-quence of the Union) the
(hall think fit to lay any further Impohtions
;
faid Revenues will much Improve beyond.

by way of Cufloms, or fuch Excites, with

:
the before-mentioned Annual Values thereof,
which, by virtue of this Treaty, Scotland is
c
of which no prefent Efiimate can be made ;
to be Charged equally with England, in fuch
'
Yet nevertheless, for the Reafons aforefaid,
cafe Scotland (hall be liable to the fame Cu-
c
there ought to be a proportionable equiva-

floms and Excifes, and have an Equivalent

c
lent anfwered to Scotland It is agreed, That
;

1
after the Union there (hall be an Accompt
to be fettled by the Parliament of Great Bri-
tain : With this further Proviiion, That any
c
kept ot the faid Duties arifing in Scotland, to
Malt to be made and confumed in that part
'
the end it may appear, what ought to be

of the United Kingdom now called Scotland,

c
Anfwered to Scotland,^ an Equivalent for fuch

fhall not be Charged with any Impolition on

c
proportion of the faid Encreafe, as (hall be
Malt, during this prefent War. And feeing
' applicable to the payment of the Debts of

it cannot be fuppofed that the Parliament of

'
England. And tor the further and more efte-*
c
Anfwering theJeveral Ends hereafter-
;

Great Britain will ever lay any fort of Bur- du:.l

mentioned, It is Agreed, That from and af-
thens upon the United Kingdom, but what
'

they fhall find of neceffity at that time for

(
ter theUnion, the whole encreafe of the Re-
the Prefervation and Good of the Whole, and
'
venues of Cufloms, and Duties on Import
;

with due regard to the Circumflances and

'
and Export, and Excifes upon excisable Li-
;

Abilities of every part of the United King-

(
quors in Scotland, over and above the Annual
dom ; therefore it is Agreed, That there be
(
Produce of the faid refpective Duties, as a-
;

no further Exemption infilled upon for any

c
bove-flated, fhall go and be applied, for the
7 D Term
 ;

II2I The UNION of n 32

Term ot Seven Years, co the Ufes hereafter
mentioned
ling be paid at Mammas next, and io year-
; and that, upon the Clid Accompt ly at Martinmas,
during the fpace aforefaid
theue fhall be. Anfwered to Scotland Annually and afterwards the fame /hall be wholly ap-
from the end or Seven Years after the Union, plied towards the encouraging
and promo-
an equivalent in proportion to fuch part ot ting the Filhiries, and luc'h
other Manufa-
the laid eftcreafe, as fhall be applicable to the flares and Improvements in Scotland, as may
Debts or" England; And generally, That ^

moft conduce to the general good of the

equivalent fhall be anfwered to Scotland for (
' United Kingdom. And it is Agreed, ThatCommiffio.
fuch parts of the Englijb Debts, as Scotland Her Majefty be Impovered to appoint Com- ners '°r d <<-
may become liable to pay by reafori
hereafter ' miffioners, who fhall be accomptable Ql ng of lhe '

to the E ,
of the Union, other than fuch for which • Parliament of Great Britain, tor Diffofing ,l"
Appropriations have been made by Parliament ' the faid Sum of Three hundred
ninety eight
in England, of the Cuftoms, or other Du- • thoufand and eighty five Pounds
ties on Export and Import, Excifes on all ex-|
Ten Shil-
lings, and all other Monies
which fhall arife
cifeable Liquors, in refpect of which Debts, (
' to Scotland, upon the Agreements aforefaid,
Equivalents are herein before provided. And to the Purpofes before mentioned
as tor the Ufes to which the faid Sum of
: Which
Application '
Commiffioners fhall be Impowered to call
ofthe Equi- Three hundred ninety eight thoufand eighty for, receive and difpofe of the faid Monies,
;

valent. five Pounds Ten Shillings, to be Granted, as in manner aforefaid,

c
'

and to Infpect the Books

aforefaid, and all other Monies which- are; of the feveral Collectors of the faid
Revenues,
(
to be Anfwered or Allowed to Scotland, as and of other Duties, from whence an E-
all
* aforefaid, are to be Applied, It is Agreed; quivalent may arife And that the Collectors
:
' That in the firl): place, out of the aforefaid and Managers of the faid Revenues and
c
Sum, what Confideration fhall be found ne- Du-
ties be obliged to give to the
e faid Commiffio-
ceflary to be any Loffes which pri-
had for ners fubferibed
c
Authentick Abbreviates of
vate Perfnns may by Reducing the
fuftain the Produce of fuch Revenues and Duties
c
Coin of Scotland to the Standard and Value arifing in their refpective
'
ef the Coin of England-, may be made good
Diftrifis : And
; that'the faid Commiffioners fhall
have their
'
in the next pkcej That the Capital Stock, or Office within the Limits of Scotland,
of the African and Indian Company ot
and
i
Fund fhall in fuchOffice keep Books containing
' Scotland, advanced together with Intereft for Accompts of the Amount of the Equiva-
'
the faid Capital Stock, after the rate of Five lents, and how the fame fhall have been
t
per Centum per Annum, from the refpective dlfpofed of from time to time, wKtth
c
Times ofthe payment thereof, fhall be paid :'
may
be infpefled by any ofthe Subjefls
* Upon payment of which Capital Stock and who fhall
defire the fame.
'- Intereft, It Agreed, the faid Company bi
is
' diilolv'd and and alfo, that from thi
ceafe,
*

*
time of pailing the Aft of Parliament h
England, for railing the faidSum of Three hun-
ARTICLE XVI.
(
dred ninety eight thoufand eighty five Pounds
1
Ten Shillings, the (aid Company fhall nei-
'That from and after the Union, the Coin Coin of
the
lhall be ot the fame Standard and Value <*""< Value
* ther Trade, nor Licence to Trade
grant
c
- Providing, That
if the faid Stock and Inte-
throughout the United Kingdom, as now ? nt Standa "1 !

1
reft fhall not be paid in Twelve Months af-
m England, and a Mint fhall be
continued l^ h Km ?-
c
ter the Commencement of the Union, Thai
m Scotland, under the fame Rules as the
(
then the faid Company may from thencefor-
Mint in England, and the prefent Officers
of
'
ward Trade, or give Licence to Trade, un-
the Mint continued, fubjeft to fuch Regu-
lations and Alterations as Her
' til the faid whole Capital Stock and Inte- Majefty, Her
Heirs or Succeffors, or the
*
reft fhall be paid. And as to the Overplus Parliament of
Great Britain fhall think tit.
1
of the faid Sum of Three hundred ninety
' eight thoufand eighty five Pounds Ten Shil-
lings, after payment ot what Confideration
1

*
fhall be had tor Lofles in repairing the Coin, ARTICLE XVII.
*
and Paying the faid Capital Stock and Inte-
• That from and after
4
reft, and alfo the whole encreafe of the faid the Union, the fame Wrights
,„a
'
Revenues of Cufloms, Duties and Excifes, Weights and Meafures fhall be ufed
through- Meafures to
1

;
above the prefent Value which fhall arife in
Scotland, during the faid Term of Seven Years,
together with the Equivalent which fhall be-
out the United Kingdom, as are
blifhed in England,
and Meafures fhall
* th« <"» in
now
and Standards of Weights
be kept by thofe Bwghs
d°*
efta
^
:

come due upon the Improvement thereof in in San/and, to whom the

keeping the Stan-
Scotland after the faid Term And ; alfo, as to dards ot Weights and Meafures,
now in ufe
all which, according to the A-
other Sums, there does of fpecial Right belong
All :

greements aforefaid, may become payable to which Standards fhall be lent down
to fuch
Scotland by way of Equivalent, for what that refpediye Burghs, from the
Standards kept
Kingdom become liable towards
fhall hereafter in the Exchequer at
If-i/lmmfier, fubjeft ne-
Payment of the Debts ot England ; It is verthelefs fuch Regulations as
to
the Par-
Agreed, That the fame be applied in manner liament of Great Britain Shell think
fit
following, via. That all the Publick Debts
of the Kingdom of Scotland, as fhall be ad-
Jutted by this prefent Parliament, lhall be ARTICLE XVIII.
paid : And that Two
thoufand Pounds per
Annum, for the fpace of Seven Years, fhall ' That the Laws concerning Regulation
of Laws of
be applied towards encouraging and promo- Trade, Cuftoms, and fuch Excifes to
which Trade *• to ,

ting the Manufacture of Coarfe Wooll with-

be ^ ?' "T
Scotlandis, by Virtue of this Treaty to (
in thofe Shires which produce the Wooll
and that the firft Two thoufand Pounds Ster-
liable, be the fame in Scotland,
ter the Union, as in England
from and af-asif
And that ;
all
S. ,

other
 *m Engl and and Scotla N D. n 34-
— all o- ' other Laws
but in ufe within tb Kingdom of e ' efem d t0 the refpective
'

Proprietors as
ther Laws qU SiQtlaad, do after the -Union, and nocwkh- , t,
Rights ofProperty, iubject neverthelefs,
a" as
o thereof,' remain in the farm Force a:
l„ ' itanding the maimer ot exetciiuig fuch
to
*
remain as be. .
Heretable
fore<
(
before (except luch as are contrary to, orjn- ' Rights, to luch Regulations and
Alterations,
' coniiltent with this Treaty) but alterable by ' as fhall be thought proper to be
made by the
' the Parliament or Great Britain, with .this • Parliament ot Great Britain; and
that all All other
Difference .betwixt the Laws concerning Pub- orner Courts now ill being within
the KitlB- c """ ts '"
'

' lick Right, Policy, and Civil Government, dom of Scotland do remain, but fubject zo A\- Scotlar"i ' t0
' and thefe which concern private Right, that ' terationsby the Parliament of Great ''

Britain"'"*"'
* the Laws which concern .publick Right, Po- ' and that all -interior Courts within the
faid
' licy, and Civil Government, may be mad ' Limits do remain iubo'rdinate, as they
are
'
the fame throughout the whole United King- now, to the fupreme Courts of Juftice with-
(
dom ; But that no Alteration be made ii in the fame, in all time coming; and
that no— and no
(
Laws which concern private Right, except Caufes m
Scotland be cognofcible by the
Courts Caures ">ScoU
* for evident Utility of the Subjects within of Oumttj, Queens-Bench, Common-Pleas,
or'Z^Sjf,
' Scotland. any other Court m
m/lm.nfir-tttll and that thl c„„ r l of
;

the laid Courts, or any other of the

like m-^'flminffer-
ARTICLE XIX. ture, after the Union, lhall have no
power to 6"" in E "i-
cognofce, review, or alter the Acts or
Sen-**"*'
CourtoF Sef-
* That the Court cf Seffion, or College ot tences ot the Judicatures within Scotland,
or
fiontoconti- i Juftice, do Union, and notwith-
after the flop the Execution of the fame; and
that
nue > Handing remain in all time coming
thereof,
'
there be a Court of Exchequer in Scotland
after \ Court of
* within it is now conftkured
Scotland, as by the Union, lor deciding Queftions concerning Exchequer to
c
the Laws Kingdom, and with the
ol that the Revenues of Cuftoms and Excifes there be <"*ft«l '»
*
fame Authority and Privileges as before the having the (lime Power and Authority in 5''"'""'
;

'
fuch'
Union, fubject nevertheleis to fuch Regula- cafes, as the Court of Exchequer
has in Ens-
4
tions for the better Admini Juration of Jultice, land ; and that the faid Court of Exchequer
(
as (hall be made by the Parliament ot Great in Scotland have power of palling Signatures,
r-and Rules
1
Britain; And
that hereafter none {full be Gifts, Tutorics, and in other things, as
the
concerning it, ;

named by Her JVLjVfty, or Her Royal Suc- Court of Exchequer at prefent in Scotland
ceifors, to be Ordinary Lords of Seffion, but hath ; and that the Court of Exchequer
that
fuch who
have ferved in the Coil, ge of Ju- now is in Scotland do remain,
until a new
ftice as Advocates, or Principal Clerks of Court of Exchequer be fettled by the Parlia-
Seffion for the fpace of Five years ; or as ment of Great Britain in Scotland after the
Writers to the Signet for the fpace of Ten Union^ And that after the Union, the-and Privy
years ; with this Provifion, that no Writer to CJtteens Majefty, and her Royal Succeflbrs, Council to
the Signet be capable to be admitted a Lord may continue a Privy Council in Scotland, f r contin » c . if
of the Sefllon, unkfs he undergo a Private and preferring of Publick Peace and Order,
until 'I* r^""
Publick Trial on the Civil Law, before the the Parliament of Great Britain fhall think °'
fit
Faculty of Advocates, and be found by them to alter it, or Eftablilh any other effeftual
qualified for the faid Office, two years before method for that end.
he be named to be a Lord of the Seffion ; yet
fo as the Qualifications made, or to be made,
for capacitating perfons to be named Ordi- ARTICLE XX.
nary Lords ol Seffion, may be altered by
the Parliament of Great Britain. And that ' That all Heretable Offices, Superiorities, Provifo, for
Court of Ju- the Court of Jufliciary do alfo after the U- Heretable Junfuicctions, Offices for
Life, a nd HereIabk
fliciary to nion, and notwkhltanding thereof, remain in Jurifdictions for Life, be referred to' the 0ffic " -
continue.
all time coming within Scotland, as it is now Owners thereof, as Rights of Property, in
conftituted by the Laws of that Kingdom, the fame manner as they are now
enjoyed' by
and with the fame authority and Privileges the Laws of Scotland, notwithfhiiding
this
as before the Union, fubjedt neverthelefs to Treaty.
fuch Regulations as lhall be made by the Par-
liament of Great Britain, and without preju- ARTICLE XXI.
dice of other Rights ot Jufliciary; and that
all Admiralty Jurifdiftions be under the Lord « That the Rights and Privileges of the Provifo, for
High-Admiral, or Commiffioners for the Ad- Royal Burghs in Scotland, as they now are <h= Right! of
miralty of Great Britain for the time being ; and do remain entire after the Union, and not ' RoyalBurglis.
Court of Ad that the Court of Admiralty now Eftablifhed withflanding thereof.
miralty to in Scotland be continued, and that all Reviews,
continue.
Reductions, or Sufpenfions of the Sentences
in Maritime Cafes, competent to the Jurif- ARTICLE XXII.
diction of that Court, remain in the fame
manner after the Union, as now in Scotland, • That by virtue of this Treaty, of the StateenPeers,
until the Parliament of Great Britain fhall reers ot Scotland, at the time
of the Union, a "d forty five
make fuch Regulations and Alterations, a; fixteen fhall be the Number
to Sit and Vrote' Coramo °':rs '
fhall be judged expedient for the whole Uni- in theHoufe of Lords, and
Forty five their*""?*''
ted Kingdom, fo as there be always conti-
nued in Scotland a Court of Admiralty, fuch
Numbe. of the Reparatives
in the
K*S£££?.f
Houle ot Commons of the Parliament G '"" s "-
as in for Determination of all
England, of Great Britain and that when Her Ma- ""'""
;

Maritime Cafes relating to private Rights in jefty, Her Heirs or Succeflbrs, ihall declare
Scotland,competent to the Jurifdiction of the Her or Their Pleafure for holding the
firft
Admiralty-Court, fubject neverthelefs to fuch or any fubfequent Parliament of
Great Bri-
Provifo, for Regulations and Alterations, as fhall be thought tain, until the Parliament of
Great Britain
all Heretablt proper to be made by the Parliament of Great fhall make further Provifion
therein a Writ
Rights ol Ad Britain And that the Heretable Rights ol
; do .flue under the Great Seal
of the United Manner of
miralty and
Admiralty and Vice-Admiralties in Scotland Kingdom, directed to the Privy Council of Hefting
Vice-Admi-
ralty. Scotland,^™-'
 1

1
35 The U N 10 N of i 12,6
Scotland, commanding them to caiife lateen England in the thirtieth year ot the Reign of
Peers, who are to fit in the Houfe of Lords, King Clmrles the fecond, intituled, An Acl for
to be fummoned to Parliament, and forty five the more ejfeilual preferring the King's Perfan and
Members to be elected to (it in the Houfe or Government, by disabling Papifis from fitting in
Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain, either Houfe of Parliament ; and fhall take and

according to the Agreement in this Treaty, fubferibe the Oath mentioned in an Act of
in fuch manner as by an Act of this prefent Parliament made in England, in the firfl year
Seffion of the Parliament of Scotland is or fhall of Her M:jtfty's Reign, intituled, An Acl to
be fettled ; which Act is hereby declared to be declare the Alterations in the Oath appointed to be

as Valid as if it were a part of, and taken by the All, intituled, An Ati for the fur-
grofled in this Treaty. And that the Names ther Security oj His Alajeflfs,Perfon, and the Jul-
of the Perfons fo fummoned. and elected flirtll cefpon of the Crown in the Proteftant Line, and for
be returned by the Privy Council of Scotland extinguishing the hopes of the Pretended Prince of

into the Court from whence the faid Writ did Wales, and all other Pretenders, and their open
ifiue. And that if Her Majefty, on or be- and fecret Abettors, and for declaring the Affo-
fore the Firfl: Day of May next, on which ciation to be determined; at fuch time and in

Day the Union is to take place, fhall declare
under the Great Seal of England, That it is
expedient that the Lords ot Parliament of
England, and Commons of the prefent Pa
liament or. England, fhould be the Members
of the refpective Houfes of the firfl Parlia-
ment ot Great Britain, for and on the part
of England ; then the laid Lords of Parlia-
fuch manner as the Members of both
Houfes of Parliament of England are, by the
faid refpective Acts directed to take, make,
and fubtcribe the fame, upon the Penalties
and Difabilitics in the faid refpective Acts
contained. And it is declared and agreed,
That thefe words, 'This Realm, The Crown of
this Realm, and The Queen of this Realm, men-

ment ot England, and Commons of the pre-
fent Parliament ot England, {fall be the Mem-
bers oi the refpective Houfes of the firfl Par-
liament ot Great Britain, for and on the part
ot England: And Her Majefty may, by Her
Royal Proclamation, under the Great Seal of
Great Britain, appoint the faid firfl: Parlia-
ment of Great Britain to meet at fuc'i Time
and Place as Her Majefty fhall think fit
tioned in the Oaths and Declaration con-
tained in the aforefaid Acts, which were in-
tended to fignifie the Crown and Realm of
England, fhall be underftcod of the Crown and
Realm ot Great Britain ; and that in that fcni~e
the faid Oaths and Declaration be taken and.
fubferibed by the Members of both Houfes
of the Parliament of Great Britain.
:

Parliament Which time fhall not be lefs than fifty days

not to meet after the date of fiich Proclamation; And the ARTICLE XXIII.
till -jo days
time and place of the Meeting ot fuch Par-
after Pro-
clamation. liament being fo appointed, a Writ fhall be 1
That the aforefaid fixteen Peers of ScotlandThs fixteen
immediately iflued under the Great Seal of mentioned in the Lift preceding Article, to fit peers &&
(
Great Britain, directed to the Privy Council in the Houfe of Lords of the Parliament ofjj^jj
1 h*
J f
'
of Scotland, for the fummoning the iixteen Great Britain, fhall have all Privileges of Par-p ar ]j anfei^°
* Peers, and for electing forty five Members, ' liament, which the Peers of England now
1
by whom Scotland is to be reprefented in the c
have, and which they or any Peers of Great
'
Parliament of Great Britain. And the Lords ' Britain fhall have after the Union, and par-
'
of Parliament of England, and the fixteen ' ticularly the Right of Sitting upon the Trials
(
Peers of Scotland, fuch fixteen Peers being ;
of Peers And in cafe of the Trial of any— partlcular-
:

'
fummoned and returned in the manner agreed ;
Peer, in time of Adjournment, or Proroga-]y,at theTri- "

this Treaty, and the Members ot the

4
In ;
tion of Parliament, the faid fixteen Peers fhall al of Peers:
* Houfe of Commons of the faid Parliament ;

be fummoned in the fame manner, and have

'
of England, and the forty five Members for ;

the fame Powers and Privileges at fuch Trial,

c
Scotland, fuch forty five Members being elected as any other Peers of Great Britain ; and that
'
and returned in the manner agreed in this in cafe any Trials of Peers fhall hereafter hap-
* Treaty fhall aifemble and meet refpectively,
; pen, when there is no Parliament in being,
'
in the refpective Houfes of the Parliament the Iixteen Peers of Scotland, who fat in the
' of Great Britain, at fuch time and place as Lift preceding Parliament, fhall be fummoned
* fhall be fo appointed by Her Majefty, and in the fame manner, and have the fame
' fhall be the two Houfes of the firfl Parlia- Powers and Privileges at fuch Trials, as any
c
ment ot Great Britain ; and that Parliament other Peers of Great Britain ; and that all p eer s of Jfo«
* may continue for fuch time only, as the Peers of Scotland, and their Succeflbts to their !<*"d fhaU en-
' prefent Parliament of England might havt Honours and Dignities, fhall from and after \°y aU
J*"**"
(
continued, if the Union of the two Kmg- the Union, be Peers of" Great Britain, andjj^^jiw!
(
doms had not been made, unlcfs fooner dif- have Rank and Precedency next and inime-, 4 ;„ (
' folved by Her Majefty. And that every one diately after the Peers of the like Orders
(
of the Lords of Parliament of Great Britain. and Degrees in England at the time of the
c
and every Member of the Houfe of Commons Union, and before all Peers of Great Britain
c
of the Parliament of Great Britain, in the firfl of the like Orders and Degrees, who may be
c
and all fucceeding Parliaments of Great created after the Union, and fhall be Tried— andflialJbe
tr e as P ""
* Britain, until the Parliament of Great Britain as Peers of Great Britain, and fhall enjoy all r ^
'

(
fhall otherwife direct, fhall take the refpective n -i
Privueges ot
cdPeers, as fully
r ii l
the
n r
as
Great Brt-
Peers o\
'
-

ta int
* Oaths appointed to be taken, iuftead of the England do now, or as they, or any other
t
Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, by an Peers of Great Britain may hereafter enjoy
*
Act of Parliament made in England in the firfl the fame, except the Right and Privilege
1
year of the Reign of the late King William ot fitting in the Houfe of Lords, and the
'
and Queen Mary, Intituled, An Acl for the Privileges depending thereon, and particular-
c
abrogating of the Oaths of Supremacy and Alle- ly the '

Right of Sitting upon the Trials of

' giance, and appointing other Oaths, and make, Peers.
' fubferihe, and audibly repeat the Declaration
* mentioned in an Act of Parliament made in i

ARTICLE
 :

Scotland. 8
l
V England and i i
?
'
whatfoever, both Publick and Private,
gifters
General and Particular, and Warrants thereof,
'

ARTICLE XXIV. continue to be kept as they are within that

part of the United Kingdom now called

and that they fhall fo remain in all

That from and after the Union, there be Scotland ;
•
Great
time coming, notwithftanding the Union.
one Great Seal for the United Kingdom
il of Great' of
itain.
Great Britain, which fhall be different from
the Great Seal now ufed in either
Kingdom ;
and that the Quartering the Arms, and the
ART ICLE XXV.
Rank and Precedency of the Lyon King of
That all Laws and Statutes in either King-
' All Laws,
Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland, as may
dom, fo far as they are contrary to, or in- JJ^Yr-™
fuit the Union, be left to Her
belt
Majefty
Articles, t;dcSj
confiftent with the Terms ot thefe t0 bl!
that in the mean time, the Great
Seal
And the void.
Seal of the or any of them, fhall, from and after
of England be ufed as the Great and be
Union, ceafe and become void, fhall
United Kingdom, and that the Great
Seal
fo declared to be, by the
refpe-aive Parlia-
lor Sealing
of the- United Kingdom be ufed
ments of the faid Kingdoms.
Writs to Elect and Summon the Parliament
all Treaties
of Great Britain, and for Sealing
pub- Thus, was compleated a Work of equal
with Foreign Princes and States, and all viz.. the perpetual Union
lick ASs, Inflruments
and Orders of State Difficult) and Importance,
the
ot England and Scotland, in the fame Prince,
which concern the whole United Kingdom name of Great Bri-
England, fame Parliament, the fame
-except in and in all other Matters relating to fame Privileges of trade and Com-
is now ufed ; tain, and the
Utters as the Great Seal of England
Union, merce.
hich con- and that a Seal in Scotland after the
;rn each in all things Since which time, feveral Afts have been The Union
be always kept and made ufe of of Great Britain, to ren- made more
.ingdom,
relating to private Rights or
Grants, which made by the Parliament
Kingdoms more m-
:
' '
parately.
:
have ufually patted the Great Seal of
Scotland, der the Union of the two
Acts, it is pro-f;„„_
mAAa s '

Grants, riVe and complete. By one of thole

and which only concern Offices, but one Privy Stat. 6 Ann'.
that vided, That there fhall be
Comniiflions, and private Rights within and,c 6.
Council for the Kingdom of Great Britain;
:

Kingdom ; and that until fuch Seal fhall be of Peace' (hall be appointed in
That Juftices
appointed by Her Majefty, the prefent Great addition of all Powers
fuch Pur- North Britain, with the
'
Seal of Scotland, fball be ufed for in South Britain. And
Caflet, ufed and praaifed by thofe
'
pofes ; and that the Privy Seal, Signet, relating to Treapm.Sat. 7 Ann'.
Quarter-Seal, by another, That the Laws
Signet of the Jufticiary Court, "•
1 c
the Trial thereof, -
be and Mifprifion of Treafon, and
'
and Seals of Courts now ufed in Scotland United Kingdoms, fhall be the very
' that the faid Seals be altered in the two
continued ; But
as fame.
1
and adapted to the State of the Union
1
Her Majefty fhall think fit ; and the faid
Keepers of May the God of Peace and Concord profper
'
Seals and all of them, and the Union, and alfo improve
Regulations as and eftablifh this happy
them, fhall be fubjeft to fuch
1

Britain fhall hcre- it more and more ; as fhall be moft tor his
'
the Parliament of Great
Scepter, Glory, the honour of our
Gracious Soveraign,
Crown, Eft. '
after make. And that the Crown,
moft potent
Parha- and the ftrength and intereft of this
to be kept in '
and Sword of State, the Records of Ifland.l
Records, Rolls and Ke- and Houridling
Scotland, as
'
ment, and all other
at prefent.

E SCOT-
SCOTLAND,
ro r,

NORTH- BRITAIN!
 1

THE
GENERAL HEADS
I N

SCOTLAND,
ro r

NORTH-BRITAIN.l
SCOTLAND, 1153
Its Divifion IJ 57
Its States, or Degrees 1 167

It Judicatories, or Courts of
juftice 1169

Teifidale 1173
Twedale or Peebles 1175
GADENI, 1 r
7 ^Merch or Mers 1
177
Lauden or Lothien 1 1 8

fLiddefdale 1193
SELGOVM, H93<Annandale 1195
(Nidifdale 1
197

{"Galloway 1
199
I Carricl 1203
NOVANTES, upojKyle ibid.

i Cunningham 1205
JGlotta 1207

7 F DAM-
 The General Heads in Scotland.

rCluydefdale 1209
DAMN II, 1 209J Lennox 1217
[Sterling 1219

Tife 1231
Strathern 1237
Argile 1 241
Cantire 1243
Lorn ibid.
Braidalbin 1245
Perth-fliire
1247
Angus 1251
CALEDONIA, 1227 Mernis 1257
Marr
n Buquhan
Murray
1259
1263
1267
Loqhuabre 1271
Rofle 1273
Sutherland 1275
Cathnes 1277
Strath-navern 1279

An additional Defcription of
the Roman Wall. 1283

SCOT-
SCOTLAND,
OW J am bound for Scotland, whither
Igo with a willing mind : but I fhall pafs
it over lightly, and with gentle touches ; not
forgetting that faying, Minus notis minus
diu infiftendum, the lefs we know things,
the lefs we are to dwell upon them , and
that advice of the Grecian, sfc®. &\ aVe>W
to. Be not too buhe, where thou art not acquainted. For
it would be great imprudence, to pretend to fpeak copioujly,
where our notices have been but few. But fince this Coun-
try is alfo honour''d with the name ^/"BRITAIN; I will
take the liberty, with all due refpect to the Scottilh Nation,
in purfuance of my bold Defign of illufi.ra.ting Britain, to
profecute that Undertaking and, drawing afide the Veil of
;

dark Antiquity, to point out, asfar as I am able, the Places of

ancient note. For this, I ajfure my Jelf of pardon, both from
the good nature of the People themfelves, and in regard of the
extraordinary Happinefs of \ our Times, when, by divine Pro-t s did,
16 ° 7
That is fallen into our hands, which we durfi hardly*""-
'

vidence,
hope for, and which our Anceftors fo often and fo earnefily
wiftid to fee ; namely, That Britain, which for fo many
Ages had been divided in it felf and been a kind of unfo-
ciable Ijland, fhould (like one uniform City^) be joined in one
entire Body, under * one moji Auguft Monarch, the founder *k.3Wj,

of an everlafting Peace. Who, being through the propitiousf c ^/ d ni

E "£-
goodnefs of Almighty God, appointed, and born, and prefer-
ved, for the common good of both Nations, and a Prince of
1

^ '

fingular
 SCOTLAND.
* Doth > cjingular wifdom, and fatherly affeffion to all his Subjects * did
;

fo cut-off all occafions of fear, hope, revenge, and complaint,

1 Hath, c.
t bat t} x jata i Difcord, which \ hadfo Na-
long engaged thefe
*is, c.
tions, otherwife invincible, in mutual Wars,* was now flifled,
tRcjoyces, and fupprejfed for ever and Concord exceedingly \ rewycd,
;

* Tri- and even * Triumphed becaufe, as the Poetfings,

;

umphs, C.

Jam cuncti Gens una fumus,

Now all one Nation, we're united fafl.

To which we anfwer by way of Chorus.

« Et fimus in arvum.

And may that Union for ever lajt.

But before I enter upon Scotland, / think it not ami 1} to

advertife the Reader, that I leave the firfl Original of the
ScottiftiNation, and the Etymology of the Name (difcarding
all Conjectures of others, which, as well in former
Ages as
in thefe our days, have ow"d their birth either to Credulity
or
Supinenefs) to be difcujfed by their own Hifiorians, and the
Learned of that Nation. And, following the fame method
that I took in England, / fhall firfl fay fomething in fhort
touching [Scotland in general, witF\ the Divifion of it- as
alfo of the States of the Kingdom, and the Courts of Tuftice •

and Jhall then briefly touch upon the Situationand Commodi-

ties of every particular County ;
jhewing, which are the Pla-
ces of greatefl Note, and what Families are mofl eminent and
have flourijtid with the title and honour of ("Dukes "] Earls
JVifcounts,! and Barons of Parliamentjo/^r as by reading and
enquiry I could poffbly procure information. And this Ifhall do
very cautioujly, taking all imaginable care, by an ingenuous and
jincere regard to truth, not to give the leaji offence to the moll
Cenforious and Critical; and, by a compendious brevity, not
to prevent the curious diligence of thofe, who may poffibh at-

tempt all this in a more full, polite, and elegant way.

O F
 JgEJM

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for even in North-Britain, Air

the is more pic find ufeful in feveral dileales,; are common
mild and temperate than in the Continent under enough. No
Country is better provided with
the fame Climate, by reafon of the warm Fifll. Befides flocks of fmaller Whales, with the
vapours from the fea upon all fides, and the Porpefs, and the Meerfwine, frequently caft
continual breezes of the wind from thence. in ; great Whales of the Baleen or Whale-bone
The heat in Summer is no way fcorching. The kind, and of the Sferma Ceti kind, are caft now
conftant winds purifie the air and keep it al- and then upon feveral parts of the fhore.
ways in motion ; fo that there is feldom any
Epidemick difeafe rages here. 7 G Befides
 1 154.

f^iiWlCjp

ro f

Scotland, in general.
in Scot;
S Albion was the nature of the Country is for the moft Hills
firft and moft The
;
limd '

name of Great Bri- part. hilly and mountainous, there being but
ancient
we meet with in the few plains, and they of no great exrent. Thofe
tain, that
Greek and Latin Authors fo they have, are generally by the fea-fide
;
and ;

is Albania, of that nor- from thence the ground begins to rife fenfibly,
jtlbania. higher fo that,
thern part, which lay beyond the farther in the Country the
:

the Humber and the Diva. the greateft hills are in the middle of the
King-
efpecially upon the skirts of
Learned-men have deliver'd various reafons, dom. Thefe hills,
breed abundance of Cows, which
why it fliould be fo call'd but the moft pro- the Country,
;

butter and cheefe to

them is, from the ancient Inhabitants not only afford ftorc of
bable of
calling themfelves Albanich, who likewife call'd the Inhabitants, but likewife considerable pro-
their Country, Albin and their poftcrity, the fit by the vent of their hides and tallow, and
;

fold in South Bri-

High-landers, do ftill retain the name in a part of the great numbers that are
their Country call'd Braid- Albin. tain. The fize of thefe (as alfo of flxep) their
meat of both is of an ex-
This Country, which, till our late Union, is but fmall; but the
fine tafte, and very nourifhing. The
was known under the name of the Kingdom of ceeding
Scotland, is divided from England by the
water High-Lands afford great Flocks o( Goats, with
clear'd from Wolyet.
of Tweed, to Carhoom then by Keddon-burn, ftore of Deer; and
;
are
-whole Country has good ftore and variety
Haddou-rigg, Black-dowu-hill, Morfla-hill, Battin- The
to the tilings of the rivers Keal and of fowl, both rame and wild.
bitfs-hi!!,

"Ted ; after, Liderwater, Esk, to the

by Kerfof-burn, The Quality of the foil, compared in general Quality of
with that of South Britain, is not near fo good.the.SW).
"Tod-hill!,the Marchiike, to White-Jack and Solic-
commonly more for pafture, and is very
way-frith. the weft, it hath the Jrifi-Sea ; on
On It is fit

well watered for that purpofe. Where rhe fur-

the north, the Deucaledonian ; and on the eaft, the
German Ocean. On
all which fides bordering up- face is leaneft, there are found Metals, and

on theSea, it hath feveral Ifles belonging to it. Minerals ; and confiderable quantities of Lead
alfo good Copper,
From the Mule of Galloway in the fouth, to are exported yearly : there is
Dimgs-bay-head in the eaft-point of Catlmep in the but they will
not be at the pains to work it.
north, it is about two hundred and fifty miles But in
much of the in-hnd Country, efpe-
it lyeth upon fome of the Friths,
long ; and betwixt Buchtm-mfs on the eaft lea, and cially where
there, all forts of
Ardnanurrchan-yo'mt on the weft, one hundred the foil is very good ; and
ufual in the South
and fifty miles broad. The moft foutherly grain do grow, that are
part of i't, about Whiten, is fifty four degrees, parts of Britain. The Wheat is frequently ex-
I

rifty four minutes in Latitude; and in Longi- ported by

Merchants to Spain, Holland, and
forty minutes. The nor- Norway. Barley grows plentifully; and their
tude fifteen degrees,
affording bread of a
thermoft part, the above-mentioned Dmgshay- lOsts are extreme good,
head, is fifty eight degrees, thirty two (fome clean
and wholfom nourifhment. In the Low
ol PeafemdBeans, which,
fay thirty) minutes in Latitude, and feventeen grounds they have ftore
1

degrees, fifty minutes in Longitude. Thelfor the ftrength of their feeding, are much
the skirts of
longeft day is about eighteen hours and two ufed by the labouring-people. In
fit for Gram,
minutes; and the (horteft night five hours rhe Country, which are not fo
and forty five minutes. there grow great Woods of Timber, to a vait
found
It was not without reafon, that Czfar faidjbignels, efpecially Firr-trees, which are
of Britain, Cesium Gallico temferatius, i. e. a to thrive beft in ftony grounds.
The air tern
perate. Climate more temperate than that of Gaule Springs of Mineral-Waters (which the peo-
;

feveral difeafes,) are common

for even in North-Britain, the Air is more ple find ufeful in
is better provided with
mild and temperate than in the Continent under enough. No Country
the fame Climate, by reafon of the warm Fifh. Befides
Bocks of fmaller Whales, with the
Meerfwine, frequently eaft
vapours from the fea upon all fides, and the Porvefs, and the
continual breezes of the wind from thence. in great Whales of the Baleen or Whale-bone
;

Summer no way fcorching. The kind, and of the Sferma Ceti kind, are call now
The heat in is
parts of the fhore.
conftant winds purifie the air and keep it al- and then upon feveral
ways in motion fo that there is feldom any
;

Epidcmick difeafe rages here.

-, G Befides
 "55 SCOTLAND, in general. s
\%6
Befides the grain and other commodities which was fubjeft to the Romans.
The Reli-
already named, the Merchants export alabailer. gion of the Kingdom eftabiifhed by Law,
is
linnen, and woollen cloath, freezes, plaids that which is contain'd in the CmfeQion
:
of Faitb y
plaiding, fluff, ftockings, malt and meal, skins authorized in the firft Parliament of King
of Rabbets, Hares, &c. fifties, eggs, oker : James the fixth, and defined in the nineteenth
marble, coal, and fait. Article of the faid Gmfeffton, to be That
Chriftianity
TheChriftian Religion was very early plant- which is contained in the written word of
early ini
North Bri-
ed here; for TertulJian's words, Britannorum God.
tain. inaccejfa Romanis loca, Chrifto uero fubdha, i. e. For the promotion of Learning, they have Learning in
Places in Britain, inacceflible to the Romans four Univerfities, St. Andrews, Glafgow, Aber- N rtl* firi -
?
but fubdu'd by Cbrift, mull be understood of deen, and Edmburgh ; wherein are Profeflbrs of tain *
rhe north part of the Ifland, pohefled by the moft of the Liberal Arts, endowed with compe-
Scots, and feparated by a wall from that part tent Salaries/"!

THE
 : : ;

nc;8
57

^SSSmBuuaSHBBBaakBBBm bhbhbhhhhbhbbbhbb

THE
DIVISION
O F

SCOTLAND.
;, LL the North part of the With refpect to the * manners and cufloms oft Hahituio.
into the High-land-men Higb-laui-
Ifland of Britain, was anciently the People, iris divided
inhabited by the Picts ; who and Low-land-men. Thefe
are more civilized, m*
[ .Loro-lani'
the Engliih
I were divided into two Na- and ufc the language and habit of 'men. ;

! tions, theDicaUdomi^adWeEiu- the other, more rude and barbarous, and ufe
whom I have fpoken that of the Irifil, as I have already mentioned,
riones, of
*

-~-' already, out of Ammianus Mar- and fiiall more largely hereafter obferve. Out
this Divifion I exclude the Borderers, be- Borderers.
cellinus. But when the Scots had got pofieffion of
into feven parts, caufe they, by the blefl'ed and happy \ Union, f ofK.ing
of this Trad, it was filar 'd
enjoying the Smt-Jbine of peace on every fide,?"""" tlw
among feven Princes, as we have it in a little ""
ancient Book Of the Divifion of Scotland,
m
theie are to be look'd on as living in the very midfl:
of the Britifll Empire ; and (being fulKciently
words
tir'd with war) begin ro grow acquainted || So ftia, ||

Enegus and Mann.
The firfl: part contained
The fecond, Atlxodl and Goverin.
The third, Stradeern with Meneted.
The fourth was Fortbever.
The fifth, Mar with Bucben.
with, and to have an inclination to Peace. ana. 1607.
With refpeft to the fituation of the Places
the whole Kingdom is again divided into two
on this fide the river Tay,
parts, the Southern,
and the Northern, beyond the River Tay be- ;

fides a great many Iflands lying round. In

The fixth, MmrefmiRofs. moil
in the middle the South part, thefe Countries arc re-
The feventh, Cathnefs, parted
by the Mound, a mountain which runs markable :

from the Weftern to the Eaftern Sea.

Teifidal,.
Merch.
After that, the fame Author reports, from the
Lauden.
Relation of Andrew Bifhop of Cathnefs, that
into Liddefdale.
the whole Kingdom was divided likewife
Eskdale.
feven Territories:
Annandale.
(fo termed by the Niddejdale.
The from Fryth
firfl;
Galloway.
Britaim; by the Romans Worid, now
Carriek.
Scottwade,) to the River "fae.
Kyle.
The fecond, from Hilef, as the Sea fetches
Cunningham.
a reach, to a mountain in the North-
named Athran. Arran.
eaft part of Sterling,
Cluydefdale.
The third, from Hilef to Dee.
Lenox.
The fourth, from Dee to the River Sfe.
Stirling.
The fifth, from Sfe to the Mountain Bru-
Fife.
nalban.
Strathern.
The fixth, Mures smi Rtfs.
Menteitb.
The feventh, the Kingdom of Argatbel
Argile,
This is as it were the Border of the
Cantire.
Scots, who were fo called from Cathel-
Lorn.
gas their Captain.
In
 :

ii59 The Dhifwn (/SCOTLAND. r 1 6o

I. Ihe Rivers divide it by three Ijlbmus's,
In the North part, are reckoned thefe into fo many Peiiinfula's
; one to the fouth,
Countries one in the middle, and one to the north.
The
rivers on each fide running tar into the
Loquabar. Country, are hinder 'd from meeting, by
a
Braidalbin. fmall craft of ground j and if that
were re-
Perth. moved, they would make three Elands of that
Athol. which is now the Continent or main-land of
Angus. North Britain.
Mem. The firft Peninfula is to the fouth, divided I. Peninfula.
Marr. from South Britain by the river of Tweed,
Buquban. and where it failcth, by a line drawn to Solloway-
Murray. Frith, which reachcth far up into the adjacent
Rofs. country and towards the north, from the reft
;

Sutherland; of the continent by the Firth, and river of

Cathmjs. Forth, and a ihort line over land to Glide, by
Strathnavem. which, and its Firth, it is feparated from the
north-weft part, and the reft of the continent.
Thefe are fuhdivided again, with refped to This comprehendeth the following Counties,
the Civil Government, into Sheriffdoms, Stew- Merfe, T'eviotdale, Forreft, and Etterick,
Annan-
nrties, and BaiSiaries. dale, and Nithifdale, Eaft-Lothian, Mid-Lothian,
and Wejl-Lothian, Lauderdale, Iweedale, Stir-
— !e fin * The Sheriffdoms are, lingjllire, Renfrew, Cliddifdale, Cunningham,
Kyle,
his Lift of the
and CarriS, Galloway, which contaiueth the
Shires J makes Edenburgh.
them 33, rec-
Stewarty of Kircudbright, and Shire of Wig-
koning the Linlytbquo. ton.
Stewarty of Selkirk.
The middle Peninfula hath to the fouth, the
2 , PeninfuU.
Kircu&bright, Roxburgh. Firth and river of Forth, and the line betwixt
as one ( as Peeblis.
aMoHading- it and the river and Firth of Clide to the weft ;

ton, Rofs,
Berwick. and eaft, the ocean ; and to the north, it is fepa-
Lane-rick.
Stirling, Caib- rated from the reft of the continent of Scot-
nefs, and At. Renfrew. land, by the Loch and water of Lochly, and a
thtriand; and Dumjreh.
leaving out line through a fhort neck of land to the rife of
IVigton. Loch NeJJe; and then by the Loch and river of
Forres, which
rcckon'd Aire.
is Nefs to the place where that River runneth into
one here. Bute. the fea. It contained thefe Counties
; Fyfe,
Argyle and Kinrosjhire, Clackmannanshire, Menteith, Lennox,
Tarbet. Argyle, Lorn, Cantyre, Perthshire, Angus,Mernes,
Dunbarton. Aberdeenf/lire,
Bamf-fiire, all Badenoth, part of
Berth. Lachaber, and much of the Shire of lavernefs.
Clackmannan. The
northern Peninfula hath, to the fouth,,.
peninfula.
Kinrofs. the Loch and water of Lochly, and a Ihort line
Fife. from thence to Lochnefs and the water of Nefs
j
Kincardin. and to the weft, north, and eaft, it hath the
Forfar. Ocean ; and containeth thefe Counties, Rofs,
Aberdene. Sutherland, Stratlmavern, and Catlmefs, and that
Bang. part of Lochaber, and Invernefs-fhire, that ly-
Elgin.
eth to the north of the Loch, and water of
Forres.
Nefs.
Name. divided by the mans Gramfius, or the
2. It is
Grantzbain-
which run through it from the hills.
Grantzbain-hills,
Cromartie. weft to the eaft, riling near Dumbarton, and
Orknay, and running to the town of Aberdeen, into the
Shetland. fouth and north parts ; tho' this divifion is not
fo equal, as the former.
Stewarties,
3. By the quality of the foil, it is divided Highlands
into the High-lands and Low-lands; For the and Low-
Menteith. people who afl'efted pafture and hunting, be- lands -

Strathern. took themfelves always to the hills, as moft

f Tbis con- 1 Kircudbright. proper for them, and were of old called Bri-
tains the Eaft Annandale.
part of Gal.
gantes, and Horefli, S ,„), that is,
Scota-Brigantes,
Orkney. f
Highlanders and Braemm, as they are called
loroay. to
this day. And the reft, who gave themfelves
Bailliaries. to the culture of the lands, and affeaed
more of a civil life, betook themfelves to
Kile.
the low grounds, towards the fea, and
Carrick.
were
called of old PiBi and Meat*,
VeSurioms, and
Cunningham. Peahts: and by fome of the Roman
writers
Caledonii ; while thofe who did
inhabit the
Conftablery. mountains, were called Dicaledones, and as fome
read it Dumaledones. In othets of the Romans,
Haddington. the word Caledonia comprehendeth the Country
poflefied by both.
4. It was divided into the two Kingdoms ofScots and
fBefides thefe Diviiions, there are four
others the Scots and Pitts. The Scots were polielled of Pi*.
taken from the Rivers, the Mountains, the
qua- all the Weftern-Ifles, and the skirts of
lity of the Sail, and the ancient the
Inhabitants. Country towards the weft : the Piifs had all
that
 : :

ii6i The Divifion of SCOTLAND. I l£>2

that which lay upon the German Ocean. The the two Walls ; and which they erected into a
Romans breaking in upon them, gain'd a large Province called Vahntia.
traS, which contain'd all the ground between

The particular Shires, with their extent, are as follows :

Edenbargh ^Midlothian.
Shires, and
their Extent. Mm Mers and Lauderdale.
Tweedale.
Peebles
Selkirk
Etterick and Forrcft.

Roxburgh Teviotdale, Liddifdale, Eskdale, and Euf-

dale.
Nithifdale and Annandale.
Dumfries
Wigton The well: part or" Galloway.
Kyle, Carrici, and Cunningham.
Aire
Re)ifrew
The Barony of Renfrew.
Cledfdale.
Lanerick
Dumbron Lenox.
Bute The Ifles of Bute and Arran.

Argile, Lorn, Kintyre ; moil: part of the weft

Imurdra
Me, as Ha, Jura, Mul, Wyft, Terif, Coll,
Lifmore.
Perth
Menteith, Strathern, Balwhidder, Glenurghay,
Stormont, Athol, Gource, Glenfhee, Strat-
tardill, Braid-Albin, Raynock.

Sniveling Much of the ground that lyeth clofe upon both

fides of Forth.

Linlithgow Weft-Lothian.
Kinros That part of Fife lying between Lochleven and
the Ochill hills.
The Shire of <{ y Contains <i

Clackmannan A fmall part of Fife lying on the river of Forth

towards Striveling.

Couper The reft of Fife to the eaft of Lochleven.

Forfar Angus with its pertinents, Glen-lla, Glen-Esk,
Gkn-proffm.
Kinkardin The Menu's.
Aberdeen Mar with its pertinents, as Birs, Glen-Tanner,
Glen-Muick, Strath-dee, Strathdon, Brae
of Mar and Cromar, and moil part of Bu-
chan, Fourmartin, Gareock, and Strath-
Bogie-Land.
Bamff A fmall part of Buchan, Strathdovern, Boyn,
Einzie, Strath Awin, and Balvenie.
Elgin The Eaft part of Murray.
Nairn The Weft part of Murray.
Invermfs Badenoch, Lochabir, and the fouth part of
Rofs.
Cromartie A fmail part of Rofs, lying on the fouth fide
of Cromartic-Frith.
Tayn The reft of Rofs, with the Ifles of Sky, Lewis,
and Herris.
Dornoch Sutherland and Strathnavern.
Wike \_Catbnefs.l

Concerning the adminiftration of Church- Aberdeen.

affairs: As the reft of the Bifhops of the world Murray.

had no certain Diocefes, till Dionyfius Bifhop Dumbhme,
Diocefes.
Rome, about the year 26S, fet out diftinft Brechen.
of
Diocefes for them ; fo the BhTiops of Scotland Rofs.

exercifed their Epifcopal Functions indifferently Cathnefs.

Orkney.
wherever they were, till the Reign of Malcolm
is, about the year of our Lord
the third, that
1070. At which time, the Diocefes were con- Under the Archbifliop of Glafco, f were oniy-f. Are, C;
fined within their refpeftive bounds and limits. three.
Afterwards, in procefs of time, this Hierarchy Galloway.

was eftabliflied in Scotland : There * were two Lifmore and

Arcbblflto Archbifhops, of St. Andrews, and Glafco ; the The Ifles.
ri ksa all Scotland, and had under
£ £
. ?'? firftf was Primate of ||

[But to give the Reader a more diftin<5t view

J JK C his jurifdidion * nine Bifhopricks
+ 15, C.
of the feveral Diocefes, and their refpe&ive
II
Hath, C.
J Edinburgh.
bounds, we will add the following Scheme
If^u'
\ Added by
Dunkell.

K-. Ch. 1.

Dio-
 :

ir<?3 The Dwi/imjf SC OT L A N P7 i i6t

St. Andrews rPart of Perfhfhire, and pan of An " and

Mernes.
Glafgow The (hires of Dunbarton, Ranfrew Air Lane-
rick, part of the (hires of
Roxburgh,' Dura-
freis,
Peebles, and Selkirk.
Edinburgh The aires of Edinburgh, Linlithgow,
part of
Stnvelingihire, Berwickfhire, the
Conftabu-
larle of Hadington, and Bailliary of
Lauder-
dale.
Dunkeld The moll part of Perthjhire, part of Angus and
part of Weft-Lothian.

Diocefe of <
Aberdeen
Murray

Erichia
K Contains <
e
^
Moft part of Bamf-fhire, and part of
™ °f
^lt-
nels and Bamr-fhire.
Part of Angus, and Mernis.
ana ^^ Mernis
>«
of Iu Vc r-

Dumblane Part of Perth, andStriveling-fhires.

Rojs The fliire of Tain, Cromertie, and the
greater!
part of Invernefs-lhire.
Catlmejs Cathnefs and Sutherland.
Orkney All the Northern Ifles of Orkney and
Zvtland
Galloway The (hire of Wigton, the Stewartj'e of"
Kir-
cudbright, the Regality of Glentrurie,
and
part of Dumfries.-fhire.
Argils Argile, Lorn, Kintyre, and Lohaber, with
fome of the Weft Ifles.
the I/les Moft of the Weft Ifles.

Chnrch.Go- Under this Conftitution, the Government make choice of

a new Moderator.
4. Their
vernment un- was thus. r. In every Parifli, the cognizance
General Affembly : this confifts of two
der tfifiipt. of fome Scandals belong'd to the members
Sefion (a Judi- from every Presbytery, and one
•}• cature compos'd of the greateft and Commiffioner
worthieft from each Univerfity. The King
perfons in each his too has
parifli,.) where the Minifter pre-
Commiffioner there, without whofe confent
fided, ex officio. 2. But if the Cafe prov'd too Ads can
no
pafs ; and before they are in
force
intricate, it was referred to the Preflyterie, a they muft be alfo ratify
'd by the King.
fuperior Judicature, confiding of a certain num-
ber of Minifters, between 12 and 20, who met
almoft every fortnight. The Moderator was The Presbyteries, are thefe that foilow,
nam'd by the Bifhop ; and, befides the cenfures
which they inflifted, it was by them, that fuch
asenter'dinto Orders, were folemnly examined.
Dunce.
Provincial 3. Above this, was the Provincial-Synod, which
Cbernjide.
Synod. met twice a year in every Diocefe, and had Presbyteries.
Kelfi.
the examination of fuch cafes as were referred
Erfilton.
to them by the Presbyteries. Here, the Bifhop
Jedburgh.
prefided ex officio. 4. Above all, was the Convo-
Melrojs.
cation, when the King pleas'd to call it where- ;
Dumbar.
in the Archbilhop of St. Andrews prefided. And
Hadington.
befides thefe, every Bifhop, for the Caufes of
Dalkeith.
Teflaments, &c. had his Official or Commifl'ary,
Edinburgh.
who was judge of that Court within the Dio-
Peebles.
cefe. Of thefe, Edinburgh had four ; the reft,
Linlithgow.
one.
Perth.
Efifiopaty a- Thus
ftood the Conftitution of the Church Dunkeld.
boliflted, andof Scotland, in the State of Efifcofacy
'
; which Auchterarder.
C continu d
" tiil tne Far of °ur Lord
flabliCd 1680. But Striveling.
• fince that time, the Ecclefiaftical Conftitution
Dumblane.
of Scotland hath been alter'd by feveral Afis Dumfreis.
pafs'd in the Parliament there one, by
; which Penpont.
the Eftate of Bifhops, being the third
Eftate of Loclmabane.
Parliament, is abolifhed ; another,
by which Midkbie.
Presbyterian Church-Government is fettled,
Wigton.
and the Nobility ( who confifted before, of
Kircudbright.
the greater Barons or Lords, and the lefl'er
Stranraver.
Barons or Freeholders) are divided into two E- Aire.
ftates.
Irwing.
Under the State of Presbyterie, the Church- Pafelay.
Government is thus
Dumbarton.
Government I. They alfo have their Parochial Sefftom ; but
under JVeiJr-with Glafgow.
this difference, that though the Minifter
Hamilton.
prefides, yet a Lay-man (a Bailie) ordinarily Lanerick.
afli/ls. 2. In their Presbyteries, they chufe their Biggar.
own Moderator to prefide. 3. They have their
Dunnune.
Synod, or Provincial Affembly, but
without a Kinloch.
conftant head ; for, every time they
meet, they

Inerary.
n<S$ The Divifion of SCOTLAND. 1166
Inerary. Turref.
Kilmore. Fordyce.
Sky. Ellon.
St. Andrews. Strathbogie.
Kirkaldy. Abernethie.
Cowper. Elgin.
Dumfermelin. Forres.
Meegle. Aberlower.
Dundee. Chanrie*
Arbroth. Tayn.
Forfar.
Brichen. Domocb.
Mernis. Week.
Aberdeen. Tburfi.
Kinkardiu- Kirkwal.
Aljoord. Scaloway.
Gareoch. ColmkiH. 1
Deir.

THE
 1167 ri68

cx3<Jbc3bdb &

THE
States or Degrees.
O F

SCOTLAND- KpHE Government of the Scots, Third, about the year of our Lord 1400 ; as
as that of the Englrfh, confifls the honourable titles of Marquijs and Vifcount,
of a Kings Nobility, and Com- were * lately brought in by our moft gracious *
5 ft;d
monalty. Sovereign, King James the iixth. Thefe are ac-ann. 1607!
The King (to ufe the words counted Nobles of a higher degree, and have "T 1° P^fon,"
of their own Records) is, dire-
f place and voice in Parliament, and by fpecial°
r bj
\ ReP re "
Bm totim Dominii Dominm, di- right are called Lords, as the Bifhops a I fo ff^J
II
J l^CJn £-
rect Lord of the whole Dominion or Domain were. on.
and hath Royal Authority andjurifdicuon ovei Amongft the Nobles of a lower degree, in Together II

all the States of his Kingdom, as well Ecclefia-

flick, as Laick. Next to the

the firft place are Knights, who are certainly crea-^ ltfl
King, is his Eldeft ted with greater Solemnity here, than any where
^ Si-

Son, Hiltd Prince of Scotland, and by birth Duke elfe in Europe, by taking of an Oath, and Kmshts*
be-
of Rothfay, and Steward of -Scotland. But the ing proclaimed publickly by the Heralds. [In
reft of the King's Children are called iimply, the
year 1621. was inititmed the hereditary
Princes.
Among the Nobles, the greateft and moft ho-
Order of Knights Baronet, for advancing thcj^ n -
plantation of Nova Scotia in America, with pre-Baronet.
^
nourable in old times, were the 'Thanes, that is ccdency of all ordinary Knights, lefler Barons
(if Ijudge aright) thofe who were ennobled or Lairds ; of which Order there is a great num-
only by the office they bore ; for the word in ber, but the ancient great Lairds, Chiefs of
the antient Saxon fignifies The Kings Minifler. Clans or Families, have not generally yielded
Of thefe, they of the higher rank were called precedency to them.l In the fecond rank, are
Ab-thanes they of the lower, Under-Thanes. But
;
thofe who are called Lairds, and commonly with- Lairds.
thefe Names by little and little have grown out out any addition Barons ; amongft whom none
of ufe, ever fince King Malcolm the third con- were anciently reckoned, but fuch as held Lands
ferred the Titles of Earls and Barons (borrow'd immediately of the King in Capite, and had
out of England from the Normans) upon fuch the * Jm Furcarurn. In the third place, are fuch *p ower t0
Noblemen as had merited them. Since when, as being defcended of Honourable Families,hang, CSV.
in procefs of time, new Titles of Honour have
and dignify 'd with no certain title, are term'd
been much taken up, and Scotland, as well as Gentlemen. All the reft, as Citizens, Merchants, Gentlemen.
England, hath Dukes, Marquijjes, Earls, Vifcounts, Artificers, &c. are rtckon'd among the
Dukes, Mai Com-Commonaky;
\
and Barons. As for the title of Duke, the ftrft monalty.
quifles, Ear!
Vifcounts,
''
who brought it into Scotland was Robert the
Barons.

THE
 ;

[6 9 1170

THE
JUDICATORIES,
O R

COURTS of Juflice.
HE * Supream Court, as well Next to the Parliament [(which is now made The College
he Parlia- 1 in dignity as authority, { was one with the Parliament of England,/! is the ° f J"(Kw.
ent.
the Affembly of the States of the College of Juflice, or as they call it, the Sejfton,
Now made I

le with the Kingdom, which was called a which King James the fifth inftituted, An.
arliamentof j
Parliament, by the fame name 1552. after the manner of the Parliament at
ngland, by as it is in England ; and had confuting of a Pre/Idem, fourteen Senators,
Paris ;
!

,e Union.
J the fame abfolute Authority. feven of the Clergy, and as many 01 the Laity
Is, Camd.
hoi It confided of three Eftates ; of the Lords Sfiri- (to whom was afterwards added the Chancellor,
iisandthe ma l, that is, the Bifhops, Abbots, and Priors; who * took place firft, and three or four other * Takes, C.
Para Lords Temporal, viz. Dukes, Marquitt'es, Senators,) with three frincifal Clerks, and as
P \ of the
E ls > Vifcounts, and Barons ; and the Com- many Advocates as the Senators | thought con- f Think, C.
l
P
p«/i«|
"
"
:nfe. miffianen for the Cities and Boroughs. To whom venicnt. [Thus flood the Seffion in it's origi-
were joyned, * not long fince, for every Coun- nal Ioftitution ; but now, the diftindion of half
* So raid, „ nvo 1 Commiffioners ; fand in the reign of Spiritual half Temporal is laid afide, and the
+ £««»>>. Ki "g Willi » m the third ' b y aft of Parllament > Lords are all of the Temporalty ; and in the
'certain Shires, and the Stewartie of Kirkcud- reign of King James the feventh, an Aft of
bright, were allowed an additional
Reprefentati- Parliament pafs'd, allowing two perfons to be
on of Commiffioners in Parliament ; whereby, conjoyned in each of the three Offices of Ordi-
of the greater Shires, fome were allow'd four, nary Clerks of Seffion ; fo that now there are
fome three, according to the largenefs and extent fix Clerks. The proper Title of thofe who
of the Lands.] compofe the Seffion, is Lord; and by an Aft of
It was called by the King at pleafure, allow-
Parliament in the year 1661. the Prefident is
ing a certain time for notice before it was to declared to have Precedency of the Lord Regi-
fit. When they were convened, and the caufes iter and Advocate.l
of their meeting were declar'd by the King and The Seffion adminifters juflice (not according
the Chancellour, the Lords Spiritual retired to the rigour of the Law, but according to
apart, and chofe eight of the Lords Temporal reafon and equity) every day except Sunday and
and the Lords Temporal, likewife, as many out Monday, [anciently! from the firft of Novem-
of the Lords Spiritual. Then, all thefe toge- ber to the fifteenth of March, and from Trinity
ther nominated eight of the Knights of the Sunday to the firft of Auguft. fBut as Law
Shires, and as many of the Burgeues ; which, and Cuftom have now fettl'd it, the Seffion fit-
in all made thirty two, and were called Lords
teth from the firft of November to the laft of
and, with the Chancellour, Trea- February (the Tule-Vacance excepted, arc., from
of the Articles ; Stati I0
furer, Privy-Seal, the King's Secretary, &c,
admit- Dec. 20. to Jan. 10.) and from the firft of June Ann', c. 13,
ted or rejected (uch matters as were offer'd to to the laft of July inclufive.] All the fpace
be propos'd to the they had been
States, after between, as being the
times of fowing and
firft communicated to the King. Being ap- harveft, is Vacation, or an intermilTion of Suits

proved by the whole Aflembly of the States, and Matters of Law. They give judgment ac-
they were throughly examined ; and fuch as cording to Afls of Parliament fand the Muni-
pafs'd by a majority of Votes, were prefented cipal-Laws; 1 and where they are defeftive,
to the King, who by touching them with his according
to the Civil Law.

Scepter fignified the confirming or vacating of There are befides in every County, inferi- Inferior
them. But if the King difliked any thing, it our Civil Courts, wherein the Sheriff or his Courts.
was firft razed out. deputy decides controverfies amongft the Inha-
fThis was the ancient method ol propofing bitants, about Ejectments, Intrufions, Dama-
and finifhing the Affairs of Parliament ; but ges, Debts, &c. from whom, upon fufpicionof
in the reign of William the third, the Committee
hardfhip, partiality or alliance, they appeal
of Parliament was abrogated by a particular fometimes to the Sejfton. Thefe Sheriff's are for
Law, and the Parliament was empower'd to ap- the mod part hereditary. For the Kings of
point Committees of what number they pleas 'd, Scotland as well as England, to bind the
and equally of Noblemen, Barons, or Burgei : better fort of Gentlemen more clofely to them
fes, to be chofen out of each
Eftate by it felf, by their favours, did in old timemakethefe She-
overtures firft riffs hereditary and perpetual. But the Kin"s
for preparing all motions and
the Houfe ; with a power in the Par- of England, foon perceiving the inconveniencics
made in
appointed, happening thereupon, changed them into annual.
liament to alter the Committees fo
There are Civil Courts held alfo in the feveral
and (if they thought fit) to conclude fuch Bu-
finefs as ihould be propofed,
without appointing Regalities, by their refpective Baillies, to whom
the King gracioufly granted Royal privileges
any Committees.! ;

7 I as
 ;

I 171 The JU DICATORIES. 1

172
Parliament, for the trying of Peers in North-
;ls cney sre alfo held in tree Boroughs and Ci-
ties, by their Magiftrates. Britain, for Treafon, Murder and Felony, by

Com. There are likewifc Judicatories, thatarecall Commiflion under the Great Seal of Great
riat. ed The Commijfanat/thc higheft of which is Britain, and in fuch manner as is ufual upon

kept at Edenboraugh: wherein, before four Judges, Indictments taken before the Juftices of Oyer
Actions are pleaded concerning matters which and Terminer in South-Britain.]
relate to Wills Advowfons, Tythes, Divorces,!
Alfo, the Sheriffs in their territories, and Ma- c .,*• ,

n f> n • r - ahentts.
•.

CTcaiid other Eccleiiaftical Caufes of like nature.' giitrates in tome Boroughs,

may lit
(
in judgment
1

But in almoft all the other parts of the King- of Man-flaughter> in cafe the Man-flayer be ap-
dom, there fits but one Judge on thefe Caufes. prehended in the fpace of 24 hours j and having
In Criminal Caufes, the King's Chief Juftice found him guilty by a Jury, may put him to
Court at holds his Courts generally at Edenborough death. But if that time be laps'd, the caufe
Edcnborougb, which Office * was heretofore executed by the is referred to the King's Juftice, or his De-
•Hatli, for Earls of Argyk, who deputed two or three puties. The fame privilege aifo fome of the
fome time,
beon, C.
Lawyers to take cognifance of Actions of life Nobility and Gentry enjoy againft Thieves, ta-
and death, lofs of limbs, or of goods and chat- ken within their own Jurifdictions. There are
tels. fBut by an Act of Parliament in the thofe likewife, who have fuch Royalties, that
reign of King Charles the fecond, concerning in criminal Caufes they exercife Jurifdiction
it is now made to confift of within their own limits,
and in fome cafes call
the Juftke-Court,
Lord Juftice General, and the Lord Juftice thofe who dwell within their own Liberties,
the
Clerk (both of the King's nomination;) to from before the King's Juftice ; with this pro-
are added five of the Lords of the Sef- vifo, that they judge according to Law.
whom
fion, who are fupply'd from time to time by Thefe Matters (as having had but a tranfi-
the King, and are called Lords of the Jufticia- ent view of them ) I have juft touched upon.
ry.l In this Court, the Defendant is permit- Mflm manner of Country Scotland is, and what pomponha
ted, even in cafe of High-Treafon, to retain Men it
breeds (as of old that excellent Geogra- Mela.

an Advocate to plead for him. pher writ of Britain) will in a little time more

Special Conr
Moreover, in criminal Matters, Juftices arc certainly and evidently befhown, fincethe *greatejl + „ „
miffions. fometimes appointed by the King's Commif- of Primes hath opened a pajfage to it, which had
fion, for deciding this or that particular caufe. beenfo longjbut up. In the mean time, I will
1 fAnd, fince the late Union of the two King- proceed to the Places', which is a fubject, that
Stat. 6 Ann
hath been made by I am more immediately concern'd
.

Provision in.
c 23. doms, fpecial

GADENI
 :

H73 II 74

K&

GADENIorLADENL
P iV *fo Ottadini, or Northumberland, bordered the r A & E N o I (Gadeni)
who, by the turning of one tetter upfide down, are called in feme Copies of Ptolemy
Ladeni, and were feated in the Country lying between the mouth of the River
131 Tweed and Edenborough- Frith, which is now cantoned into many fmaHerCoun-s Q h.Skene,ds
r^i tries. The principal of them are Teifidale, Twedale, Merch, and Lolhien,verhrum [ig-
in Latin Lodeneium, under which general name the Writers of the middle age n 'fc atiem -
> comprifed them all.

[But yet we muff

obferve, that it is a point not univerfally agreed on, that the
tijofe four Counties were called Gadeni and Ladeni.
People inhabiting For feme
are of opinion, that they are than thofe call'd (according to different Copies) Ottadini, Otta-
no other
deni, and Ottalini, and by that learned Gentleman Drummond of Hawthernden, Scottedeni
; upon
afuppcfftion that the initial letters Sc were probably either quite gone, or
fo obfcur'd as not to be legible ; by
which means the Tranfcriben might be drawn into an error. However, that they are to be carried farther
Northward than Northumberland (to which they have been hitherto confin'd) from Ptolemy'l
if plain
fixing that Curia (the place remarkable amottgjl them) in the fifty-ninth degree And in a
of latitude.
village in Mid-Lothian.caW Cutrie, there feem to be (lain remains
of the old Curia ; ai there are of
the Ottadeni, Scottedeni, &c. in Caer Eden, now called Carriden, in
Weft-Lothian, where was
found a Medal of Titus, Vefpalian in gold, with fome Roman Urns, and a Stone with the Head
of an
Eagle engraven upon it. Dun-Eden alfo, the ancient name of Edenburgh, feems to point out to us that
anient People, and to prove that their bounds extended as far as the water
of Eden, called yet by fome
Eden-witer. About the mouth whereof, at a place call'd Inner-Even, are
^« to be feenfome remains of
ancient buildings^]

T EIFI-DALE.
Eifidak, that is to fay, the Val- kinds, and of the beft broods in Scotland, both
ley or D*te by the River Tefy for largenefs and goodnefs. Nor does this
County want it's remains of Roman Antiquity
or Teviot, f(which divides that
part properly called Teviotdale,
for here are fome footfteps of their Encamp-
north and fouth)] lies ments ; and a military way runs from Hownam
into
next to England, amongft cliffs to Tweed, call'd the Roman Caufey, and by the
of craggy hills and rocks. It vulgar, the Rugged Caufey.
* So faid, is inhabited by a * warlike, people, who by rea- The Mountains moft eminent in it, are Co-
ann. i do/. foil of the frequent encounters between the
,kraw, from which there runs a tract of hills
cots an d Englifh in former ages, | were always w-fhvard, dividing Scotland from England;
+ Are, C. S and
very ready for fervice and fudden invasions, fit it is paffable only at fome places. There is an-
comprehends under it Lidefdale, Eufdale, and o:her traft of hills going from Harewell, which
Eskdale ; and is in length, from Reddinburn on Tin along to Craucrofs, being twelve miles ; and,
the eaft to Annandale on the weft, about thirty it the body of the Shire, are Rueburgh-Law,
miles, and in breadth, from the border to the Mfnto-hill, and Hadinton-biUs.
blue Cairn in Lawdermoor, about fourteen or They have the Regalities of Jedburgb-fore/i R.e%».\ki<iK
fifteen. It is a good foil, extraordinary well beonging to the Duke of Douglas
; the Re-
mix'd with Grafs and Corn, and water'd with ga.ity of Hawick, belonging to Bacleugh ; and
feveral rivulets which run into Tiot and Tweed. the Regality of Melrofs, in the perfon of
the
The Valleys abound with Corn, fhort of few Earl of Hadington.
Shires in North Britain for the goodnefs of the TheSheriffdom (for it is governed by a Sheriff)
grain ; To that great quantities of it are fre- is in a branch of the Houfe of Douglas, who are
quently tranfporred into South Britain. Free- hereditary Sheriffs. They have alio three Pref-
ftone and Lime they have in great abundance, byteries, "Jedburgh, Keljo, and Melrofs.']
1

The high grounds are furnifh'd with excellent Thefirft place wemeet with, is Jedburgh, aj
edb h>
grafs, and produce great ftore of cattel of all Borough pretty well inhabited
and frequented,
Hand-
H75 G ADEN I. Hj6
{landing near tlie confiuence of the Tejy and. Jed, its natural htuation, and tower'd fortifications,

from whence it takes its name; Tas it gives title was in times pall exceeding ftrong. Which be-
to the Laird of Fernherfi of the Family of Ker, ing furpriz'd and held by the Englifh ; while
created by King James the fixth Lord Jedburgh, King James the fecond of Scotland was be-
which Peerage was refigned in favour of Wil- iieging it, he was untimely {lain in the flower .

liam Lord Newbottle, eldeft Son to the then of his age, by a piece of Cannon that cafually
Earl, iince Marquis of Lothian; fo that (what burft; and was exceedingly lamented by all his
is peculiar to the Marquis of Lothian's fami- Subjects. The Cattle was furrendcr'd, and be-
ly) both the Father and Son are Peers.
Not ing moftly demolifh'd, is now fcarce to be feen.
ftnerum. far from whence, is Antrum, honour'd, in the [The Royalty alfo of this place is tranfmitted
reign of K. Charles the firft, by giving the title to Jedburgh, the chiet Burgh Royal of the Shire. 1
of Earl to Sir Robert Ker, of the family ot Fern- But the adjacent Territory (called from it the,, ff
, .

Sheriffdom^ of Roxhrough) hath an hereditary RoxboroiSh.

herfi ; of whom the Earl
of Lothian is defcended ;_
*

Teviot. as Teviot Was alfo dignify'd by giving the title of Sheriff of the family of Douglafs, who is called-Hereditary
Earl to Lieutenant General Thomas Rotherford, in the Sheriff of Teviotdale- And* afterwards i^ox-Sheriffs.

the reign of King Charles the fecond, who had borough, by the favour of King James the fixth,* Now *-. >

J was alfo made a Barony,

before been advanced by the faid Prince to the in the perfon of Robertx j s q,

title of Lord Rutherford ; with the remarkable Kerr, of the houfe ot the A'etr;, a very eminent
Privilege of affigningthaz honour to whomfoever and numerous family in this trad from which ;

he fhould name at his death ; which he accord- defcended the Fernherfls, and others, who be-
ingly devifed by Will to Thomas Rutherford of ing educated in the fchool of Arms, have ren-
Hunthill. Afterwards, in the reign ot King der'd themfelves very illuftrious. fThe faid
James the feventh, Teviot gave the title ot Vif- Robert was created, firft, Lord Ker of Cesfordy
count to Robert Lord Spencer, eldeft Son of upon his attending K.James the fixth in the year
Robert Earl of Sunderland, in England ; and, 1603, to take poflefT^n of the Crown of Eng-
after that, to Sir Thomas Livingftoun, in the land; and afterv.-rds in the year 1616. Earl of
reign of King William the third,"! Roxburgh ; whofe defcendant, John, Earl of
Maihos. Then, Maihos, a very ancient Monaftery, Roxburgh, one of the Principal Secretaries of
where, in the infancy of the Church, were Monks State, and a perfon of great Honour, Merit,
of thatantient inftitution, who gave themfelves and Fidelity to his Prince and Country, hath
to prayer, and earn'd their living with the la- been advanced to the higher title of Duke of
bour of their hands; [which holy King David Roxburgh.
reflor'd and replenifli'd with Ciftercian Monks.l In the fifth year of the reign of Queen Anne,
More Eafhvard, where the Tiuede and the Tejy the Lord Henry Scot, fecond Son of James Duke
Roxburgh, join, is Ros burg, called alfo Roxburgh, and in of Monmouth, was advane'd to the dignity of Lord
antient times Marchidun, from its being feated Scot of Goldy-linds, Vifcount of Hermitage, and
in die Marches; where ftands a Cattle, that by Earl of Delorain ; all in the Diftrict of Roxburgh^

* Camden
joins this to
Teijidalt.
r* TWEDALE or PEBLES.
Shire of Peebles, or Twee- rough Royal, and the head
Burrough of the
1 HE
from the river, County ; feated in a pleafant plain on the
fide
dale, is fo call'd
ftately bridge of five arches
Tweed, which runs eaft, the of the riverj with a
Church.l It had|| HaUi, C.
whole length of the Shire, and over the Tweed, and a fine
]j

Sheriff Baron TEarl of Tweedale,

for the moil part with a fwift for its
Tefter,

on the who fold his Eftate in that Shire, and the

ftream. It is bounded
eafl; with Etrkk foreft ; on the
Sheriffship, to his Grace the Duke of Queenf-
bury. As to Antiquity ; the place called Ran-Rmm's
fouth with parf of the foreft of St. Mary Lot _
(ii/i's-trenches feems to have been a Romantrenchss.
and Amiandale; on the weft with the overward
part ol Camp; and there is a Caufey leads from it, for
of Clidefdale; and on the north with
Caldermoor, the head of Nortli-Esk,
and Mid- half a mile together, to the town of Lym. In
lhire, Sir John Stewart, Laird of Traquair,
Lothian. In length it is twenty fix miles, and this
was by K. Charles the firft created Lord Stewart
where broadeft does not exceed fixteen. In
of Traquair, and in the year 16J3. was advanced
which compafs are feventeen Parilh-Churches,
Presbytery, The Presbyter* to the higher honour of Earl of Traquair.1
that make up a call'd

The Country is generally iv!e\\i. Next wPeUes is Selkirk, a Sheriffdom, calledselkirk.

of Pebles.
otherwife The Sheriffdom of Etrick foreft, becaufo
with hills, many of which are green and graft*,
it was wholly covered with Woods,
with pleafant .and fertil valleys between, wdl formerly
were well furniih'd with Harts, Hinds,
watered and adorned with Gentlemen's houfes. which
Deer, but now they are in great
Their grain is generally oats and barley ; aid and Fallow
as for planting, they have little of it, except
meafure deftroyed. On
the north, it is bound-

the Gentry.! ed partly by Tweedale, and partly by the Rega-

about the houfes of
obferv'dl runs lity of Stow in Mid-Lothian ;
on the eaft and
Tweed aforefaid fas natn been
Tweedale.
fouth by and on the weft, partly by
through the middle of this Valley or Dale,
"tetiiotdale ;
'

and partly by Anmndale. It is very

which takes its name from it ; abounding Teviotdale,
This near Quadrangular, and the Diameter every
in Iheep, whofe Wool is much priz'4.
River ; which, having t its way about fixteen miles. The Inhabitants hav»
t AtTweei is a very noble
i

generally ftrong bodies, being fober and frugal

Crois. fource among the hills more inwardly to the
in their diet; and living moftly by feeding of
Weft, runs in a ftrcight Chanel by Drimlar- fupport,
whereby they do npt only
Ftbki. Caftle; mi by Pdles, a Market-Town, fa Bur- Cattle :

#PVi
ii77 MERCH, or MERS. 1178
themfelves, but maintain a good Trade in Eng- it is Thirleftan, where John Maitland, * Chan-ThirMan.
The of Scotland (for his lingular prudence (
ta S '^"
land with their Woall, Sheep, Cows, &c. cellor
c
chitf Town of this Sheriffdom is] Selkirk fwhich and wifdom, created by King James the lixth '

hath a weekly market, and feveral Fairs. It is Baron of Thirleflan,) t had a very beautiful feat ; f Hath, C.
the head Burgh of the Shire, and the Seat of fadorned, of late years, with Avenues, Pavi-
the Sheriff and Commiffary Courts ; it is alfo lions, Out-Courts, and other beauties required

a Burgh-Royal, and! hath a Sheriff out of the to the making of a compleat feat, by his Grace
Family of Murray of Falahill, Tan ancient Fa- the Duke of Lauderdale. John his fon was
Lauderdale, and after-
mily defigned of Philip faugh, famous for the de- created Vifcount oi
feat of the Army of the great Marquis of Mon- wards Earl of
Lauderdale by King James the
being Secretary of
trofs. In the year 1S46. the Lord William fixth ; whofe fon, John,
fecond, was in the
Douglas, Son to the Marquis of Douglas, was State to King Charles the
created Earl of Selkirk, and having marry'd year 1572. created Duke of Lauderdale; with
Anna Dutchefs and Heirefs of Hamilton, he whom the title of Duke being
extinct, his bro-
Maitland fucceeded in the dignity
was advanc'd to the dignity of Duke of Hamil- ther Charles
ton by King Charles the fecond ; and did alfo. of Earl of
Lauderdale.']

in his life-time, by the favour of King James

Then the Tweed, increafed by the acceflion of
River Teviot beneath Roxburgh, watereth
the feventh, convey the title of Earl of Selkirk the
Sheriffdom of Berwick, which is moft of it
to Charles his fecond fon, now Earl of Sel- the
kirk.
the Eftate of the Humes, wherein rhe Head ot
At fome from hence, to the north' that Family now exercifeth the Jurifdiction of a
diftance
Bucleugt . weft, is Budeugh, which, in the reign of King Sheriff:
and then running under Berwick, the
lixth, gave the title of Baron, and *beft fortified Town in
Britain (of which I'J /^'
James the
afterwards of Earl, to the ancient family of have already fpoken)
with a prodigious plenty"""'
emptieth it felf into the Sea. TOf
Sat; and, in the reign of King Charles the fe- of Salmon, it
of Hume, Sir Patrick, in confide-
cond, the title of Dutchefs, to Anna daughter which family
his own great merit, and eminent
of Francis the lafl Earl, who was marry'd to ration of
Caufe agaillft the at-
James Duke of Monmouth (natural fon to Services to the Proteftant
by King Wil-
King Charles the fecond,) and alfo Duke of tempts of Popery, was advanced
Eucleugh ; whofe fecond fon, Lord Henry Scot, liam and Queen
Mary to the honour of Lord
of Polwarth, an ancient Barony in this
was in the fifth year of Queen Anne, advanc'd Polmarth
to the honour of Earl of Delorain.]
Tract ; and, a few years after, to the higher
The Twede receives the little river Lawder, honour of Earl of Marchmont.
upon which is Lauder, ia Royal Burgh and the In the year 1646'. John Hay, Lord Tefter,
feat of a Bailliary, belonging to the
Family of was created Earl ot Twedale whofe Son of :

Lauderdale, within the Sheriffdom of Berwick. the fame name was

Lord High Chancellor
Here, the late Duke of Lauderdale built a well- of Scotland,
and in the year 1694. was ad-
Church, confining of four vanced to the higher honour of Marquis ot
contrived handfom
Ifles, and a large Steeple in the middle.]
Near Twedale.]

MERC HI A, MERCH, or MERS.

\ERCH, which is next, and the Ocean. current is above fifty miles: in
It's

fo named becaufe it is a all it hath only two bridges;

which compafs
MareA-Cour.try, lieth wholly one at Pebles of five arches, and another at Ber-
upon the German Ocean. wick of fifteen. It had one at Melrofs ; the pil-
TAnd as it hath itsprefent lars whereof are yet Handing.
name from being the boun- The length ot this County is twenty miles,
dary or march between Eng- from Lamberton to Ridpeth on the fouth fide, and
land and Scotland ; fo was it alfo call'd Berwick- from Cockburns-path to Seeing-hill-kirk on the
jhire, becaufe the town of Berwick was for- north-fide. But take the length anglewife, it
which from Lamberton to Lauclugh, direct eaft and
merly the chief burrough thereof ; is

given away by King James the weft, twenty-four miles. It's bfeadth is about
was afterwards
foutteen miles ; whether you take it on
third upon capitulation, for redemption of
Alexander Duke of Albany. But (if we may the weft end, fouth-end, or middle of the
believe fome Scotch Authors) a name more an-
Shire.
It is divided into three parts, Mers, Lammer-
cient than either of thefe, was Ordolucia, and
that of the Inhabitants Ordolutu, a branch of moor,
and Lauderdale. The Mers is a pleafant
the Scottedeni. low ground, lying open to the influence of the
It is the fouth-caft Shire of all Scotland, bor- fun, and
guarded from ftorms by Lammermoor.
dering upon the fea ; and divided from Ber- So that the foil is fertil, and affords great
wheat, peafe, &c. with
wick by the Bound-rod ; and from Northum- plenty of oats, barley,
Lammermoor is a great tract Lammer-
berland, by the river Tweed, running between abundance of hay.
of the Shire, above moor,
them for about eight miles. This river is of hills on the north-fide
length, and fix at leaft in
one of the three that rife out of the fame fixteen miles in
tract of hills; Clide runs weft towards Dum breadth abounding with mofs and moor. The
;

four miles together, be-

barton ; Anand, fouth towards Solway-fands; and weft end of them, for
of it eaftward is
this, eaft, towards Berwick. It is of a fwift longs to Lauderdale the reft ;

courfe, environ'd with hills, running through almoft equally parted between Eaft-Lothian
Tweedale-ioK&, and Teviotdale, before it go into and Mers. The peculiar ufe of this trad, is
7 K pafa-

-.
1 179 GADENI. 1 1 80
paflurage in the iummer time, and the game it Cakijiream, a market town lying clofe upon Caldftream.
affords by the abundance of Partridge, Moor-fowl, Tweed. Greenlaw, a burgh of Barony, with Greenlaw,
Plover, &c. But the product of thefe parts is a weekly market. Fouldon, a large town. Roffe, R.offe.
not reckoned io good as of others, being gene- famous for its harbour and plenty of fifh. Aton,
rally fold at a lower rate. Lauderdale is a trad: Situate upon the water of Ey. White-coat, White-coat,
ot ground lying on each fide of the water ot where is a harbour for herring-filhing.
Leider, abounding with pleafant haughs, green Sir James Douglas, Second Son to WiUiam Lord Mar-
hills,.-Mid ionic woods veil ftor'd alfo with Earl of Angus, marrying Anne, only daughter dington.
j

corn and paSturage. and heir ot Lawrence Lord Oliphant, was by

Judicatories, The Judicatories in this Shire are; 1. The King Charles the firfl created Lord Mttdingtm*
Sheriff-Court, which fits at the town of Duns. with precedency of the Peerage of Oliphant.
a. Tne Com miliaria t, which fits at Lauder. At St. Germams, the Templars, and after
3. The Regality of Thirlftm, belonging to the them the Knights of Rhodes and Malta had a
Earl ot Lauderdale. 4. The Regality of Prefects Refidence.
and Foreft ot Dye, belonging to the Marquis of About Baftcnrig on the eaSt-hand, and the Baflenrig,
Douglas. 5. The Lordfliip of Coldingham and Mori/Ions and Mellerfioun downs on the weft,
Stewarty of March, belonging to the Earl of they frequently take the Dotterel, a rare Fowl, Dotterel.
Hume; who is Sheriff, and has his refiden.ee at towards the latter end of April and beginning
Hirfell.'} of May."]
Hume-caftle Here Hume-Caflle firfl prefents it {elf, the an- But Merch is much more celebrated in Hi- Earls of
cient poileflion ot the Lords of Home ox Hume; Story for its Earls, than Places; who were re- Merch.
who being defcended from the Earls of Merch, nown'd for their Martial Courage. They were
have fpread numerous and the deScendants of Gofpatrick Earl of Northum-
themfelvcs into a
noble fam y t i 1 . O
which, Alexander Hume, berland, who, after being driven out of his
who was before Primier Baron of Scotland, and Country by William the Conqueror, was en-
* Lately, C. Sheriff ot Berwick, was * advanced, by 'James tertain'd by Malcohn Conmer, that is, Great-head,
the firfl King oi Great
Britain, to the title of King of Scotland, and honoured by him with
Earl Hume. Earl of Hume-. TBut the Cattle was demolished DwK/W-Caftle and the Earldom of Merch. His
by the Englifh in the late Wars.1 Below this PoSterity, befides very large poilclTions in Scot-
Kclfo. lieth Keljo, formerly famous for a Monaflery land, held (as appears by an o!d Inquisition)
founded by King David the firft, with thirteen the Barony of Bengeley in Northumberland, on
more tor the propagation of God's glory, but, condition that they Should be Liborrow and Ut-
;

in the confequence, to the great impairing of the borrovj, between England and Scotland. What
Crown-Lands: fThis is a Burgh of Barony, and the meaning ftiould be of thefe terms, let others
a large beautiful Town.l gueSs; what my conjecture is, I have told you »n Northum-
""
Coldingliam, Thence we have a proSpcct of Coldingham, already. But in the reign of King James the* 3 berland at
-

called by Bede Coldana, and Coludi urbs, perhaps firSt fof Scotland,! George of Dunbar, Earl ofp"^""'
Colania. the Colania of Ptolemy ; and, many Agcsfmce, a Merch, by authority of Parliament, and upon
famous Ho uSe of Nuns, whofe ChaStity is re- account of his Father's Rebellion, loft the pro-
corded in ancient Writings, for their cutting
off (together with Elba their Priorefs) their
KofeS and Lips; chuling to fecure their Vir-
ginity from the Danes, rather than preferve
their Beauty: but they, notwithstanding that,
burnt them, together with their Monaflery.
Hard by, is Faft-caftle, Theretofore] belonging to
the Hmties ; fo called from its Strength, and Si-
tuated near the Promontory of S- Ebbe, who.
being the daughter ot Edelfrid King of Nor-
thumberland, when her Father was taken Pri-
soner, Seized a Boat in the Humber, and paffing
along the tempeftuous Ocean, landed in Safety
here, and became famous for her Sanctity, and
left her name to the place. fBehdes theSe,
there are in this Shire, Duns, a Burgh of Ba-
rony, Standing upon a rifing ground in the
midft of the Shire. Every Wednefday, it has a
great market of Sheep, Korfes, and Cows ; and
Vide Nor- by fome the birth-place of Joannes Duns
is reputed
thumberland, Scotus. Eymouth, the only port in the Shire for
p. 1095- Shipping; which was fortified by the French in
,
Eymoutn.
Queen Mary's minority ; and from which place,
Colonel John Churchill, afterwards Duke of
Marlborough in England, was created by King
Charles the Second, Lord Churchil of Eymouth,
Erfilton or Earlftown, famous for the birth of
'Thomas Lermouth, called 'Thomas the Rymer.
priety and poffeffion of the Earldom of Merch, and
the Seigniory of Dunbar. And when he proved
by undeniable Evidence, that his Father had H34-
been pardoned that fault by the Regents of the
Kingdom, he was anSwered, that it was not in
the Regents power to pardon an offence againft
the State ; and that it was provided by the
Laws, that the Father's tranSgreffion fhould
Succeed to the Children, left at any time being
Heirs to their Father's RafhneSs as well as
Efiate, they Should, out of a vain opinion of
their power, plot againSt their Prince and Coun-
try. The Title of Earl of Merch was after-
wards, amongft other honourable titles, con-
fer'd on Alexander Duke of Albany. And in
our | memory, this Title of honour wasreviv'd + So faid,
in Robert the third, Brother of Matthew Earl anr * l6o 7>
of Lenox, who being from Bifhop of Cathnefs
made Earl of Lenox, foon after refigned that
Title to his Nephew (created Duke of Lenox,)
and received of the King, by way of recom-
pence, the name and Stile of Earl of Merch.
\ But he dying without ifrue, the title of Earl
of Merch lay vacant, till it was confer'd on the
Lord William Douglas, Second Son of WiUiam
firfl: Duke of Queensberry, by King William
the third."!

LAUDEM,
 1182
u8i

LAUDEN, otLOTRIEN.
This abundantly furnifhed with ail
OTHIEN, called alfo Lauden,< tract is
PiStS, neCeflaries producing a great deal of corn of all
and anciently, from the I
i

ihoots out from forts, and affording good pafture for

cattle. It
PiUIand ;
~
as the Scottiftl has very much coal and lime-ftone,
as alfo a
Me-ah as far
Sea, or the Frith, having many fort of foft black
marble ; and fome few miles
they
hills, and little wood; but from Edinburgh, near the water of Leith,
for its excellent Corn-lands, have a Copper-mine.
of the People, fas alfo for the The Shire of Linlithgow, call'd Weft-Vt ttUMtA-
md the civility an -
Seats of the Nobility Lothian, takes its name from Linlithgow, the
number of Towns, and
diftinguilhed, above any head burgh and has on the north the Forth,
id Gentry,! is it
and is divided from Md-Lothm towards the
County in Scotland. About the year of our
fouth and eaft by the waters of Almond and
873 Ed-ar King of England (between
of Scotland, \Breichwaler : to the north-weft, it meets with
w horn and Keneth the third, King
the Danes the part of Stirtingfbire, and to the weft with part
of
there was a ft rift alliance againft
Clidefdale It is in length fourteen miles, and in
common Enemy) religned up his right in this
breadth about nine It aftordsgreatplentyof Coal
Zthian to him, as Matthew Florilegus tells us ;
He be- Lime-llone, and White Salt ; and in the reign of
and ' toti-himthecloftrtohislntereft,
upon him many Houfis in the way, wherein
/lowedi U£—
King James the finh, a Giver Mine was found in
their aiming to the out of which they got a great deal of filver.1
both he and his Succejfors, in
might be In this Lothian, the firft place that prefents it
Kings of England, and return homewards,
the fecond's time, felt' on the Sea-fhore is Dunbar,
a Caltle in an-Dunbar.
entertained; which, till King Henry
Scotland. eient times very ftrongly fortify 'd (the feat of
remained in the hands of the Kings of
part of Lammermoor, the Earls of Merch
before-mentioned, thence
Tit hath Mas to the eaft ;

and commonly called Earls of Dunbar) and often Earlsof Dun-

and part of Lauderdale, with the Foreft, b "'
fouth; part of Clidefdale and taken by the Englifh, and recovered by the
Tweedale, to the
the Scots. But in the year 1567. it wasdemolifh'd
Stirlingfhire to the weft, and to the north
It is in length from CocUurns- by
order of the States, to prevent its being a
Firth or Forth.
Shire of Clidefdale, retreat for Rebels. King James, in the
fath in the eaft, to the
year 15 15. conferr'd the title and honour of
about fifty feven miles ; and where it is broad-
and feventeen miles over. Earl of Dunbar, upon Geo. Hume,
tor his ap-
eft, between fixteen
Trafts, call'd proved Loyalty ; whom he had created before
It 'is divided into three
diftinct
Baron Hume of Berwick, to him, his Heirs, and®*™" Home
Eaft-Lothian, Mid-Lothian, and Weft-Lothian. °f
Conftablery or Shire of Affigns. f After which, the fameKingcollferr'dthe™ r*Jj™
F.n"' L
Lothian Eaft-Lothian or the
til
°
(fo called from Hadington, one of dignity ofVifcount of Dunbar upon Sir Henry Con-
Hadington
feat of the Courts) ftable, an Englifh Gentleman, whofe heirs do at
the thtee Burghs-Royal, and Dunglas;
is in length about
twenty two, and in breadth prefent enjoy it. Not far from hence, isDunglas, a
on pleafant feat on the fea-coaft, which formerlybe-
about twelve miles, bounded by the Firth
of hills called longed to the Earls of Hume. In the time of the
the north and eaft, by a tract
Wars, a garriion was kept there by the
Lammermoor on the fouth, and by Mid-Lothian Civil
Earl of Hadington, for the Army ; who (with
on the weft. It abounds with corn of all
with fome thirty Knights and Gentlemen of the name of
forts, and has good ftore of grnfs ;

Hamilton, befides feveral other conliderable per-

conliderable woods, as Preftmennan, Colftan, Humble,
and Ormtftan ; and abundance of Coal, and fons) perilhed in the ruins of this houfe. For
It has good ftore of Sheep, espe- it was
designedly blown up in the year 1640, by
Lime-ftone.
cially towards the hills of
Lammermoor, and by Nathaniel Paris an Englifhman, one of his own
part to the fervants, while the Earl was reading a Letter in
weft Lammerlaw : and from the weft
fea all along to the eaft, it
abounds with Co- the Court, which he had then received from the
wherein much Army, with all the Gentlemen about him. On-
nies. It hath many Salt-pans,
four, of the whole Company, efcaped, who
white Salt is made ; and at New-Milns there is ly
a conliderable manufactory of
Broad-cloth. The by the force of the powder were thrown to a
fea-coaft is accommodated with many conve- great diftance from the houfe. It hath been
feveral fince repaired, and adorned by Sir John Hall,
nient harbours, and has the advantage of
curious Gardens, fpacious Courts, and
Fiiriery-towns ; particularly, at Dumbar, and on with
after Lammas large and pleafant Avenue. They had
the coaft thereabout, every year
is a Herring-fifhing, where they take great here a Collegiate Church, a goodly large build-
Inhabitants, but nd vaulted but it is now ruinous. Along
numbers, not only to ferve the
;

exportation. the Coaft, to Dunbar, is a pleafant Country,

alfo for
Mid-Lothi- The Sheriffdomof Edinburgh, commonly the molt fruitful in the Kingdom, efpecially in
""• the principal Shire of the King- Wheat and Barley. South-eaft of Dunbar afore-
Mid-Lothian, is
is Dunhill, memorable for the victory ob- Dunhilt.
dom; and is in length twenty or twenty one faid,
according tained over the Scotch Army under Lejly, by a
Sept. 3. 165s.
miles; the breadth of it is different
handful of men (and thofe too but fickly) un-
to the feveral parts, in fome fixteen or feventeen
On
the der the command of Cromwell. Which mifcar-
miles, in others not above five or fix.
Sheriffdom of Ha- riage (if fome ingenuous perrons, who were
foutfC it is bounded with the
onthe eaft with the Bailliary of Lauder- the Action, may be believed) was rather
dington;
the treachery of great men, than the
dale ;on the fouth with the Sheriffdom of Twe- owing to
bravery of the Enemy.l
dale; on the fouth-weft with the Sheriffdom of conduct or
Lanerick, and on the weft by the faid
Sheriffdom Hard by Dunbar, the little fever Tine, after
;

courfe, falleth into the Sea ; near the

on the north-weft with the Sheriffdom of Lin- a fhort
lithgow ; and on the north w ith the Firth or Forth
fource whereof ftands Tefter, which hath itsYefter,
Baron
 ; j;

1183 G ADEN I. 1184.

Baron of the Family of the Hays Earls of Ar- ther, extended to a mighty breadth. Ptole-
roll, who is like wife hereditary Sheriff of the my calls it Boderia ; Tacitus, Bodotria, from its Bodotria.
Territory of Twedale, or Peblis. [This
Uttle depth, as I conjecture ; the Scots, the Forth and
place hath been extraordinarily improv'd and Frith ; we, Edenborough-Frith ; others, Mare Fre-
beautiHed with planting and enclofing.l fuum, and Mare Scoticum and the Eulogium,
;

Upon the fame rivulet, fome few miles high- Morwiridh. [Patrick Ruthven, General to King
Hadington.er, in a large plain, lies Hadington or Hadifta, Charles the firfl (having been firfl created Lord

fortified by theEnglifh with a deep and large
ditch, and a four-fquare turf-wall without;
alfo four bulwarks at the four corners, and as
many more upon the Inner wail. It was va-
liantly defended by Sir George Wilford an En-
Eftrick, from the name of a Rivulet) was created
Earl of Forth; which tide was extinct in
him.~)
Upon the Frith, after you are paft TantaUon,
are feated, firfl North Berwick, anciently famous

glifhman, againfl Monfieur Dejfie, who fiercely for a Nunnery ; and then Dirhon, which for-
Dirlton.
attack'd it with ten thoufand French and Ger- merly belong'd to the eminent family of the
mans till the Plague growing hot and lcffening
; Hah burtons ; and * afterwards by the favour of* Now C.
the garrifon, Henry Earl of Rutland came with King James the fixth, f gave the title of Baron Gives
f C.
a great Army and rais'd the fiege, and having
'
to Thomas Ereskine Captain of his Guards ; as
levell'd the Works, conduced the Englifh home, Fenton, hard by, Hgave the Honourable Title of
Gives, c. jj

And King James the fixth brought into the
number of the Nobility of Scotland Sir John
Ramfey, as a reward of his Loyalty and Va-
• Vmdex. lour RIGHT HAND being * the DE-
( his
FENDER OF HIS PRINCE AND COUN-
TRY, in that horrid Confpiracy of the Gowries)
VLfcouns Ha- under the honourable title of Vifcount Hading-
dington. ton. [It was afterwards erefted into an Earl-
dom in the perfon of Stir Thomas Hamilton (a
Gentleman of great honour and wealth) in the
Vifcount to the fame perfon ; who was the firfl Fenton/
that had the flile and dignity of a Vifcount in Vifcount
Scotland, f Afterwards, Sir James Maxwel was
Fenton*
created by the fame King Lord Elbotleand Earl
of Dirlton. Upon which coaft, is Belhwuen, Belhayen.
dignifiedby giving the title of Vifcount to a
Gentleman of the name of Douglas, and (that
honour being extinct) the title of Lord, to Sir
James Hamilton, in the reign of King Charles
the firft.l

reign of King Jamt s the fixth ; he exchanging Over againflthefe, inthefea, near the fhore,
that title for his other of Earl of Melros.~\ lies the Bafs, an Ifland which rifes as it were
T i, e R. a rs

Of this Hadington, J. Johnfton hath thefe in one continued craggy rock, inacceffible on
Verfes every fide yet it has upon it a Fort, a foun-
;

tain, and pafture-g rounds but is fo hollow'd

;

and undermin'd by the waves, that it is aim oft

Planities pnztenfa jacet prope fiumina Tina, wrought through. What prodigious flights of
Fluminis arguti clauditur ifia finu. fea-fowl, efpecially of thofe Geefe which they
Vulcani &
Mortis qua pa/fa incendia, fati call Scouts and Soland-Geefe, do at certain times Scouts.
Ingemit alterno i/ulnere fraBa vices. flock hither (for by report, their number is fo Solani-Gcefc,
Nunc tandem fapit iBa. Dei pracepta fe- great as to darken the Sun at Noon-day ;) what wfl ' ch rcem
cuta multitudes of Fifh thefe Geefe bring (fo as one ry *
£^£jj
Prajidio gattdet jam pottore Polu hundred Soldiers in Garrifon here, liv'd upon
no other provifion but the frefh fifh brought
hither by them, as they report;) what quantities
Near Tine's fair ftream a fpatious plain i of flicks they convey for the building of their
fhown, ncfls (fo that by their means the inhabitants
Tine's circling arms embrace the haplefs are abundantly provided with firing;) what vaft
town : profit alfo their feathers and oyl bring in : Thefe
Where Mars&nd fiery Vulcan reign 'd by turns are things, fo incredible, as no one can well
With fatal rage, whofe dire effects fhe believe, but he who has feen them. fThis Gar-
mourns. rifon ot the Bafs having flood out long againfl
By fad experience now at laft grown wife, King William the third, and at laft furrender'd
She flights their fury and their power defies. the fortifications thereof were order'd to be
Contemns the dangers that before file flighted.!
fear'd, Then, as the fhore draws back, Seton appears, $eton.
And refls fecure when mighty Heaven's her which feems to take its name from the fituation Sea-town.
guard. upon the Sea, and hath given name to the Ho-
nourable Houfe of the Setons, defcended from an
Englifh Family, and the filler of King Robert
Atlwlftan- A little way from Hadington, ftands Athel- Bruce of which the Marquifs of Huntley, Robert
;

iord, ftanford, fo named from Athelflany an Englifh Earl of Wintoun, and Alexander Earl of Dum-
Commander, who was flain there with his fermling (all advane'd to honours by King James
men, about the year 815; but, that this was the fixth) t were Branches. [This, together with * Are c
Athelfian the Warlike King of the Weft-Saxons, Wintoun, another Seat of the Earls of Wintoun
mull: be utterly denied, if we have any regard Brockfmouth, the chief refidence of the Duke of Brock ftnouth.
to the time, or manner of his Death. TFrom Roxburgh; znATiningham, the refidence of the Teifidale. *"»<*•

Ellibank, in this trad, Patrick Murray, was, Earl of Hadington are the moil confiderable Tin ™ng han>-
;

for his approved Loyalty, advanced to the ho- Seats in this Country.!
nour of Lord Ellibank, by King Charles the Then, the River Esk is difcharged into the
firft.l Frith; having run by Borthwic (which * had its Borthwic
Above the Mouth of the Tine, upon the dou- Barons fo firnamed, of Hungarian extraction, * Hath, C.
Tantallon. bling of the fhore, flands TantaUon Caftle ; from [but now extinct;]) by Newbottle, that is, the Newbottle.
whence Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, gave new building, formerly a little Monaftery, and
great di'fturbance to James the fifth, King of fafterwardsmadeaBarony,in the perfon of Marki Now, C.
Scotland. Here, by the winding of the fhores Ker; by Dalkeith, heretofore a pieafant feat of H Lately, C.
\\

DaUteith
on both fides, room is made for avery noble Arm the Earls of Morton, Tbut now belonging to the
*

of the Sea, well furnifh'd with Iflands; and, by Dutchefs ofBucleugh; from whence her eldeft
the influx of feveral rivers, and the tides toge- Son takes the title of Earhl and by Mujfelbo- Maflelbo-
rough, rough.
 8 . : ; ;

1
5
LOTHIEN. 1 1 86
(upon Edward Seymour This City, in regard of its high fituation,
rough below which
with a the goodnefs ofthe air, and fertility of the foil,
Duke of Somerfet's entnng Scotland
the performance fo many Seats ofthe Nobility lying round it,
powerful Army, to challenge
marrying Mar, Queen o its being water'd with excellent Springs, and
of Articles for the
King ot England,) reaching from Eaft to Weft a mile in length,
Scotland to Ed-ward the fixth
difmal Day to the youth and half fo much in breadth ; is, upon thefe
there happened a moil of
Scotland; who fell there accounts, juftly efteem'd the Metropolis
of the noble Families of and
the whole Kingdom. It is ftrongly walled,
in great numbers. .,'.-. . - .
^

buildings,
pafs by an Infcription, which as adorned with publick and private
I muft not
and well peopled and frequented, for the ad-
perfon, informs us in his
J Napier, a learned vantage of the Sea, which the neighbouring
Commentaries on the Apocalyps, was dug up
Toung Port at Leith affords. And as it is honoured
here and which the eminent Sir Peter facred
Tutor, did with the King's refidence, fo is it the
Knight, King James the fixth's
repofitory of the Laws, and the chief Tribunal
thus more truly delineate.
ot Juftice. For the high Court of Parliament
* C,
was generally held here for the making and Is,

repealing of Laws as the Seffion, and the

APOLLINI ;

GRANNO Court of the King's Juftice, and of the Commif-

fariat (of which I have already fpoken,) are
Q. LV S I V S
SABINIA alfo fettled in this place. On the Eaft fide,
ftands the
N VS adjoyning to Holy-Reod-Monaftery,
by King David the
PROC. Royal Palace, built firft

A VG. over which, within a Park well ftor'd with

*V.S.S. LV.M. Deer, Conies, and Hares, hangs a mountain,
UmmfuS-
eptumfolvit called Arthur's Chair, from Arthur the Britain.
\ubens merito. the Weft fide, there mounts up a rock to a
On
this Apollo Gramas Was,
and whence he mighty height, fteep and inacceffible on all
Who
to the belt fides but that which looks towards the City ;
had that name, no one Antiquary,
told us. But it 1, upon which ftands a Caftle, fo ftrongly fortified
of my knowledge, has ever
one of the lowed fourm,
may give my fentl- with a great number of Towers, that it is
Grannus amongtt look'd upon as impregnable. This, the Bri-
ments I fhould fay that ApoBo
fame with the Grecian tains called Caftle Myned Agned, and the
Scots
the Romans, was the
that long-lock d.
^, Forln- the Maidens Caftle, and the Virgins Caftle, be-
a™»« »«.?«>*»<•> Goths, Granm. caufe the Maiden-Princeiles of the Blood-Royal
dore calls the long hair of the
bufinefs. of the Picts were kept here ; and the fame may,
Eut this maybe reckon'd foreign to my
is Cranfton, the Seat of really, be look'd upon as the Caftrum Alatum,
Cranfton. \ In thele parts,
to whom, by or Winged Caftle, abovementioned. TBut to
a Family of the fame name ;
it gave fpeak of this place as particularly
as it deferves.
the favour of King James the
fixth,
onthefea- The firft building of a Fort here, feems to
Preaoun. the title of Lords Cranfton ; Preftoun,
fide, from which Sir Richard Graham had the have given Rife to the town, and to have en-
of Vifcount conferr'd upon him by
King couraged the neighbours to fix-under the pro-
title
Dalhoufc. Charles the fecond ; the Cattle of Dalhoufte, be- tection of it. So that the houfes and inhabi-
created tants by little and little increaiing, it is brought
longing to the ancient family of Ramfay,
Lords Ramjay, and by down to the very foot of the aicent toward the
by King James the fixth
and is become an entire Scotch mile in
King Charles the firft honoured with the title eaft,
Edenborough, length, and half of it in breadth. The afcenc
of Earls of Dalbmpe: and nigh to
Marchiltoun. t (, e Cattle of Marchiftoun, which bflong'd to the upon
which the City ftands, has on the north-
Napers, of whom Sir Archibald Naper
was crea- fide a pool call'd the North-Loch, and was for-
ted Lord Naper in the reign of
King Charles merly guarded by another on the fouth, call'd
South-Loch ; as appears from the leafes of
alio, from Oxenford, in Eaft-Lothian, the
n«i>fbrd ' the firft :

houfes of S. Ninian's Row, which are let

Sir James Macgill had the title of Vilcount con- fome
ferr'd upon him by King Charles the fecond with the privilege of a Boat annex'd. But this
many years ago and upon the banks
James Primrofe was created by Queen is drain'd
;
and Sir
built two feveral tracts of houfes.
Anne Lord Primrofe of Caftlefield and Vifcount of it are
Lord Prim- Gates, the principal whereof,
Primrofe.
The City has fix
role. .
._,,., „ , ,-,
was magnificently rebuilt in the
Edcnbo- Lower, near the Scottish Frith, ftands Eden- to the eaft,
Dun-Eaden, year 1616, and adorned with Towers on
both
rouab. trough, called by the Irifh-Scots
that is, Eaden Town, which, without doubt,
is fides. Two ftreets run along, the whole length
of the town. The High-ftreet from the Caftle
the fame that Ptolemy calls irestrinh, nitwit,
For Edenborough to the Abby (faid to be the broadeft in Eu-
that is, the winged Cattle.
of late years built of hewen ftone
tonnes' the fame as Winged Caftle, Adain
in rope) is

and fo Edenborough by an Aft of the Town-Council, they

the Britifh denoting a Wing ; fince,

(from a word compounded of

the Britilh and were prohibited to build any more of Timber
either in the City or Suburbs, upon account of
Saxon Tongue) is nothing elfe but the Winged
happened.
Borough. From W^rtherefore we are to derive its the many Fires which had
name ;which may be done, either from thofe About forty years ago, the Magistrates were
beft fprings
Squadrons of 'horie call'd Wings, or from thofe at great expence to bring one of the
the Greek Architefts call Pteromata, of Scotland into the City which they did by ;
Wings which
miles
walls fo riling leaden Pipes, from a Hill at above three
that is (as Vitruvius tells us) two
And to make it more convenient,
up with the fame height, that they bear a refem- diftance.
a certain they have erected feveral (lately Fountains in
blance of Wings. For want of thefe,
the middle of the High-ftreet, to ferve the town
City of Cyprus was anciently (as we read in the
Geographers) called Aptera, that is, Winglefs. with
water.

But if any one has a mind to believe, that it took

As the private Buildings, fo much more the
greatly exceed thofe in other parts of B ^y ingJ ;
the name from Ebrauk a Britain, or from Hah publick do
I fhall North-Britain. In the middle of the City,
is St.
a Pift, let him enjoy his own fancy ;

Giles's Church, a Cathedral, built of hewn ftone, Churches.

not oppofe him.
7 L and
n8; G AD EN I.
1 83
and adorned with [tone-pillars and vaultings. It is, erected, John Bothwel (one of the
t honourable
fo large.as to be divided into three Churches, each jperions
Gre)'-Fri '"•
whereof has
whereot its Parifh.Befides this, they
who
™„„ him
thev have England) had confer'd upon
the South-Church, in the Church-yard of which, title ot
u:_ the ™M
attended King Tame the fixth to
ftyle nd
Lord of Holy-rud-houfe ; which honour
ambngir. many other monuments, is that of the is now
extinct:.
learned Sir George Mdckemy. Thelriwe-Church, Here is alio a College ofjufliee, which hath
its College r
built in 1641 The Collegiate Church of the Dean ot faculty. They try
:

their Intr.mts, orH«e.

Sacred Trinity, built by Mary of Gueldres, King Candidates,
and have a Library well furnillied
James the fecond's Queen The Lady Tefter's with Books of Law and HiUory.
:

Church, built andendow'd by one of the Lady This City was further honour'd by
Teflers: and another very beautiful one, built Charles
King Bilhop's See.
the firft, by erefting it into an Epif-
not many years ifince; To thefe, we muft add 1 See in the year s6
two Chapels, St. Magdalen's and St. Mary's, "J* 3} ; the Bifliop' of
which was made Suffragan to the Archbifhop
with another at the foot of the Canon-gate. of
St. Andrews, and to take place
of the Bifb.jp of
Hofpitsls. Next to thefe, we are to mention the Hofpi- Dunkeld.
tals; viz,. St. Thomas's and Heriot's Hofpital.
King Charles the fecond did likewife ered
In the foil, the poorer fort of Inhabitants are Edinburgh at
a College of Phyficians, giving
maintained very liandfomly, and have their own by Patent under them
the Great Seal, an ample
proper Chaplain. The fecond (fo called from nfdiction within this City and Ju-
the Liberties
the founder George Heriot, Jeweller to King thereof, and
appointing the Judicatures to con-
James the lixth) is a ftately Fabrick, like a Pa- cur to the execution
of their Decreets. By a
lace. In the inner Frontifpiece, is erefted the latter Grant, they
have the faculty of profeffing
Statue of the Founder ; and round about thi Phyfick.
They have their Conferences once a
houies are pleafant Gardens, adorned with month for
the improvement of Medicine and
large Walks and Greens. It is a Nurfery for have begun to
ereft a Library.!
Boys; wherein the children of the poorer Citi- How Edenborough, by the viciffitudes of war
zens, to the number of a hundred and up- has been
fubject, fbmetimes to the Scots
wards, have their education, till they be fit for fometimes to and
the Saxons (who inhabited this
the publick Schools and Colleges. Eafteru parr of Scotland) till it became
wholly
Parliament- Nearthe Cathedral-Church, is the Parliament- under the Dominion of
the Scots.about the year
Houfe. houfe ; with other rooms adjoyning for the ot our Lord
960, when the Englifh Empire, ter-
Seflior], and above flairs for the Exchequer, &c. ribly
weaken 'd by the Danifh Wars, lay as it
It Hands in a great Court, which on one lide is were expiring:
How likewife (as it is in an
enclofed with the upper and lower Exchange, old Book Ojthe
Divifion of Scotland, in the Li-
and with a tracf of very ftately buildings. Here brary of the Right
Honourable the Lord Bur-
is one of the higheft houfes perhaps in the leigh, * Lord High-Treaforer
of England) in * ,.„
world, mounting feven ftories above the Par- the Reign oj Indulph, c
Eden-To™ was t quitted, Va J„,^ .

liament-Court; and, being built upon the de- and is abandoned to

the Scots to thisprefent day ; and
fcent of a hill, the back-part is as much below what different
turns of fortune it felt after-
it; fo that, irom the bottom to the top, one wards: Thefe
things, the Hiftorians relate at
flair-cafe afcends fourteen ftories high. In the large, and from
them you may be informed
middle of the Court, is the Statue of King concerning them. In
the mean time, read, if
Charles the fecond, in brafs, erected upon a you pleafe, the
ingenious J. Johnfton's Verfes,
ftately Pedejlal at the charge of the City. in praife ot Edenborough.
College. On the South-fide, is the College of King
James the fixth, founded in the year 15S0, and
endowed with all the Privileges of an Univer-
Monte fab accl'mi Zephyri procurrit in auras,
fity. The precincts are very large, and the Hmc Arx celfa, Mine Regia clara nitet.
whole is divided into three Courts, adorned on Inter utramque patet fublimibus ardua teilis
all fides with excellent buildings; two lower, Urbs armit, anhnis clara, frequenfque vi-
and one higher, w hich is as large as both the ris.
other. They have their publick Schools, and a Nobile Scotomm caput, is pars maxima reg-
Common-hall, wherein Divinity, Hebrew, and ni,
Mathematkks are taught. Their Library is well Punt etiam gentis Integra Regna fue.
llor'd with printed books, and has fon-.e M.i- Rartc artes -:7 opes, quod mens optaverit, aul
nufcripts: under which is the King's Printing- hie
houfe. The Students have very good accom- Invenias, ant non Scotia tota dabit.
modation, and the Profeffors neat and handfom Compofitum hie pcfulum videas, fanilumque
fe-
Lodgings, with very good Gardens for their natum,
recreation. SanBaque cum puro /limine jura Dei.
Palace. The Royal-Palace (w hich was burnt by Oliver An f.iifquam Archi extreme in limits mundi,
Cromwel, but nobly re-edified by King Charle Am hxc aut paria his cernere pojfe putet 1
the fecond, and of which his Grace the Dukt Die, Hofpes, pojlquam externas luflraveris
of Hamilton is hereditary Keeper,) hath four urbes,
Courts. The Outer-Court, which is as big as Hm cemens, oculis credis an ipfe tuis ?
all the reft, has four principal Entries. It is on
allhands bounded with lovely Gardens; and
on the fouth, lies the King's Park, which hath Beneath a Weftern hill's delightful brow,
great variety of medicinal plants. The Entry The Caftle hence, and hence the Court we
of the Palace is adorned with great pillars of view.
hewnitone, and a. Cupola, in fafhion of a Crown The ftately Town prefents it felf between,
above it. The fore-part is terminated by four Renown'd for arms, for courage, and for
high towers. The Inner-Court has Piazza's men.
round it, of hewn Hone. But, above all, the The kingdom's nobleft part, the lofty
Long-Gallery is moft remarkable, being adorned head,
with the pictures of all the Kings of Scotland Or the whole kingdom of the
I
Scostifh breed.
from Fergus the firft. From the Palace here!
Wealth,
 n8p LOTHIEN. 1 1 90
Wealth, arts, and all that anxious minds de- A mile from Edinburgh
an excel- Lei th. lieth Leitb,
fire, lent Haven upon the River
which, after Leith,
Or not in Scotland, or you meet with here. Monfieur with works to
Dejfie had fortified it

The people fober, grave the Senate fhow, fecure Edinborougb, did, by the conflux of people
The worfhip pure, the faith divinely true. thither, grow from a mean village to a large
In the laft borders or" the Northern coaft Town. Again, when the French King, Francis
What rival land an equal fight can boaft ? the fecond, had married Mary Queen of Scot-
Thefe glories, Travler, when at Lift y ou "| land, the French (who then made themfelves
fee, / fure of Scotland, and began now to gape af-
Say if you dcn't miftruft your wond'ringS ter England) in the year 1560 ftrengthened
it with more fortifications. Eut Queen Elizabeth

And think it tranfport, all, and extafy ! -J ot England, upon the folicitation of the * Re-* Quiputia.
formed Nobility of that kingdom to fide with«"» Rdigio-
B nigh ton. fNear Edinburgh, is Brugbton, which belonged them, effected, by her wifdom and authority, nsm im$ k *i*
to the family of the Ballendens ; of which Sir their return into France, and thefe their forti-
William Ballenden was made Lord Ballenden of fications were levell'd with the ground; and
Brugbton by King Charles the fecond but after- Scotland, ever fince, hath flood clear of all
;

wards, the Honour, together with the Eftate, apprehenfions from the French. TAt prefent
it hath in it feveral Manufactures.
was conveyed to John Ker, fecond foil of William Near this
Earl of Roxburgh, who thereupon chang'd his place, is Newhaven; which hath given the>jeviliaven;
name into Ballenden. An Englifh Gentleman, title of Vifcount to an Englifh family, the
Sir Thomas Fairfax-, Grandfather of the famous Cheneys rais'd to that honour by King Charles
;

General of that name, had the honour of a the fecond.l

Baron conferred upon him by King Charles the In themidftof this Frith, where it begins Caer-Guidl
(

firft, under the title of Lord Cameron. And Sir
George Forefier had the title of Lord Forefter of
Corftorphine confer' d upon him by the fame
King Alfo, Archibald Primrofe, fon of Archibald
: VUloria mentioned by Ptolemy, I will not now
Lord Dalmeny, was created by King William
Rofeberry. the third, Vifcount Rofeberry, and by Queen
Anne was advanced to the higher honour of
Earl ot Rofeberry.
by degrees, to contrail it felf, there ftood (as
Bede noteth) the City Caer Guidi, which feems
to be Inch-Keitb-Ifland. Whether this be the
difpute, though it is natural to believe, that
the Romans might turn this Gukb into ViBoriat
as well as our Ifle of Guith or Wight, into VtBe-
fis ovVe8a.\ Certainly, fince both thefe are | Sec tfc
broken from the fhore, there is the fame rea- D t0urfi: of
"

As this part has at prefent feveral confide- i (

Hawthorn- rable Houfes (whereof Hawtbornden is famous fon for the

- IVdtllTl Scot-
1
00
name in both languages. For Ni-£e ?°T s I

den. for its caves he wen out of the rock, and Ro/lin nius informs us, that Guith in the Britiflii^j.
• Vide Thea- for the * ft ately Chapel ;) fo can it produce fome Tongue fignifies a brealiing of or feparation.
trum Scotia, remains of Antiquity. For near the Town of Upon the fame Frith, more inward, lies Aber-
other Fifli corne y a famous Monaftery in Bcde's time ; and
Cramond. Cramottd (at which Salmon and feveral
are taken,) many ftones have been dug up with by the favour of King James the fixth, * it gave*
'

0W g[ ve s- N
Roman Infcriptions. Alfo, in the grounds of the title of Earl to James Hamilton. Hard by,C.
belonging to Hugh Wallace, were ftands Blacknefs Caftle; and beneath that, fouth- EarI of A
* "
ln£]\&owr].jngi;jlow}t,
16
found, not many years fince, two ftones, parts ward, the ancient City of Lindum, which Pto-^^" ;
of a Pillar: upon one of which is a Lawrel- lemy takes notice of, and by the learned is

Crown, upon the other (the longeftof the two) flill called Linlithauo, but by the common people LinUthquo.
there is, on each fide, the Roman Seatris. The Lithquo; adorn'd with a fair Houfe ot the
name of the Emperor is broken off ; but by the Kings, and a noble Church, [(which ftands upon
progrefsof the Roman Arms,asdefcribed by Ta- a level with the Palace, and is curious work of
citus, it appears to have been fet up in the time fine Stone,)! and a Lake plentifully ftock'd with
of Julim Agrkuhis government. And fince only Fifti ; from which Lake it feems to derive its
the Emperor's name is ftruck off, and it appears name ; tor Lin, as I obferved before, fignifies in
that by order of the Senate the Statues and In- Britifh a Lake. TThis Town is a Royal-burgh,
fcriptions of Domitian were defaced ; we may well built ; and is accommodated with Foun-Tleattt
probably conclude that it was ere&ed in honour tains which furnifli water to the Inhabitants, Scotia.
of that Emperor. What remains of it is this : and with a ftately Town-houfe for the meeting
of the Gentry and Citizens, and with a harbour
AVG. COS. IV. at Blacknefs. The King's houfe before-men-
GERMANICUS tioti'd ftands upon a rifing ground, which runs
PONTIFEX. MAX. almolt into the middle of the LocA, and looks
like an Amphitheater ; having Terras-walks
Theft Stones are to be fcen in the Garden at (as it were) and a defcent from them ; but
Edinburgh, belonging to Sir Robert Sibbalds, upon the top where the Caftle ftands, it is a
Dodor of Phyfick. Plain. The Court has Apartments like towers,
Kctltean. Alfo, not far from Edmborough, is a Pi&ifh upon the four corners; and in the midft of it a
Monument, called by the common People Ket- ftately fountain adorned with feveral curious
flean, which is to be read thus ; In oc tumulo ftatues, the water whereof rifes to a good
jacit Vetta F. Vicii. height. The Levingftons, Earls of this place, Earls of Lirl*
+ Scotia lUtc- Next to c ^ e Antiquities, f that noted fpring are hereditary Keepers of it ; as they are a-lfo^M 110*
flrau Cap. io.two miles fouth ot Edinburgh, deferves our no- hereditary Bailiffs of the King's Bailifry, and
p. 24i tice. The name of it is St. Catherines-Well, hereditary Conftables of the King's Caftle of
though it is commonly call'd 'The Oily Well, be- Blacknefs.'] This Diftrift had formerly an He-
caufe it fends up along with the water, an Oil reditary Sheriff of the Houfe of Hamilton of
or Balaam which fwims upon it. It is found Peyle ; but its firft Earl was Alexander Leving-\] Tn our me*
\\

by experience to be exceeding good, not only fion, advanced by King James the fixth from mor >'» C
for the cure of Scabs, but Hkewife of any pains the dignity of a Baron (which his Anceftors had
proceeding from cold, as alf 1 for flrengthening long been honour'd with) to that of * Earl, fas* Now, for-,
and putting life into any decaying part.] his fecond Son, Sir James Levin? lion, was crea- kited by At-
1
"'""
tainder. 1
ted
 1
19 1
GAD EN 1. 1 192
led Earl of Calendar by King Charles the culture of curious Flowers and Plants And
:

firft.
upon the fame coafl, Medop, the refidence of theMcdop.
T>eyle of Le- In the fame Shire, is the Peyle of Levtngfion, Earl of Linlithgow, ramous likewife for its fine
Tingfion. which was burnt by Oliver Cromwel, and did Gardens, enclofed with high walls, and fur-
anciently belong to the family of Levingfton nifh'd with Orange-trees, and fuch like curious
aforefaid. Nigh to this, is the_Giflle of Calder, Exoticks.
anciently belonging to theFamily of Sandilands; Weft-Lothian hath alfo its Antiquities. At
of which, Sir James Sandilands, Preceptor of the call: end of the enclofure of the Kipps, fouth Kipps.
Torpkben, was in the year 1563 created Lord from Linlithgow, there is an ancient Altar of great
Torpkben. flones, unpoliihed, and fo placed, that each of

BorroRo- Nor ought we to omit Borrojlonefs, north them doth fupport another, and fo as no one
ne fi- from Linlhbquo, upon the fea-coaft ; ere&ed could fland without leaning upon another.
into a burgh of Regality by the Duke ot Ha- Hard by it, are feveral great flones fet in a
milton, who hath in the neighbourhood his Circle, and, in the two adjacent hills, the re-
caftle of Kineil, adorned with large Parks andmains of old Camps, with great heaps of flones
Tarphlchen.ftately Avenues. Torpbicben, to the fouth of and ancient Graves.
Linlithgow, doth alio deferve our notice, as Some miles alfo to the weft of Queens-Ferry Queens-ferry,
being a burgh of Regality, and once the refidence upon the fea-coafl ( fuppofed to be fo call cl
of the Knights of Malta; but lince, as we faid, from St. Margaret, Queen to King Malcolm
hath given the title of Lord to the chief of Canmore, as the fhorteil paflage over the Forth
Bathgate. the name of Sandilands : And Bathgate, the to DumfermUng, where file refided much, and
parifh whereof is ereded into a Sherildom by began to build a Monaflery,) and near Abercorn-
it felf. Caflle, Bede tells us that the Roman wall be-Roman-walT.
And aS the Towns, fo alfo fome Houfes of gan. One may trace it towards Cariddin ;
note require our notice: Nidry-Caftle, fouth- where a figured {tone is to be feen, and a gold
wefl from Linlithgow, upon a river; thepoffef- Medal was found. In a line parallel, about a
for of which Manor is hereditary Bailiff of the mile to the fouth of this, there is a Village
Regality of Kirklifion, and, by the Barony of which prcferves the remains of the old wall, being
Abercorn, is hereditary Sheriff of the Shire. called Walltoun. From the name, and the arti-WalUoun, 1

And north from thence, Dundafs, formerly a ficial Mount caft up there, one would think it
fortification; which, with the Lands, hath be- to be the very place, which Bede calls Penvall-
long'd for fix hundred years pall to a very an- toun. The track of the wall appears in feveral
cient Family of the fame name. At fome di- places, between this and KinweiU, and from
to Falkirk.~\
Lmngfton. flance from whence, is Livingfton, a fine feat ; thence
i

* In the year 1606, Mark Ker, Baron of * A Ilttto

adorned with parks and gardens, wherein are
many curious Plants, by the care of that worthy Newbottle, was advanced to the title of Earl of after > c *
Gentleman, Patrick Murray, the late owner Lothian fwhofe Grandchild Anna, Countefs of
',

thereof, who, whilft he lived, was the Orna- Lothian, being married to Sir William Ker,
ment of his Country ; and Bins, adorned by Ge- cldefl Son of Amrum ; King Charles the firft
neral Dnlv-U with Avenues, large Parks, and created him Earl of Lothian, and Robert his Son
fine Gardens. After he had procured himfelf was advanced by King William the third to the
a lafting name in the Wars, here it was that he higher honour of Marquis of Lothian.l
refled his old Age, and pleafed himfelf with the

SEL-
 1
194
"93

S E L G O V 7E
he the fall Ter-
£ NEATH Gtsieni to the South and Weft inhere now
the

ritories of Liddcfdaie, Eufdale,

Eskdale, Aunandale, Nldildale, [and Wa-
the Names 0} the Rrvulet, rnnmng
chopdale,! all h called, [except the laft,~\ from
Solway-Fnth,) were anaemly jeated the
through them, which all lofe themfehes in
to me, whether to others too 1 know
Selgovcc ; the footftefs of whofe name feem
not, to remain in the name Sohvay.

LWDESDALE, EUSDALE, ESKDALE.

the
(But as to the conjefture concerning
N Liddefdale, we have a pro-
of the Horefti, it is not by any means pro-
fpect of Armitage, feated on feat
if we confider the circumftances
of that
high, and fo called becaufe it oable,
in the latter end of his Govern-
was anciently dedicated to a Action. It was
Forces againfl them
But now it is ment, that he led his
:
folitary lite.
whereas, we find, that even in his fourth year,
a very ftrong Cattle, which
South of that neck of land between
belonged to the Hepburnes, who all to the
from a certain Englifh the two Friths, Was added to the Roman Pro-
deduce their Original
great!) vince ; fo that we muff go
further _ north to
Captive, wnom the Earl of March did
him out of an imminent feek for them. And
Tacitus himfelf, in effect,
enrich, for delivering
and forbids us to look after them hereabouts, when
Danger. They were Earls of Botlwell, >

the people againft w horn Agricola

Hephurnes of Scotland by inhe- lie fays, that
for long time Admirals
Earls of of Both- was then fighting, were the Populi Caledoniam
a*

Both well. ritance. But by a lifter oi James Earl Nov* ; namely, thnfe je-
and Geutes
Hefbumes,) who was mar- mcolentes,
well (the laft of the the Friths, who by the fortification of
of Coldingham a natura yond
ried to fohtl Prior neck of land, were Semoti velut in aliam inr
the fifth, who had Several that
Con of King James were into another
title and eftate devolved to fulam, 1. e. Driven as it
fuch iflue ; both (So that if the relation which the Ho-
tor treasonable liland.
his
theirfon, [ who forfeited
have to Esk, be ol any moment, it
King's Perfon in Ins own refti may
defign of tiling the would better fuit the people dwelling between
in the- year 1593. ™d
Palace of Holyrood-Aufe, and North-Esk in Angsts. But that
palled the remainder
of his days beyond the South-Esk,
name really feems to imply no more than 'o pE?ct ,,
Brakenfey. Seas! Hard by, is Brakenfey, the feat ol the Mountaineers or High-landers ) Add to this,
with the
Lord Bu- warlike Family of Bucleugb, hrnamed Sat ;
rteugk. military men, up and down what Tacitus further fays, ' That Agricola ha-
many little Forts of '
ving beat Galgacus near the Grampian hills,'
the Country. , r c
brought back the Roman Army to the bor-
•

be apt to think, from

,

Eufdale. In Eufdale; I Should

'
ders of the Horefti, and having received Ho-
Uzellum. the affinity of
the name, that the ancient V- c
Ptolemy, lay, upon the Stages from them, he ordered the Commall-
zeUum mentioned by '
ders of the Roman Fleet to fail about the
River Eufe. . . , .
' Which cannot agree to Eskdale, a fmali
are of opinion that the He-
Ifle.
Eskdale. In Eskdale, fome inconfiderable Country, furrounded with others,
Horefti. rein dwelt ; into
whofe borders Julius Agricola,
fubdued the Britains inhabiting and not bordering on the Sea but feems to be ;

alter he had
the Roman Army moft properly applicable to the Mouth and
especially,
rhis Traft, led :

For the Briti.h Firth of Tay, and the Countrey of Angus and
f we readW« for Horefti.
(As Mentis fituate theteupon where the Roman ;
a place by the river Eske
4r-Efi Signifies Navy landed their Men, and remained there to
for A/icaus
Eskdale, I have fpoken of it before
receive them at the end of the Expedition. Be-
need not repeat what 1 have
in England, and lides, from this Port to the Grampian Hills,
laid.) through M
 I I
95 SELGOVAZ. I I96
through the large Country of Strathmore, there thereis no direct continued way between the
are Mill the evident Remains of a great High- Grampian Hills and Eskdale nor could an
;

.
way ; along which, we may fuppofe, they Army, with fuch great Carriages, march be-
marched their Army and Carriages, and by tween thofe two places.]
the fame way returned to their "Ships. But

ANNAN-DALE.
"

Pll^iPllPPi ^^ Shire of Dumfrife con- Offices of Prefident of the Council, and Secre-
53 tains Annandale tary of State.] This Valley, Edgar King of
dale, and Nidifdale. upon his reftoration to the Kingdom by
It takes Scots,
its name from the
chief the Auxiliaries that he had out of England,
Burgh ofthe Shire. On
the gave, for his good fervices, to Robert Brm, Lord The Brufes.
weft it hath Galloway and of Cleaveland in the County of York ; who be-
^^J Kyle, on the eaft it is boun- llowed it, by the King's permiffion, upon Ro-
ded with Solway- Frith, and the March of Scot- bert his younger fon, being unwilling himfelf to
land and England ; on the north with part of ferve the King of Scots in his Wars. From
Clidfalc, Twedale, and Ttviotdale, and on the him, are branched the Brufes Lords of Annan-
fouth with the Irifh-fea, From weft to fouth- dale; of whom, Robert Brufe married IfabeUa,
eaft, it is about fifty miles long ; and in breadth daughter of William King of Scots by the
about thirty four. The Inhabitants were a daughter of Robert Avenel : his fon likewife,
flout warlike People, and in former times the Robert the third of that name, married the
bulwark of the Kingdom. The foil, generally daughter of David Earl of Huntingdon and Ga-
is not fo good ior Corn, as for Pafturage ; fo rioch ; whofe fon Robert firnamed the Noble, up-
that they deal moftly in Cows and Sheep, which on failure of the ifiue of Alexander the third,
turn to considerable gain.l King of Scotland, did in right of his mother
Joined to Eskdale on the weft-fide, lies challenge the Kingdom of Scotland, before Ed-
Annandah, that is, the Valley or Dale up- ward the firft King of England (as diretl and
on the river Annan, into which the accefs by fuperiour Lord of the Kingdom of Scotland, fo the
land is very difficult. Tit runs in a ftreight line Englifh fay ; or, as an Honorary Arbitrator, as
from weft to eaft, about twenty four miles in the Scots \viil have it ;) as being more nearly al-
length, and fourteen in breadth. The places oi ly d in degree and blood to King Alexander the third,
greateft, note are thefe : ACaftle upon Lough and to Margaret daughter of the King of Norway,
Maban, which is three parts furrounded with although a fecond lifter's fon. Who foon after
water, and ftrongly wailed. Their tradition a- rcfigning his right, granted and gave over to his
bout this Lough-Maban, that a Caftle flood fon Robert Brm Earl of Carrick, and to his heirs
formerly in the middle ot it that which now (I fpeak out ofthe Original Record) all the right
:

{lands upon the brink, is going to decay. The and claim which he had or might have to the King'
Logh-Mafcan.
Town of Logh-Maban, a Royal burgh, fittiate dom of Scotland. But the point was determined
upon the fouth fide of the water of Anan, in in favour of 'John Baliol (who fued for his right,
the middle of the Country. Near the fource as defended from the eldefi ffler, though in a more
of which river, ftands Moffet, famous for its remote degree,") in thefe words, Becauje the perfon
Medicinal-well.l Annandale Town is almoft more remote in the degree defending in the firfl line,
upon the very mouth of the river Annan ; di- is to be preferred before a nearer hi the fecond line,
verted of all its glory by the Englifh. War in in the fucceffon of an inheritance that cannot be
the reign of Edward the fixth. f Afterwards, it parted.
gave the title of Vifcount to Sir 'John Murray, Neverthelefs, the faid Robert, fon to the Earl
whom King James the fixth did alfb create Earl of Carrick, by his valour poflefs'd himfelf of
of Annandale.A the Kingdom, and eftablifh'd it in his poflerity,
In this Territory of Annandale, the Jon- A
Prince, who as he was illuftrious for his great
The yonfiot ftons are men of greateft name, a family Exploits, fo did he triumph over Fortune (fo
born for War ; between whom and the Max- often his Adverfary ) with invincible courage
wells (who by ancient right prefide over the and conftancy ot mind.
The Stewar- Stewartry, for fo it is term'd) there * hath been fBetween Anandale and Eskdale lieth Wachop- Wachopdalc,
try of Annan- too long an open enmity and defiance, even to dale, fo called from the water of Wachop run-
dale. blood-fned. [The Laird of Johnfloun was crea- ning through it ; and is much of the fame na-
* So raid,
ann. 1607,
ted Lord John/loan by King Charles the firft, ture with the adjacent Countries already de-
and Earl of Hartfield by the fame King ; which fcribed. The raoft ancient Monument remar-
title was changed by King Charles the fecond kable hereabouts, is St. Ruth's Church, where is St. Rutb'u
into that of Earl of Annandale ; and this, by a Pillar curioufly engraven ; with a Danifh In-
the favour of King William the third, into that fcription upon it. Near this place, the people
of Marquifs of Anandale, in the perfon of #^7- have a way of making Salt of Sea-fand : the
liam, fon of the faid Earl ; who alfo in the Salt is fomething bittenlh, which probably pro-
next reign, was defervedly honour'd with the ceeds from the nitre in it/]

NIT) IS-
 1

) ip7 uo8

NIDISDALE.
LOSE to Amiandale on the Ward the firft, accompanied with the flower of
Weft, lies Nidi/dale, tolerably the Englifli Nobility, beiieged and took it. But
ftcck'd with arable and pafture * now it is a weak Maniion-Houfe of the Ba-* Ann. 1607^
grounds and fo named from
; rons Maxwell, who, being of ancient Nobility,
the River Nid, by Ptolemy were long Wardens of tliefe Weftern Marches,
falfely written Nobim, tor No- and were f lately advanced by marriage with a f Ann. 1607.
dim or Nidim, of which name Daughter and Coheir ol the Earl of Morton ;

*Vadefi
^/«- there are other Rivers in Britain, *fullof mud- on which account John Lord Maxwell was de-
caienti.
^ fhallows, as this Nid is. fit is encompafled clared Earl of Morton; as alio with the Daugh-
ter and Heir of Hereis Lord Toricles, whom J.
with a ridge of Hills onfall fides, and in the _

bottoms has abundance of Corn. It is divided
into the Over-ward, containing the Parifhes in
the Presbytery of Penpont ; and the Netherward,
containing thofe of Dumfrife Presbytery.l
The Nid fprings out of the Lake Lough-Cure,
Corda upon which flood anciently Corda, a Town ot
T lie
the Sekova. It takes its courfe firft by Sanquhar,
Cre.•& h -
tons Baroins of
a Caftleof the Creigbtons, who were long ho-
Sanquhar,
noured with the Title of Barons of Sanquhar,
T(and advanced by King James the fixth to the
dignity of Vifcounts of^V,and by King Charles
a fecond fon, took to wife, and had by her the
title of Baron Hereis. [Afterwards, the tide of Bzronsffereit.
Earl of Morton came to the Lairds of Lochle-
ven?\ In this Valley alfo, upon the Lake, lies
Glencarn, of which the Cunninghams (to be fpo-Glencarn.
ken of under another head) have long born the
title of Earl, Tbeing advanced to that honour,
in the perfon ot Alexander Lord of Kibnaures,
by King James the third, in the year 1488.
This Nidi/dale, together with Annandale,
breeds a warlike fort of people, but f in- + So faid,

the firft to that of Earls of Dumfreis ; f\ and famous for their depredations. For they ann l6 °7' -

were alfo honoured with the authority of here- dwell upon Solway, a tordable Arm of the Sea,
ditary Sheriffs of Nidi/dak. Next, it runs by through which they often made excurfions in-
+ Ann. WW- Morton, -which f hath given the Title of Earl to England for booty ; and in which the In-
Earls of Mar-
a brancn f t h e family of Douglafs ; of whom,
w habitants on both fides ( a pleafant fight ) 1

fame bunt Salmons ( ot which there is great plenty ) Salmons,

bmmlanrig. others are feated at Drumlanrig upon the
River, r which gave the title of Vifcount to the with fpears on horfeback, or, if you had ra-
Laird thereof, by the favour of King Charles ther call it fo, fifh for them. fFrom this terri-
the firft ; and now the eldeft fon to the Duke tory, the Lord Maxwel was created by King
of Qiieensberry hath the title of Drumlan- James the fixth Earl of Nit hfdale ; the heirs of
rig ; at which place, the late Duke hath built whofe eldeft fon failing in the reign of King
a noble Seat. For, to the faid title of Drum- Charles the fecond, the Lord Hereis, of the fe-
lanrig, was added by King Charles the firft, the cond branch, became Earl of Nitbfdale.~)
honour of Earl of Queensberry, which was af- What manner otCatth-ftealers they *were that Cattle-
" ealers -
terwards changed by King Charles the fecond inhabit thefe Valleys in the Marches of both re
honourable titles, firft of Mar- Kingdoms, John Lefley, a Scotchman himfelf,
"

See Dover, in into the more

'

England. quifs, and then of Duke, of Queensberry.'] and Bifhop ot Rofs, will inform you. They fatly
Dunfreys. Near the mouth of the river, ftands Dunfreys out of their own borders in the flight, in troops, through
between two molt flourifhing Town unfrequented ways, and many intricate windings. All
Hills, the
of this Tracl, which ftill (hews its ancient Ca- the day, they refrejh themfelves and their horfes in
ftle. The Town is famous for its Woollen Ma- larking boles which they had pitch' d upon before, till
nufacture, and remarkable for the murder of they arrive, in the dark, at the places they have a
John Commin, a perfon exceeding all others in deftgn upon. As foon as they have feized the booty,
Intereft amongit the Scots ; whom Robert Erta, they in like manner return home in the night, through
left he fhould oppofc his coming to the Crown, blind ways, and fetch
long compaffes. 'The more

ran through in the Church, and eafily got a skilful any Captain is to pafs through thofe -wild
pardon of the Pope for a murther committed Defarts, crooked turnings, and deep precipices, in the
in a facred place. fHere, over the Nith, is a thickefi mifi and darknejs his reputation is the greater ,
;

ftoue bridge of nine Arches. The Streets are and be is looked on ai a man of an excellent head.

large, and the Church and Caftle very ftately And they are fo very cunning, that they feldom have
:

For the convenience of Trade (which is much their booty taken from them ; unlefs fometimes, when
help'd by the Tide flowing up to the Town, by the help of Blood-hounds following exalily in
the

and making an Harbour) they have alfo an Ex- fame track, they chance to fall into the hands of their
change for Merchants."! adverfaries : When, being taken, they have fo much

Nearer to the mouth of the Nith, Solway, a perfuafive Eloquence, and fo many fmooth infinuating
Village, {till retains fomewhat of the old name words at command, that if they do not move their

of Selgovx. Upon the very mouth, is fituated Judges, nay and even their Adverfaries (notwith-'
mercy ;
Cacr-Lavc Caer- Laverock, Ptolemy's Carbantorigum, a Fort /landing the greatefl feverity of nature ) to
rock. look'd upon as impregnable, till King Ed- they at leafi move them to admiration and companion.

NOVAN-
 j

H99 I20U

qpqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqppP^PTOPQPQcr

NOVANTES E XT to Nidifdale, the Novantes inhabited that iraB in the Valleys, which
fpreads a great way towards to the Weft ; yet is Jo indented with Creeks, that in
fome places it is narrow, but towards the end grows wider again j whence Jome
have call'd it the Chcrfoneffus, or Peninfula, of the Novantes. But now their

Country contains, Galloway, Carick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

G ALLOW AT.
ALLOWAT, call'd in Latin title of Lord Kircudbright^] Then, Cardmes, v-Cw&inzs.
writers of the middle age, Gal- Fort upon the river Fleet ; built upon a craggy
waSia and Gallovidia ( taking and high rock, and fortify 'd with ftrong Walls.
its name from the lrifh, who Hard by, the
river Ken (call'd by Ptolemy Je-

were its ancient Inhabitants, na, but corruptly) fails into the Sea. [On tliis
and who call themielves, in river, ftands Kemnure, from whence the family Kenmure.

their own language for fliort- of the Gordons had the name of Vifcount of
nefs-fafce, Gael; ) is a hilly Country, better for Kenmure confer'd on them by King Charles the
near which, is New Galloway, a Burgh New-GaUo-
feeding of Cattle than bearing of Corn. Tit firft :

Royal.1 way.
hath upon the fouth, the Injh Sea ; upon the
Next, Wigton, a Port with a very narrow Wilton,
weft, the Fnth of Clyde ; upon the north, Carick
entrance between the two ftteams, Blaidnoo
and Kyle and to the north-eaft the river of
;

Nith. It is in length, from North-eaft to South-

and Crea, reckoned among the Sheriffdoms o- ;

ver which * Agnew of the Ifle prefides. It for- * Agnew ex

welt, about feventy miles ; in breadth, from
fome places twenty four merly had for its Earl, Archibald Dougliu, ^~ J
North to South, in vK'° fur'*'5

miles, in others twenty, and in others only I

mous in Wars
the French and ;
f after that ro ^
(by the favour of King James fthe John f Now, C.
fixteen. It is divided into the Higher and Low- , fixthl

er Country. The Higher lies between the wa- Fleming, who* derived his pedigree from the * Derives, C.
ancient Earls of Wigton ; fand whofe poilerity
ter of Cree and the point or Mule, making the
Sheriffdom. The Lower takes up the reft, name- doth flill enjoy that honour.l
ly, all upon the water of Cree,
making the Near Ptolemy fixes the City Leucopibia, Leucopibia.
this,

Stewardry of KUcumbright. The plenty of pa- which I know not where to look for. Yet by
flures, induces them to keep vaft flocks oi the circum fiances of the place, it ib..uld feem
aifo of Cows, which they fend into
as to be that Epifcopal See of Ninian, which
Sheep ;

England in great numbers.l The Inhabitants Bede calls Candida Cafa, and the Engliih and
follow Fifhing, as well in the Sea round about, I
Scots in the fame fenfe Whit-herne, land the
before them bpiu-epne, the latter part
as in the rivers and loughs that are every where Saxons,
under the hills ; in which, about September, they of which name fignifies any fort of Veffel\~Xhz word \\

What then, Ptolemy (as way was Mhorn is

catch an incredible number of | excellent well-
if his )
f Sapiiiffima- ,,e n thc
* PVeeles \ by which they translated Candida Cafa, which was the name" ? J
tafled Eels in their
m^
.

rum. .
v
. •
i
north Ink-era,
* Excipalif. are no lefs gainers, than by their little trufs the Bntains gave it, into alvk otitic Greek, ;. e a VeffcY .

Galhway Naggs," which, upon account of the compact- that is, white Houfes ; inftead of which, the for Ink.
Naggs. Tranfcribers have obtruded upon us Leucopibia. Candida Cafa,
nefs of their bodies, and their enduring of la-
bour, are bought up here in great num- In this place, Nhria or Ninian, the Britain, a St. Ninian.
bers.
holy man ( the firil who intruded the Sou-
Among thefe, the firlt place that prefents it thern Pitfts in the Chriftian Faith, in the reign
felt upon the river Dea (mentioned
by Ptolemy, of Theodofius the Younger) had his refidence,
its name, being caU'dZ><?) and built a Church, which was dedicated to
Dec riv. and which yet keeps
Kirkcow- is Kircowbright, the
mofl convenient harbour of St. Martin ; the form whereof ( as Bede ob-
this Coaft, and one of the Stewarties oi: Scot- ferves) was
different from that of the Britifh
bright.
land, belonging to the Maxwells, fEarls of buildings. The fame Author tells us, that the
Nithefdale. The ancient family of Maclellan was Englifh in his time were poffefs'd of this Coun-
dignirVd by Ring Charles the fii-ft, with the try, and that, when the number of the Faithful
encreafed,
1201 GALLOWAT. 1 202
enereafed, an Epifcopal jee was erected at this for Vchtred, Gilbert his younger brother took
Candida Caja. Alittle higher,' is a Peninfula him Prifoner in Battle, and after he had cut
(the Sea infinuating k ielfon both fides,) which out his Tongue, and pulled out his Eyes, moll
by a narrow neck is joyned to the main land. cruelly deprived him both ot lite and eflate,
TXovanutm This is properly call'd Novantum Chojonejftts and But within a few years, after Gilbert was
Fromontori- Promontorittm, but commonly the Mull of Galloway. dead, Roland the Son of Uchtred recovered his
um * Beyond this, Northward, is an open Bay, father's inheritance ; who, of a fiftcr of Willi-
full of Iilands, and of a mighty compafs ; into am Morrill, Confiable of
Scotland, begat A-

which abundance of rivers on all fides empty Ian, Lord of Galloway, and Conflable of Scot-
themfelves. But firft of all, at the very point land. Alan, by Margaret, the el deft daugh-
Ahravanus. of the Promontory, is Abravanus which, be-
;
ter of David Earl of Huntingdon, had Ver-

ing a little mifplaced, is fo termed by Ptole- volgilda, the wife of John Balliol, and mother

my, for Aber-ruanpu, that is, the mouth of the of John Balliol, King of Scotland, who con-
river Ruan. For at this day, it is call'd the tended with Robert Brm for that Kingdom,
river Rian, and the Lake out of which it runs, and by a former Wife, as it feems, had Helen,
Longh-Rian ; and is admirably well ftock'd rried to Roger Quincy, an Englifhman, Earl
*SaxttiHespif- with Herrings, and a fort of * Gudgeons. of Winchefler ; who upon that account was
ce
J- rOn this Lake ftandeth Stranrawer, a Burgh Conflable of Scotland : as was like wile WiUiam
Stranrawer. Ferrers, of Groby, grai-d-fon of the faid Ro-
Roya j_ The p mmontory or p int by which
it cntereth into the Sea, is called the Point of by a daughter and coheir. But thefe
Corfehlll. and on the Engliih foon loft tTieir inheritance in Scot-
Port Patrick.
Qtlier ^
Corfebill,ftretching to Cantyre
^ pm
;

p atykk) a k n0 wn Sea-port, land, as alfo the dignity ot C .nftable ; which

which is oppolite to Donaghadee, in Ireland, the Commins Earls of Bughuan had (as de-
and from thence runs Southward to the fended likeWife ot a daughter of Roger Quin-
point of the Mule. The Land betwixt the cy) till it was transferred to the E^rls ot Ar-
two points of Corfebill and the Mule, is called ol. But the title of Lord of Galloway fell
Rinnes of the Rinnes oj Galloway ( perhaps, beCaufe the afterwards to the Family of Douglafs ; fand
Galloway. narrow, a great way into the mice to the family of Stuart of Garleis, which
p { nts rUn ut
Sea) and are twenty four miles dillant. To being firft dignity 3 d by King James the fixth
the South of Lochritm, is another bay, called with the title of Lord of Garleis, was further
Bay of Zoce.the Loch or Bay of Luce, running betwixt rais'd by the fame King to the dignity of
the points of the Mule and Whitehern, oppo- Earl oi Galloway, on account chiefly of their de-
~\

to the Iile cf Man.

lite The neck of Land Icent trom the illuftrious Family of Lennox.
between the Lakes joyning the Rinnes to the
main Land, is fix miles broad and near the
;
THE
Second part of the Novantes is faid to Sheriffdom of
midfl in a little riling ground ftandeth the be the Sheriffdom >f AIRE (fo called irom the Aire.
CaWe of tbe Ca ft le f tne jnclh among the Lakes. On this Town of i Aire, the head Burgh of the Shire ;)+ OFthh, fee
° Vila after-
Kyle, iCrar-
'

Bay, is the Vale or Glen of Luce "where was though the north part of this trad lcem ra- ward.
c
;

an Abbey founded by Roiland Lord of Gal- ther to have belonged to the Damnii. The
loway, father to Allan, and confirmM by the Country is bounded on the north by the Shire
King with a Regality whereof the Family ot of Rainfrew, on the fouth with Galloway, on
;

Stmre is hereditary Baiilie.l the eafl with Chdfale, and on the weft with
Galloway had its own Princes and Lords the Frith of Clyde. It generally produces good
Lords of Gal-
lowaj. in ancient times of whom, the firft recor- ftore of Corn and Grals, and is very popu-
;

ded in Hiftory, was Fergm, in the reign ot lous ; and the Inhabitants ot it are exceeding
Henry the firft of England, who gave for his induftrious.
Arms, A Lion Rampant Argent, crvwn'd [Or] in It is divided into three Bailliaries ; viz. Carick,

a Shield Autre. Atter many Difturbances which Kyle, and Cunningham. The molt eonfiderable
he had raifed, he was driven to fuch ftraits Loch in it, is that of Dun, fix miles in lei.grh,
by King Malcolm, as to give his Son Vchtred and two in breadth, with an Iile in it, upon
foran hoftage, and, being grown weary of the which is an old houfe, call'd Caftle-Dun. Upon
world, to take upon him the habit ot a Ca- the Water Down, is a bridge of one arcn, nine-
non at Holyrood Houfe at Edenborough. As ty foot long."!

N CARRICT.
 1203 NOFANT ES. 1204

C ARRICT.
AR RICf comes next; a Coun- this Province. For this, with Kyle and Cun-
try fruitful in and ningham y are the three Batlltaries of Scotland, fo
Pafture,
abundantly furnifhed with call'd, becaufe they who govern thefe with or-
Commodities both by Sea and dinary power and jurifdiction, are filled Bai-
Land. Here Ptolemy places liffs ; a word coined in the middle age, which
both Rerigonium a creek (fpro- iignifies amongfl the Greeks, Sicilians, and
bably the fame with the bay French, a Coufervator or Keeper.
and Rerigonium a Town. For But CarriB, in former times, had its Earls. Earls of Car-
very ancient Copy of Ptolemy, Not to mention Gilbert of Galloway's Son (to rift *

X ' 5, Malrc^
Berigonlu 1. Rome in 1480, we have Berigonium: whom King WiUiam gave CarriB entire, to
printed at
So thatcannot chufe but think, it was that be poffefs'd for ever) we read that Adam of
I
which is now
called Bargeny. It jhad a Lord Kilconah, about the year 1270, was Earl of
+ Has. C. of the Family of the Kemedyes ( which came CarriB, and died in the Holy War ; whofe only
The Ken-
out of Ireland in the reign of Robert Brm; ) a Daughter Martha fell in love with Rebert Bruit
tiedyest
Family, noble, numerous, and powerful, in all beautiful young Gentleman, as fhe faw him
this trait. TBut the Lands of Bargeny being a hunting ; and, making him her Husband,
purchafed by Sir John Hamilton, natural fon of brought him the title and eftate of Earl of
John Marquifs of Hamilton ; his fon was crea- CarriB, and bore him Robert Brm, the renown'd
ted Lord Bargeny by King Charles the firft.1 King of Scotland, and founder of the royal
Earlsof Ca/: The head of it, is Earl of Cafftls (the name of Line. But the title of Earl of CarriB, being
a Caftle upon the River Dun, which is his for fome time left to the younger Sons of the
filt.

feat; ) fthe Family of Kennedy being firfl ad- Family of Brm, afterwards became an additi-
vanced to that honour by K. James the fourth, on to the other Honours of the Princes of
in the year 1509.I Upon the banks of the Scotland ; Find King Charles the firffc conferred
Dun fame river, he hath another call'd Dunnur Ca- this title upon John Stuart, defcended from
(Me.
file ; and he is like wife hereditary Bailiff of King James the filth, by a natural Son.l

KT L E.

TLE is next, lying more in- pel, which King Robert de Brm fet apart for
ward upon the Bay a plen- the maintenance of Lepers .1
;

tiful Country, and well inha- Concerning Aire, * thefe Verfes fent me by *t can meet
An. 75a bited. In Bede's AuBarium (or J. Johuflon, may be well worth the inferring with nothing :

Supplement ) it is cali'd Cam- better worth

the infcrtingj
pm Cyel, and Coil ; where it js than C.
recorded, that Eadbert, King Parua urbs, afl ingens animm in fortibus
added this, with other Territo- baretj
of the Northumbers,
ries, to his Kingdom. TThis Country lies be- Inferior nulli nobilitate virura.

tween the river of Dune, which feparatesit from A'eris e tamps haurit purijjima ca:lum,

Carrkk, and the river of Irmine, which feparates Incubat & mitt mellior aura folo,

it from Cunningham. It is divided into Kings- Aeria hsne, non ./Era prius, credo, ilia vo~
Kyle, under the Juri&li&ion of the Sheriff; and cata eft.

Kyle-Stewart, which belong'd anciently to the Cum duris quid enim mollia juris habent ?

Stuarts of Scotland, and fince, to the Prince, Infera cum juperis quod /? componere foe
efl,

the King's eldeft Son.l Aurea furs diet debuit ilia prim.
In Ptolemy's time, Vidogora was a place of
Viclogora.
note [now pofiibly Locbrian ; or] perhaps Aire,
Aire, ;

which is a Sheriffdom, a Market f formerly 1 Small is the Town, but of great Souls is

but little,! and a well known Port upon a (mall proud,

river of the fame name. Tit is now the chief For Courage fam'd, and Sons of noble
Market-town, in the weft of Scotland. It's blood.
fituation is in a fandy plain ; yet hath it plea- From th' happy CUme, pure draughts of
faiit and fruitful fields,
with Greens which af- air defcend,

ford a good profpect both winter

and fummer. And gentle breezes blefs the fruitful
The Church is ftately enough, and there is a Land.
bridge of four arches which joyns it to the New Old times ( if Poets have a right to 1
Town, feated on the north fide of the water. guefs) I

The ancient name of this Aire was St. John's Not JKria, but Atria call'd the place, )>

Town, but that is now loft. By the King's Pa- Rough brafs could ne're fuch foft delights
|

tent, it the Sheriff's Seat and hath within its

is
exprefs. J
Jurifdi&ion thirty two miles. mile north ofA If I fo high might raife my noble theme,
the Town, not far from the Sea-fhore, there is I'd fwear that Aurea was the ancient name.

a Lazer-boufe, commonly call'd the King's Cha-

Eefides
 I20E CUNNINGHAM. 1206
Befides the River Airs, there are two other this place, to the well, is Stair, which, by theStain
Rivulets which water this {mall Territory, ha- favour ot King William and Queen Mary, gave
ving many little Villages fcatter'd upon their the title ot Vifcount, to Sir James Dalrympfa
Craw fords banks Lougat, upon which the Crawfprds, and whofe Inheritance it was ; and afterwards, the
:

Cain bells. Cejnock, upon which the Cambells, have their refi- title of Earl, to John Vifcount Stair, by the
dence (noted families in this tract ) On thi favour of Queen Anne; whofe fon of the fame
:

Ucbtttre, °r bank of the fame river, is alfo Uchiltre-Caftle, name, the prefent Earl, hath greatly diftin-
Ocbiltre.
the Seat of the Stewarts, of the blood Royal, as guifh'd himlelf by his gallant and wife Con-
defcended from the Dukes of Albany, hence duct, in the Camp, and in the Court.
There toforel ftiled Barons ot Uchiltre ; of which The chief melluage ot the Stewartry of Kyle,
Houfe was that Robert Stewart, who was the was Dundonald, purchafed by Sir William Coch- ^f an ^ QTia i^
infeparable companion of the Prince ot Cm&e, and an, who was created Lord Cochran by King
kiifd with him in a battle in France. [In the Charles the firit, and by King Charles the fe-
year 1651, King Charles the fecond advanced cond, Earl of Dundonald.~\ Cambel of louden en-
Sir Robert Colvil to the honour of a Peer, by the joys the honour ot Hereditary Bailiff of Kyle.
{file and title of Lord Colvil ot Ochiltree. Near

CUNNINGHAM.
O Kyle, upon the Weft and cient and noble family, which can fliew, as a
North, is joyned Cunningham proof of their Warlike Valour, Poununy-Caftk,
which fo hems in and con- built out ot the ranfom-moucy of Henry Percy,
tracts the Bay, that it makes firnamed Hotfpur, whom J. Montgoynery took
it much narrower than hither- with his own hands in the Battle at Otterburne,

to it has been. The name fig- and brought him away Frifoner. Not tar from
nifiesas much as the Kings ha- Ardrojj/in, is Largis, embru'd in the blood ofLargis,
bitation ; whence you may imagin how pleafant the Norwegians by King Alexander the third.
it is. It is water'd by the Irwin, that divides From whence, iollowing the winding of the
it from Kyle ; at the head almoft of which fliore, we meet with Eglington-Cn^lc, once pof-

Lowdoun. river, Twe fee Lowdoun, the ancient feat of the felfed by Gentlemen of that name, from whom
Crawjords ; which, coming by marriage to the it defcended to the Montgomeries, who took from MontgamsrU*
Campbels, was rais'd to the dignity of a Barony. hence the title of Earls of Eglington. But whence Earls of Eg-
byK. James thefixth, in the perfonofSir Hugh thisSirname came, is hard to guefs. That, /*»£«>*•
Campbel', and to the higher honour of an Earl- out of Normandy it came into England, and
dom, byK. Charles the firft, in the perfon of Sir that there were feveral Families of that name,
John Campbel, upon his marriage with the grand I am fatisfied. But the Family in Ejjex, from
daughter of the faid Hugh. Next, on the fame which Sir Thomas Montgomery, Knight of the
river, not far from the head,! we have a fight Garter in the reign ot King Edward the th
4 ,
Kilmarnock, of Kilmarnock, the Seat of the Barons Boids. In was defcended, gave Arms but a little different
Barons Boids. the reign ot King James the third, Thomas, one from thefe. How'ever, this noble Houfe hath
of thefe, was, by a gale of Court-favour, ad- enlarg'd it felt very much ; and out of thofe of
vane'd to the authority of Regent, and Robert Gevan, was that Gabriel de Lorges, called Earl of
his Son to the Honour of Earl of Arran and Montgomery, and Captain of the Scotch Guard The Scotch
a marriage with the King's Sifter. But the fame du Corps (inftituted by Charles the fifth, King Guard du
gale blowing contrary, they were adjudged ene- of France, for a Guard to him and his Succef- Corps in
nc ''
mies to the State ; Robert had his Wife taken fors, as a fignal mark of their fidelity and fa-
from him, and given to James Hamilton ; and vour to him;) who in a Tournament (lew
their Eftates were confifcated ; and being by Henry the fecond King of France with a Splin-
the inconftancy of fortune ftrip'd of all, they ter of his Spear, which (his Beaver chancing to
died in exile. Yet their Pollerity reco- be up) penetrated through the eye into his
+ Enjoy it atver'd the ancient honour of Barons, and f con brain. Afterwards, tiding with the Huguenots
this day, C. tinucd to enjoy it ; fand were, moreover, digni- in the Civil wars of France,
he was taken,
CSc. 1607.)
t
y
d with the tide of £arl of Kiimarmck b y and beheaded.
King Charles the fecond.l But the Family of the Cunninghams is accoun- Cunninghams
Irwin, riv. Upon the mouth of the river Irwin, Hands ted more numerous in this Trad ; the head Ear,s °^ Giea '-

*""'
Irwin, a Borough, with a Port fo choaked up whereof, the Earl of Glencaim, hath a Seat at
with banks of fand, and fo fhallow, that it is Kilmauris, and derives his defcent out of Eng-
only capable of fmall Veffels. fBy the favour land, w'z,. from anEngliih Gentleman, who, to-
of King Charles the firft, James, brother to the gether with others, murdered Thomas Archbifhop
Earl ot Argyle, was created Earl of Irwin of Canterbury. How true this is, I know
which title being extinct, Sir Arthur Ingram of not, but perhaps it may be grounded upon a
Temple Newton in the County of York, was probable conjecture, taken from an Archbi-
created Vifcount of Irwin by King Charles the fhop's Pall, which they give in their Coat of
ArdrofTan- fecond.") Higher up, over the Bay, Hands Ar- Arms.
CaiHe. drojfan, a Caltle of the Montgomeries, an an-

The
lOf NOVANTES. 1208

The Ifland GLOTTA, or ARRAN.

) Ithin fight of Cunningham ; a- of the Family of the Stewards. In this Ifland
mongft many other Illands, s Rothefay TTown and! Caftle, which gives the R-othefay,

Ghttais of greateft eminence; Title of Duke to the eldeft Son of the King
an Ifland mentioned by An- of Scotland ( who is born Prince of Scotland,
toninus, in the very Frith of Duke of Rothfay,and High Steward of Scotland,)
the river Glotta or Clyde ; and ever lince King Robert the third inverted Da- 1

called at this day from a Ca- vid his eldeft Son with the Dukedom of Roth-
ttle of the fame name, Arran. The innermoft fay ; who was the firft hi Scotland that was
parts are wholly mountainous, but the bottoms honoured with the Title ot Duke. With which
along the fhore are well inhabited. The firft Title Queen Mary honoured Henry Lord Dar-
* Robert C.Earl it had, that I read of, was * Thomas Boid, ky, before fhe took him to be her Husband.
Earls ot> whofe Wife and Earldom together, upon Boid's After this, in the fame Bay, we have Helton, Hellas.
ran. being banifhed the Kingdom, James Hamilton antiently Hellan-Leneow, that is ( according ro
and his Po- interpretation, ) The Saints Ifland ;
(as 1 mentioned before) obtain ti ;
J. For dons
+ That of en joy'd the fame; faving fthat^tfwtti and Hellan Tinoc, that is, the Iflandof Hogs, with
fieri ty

late, C. Steward, appointed Guardian to "James Hamilton many other ot lefs note. fThefe Iflands are
Earl of Arran (who was fo detective in his un- erefted into a Sheriffdom ; and the Stewards of
demanding, that he could not manage the Bute, defcended of a (on of King Ruben the
Eftate,) took this Title in the right of being fecond, are Heretable Sheriffs thereof. Alfo, in
Guardian. the year 1703, Bute was erected into an Earl-
Buihe. Near this, ftands Buthe,nam'd from a little dom, in the perfon ot Sir James Steuart, which
Religious Ceil founded by Brendanus ( for fo is now enjoy'd by his foil and heir.l

in Scotch they call a Cell,) which has a Sheriff

DAMNII.
rzoo 1210

D A M N I L
E TO N D the Novantes, but fomewhat more inward along the River Glot-
ta and Cluyde, and farther up even to the very Eafiern Sea, dwelt the
Damuii ; and if I judge aright (for who can be certain at fuch adiftance from
our own times, and info much obfcurity ? ) in Cluydefdale, the Barony of
Ren-
fraWj Lenox, Sterling, Menteith, and Fife.

C LUTDESDALE.
UTD SDALE (called alfo
^f Lthe Crawford-Caflle, together with the title of The Llnifayt
Sheriffdom of Lanrick, Earl of Crawford, was confer'd by King Ro- Earls of Craw
from the Town of Lanrick, bert the fecond, on James Lindefay ; who in a/9r<*'
where the Sheriff keeps his lingle Combat with Baron Welles an English-
Courts) is bounded on the man, got much praife and commendation for
South-Eaft with the Stewar- his valour. The Lindfays have deferved ex-
try of Annandale, on the ceeding well of their Country, and are of anci-
South with the Sheriffdom of Dumfrife, on the ent Nobility ever fince William Lindefay mar-
;

South-welt with that of Aire, on the North- ried one of the Heirs of William de Lancaster,
weft with that of Ranfrew, on the North with Lord of Kendal in England, whofe * great * L
that of Dumbarton, on the North-eait with that rand-daughter was married into the honoura-
A nm ;
of Sterling, on the Eaft with that oi Linlithgow ble family of Coucy in France.
; The Cluyd,
and a little to the South-eaft, with that of after it hath, with much ftruggling, forced its
Mid-Lothian. It is in length about forty miles; way Northward by the | Teat of Baron Somer-+
A nD I g 07 ;
.

in breadth, where broadeft, (ome twenty four, vill, Icall'd Carnwath (which being purcfu- Baron Somer-
and where narroweft, fisteen miles. The country fed by the family of Dahtel, who were crea- *"'#•
abounds with Coal, Peets, and Lime-ftone but ted by King Charles the firft Lords DaUiel, did, Carnwath.
;

what turns to the greateft account, is the Lead- in the fame reign, give the * title of Earl to *
Now for-
Mines. It is divided into two Wards, the Over- the fame family ; )] receives from the Well
thefeited by At.
ward and Netherward this, hilly and full of river Duglas or Douglas, fo called from its darktainder.
:

heaths, and fit for paflurage ; the other, plain greenifh water. This river gives name to the
and proper for grain. It is watered with the Valley through which it runs, called Douglaf-
pleafant River of Cluyde, which gives name to dale, and to the Cattle therein, which again
the Shire. This rifes at Errick-hiU3 andj running gives its name to the family of Douglafs. This
{Hft "
quite through the County, glideth by many family is very antient, but hath been molt
'
pleafant Seats of the Nobility and Gentry, and emmentcver fince James Douglat adhered firm-
feveral confiderable Towns, till it tall into its ly to King Robert Brm, and was ever ready
own Firth at Dumbarton^ with extraordinary courage, and lingular pru-
Crawford. Near the head of the Cluyde, in Crawford- dence, to affift him, while he claim'd the King-
Moor. Moor among the wafles,the Husbandmen of the dom in thofe troublefome times :To him it
Country, after violent Rains, found a fort of was, that the fame Robert gave his Heart in
fhavings of Gold : which hath long given hopes charge, to be conveyed to the Holy Land, for
* In our °^ S tat Wealth
'
l ; more efpecially, * fince B. the performance of his Vow ; in memory
times, C. Buhner undertook with great application to find whereof, the Douglajfes have added a Man's-,
AGoldMine. out a Mine of Gold. They certainly dig-up Heart, in their Coat of Arms. ° s*
Since when,,^
\ A\ttrunt, daily f the Lapis Lazuli with little or no la- this family hath grown up to fuch mighty
bour ; ^nd near this place, are the Lead-mines power and greatnefs (efpecially after William's
belonging to the Laird of Hoptoun.~\ being created Earl of Douglafs by David the
t 7 O fecond,)
 :

121 I D AMNII. 1212

the Kings was created Lord Blantyre by
or of Blantyre,
fecond,) that they have awed even
the fame King James the fixth.l Then, it runs flreight
themtclves : for almoft at one and
the titles through Glafgow, antiently a Bifhop's See, but Glafgow.
time, there were fix Earls of it, by
Wigton, Murray, long discontinued, till reftor'd by King Willi-
ot Dougld., Angus, Ormond,
am. * Now, it is an Archbifhoprick, and an* Ann. 1607.
and Morton ; amongft whom, the Earl ot Wig-
fervices, Univerfity, founded by Bifhop Turnbull, who Anno 1154.
tm for his Martial valour, and good
feventh ot for the advancement of Religion, built a Col-
was honoured by King Charles the
Title of Duke ot Tmram, here. It is the moft celebrated Mart of
nukes of France, with the
Ins this Tract, and much commended for its plea-
Tour, or an(j
igjj
tne fame to two Earls ot Douglafs,
Tourain. ^^ r-p
jUt upon trie forfeiture of the Earl
ot iant fituation and \ plenty of Fruit having al-.f FomiferU ;

the fecond, fa a handfome Bridge fupported with eight Arburiim.

Douglajs in the reign of King James
and Country Arches. Tin refpect of largenefs, buildings,
the Earl of Angus got the Caftle
Earl ot trade and wealth, it is the chief City in the
of Douglafs, whofe defendant William
by King Kingdom, next Edinburgh. The river carries
Angm was created Marquifs of Douglafs
was Vcflels of fmall burthen up to the very town ;
Charles the tirft. To which noble Family
vear ot but New-Glafgow, which itands on the mouth
nth year
added by Queen Anne, in the ninth
Douglafs.\ of Clyde, is a haven tor Veflels of the largeit
her reign, the high* honour ofDuke of
Lairds ot lze. Moft part of the City itands on Plain,
In Clydifdale, is alfo the feat of the
of which family, Sir James was ind is almoft four-fquare.
In the middle
Carmichael ;

created by King Charles the firft, Lord

Carmt- jf it (where is the Tolbootb, a very ftately buil-
ding of hewn-ftone) four principal Streets crofs
cbael^] .
,

Above the confluence ot the Douglas and the each other, and divide the City as it were into
the hereditary Sheriffdom four equal parts.
lies Lanerick,
In the higher parr, ftands
Sheriffdom oCCIuyde,
their name to Ha- the Cathedral Church,
who owe commonly called St.
Lanerick. of the Hamilton!,
milton-CaBle, feated fomewhat higher
upon the Mango's ; confifting indeed of two Churches, one
pleafant whereof is over the other. The Architecture
Cluya's bank, in a" place extremely
of Ha- of the pillars and towers, is faid to be very ex-
and fertile. Fit is a Seat of the Duke
* the Coutt whereof is on all fides a act and curious. Near the Church is the Arch-
* Theatram milton ;
bifhop's Caftle, fenc'd with a wall of hewn-
domed with very noble buildings. It has
:
Scotix.
Avenue, and a Frontifpiece to- ftone : but its greatcft ornament is the College,
magnificent
wards the Eaft of excellent workmanfhip.
On
feparated from the reft of the Town by an ex-
very ceeding high wall ; the Precincts whereof have
one hand of the Avenue, there are
fair large Gardens, well
furnifhed with fruit- been enlarged with fome Acres of ground,
trees and flowers. The Park (famous for its purchafed not many years fince ; and the Build-
tall Oaks) is fix
or (even miles round, and has ings repaired and adorned, by the care and pru-
the Brook Alien running
through it. Near the dent adminiftration of the late Principal, the
Palace, is the Church, the Vault
whereof is Learned Doftor Fall. In the year i6pj>. John
the' burial-place of the Dukes of Hamilton."! Boyle of Kelburn was created Lord Boyle by
Their original from England, as chemfelves] King William the third ; and was afterwards
is
higher honour of Earl of Glaf-
affirm va~ from a certain Engliihman, fir- ^advanced to the
name Hampton, w ho taking part with Robert joto by her Majefty Queen Anne. I

The Hainil- r . t- ,...-.

,- rr.rr.~~~ ;.,
from him large pofl'effions in
, Of
Of fthis Pl.r a r-u„
t;. Place, rt
thusc J.
r-tin
Jolmjlot
tons. Brm, received
thefe- Parts. Their Eftate was much augmen-
ted by the bounty of King James
the third,
Non Pontifcum luxm, mn tantum
who gave his own eldcft Sifter ( after he had te Iufula
in Ornavit, diri qua tibi caufa mali,
taken her from Boid) to James Hamilton,
of Aryan quantum deeorant Glafcua,
marriage, together with the Earldom
Glottiadce, "te,

Honours were augmented by the States Mufte,

as' their
after the death of King Quiz celfum attoUunt clarafub aftra caput.
of the Kingdom, who,
Hamilton, this Glotta, deem return, pifcojis nobilis undis,
Tames the fifth, ordained James
Scotland ( who Finitimi recreat jugera lata foli.
Lord's Grandfon, Regent of
r, t. m was likewife made Duke of Chafleau-Heralt
teau-Heralt-'Poiaou, by Henry the fecond King of France ;)
in Aft Glottis deem, &
liieini. gloria terris,

Glafcua facundat fiumine cuntlafuo.

Marquifs of as alfo by King James the fixth, who created

Hamilton. y^- fon John, Marquifs of Hamilton ; a title
Scotland. Not haughty Prelates e'er adorn'd thee
wholly new, and never us'd before in
fo,
rAfterwards, his grandfon James Marquifs of
Hamilton, was created Duke of Hamilton by
Nor ftately Mitres caufe of all -thy woe,
As Cluyd's Mufes grace thy bleit abodes,
King Charles the firft, and his younger brother,
William (Secretary to the faid King) Earl of And litt thy head among the deathlefs
burrough ot the Shire ; gods.
Lanerk, from the head
Cluyd, great flood for plenteous Fifh re-
who after the death of his brother Duke James
!

But both theft nown'd,

was alfo Duke of Hamilton.
Honour defen- And gentle ftreams that cheer the fruitful
dying without itfue-male, the
ground.
ded to the Lady Anne, eldeft daughter to Duke
Earl of Selkirk, But happy Glafgow, Cluyd's chiefeft pride, -
James, who marry 'd William
Glory of that and all the World befide,
created afterwards Duke of
Hamilton. Alfo, <

Spreads round the riches of her noble

Lord John Hamilton, third fon of William
<

the
tide.
of Hamilton, w as created Earl of Ruglen
Duke
Earl of Ru-
Sim- by King William the third.!
Earls ofThe Glotta or Cluyd runs hence by Botlrwell, want remains of Roman
proud of its Earls; viz. JohnRamfay, who was TNor does this tract
Bothwel.
the third, Antiquity. For from Errickftone in the one end,
too much a creature of King James
to his own and the Prince's ruin ;
and the Hep- to Mauls Mire in the other, where it borders
evident footfteps of a
burns, of We have fpoken before. [Near upon Reinfraw, there are
whom this
Walter, Pri- Roman Caufey or Military way, called to
Blantyre. this place is Blantyre, from which,
day
12 I CJ CLUTDESDALE. 12/,
R.oman day the Watlin-jlreet. This in fome parts is Honour of Vifcount Mount -Crawford, which he
High-way. viable for whole miles together ; and the peo- afterwards changed again to the title of Gar-
ple have a tradition, that another Roman Street nock. Near this, is Crawfird-Dyke, where are Crawfird-
went from Lanrkk to the Roman Camp near well-built houfes and a little more to the South, Dyke. :

Falkirk. New-work, where the Town of Glafgow hath New-work.

"Ufinehago. At LifinehagOi a Town in this Shire, was a built a new Port, and called it Port~Glafgow,-p ott .Q\ a ^
Priory and Convent or" the Monks ot the order with a large Publick Houfe. Here is the Cu-gow.
or" JTaffis Caulium, a fort of Ciftercians, founded ftom -houfe for all this Coaft and the Town ;

by Fergus, Lord of Galloway, and a Cell ot
Kelfo.-]
On the hither bank of the Cluyd, lies
Barons Rein- the Barony of Reinfraw f fcparated from the
fhire of Dumbarton on ,the Weft by the Ri-
ver Clyde ( which carries up Ships ot great bur-
den for ten miles.) On the Eaft, it is jnyned
to the Shire of Lanrkk-, and on "the Weft and
of Glafgow hath obliged the Merchants to load
and unload here.l Pajlay, fin thefe parts,"! wasPaflay."
formerly a famous Monaftery, founded by * A~* Walter,
lexander the fecond, High Steward cf Scotland,
and was inferior to few, in a noble Church, and
rich Furniture. But, by the favour of King
James the fixth, it | gave a feat, and the title + Gives, C.
ol Baron, to Claud Hamilton, a younger fon of

South to the Sheriffdom of Aire. It is in length the Duke of CaJile-HerAlt. TThe Abbey and
twenty miles, and in breadth eight, but where Church, with Fair Gardens and Orchards, and
broadeft thirteen. That part which lyeth near a little Park for Fallow-deer, are all encloled
Clyde is pleafant and fertil, without mountains with a Hone-wall, about a mile in circuit. The
only, has fome fmall hfmgs but that to the
: Monaftery here was of the Order of the Clvr
South, South-weft, and Weft, is more barren, macks. The Chancel of the Church is yet {land-
hilly, and moorifh. The Nobility and Gen- ing where lie buried Robert the fecond, and
j

try of this Trad, keep up almolt a conftant his mother. At this Town, is a large Roman
relation, by marriage one with another. The Camp the Prxtorium is at the Weft end on a
:

convenience of the Frith ot" Clyde ( the Coaft riling ground, upon the defcent whereof the

whereof is all along very fafe to ride in) hath Town of Pafly ftands. This Pratorium is not
caufed good improvements in thefe parts.] large, but has been well fortified with three
The Barony is fo called from its principal tones and dykes of earth ot which fo much is
;

Town, which feems to be Ptolemy's Randvara, ftill remaining, that one on horfe-back cannot
Randvara.
and lies on the River Cathcart, upon which the fee over them. It feems to have inclos'd all
of Catkcart have their habitati- that ground on which the Town ftands, and
Barons Cath- alltienC Barons
on;, on. Near adjoyning-(for this little Province may have been about a mile in compafs. When
you tread upon the ground of the Pratorium,
Cruikfton. ] s fun f Nobility) lies Cruikjlon, antiently the

of the Lords of Darley, from whom by it gives a found as it hollow ; occaiioned, pro-
feat
right of marriage it came to the Earls of Le- bably, by fome Vaults underneath, fuch as are
nox ; whence Henry, the Father of King James at Camelon and Airdoch, two others of their
Halkead. the fixth, was call'd Lord Darky. Then, Hal- Camps. About a quarter of a mile from this,
Baronsof
R oos
y^tne relidence of the Barons of Ros, fwho are two other rifings, one to the South, and
-
'
have been Lords of Parliament ever fincc the the other to the Weft, which, with this, make* .

reigu ofKing James the fourth, and are! des- a triangular torm. By the footfteps remaining,
cended originally of Englifh blood, as deriving they feem to have been little larger than the
Pratorium ot the firft, without any fortificati-
'

their Lineage trom that Robert Roos of Warke.

who left England, and came under the Allegi- ons, fave a (ingle Foffe and a Dyke of the fame
ance of the King of Scots. [Betides thefe, at form. It is probable enough, that thefe might
Gumrock. t he weft end of a fair Bay, ftand Gumrock be the Stations for the outer-guards. At
Town and Cattle, where is a good road and Langfyde alfo there is the appearance of an old Langtyde,

harbour lately contrived, and a village built. Camp on the top of the hills. Here, a battle
Greenock. More inward, {lands Greenock, a good road, was tought between Queen Mary and the Earl
and a well-built town, of beft account on all ot Murray, call'd the Field of Langfyde.
this Coaft. It is the chief feat of the Herring- And (to give the Reader the remains of Ro-
fifhing, and the Royal Company of Fifhers man Antiquity in this Tract, at one view) there
have built a Houfe at it, for the convenience of were found at Erskin, upon the river Clyde .the
trade. In the fecond year of Queen Anne, John two following Inscriptions :

Crawford was advanced by Her Majefty to the

Thefe
I 21 5 DAMN II. 1216

IMRCTMLIO
HADMAMMNTO
NIMAV&P.P.
VEX.LEd.YI.VIC
?.F.OWS.VALLI.
P. 00.00.00.00.C.XLI

*/
jkp.c.rAE
ADRIANO.
fTONINO.
?.pi0.p.p.
^
A>
Ed. XXVV.
LD.XI.

Thefe are now placed, among others, in the bove. They fifli for them moftly in fummer-
Library at Glafgoiu. time, and meet with them at the bottom of
In the Lands of New-yards, near Pa/ly, is a che water in a fifh-fhell, much larger than the
Ebbing- remarkable Spring, which is obferved to ebb ordinary Mufcle.1
s P rin £* and flow with the tide, tho* on a far higher Not far from Pafiay, is Sempill, whofe Lord Barons Semi
ground than any place where the tide comes. is Baron Sempill, I
(advanced to that Dignity pill,
The water of the River Whyte-Cart ('upon which by King James the fourth,! and,, by antient
Pafiay ftands ) is commended
for its largenefs, right, Sheriff' of this Barony. But I have read,
and the of the Pearls that are fre- that the title of Baron Reinfraw by fpecial
finenefs
quently found hereabouts and three miles a- right belongs to the Prince of Scotland.

LENNOX.
 ;

121/ 1218

LENNOX.
N the other fide of the Cluyd, Levin out of the Logh into the Clyde, ftands
above Glafcow, Levinia or Len- Al-Cluyd, fo called by the antients. Bede ob-Al-duM.
nox runs out a long way North- ferves, that it fignifies the Rock Cluyde, but I
ward, amongfl a continued know not in what language. Ar-Cluid in the
knot of hills, fit is alio call- Britifh certainly fignifies upon Cluii, and Chid,
ed Dumbartonshire, trom Dum- in old Enghfh fignify'd a Rock. Succeeding
barton, a Burgh-royal and chiet ages call'd it * Dunbritton, that is, the Britain? See the

Town in the Shire, and is made a part of the town ( and corruptly by a tranfpoiition of let-Di^ 01"*
ot
Damnii ; though fome learned men, according ters, Dunbanon,) becaufe the Britain: held it J°„'
tl,e

to the diviiion of it into the High country and longer than any other place, againft the Scots,
"Scotland.
the Low, have thought it more convenient to Piers, and Saxons. For, both by nature andDunhritton.
make the latter, part of the Gadeni, and the fituation, it isthe flrongcft Caftle in all Scot-B" "™-
former, the feat of the Vacomagi the remains ; land, feated at the confluence of two rivers, dunum -

i„
of which name they obferve in a village upon a green plain, on a craggy two-headed rock.
Loch-kmund, called Blowvochie. It is bounded Upon one ot the heads, ftands a high Watch-
on the South, with the river Clyde and its Firth ; Tower ; upon the other, which is fomewhat
en the Weft it hath Logb-Lung, and a water lower, many flrong Towers. It hath but one
of the fame name which falleth into it ; on afcent to it, and that on the North-fide, be-
the North it hath the Grampion-hills ; and on tween the two heads; having fcarce room
the Eaft, the water of Blane divides it from enough to pafs one by one, (by fteps cut out
Stirlingfiire. Its length is about twenty four of f the rock,) crefswife, with a world of labour, OhV wm
miles, and its breadth about twenty. The
f H
Upon the weft-fide, the Levin; upon the South,™?"".
Lower part lies to the Eaft, and is very fertil the Cluyde, fervc inftead of ditches. Eafhvard
in corn, efpecially towards the Rivers. Tl: lies a Morals, which, at every Tide, is wholly
Higher is hilly, mocrifh, and more fit for under water. Towards the North, it is very
pailure, efpecially where the Grampion-moun- well fecur'd by the fteepnefs of its fituation.
taim begin. The country
very well furnifhed Here, fome Remains of the Britains (who,
is
as
with Gentlemens feats ; particularly, here is thi
Gildas writes, generally retreated for jllelter, a
See ^wgw. Caftle of Murdoch, the refidence of the Duke the tops of craggy inacceffible mountains, to thick Fo-
of Montrofs. It is furrounded with hills on refts, and to Rocks upon the Sea-Jhore,) prefuming
all fides, except the South ; and is lull ot upon the natural ftrength of the place, and
Ifles, fome whereof are cultivated and inha- their own Courage, defended themfelves after
bited.! the departure of the Romans, for three hun-
Lelanonms. This Tract takes its name from the River dred years, though in the very midft of their
Logh-Lo- Levin, Ptolemy's Lelanonim, which falleth into Enemies. For in Bede's time (as he himfelf
inund. t h e Cluyde, out of Logh-Lomund, a Lake that writes) it was the beft fortify
'd City that the
*
Twenty C. fpreads it felf under the Mountains, * twenty Britains had. But in the year y;6. £aArtR..Ho«dee,
flour! miles in length, and eight in breadth. It King of Northumberland, and Oeng King of
is excellently well ilecked with Fifll ; especially the Piers, with their joint Forces
fhut it up on
with one fort thatis peculiar to it (they call every fide, and reduced it to fuch
extremity, that
it Pollac.) It hathlikewife feveral Iflands in it lurrender'd, upon Articles.
Pollac-fifh,
From this place,
concerning which there are many Traditio- r( which, as we have faid, is a
it,
Burgh-Royal,
nal ftories amongft the ordinary fort of people. and chief town of the Shire)! the Territory
As for the Fkating-ljland here, I fhall not call round about is called the Sheriffdom of Duubarton,
the truth of it in queltion ; for what ihoulo and hath long had the Earls of Lennox for its
hinder a body from fwimming, that is dry Sheriffs, by inheritance, fit was erefted into
and hollow like a pinace, and very light an Earldom by King Charles the fecond, in
Lib .8. ancl f0) Pliny tells us, that certain green tile perfon of George Douglafs (one of
Epilt. 20. T(l
the young-
w
amj s cover'd ith reeds and ruffles, float up er Sons ot William Marquifs of Douglas) who,
and down in the lake of Vadimon. But I leave Oefides his high birth, render'd himfelf very
it to the Neighbours, who know the nature of eminent by his military Services.!

this place, to be Judges, whether this old Di- As for the Earls of Lennox ; not to mention The Earls of
ftick of our Necham be true, chofe more ancient, one Duncan was Earl of Lennil »'
Lennox in the Reign of Robert the fecond.
He dying.left two only Daughters behind him ;
Ditatur fiuviis Albania, faxea ligna one ot which was marry 'd to Alan Stewart, who
Dat Lomund multa frigiditate potens. was defcended from Robert, nger fon of
Walter the fecond, High Steward of Scotland.Stewart.
Scotland's enrich'd with Rivers, Timber and Brother of Alexander Stewart the fecond,
thrown founder of the Royal line of Scotland. For
Intocold Lomund's waters, turns to chis illuftrious Family took its name from
that
Stone. Honourable Office of Steward of the Kingdom,
diat is, the perfon who had the charge of
the
There are many Fifhermens Cottages round Revenues of the Crown. This Alan had ifi'ue
about, upon the banks of the Logb but no John Earl of Lennox, and Robert who was made
;

Kilmoronock. thing worth our notice, except Kilmoronock, Captain of the Scotch Guard iu Corps (iirft
:

T Now a beautiful Houfe of the t Earl of Cajjil, feated eftablifhed by the French King, Charles the
Seat <tf the upon the Eaft-fide ; which hath a delicate pro- fixth, in rccompence
of the good fervices which
Cockrains,
fy e
Q. j nt0 t K Le
[ ^
g ut at tnj j n f] ux f t ]K that nation had done the Crown of France •)
,

7 P «
1219
as alfo Lord of Aubigny in Awvergns, by the fame
King, as a reward ot his valour. John had
iflue, Matthew Earl of Lennox, who marry'd
the daughter of James Hamilton by Mariona,
daughter to King James the fecond, by whom
he had John Earl of Lennox who, taking
;
up
Arms to deliver King James the fifth out of
the hands of the Douglajjes and Hamiltons, was
DAMN1I. 1220
had of the King the honour of Earl of March,)
King James Tthe fixthl conferred the title of
Duke of Lennox upon Efme Stuart, fon of John
Lord D'Aubigny, fecond Brother of Matthew
Earl of Lennox aforefaid; which his (on Lo do-
wick (or Lewis) * enjoy 'd after him. For fince * Enjoys at
the reign of Charles the fixth, there were of this da ^ c *
this line, Lords of Aubigny in France, the faid Lords of Au-

kill'd by his Uncle the Earl of Arran. This Rvbert before-named, and Bernard or Eberard bl S n y-
John had iflue, Matthew Earl of Lennox, who, (under Charles the eighth and Lewis the
after many troubles in France and Scotland, tweltth) whofe memory hath been tranfmitted
found fortune more favourable in England, un- to poiterity by Paulus Jovius, with much com-
der the patronage of King Henry the eighth, mendation tor his valiant Exploits in the
who beftow'd upon him his lifter's daughter in War oi Naples. He was a moft faithful Com-
marriage, with a large eflate. The iflue of panion of Henry the feventh when he came tor
this happy match were Henry and Charles England; and ufed for his Device | a Lion be-\lwfou\ss.
;

James KingofHenry, by Mary Queen of Scots, had James tween buckles, with this
motto, Diflantia 'Jun-
Great Bri- the fixth, King of Great Britain, born by the git, becaufe by his means the Kingdoms of
tain, propitious favour of heaven, at a moft lucky France and Scotland, fo far diftant, werejoyn-
juncture, to unite in one Imperial Body the Bri- ed together in a ftrict league of Friendfhip:
paraamus '
tifh World, divided before as well in it felf, as As likewife Robert Stewart, Lord D'Aubigny f
* So faid, from the reft of mankind and (as we * hope the fame family, a Marefcal of France under
;

ann. 1607. an ^ pray) to lay a fure foundation of Peace and Lewis XL did for the fame reafon ufe the

Security for childrens children, for ever. As Royal Arms of France with Buckles Or in a
for Charles, he had iflue, one only daughter, Bordure Gules ; which were from that time
Arabella, a Lady who made a progrefs in learn- born by the Earls and Dukes of Lennox.
ing, fo much beyond her Sex, and was fo much [The race of the Dukes of Lennox aforefl-id,
improved thereby in all virtuous Accomplish- being extincf, by the death of Charlts Duke of
ments that (he might well be compar'd with Lennox and Richmond, Ambaflador from King
;

the Ladies of ancient days. When Charles Charles the fecond to the King of Denmark,
was dead, and the Earldom of Lennox ( of and the Eftate falling to the King by Succeflion,
which he flood enfeoffed) was by authority of his Majefty confer'd the title ot Duke of Len-
Parliament returned in the year 579. and his nox upon Charles his natural Son, about the
Uncle Robert, Bifhop of Cathnefs, had born fame time that he advanced him to the honour
this title for fome time (in lieu whereof, he of Duke of Richmond in England."!

STERLING Sheriffdom.

:. borders to the North

Terlingfbire poffeiflon of the Romans, and their Enemies
upon Lennox, and is fo
eaft; removed as it were into another Ifland ; fo that
named from its principal town Tacitus was right in his judgment, that no
For fruitfulnefs of foil, and other Bound of Britain was to be fought for.
the number of Gentry, it is Nor indeed, in after-times, did either the Va-
outdone by no County in lour of their Armies, or the Glory of the Ro-
Scotland ; fit is ufually rec- man^ name (which could fcarce be flopped)
koned within the bounds of the ancient Damnii ; carry the limits of their Empire farther in thefe
but ithath been the opinion of one, who hath parts ; although they harrafled them, now and
confidcred thefe matters very accurately, that then, with inrodes. But, after this glorious
this, as well as the adjacent part of Dumbarton- expedition, Agricola was recalled, and Britain
shire, belonged to the Gadeni ; a name, referring (as Tacitus fays) lay neglected nor did they
;

to this narrow neck of land. It is encompafled keep their poifeflion thus far. For the Caledo-
to the Weft with Dunbartonflnre, to the South nian Britains drove the Romans back as far as
with part of Clydefdale and part of Dunbarton- the River Tine; infomuch, that Hadrian who

shire, to the Eaft. with the fhire of Linlithgow, came into Britain about forty years after, and
and to the North with the Firth and river of retormed many things in it, made no farther
Forth : where it is longcft, it is about twenty progrefs, but commanded that the God Termi-The God
miles; and where broadeft, twelve miles over. nus (who was wont to give ground to v\Q\\c)^srminia -

The South part is high hilly ground, fome- fhould yield to Hadrian, and retire backwards
what moorifh, and fit for pafture ; but that out of this place, as he had done in the Eaft to
which lies upon the Firth of Forth is very fertil, this fide Euphrates. Whence that of St. Au-
and abounds with Coal.1 guftine, "The God Terminus, which gave not plate hug. de Civ.

Here is that narrow neck of Land faforefaid,! to Jove, yielded to the will of Hadrian, yielded f Dei, 1. 4.
c 2 9-
by which Glotta and Bodotria, or (to ufe the of Julian, yielded "
the rafbwfs to the necejjities of

language of thefe times) Dunbritton Frith, and
Edenborough Frith, Arms of different feas, which
come a great way up into the Country, are kept
from joining. This, 'Julius Agricola, who went
thus far and farther, firft obferv'd, and forti-
fied the ftreight with Garrifons; by which
Jovian. So that Hadrian contented himfelf to
make a Turf-wall between the rivers Tine and
Esk, one hundred miles on this fide Edinbo-
rough-Frith. But Antoninus Pius (who being
adopted by Hadrian, bore his name, and was
ftiled Titus A-Llius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius) did

means, all Britain on this fide was then in the again, under the conduct of LoUim Urbicm,
whom
 ;

1221 STERLING Sheriffdom. 1^22

whom he fent his Lieutenant into Britain, re-
pel the Barbarians beyond Edinborough-Frith.
and build another Wall or Turt^ befides that or D. M.
Hadrian, according to Capkolinus. To prove C. L I V
which wall to be in the very place we arc now
J
MARGE LLINI
treating of ( and not drawn by Severus, as is P F. R M
commonly believed,) I will produce no other C H. I. O I R. HA M O
Cohors prima
Wltnefles than two ancient Inscriptions dug up
Hamiorxm,
here ; one of which is fixed in the wall of a
Antoninus houfe at Colder, and informs us, that the Legio But when, in the Reign cf Commodus, the
Pius's wall. Secunda Augufla built the wall for three miles barbarous nations had pafs'd the wall, and har-
and more ; the other is in the Earl Marshal's rafs'd the country; Severus (as I have already
Houfe at Dunotyr, which hints, that a party of faid) repaired the Wall of Hadrian. But after-
the Legio Vicefima Ftblrix, made it for three wards,^ rhe Romans, again, brought under their
miles more. But take them here, as Servatim fubjedion all the Country between. For (as
Rihelius a Silefian Gentleman, who made cu- Ninius has told us) Caraufius under Diocletian
rious obfervations upon thefe Countries, copied repaired this Wall, and fortified it with [even
them for me. caftles. Laftly, the Romans fortified this place
in the reign or Theodofias the younger under
3
the conduct of Gallia of Ravenna.
IMP. C^SARI Now (liith Bede) they made a Turf-wall to no
T. .ELIO HADRI pnrpofe, building it not fo much with Jlones as with
ANO ANTONINO turfs (as having no artificer that underftond fo great
a -work) between two Friths or arms of the jea, for
AVG. PIO P. P.
many miles together; that, where the fence of water
VEXILLATIO was warning, there, by the help of a wall, they might
LEG. XX. VAL.VIC.F. defend their Marches from Incur/ions of the Enemy.
PER MIL. P. III. Of which work (that is to fay, of a very broad and
high wall) the plain joutfleps are to feen at this day.
This wail began (as the Scots report) at the Ninnius.
River Aven, which falls into Edinborough-Frith ;

IMP. CiES. TIT. IO jELIO and having pafled over the little River Canon,
HADRIANO ANTON. reaches to Dunbritton. But Bede, as I faid but
AVG. PIO P. P. LEG. II. AVG. now, affirms that it begins in a place called Pen-
PER. M. P. III. D. CIXVIS. vael, that is, in the PiSifh tongue, the head of
the wall ; in the Britilh Pen-gual, in the Englifh
Pen-walton, in the Scotch Cevall (all which
At Colder, where this latter Infcription is, names are undoubtedly derived from the Latin
there is another Hone to be feen, on which; Vallum ;) and that the place is almcfl two
within a Laurel Garland fupported by two lit- miles from Abercurvig or Abercurning. It ends Abercorn.
tle ViBories, we read thus i (as the common people think) at Kirk-Patrick,
the birth place of St. Patrick the Irifh Apoftle,
near Cluyde; but according to Bede, at Alcluyd;
and as Ninnius tells us, at the City Pen-Alcloit
which may feem to be but one place. But this
Wall is commonly called Graham's Dyke, either Graham's
irom Graham, a. valiant Scot who figualized him- Dyke.
felt in breaking through it, or from the mountain
Grampius, at the foot whereof it is viiible.
The Author of Rota Temperurn calls it the Wall
of Aber-corneth, rhat is, of the mouth of the
River Cometh, where, in Bedims time, was a
famous Monafiery (as he tells us) on the Englifh fide
of the Pale, but near the Frith, which divided the
Englifh Lands fro?n thoje of the Pi&s.
Hard by this wall of turf, where the River
Canon cuts Sterlingfhire in two, to the left
are two Mounts call up, which they call Duni Duni pads.
Pads; and almoft two miles lower, an ancient
in a Village, called Miniabruch ; this round
piece of building, twenty lour cubits
And
was removed out of the Minifter's high, and thirteen broad, open in the top, and
Infcription
framed ol rough iionts without lime, and ha-
*NobiHs. houfe, into a * Gentleman's |> then in build
Exxdifica- ing : ving the upper part of each flone fo tenanted
f-
into the nether, that the whole work riling nar-
rower and narrower, fupports it felf by mutual
interlacings.

Some
 ; ;

1223 D AMN II. (224-

* See Euchan. Some call this the Temple of the God * Ter- Content to keep their own, on Canons
M- in R. eg- minus ; others, who father every thing tint is fhore
Donald- They fiVd the bounds of their rehired
magnificent upon Arthur, Arthur's Oven ; others
Arthur's
alfo call it Julius Hoff, and fuppcfe it was built power.
Oven,
by Julius Cafar : but I fhould rather have
thought, by Julius Agricola, who fortified this TNigh the Duni Pads beforementioned, is
ancient Cadet of the Kilfyth.
part; had not Ninnius informed me, that Ca- Kilfyth, belonging to an
raufius ere£ted it for a Triumphal Arch. For "amity of the Levingflons, who in the year 1606.
be (as Ninnius writes) built upon the bank oj was a Lord of the Seffion, and his SucceiTor
Carron a round houfe of piffled ftone, eretling a was by King Charles the fecond, in the year
"Triumphal Arch in memory of a viclory ; and re- 1661, created! Vifcountof Kilfyth. Here the + Now, for-
built the Walk and fortified it -with feven Caflles
;
Marquis of Montrofs obtained a fignal Vi&ory.l kited by At-
tainder
In this Sterl'mgflnre, on the Eaft fide, we have
-

ffo that what Hedor Boethius teils us from

Veremundus, That it was evident from an In- profpect of Callendar-Cajlle, belonging to the Catlendar.

fcription taken away by King Edward the firfl, Barons pf Levingfton; fwhich, with the Lands ot Barons Le-
that it was a Temple dedicated by Veipafian to Almond, were purchaied by James,
fecond Son vtngfton.
the honour of Claudius, mult probably be a to Alexander the firft Earl of Linlithgow, who
miftake.l by King Charles the firft was created Lord
In the middle, between Duni pads and this Almond, and then Earl of Callendar, in the
piece of building, on the right hand bank of year 164.1.I And at Cwnbernald, hard by, Cumber nald.
Carron, there is yet a confus'd Appearance of \a dwells the Family
of the Barons Fleming ; which
little ancient City, where the common people Seat was bellowed
upon them by King Robert
believe there was formerly a Road for Ships Brus, for their good fervice, in valiantly and
f(and it is true, that fome years ago an Anchor loyally defending their country on which ac-
;

was found, a little to the weft of Duni Vaci<:)~\ count they had alfo conferred upon them the
They call it Camelot (a name often ufed in honour of Hereditary Chamberlains of Scotland.
King Arthurs ftory,) and contend, but in vain, And this family [who had enjoy 'd the Dig-
that it is the Camahdumim mentioned by Ta- nity of Barons from the time oi King James
citus. From the name of the River Carron, the fecond,! * was, by the favour of King* Very late- ly
that runs under it, it may rather feem to be James the fixth, farther honoured with the '

Coria Dam- the f CoriaDamniorum, mentioned by Ptolemy. title of Earl, upon his creating J. Baron .

niurutn. [The footfieps of the Streets, and fome Vaults, Fleming ~Ea.r\ of Wigton. In the neighbourhood Q^yy^on"
\ SeeDif- are j^jjj And now take the verfes Hands Elphingfton, honoured with its Barons,
t0 b e feen.l
courfeofthe
g uc ianan tna t incomparable Poet, upon who were advanced to that dignity by King
-
]

this boundary of the Roman Empire at Car James the fourth,

fand w'hofe relidcnce this is ;
in Scotland,
adorned with a large wood, of Firrs, &c.~\
And, upon the crooked windings of the Forth Frith of
(where it is capable ot a bridge) Hands Sterling, Eden,
Roma faurigeris pratendit moznia Scotis, commonly called Sniveling, and Sterling-Borough
Hie fpe progireffm pofita, Carronis ad ttndam which is over-top'd by a firong Cafile of the
Terminus Aufonii fignat divortia Regni. Kings, Handing upon the brow of a Heep rock
and was beautified with new buildings by King
James the fixth. It f was long under the com-f Hath been,
A frontier wall againft the Scottijh force mand of the Lords of Ereskin, as Caftelkns ; who*-.
The Romans rais'd, nor farther urg'd their had often had the charge and tuition of the
courfe ; Princes of Scotland, during their Minority.
But they are much miflaken, who think that
1225 STERLING Sheriffdom. \'ii6
our good and lawful money commonly winter is very * rapid famous lor as glorious a * Rapidu,
of England-, ;
j .

Sterling- called Sterling-money, takes its name from hence victory asever the Scots obtained, when Edward tut !n the
mo npy. came from the Germans, who were
|| for that the lecond King of England was put to flight,^'""
Errata, trc-
II m. Sots,
termed Eafierlings by the Englifti, from their '

Glef. Ea-
and fore'd to fave himfelf iu a Boat; and the
jltrlingus. living Ea/kcard and who were firft called-in
; fineil Army that England had ever fent our,
by King John, to reduce the Silver to its du was routed by the valour and conduct of King
finenefs and (uch money in antient writings is
: Robert Brits. Infomuch, that for two years alter,
always called Eafierling. But Johnf ton's verfes the Englifti did not in the leaft dilUirb the
upon Sterling fhalliupply the reit. Scots. A neighbouring Field is infamous for
the murder of James the third ,-
(lain here by
certain Noblemen of Scotland, who had arm'd
Regia fublimh celfa defpe&at ah arte the Son againft the Father. Whether the fault
Pmdulafub biferis mwnia ftrutia jugis. was more his than their's, I know not but this ;

Regurn augufia parens, Regum nutrkula natis, I am lure of, the Example was very perni-
Him fibi Regifico nomine tota placet, cious.
Ilofpha fed cuivis quovisfub nomine, amicus Ptolemy feems to place his f Alauna lome- Alarnia.'
Sive es, Jen nan es3 hqfpes an boftis ite?n. where about Sterling; and it was either upon Alan, t See Kf.
Pro lucro cedit damnum. Difcordia triftis a little River that runs here into the Forth, or l ° a,{i "{!'h!
Hut quoties procerum fanguine tinxit huminn ! utAl-way, afeatoftlie£mfa»r, ["heretofore! he-
f° I'mZI
Hoc uno injelix, at felix cetera, nufquam reditary Sheriffs of all the County without the
Latior nut cozli from, geniufve foli. Borough; fwhich Office belongs at prefent to
the Earls of Callender.
The lofty palace with proud ftate looks down Belides Sterling, here is Falkirk, a Burgh ofFalkirk.
On circling walls that grace the fubject town. Barony, well built upoh a riling ground, and
Mother and Nurfe to Prince's deareit cares, much beautified with buildings by the firft
And ever proud of the great name Ihe bears. Earl of Kalendar, brother to the Earl of Linlith-
But ah too fondly kind to friends and toes, gow, a perfon famous for his valour and conduct.
!

While none her hoipitable feats refuie. Hew Sterling alfo, Hands the Abbey of Cam- Cambuske.
Such gains too oft* to fatal loiles turn. buskeneth, which belonged to the Monks of theneth.
What fewds, what fiaughtcrs muft lhe ever Order of St. Augujlin, and was founded by King
mourn ? David. To which we will add, Emamtel, aEmanucI.
Haplefs in this: all other joys attend, Nunnery of the Ciftercian Order, founded by
No purer air ihe owns, no richer land. Malcolm the fourth, and (landing upon Elian-
And wealth and pleafure wait at her com
mand.
zuater^\
A
I have not read of any one honoured with the
title of Earl of Sterling, [till Sir IfiUiam Alex-
ander (the King's Lieutenant in Nova Scotia,
About two miles hence, the river Banoc runs and who had precedency of all thofe Baronets)
between very high banks on both (ides, to- was created, firfl Vifcount, and then Earl of
wards the Forth, with a ilream which in thi Sterling, by King Charles the firfl. I

7 Q. CAL E~
22 7 I 2 2S

»f338£ mast®

CALEDONIA-
LZ, that part of Britain*, which lies North-ward beyond Graham's I5yfee, fAS w
forementioned Wall of Antoninus Pius, ab^ ;Vtt o«i on both fides, is called by
Tacitus Caledonia ; and the People, The Britains inhabiting Caledonia. Ptc-
lemy divides them into many Nations., -viz,, the Caledonii, Epidii, Vacomagi,
&C. All thefe were afterwards, from their retaining that cujtom of painting their
bodies, called Picts by the Romans and Provincials, 'they are divided by Am-
.miunus MarceSinus into two Nations, the Dicaledoncs, and Ve&uriones, which
have been treated oj before. ["77'e Dicalfdont'S feem to have poffeffed the Countries
of Argile, Perthfhire, and part oj Lougbaber, with the mountainous part of
Angus Ve&uriones, the reft oj Scotland, north oj the Firth of Forth, 1 But, in Claffick Authors,
; and the
they all go under the name of Caledonii; who, I fhould think, were fo called of Kaled, a Britifb word
jignifying hard, which in the Plural number is Kaledion ; whence Caledonii, that is, a people hardy,
rough, unciviliz'd, wild and ruftick, fuch as the Northern People generally are; of a fierce temper,
from the extream coldmfs oj their climate ; and bold and forward, jrom their abundance of blood. And
bejtdes their climate, the nature oj the Country contributes to it, rifing up every where in rough and rugged
mountains and Mountaineers are known by all to be a hardy and robuft People. But whereas Varro
;

aledgesout o/'Pacuvius, that Caledonia breeds men of: exceeding large bodies, I fliould rather think
it meant of that part of Epirus called Caledonia, than of ours ; although ours too may fuftly challenge this

commendation. Among thefe, was the Sylva Caledonia, called by Lucim Florus Saltus Caledonius,
SylM Cale
donia. fpread out to a vaft compafs, and by reafon of the thicknefs of trees, impajfable ; and, divided by the
Mountain Grampius, now called Grantzbaine, that is, the crooked Mountain. Solinus tells us, It is
Ulyffes' plain, that Ulyffes arrived in Caledonia, by a votive Altar inicrib'd with Greek Characters But :

Altar. Ifbould rather think, it was fet up in honour of * Ulyfles, than by Ulyfles himfelf Martial alfo in this
* Concerning er re
his being in
^ mmmu the Caledonian Bears
-

Britain, and
his Altars in
feveral Na- Nuda Caledonio fie pe&ora pracbuit urfo,
tions, fee the
r
™T. £iv.
m ' His mked bre t0 Caledonian bears
<fi
He thus expos'd."

Plutarch alfo writes, that they tranfported Bears from Britain to Rome, where they had them in great ad-
miration but Britain has bred none for many ages.
', What fort oj Monfter that fhould be, which is men-
tioned by Claudian,

- Caledonio velata Britannia monftro

With Caledonian mongers

Great Britain next appears ; —
cover d o'er

/ cannot really tell. It certainly bred in ancient times abundance of wild milk-white Bulls, with thick Caledonian

manes like Lions ; but it breeds few now a-days, andthofe very cruel and fierce, having fuch an averfion Bulls,
to mankind, that for feme time they cannot endure any thing handled or breathed upon by them ; nay, they

value not the baiting of dogs, though Rome in former ages wonder d at the fiercenefs of Scottifh Dogs, to
fuch a degree^ that they thought they were brought over in cages oj Iron. However, this word Caledonii
grew fo common among the Roman -writers, that they made vfe of it to exprefs all Britain, and all the
Forejls of Britain. Hence Florus tells us, that Cafar purfued the Britains as far as the Caledonian
Forefts ; and yet he never faw them. Hence alfo Valerius Flaccus addrefjes himfelf thus to Vefpa-
fian ;

Caledonias
 : >

1229 CALEDONIA. 1230

* >— Caledonius poftquam tua Carbafa vexit

Oceanus. ' - — -. - -

When Caledonian waves your flreamers bore %

That is, the Britiih Sea. Hence likewife Statins addrejfes his vtrfes to Crifpinus, concerning VeftiuS
Volanus, his Father, and Proprietor of Britain about Vitellius'r time,

Quanta Caledonios attollet gloria campos,

Cum tibi longxvus referet trucis incola terra,
Hie fuetus dare jura parens, hoc cefpite turmas
Aftari, ille dedit, cinxitque hax mcenia fofla,
Eelligeris hsec dona deis,hax tela dicavit,
Cernis adhuc titulos, hunc ipfe vacantibus armis
Induit, hunc regi rapuit thoraca Britanno.

What glories Caledonian plains /ball boa/l,

Whenfome rude native of the barb'rous coaft
Salutes you thus, Here, Sir, with awful /late
Tour noble father oft in judgment fate.
On this [mall hill I've feen the Heroe ftand,
While willing Legions heard his jufi command.
Thefe walls, thefe ditches, own his mighty hand,
Thefe Arms (their old inferiptions yet appear,)
He fix'd, glad trophies to the God of War.
"This fumptuous Corflet for the fight put on,
And this from Britain'* Prince in combat won.

But in thefe, m in other things*

Crefcit in immenfum facunda Jicentia vatum.

Nor laws nor bounds poetick licence owns

For neither Cafar nor Volanus ever fo much as knew the Caledonians. In Pliny s time (as himfelf
witneffes) winch is almofl thirty years after Claudius, the Romans, with all
their expeditions, had
carried their vilhries in Britain no farther than to the neighbourhood of the Caledonian Foreft. For
Julius Agricola, under Domitian, -was the firft that enter d Caledonia, which was then under the go-
Galgacus the vemment of Galgacus (called in the Triadum Liber, among/1 the three Worthies
of Britain, Galauc ap
Britain. Liennauc) a Prince of mighty fpirit and courage ; who having routed the ninth
Legion, did with an un-
daunted re/olution charge the Romans, and with the utmo/l bravery defended his
country t till fortune,
rather than his own valour, fail'd him. For then (as he faith) thefe northern Bri tains were the ut-
moft bounds both of land and liberty. And they certainly were the utmoit
Inhabitants of this I/land^
as Catullus calls the Britainsthe Utmoft Inhabitants of the world, in his verfes to Furius :

Csfaris vifens
monumenta magni,
Gallicum Rhenum, horribiles 6c ulti-
mofque Britannos,

lo view the noble marks of Grfar'j power,

The Gallick Rhine, and Britain's farthe/l jhore,

In the time cf Severtts (as we read in Xiphiline) Argetecoxus, a petty

Argetccoiruj, King, reigned over this Tract;
whoje wife, being reproached as an Adulterefs by Julia the Emprefs,
frankly made this anfwer. We Britifli
Dames have to do with the braveft men, but you Roman Ladies with every bale lewd fellow,
in
private.

FIFE,
1231 CALEDONIA. 1232

FIFE.
7
^^^^^? N this large Country of the mily of Rothefs. To the north, it is divided
r?M ffff'^-, Caledonians, beyond Sterltng- from Angus by the Firth of Tay ; to the north-

f«$ W^,
-
tP$Z*
|(J

1^'- -J
Hiire (of which I treated laft) weft, from part of Perrhfliire by the fame Firth
are two ntr e Governments or of Tay, meeting alfo with part of Strathcrn

v¥$$$ Sheriffdoms
'

; Clackmans, of to the weft, it

;

hath the Ochill-hills, Kinrofs-

gsg&llggsb?!^ which a Knight named de fhire, and part of Perthfhire; to the fouth, the
Kinrofs. Carfs, and Kinrofs, of which Firth of Forth, dividing it from the Lothians;
*Is, C. the Earl of Morton*' was Sheriff; i(but the firft and to the eaft, the German Ocean. It is in
hath been purchafed by Bruce of Clackmannan, length, thirty two miles, and about feventeen
Clatkma and the fecond by Sir William Bruce. ) Clack- wide. To the weft it is more- mountainous;
nanfliire.
mananjbire (To called from the head burgh of it, to the eaft much plainer. The north and fouth
Clacbnanan) is bounded to the north by the parts are very fertile in corn, and full of Towns
the fouth by the Firth of Forth, with good bays and harbours; but the middle
Ochill-hilh, to
to the eaft with part of Perthshire, and to the is more proper for pafture. the fouth fide On
Weft with part of Sterlingfhire. It is about eight alfo, there is much coal, and many falt-pans,
miles in length; and where broadeft, but five. where very good fait is made. They have a
Towards the Country, and a quarry at Dalgate of excellent free-ftonc, em-
Firth it is a plain
fertile the reft is fitter for palture ; but ploy'd in the beft pieces of Architecture ; and
foil ;

that below the OchiU-ftiBs abounds both with near the Water of Ore they find Lead, as
Grain and paflurc. About Alka and Clack- alfo many fine Chryftals of feveral colours at
manan, they have great ft ore of Coal-pits; the the Bin and at Orrock. They have likewife feve-
Coal whereof, together with their Salt, fumifh ral Mineral Waters ; as, the Spaw at Kinghorn,
a foreign trade. It is watered with the river and Ballgrigie.l
Devan, which runs fix miles through the fhire. In the fouth-fide hereof, upon the Forth, we
CUckmanan, Clacbnanan is feated on a rifing ground ; the firft have alight, Weftward, of Cul-rofs fatore-
Caftie whereof is a ftately dwelling, with fine faid, feated on a defcent the chief Commo-
;

Alloa. gardens and good Inclofures. Alloa is a plea- dities ot which are Salt and Coals. Itsgreateft
fant little town, with a fmall harbour tor (hips; ornament, is the ftately building of the Earl
where is a Caftie, which hath been the chief of Kimardin, with the gardens and Terrace-
refidence of the Earls of Mart, hereditary Go- walks about it, which have a pleafant profpect to
vernoursof Sterling-CaS&e. It is alfo adorned the very mouth of the River ForthA This is a
with fine Gardens and inclofures. I late ereded Barony in the perfon of Johnj- So hid;
Kinrofs- Kiitrofsjhire is another little traft, lying to the Cohill. TNear Culrofs, to the north-weft, isann.1607.
fhire.
north, fo called from a town feated in the Kincardin of which Edward Bruce of Carnock
;

middle of the Shire not tar from a Loch, about was created Earl by King Charles the firft.l
;

four miles in length, and as many in breadth, Then, we fee Dunfermling, feated on an Emi-£> un ferm .'

which abounds with Pykes, Trouts, &c. and with nence, and a famous Monaftcryin former times j ling,
all forts of water-fowl. It has one Illand, upon which was built by King Malcolm the third,

which the Caftlc ftands and another, wherein and was alfo the place of his Burial. ||It gave, Now {t
;

are to be feen the ruins of the Priory of Port- the ftyle and title of Earl, to that wife Statefr gives, C.
molloch, which belonged to Monks of St. Au- man Alexander Seton, who was defervedly ad-
gufline's Order: It is called St. Serf's- inch, and vanced from Baron of Fivy to be Earl of Dun-
was anciently the refidence of fome of the Kul- femding, and was alfo made Chancellor of the
dees. Out of this Loch flows the water of Le- Kingdom of Scotland, by James fthe fixthl
vin. Between the town and the Loch, is a King of Great Britain. Then, upon the Frith
pleafant plain, where a ftately houfe hath been ftands Kinghorn, from which Patrick Lyon3 Baron Earl of
built by Sir William Bruce, which for the good- Glamys, by the favour of King James the fixth, Kingnorn,'
nefs of the ftone, the curious Architecture, and * received the title and honour of Earl, fand * Lately, C.
the avenues, gardens, and inclofures, together they are alfo Earls of Strathmore.l After this,
with the pleafant profpect of the Lough and the upon the fhore, is Dyfert, fituate on the fide of Dyfert.
Caftie, gives place to few feats in Scotland.l a rifing ground, with an open heath of the fame
Beyond tliefe Sheriffdoms, lies Fife, a very name ftretch'd out before it. Here is a good
fine Pcuinfula, wedged in as it were between large place, winch they call the Coal-plot, that
two Arms of the Sea, the Forth and the Tay. hath great plenty of an earthy Bitumen, part
and fhooting out a long way to the Eaft. The whereof f is on fire, not without damage to thef Ann. 1607.
land yeilds great plenty of Corn, Forage, and neighbours, fit hath a harbour, and much
Pit-coal the Sea, befides other fifh, yeilds trade in Coal and Salt; and is the refidence of
:

abundance of Oyfters and Shellfifl) ; and the coaft the Lords Sinclaire. William Murray of the
is well planted with little towns, that breed family of Tullibardin, was by King Charles
good ftore of lufty Seamen. ["This Sheriffdom the firft created Earl of Dyfert which title of ;

was anciently called Rofs; the remains of which Dyfert was alfo confer'd on his daughter and
name are ftiil preferred in Culrofs, i. e. the back heirefs, and from her conveyed to her fon Sir
or hinder part of Rofs, and Kinrofe, i. e. the Lionel Talmafl), the prefent Earl.l Near Dyfert,
head of Rofs. The name of Fife, k had from lies Ravinf-heugh, that is, the Raven scraggy bill,
Fifus, a Nobleman, to whom it was given by the feat of the Barons St, Clare, or Setncler jg t Q .
art t

King Kefleth the fecond, for his great fervke who were advanced to the honour of Peerage
I

againft the Pifts. The Sibbulds of Balgonie, for by King James the fifth.l Above this, the River y^ R_| ver
more than an hundred years, were Hereditary Levin buries it felf in the Forth which River Leven. ;

Sheriffs of it and upon the failing of that Fa- runs out of the Lake Levin, wherein ftands a
;

mily, the Sheriffdom was transferred to the Fa- Caftie of the Douglas's, now Earls of Morton.
fSir
 ,

i2 3 3 FIFE, 1234
:
Books left to it by Sir John Wedderburne.
Sir Alexander Lefly, General of the Scots forces,
of

was by King Charles the I The New College was founded by James Bea-
fh-fl: created Earl of .

Levin, in the year 1641.! hath at its ton, Archbilhop, wherein are two Profeflbrs,
The Forth
noble fa- always Doctors of Divinity, the one Riled Prin-
Wemrms- mouth Wanmis-Caflle, the feat of a
Caitle. mily of that (irname, who were * advanced to cipal ProfeJJor of Theology, the other only Profejfor
> Lately, C. the dignity of Barons by King James the fixth ; of Theology. To thefe was added a Profeilor of
Fanu in the year ICV33, to the" dignity of Earls; Mathematicks for the improvement of which ;

to whom belongs the new built Haven, very Science, the firfi Profetlbr, Mr. James Gregory,
commodious for Shipping.! procured an Obfervatory to be erected in the Col-
From hence, the lhore bends inwards, with lege-garden, and alfo furniitled it with many
Fif-Mls. many windings and turnings, as far as Fif-nejs, Mathematical Inftruments."] In commendation ,

of this place, J. Johnflon, Regius-Profeilor of

that is, the Promontory or Nofe of Fife. Above
St. Andrews. it, St. Andrews, an Archiepifcopal City, hath a Divinity there, hath thefe Verfes ;
fine profpe-a into the open Sea. Tit takes the
name, from St. Andrew whofe bones are faid

FANUM
(

to have been brought over hither from Patrol in

Peloponmfm, by Regulus a Grecian Monk, in
REGULIj
the year 36S.) and was the principal See ot the
old CuldeesA The more ancient name of this She
St. Regulus, place
was Regimund, that is, St. Regatta's Mount,
as appears by certain old Evidences, in which
we read, Ocngus or Ungm, King of the ViBs, gran-
Andrew, that jhould be the
ANDREAPOLIS.
God and
ted unto St. it

Head and Mother of all the Churches in the Picis

Dominions. And then an Epifcopal See was Imminet Oceano, paribm defcripta viarunt
placed here, whofe Bifhops, as all the reft of Limhibm, pingui quam bene feptafolo ?
the Kingdom of Scotland, were cohfecrited and Magnificis opibm, ftaret dum gloria prifca
confirm'd by the Archbifhop of York till, at ;
Pontificum, hie j'ulfit Pontificals apex.
the interceffion of King James the third, by Mufaritm ojlentat furretla palatia coslo,
reafon of the frequent Wars between the Scots Delicias hominum, deliciajque Deiijn,
and Englilh, Pope Sixtxi the fourth conflituted Hie mmm umbriferum Phxbi, Nymphaque
the Bifliop of St. Andrews Ptimate and Metro- furores
politan of all Scotland ; and Pope Innocent the Candida qum inter prmitet Uranie.
eighth bound him and his fucceffors to the imi- Qua me hnginquts redeuntem Teutonis oris
of the Metropolitan of Canterbury, in thefe
tation Sufcipit, excelfo collocat inque gradu.
words, That in matters concerning the Archiepifcopal Vrbs nimii'.m fcelix Mufarum
Ex Cam. Apt fi bona wjfet
Jlrfhk 1. 24.
flute, and the offices of
Primacy and Legatine power, Munera, & atherii regna beata Dei.
with their rights, and the free exercife thereof, and Pelle malas &
peftes urbe,
they Jhould follow,
qua: noxia Mufu%
the honours, charges, and profits ;
Alme Dem> toe ant Pax Pietafqus ftmuL
hep, and inviolably obferve the laudable cufloms of
the famous Metropolitan Church of Canterbury, whofe
Archbifiop is Legate-bom of the Kingdom of Eng- In equal Streets the beauteous Structures
land, &c. But before this, Lawrence Lundms and
run,
Richard Corvil, Do&ors of the Civil Law, rea- And tow'rd the Ocean {ketch the fpacious
ding publick Lefturcs in this place, had laid Town.
the Foundation of an Univerfity ; which isnow While Rome and Mitres aw'd the eafie
grown famous for the many learned men it State,
hath produced, and for its three Colleges, and, Here the great Prelate kept his fplendid
in them for the Regim-ProfeJJors. I The City
Seat.
lies towards the eaft, with a pleafant profpeft
In lofty Courts the gentle Mufes reign,
to the Ocean, as hath been faid ; and has And cheer with heavenly numbers Gods and
harbour for Ships. It had formerly a very
Men.
ft rong Cattle, fome remains whereof are yet While tuneful Phcebm charms the founding
to be fcen upon the rocks to the north ; and the groves,
ruins of the Cathedral Church and Monaftery And wond'ring Nymphs repeat his facred
fhow their ancient Magnificence. The chief loves.
Church is that called the New Church ( not far Here me, returning from the German
from the New College) wherein is a very ftately Coafi
Monument of Archbilhop Sharp ; they have To thofe dear Comforts I fo lon^ had
alio another Church, which is called St. Leo-
loft,
greateft ornaments, are the
nard's. But their Me Phcebm bleft with his peculiar care*
three Colleges before-mentioned ; 1. St. Sah Me in his honours gave the largefl
tor, commonly called the Old College, founded fhare.
by fames Kennedy, Bifliop of St. Andrews, to- Too happy Town, did fhe but rightly
gether with a Church, wherein he hath a curi- know
ous Monument. Dr. Skene, Principal, repair'd The gifts that Heaven and Heaven's dear
and augmented it and alfo founded a Libra-
;
tribe bellow.
ry, which is now very well furnifhed with Far hence, ye guardian powers, all dangers *>

Books. 2. St. Leonard's College was founded chafe,

by fames Hepburn, Prior of St. Andrews in which ;
But crown the Mufes and the facred !
15 a Principal, who is always Doftor of Divi- place r
nity, and the four Profefl'ors of Philofophy ; to With conftant joys of piety and
whom Sir John Scot added a Philohgy-Profejfor, peace. J
with a liberal Salary, and augmented the Li-
brary with the gift of feveral confiderable Vo-
lumes ; fince encreafed by the great Collection R Hard
7
 ;

12 35 C ALE DON I A. 1236

Hard by, the little river Eden or Ethan Auxit opes virtus, virtuti dura pericla
hath its entrance into the Sea ; which rifes 'JuiiEla etiam lucre damna fuere fuo.
Falkland, near Falkland, formerly belonging to the Earls Qua jecere viris amnios, cultumque dedere,
ot Fije, but now a Royal Retirement, and ex- Magnanimis profunt, damna, pericla, labor.
cellently well feated tor the pleafures of hun-
ting, fit was built by King James the fifth,
and the Duke of Athol is Hereditary Keeper or O'er all the fhore fo thick the towns are
it. It is particularly famous for giving the ti- fiiown,
tle of Vifcount to the Family oi Cary, in E You'd think them thoufands, and yet all but
land of which was Lncim Lord Falkland, a
', one.
perfon of excellent Parts and Learning, and As many fands as Forties great ftream can
eminent for his Loyalty to King Charles the hide,
firif.l From thence Eden runs (under a con- As many 'waves as fwell the rifing tide,
tinued ridge of hills, which cuts this Country So many vefTels cut the noify Hood,
Struthers. in the middle,) by Struthers, lo called from the Such numerous tribes the fcatter'd hamlets
abundance of Reeds that grow there and a Ca- ; crowd.
ttle of the Barons Lyndfay, Cof whom was de- On land fome ply their work, and fome on
fended jfohn Lord Lyndjay, created by K. Charles feas,
the firft Earl of Lyndfay.~\ Next, Eden runs by And fcorn the pleafures of inglorious eafe.
Cupre. Cupre, a noted Borough, where the Sheriff keeps Through what ftrange waves, to what for-
his Court. Upon which J. fohnflm hath thefe faken fiiores,
Verfes.; The lab'ring youth ftill urge their (lender
oars ?

CUPRUM F I F £.
Thus
But
riches come,
riches
and happy plenty flows,
ftill to accidents expofe; S>
">

And he that gains muft ever tear to lofe. j

Arva inter, nemorijque umbras & pcifcua^ lata Thus bred in hardfiiips and inur'd to care,

Leneflticiu vitreis labitur Eden aquis. They trull their courage, and forget to fear.
Hucveniat fiquis Galhmm a finibus bvfpes, Lofs, pains, and all that angry fate can fend,
G allied je hie iterum forte videre putet. Prove but incentives ro a noble mind.
Anne etiam ingeiiium hinc & jervida petlora
traxit ?
An pot ins patriis haujerat ilia fecis ? The Governour of this County, as likewifexiiane.
of all rhe others in the Kingdom, was in ancient
By fields, by fhady woods, by Howry meads, times a T'hane, that is, in the old Englifh tongue,
Hischryftal ftream the gentle Eden guides. the King's Minifler, as it is alfo in the Danifli
To thefe bleft feats fiiould Gallick ftrangers at this day: but Malcolm Canmore made Mac-
come, duff, who was Thane of Fife before, the firfl
They'd no change, but think themfelves hereditary Earl ot Fife; and, in con fide rat ion £ 3r s f
find \

home. at of his good fervices, granted that his poflerity Fife,

Did that kind neighboring country lend-» fliould place the King (at his Coronation) in
the town u the chair, and lead the van-guard in the King's
The wit and courage file fo oft hath > Army ; and if any of them fiiould by chance
fliown ? k kill either a Gentleman or a Commoner, he
Or was fhe better furnifh'd from her own ? -> fiiould compound for the murder with money.
Not far from Lundoris, ftands a ftone-crofs,
which js a boundary between Fije and Strathern, Crofs Mac-
The fhore now turns towards the North ; with old barbarous verfes upon it ; and it had duff,
and upon the a-ftuary of Tay, flood two famous thus far the privilege of a Sanctuary, that any
Bolmerir.ock. M011 a it erics viz.. Rolnwinock, built by Queen Manilayer ally'd to Mac-duff, Earl of Fife, with-
;

Ermengerd, wife to King William, and daughter in the ninth degree, if he came to this crofs,
of Viicount Beaumont in France, and proud of and gave nine cows, with a * Heifer, he fiiould * Olphdach.
its Baron 'James Elphinjlon fwho was created be acquitted of the manslaughter. When his
;

in the year 1604. by King James the fixth, and Poflerity loll this title, I cannot learn ; but it
whofe Defendants do ffill enjoy the fame ho- appears by the Records of the Kingdom, that K.
Lurdoris. nour :1 and Lundoris, founded amongft the David the fecond gave this Earldom to IVilliam
.j.Now, C
Woods by David Earl of Huntingdon-, and f the Ramfay, with all and every the immunities, and
Barony of Patrick Lejly ; fwho was created Lord the Law which is called Clan Mac-duff. And
Lundoris about the year i<5oo, and whofe Dcf- it is look'd upon as undeniable, that the fami-
cendant is the prefent Lord Lundoris.! Between lies of Weimes and Douglas, and that great Clan
Eanbrlc!:.
tne fe tw0 J 'y es Banbrich, a feat of the Earls of Clan-Hatan, whofe head is Mac-Iutoskech, de-
Rothes, ftrongly built in form of a Caftlc. But fended from them. 1 find alfo by the learned
concerning the Towns ot Fife, lying along the J. Skene, Clerk-Regifter of Scotland, in his
fliore, take, if you pleafe, thefe verfes of Significations of words, that Ifabella, daughter and
J. John/Ion; heir to Duncan Earl of Fite, granted the Earl-
dom of Fife upon certain conditions to Robert
Opida Jic toto funt fparfa in littore, tit union the third, King of Scotland,
. in truft for
Dixeris, inque uno plurima juncla eadem : Robert Steward, Earl of Mentcith ; who being
Littore quot curvo Fortba: volvuntur arena, afterwards Duke of Albany, and ambitioufly
Quotque undis refiuo tunditur ora falo ; afpiring to the Crown, put David, the King's
Pene tot hie cernas inftratum puppibus aquor, eldeft fon, to the moft miferable of deaths,
Vrbibus u crebris pens tot ora hominum. that of hunger. But his fon Murdac fuffered
Cuncla operis intenta domm, fceda otia nefcit the punifhment due to the wickednefs both of
Sedula cura domi, fedula cura forts. his father and his own fons, being put to death
Qua maria, &
qum non terras animofa ju- by King James the firfl ; at which time, a De-
ventus cree palled, 'That the Earldom of Fife ffeuld for
Ah ! fragili fidens audet adire trabe ? ever be united to the Crown. But the authority or
Sheriff
 .

1^37 STRAT BERN.

Earl of Sheriff of Fife belongs by inheritance to the of Vifcount Fentouu by King fames the fixth, Fentouns.
Rothes. £. was created by the laid King, am?. 1619.
ul f Rot]m _

Balfours. Tin this Shire, feveral other perfons of note Earl of Kelly. Sir James Levhigjion of Kin- Leving-
have been advanced to the dignity of Lords. tiaird was created Lord Newburgb by King & o ns.
Sir Michael Balfour of Balgarvie, was created Charles the firft, and Earl of Newburgh by
fo
Lord * Bur g hlie bv KIn £ J amt,s tIie fixth and King Charles the fecond. Sandilands, Lard of Sandi lands,
feiuTb At- 5

tainder. Sir Robert Mehil ,Lord Mehil,by thefame King; St. Mnnans, was created Lord Abercromby by
Melvils. of which Family, George Lord Melvil wascreated King Charles the firft; and Lieutenant General
Earl of Melvil by K. William and
Lir.dftys. Sir David Lindjay was created Lord Belcarras by King Charles the
Q
Mary. Ldly, Son to the Lord Lundoris, was created
fecond, Lord Newark. Newark.
by King Charles the firft, and 'his Son Alex- And from Kingftown, Sir Alexander Seaton,
under, afterwards, Earl of Belcarras by King younger Son of George Earl of Winton, re- + Now, for-
Charles the fecond. Sir fhomas Erskine, who ceived the title off Vifcount from King Charles
fcl te *
.
b >' M '

tainder "
had before been advanced to the dignity the firft.1

ST RATHERN.
'
S far as the yEftuary of Tay eldefl of the Coheirs of Stuart Earl of Athol, See Perth'
which is the bound of Fife on his Son John fucceeded to the dignity of EarlJ^f.
the North fide ; Julius Agri- of Athol ; and Sir Patrick Murray his brother,
cola, the heft of all the Pro became Earl of Tullibardin ; whofe Son James
under Do- dying without iflue, the Eftate and Dignity
pra;tors of Britain,
mitian the worlt of the Empe- tell to John Earl of Athol, 1
1
Upon the other
rors, carried his victories, ii bank, lower, ftands Duplin-Caftk, the feat Duplin Bs-
the third year of his Expedition ; having wafted Theretoforel of the Barons * Oliplmnt which ftill ron OH- ;

Into this JEftuary, falls remembers how great an overthrow (not to P^

nt
the Kingdom fo far.
-
^
*
The Riverthe noted River of Em which riling out of a be. equalled in former Ages) the Englifh, who annj i»-i
;

Em. Logh of the fame name, beftows it on the came to aflift King Edward Baliol, gave the Scots
Country that it runs through; for it is called there: infomuch, that the Englifh writers of
Straith-em, which, in the ancient Britifh, fig- that time, attribute the victory wholly to the
niries a Valley tipon Em. [This Stewartry feems power of God, and not to the Valour of man ;
to be the leme, mentioned by Roman Writers. and the Scots report, that there fell of the
For in it are many Roman Camps, one parti- family of Lindjay eighty perfons; and that the
cularly at Ardoch very remarkable, the figure name of Hays had been quite extinct, had not
and defcription whereof is in the account ol he head of the family left his Wife big with
* See, the * fhule. Betides which, there is a Via Mili- child at home. TThe Lands of Duplin were
the end taris, or Roman high-way, towards Perth fe- purchafed by Sir George Hay,
: who was firft:
yeral Roman Medals have alfo been found, and created, Vifcount Duplin, and afterwards Earl
not many years lince, two Fibula curiouflj of Kinnoul, by King Charles the firft.l Not
enamelled, with a Sepulchral-floue f. far off, ftands hmermeth, well known for itS
+ ibid. Lo j s r
The Ocbil-hslls, which run along the South [ancient] Lords the Stewards, of the family ot nermct i, g
parts of this Shire, abound with metals and Lorn ; fwho were advanced by King James the
minerals; particularly, they find good Copper, fixth to the honour of Earls of Athol.l
and the Lapis Calaminaris ; and, in Glen-Lyon, But after the conflux of and 'fay ; the Em
they meet with Lead. Here is great want of fay, now become broader, fees above it upon the
Coal; but their excellent Peats, and the abun- bank, Abemeth, antiently the Royal Seat of the Aberneth-
dance of wood, fupply that defect."] Picts, and a populous city; which (as we read
The banks of the Em
are adorned with in an old fragmene) NeElanus, King of the Pith,
Drhmin-Caflle, belonging to the family of the gave to God and S. Brigid, till the day of judgment ;
Barons Barons of Drummond, who have been advane'd jether with the bounds thereof, which lie jrom a
Dn to great honours, lince King Robot Stewart tl
the fione in Abertrent, to a flone near Carful, that is
i

mond. Loghiol, and from thence as far as Ethan. But

third married a wife out of this family. F<
the Women of that family have been, for char a long time after, it came into the poffefTion of
ming beauty and complexion, beyond all others; the Douglajfes, Earls of Angus, who are called
infomuch that they have been mofl delight- Lords of Abemeth, and are fome of them there
ed in by the Kings : [Of the faid Family interred.
James Drummond was created by King James The firft Earl of Strathcrn that I read of, was Earls oF
the fixth, Earl of Perth, from the head burgh of Robert Stewart,"\n the year * 1360. Then,Z}rtT//t/, Stratherr
the Shire: Alfo, James, a Son of the fame Fa- a younger fon of King Robert the fecond. a
mily, was created, by King James the fixth, whofe only daughter being given in marriage
Lord Maderty ; and Lieutenant General William to Patrick Graham, was mother of Mailije or
Drummond, was by King James the feventh Melijfe Graham, from whom King James the
created Vifcount of StratbaBan.l firfttook the Earldom as efcheated, after he had
And upon the fame bank, fullibardin-Cadlc found by the Records of the Kingdom, that it
fhews aloft
it felf and that, with greater ho-
; had been given to his f Mother's Grandfather, j- Avo m,
nour, fince, by the favour of King James the and his Heirs Male. This Territory (as alfo terno.
EarlofTul. fixth, John Murray Baron of Tullibardin; wasad- Menteith adjoyning) was under the government || Is, C.
||

libardin, vanced to the title and dignity of Earl of TuHi- of the Barons Drummond, hereditary Stewards
bardin, [whofe Son William having married the of it; fbut now the Lords of Doun (Earls of
Murray)
 12 4-3 C ALEDONIA. 1244.

C ANT I R E.

Logh Ogh-Finn, a Lake which in the Ships, having an Ifland in the mouth of the
Fir
proper feafon produces incre- Bay/]
dible (holes of herrings, divides This traft is inhabited by the family of Mac-
Argile from a Promontory, Cornell, who are very powerful here; but yet at
which, for about thirty miles the command of the Earl of Argile. They,
together, grows by little and fome times, in their * little Vciiels, make ex-* Mhparoni-
little into a fharp point, and curfions tor booty into Ireland, and have pof-^ Mr -

thrufts it felf with fuch a feeming earneftotfs fefs'd themfelves of thofe little Provinces, which
towards Ireland (feparated from it by a narrow they call Glims and Rowte. This Promontory
ftreight of fcarce thirteen miles) as if it would lieth clofe to Knapdah, with fo fmall a neck of
call it over to Ptolemy calls this the Pro* land (being fcarce a mile over, and fandy too)
it.

Epidium. montory oftkeEpidH', between which name, and that the Sea-men, by a fhort cut, as it were
the Iflands Ebuda ( eppofite to it) rrethinks tranfport their veflels over land. Which one
there is fome affinity. It is now called in lrifli would fooner believe, than that the Argonautes
(which language they ufe in all this Trait) laid their Argos upon their fhoulders, and car-
Can-tyre, that is the Land's head; Tand (as hath ried it along with them five hundred miles.
been faid) is about thirty miles long, and eight [This place gave, firft, the title of Lord, to a
or nine brond, and hath in it a Burgh of Ba- brother of the Earl of Argile; and afterwards,
rony, fituate upon the Lough of Kilkerran, call'd \\ hen the head of that Family was created Mar-See p. 1242.

Campell-Tovm ; where is a fate harbour for quis, he was made Earl of Cantire.~\

LORN.
Omewhat
higher, towards the them, were, in the year of our Lord 605.
North, lies Lorn, a Country held by thofe Pitts, which Bede calls the Nor-
producing the baft Barley, and thern Pitts; where he tells us, that in the faid
divided by Logh-Leave, a vafi Year, Columbanus a Prieft and Ablot, famous /oj-Lib.
3. c. 4.
Lake, upon which ftands Be- the profifficn of Monkery, came out of Ireland into
Ecrogotnum.
rogomum a Caftle, wherein the Britain, to inftrufi: thofe in the Chriftian Reli-
Courts of Juftice were anti- gion, -who by the high and fearful ridges of Moun-
Dunftafrg. ently kept and not far from it, Dunftajag,
: from the Southern Countries of
tains, -were jequefte/d
that is Stephen s Mount, antiently a feat of the the Pitts;and that they in requital, granted him
-ogh-Aber. Kings; above which, is Logh- A ber, a Lake that the Ifland Hii, lying over-againft them, now
infinuates it felt fo far into the Land out of rfaid to be] I-comb-kill; of which in its proper
the Weftcrn Sea, that it would meet the Lake [But againft the fuppofing this to be
place.
of Nefs, which empties it felf into the Eaftern I-comb-kill, it is alledged, that it appears not
Ocean, did not the hills, which lie between, fe- that the IVeftern Ijles belonged to the Pifts at
parate them by a very narrow neck. The clfief that time ( fo that they could not difpofe of
place in this tract, is larbar in Lcgh-Kinkeran, any part of them ; ) and that it was more pro-
Tarbar.
where King James the fourth, by authority of bably Hoia, one of the Orkney-IJIes.l
1503.
Parliament, conftituted a Juftice and Sheriff, to Its Stewards, in the laft Age, were the Lords
adminifter Juftice to the Inhabitants of the of Lorn ; but now by an heir-female it is come
Southern I£tes ; Fbut now the Shires of Argile to the * Dukes of Argyle, who always ufe this,* Earls,
C.
and T'arbar are joined into one.] among their other titles of honour.
Thefe Countries, and the others beyond

BRAID-
 12^5 ii\6

BRAI DALBI N.
ORE inward, among thejdied there without ifliie. Whorri, out t
of re-
high and craggy ridges of the Jfpeft and deference to the blood Royal of
Mountain Grampim, where Scotland, Francis the firft King of France,
1

they begin a little to flope honour'd fo far, as to allow him a place in

and fettle downwards, lies France, between the Archbifhop of Longres,Tllf*
Braid-Albin, that is, the high- and the Duke of Alencon, Peers of the Realm.
eft part of Scotland^
(tor the After his death, there was no Duke of Al-
true genuine Scots, call Scotland in their Mo- bany, till Queen M~ry conferred this honour
Albin. ther-Tongue, Albin ;) and that part where it upon Henry Lord Darky, whom, in a few
rifes up higheft, Drum-Albin, that is the Ridge days after, file made her Husband ; and King

of Scotland. But in a certain old Book it is James the iixtli granted the fame to his fe-
* afterwards Duke*j^
read Brun-Albin, where we find it thus writ- cond fon, Charles an Infant, ow q s
ten, Fergus the Son of Eric -was the firfi of the oi York, fand then King- After whofe Re-
feed of Chonare, that enter d the Kingdom of Al- ftoration, James Duke of York, afterwards
bany, from Bmn-Albain to the Irifo-fea, and King James the feventh, enjoy'd the title of
Hebu- # ini: h-GaU. And after him the Kings of the race Duke of Albany, by creation, during the life
of Fergus reigned in Bmn-Albain or Brunhere. of his elder brother King Charles the fecond.l
unto Alpinm thefon of Eochal. But this Albany Thefe Parts are inhabited by a People, un- Hfghland-
is better known for its Dukes, than tor the civilized, warlike, and very milchievous, com- men.
Dukes of AU Produce of the ground. The firft Duke of monly called Highland-men ; v, ho being the true
bany. Albany that I read of, was Robert Earl of File, race of the ancient Scots, fpeak Irifh, and call
who was advanced to that honour by his Bro- themfelves Albin-nkh. A
People they are of
ther King Robert the third of that name firm and compact bodies, of great ftrength,
yet he, fpurr'd on by Ambition, mod ungrate- fwift of foot, high minded, inur'd to the
fully flarved to death David his Son, the next exerciies of War, or rather Robbery, and de-
heir to the Crown. But the punifhment due fperateiy bent upon revenge. They wear, af-
to this wicked fad, which himfelf by the ter the manner of the Irifh, \ itrip'd Mantles f Plaids,
forbearance of God came heavy up- of divers colours, with their hair thick and
felt not,

on his fan Mordac, Duke of Albany, long ; living by hunting, fifliing, and Healing.
fecond
who was condemned Treafon and behead- In war, their armour is an iron head-piece, and
for
ed, after he had feen two fons executed a coat of Mail ; and their arms, a bow, bar-
his
in like manner, The third bed arrows, and a broad back-fword. And,
the day before.
Duke of Albany was Alexander, fecond fon being divided into Families, which they call
of King James the fecond, who being Re- Clanns, what with plundering and murdering,
gent of the Kingdom, Earl of March, Man, and they commit fuch barbarous outrages, that
Garioth, and Lord of Annandale and Mann, was their favage cruelty hath made this Law ne- Parlfam.
outlawed by his brother Jiimes the third, and ceflary, That, if one of any Clann hath com- 1 ^ 1 -

after many ftrugglings with the World and the mitted a trefpafs, whoever of that Clan chances
difficulties of it, happen'd in the end, as he to be taken, fhall repair the damage, or fuff'er
flood by to fee a Tournament at Paris, to death.
be wounded by a fplinter of a broken Lanci fin the reign of King Charles the fecond,
nd (o died. His fon John, the fourth Duke Sir John Campbel of Glenurchie^ Baronet, an an-
of Albany, who was alfo Regent, and appoin- cient and powerful Cadet of the Family of
ted Guardian to King James the fifth, being Argile, was created Earl of Braidalbin, about
charmed with the pleafures of the French the year i6$i and this Family are hereditary
;

Court (as having married a daughter and co- Bailies thereof.!

heir of John Earl of Auvergne and Lauraguene,)

PERTH-
 ;

i247_ CALEDONIA 1248

VERT HSHIRE.
UT of the very bofom of thelcrable a piece of cruelty : infomuch chat JEne*
Mountains of Albany, ifliies the as Sylvias, then Nuncio in Scotland to Pope
Tay, the greateft river in all Eugenius the fourth, is reported to have faid,
Scotland, and rolls along vio- That he could not tell whether he Jhould give them
lently through the Fields, till greater commendations who reveng'd the King's death,
widening it felf into a Lake or punijh than with p?arper cenjures and inveEiives,
full of Itlands, it there retrains who polluted them/elves with jo heinom a Parricide-

courfe. After this, being kept within After an interval of fome few years, this ho-
its
waters Perth, a large, plentiful,and nour was granted to John Stewart of the houfe
banks, it
from Perth, a Burgh of James, firnamed the Black
of Lome, fon
rich Country, ffo called
Royal, and the head burgh of the County ) Jean, the widow of King James
;
Knight, by
daughter of John Earl of Somerfet,
the
which to the north and north-welt hath Bade- firft,

and * neice to John

of Gaunt Duke of Lancafter 1 *
W/tfc
tmh and Lochabyre, to the north-ealt is bounded
with Marr, to the weft with Argilefhire, to the
hofe Pofterky enjoy it at this day. [That is
to fay, by the marriage of Dorothea Steuart, el-
fouth-weft with Dumbarton/hire, and to
the
deft daughter of the laft Earl of Athol, with
of Sterling-
fouth with Clackmannan/hire, part
firth of Forth to the William Murray Earl of Tulllbardin whofe De-
fhire, and the river and
',
;

and to fendants have been fucceflively advanced to

fouth-eaft, it hath Kinros/bire and Fife j
the eaft, Angm. The length of it from eaft to the higher honours, firft of Marquifs, and
then of Duke, of Athol. Lord Charlet Murray,
weft is above fifty two miles, the breadtii about
forty eight. The high grounds are good pa- fecond fon to the Marquifs of Athol, was by
and the low very fruitful in Corn.l
King James the feventh created Earl of Dun-
sture,
The Tay receives the Amund, a little River more i and William, the fourth fon of the faid
coming out of Athol This Attn I (to make a Marquifs, and his defendants, became veiled
a with the title of Lord Nairn, by marriage with
fhort aigreffion,) is infamous for Witches', but
only daughter cf Robert Lord Ndmi.1
country fruitful enough, having woody yailies, the
where once the Caledonian Foreft (dreadful for
Now the Tay, being enlarged by the Influx
The Caledo-
its dark intricate windings, and for its
denns of of the Almund, makes for Dmikeld, adorned byDankeld.
nian Forell.
Bulls, King David with an Epifcopal See. This, on
Bears, and its huge wild thick-maned
of the name, is look'd upon by moll
which \\e have mentioned before) extended it account
and near in thefe parts. As for the as a Town
of the Caledonians and thofe per- ,*

felf far
fons interpret it, The bill of Babies, who will
Places herein, they are cf little acccunt ; but
Earls of A--the Earls are very memorable. Thomas, a young- have it to take the name from the Haxdes of the
Caledonian Foreft. [It is furrounded with plea-
tnoL er Son of Rollout of Galloway, was, in right
fant woods, at the foot of the Grampian hills,
of his Wife, Earl of Athol ; whole fon Patrick
on the north-fide of Tay. The ruins of the Ca-
CViTortfcon was murder'd at Hadington in his Bed-cham-
Mailrofs. ber, by the Bijfets, his Rivals ; and they
im- thedral Church are ftill to be fetn. It is the
chief Market-Town of the High-lands ; and
mediately fet thehoufcon fire, that it might
is of late very much adorned with {lately
be fuppofed he perifhed cafualiy in the flames.
In the Earldom fucceeded David Haftings,
who buildings, erected by the Duke of Athol. Sir
had married Aunt by the mother's James Galloway, Mailer of Requefts to King
Patrick's
whofe fon that Daad (firnamed of Strath James the fixth and King Charles the firft, was
lide :

feems to have been, who a little after, in by the latter created Lord Dunkeld. In thefe
bogy)
the reign of Henry the third cf
England, was parts lies G i Hi chrankle, remarkable of late
days Gillichran-
King's Forces, by the latekie.
for the -defeat of the
Earl of Athol, and married one cf the daugh-
fon to King Vifcount Dundee and his Allocates himfelf be-Ann, 1689.
ters and heirs of Richard, bafe
;

Eftate ing kifled in the Aftion.l

John of England, and had a very noble
with her in England. She bore him two From hence the Tay takes its courfe by the
ruins of Berth, a little defolate City not for- Berth.
Sons, John Earl of Athol, who being very \\n-
;

getting, what calamity it brought upon it in

fettled in his allegiance, was hanged on a Gal-
times paft, when with an impetuous torrent it
lows fifty foot high ; and David Earl of Athol,
pafture and corn-grounds, and
who by marriage with one of the daughters overflow'd the
deflroyed all the labours of the Husbandman,
and heirs of John Comin of Badz.enotb by one
heirs of Aumar de Valence, Earl of
and fwept away this poor City, with a Royal
of the
Infant, and all the Inhabitants. Inftead of
Pembroke, came to a mighty Eftate. He had
who under King Edward the fe- which, King William built Perth, much better
a fon David,
fituated ; and this prefently grew fo rich, that
cond, was iometimes fummoned to Parliament
Necham, who lived in that age, made this
amongft the Enghih Earls ; and being made,
Edward Baliol, Lieutenant-General Diftich upon
it
under" King
of Scotland, was conquer'd by the valour of

Andrew Murray, and flain in a battle in Kelblen-

His fon David had Tranjts, ample Tai, per rura, per oppida,
Foreft, in the year 1335.
per Perth,
only two daughters, Elfaabab, married to
Regnum fujtentant ijlimurbis opes*
"Thomas Percy, from whom the Barons de Bur-
rough derive their original ; and Philippa, mar-
ried to Sir Thomas Hal/ham, an Englifh Knight.
Great 7 ay
through Perth, through Towns,
Then the title of Athol fell to that Walter through Country flies
Stewart, fon to King Robert the fecond, who
:

Perth the whole Kingdom with her Wealth

barbaroully murder'd James the firft, King of
fupplies.
Scotland, and was punifh'd fuitably to fo exe-
But
 ;

1249 PERTHSHIRE. 1250

But pofterity hath named it, from a Church horrid Confpiracy, had plotted the murther of
St. John's founded in honour of St- John, St. John's Town. the befl of Princes, James the fixth, who had
Town. And the Englifh, in the heat of ithe war be- created their father William Earl of Gowry ; >

tween the Brufis and the Ballots, fortified it but did afterwards (upon his infolently pre-
with large Bulwarks, the greater! part ot which ferring Laws to his Sovereign, and being con-
the Scots afterwards demolifhed. It is never- victed of High Treafon) behead him. But I
thelefs a neat little City, pleafantly feated be- may feem to have laid too much of perfons
tween two Greens ; and although fome oi the condemned to eternal oblivion and yet the :

Churches are defaced, yet wants it not its beau- mentioning fuch wicked generations, may be
and it is fo divided, that almoft every an ufeful caution to pofterity. TSir "Thomas
ties :

ftreet is inhabited by a feveral trade apart, and Ruthven of Freeland, defcended

of this Family,
is furnifhed by the Tay every tide with Com- was created
by King Charles the fecond, Lord
modities from Sea, in their light Veflels. Upon Ruthven. Not far from hence, is Dincrub from ;

often mentioned, hath thefe which place Sir Andrew Rollo was created Lord
it,
J. Johnflon, fo
Verfes :
Rollo, by King Charles the firft.]
As for Gowry, fo much celebrated for its Gowry,

PERTHUM. Corn-fields, and the fertility

along the other iide of the Tay, and is a more
of the

level Country. In this Tract, over-againft Perth,

Soil, it lies

& anmna vireta,

on the farther fide of Tay, {lands Scone, a ta- Smnc.
Propter aquas Tat Uquidas,
Obtinet in medio regna faperba folo.
mous Monaftery in times pafl, and honoured
with the Coronation or the Kings ot Scotland ;
Nobilhim quondam Regum clarifjima fedes,
ever fince King Keneth, having hard-by made
Pulchra fitu, & pinguis germine dives agri.
a general daughter of the Picts, placed a Stone
Finitimis dat jura locis, moremque modum-
here, enclofed in a wooden Chair, for the In-
que
hac meruijfe dart auguration of the Kings ot Scotland. It was
Huic dare, lam iliis
tranfported out of Ireland into Argile ; and KiDg
Sola inter patrias incinBa eft mvmibm urbes,
Hoflibus affiduis ne vaga prxda foret.
Edward the firft of England caufed it to be
dextm qua pramta convey'd to Weflminfler. Concerning which, I
Quanta virion virtus,
norunt have inferted this Prophecy, fo common in eve-
ry man's mouth ; fince it hath f proved true, |
Cimber, Saxo ferox, genm HeEtoridum. & few of that fort do.
j^ 0Wj c.
Felix laude nova, felix quoque laude ve- as

tujla,
Perge recens, frifcum perpetuare deals.
Ni fallat fattmi, Scoti quocunque locatum

Inveniunt lapidem, regnare tenentur ibidem.

Near Tays great ftream, amongft delightful

plains,
Majeitick Perth in royal fplendour reigns. Or Fate's deceived, and Heaven decrees in
vain,
For lofty Courts or" ancient Kings re-
nown'd Or where they find this Stone the Scots fhall

and ever rich the ground. reign.

Fair is the fite,

Hence Laws and Manners neighb'ring parts

receive,
Their praife 'tis to deferve, and her's to By the fpecial favour of King James [the
fixth,] Scone gave the title of Baron to
|| j| Gives, C.
give.
No Walls like her, her Sifter Towns can David Murray, [created afterwards by the fame
King Vifcount of Stornmouth, which is the
fhow,
Which guard her riches from the bord'ring Upper Part of the Country of Gowry.!
foe.
Where the Tay, now grown larger, fpreads
Arrol hangs over it, the feat of the no-Arrol.
How ftout her Knights, what noble fpoils it felf,

ble Earls of Arrol: They have been hereditary Earls of Ai-:

they won, ro1 *
The Britainsj Saxons, and the Danes have Conftables of Scotland ever fince the time of
known. the Brufes, and deduce their original ( which
Renowned in eldeft and in lateft days ; _ is exceeding antient ) from one Hay, a very

Oh ! may her glories with her years flout and valiant man who, together with his
;

encreafe, \ fons, in a dangerous battle againfl the Danes

And new deferts advance her antient f at Longcarty, catching up an Ox-yoke, did, by

praife. J fighting bravely himfelf, and encouraging o-

got
thcrs, rally the retreating Scots, fo as they
the day. Which Victory and Deliverance, the
* Very late-
King James the fixth * advanced Perth to King and the States afcrib'd to his lingular va-
ly, c. an Earldom, upon his creating James Baron lour.
Whereupon, feveral excellent Lands were
Earl of Perth, Dromond, Earl of Perth.
.
aflign'd in this place to him and his pofterity,

Near Perth is Methven, which Margaret of who in teftimony of this action have a Yoke
for
Baron Meth-
their Coat of Arms. fFrom
ven. England, Dowager to K. James the 4th, purcha- their Creft over
this Family is defcended John now Earl of Ar-
fed with a Sum of money for her third hus-
lived Sir George Kinnaird
band Henry Stewart of the Blood Royal and his rol. Near to which
and did withall obtain for him, of her of Ro[iie, who was created
Lord Kinnaird in
Heirs ;

fon James the fifth, the dignity of a Baron. A the year 1(582.1 As for HuntleyCaftle, hard Huntley-
itCaftle.
I have nothing to write of it, but that
Ruthven, or little lower is Rethvcn, a Cattle of the Reth- by,
to be accurfed, and raz'd out of has given name to a very great
and honoura-
Reuven. vens ; a name
Kingdom ble family ; Tunlefs, perhaps, the title of Earl
all Memorials, fince the States of the
pafs'd a Decree, that all of that name fhould of Huntley was taken from a place in the

lay it down, and take a new one, after that Merj'e, called by that name, which is part of
in an execrable and the Barony of Gordon, the ancient Inheri-
the Rethvens, Brothers,
7 T tance
 '

I2$f CALEDONIA. 1252

tance of this Family. Huntley-Caflle is one gile, there is an ancient Monument of Stone,
ot the dwelling-houfes of the Earl of Strath- cut with feveral figures, faid to be the burial
wore, and now palfeth under the name of Cafile- place of Queen Vanera, who had her dwelling
Lyon ; and is well planted and pleafantly fituate. three miles north, upon a hill called Barmy,
As to Antiquities in this Shire ; at the Mea- where are the ruins of a great building.]

ANGU S.

PON the iEfluaryof tin themfelves bear, but in different colours. UiV-HNowliving,
trick Glamts obtain'd the honour of Earl of^*
fift IVx^' 1 »«' it, along the North-Eske, lies Kinghorn from King James the fixth ; ("which * X y late
"

Angus.
Angm, called by the genuine title hath been changed trom Kinghorn to Strath- '
Sects JEneia ; extending it fell more, as being the largeft Strath in Scotland,
into Fields very fruitful running through Perth/hire and AngusfiAvetz the
wheat and all other forts of Eftate of the faid Earl, for the greateft part, lies.]
grain, with large hills, lakes, At a little diftance, is Forfar, where J uftice Sheriffdom of
forefts, pafturesand meadows and beautified is adminifter'd by the Barons Greys, hereditary Forfar.
;

Baron Gre ^
with very many forts and caftles. TFrom the Sheriffs, who are defcendtd from the Greies of
head Town hereof, Forfar, it is likewife called the Chiliingham in Northumberland, and l~* are faid* Came C
*
is always fo named in theRolls to have firft.
Shire oi~ Forfar, and come] into Scotland with King
of Parliament. Itis bounded upon the Scuth James the firft, when lie returned out of Eng-

with the Ocean and the Firth of Tay upon land. Upon f one of whom, nam'd Andrew, the + The firft
j

the Weft and North-weft, it is divided from King bountifully conferr'd theLordfhipofFoB//V,C.
Perth/hire by a line twenty feven miles long with Helena Mortimer for his Wife. ["The faid
; ||
ja net. 11

towards the North, the ridge of Bincbinnin- Sir Andrew Gray of Faults made a very bright
mountains parts it from the Brae of Marr; and figure in the times of King James the firft and
to the Eaft it is feparated from the Memes by fecond, and was in that reign one of the great
the water of Tarf, and a line drawn from it Barons, who were fixed Hereditary Lords. And
to the water of Nbrtb-Ejke, which to its mouth true it is, that by this marriage the Family
continues to divide this Shire from the Memes. was greatly enriched ; but it is alfo true, that
* twenty eight miles, and a perfon of both the names, who was alfo Son
It is in length about
* Others, 32 in breadth about j twenty and in circumference of the Lord Gray, came into Scotland long be-
.
;

+ Others, 28 'about ninety. It was anciently divided between fore, viz,, in the reign of King Robert Bruce ;
the Scots and Pith the Pitts poflefs'd the low and had from that Prince, in confederation of
:

Champain part lying next the Sea, and the Scots his great Services, a Grant of all the Lands
inhabited that part of the Grampian Mountains which had appertained to Sir Edmund de Ha-
which lie in this Shire. But, upon the Subver- flings, lying in this County. Sir Walter Afhtan,
fion of the Piclijb Monarchy in the reign of Ken- an Englifh Gentleman, was created Lord Forfar
neth the fecond, King of Scotland, it came to be by King Charles the firft ; and Archibald Doug'
wholly poflefs'd by the Scots. lafs, brother to James, Marquifs of Douglafs,
They have, in this County, feveral Quarries was, by King Charles the fecond, created Earl
of free-ftone, and much flate, with both which of Forfar^
they drive a good trade. Near the Caftle of Near the fay's mouth, is Dundee, which the Dundee.
Imiermarkie, there are Lead-mines and they ancients called AleBum, and others Taoduntim ;J. Skene de
;

find great plenty of Iron-ore near the wood! a Town Tof great-note, good trade, and well-* ?
1 verb.fig-

of Dalboge. The higher ground, called the, built ;] whole Conftable, by fpecial privilege, ™'
Brae, abounds with Hart, Hind, Roe-buck, is Standard-bearer to the Kings of Scotland.
!

Doe, and Fowl; and their Salmon-trade turns Hector Boetius, who was born here, expounds He&or Boe-
to good account. the name Dundee, by allufion, Donttm Dei, ortw*
Where this Shire joins to that of Perth, lieth the gift of God. This perfen, in the age
Cowpar. t ie Town of Coivpar,
l
furrounded with largeiwhen Learning reviv'd, wrote an elegant Hi-
Corn-fields. Here, Malcolm the fourth, King ftory of Scotland, out of Monuments of An-
:

of Scotland, founded an Abbey of Ciftercianjtiquity fo ancient, that Paulus Jovim won-

Monks, in the year 1174; and, upon the dif- der'd, there fhould be in his wrii rumgs concer-
folution of Religious Houfes at the Reforma- ning thefe remote parts of the World, the He-
tion, King James the fixth erected the Abbey brides, and the Orcades, Records of above one
into a temporal Lordfhip, in favour of James thoufand years ftanding when in Italy (the ;

Elphinsfion, fecond fon of James Lord Balmerino ; nurfe of excellent wits) there was, for fo ma-
but he dying without iilue, the Honour was ny ages after the expulfion of the Goths, fuch
fwallowed up in the title of Balmerino?, a fcarcity of writers. FThe name feems to be
At the firft entrance into this County from derived from Dun a hill and the river Tay,
Baron GIa> Go-wry, ftands Glamis, a Caftle, and Barony of (on the north-fide whereof it is fituated.) It
mis. a Family firnamed Lyons which have been ftands in a pleafant Plain, and (befides the ad-
;

famous ever fince J. Lyon, a great favourite of vantages juft now mentioned) hath two Church-
King Robert the fecond, received this and the es, a very high Steeple, and a harbour for
dignity of a Baron with the King's daughter Ships of burthen. The Inhabitants are gene-
The (Held in Marriage, and therewith (as I find it writ- rally rich ; and thofe who fall to decay, have
Arg. the Ly-
the fir name of Lyon, with a Lyon in his a large Hofpital provided lor them. Sir
on andTreaf- ten,)
as the Kings James Scrimgeor, of the ancient Family of
fureflowry,B. Arms, within a Tuaffure Floury,
the
 : ;

12 53 ANGUS. 1254.
the Scrimgms of Dudop, and Conflables of it, ftands the new- Huufe of Patimure, a very
Dm/dee, was firft created by King Charles noble Structure, built fince the Reftoration oV
the firft, Vifcount of Dudop, and by King King Charles the fecond, and adorn'd with
Charles the fecond Earl of Dundee. Which ti- fine Gardens and large Inclofurcs. Of this fa-
tle being extinct, King James the feventh cre- mily (defcended trom the Lords de Maulia in
ated Colonel John Grahme of Claverhoufe, Vif- Normandy, ) Patrick was created by King
count of Dundee ; who was flain at the battle Charles the firft *Earl oi' Pan)Mre7\ * Now, fur-
01 Gillichrankie in the year 16S5J.I Then, to the open Sea lies Aberbnth, by con- tinted by At-
But upon this place John/Ion, who was traction Arbroth, \(z Royal Burgh and a Har- tainder.
born not far from hence, hath thefe Vcr- hour and of old)"] a place confecrated to Re- Arbr0th
;
-

fes ; ligicn by King William, in honour of St. Tho-

mas of Canterbury, and endow'd by him with
large Revenues. fHere he lies interred, and
T AO D U N U M, hath a flately Monument. Here alfo isafamous
Mineral Water, which is very much frequented
for various DiTeifes.1 Near Aberbroth, the Red- Red-head.
Or head fhoots out into the Sea a Promontory to
;

be feen at a great dills nee. Hard by, South- South- Eske.

DEI DON U M. Efke enters the Ocean, which flowing out of a

Lake, panes by Finnevim- Caflle, much fam'd for FinncvJm .
being the feat of the Lindjays, Earls of CVtmrCalHe.
ford; of whom I have fpoken already. fBe-The Lind-
Qua JSTotm argutis adfpirat moUiter amis, neath, on the fame river, (landeth Kinnaird, the 5,
.
J*?mrm d
Hac placide coeunt Taus CT Oceanus. Inheritance of the Kartutgies ; who, by being
Hie jacili excipiens venientes littore pitppes, Members of the College of Jufh'ce, did greatly
Indigents vnfli diflrahit orbis opes. advance their Fortunes and of whom, Sir
&
;

Sxpe dolis tentata, belli exercitd damnis-, David was created Lord Carnagy by King
Inviciis animis Integra praflat adhuc. James the and
fixth, afterwards, by King
Fama vetus crevit cum ReUigione rmata, Charles the Earl of * Soutlmk ; alfo, Sir*Nowfor-
firft,
Lucis & him juljit pura nitela aliis. John Carnegie was by King Charles the firft feited b y At-
Aleftum dixere pri'us ; ft maxima fpeties created Lord and afterwards Earl of Ethie; 1
lour, ^^-
Commoda, fors Donum dixeris effe Dei. which titles his eldeft fbn David exchanged, by
Tu deem aternum gentifque urbifque Boeti, permiflion of King Charles the fecond, for
Catera die patrix dona beata tua. thofe of Earl of Nortbesk, and Lord Rofehill
as being more agreeable to the title of Earl
of Southesk, the chief of the Family.]
Where the calm South with gentle murmurs Then, Brechin Hands upon the fame River,Brechin.'
reigns, which King David the firft- adorned with a
Toy with the Sea his peaceful Current Bifhop's See fit is a Royal Burgh cf great
:

joyns. Antiquity and a Market-Town, conlide-

;

To trading Ships an eafie Port is fhown, rable for Salmon, Horfes, Oxen and Sheep. It
* That makes the riches of the World its has a flately bridge over the river Esk and ;

own. fhows the ruins of the Bifhop's Pahce, and of

Oft have her haplefs fons been fore'd to ** the Canons houfes. It is likewife famous for a
bear 3 memorable llaughter of the Danes not far from
The difmal thunder of repeated War ; \ it. On the South-fide of floodthe Town,
Yet unfubdu'd their noble fouls ap- C the old Caflle of Brechin, famous for the brave
pear. j and heroick defence of it by Sir Thomas Maule-,
Reftor'd Religion hath advane'd her height, againfl Edward tiie firft, King of England,
And fpread through diftant parts the facred in the year 1305. Where this Caflle flood, a
light. very flately new Houfe hath been built, which
AleBum once 'twas nam'd ; but when -* is one of the finell and moll pleafant Seats in
you've view'd & thefe parts.!
The joys and comforts by kind hcav n \ At the very mouth of South-Esk, is Afe-Mont-role.
beftow'd, K rofe, that is, The Mount of Rofes, a Town an-
You'll call it Donum
Dei, Gift of God. J ciently called Celurca (xifln out of the Ruins
Boetius, honour of the Realm and Town, of another ot the fame name, and (ituated be-
Speak thou the reft, and make thy mother's tween the two Eikes.)__ which gives the title of
honours known.
f Duke to the Family of Graham. fKing James Ear!) C. -f-

the fourth conferred the title of Earl of Mont-

rofe, upon William Lord Graham, in the year
Brochty- Hence, we have a fight of Brochty-crag, a Fort
1504 ; and afterwards James Earl of Montrofe
Crag. defended by a Garrifon of Engliih for many was created Marquifs by King Charles the
1547- months together, when, cut of an earneft defire firft ; being the perfon fb much celebrated in
of a perpetual peace, they fued for a Marriage our Hiflories, for his glorious Actions in the
between Mary of Scotland and Edward the fixth Civil Wars. Whofe Defcendant, the prefent In-
of England, and, upon promife thereof, de- heritor of this ancient Title and
Eftate, a per-
manded the performance by force of arms : but fon of great Honour and Wifdom, and highly
the Garrifon at length abandon'd it. fAbout deferving of his Country, was further advanced
four miles north-can: from this, flood the old by Queen Anne to the dignity
of Duke of
Caflle of Panmure, which was g sllantly defen- Montrofe?,
ded by Robert Maule of Panmure ( a ftrenuous
Upon this Town, John/lou'wrltcs thus
oppof er of the faid Match,) againft the Englifh
Garrifon of Bmhtycrag but at laft was forced;

to furrender. Which CafHe was afterwards de-

molished ; and now, abouthalf a mile from
CELURCA,
 1

12 55 C ALE DON I A. 12^6

name of Camus's Crojs. And about ten miles
diitant trom this, ar Aberlemno, another CroJs,
is

CELURCA, erectedupon fome of the Danes kill'd -there.

Both tht'fe have fome antique Pictures and
Letters upon them. In this river, below the
Caftle of Brechin, are iound Pearls ; fome of
Or
which are fo fine and large, that they may be

MONS ROSARUM. compared with many that are Oriental.

fon
As for the Earls of Angus Gilkbred) and his £ ar
;

Gilchrifl, of Angm (a perfon illullrious tor \\v-gm.

js of An_
brave exploits under Malcolm the fourth,)
were the firft \ Earls of Angus that I read* Was
Aureolis urbs picla rojts : mons moBiter q
'.
About the year 124a. John Comin was Earlf Earl' C.
I'.rbi
of Angus, who died in France ; and his Dowa-
Jmminet, bine urbi nomina faBa ca- •

ger (perhaps heirefs or the Earldom) was mar-

nunt :
ried to Gilbert Vmjravile, an EngUfnman. For
At veteres perhibent quondam dix'iffe Ce-
both he and his heirs fucceffively were fummo-
lurcam,
ned to the Parliament of England till the third
Nomine fie prifco & nobilitaia novo efi.
year of King Richard the iecond, under the
Et prifca atque nova in/ignis virtute, viriim-
title of Earls of Angm. But the Englifh Lawyers
que
retufed in their Inftruments to ftile him Earl
IngeniiSy Patria qui peperere deem.
(becaufe Angm w as r
not within the Kingdom of
England,) till he produced in open Court the
King's Writ, whereby he was fummoned to
A leaning Mount which golden rofes
Parliament under the name of Earl of Angus. In
grace
the reign of David Brus, * Alexander Steward* Thmtt, C.
At once adorns and names the happy
was Earl of Angus, who took Berwick by fax- Sc <>tochr(mi-
place.
prize, but prefen tly loft it again ; and a little"""'
But ancient times Celurca call'd the
after, died miferably in prifon at Dunbritton.
Town ; The Douglajfes, Men of noble brave Spirits
Thus is it proud of old and late re-
and invincible Courage, have been Earls of
nown ; jus, ever fince the reign of Robert the
'

And old and late brave fons, whofe wit third (alter that George Douglafs had married
and hand
the King's Daughter,) and are reputed f thet-P"*" Sc »-
Have brought new Trophies to their na- chief and principal * Earls of Scotland, whofe?"* c
tive Land. *Now Dukes?
Office it is to carry the Regal Crown befo]
the Kings, at all the folemn AiTemblies of the
Kingdom. The fixth Earl of Angus of this
Bofchafn. Not far from hence, is Bofchain, belonging race, was Archibald, who
married Margaret,
Barons to the Barons of Ogilvy, who are of very an-
Qgilvy-
daughter to Henry the feventh of England, and
cicnt Nobility, as being defcended from that
mother to James the fifth of Scotland ; by
Alexander, Sheriff of Angus, who was flain in
whom lie had iiTue Margaret, Wife to Matthew
the bloody battle at Harley againft the Mac-
Stewart Earl of Lennox. She, after her brother's
donalds of the Ifles.
death without ifliie, willingly refigned her right
Airlic fin this Shire, is alfo Airlie, which was the
to this Earldom (with the confent of her huf-
firft title of the Lord Ogilvie of Airlie ; and
band and fons ) to David Douglafs of Petein-
James Lord Ogilvie was created by King Charles dreich, her Uncle's fon by the father's
fide; to
the firft Earl of Airlie ; the feat of which fa-
the end that by this obligation fhe might en-
Cortothic: mily is at Cortocbie, in this County, at the foot
gage that Family (already the neareft in Blood)
of the Grampian hills.
more clofely to her. At the fame time, her
Before we conclude, we mult obferve, that
fon Henry was about to marry Q^ Mary : From
in this Shire it was, that the General of the
which marriage, King James [the
th
<5 ,l Monarch
Danes was kill'd by the valiant Keith, who of Great Britain,
was happily born for the ge-
thereupon was advanced to great honours by
neral good of thefe Nations Tand from the
King Malcolm the fecond, who was prefent Earls of Angus and
;

Douglafs, the Duke of Doug-

at the battle. Upon the General's Grave, there
lafs is lineally defcended.1
was a high Stone erected, which carries the

MERNIS.
i2 5 7 1258

M E R N I S.

Hefe parts were in Ptolemy's the fea, Hands Fordon, to which it is fome ho-Forduni
time inhabited by the Verm- nour, that John de Fordon was born here ; who
cones, the fame perhaps with with great induftry compiled the Scotochromam,
Marcellinus's VeBurimes. But and to whofe Labours the modern Scorch Hi-
that name is now quite loft, ftorians are very much indebted. But Fordon
unlefs we can imagine a little was much more honour'd in ancient times by
St. PaMiu£
piece of it to remain in Mentis. St. Palladim's reliques, formerly (as it is
For oft-times (in common difcourfe) in the thought) depofited here who in the ; year 45 1

Britifti tongue Z^is changed into M. was fent by Pope Caeleftine to preach the
This little County of Mernis, butting upon the Gofpel to the Scots.
German Ocean, is a rich foil and a pretty
;
fin this Shire, the Laird of Arburthnet, of
plain and level country. Tit is fo named from an ancient Family, was created Vifcount j^-iart/j- Arburtbnet;

Meam, a valiant Gentleman, to whom it was net by King Charles the firft. As alfo, Sir Halcertoun.
of Halcertoun, was by King
given by Kenneth the fecond and is called alfo Alexander Falconer
;

the fhire of Kincarden, from the ancient town of Charles the

firft created Lord Halcertoun and ;

Kincarden. To the eaft, it is bounded with the Lieutenant General Middletoun, of an ancient Middletoun,
fea ;to the fouth, with the water of North-Esk ; family of that firname, was by
King Charles
to the weft, with the Gransbain-hills and to the fecond created Earl of Middletoun.
;

the north, with the River of Dee. In length, Alfo, in this Shire, are to be feen two large

it is about twenty fix, or (as fome

fay) twenty and remarkable Monuments of Antiquity, at a
place called Aucbincochtie, five miles from Aber- Auchincocb-
eight miles; and in breadth, about twenty.
Upon the fea-coafts, they have fcveral conve- deen. One of thefe, is two Circles of Stones,^' Q ar(j cn s ,

the outward Circle confifling of thirteen great Letter to Mr,

nient Creeks, and fome good harbours, of which
Stone-hive is one of the beft; and, for its
ones (befides two that are fallen, and the Aubrey.
the South,) about three
greater fafety, the Earl Marfhal (who has a broad-Hone towards
Salmon-fifhing upon the north fide of the har- yards high above-ground, and between feven
bour) did fome years fince raife a Peer of and eight paces diflant one from another the ;

ftone. . .
Diameter of which is twenty four large paces.
Where the water of Cowy tails into the fea The inward Circle is about three paces diflant
Cowy. Hands Cowy, a free burgh. Beneath the town, from the other, and the ftones thereof three
arc to be feen the ruins of a Caftle, built (as is
foot high above-ground. Towards the Eaft
reported) by Malcolm Kenmore, w ho made the from this
:
Monument, at twenty fix paces di-
town a free Burgh. On the Lands of Ardutbie ft'ance, is a large ftone, fall: in the ground, and

and Reddoak, are fome trenches to be feen :

which Were caft up by the Danes at one of
their Invasions made upon thofe parts; and
round the hill of Urh, is a deep ditch, where
But! the moil memo-
the Scots encamped.
Dunnotyr rable place in this Trad is
,
Dunnotyr, a caftle
advanced upon an high and inacceffible rock,
level with it^ wherein is a Cavity, partly na-
tural and partly artificial, which ( fuppofing
this a Temple) may be imagined to have ferved
and other
for waffling the Priefls, the Sacrifices,
things that were eileemed facred among the
Heathens.
The other Monument (which is full as '

large, if not larger, than that already defcribed,

from whence it looks down on the fea beneath ;
being fortified with ftrong walls, and with
towers at certain diftances. T This rock
wafhed by the fea on three fides, and joyned to
the Land only by a narrow neck. Towards the
entrance of the Gate, is a huge rock near forty
ells high, which one
would think was always
ready to fall. The Court is a large plot of
«reen ground; and the old buildings, feven
thick walls ; and it
ftory high, have exceeding
had once a Church, which was demolifhed in
the late Civil wars. In the new buildings,
and diflant from it about a Bow-fhot) conlifts
of three Circles, having the fame common
Center. The ftones of the greateft Circle are
about three yards above-ground, and thofe of
the two letter Circles, three foot ; the inner-
moft Circle being three paces Diameter, and
the ftones {landing dole together. One of the
Stones of the largeft Circle on the eaft fide of
the Monument, hath upon the top of it (which
is but narrow, and longer one way than the
other) a hollownefs about three inches deep,

there are fome rooms very flately, and a Cloia in the bottom whereof, is cut out a trough

wherein is Within the Clofe, there

a Library. one inch deep and two inches broad (with
is about thirty cubits about.
a large Ciftern, another fhort one crofting it) that runs along
St. Padie's Church famous for being the
here, is the whole length of the Cavity, and down by
burial place of St. PaUadim ; and not far from the fide of the ftone a good way fo that what- ;

this place is a dropping Cave, where the water ever Liquor is poured into the Cavity upon the
petrifies.l top of the ftone, doth prefently run down the'
This Caftle hath long been the feat of the fide of it by this trough ; and it ihould feem,
Keiths, a very ancient and noble family; and that upon this ftone they poured forth their
Keith.
* Now for- they, in confideration of their great valour, have Libamina
or liquid Sacrifices. There is alfo
* Earls Marfhal of the another ftone in the fame circle, and upon the
feited by long been hereditary
Attainder. Kingdom of Scotland ; as they have alfo been fame fide ot the Monument (Handing neareft
Earls Mar-
g^^ f this County. In a Porch here, is to to the broad ftone 011 edge, which looks towards
Inicription abovementioned, the South) with a Cavity in the upper end, cut
Sheriffdom be feen that ancient
of Kiwtr- of a t Company belonging to the XXth Legion.. after the
fafhion of the cavity in the top of the
din or Mer- tne letters whereof the moft honourable the other ftone already defcribed, and a natural

*? -B W pi-efent Earl, a great admirer of Antiquity, filfure, by which

all the Liquor poured into the

runs out of it to the ground-

thnisl hath caufed to be gilded. Somewhat farther from Cavity,
|| So faid, 7 U The
ann. 1607.
12 59 CALEDONIA. 1260
Stone Monu- The general Tradition throughout the King- in the Shire of Bamf and Pariih of Aberlowr,
ments, dom, concerning this kind of Monuments, is, is called Leachel beandkh (i. e. the bteifed Cha-
that they were places of Worfhip and Sacrifice pel ;) from a fourth, in the fame Shire, another
in the Heathen-times. In this part of the place is called the Chapel-den. Again, other
Country, they are commonly called Standing- Places where thefe Monuments remain, are cal-
ftcnes,and in the High-lands, where the Iriih led "Temples; fo, in the Parifh of Strathawen,
isfpoken, they call them Caer, which fignifies a within fourteen miles of Aberdeen, there is a
Throne, an Oracle, or a place of Addrefst and they place called Temple-toim, from two or three of
have fuch a ftiperfHtious Veneration for them, this kind, that fland upon the bounds of it;
that they will not meddle with any of the and thofe two which we have defcribed before,
Stones, nor apply them to another uie. Some are calledby the neighbours Temple-Hones. All
of them are called, in their language, by the which instances do fufficiently prove, that they
name of Chapels, and others by the name ot were places of Worship; and the fame is con-
Temples; and as to this Auchincochtie in particular, firmed by Groves near them, which we may
the tradition is, that the Pagan-Priefts dwelt well judge, from the fuper/litious Veneration
here ; there being yet to be fecn, at a little di- that is Mill paid them, to have been former-
stance from one of the Monuments, the toun- ly held facred: One in the Pariih of Killernen,
tiation of an old Houle. From another of in the Shire of Nairn; another, in the Pariih
thofe Monuments, a place in the Shire of Aber- of Enuerallen in the Shire of Invernefs ; and
deen and Pariih of Ellon, is called Fochel a third, in the Pariih of Duthel in the fame
(i. e. below the Chapel ;) from a third, a place Shire.1

MARK,
\BERDEE NSHIR E (fo cal- Bifhop of this place in the year 1480; and is
led from the chief in it,) called New- Aber dene.
burgh The other beyond it, na-
contains the Countriesof Marr, med Old-Aberdene, is very famous for the Salmon
Fourmanteen, Garioch, Strath taken there. [But to treat of thefe more pur-Tbeairum
bogie, and that part of Euchan ticularly; Old- Aberdeen hath a Cathedral Church, &«'*» P'
2
which lieth fouth of the water commonly called St. Machars, large and ftately,
1

'

of Ugie. To the South, it which hath been built by feveral Bifhops of this
is bounded with the River Dee and the Grainf- See. In this Church was formerly a Library ;
bain mountains ; to the north-weft and weft it but about the year 1560, it was almoft wholly
hath Bamf-Jhire and the river of Do-verm ; to the deftroyed, fo that now only the ruins remain.
eaft, the Ocean ; and to the north, part of The King's College (fo called from King James
Murray-Frith, In length it is about forty fix the fourth, who afiumed the Patronage of it)
miles, and in breadth twenty eight. The In- is feated on the fouth fide of the town, and for
habitants are generally very civil and polite. neatnefs and ftatelinefsmuch exceeds the reft of
They find here a fpotted fort of Marble, and the houfes. One fide is covered with Slate, the
much Slate ; and in the waters, abundance of reft with Lead. The windows of the Church
Pearls, fome of them very big, and of a fine (wherein is a fine monument of Bifhop Elphing-
colour. They have Deer in great abundance flon the Founder) were formerly very remark-
and the Eagles have their Nefts upon the Craigs able for their painted glafs; and fomething of
of Pennan.l their ancient fplendor ftill remains. The
Steeple, befides other Bells, hatli two of a very
Above Menies, MAR R from extraordinary bignefs. The top is vaulted with
lies farther in

the fea ; a large midland Country, fpreading a double crofs Arch, above which is a King's
about fixty miles. To the welt, where it is crown, having eight corners upheld by as many
broadeft, it fwells up in mountains, except pillars of ftone, and a round globe of ftone,
where the rivers Dee (Ptolemy's Diva) and the with two gilded crolles clofing the crown. Hard
Done, open themfelves a way, and make the by the Church, is a Library well ftock'd with
champagne ground very fruitful. Upon tht Books, enlarged not many years fince by thofe
Kildruminy. bank ot the Done ftands Kildrummy, a great or- which Doctor Henry Scougal, ProteiTor of Divi-
nament to it the ancient feat of the Earls ot nity there, and his Father, Bifhop of Aberdeen,
;

Barons For- fylafr. Not far oft, is the refidence of the Ba gave to it. The College has a Primate or
his or Forbes.
rons Forbois, of a noble and ancient Stock, who Principal, a Profefibr of Divinity, a Profeflor of
took this fimame (being before called Bois) the Civil Law , a Profeflor of Phyfick, a Sub-
r

upon the Heir of the Family's valiantly killing Principal, who is alfo Profellbr of Philofophy,
a huge mighty Boar. But at the very mouth of with three other Philofophy Profeflbrs, and a
Aberdeen, the river are two towns that are a greater orna- Proteffor of the Languages.
ment to it which from the faid mouth (called Ne-jJ Aberdeen, * about a mile from the Old,
jj ew Aber-
;

in Britifh Aber) do both borrow the fame name, as it is the Capital of the Sher! itdom of ^M'-deen.
and are divided only by a little field that lies deen, and the Seat of the Sheriff for tryal of* Tbeatrum
between. The hithermofl of them, which caufes; fo doth it much exceed the reft of the J" tt * p 29 1 '
'

ftands nearer the river Dee, is much ennobled Cities in the north of Scotland, in bignefs,
by the honour of a Bifhop's See (which King
trade, and beauty. The air is wholfome, and
David the firft from Murthlake, the Inhabitants well bred. The Streets are
translated hither
a little village;) alfo byand paved with flint, or a very hard fort of ftone
the fine houfes of the
Canons, and an Hofpital for the Poor, with the like it ; and the houfes very beautiful gene- ;

publick School, founded by William Elphhigfton rally, four Stories high or more, which, having
for
 : >

MJRR. 1262
for the moft part Gardens and Orchards be-
hind them, make the whole City at a diftance So gentle Phovbus warms the fharper air,
look like a Wood. In the High-ftreet, is a Nor cold nor heat's extreams her people
Church of Francifcam, of tree- ft one, begun by fear,

Bifhop Elphingfton, and hmfhed by Gavin Dwn- Great Neptune and his fons for fifh renown'd >
bar, Bifhop of the place. The fame Gavin With ufeful Hoods enrich the fertile ground:>
built alfo a bridge of feven Arches over the In one fair current pretious gems are found.
river Dee, about a mile from the City. But True hearts and pleafattt looks, and friendly
the greatefl ornament of this City, is its Col- cheer,
lege, called the MarefhaSian Academy, as being And honeft breeding never fail you here.
founded by George Keith, Earl Marina!, in the Old their eftates, old is their noble blood ;

year 1603, which the City of Aberdeen hath very Brave are their fouls, and fcorn to be fub-
much adorned with feveral additional buildings. du'd.
Betides a Primary Proteflbr (who is called Prin- Here fteddy juftice keeps her awful feat,
dpal) it has four Profelfors of Philofophy, one Wit ftrives with art, and art contends with
of Divinity, and one of Matbematicks. There wit-
is alfo a famous Library founded by the City, But my great Mother's worth and matchlefs
which hath been fupplied with Books by the praife
benefactions of feveral learned men, and is well Nor art, nor wit can ever hope t' exprefs.
furniftied with mathematical Inftruments. This
College, with that in the New Town, make up
one Univerlity, called the Univerfity of King TSir George Gordon ci Haddo, Baronet, was
Charles. Addtothefe, the School-houfe (found- created Earl ot Aberdeen, by King Charles the
ed by Dr. Dune) which has one head Mailer fecond, in the year 1682. Alfo irom Glasford,G\^oti,
and three Ufhers; as alfo a Mufick-School. in this Shire, FrancisAbercromby was created
St. Nicholas's Church (the Cathedral) is built Lord Glasford by King James the feventh. And
of Free-ftone, and covered with Lead. For- from Portmore, Sir David Collier, for his mi-p or tmo«,
merly it was divided into three Churches the ; litary Services, was created a Baron by King

biggeft was called the Old Church, another the William the third, and was by Queen Anne
New Church, and a third the Arch'd Church, advanced to the higher honour of Earl of Port-
They have alfo an Alms-houfe for the mainte- more.]
nance of fuch Inhabitants as are old and poor It is almolt incredible, what abundance of

with three Hofpitals, founded by feveral Per Salmon there are, as well in thefe rivers, as in
fons. others on both (ides of Scotland ; a rifli unknown
The City is built upon three hills; but the to Pliny (unlefs it was the * Efox of the Rhine,) * Bede and
greateft part, upon the higheft. The outer but very common and well known in thofe nor-our Writen
parts are fpread out upon the plain, from whence thern parts of Europe, f being (H as one fays) of a™ 11 it n.„La -
j
there is an eafie acceis, by an afcent every way, brightfearkt all within. They breed in Autumn t%j£',
It had formerly a Mint, as appears by filver in little rivers, and moftly in fliallows, where Jutifans
Coins ftamped there with this Infcription, Urbs they cover their fpawn with fand ; at which vljicrc,
Aberdea, which are ft ill prefcrved in the Clofets time they are fo very poor and lean, that they'll i*3«***%
of the curious. are fcarce any thing but bones. Of that fpawn le '

At the Weft end of the City, is a little round in the fpring following, comes a fry of fmall
hill, at the foot of which there breaks out a fifh which going to the fea, in a little time
;

fountain of clear water. And in the middle, row to .their full bignefs, and then making
another fpring bubbles out, called the Aberdo- back again to the rivers which they were bred
nian-Spaw, and coming near the Spaw-water in in, ftrnggle againft the force of the itream; and
the Biflioprick of Liege, both in ta£e and qua- where-ever any heighth obftructs their paf-
lity. 1 J. Johnfion, a native, has dtfcribed fage, they will with a jerk of their tail (a cer-
Aberdeen in thefe verfes tain * leap, whence probably they have the* saltu.
name of \ Salmons) whip over, to the amaze- + From fal'n
merit of the fpeeiators ; and they keep them- 10 lea P'
ABERDONIA. felves within thefe rivers, till they breed. Du-
ring which time, there is a Law againft taking
Ad Eoream porreEla, jugis obfejfa fuperbis them, that is, Irom the eighth of September to
Inter connatas eminet una Deal. the hrit of December. And it fhould feem,
Mitior algentes Phcebus fie temperat auras that they were reckoned among the belt com-
Non tcftum ut rabidums jrigora nee metuat. modities of Scotland ; fince it hath been pro-
Fwcundo ditat Neptunus gurgite, & amnes vided by a Law, that they fhould be fold to the
Pijcofi, gemmis alter adauget opes : Englifh for nothing but Englif!) Gold. But Thefe
Candida mens, frons lata, hilaris, gratiffima matters I leave to others.
teiius rBehdes Aberdeen, Kintor (as hath been faid)K.intor.
Hofpitibus: morum coitus ubiaue decens. is Burgh-Royal upon the Don, and Inerurie was Inerurie.
a
Nobilitas antiaua, opibus jubnixa vetuftis, erected into a Burgh-Royal by King Robert
Martiaque invitlo pechre cor da gerens. Bruce, upon account ot his having gain'd a
Jufiitiis damns, & ftudiortim mater hono- fignal victory atit. Sir John Keith, of Keith-
ris, hall, Knight Marefchal, and fon to William
Ingenio ars, certant artibus ingenia. Earl Mareichal, was by King Charles the fe-
Omnia et cedunt, meritos genitricts honores cond created Earl of Kintore, whofe fccond title
Pingere non itlla Ars, ingenhimve valet. is Lord Inverurie. On the South fide of the
water of Ugic, ftar.ds Peterhead, which has ap^^ad.
Road that will c itain fo e hundreds of fbips
ABERDEEN. and at this plrcj, it r igh-water when the
;

Moon is directly Soul-|i.

In feveral places alio there ar t Obelisks, fome >

0beHskj
With circling cliffs her lotty turrets vie, with figures upon them; fuch as one would
And meet her rival lifters of the sky ! imagine had been let up for monuments of
battles.
 P

1263 C JLEDONIJ. 126 4-

t«ims of battles. And they have likewise feveral Cairns was banifhed in the year 1361: And under
Sioncs. ot ftones,fome whereof are upon the tops of Robert the third, mention is made of Alexander
mountains. In fome of thefe, bones have been Stewart Earl of Marr, v ho was (lain in the
found ; and in one they met with the head of battel at Harley againft the Iflandcrs in the year
an Ax of braft, which feems to have been cm- 14 1 1. In King James the firfVs time, we read
ployed in their facrifices. in the Scotochronicon, AlexanderEarl of Marr died ScoiochrBiXib,
2
The dropping Cave of Slants, is alfo very in the year 1435, natural fon of Alexander Stewart's' "P-33> '

remarkable; of the petrified fubftance whereof, Earl of Buchan, fon of Robert the fecond King of
they make excellent Lime. Scotland ; to whom (at being a Baftard) the King

Pltfligo. Forbes Baron of Pitfligo was by King Charles fuaeeded in the Inheritance. John, * a younger * Nata minor.
the firft created Lord in the year 1633, Ion of King James the fecond, afterwards bore
Pitfligo,
Frafer.
j^ n(^ ya er of Stony wood or Muchill, was at the this title j who being convicted of attempting
p f
fame time created Lord Frafer. Charles, fourth fon by Art M:igick to take away his Brother's life,
of the Marquis of Huntley, w as created Earl ot was bled to death.
: And after him, Robert
Aboyn. Aboyn, by King Charles the fecond. Sir James Cockeran was advanced from a'f Mafon to thist L<ams.

Frendrai.iglit.Creightoi], Laird of Frendraught, was by Kingdignity, by King James the third, and was
foon after hang'd by the Nobility.
Charles the firft created Vifcount of Frendraught. From that
Lieutenant General King, was created Lord time, it was difcontinued, till Queen Mary
Ythan. Jthan by King Charles the firft, trom a riveradvanced her Baftard Brother James to this ho-
of the fame name in this Shire; in whom the nour ; and not long alter (upon finding that by
title was extinct.] ancient right the title of Earl ot Marr belonged
Earls of As for the Earls of Marr; In the reign or to John Lord Ereskin,) in lieu of Marr file con-
M2rr -
Alexander the third, William Earl of Marr is ferred on him the honour and title of Earl of
named among thofe who were enemies to the Murray, and created John Ereskin (a perfon of
King. Whilft David Brus reigned, Donald was ancient Nobility) Earl of Marr ; whofe fon
Earl of Marr, and Protector of the Kingdom of the fame Chriftian name enjoy 'd the dig-y Now
; || ca-

and was murdered in his bed before the battle nity, and* was in both Kingdoms one of bis joys, C.
at Dyplin, by Edward Balliol and his Englifh Majefty's Privy Council ; Tand in which Family
* Is i c -

Auxiliaries; whofe daughter Ifabella King Ro- this Honour continued, through feveral Succef-

bert Brus took to his firft wife, and had by her fions, till it became forfeited and extinct, by
Marprie, mother to Robert Stewart King of the Treafon of John late Earl of Marr, againft
the Scots. Under the fame David, there is his Majeily King George.!
mention made of Thomas Earl of Marr, who

BU %U H AN.
Here now Buquhan (in Latin Francis Drake failed round the world, when it
Boghania andBuchania) fhoots, was laid up in the river Thames, f could teftirie,-f-Can, C.
above the River Done, into that little birds breed in the old rotten keels of
the Ocean; were anciently fhips ; fince a great number of fuch, without
feated the Taix,ali. Some de- life and feathers, ftuck clofe to the outfide of
rive this later name from the keel of that fhip. Yet I fhould think that:
Boves (Oxen,) whereas the the generation of thefe birds was not from the
ground is fitter for the feeding ot fiieep; whofe logs of wood, but from the fea, term'd by the
wooll is highly commended. Notwithftanding, Poets the Parent of all things ,
that the Rivers in this Coaft breed abundance of A
mighty mafs likewife of Amber, as big as* ?'&• Sib-
s Smi *
Salmon, this Fifh never enters into the River the body of a Horfe, was (f not many years \f^
caft upon this more.
The River Ratra, as Buchanan hath told us ; (and let it fince)
I his, the learned VV ri=re
Boe-
Ratra. not be to my difadvantage, if I cite his Tefti- call Suuinum, Gleffum, and Chryfo-eleElrmn ; and thius's error
mony, although his books w ere prohibited by Sotacus was of opinion, that it was a juice, herein is
:

wn Euc
authority of Parliament in the year 1584. becauje which amongft the Britains diftill'd from trees, ?°. 5

now con-
•
^ r 1 . . , / rte 15

paffages in them were fit to be dafh'd out.) and ran into the lea, and was there harden d. v ; nce d t t
1 1

many ^
He reports alfo, That on the bank of Ratra, there Tacitus cxprefles the fame fentiments of it, in they are not
« ^ CdW, near Stany's Caftle, the nature of which this paflage of his ; I fhould believe, that as there ™formis ma f
A flrange
||

ca ™°fa * s
water. feems to be worth our taking notice of. The are trees in the fecret parts of the eafl, which fweatt* >

water diftilling by drops out of a natural vault, is out frankincenje and balm, jo in the Iflands and other them. App.
prefently turned into pyramidal flones, and if people countreys of the weft, there are woods of a more fat ad Zib. 1.
did not take the pains to clear the cave now and then, [uhftance, which melt ing by the hot beams of the neigh- art 3\ -

the whole fpace in a little time would be filled tip to bouring Sun, run into the fea hard by, and being^ " '

the top of the vault. The ftone thus made, is of a driven by tempeftuous weather, float to the oppoflte 1 1
pe motlbm
middle nature betwixt Ice and Rock ; for it is friable, fhores. But Serapio and the modern PhilofophersGfriwanorwra.
and never arrives to the folidity of Marble. It is will have it to work out of a bituminous fort
worth while, to mention the Clayfo, a of earth, under the fea, and by the fea-ficje ;
Clayks, a hardly
fort of fort of Geefe, which are believed by fome (with and that the waves in flormy weather caft part
Geefe. great admiration,) to grow upon trees on this of it upon the fhore, and that part of it is de-
coaft and in other places, and when they are voured by the fifh. But I have digreifed too
ripe, to fall down into the fea ; becaufe neither tar, and will return j hoping that my ingenuous

their nefts nor eggs can any where be found. confeflion will obtain me a pardon.
But they who faw the (hip, in which Sir
In
 OldAW-Aeen

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126^ BU§JJHJN. 1266

feparated from that part of Euchan which be-
In the reign of Alexander the fecond, Alex-
Comm enjoy'd the honour of Earl of Bu- longeth to Aierdeenfiire, by the water of Vgie
EarU of under
Vx^tm. quhan, who married a daughter and one of the to the Eaff it hath the water of Doverne ; to
in the Weft the water of Sfey to the South-weft
heirs of Roger de Quincy Earl of Wir.chefter
;

England ; and his grand-daughter by his fon hath Badaacb and the Brae of Mar; and
brought the fame title to Henry Beaumont her Murray-frithon the north. The length from
 ;

1265 BU^U HAN. 1266

feparated from that part of Buchan which be-
In the reign of Alexander the fecond, Alex
Ba longeth to Aberdeenfhire, by the water of Ugie :
Earls oF under Cumin enjoy 'd the honour of Earl of
to the Eaii it hath the water of Dnierne ; to
quhan, who married a daughter and one ot
Bujuhim. the

heirs of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchefter

in
England; and his grand-daughter by his fon
brought the fame title to Henry Beaumont her
husband. For he, in the reign of Edward the
under
third; fat in the Parliament of England
Afterwards,
the name of Earl of Buquhan.
Alexander Stewart, fon to King Robert the fe-
cond, was Earl of this place ; and was fuc-
a younger fon of Robert
ceeded by John,
Duke of Albany, who being fent for into France
(with feven thoufand Auxiliary Scots) by the
the Weft the water of Sfey ; to the South-weft
it hath Badenlch and the Brae of Mar; and
Murray-frith on the north. The length from
weft to eaft, is about thirty two miles, and the
breadth about thirty. In Bahenie is found the
ftone of which Alom is made; and in the coun-
try of Boin, great quarries of fpotted marble
have been difcovered of late. The country is
generally well furnifhed with grafs and corn.
Bamfe, a Burgh-Royal, is fcated at theBamff.
mouth of Doverne in the Bcine where the
;

hath his Courts; and it (hows the Ruins

French King, Charles the feventh, did extraordi- Sheriff
nary Cervices againft the Englifh, and had fo of an old
Cattle. The country about it is very
great a reputation there, that, having killed
fertil, and the Salmon-hfhing very advanta-
of Clarence, King Henry the geous. Near Abbey of Deer, which Deer,
this, is the
Thomas Duke
belonged to theCiftercians, and was founded by
fifth's at Baugy, and got as great a
brother,
of Buchan. At the Bogehilt,
viftory as ever was obtained over the Englifh, William Cumin, Earl
But three years refides the Duke of Gordon ; whofe feat
is
he was made Omflable of Frame.
the fortune of the war turned, he with adorned
with excellent gardens, end fures, and
after, when
Shire and Stone Monu.
Archibald Douglas, woods of oak, furrounding it. In this
The valour other valiant Commanders, m ™^
the Parifhof^ier/ow.isaplace called (in their
ot the Scots Earl of Wigton, and Duke of Tourain, &c.
in the Wars was routed at Vemoil by the Englifh, and there language) the Blefled
Chapel; from a Monument
of France.
Whom
yet as the Poet faid- of (tones, which flood there, but is now de-
(lain.
molifhed ; fuch as are fpoken of in the County
./Eternum memorabit Gallia cities of Mernis, and fuppofed there to be Heathen-

Grata fuos, titulos qux dedit & tumulos. Temples. And in the fame Shire, in the Parifh
of Aberchinder, is another of the far.^e kind,
or Cairnedewin ; the firft part
Thofe grateful France fhall ever call her own, called Cairneduin,
^eing probably derived from Cairn,
Who owe to her their graves and their renown. of the name
a heap of (tones, which is ufually to be found

The French cannot but confefs, that they within fuch Monuments. 1
owe the prefervation of France and recovery of Near Bamf, is Ainz.a a little tract of lefs

note ; as alfo Rothamy Caftle, the feat of the

Aquitain (by forcing out the Englifh in the
reigns of Charles the fixth and feventh) in
a Barons of Saltan, firnamed Abemethy |. fSirBarons
the Alexander Frafer of Philorth, in right of hisSalton.
great meafure to the fidelity and valour of N w '"!"
°
mother, daughter to the Lord Salnun, was de-t
Sots. Afterwards, King James the firft, out of
Lord Saltoim, and approved in Parlia-
companion to George of Dunbar, whom by au- clared

thority of Parliament he had before divefted

of ment upon the death ol Alexander Abemethy laic
the Earldom of March for his father's crimes, Lord Saltoun of that lirname.l Beneath thefe,s tra thboIgy.
that is, the Valley ufon the Bolgy,
gave him the Earldom of Buquhan. And not lies Strathbolgy,
formerly the Seat of the Earls of Athol, who
long after, James, fon of James Stewart of Lorn, M^So ^""^
firnamed the Black Knight, whom he had by were firnamed from thence; but now the chief
||

refidence of the Marquis of Huntley. For, tnis

Joan Somerset, obtained this honour, and
left it Marqui°of
» So faW, to his pofterity ; but * not long (nice, for de- title King James the tixth conferred upon George Huntley.

ann. 1607. fau | t f heirs male, it went by a daughter to Gordon Earl of Huntley, Lord Gordon and Badz.e-
eminent for his ancient Nobility, and his
Douglas, a younger brother of the Houfe of noth;

Lochlevin. TAs the Scotch Hiftorians report it, numerous Dependance. Whofe anceftors are
Chriftiana daughter and fole heir of John defcended from the Sams, and by authority of
Earl of Buchan, married Robert Parliament
took the name of Gordon (upon
Stewart,
Seton's marrying the daughter of Sir
Douglas, Brother of William Earl of Morton ; Alexander
Gordon, with whom he had a very noble
and, being in right of her, afterwards Earl ot John
received the honour of Earl of
Buchan, he had by her James Earl of Buchan eftate, ) and
the fecond, in the
whofe only daughter Mary, marrying James Huntley from King James
Ereskin, eldeft fon, of the fecond marriage, of
year j 440 ; fof which family, George Marquis
was advanced to the honour of Duke
James Earl of Marr, oarried the title of Buchan of Huntley
into that noble family, in which it ftill re- of
Gordon by King Charles the fecond. In this
mains.l Shire, did alfo refide the Ogihies of Findlater ;OgiWes.
of whom Walter Ogilvie was created by King
James the fixth, Lord Deskford; and his Son by
Beyond Buchan, in the bending back of the
King Charles the firft, Earl of Findlater ; whole
Boen. Chore northwards, lies Boon ; and Banff, a fmall
Sheriffdom, fit comprehends that part of Bu- defendant is James, the prefent Earl, a Perfon
of great Eloquence and Abilities. Alfo Sir
chan which lies north of the River Ugie, with
the Countries of Strathdoverne, Boin, Enz,ie, George Ogihiie,was by King Charles the firft

Strathaven, and Balvenie. To the South, it is created Lord BamJfA

MURRJT.
1267^ CALEDONIA 1268

MURRAY.
JEyond the mountain Grajnpius, year 1600 ; which now belongs to theCountefs
(which by a continual rangt of Dumfries,! But when the Loile is ready to
of neighbouring hills, extends enter the fea, it finds a more plain and foft foih,
its ridge with many rifings and fpreads it felf into a lake well ftored with
and Unkings as tar as this Swans, wherein the Herb Olorina grows plenti-
country,) the Vacomagi in an fully. Upon it, ftands Spmy-Ca/ile, of which,
cient times had their habita- Alexander of the Houfe of Lindfay was the firft Barons
tion, upon the Bay of Varum, where now Baron, ["but the title is now extinft.! As alfo Spin/.
Murray lies, in Latin Moravia noted for its Kinlofs, a near neighbour, and formerly a fa-
;
Baron Kin
fertility, pleafantnefs, and the profitable pro- mous Monaftcry (call'd by fome Kill-flos, from toft,
duct of fruit-trees. Tit comprehends the Shires certain flowers miraculoufly fpringing up
on a
of Elgin and Nairn. Upon the north, it hath fudden, when the Corps of King Duff, mur-
Murray-firth and the water of Neffe, which fe- dered and hidden there, was firft found*;)* In the
parates it from the fhire of Innernejfe ; to the which f had for its Lord, Edward Brus, Mafter>' ear 972.
eaft, it is fepnrated from Bamf-floire by the of the Rolls in England, and of His Majefty's + Hath ' C
River of Spey; to the South it hath Badenoch Privy Council; created by King James the
and to the weft, part of Lochabyr. about fixth Baron Brus of Ki,ilufs, fwhofe Son was
It is
thirty miles and twenty broad. The
long, created by King Charles the firft Earl of Elgin,
fhire of Elgin comprehends all that part which and his Son, by King Charles the fecond, Earl
licth to the eaft of the River Findorne and the
; of Ailsbury in England. In this Shire alfo, Sir
fhire of Nairne, that which is upon the Weft- Alexander Sutherland of Duffus, an ancieatCa-Duffu't
fide of the faid River. They have an air very det of the family of Sutherland, was created
wholfom, and -winters mijld the Low-country
: Lord Duffm, in the beginning of the reign Now
II
for- 1

bears very much Corn, which is foon ripe; but of King Charles the fecond.
1

feiced by At-
the High-country is fitter for pasture. They Not far from hence, is an Obelisk of one Stone; tainde r.
have many great woods of Firs and other trees, a Monument of the fight between King Mal-
efpecialiy upon the River of Nairne.~\ colm, Son of Keneth, and Sueno the Dane.i
The Spey, a. noh\e river, Tfamous for the incre- Thus much for the fhore. More inward,
dible number of Salmon taken in itjl opens a where Bean Caftle now ftands, (thought to be
paifage through this country into the fea ; wherein the Banatia, mentioned by Ptolemy) there was
Banath.
it lodges it felf, after it hath watered Rothes- found in the year 1460, a Marble Velfel very
Caftle; whence the Family of Lefley derive their finely engraved, and full of Roman Coins.
title of Earl, ever fince King James the fecond Hard by, is Nardin or Nairne, Ta Royal Burgh,
advanced George Lefley to the honour of Earl of and! an Hereditary Sheriffdom of the CambeUs Nairne
She;
Rothes; Fof which Family John, Earl of Rothe of Lorn; where, in aPeninfula, flood a Tower riffdojn.
J

High Commiflioner for King Charles the ft of mighty height, and with wonderful works,
cond to the Parliament, was created Duke of and formerly held by the Danes. fFrom this
Rothes by the faid King, to him, and the heirs place, Robert Nairn was advanced by King
male of his body ; for want of which the Duki Charles the fecond to the honour of Lord
dom expired, but the title of Earl ftill remains.] Nairn; w'hofe only daughter marrying the
Of the river Spey, thus our Poet Necham: Lord William Murray, this title defcends to
the iffue of the faid Marriage. In the Parifh
of Killemen and Shire of Nairne, is a Grove,
Kitlernen
Spey loca mutantis praceps agitator arena enclofed with a Trench or dry Ditch, having
Inconftans certas nefcit habere vias. two Entries to it. All who live near it, ac-
Offccium lintris corbis fubit, hum regit audax count izfacred, and will not fo much as cut a
Curfus labentis nauta fluenta fequens. rod out of it ; and it is obfervable, that in a
field hard by, are feveral large ftones, fallen
down and lying out of order; fuch, as thofe
Great Spey drives forward with impetuous Monuments (that are elfewhere conjectured to-r-j „, .

force have been Heathen-Temples) did ufe to confift

Huge banks of fand ; and knows no certain of.!
courfe. A little way from Nairn, is Logh-Nejfe, aLogh-Nefle.
Here for a boat an Ofier-pannier, row'd very large lake, three and twenty miles long
;

By fome bold peafant, glides along the the water whereof is fo warm, that even in
flood. this cold climate, it never freezes ; fas neither
doth the water of Nejfe .-! From that, by a very
fmall Ifthmus of hills, the Logh Lutea or Lothea

Loxa.
The river Loxa, mentioned by Ptolemy, and (which by Aber lets it felf into the weftern
now call'd Lojfe, hides it felf hard by in the fea. Ocean ) is divided. Upon thefe lakes, flood
Elgin. Near this, we have a fight of Elgin, fa Royal- anciently two noted Fortifications ; called, from
Burgh, where are the ruins of an ancient Cattle, the Loghsj one Innemefs, the other Innerlothy.
asalfo of one of the mod ftately Churches in the Innernefs hath the * Duke of Gordon for its*
Kingdom.! In this Town (as alfo in Forres ad- Mar aikof
hereditary Sheriff; who hath a large Jurif-^mS^c.
joining) J. Dunbar of Cumnock, defcended diction hereabouts. TThe Sheriffdom compre-
from the Houfe of the Earls of March, * ad- hends Lochaber, Badinocb, and the South part of
* Ad mini-
Hers, C. miniftered jufticeas hereditary Sheriff; Twhofe Rojfe. To the South it hath the Brae of Man
defcendant, is Alexander Dunbar of Weftfield, and Athol ; to the Weft, the Weftern-fea
; to
Sheriff of Murray ; the title of Cumnock being the North, Rojfe; and to the Eaft, part of
left, upon felling the Barony thereof about the Murray-frith. The length of it from InverMee
 :

\l6<) MU RRAT. 127c

to Invernejfe, in a {freight Hat', is fifty miles. TAs to the Loch-nejs beforementioned upon Phil, Tranf. .;

It has plenty- of Iron-Ore; and great woods of it flood the famous Caflle of Vrqhan, confi(Kng N 2 5+- -

Firr, ten miles long with fome large woods of of it'ven great Towers, faid to be built by the
;

Oak ; and that part called Badenoeh, has many Cumines, and overthrown by King Edward the
Deer. firft. About four miles to the weftward of
Invernefle. Invernejfe * is the head town of this Sherift- which Caftle, on the very top of a high hill,
* Theatr. .sVs-dom, and the Sheriff's feat, where he keeps his two miles perpendicular, is a Lake of cold frefli
via, p. 44^ Court. It is commodioully fituated upon the water, about thirty fathom in length, and fix
South fide of the River Nelfe, on the very in breadth no Stream running to it or from
;

bank of it; which renders it exceeding conve- It could never yet be fathomed and at all ;

nient for commerce with the neighbouring Seafons of the year, it is equally full, and ne-
places. It was formerly the feat of the Kings ver freezes as on the contrary, about feventeen
;

of Scotland ; and has a Cattle fhnding on a iles to the weft, on the north-fide of a
pleafant hill, with a fine profpect into the Mountain called Glen-in-tea, there is a Laker^ „.;„.«;,.
fields and town. Near the Caflle, there is a called Lochan-wyn or Green-lake, which is al-Green-Lake,
Bridge built over the water of Nejfe, confiding ways covered with Ice, Summer and Winter ;
of feven Arches, all of hewn {lone. It hath a as is alfo the Lake StragJafl) at Glencanich, thePhil. Tranf. m
harbour for fmaller veflels. There are in it middle. Another Lake there is in Straherrick,**. «4-
two Churches, one for the Englifb, and the which never freezes all over (in the moft ve h e „Stra Derrick,
other for the Irifb. Near the town of Inner- ment frofts ) till February after which, one ;

lochie, is a fort with a garrifon, upon the bay of night will freeze it all over, and two nights
Locbyol.~\ make it of a considerable thicknefs. The fame
But take here what J. John/ion writes upon thing hath been obferved alfo in two other Lakes,
thefe two places one of which is called Locb-Monar.
Weft from the end of the river Nejfe, is an
Arm of the Sea called Beaulte-Frith, which un-Beaulie-frkfu
INNERNESS, doubtedly w'as heretofore firm Land, inafmuch
as near the middle of it are found long oaken
Trees, under the Sand, with the roots: and in
And it alfo are three great heaps of Stones, called
Cairns; the greateft of which, being acceffible
Low-water, appears to have been a Burial-
INNERLOCHY. at
place, from the "Urns that are fometimes difco-
vered in it.
Imperii ceteris duo propugnacula quondam, In this Shire, are many of the Stone-Monu-Dr. Gardenia
Primaque regali mcenia JlruBa manu, ments, fpoken of more at large in the County Mr Aubrey, -

Turribus oppofitis adverfo in limine fpeciant of Mernis. And one of them, in the Parifli of
Hac Xepbynim, Solis ilia orientis equos. Enerallen, is full of Groves, and was, within Enerallen.

Amnibus bine atque bine cintJa, utique pifcibus the memory of the lad age, an ordinary place
amnes of burial, at tcaft for poor People ; and conti-
portu nues to be fo at this day, for Children who
Fcecundi, bac perpete ttttd patet.

Hacfuit, at jacet heu, jam nunc fine nomine die

without Baptifm, and for Strangers. Ano-
tellus,
ther, in the Countrey of Strathspey, and Shire

liofpita qua Regum, eft hofpita j'afia jeris.

of Invemefs, and Parifli of DutheQ, confifts of Duthell.
Altera fpirat adbuc tenuis fufflamina vita, two Circles of Stones, and is called Cbapel-Pig-Chaps\-Fig-
&
Qua dabit fati turbine njiUa manus. lag, from a Lady of that name, who ufed to repair Ug.

Die ubi nunc Carthago potens? ubi Mania thither for the exercife of her devotion, before
Roma ? a Church was built in that part of the Coun-
Irojaque & immenfa ditis opes Afia ? try. Within half a mile of which, is a Bufli or
Quid mireris enim mortalia cedere jatis Grove of Trees, of no great bignefs, which is
Corpora ? cum -videas oppida pojfe mori. reputed fo Sacred, and held in fuch Veneration,
that no body will cut a branch out of it ; and
the Women who dwell near, when they reco-
ver out of Child-bed, go thither to return their
Two ftately Forts the Realm's old guardians Thanks to God, as in other places of the King-
flood,
dom they repair to Churches for that end.
The firft great walls of royal builders prov'd. This Grove is called, in their language, the
Their lofty turrets on the fhores were Bujl? of the Chapel, and, the
Buff) belonging to Pig-
Ihown, lag; in the midft of which, is a Well or Foun-
One to the rifing, one the fetting fun.
tain, call'd the Well of the Chapel ; and this alfo
All round, well ftock'd with fifii, fair rivers
is efleem'd Sacred.l
lay,
In the reign of King Robert Briu, "thomm Earls of Mur-
And one prefents a fafe and eafie bay. Randolph, his lifter's fon (aperfon that took in-r<y.
Such once it was ; but now a namelefs finite pains in the fervice of his Country, and
place,
met with great oppositions) was very famous
Where Princes lodg'd, the meaneft cattel under the title of Eari of Murray. In the reign
graze. of King Robert the fecond, John de Dunbar
T'other (arrives, and faintly breaths as yet, took the King's daughter in marriage, as an a-
But muff e're long fubmit to conqu'ring
mends for her loft virginity, and had with her
fate.
the Earldom of Murray. Under King James
Where's haughty Carthage now with all hen the fecond, William Creichton, Chancellor of the
power ? Kingdom, and Archibald Douglafs, had a vio-
Where's Rome ; and Troy that rul'd as great )-
lent conteft for this Earldom ; when, againft
before ?
the Laws and ancient Cuftoms of the Realm,
Where the vaft riches of the Afian fhore ? J Douglajs, who had married the younger daughter
No wonder then that we frail men fliould die, of James Dunbar Earl of Murray, was pre-
de
When towns themfelves confefs mortality. fer'd before Creichton, who had married the el-
der ;
 127 1 CALEDONIA 1272
dir, by the power and intereft that William illrequited her, when, having got fome few of
Earl Douglajs had with the King : which the Nobility on his fide, he depofed her ; a
was fo very great, that
he did not only ad- mod pernicious Precedent for crowned Heads.
vance this brother to the Earldom of Murray, But the punifliment of Heaven foon fell upon
but another brother likewife to the Earldom ot him, being quickly after ihot through with a
Ormond, and two ot his Coufins to the Earldoms Mufquet bullet. His only daughter brought
of Angus and Morton. But this his great nefs this title to her husband James StswardoiDovstti
(a thing never to be trufled-to when exorbi- r(whofe Father had been created Lord Down by
tant) was his ruin foon after. Under King King James the fixth,)] defcended of the Blood
James the fifth, his own whom
he had Royal, to wit, of the Dukes of Albany ; which
brother,
cordtituted Vicegerent of the Kingdom, enjoyed James being flain by fome who envied him, left
this honour. And James, a natural Son of behind him his fon James, the fucceflor in this
King James the fifth, had this honour con- honour ; fand it flill continues in the fame No-
ferred on him by his filler Queen Mary ; who ble Family.l

LOGHUABRE.
L.L that tract of Land beyond tain * Witches, that the time would come when * ,,
Um *
the Nejje, which bends down Macbeth's line being extinct, Banqhuos pofterity *
to the weftern coafl, and joins ihould obtain the Kingdom, and thro* a long
to the Lake Aber, is thence fuccemon reign in Scotland: Which fell out ac-
called Loghuabre (that is, in the cordingly. For Fleanch, fon of Banqhuo, who,
ancient Britifh, The Mouth of in the dark, efcaped the fnares that were laid
the Lakes ;) as that which lies for him, fled into Wales, where for fome
towards the northern coaft, is call'd Rojfe. time he kept himfelf undifcovered and, ha-
:

Loghuabre abounds in pallures and woods, ving alter. wards married Nefia the daughter of
and hath fome veins of Iron, but little Corn. Griffith ap Llewelin, Prince of North-Wales, he
It is inferior to none for lakes and rivers, ad- had by her Walter, who returning into Scot-
mirably well flock'd with fifh. Upon Logh- land, fupprefs'd the rebellion of the Wanders
Inner loth y_
lothy, ilands Innerlothy, flrengthen'd with a Fort, with the reputation of fo great bravery, and
or Xnnerlochy
'and formerly of much note for the great refort managed the King's Revenues in thefe parts
of Merchants but having been ruined by the with fo great prudence, that the King made
;

depredations and infults of the Danes and Nor- him Stewart of the whole Kingdom of Scot-
wegianss it hath been fo abandoned and difufed land. Whereupon, this name of Office gave
for many ages, that there fcarce remain now the firname of Stewart to his pofterity ;
The Original
any footfteps of what it has been ; which is who, fpreading through all parts of Scotland f the family
timated in the Verfes that I produced a little in many noble branches, and being advanced °f J*«w.
before, fin this Shire of Invernefs, JEneas Mac- ) great honours, have long flouriih'd there.
donald Laird of Glengarie, was by King Charles Three hundred and thirty years ago, Robert* SoftM,
ann ' It5° 7,
the fecond created Lord Macdonald, to him and Stewart, a defcendant of this Houfe, in right
the heirs-males of his body.l of Marjory his Mother, daughter of King Ro-
I never yet read of any Earls of Loghuabre ; bert Brus, obtained the Kingdom of Scotland.
butabout the year 1050, we read of a moil no- f And James Stewart the fixth of that name,f And now
BaHqkuo ted Thane thereof, one Banqlnto, who was made King of Scotland, in right of Margaret his late ^» c «
Thane of away by Macbeth the Ballard (when, by murder Great Grandmother, daughter of Henry the
Loqkuabre.
and blood-fhed, he had feiz'd the Kingdom) feventh, was by divine Wifdom, with the ge-
out of jealoufie that he might poifibly diflurb neral applaufe of all Nations, advanced to the
him. For he had found by a Prophecy of cer-j Monarchy of Great-Britain.

ROSSE.
1273 2/4

ROSSE.
OSSE, from an old'of noble extraction, \ adminiiter'd Juftice asf AdminS-
fo call'd
Scottitfl word, which fome in- hereditary Sheriff of this Diftrift and this isle", C.
:

terpret a Promontory, others a fo commodious, and fo fafe a Harbour for any

Peninfula, was in Ptolemy's time Fleet, though never fo great, that
Mariners and
inhabited by a People called Geographers give it the name of Portm Salutis, Partus Salv-
Ctrnla; a word which imports or the Haven of Safety. [It is a Royal Burgh,'",

fbmething like it. This ex- the Firth whereof is about fifteen miles long,
tends to fuch a widenefs, that it hath a profped and in many places two miles broad though
:

of both Oceans. Tit comprehends the Shires of the entrance of it be narrow, yet is it very fafe
Tayn and Cnmtirtie. The firfl includes the and eafie. Into this, runneth the water of
part of Roffe, with the Ifles ot Skye, Cornel, famous for the Pearls found in it. The
greater
Vifcount of Tarbat, who has his refidence at
Lewis, and Hems the fecond, a fmall part of
;

or Cromartie- Frith. Tarbat, is now Sheriff and Proprietor of that

Roffe, lying on the South-fide
and in breadth thirty ancient Eitate. Sir George Mackenzie of Tarbat
It is in length fifty,
On that fide, where it views the Ver- Baronet, were created Vifcount Tarbat, and Lord
miles.!
Macleod and Caftle-haven, by King James the
giviax or weftern Ocean, it rifes up in fwelling
Mountains, with many Woods, full of Stags, feventh ; and was advanced by Queen Anne to
Roe-bucks,' fallow Deer, and wild Fowl. On |the_ higher Jionour of Earl of Cromartie.
tiie other fide, next the German Sea, it is In this Country, refided the Lairds of A'm-Kintail.
more fruitful, having much Corn and Pafture- tail, who, in the reign of King James the
grounds, and is much better cultivated.
fThe fixth, were advanced to the honour ot Peerage,
are by the title of Lords Mackenzie of Kintail ; and
Straths or Valleys upon the water-fides,
full of Wood ; particularly, upon
Charron, and fter that to the higher honour of Earls ot Sear

upon the water of Braan, and near Alfarig, forth.']

there are great Woods of Firr.l
Above the Harbour, is Littus Ahum, mcn-zittusAUum-
no tion'd by Ptolemy, and called now, as it fhould

I A& In the very enterance into it,

fmall territory (which is one of the

the fecond Sons ot the Kings ot
Ardmanoch,
titles of feem, Tarbanh : for there the fhore rifes to a
Scotland ) great height ; enclofed on one fide with Cro-The River
the fecure Harbour we j'ult now mert-£e fj""M or
+ Mvi jidiffr fhoots up in very high Mountains f generally mer,
other, with the river Cel- '
«"* covered with Snow. I have been told by fome tioned ; and on the
perfons very ftrange Stories of their height ; nitis,
now Killian. And thus much of the places
The height and yet the ancient Geometricians have writ- towards the Eaftern Ocean.
of Hills, and tenj t |lat neither the depth of the Sea, nor the Into the Weftern Sea runs the river iojsgyj, Longus, rir.,
the depthb of ,
'. , r" ,i,„ x.fn.mrai'ns. exceed by
MounCai!1S bv line and mentioned by Ptolemy, and now called Logh-
hei 8 ht 0t tllC '
the JS- pS
mile nd a quar- Longas : Next, the drones anciently dwelt w'hereCerones.
tad. in P. level, ten Stadia, that
is
and divided'
.£»«/. concer-ccr. Which, however, they who have beheld now Ajfen(l)ire is ; a Country, cut
J feveral Arms of the Sea. {Andrew Keith
ning o ijmpm.
q em rjff among the Canary Iflands (fifteen- by
(one of the Com miJTi oners lent to treat of a mar-
leagues high) and have failed the neighbouring
Sea, will by no means admit. In thefe parts riage between King James the fixth, and Anna
no- then Princcfs of Denmark) was created Lord
Lovet. ftands Lovet, a Caftle and Barony of the
ble family of- the Frafers, who
were made Ba- Keith of Dingwall ; who dying without iflue,
the fame King advanced to the fame Honour
rons, as it is faid, by King James the fecond,
for the lingular Services they had
done the Sir Ricbard Prefion, who was in great favour
and had been made one of the
Crown of Scotland. This Family had been en- with him,
tirely extinguifhed, in a Quarrel, by
the Clan- Knights of the Bath, at his Majefty's Coro-

Ranalds, a moft bloody People, had not

four- nation.]
It would be a very difficult Work, to draw Earls of Rofs,
fcore of the principal of them, by good Pro-
perfect fucceffion of the Earls of Rofs, out
vidence, left their Wives big with child
at i

Hiftorians. About ffivc hundred t F°ur, C.

home ; who being delivered of fo many Sons, of the feveral
vears ago, Ferqhaard flourifh'd under this
renewed and reftored the Family.
but upon the failure of iflue-marle, it
Tain. [Tain, a good trading Town, is a Royal title ;
a daughter to Walter Lefley (who, for his
Burgh, and gives name to the Shire. Its Firth came by
is about twenty miles long, but
admitteth not valiant atchievements under Lewis the Em-
Lou glib ruin
Ships. Loughbntin-Bay, which is ten miles peror, was defervedly ih'led the Noble or
Bay.
long, is famous for the vaft number of
Her- Generous Knight ; ) by whom he had Alexander
Dingwall. r j n S taken in it. Dingwall, another Burgh- Earl of Rofs, and a daughter married to Do-
g
Lord of the Weftern Ifles. This Alexander
Royal, is fituate in the utmoft part of the Firth nald
;

to the North of which lies the great

Mountain had iflue one only daughter, who pafled over
all her right and title to Robert Duke of Alba-
J47eeves.~\
Chanonry. At Nejfe-mouth flood Chanonry, formerly a no- ny j
which fo enrag'd Donald of the Ifles, that
ot in the reign of James the third, he proclaim'd
ted place, and fo called from a rich College
nimfelf King of the Ifles, and Earl of Rofs, and
Canons in the flourifhing times of the Church ;

Bifliop ot deftroy'd the Country round with fire and

in which was ere&ed a See for the
Rojfe. (It had a large Cathedral Church, part fword- At length, King James the third did
Authority of Parliament in the year 1476%
whereof ftill remains. At prefent, it fhovs a by
ftately Houfe of the Earl of Seajorth,
who has annex the Earldom of Rofs to the Crown ;
confiderable Revenues in this County.!
Hard and in fuch manner, that it might not be
by, is Cromartie, where Urqhuart, a
Gentleman lawful f° r his Succeffors to alienate from
7 Y it
i2 7 5 CALEDONIA 127<j
it either the Earldom in felf,
or any part begotten. Whereupon Charles fecond Son of
thereof; or to grant the fame
to any perfon, King [James the fixth/i
but only to the King's fecond Sons and Duke of York,
lawfully * enjoy'd that Title. * Nowe>
pys, C,

SUTHERLAND.
LL that traft of Land lying well provided with other Fifti ; and of the
between Pmnaam and Dungt- river Schin, it is reported, that it never
Cittey. by, was of old called CATTET. freezes.!
So much of it as lies Eaft- The Country is more fit for breeding of
ward from the hill Orde, was Cattle, than bearing of Corn.
Here are alfo
called Cateyncjfe, and after- Hills of white Marble, a thing
very unufual
Hills of white
wards Cath-mffe; but fo much in fo cold a
climate; but it is almoft of no MarbIe -
as lies on this lide of Orde, was called South u!e, becaufe
Extravagance in buildings, and
Cathy, and Sutherland.'] that vain oftentation of riches,
has not yet
reached thefe remote Countries.
Beyond Rofs, lies Here, fin a
Sutherland fas aforefaidl Mote hard by the Sea,l (lands Durtrobin-Cz-OamoWm-
Sutherland, the German Ocean, fit contains the Country (tie, a place of the
greateft note in thefe -
parts, CMc
that pafs'd under that name, with Strathnav'er fand efpecially remarkable
for its fine Gar-
Ederncbiles, and Dkrrnejfe ; having Cathmffe to dens ; 1 the principal
Seat of the ancient Earls
the Eaft and North-eait, the main Ocean to of Sutherland, of the Family (if I
miftake not) Earls of Su-
the North, the country of Affint to the Weft, ot Murray. Of whom, William in the reign tk«Iand.
Roffe to the South, and the German Sea to of King Robert Brut, was very famous,
the Eaft andSouth-eaft. marry-
From Weft to Eaft, it ing King David's own
is in length about fifty five miles, and in
lifter, and having by
breadth her a Ion, whom King David declared
from South to North twenty two miles his
but, SuccefTor in the Kingdom,
taking in Strathnaver, thirty three.
;
and to whom he
The In- made his Nobles fwear Allegiance.
habitants of thefe parts are much given to hun- died But he
a little after without illue, and
ting, and will endure a great deal of labour the Earl-
dom in the end came hereditarily by a daughter
and toil. The Shire affords plenty of Iron- and heir
to A. Gordon, of the Family of the
ore, and fome Pearls. They have Coal, Free- Earls of Huntley ; Tfrom
ftone, Lime-ftone, and good Sclate, in abun-
whom is defcended
John, the prefent Earl of Sutherland, who by
dance it is faid alfo that
:
they find fome his Valour and Conduft
hath done (ignal Ser-
Silver ; and
fuppofed
it is that there
Gold is in vice in thefe parts, to his Prince and Coun-
Durimjje. In feveral parts of the Country, try.]
they have much Salmon-fifhing, and arc alfo I

CATH-
 i2 7 7 CATHNES. 1278

CATHNES,
Omewhat higher, lies Cathnes falfly written in fome Copies Carini amongft;

[called alfo the Shire of Wike ;1 whom the fame Ptolemy places the river Ita, The Rive
which butts upon the German which may feem to be the prefent fflifie. Gra-^*-
Ocean, and is indented (as it zing and. riffling are the main income of the

were ) by the many w'hidings Inhabitants of this Countrey. The chief Ca-
and breakings of the ftlore. ttle therein is called Girnego, the ufual refidenceGirnego.
TTo the South and South-weft of the Earls of Caihnes. The Epifcopal See is
it is divided from Sutherland by the Ord, and at Domok f ((landing between the rivers of Port<-
a continued ridge of Hills, as far as the hill newuter and Unes^ a Village otherwife obfeure
of Knook-finn : Then, along the courfe of Theretofore, but now a Burrough Royal ; ]
the river of Hollowdail, from the rife to the where King James the fourth appointed the
mouth of it, and the Mountains Drum- Sheriff of Cathnes to. refide, or elfe at l¥ik> as
>m HoBowdale The fame river is the bound be- occafion fhould require.
:

tween it and Strathnaver. To the Eaft it is f A

little Eaft of Domok, is a Monument

wafli'd with the Ocean ;to the North it hath like a Crofs, called the 'Thane or Earl's Crois ;
Pentland-Bitb, which divideth it from Orimy, and another near E/ih, call'd the Kings Crofs,
Its length from South to North is thirty five where one of the Kings, or chief Commanders
miles ; its breadth, about twenty. The Woods of the Danes, is faid to have been flail) and
here are but few and fmall ; being rather Copi buried.
ces of birch. In the Foreft of Mora-vim and Though Wick be a Royal Burgh, and the wick,
Berridak, is great plenty of Red-deer, and head Courts kept there yet Tlmrfo (only aThurfo.
;

Roe-bucks. They have good ftore of Cows. Burgh of Barony ) is more populous ; where
Den net. Sheep, Goats, and Wild-fowl. At Dennet, there alfo the Judges rcfide. It is a fecure place for
Old-wike. is Lead ; at Old-wike, Copper ; and Iron-ore in Ships of any burthen to ride in, being defen-
feveral places. ded by Holbum-head.
The whole Coaft, except the Bays, is high In thefe parts, are many foundations of an-
rocks ; fo that they have a great number oi tient Houfes now ruinous ; fuppofed to have
Promonto- Promontories, viz.. Sandjidehead, at the Wcft- formerly belonged to the Pitts. Many Obe-
""'
end of Cathneffe, pointing North to the open- lisks alfo are erected here and there, and in
ing of Pemland-Firth. Helium-head, and Din- fome places feveral of them together.]
net-head, both pointing North to the Firth : The Earls of Cathnes were anciently the fame Earls of
Duncam-bay-head, which is the North-eaft point with the Earls of the Orcades, but afterwards Catbnei,
of Catlmeffe, where the Firth is but twelve became diftinct ; and by the eldeft daughter of
miles over ; and near it is the ordinary ferry to one Malife> who was given in marriage to
Orknay, called Dunean's-bay : No/head, pointing IVittiam Sincler theKing's *Pantler, his Poiterity*. . .

North-eaft : Clythenefs, pointing Eaft.l C a.me to the honour ot Earls of Cathms, which

Here, in Ptolemy's time, dwelt the Catiw ,\xh?y ftill enjoy.

STRATH-
1279 CALEDONIA. 1280

STRATH-NAVERN.
JgjSKjl HEutmod Coad of all Bri- twenty five minutes, and the ihorteft night five
jt|ll§ which with the front hours and forty five minutes. So that the an-
tain,
S§jl|j of the fhore looks full againft cient Panegyrift was in the wrong,
when he
not fet at all here, but
X llBI the North-pole, and hath di- faid that the Sun did
rectly over its head the mid- flip'd alide, and glanced upon the
Horizon ; re-
pl
die of the tail of Urfa Major lying upon the authority
of Tacitus, who fays,
||||j|
SB) that, as Cardan thought, cau- That the extreme points and
plain levels of the earth,
But
Empires ; was inhabited, as having low Jhades, rais'd no darknefs at
all.
fes Tranflations of
A Pliny fpeaks more truth and reafon, where he
Comab'tl. we may fee in Ptolemy, by the Comabii.
places the river Naiws and treats of the longed days, according to the in-
Nabem a mong them, he \

nearly related in found, clination of the folar Circle to the Horizon

:
River. thefe two names are fo
that the People feem to have
taken their name The longefl days, fays he, in Italy, are fifteen hours,
they dwelt. Nei- in Britain feventeen ; inhere the light nights in Sum-
from the river upon which
that is, mer prove that by experience, -which reafon obliges
ther is the modern name Stratb-Navem,
altogether unlike them one to believe, That at the Sol/lice, when the Suit
the Valley by the Naiiern,
the World, the places
in found. [The Earl of Sutherland is fupenour approaches nearer to the Pole of
Son is filled of the earth under [the Pole] haaie day fix
months,
of this Country, and his eldeft
AngufioLu-
from it Lord The chief Inhabi- * through the light's having but a narrow compafs ;
Strathnavern. ° m '
when far remote in'" '
tants are the Maikayi ; of whom Sir Donald and night for fo long, it is

firft created Lord Winter.

was by King Charles the
In this utmoft traft (that is carried further
Kae, from a place belonging to him
in the
to the Eaft by Ptolemy, whereas indeed it
Country of Cathnes.l
bears full North i for -which Roger Bacon,
The Country hath little caufe to brag of T
of the fliarpnefs of the his Geography, taxed him long ago, ) ecl-
itsfertilky"""By reafon |

* Minus cuha. air it is * very thinly inhabited, and thereupon tus fays, That a pndigiom vaft Jpace of Land
+ No Wolves extrcam iy infefted with the fiercer! off Wolves runs out in length, and grows narrow like a -wedge.
now in Scot
"" Here, three Promontories (hoot out into the
which, to the great damage of the Countrey,
land. which are mentioned by ancient Wri-
not only furioufly fet upon the Cattle, but
Sea,
Berubium, now Urdehead, near the Vil- Berubium.
even upon the Inhabitants themfclves, to the
ters.
Infomuch, lage Bernfwale Virvedrum, now Dunsby, other-Virvedrum.
manifeil danger of their Lives.
;

wife Duncans-bay, which is look'd upon as the

that not only in this, but in many other
parts oi
remoteft Promontory of Britain and Orcas,
Scotland, the Sheriffs and refpeftive Inhabi-
;

now Howburn, which is placed by Ptolemy

tants are bound by Aft of Parliament, in their
ovcr-againd the Orcades, the utmod of all the
feveral Sheriffdoms, to go a hunting thrice e-
This is likewife called by Ptolemy
very year, to dedroy the Wolves and their
Illands.
this reafon (ifTarwJSM
But (if in this northern Climate it Tarvedrum and Tarvifium, for
Whelps.
may be any comfort to them) thefe People, I guefs aright) becaufe it determines Britain. £™7"
of all Britain, have the ihorteft nights, andFor Tarvus, in the Britifh tongue, fignifies an vtbnTarvm
with which give me leave to make an fignifies.
The longeft longed days. For by its being^ didant fifty ending ;

D=y. nine degrees and forty minutes from the E-

End of this Book. I fhall treat of the Orcades,
Ebudes, and Shetland, in their proper places.
quator, the longed day is eighteen hours and

Thm
;
2 8l 1282

THUS, have I run over Scotland,

the Dignity of fo great
more haftily than
and noble a Kingdom defer ves ;
nor do I at all doubt, but that fome Ferfon hereafter will give a
larger Draught of it, with a more exquifite Pen, and more cer-
tainty and exatlnefs fince (as I faid before) * the greatejl of^-J^f
;

Princes hath now laid open to m thefe remote Countries, which smUnd,
have been hitherto Jhut In the mean time, if 1 have not been E»gLi
up.

fo vigilant as I ought (for the mo/t watchful may fometimes

nod ) or if my wandring in an unknown Country hath led me
;

into a wrong way ( as nothing is fo eafie as Error ; ) 1 hope

the courteous Reader, upon this my Confeffion, will grant me his
pardon, and kindly dirett me into the right way.

fAn
 ;

[283 284

fAn Additional

DESCRIPTION
O F T H E

ROMAN WALL
I N

SCOTLAND. , HE firft occafion of building

the Roman Wall (which now 1. That which is cail'd Coria Damm'orunt i Q. irT l fori5t
'

goes by the name ot Grahams from the Water of Caron that runs near it. The
Dike) was given by Julius A- neighbours thereabouts call it ut this day Came-
gricola ; of whom Tacitus has lon ; not that it is to be imagin'd, that this
left us this character, Non a- is the Camuhdummi mentioned by Tacitus,
^ Hum Dwem opportumtates loco- (which is fome hundreds of miles diftant from
rum fapientim elegiffe, That never did any General hence) but rather the Camunhdunum, which Pto-
ufe greater discretion, in the choice of places. And lemy makes a Town of the Brigantes, whom he
made good his claim to places fub Elgovis
here, particularly, he &
Ottadinis, ad utraque maria-,

that Chara&erj for,theI(thmus or neck of land below the E/gova and Ottadim, adjVyning to
upon which it w as built, is not above fixteen the two Seas, and fets the Town in the 57^
r

miles over, betwixt the rivers of Forth and Degree of Latitude. And indeed, the Gadeni
Clyde, So that, having fortified that flip of which were placed here, were a tribe of the
ground w ith garrifons, the Enemies were, as Ta- Brigantes, that poflefs'd the Country betwixt
r

citus has obferved, fummoti velut in aliam Infu- the Irifh

Sea and the Firth of Forth, Cnmab-
lam, removed in a manner into another Itland. dunum likewife is thought to import the Palace
jtgricoja did
But here, we mull not imagin, that Agricola of the Prince ; and it may be gathered from Hi-
not build a built a Wall along this traft ; fmce neither
Hi- ftory, that this was the Pahce of the Pids.
ftorians nor Infcriptions give us any reafon to
But by whomsoever it was built, the remains
believe it. Tacitus only obferves, that this of the fortification, and the tracks of the
narrow Hip of ground Prajidiis firmabatur, was Streets, are yet to be feen ; and there is a
fecur'd by Forts and Garrifons ; and we may be
Roman Military way which begins here, and
fure, if there had been any thing ot a Wall, runs South. In antient times, it was wafh'd
Sea ; which hath been confirm'd by
he would not have omitted the mention of it. by the
So that it is probable that Agricola contented an Anchor difcover'd near it, within thefe
himfelf with placing Garrifons at fuch conve-
hundred years, or thereabouts. As a further
confirmation ot its Antiquity, they difcover old
nient diftances, as that the Forces might eafi-
firft apprehenfion Vaults, and meet with feveraf Roman Coins
ly draw together upon the
one particularly of brafs, much of
of danger. Whether fome of the Forts that about
it ;

bignefs of a Half-crown, with a Shield on

are plac'd upon the Wall, were built by him the
at that time, or by others afterwards, is not
one fide, and above it a Lion ; but the Impref-
certain ; however, it feems probabk* that he fion on the
other fide is not legible. Here it
is, that Ptolemy places the Legio Sexta Vitirix
huilt thefe following Garrifons.
and
 ^ ;

128$ The Roman Wall. 1285

and it feems to have been their head-quarters. to have been fome fix miles
to the
diftant
The Duni Pads are very near it and juft over- North- weft ,
,• where the Town
of Sterling is
againfl it, on the North-fide of Canon-water now. For, befides that the
narrownefs of
is tiie Aides Termini. the river of Forth ( which hath now a bridge
over it in this place ) required a Garrifon
2. The ftcond Fort, built by Agrkola, feems there is, upon a rock, this Infcription,

>{MHXCVAfi!TLE
LEG

which fheweth that a Legion kept garrifon veniently fituate in a point where the water o£
here. It is moft probable, that this is the A~ Leveh runneth into Clyde. But if this conveni-
launa of Ptolemy. ence were not teftimony enough, the Infcrip-
tions that are found in the neighbourhood,
5. The third Garrifon (for the out-guard of would put it beyond difpute.
this, and for fecuring the traft where the river The placing of thefe Garrifons w as probably The Waflj r

is but narrow) was plac'd about eight miles to the occafion of building the Wall afterwards a-
* See after the North-eaft from the fecond ; * and is more long this tract. But in building, they took
The Brilijb
fully defcribed in the Account of Thule, written tiie directeft line j which mult be the caufe
Ijlands.
by Sir Robert Sibbalds. It bids faireft for Ptole-' why fome of the Garrifons are at a diftance
my's Victoria ; which name it might poilibh trpm it. It feems alfo to have been built
get from the Viilory obtahied near it, by Agri- at different times, and by different men,
cola, over the Caledonians. Roman Medals as the fituation of the ground required,
have been found at it : and not far from it, for repelling the Enemy, and covering the
there runs a Roman military way. Provincials againfl: their Invafions. Bede tells
W/.
us, 'That they made it between the two Friths
4. The iourth feems ,to be that which Bede of the Sea that where the water did not fecure
;

callsGuidi, and which he placeth about the them, there the Wall might defend them againfl the
middle of the Wall cidl'd at prefent Kirkintil- Inairfwus oj the Jimmy.
; From which we may
hcht and antiently Kaerpentalkch, and fituate up- probably infer, that firft they began it where
on the tract of the Wall. Here are ftill to be the river ct Forth is narrow, and fo carried it
feen the ruins of great fortifications and near along the neck of land, betwixt the Firth of
;

it feveral Infcriptions have been found, fome' Clyde and Forth. But afterwards they found it
whereof were depofited at the houfe of Cadir. convenient, that it fhould be carried farther Eaft.
^SetSterUng.\i i s mo ft probable, that this is the | Coria men- The Peiroahel or Penueltuin
{ where Bede fays
tioned by Ptolemy. it begun) is callM WaUtdton at this" day \ where Wall wani
J
there is an artificial Mount dyk d about. The
5. The fifth was, where the Town of Paifly manner of the Wail will be more eafily appre-
now is i which one would imagin from the ii- hended by tins Draught of it, taken from the
• See Nor- tuation to be the * Bremenimn or Ptolemy. Papers of Mr. Timothy Pont (who had exactly
thumberland. traced it) and from the Obfervations of fome
6. The fixth was the moft remote to the others, who after him had been at the pains
Weft ; call'd at this day Dumbarton, and con- to defcribe it.

A A A.
 ;

1287 The Roman Wall. 1288

A A A. A ditch oj twelve foot wide before the Wall, towards the Enemies Country.

EB. A wall of fquared and cut fione, two foot broad ; probably higher than the Wall, to cover the De-
fendants, and to keep the Earth of the waU from falling into the Ditch.

CC The Wall it felf, often foot thhknefs ; but how high, not known.

DD. ^ paved way clofe at the foot of the Wall, five foot broad.

E E. Watch-towers within call one of another, where Centinels kept watch day and night.

F F. The wall offquare fione, going through the breadth of the Wall, juft againjl the Towers.

G G. A Court of guard, to lodge a fufficient number of Soldiers againjl all fudden Allavms.

I I. The body of the Rampire, with an outer-wall of cut fione, higher than the Rampire, to cover

Soldiers.

K. The Void within, for the Soldiers Lodgings.

Bcfide? thefe, there were along the Wall great one at the Roch-hill over-againfl; the Wefter-
and Royal Forts ftrongly entrench'd (though wood a large one at Bankyir, over-againfl Ca- ;

within the Wall) able to receive a whole Army ftle Cary ; one at Dumbafs, Sec.
together. For the Wall being long, and they In the ruins of that at Bankyir, there was
not knowing where the Enemy would make tound a large Iron-fhovel, or fomc Inflrument
their attacks ; it was neceffary that lodgings refembling it, fo weighty that it could hardly
fhould be provided againft all occafions. In the be lifted by any man of this age. At the fame
fixing whereof, it is obfervable, that they did Fort alfo were difcovered feveral Sepulchres,
not fo much look after high grounds, as places covered with large rough Stones ; and at Dun-
that were well-watered ; but where thefe two chroc-chyr near Mony-abrcch, there have been
concurr'd, they were fure to have a Fort. large buildings.

The Forts which remain'd in Mr. Pont's time, The length of the Wall is thirty fix Scotch Length, and
(who trae'd them all) were thefe. One at Lang- miles. Beginning between the Queens-ferry Courfe, ofthe
Wall,
town, a mile eaft of Falkirk ; one juft at the and Abercorn, it goes along weft by the Grange
Rouintree-burnhead one at Wefier-Cowdon above and Kineil to Innereving.
; So on, to Falkirk
Helen's Chapel one at the Croy-hill;a very great
:
(two miles weft of which are the tracks of
one upon the top of the Bar-hill (which hath had Camelon ) from whence it goeth directly to ;

large Entrenchings, a frefli Spring, and a Well the foreft of Cumernald ( where hath been a
within it ) one at Achindevy ; one at Kirkin- great Fort call'd Caflle-Cary.)
;
Next, it runs
tilloch or Kaerpentalloch ; one at Eafi-Calder one
to the great Fort at the Bamhill, where have
;

at Hiltoun oj Calder one at Balmudy

;
one at been found feveral Stones 5 fome with Infcrip-
;

Simerfione and over Kilvin river and Carefioun; tions. From thence, it goeth to the Peel of
;

one at Atermynie one at Bal-cafile over-againfl Kirkintillo, the greateft Fort of all j and fo
;

Barhill ; one at Kaellybe over-againfl Cry-hill WefHvard to Dumbarton, with a great ditch upon
the
 ;

1289 The Roman Wall. 1290

the North fide of the Wall all along. It had
alfoalong it many fquare Fortifications, in COHORT1S HISPANORUM TIBICEN
form of Roman Camps. HIC JACET.
As to the Infcriptions on or near the Wall
amongft thofe, one is faid to have upon it Others have been liiewife found in thefe parts,
thefe words, pointing out fome of the Forces that quartered
hereabouts,

MATRIBVS

MILITES
VEXILL 10
LEG301 VI
BRITTON
VS-LPM-
iniuiiililillllllllillllllilhlhl

IMP CAES Tito ael

dl 10 HADRIAN O AN
^TOMJNOAV&PIOPP
LEG AVG II

P
8 A To
1 291 \ The Roman Wall. 1292

phiiofoph. 1o thefe we will add the following Infcription, found at

N. 26 p. Casllehill, near Kilpatrick.

IMP'CAESAFL'T'AELIO
HADRIANOANTONINO
AVfrPTpPP-VEXILEAt'O
LEG'VP- VI Clt P A F
PERNMMIP- BCLXVL

IRELAND.
IRELAND.
 THE
GENERALHEADS
I N

IRELAND.
IRELAND, 1301
The Britifli Ocean ibid.
The Government of Ireland,
1323
It's Courts or Tribunals 1325
It's Divifion 1 327

Kerry *333
Defmonia, or Defmond 1335
Cork
MUNSTER, •333,
Waterford
1337
134.1
Limerick 1345
Tipperary 1347

Kilkenny *3$3
Caterlogh 1355
Queen's County ibid.
King's County
LEINSTER, q h 1x ,
35 Kildare
r
357
ibid.
Weisford l
3$9
I
Wicklow 1 363
[Divelin, or Dublin ibid.

8 B METH,
 5

The General Heads in Ireland.

fEaft-Meth 1360
MET&, ^oVWeft-Meth 1373
[Longford ibid.

Twomond, or the County

of Clare 1379
Gallway ibid.

CONAGHT, Maio i38r

[377 Slego
1385
Letrim ibid.
Rofcoman 1387
Lords of Conaght ibid.

Louth 1 391
Cavon
1393
Fermanagh
Monaghan ibid.
Armagh 1397
ULSTER, 1301-! Down 1399
Antrim 1403
Colran, or London-Derry
1405
Tir-Oen ^07
\Donegall, or Tir-Conel 1409

The antient and modern Cu-

ftoms of the Irifti 141

IRELAND.
 IRE LAND.
The BRITISH OCEAN.
HAVE at
furvefd, rather
lafi. or run
over, thewhole Ijland of Britain, namely
thofetwo flourijhing Kingdoms, England
The Br.
rifti Sea, and Scotland, [now united into one King-
dom of Great Britain.1 And fince I
mufi necejfarily crofs the Sea, to come to
Ireland and the other Iflands, I hope it will
not be thought a DigreJJion, if I premife fomething concerning
the Britifh Ocean.
That vaf and wide Ocean, which J'urrounds Britain on all
fides hut the South, ebbs and flows with fo firong a tide, that
Pithoeus Maffilienfis reports it to [well eighty cubits higher
in. mm- than the Ifland. St, Bajil calls it the great Sea, to be
«r. c.
dreaded by Mariners
3 .
and St. Ambrofe fpeaks thus of it;
,

The great Sea, unattempted by Mariners, is that roaring

Ocean which encompaffes Britain, and extends into the
2
nknown.
&i moft remote parts; of which we
a fabulous Account.
have not fo much as
Sometimes it overflows the Fields ad-
joyning, and then retreats and leaves them. To fpeak with PJi-
iis Lum ny, it liesfo wide and open, that* theforce and prejjure of the
[ant is
'"
Moon does confiderably affeel it; and it flows withfuch Force,
that it not only drives lack the rivers that run into it •
but
either Jurprizes the beafis upon the ,/hore, it advances
fofafi ;

or leaves Sea-monfters upon the banks, it returns fo quick.

Every Age has feenfo many Sea-monjiers left behind upon the
dry land, to the great amazement of the beholders, that Ho-
race had good grounds for what he [aid,

Belluo-
 The British Ocean.
Belluofus qui remotis
Obftrepit Oceanus Britannis.

And
Seas (where Jhapekfs Monfters roar)
That %vajh Great Britain'j- fartheji Jhore.

And Juvenal,

Quanto Delphino Balasna Britannica major.

As much as Dolphins yield to Britifti Whales.

Nay, a voyage over our Sea was thought Juch a notable En-
terprise, that Libanus, the Greek Sophifi, in his Panegyrick to
juiius Kr-Conftantius Chlorus, exclaims, This Voyage to Britain, feems
equal to the nobleft triumph ! And Julius Firmicus, not the
AJlrologer, but another who was a Chrijiian, in a Treatife upon
the Errors of prophane Religion, dedicated to Confians
and Con-
fiantius, Emperours, fays, You have row'd over the fwelling
and raging billows of the Britifti Ocean in the very Winter;
a thing never yet done, nor ever to be done again. A Sea,
almoft unknown to us, hath fubmitted to you and the Bri- ;

tains are terrified at the unexpected arrival of a Roman

Emperor. What would you atchieve farther ? The very
Elements have yielded themfelves Captives to your Valour.
The learned Julius Scaliger, in his Poems, would make the
Caurus. Caurus or north-weft wind, the producl of the Britifh Sea in ;

oppofition to Lucan, who writes thus,

Primus ab Oceano caput exeris Atlanta?o,

Caure, movens arftus.

Tou fierce North- well, that fwett the raging tide,

Raifefrom Atlantick waves your lowering head.

For certain, this wind exceedingly annoys Ireland ; and for a

great part of the year, as Cadar fays, it blows in this Ifland.
That Ships firft plyd upon this Sea, as form write, feems
Wicker-
Ships of rh.
^incredible to me. But that the Britains ufedfmall wicker Vef-
Britains.
fels, covefd with leather, fuch as they call Corraghs at this day,
is evidentfrom Pliny ; with whom Lucan agrees,

Primum cana madefaclo vimine parvam

falix
Texitur in puppim, cadbque induta juvenco,
Vecdoris patiens tumidum fuper emicat amnem :

Sic Venetus ftagnante Pado, fufoque Britannus

Navigat Oceano,
Firft,
 :

The British Ocean.

Firjl, little Boats of wellfoak'd twigs were madef

A reeking hide above the twigs was laid
Thus rudely fitted, o're the waves they rode,
And flock''d with Paffengers, outbravd the flood.
Thus rough Venetians pafs the lazie Po,
And Britiili Keels the boundlefs Ocean plow.

Thm likewife Polyhiflor In that Sea, which is between

;

Britain and Ireland, they fail in wicker bottoms, cover'd

with Ox-hides, During their Voyages (how long foever,)
they do not eat.
As for the Commodities and Advantages of this Sea ifs ;

warmth, which cherifhes the Earth ifs jieam and vapour, ;

which feeds the Air and bedews the Fields the many Fijh of ;

all kinds bred in it, viz. Salmon (which Bede calls Ificii, and
Pliny Efox,) Plaice, Punger, Cod, Haddock, Whiting, Her-
ring, Bajfe, Maccarel, Mullet, Turbet, Seal, Rochet, Sole, Pil-
chard, Scate, Oyfler, Lobfler, Crab, and innumerable others
which fwarm in great Jhoals on this coaft ; thefe, I fay, are not
to my Tet I muft not forget intake notice of
prefent purpofe.
thofe Jewels, which Jubas tells w
are roundifh, and like Bees Pearls,
fwim in clujiers, with one like a Captain at the head of them.
Thus alfo Marcel linus, ofter he has fpoken of
the Perfian and
Indian Pearls Which kind of Jewels, we know very well,
;

are found in the creeks of the Britijh Sea, tho' not fo fine.
But although Pliny gives them the character of fmall and ill-
coloured, yet Suetonius makes them the great motive
of Cajfar'j
coming hither, and fays they were fo large, that he us'd to
,-

poize them in his hand, and dedicated a Breaft-plate made of

them Venus Genitrix which appears by the Infcription.
to ;

Origen alfo to the fame purpofe The beft Sort of Sea-pearl :

is found among the Indians, or rather in the Red-Sea. The

next, are thofe pick'd-up in the Britijh Ocean.In the third
place are to be reckon'd thofe that are found near Scythia
in the Bofphorus, being not fo good as either of the other.
And a little after: As for that Pearl which they fay is

found in Britain, it looks like gold, but is fomewhat

^«<-fpeck'd and cloudy, * and without the proper Luftre. Thus
alfo our Venerable Bede, concerning the Shell-filh of this Sea :
Among others, there are Mufcles, in which they find the
beft Pearl of all colours, purple, violet, green, and efpe
daily white. There are ||
Cockles alfo in great abundance. ii
adiit*.

8 C with
 The British Ocean.
with which they dye the Scarlet colour To ftrong, that
neither Sun nor Rain will change it nay, the older it is,
:

the better it looks. Tertullian, reprehending the diffblute lux-

ury of his time, fays, If ambitious Luxury would feed it felf

from the Britifh or the Indian Seas, there is a kind of Shell-
fifh fo agreeable to the palate, that it not only exceeds the
Purple-fifh, or the Oyfter, but even the Scallop it felf.
This Sea in general is caWd the Britilh, and Caledonian
Sea, hut yet has fever al names, according as it touches upon the

feveral Coafts.
On the Eaft, towards Germany, they call it the German
Ocean. On the North it is calledOceanus Hyperboreus,
•which the Antients untruly defer ibed, to be frill, and heavy

to the oar, and for that reafon not ealily rais'd to a ftorm.
This, Tacitus thought, was becaufe Land and Hills, which
are a great caufe of Tempefts, are rare here ; and alfo the
Sea it felf is fo wide and deep, that this weighty mafs of
waters is not ealily to be mov'd and driven. To the Weft,
juiius So- it tscaWd Oceanus Deucalidonius, and Vergivius and be- ;

linus
tween England and Ireland, it goes by the name of the Irifh
Sea, or St. George's Chanel. This the Antients defcribe to
be Jo high and raging, that it was not navigable all the
year round, except only fome few days in Summer. On the
South, towards France, it is properly caJTd the Britifli Sea:
but, at this day, the Dutch, call it the Chanel ; the Englijh, these, in aw.

Sleeve and the French in the fame fenfe, Le Manche becaufe

;
;

itgrows narrow, by little and little, like a Jleeve. That the

Sea as far as Spain, went under the name of the Britifh Sea,
we are ajfufd by Pomponius Mela, %vho was himfelf a Spa-
niard; where he tells us, that the Pyrenxan Hills run out as
far as the Britifh Sea.
Nature has fatter'd certain IJlands up and down this Sea,
for Jhow and ornament fome few to the Eaft
;
and South but ;

on the JVeft and North-fides, very many. For there, theyftand

the Sea.
fo thick, that they do as it were, parcel and embroider
But fince Ireland fo far exceeds the reft both its Largenefs
;

and Renown may juftly entitle it to the firft place.

IRELAND,
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
o
r QOO I3IQ

&\

footh) being mofl skilful Soothfayers, and prefaging nagh, as by far the mofl ancient names of this+ I '°
iana ''j
s >-

that the Empire of the World mould at lafl fettle Ifland. [The firft (which fignifies People of,\'
Baarta c.
\A& Caurum. in that Jirong angle j towards the Wefl, took pcjfejf- Belgia,) and the fecond (which fignifies Dano-
cn of thefe parts, and of Ireland, 'very early ; and ntan People, ) were names of certain Septs of
that the Syrians, and the Tyrians alfo, endeavour d to Inhabitants ; fuch as Scots, PiEls, Saxons y in
fettle themfehes there, as the foundation of their Britain. It is poffible, they might be Colo-

future Empire. I mull beg the Reader's par- nies of the Belga and of the Damnonii or Dan-
don, it" I cannot fubfcribe to thefe Opinions ; monii of Britain.! But as to Bannagh r(Blef-
no, not to that which is generally receiv'd, viz,, fed)l I ,know not how to account for it, unlefs
its being fo called ab hiberno tempore : though I it be the Banmmanna} which Pliny mentions
out
i3°9 i^ro

IRELAND, in General.
N the VergiviaU Sea (fo Call'd, mufl own, I have heard that the wind, from
not as Come think, a vergendo, whatever quarter it blows here, is cold and
from bending, but from Mor piercing as in -winter. Hibernia, Juverna, and
Weridh, which is the Britifh 'Qvtfna., are without all queftion derived from
name, or clfe from. Farigi, lema (the name that we find in Orpheus and
which is the Irifh name of it,) Ariftotle;) and fo likewife is lema, Iris, Iverdhon,
lies the raoft famous Ifle of and Ireland, from Erin, the name by which
IRELAND, on the Weft-fide of Britain. the Inhabitants themfelves call it.
Formerly, it was thought the moll eminent And therefore the original is to be traced by
Bland in the World, but two. For thus this Irifh name Erin only. And here I am
the ancient Geographer writes of them. puzzled, and muft, like the Philofophers of
Toot wcraji w^nia hSiK i TcmrySitm y.kyk'hn
ij
}
$£%t\ old, * fufpend.
jtj Fori am at a loft, nor can I**£wfxa*3
^s3' 3v w ~Bpila.my.il, TfiWK ^te^c BpilcLnuv k Ovufntt. i. e. tell what to think in this matter ; unlefs it
Among the Iflands, Taprobane (» /k^'c jw«/2 ta£ff might perhaps come from Htcre, an Irifh word
place firft for renown and greatnefs ; next to it, iignifying the Weft, or a Tra'ci Weftward ; and
Britain ; and in the third place, may import as much as a Weft-country,
Ireland, another fo Erin
Lib. mag. Ifland of the Britains. And therefore Ptolemy and be dcriv'd from thence. This I have long
ConJlruftiO' calls it Britannia Parva, or Little Britain. thought a plaufible Conjecture ; both, becaufe
n/s.
* By Orpheus it is by Ariftotle it is the molt Weftward country in Europe, be-
called Jtptki
*OFthefeve-
ra! names;and Gaudian, lema by Juvenal and Mela, Ju- ing but twelve degrees diftant from the utmoft
;

ee Wart's venta i by Diodorus Siculus, Iris i by Martianus point in that quarter ; and alfo, becaufe the
\nticj, Hi-Heracleota, i^pta by Euftathius 'o^n'*, and moft Wefterly river in this Ifland Kinmaire,'\ is I

;
3Crn. p. i.
BtjH* by the Inhabitants, Erin ; by the Bri- called lernm by Ptolemy, and the moft Wefter-
;

tains, Tuerdon ; and by the Englifh, Ire- ly Promontory in Spain (from whence our Irifh
land. were tranfplanted, ) is called Ierne by Strabo ;
Concerning the original of thefe Names (as and the river next it, which lies alfo more
upon a point obfeure and difficult) there have Weft than any other in Spain, is named lema
been many, and very different, Opinions. Some by Mela. From this Wefterly fituation like-
f Winter, will have Ireland to be derived ab f htberno tern- wife, Spain it felf was termed Hefperia the ;

pore, others from Bents a Spaniard, others Weftern Cape in Africa, Hefptrium comu ; and
from the River Iber ; and the Author of the in Germany Weftrkh, Weftphalen, &c. are fo
Eulogium, from a Captain called Imalph. Po-'call'd from the fame pofition. So that it is not
ftellus, in his publkk Lectures at Paris upon at all ftrange, that this Country fhould derive
Vomponius Mela (to fhew fomewhat, exquifite its name from the Weftern fituation.
and fingular) derives it from the Jews, fo asj Befide the names of Ireland already mention 'd;
Ian with him, is quaji twin, that is, a Land'the Irifh Bards, in their Ballads, called it* Fir-*T,rvoUc,
of the Jews. For he fays, "That the Jews (tor-', bolg or Ferbolug, f Tuah-de Danan, and Ban-C. \\

footh) being moft skilful Soothfayers, and pr efaging' nagh, as by far the moft ancient names of zhis^, Tou ^ aaa "*
that the Empire of the World would at laft fettle Ifland. [The firft: (which fignifieS People oj','Banfls c<
*"
\A& Caurum, that ftrong angle f towards the Weft, took fojfejft- C/i/m'n
igia,) nnA the
^ and fiTnnA /'lI'Kl/^ll
fVlo fecond ^117111(100
(which lignifies Dano-
7~irtvin—>

on of thefe parts, and of Ireland, -very early and nian People, ) were names of certain Septs of
;

that the Syrians, and the Tyrians alfo, endeavour d to Inhabitants ; fuch as Scots, PiBs, Saxons, in
fettle themfelves there, as the foundation of their Britain. It is poftible, they might be Colo-
future Empire. I mull: beg the Reader's par- nies of the Belga and of the Damnonii or Dan-
don, if I cannot fubferibe to thefe Opinions ; monii of Britain.! But as to Bannagh f(Blef-
no, not to that which is generally recei/d, viz.. fed)l I ,know not how to account for it, unlefs
its being fo called ab hihrno tempore : though I it be the Banmmanna, which Pliny mentions
out
 3

1
1 r IRELAND, in General. I 31 2
out ot Timacus ; where he defcribes the ut-
Irijh Sea. On the weft, it is bounded by the
moft Parts ot" Europe, and the fhore of the
vaft Weftern Ocean ; on the north, by the
Deu-
Northern Ocean on the left, from Scythia, as caledonian and on the fouth, by the Vergivian ;

far as Cadez,. For it does not yet appear to Sea.

Barmomanna. Geographers, what this Bannamanna was. Biaun A Country (fays Giraldus ) uneaiien, mountai-
in lrifli Signifies holy, and the Ifland it felt" is nous, foft, viajhy, woody, windy, and
fa boggy that ^',"1 inlZ
* V Finia ca *' et^ * Sacred or the Infula Sacra, by Feftus you may fee /landing waters ztfon the very Moun- plgrlhu m-
Fyib. 4. Avienus, in his little Book, entitl'd Ora Mart tains. TBut as it hath grown more populous; it is for*™,
Eff
"

Sckoiiafl. timai which he collected out of the moll and- become lefs waterifh and boggy; the Low-lands
ent Geographers, Hecatem Mikftm> Hellanhm and Marfhes being drained by the induftry of
Ora
olZ'xIaff-*'
Marl
Lesbim, PbiUas Athenienfa, Caryand&m, Paufyma- the Inhabitants. The Woods too are in good
nut.
chm Samim, Damaflm, EuElemon, and others. meafure deftroy'd; and as for Corn, they have
But I will fubjoin his Verfes ; for when he that in great abundance.! "The Climate (accor-
{peaks of the Oftrymide-Iflands> he fays, ding to Mela)) is fo unkind, that it does not ri-
pen Corn ; yet the Country produces Grafs in fuch
plenty{and that not only very rank hut very fweet)
Aft him duofols in Sacram, fie infulam that the Cattel fill themfelves in a very little time,
Dixere prifci, Jolibili eurfm rati eft. and viill even burft, if they are not hinder'd from
Brcc inter undas multum cefpitem jaeit, eating longer. t Upon this account, their Breed .
Eamque late gem Hilernorum eolit. of Cattel is infinite, and are indeed the greater!
r
the °Ex"lk„!
Propinqua rurjm infula Albionttm patet. wealth and fupport of the Inhabitants ;' as alio ties of /re-
Sheep, which they fliear twice a year, and of'" '. ™ "'"", 1 1

the coarfeWooll make Irifh rugs and mantles 3/",,

f'-
which arc carry 'd into foreign parts. Their
Hence to the Holy Ifle ( the ancient a^RoV""'
Horfes Iikewife(we call themflbife) are very
name) H r '
excellent they go not as other Horfes do, but
Two Suns will bring you through the
:

pace very foft and eafie. The Hawks alfo

Where
pathlcfs ftream.
falling turf advanceth every tide, "
are not without their Excellencies ; but thefe " '
MW " """-
as other animals ( belides men and
all
O're fpacious tracts the roving Irifh i grey-SSSd^
hounds,) are of a lefs fize here, than in Eng-™>«».
fpread ;

And neighb'ring
land. The air and ground are of too moid a Ha »' s .
Alb-ion fhows her lofty \
nature ; and this makes fluxes and rheums fo Difeafes.
head.
ufual in the country, efpecially among
ftran-
gers ; yet their * Uskebah, which is lefs
enfla- * A
vitA
mmg and yet more drying than out's, is an ex- Uskebah. '

TMr. Selden thinks, that ffacim Tz*etz.es,. in his cellent remedy for this diftemper. Giraldus
* P?g. 155.* Commentary upon Lyeophron, may intend fays, that none of the three kinds of
Fevers
Ireland by that expreflion, T» f ;J In Surf Befia.- touch the Natives of this Country ; which is
ulif.l daily refuted
Yet to cite the by experience.
If that Ogygia, wiiich Plutarch places on the fame Author as evidence
.
in another matter, Tin
Szii. ie
^ e " ot Britain, was a matter of real truth, Country it felf is
of all others the mojl temperate ;
Maiula in an d not a mere dream, one would take Ireland here are neither the feorehing
heats of Cancer a
Luna. to be figniiy'd by that name ; though the To- drive men into Jbades, nor the piercing
colds of Ca-
ries which are told of it, are all Romantick pricorn to drive them to the The air fire. is fo
and idle. Nor is it eafie to find a reafon, why mild andpleafant, that all feafons are in fome degree
they fhould call it Ogygia ; unlefs from the warm. [Upon the whole, though there is not
Antiquity of it for the Greeks never attri-
: all the difference here imply
'd, between the
buted that name to any thing that was not par- Climates of England and Ireland ; yet of the
ticularly ancient. Robertas Conftantintts feems to two, Ireland feems to be the more temperate
;
be quite wrong, in affirming our Ireland to be that is, not fo hot in Summer, nor fo cold
in
the Cerne in Lyeophron. For Lyeophron him- Winter.]
felf, and his Commentator 7z.etz.esj make Cerne Bees are fo fwarming and plentiful in this
The Tile Bees.
Cerne., to be (ituated in the Eaft ; and the learned are Country, that we find them not only in hives,
all of opinion, that Madagafcar muff be the place; but in the trunks of trees, and caverns of the
which lies, as it were in another World, un- earth. Vines alfo grow here, but yield not fo
der the Tropick of Capricorn, over-againft E- much benefit, by their fruit, as by their fhade ,,?V"F
For as foon as the Sun has pafs'd Leo, we have '"
why
Thus much of the Names of Ireland; not cold blafts in thefe parts, and the afternoon- '

forgetting, in the mean time, that in later ages heat^ in Autumn too little, in ftrength and
is

Ireland call'd"
waS cal1 '^ Scotia by Ifdor e and Bede, from continuance, both here and in Britain, to ri-
Scotland. the Scotch Inhabitants ; and that from thence pen and concoft Grapes to perfection.
More-
the name of Scotland, together with the Scots over, Ireland has no Snakes, nor other
veno-
themfelves, came into Britain. But this has mous Creatures, fnor has it Frogs,
or Moles ;"l
been already obferv'd, and need not be re- yet it is rftilll infefted with Wolves p* on the * All over,
peated. wild and folitary Mountains, where there are c -

This Ifland is ftretch'd-out from fouth to few or no Inhabitants.]

north j not broad nor long, as Strabo fays, but To wind up all : Whether we regard the fruit-
of a lentel or oval form j nor yet of tw enty r
fulnefs of the Soil, the advantages of a
Sea
days fail, as Philcemon in Ptolemy has related - with fo many commodious Harbours, or the
'
but according to modern computation, it is Natives themfelves, who are warlike, ingeni-
reckoned three hundred [Englifhl miles in ous, proper, andwell-complexioned, foft-skin'd,
and fcarce one hundred and twenty in
length, and exceeding nimble thro' a peculiar phantnefs
Antlq. Hi- TFrom North to South, faith Sir oftheMufcles this Ifland is in many
breadth.
refpects ;

bcrn. c. 3. James Ware, it contains upwards of two bun- fo happy, that Giraldus might very well fay,
s' 2 ' dred miles, and from Eaft to Weft, one hun- Nature had been more favourable than
ordinary, to
The fituatlon dred and twenty.! On the call of it, lies £«- this Kingdom of Zephyrus. And the reafon
of laiiAso.^/aW, fever'd by that boifterous Sea, call'dthe why it is now and then reflefled-on, is,
becaufe
of
 ; : : ;

121
3*3 IRELAND, in general. 131.4,
of the Inhabitants, who are unciviliz'd in fome And Mines of Tin, and Veins of Silver
places, and, which is ftrangely inconfiftent, lov Ore,
Idlenefs and hate Eafe. They begin very early Which mother Eitnh, unlocking all her
with their Amours ; for among the wilder ft ore,
fort, when their daughters arrive at the age o! From her deep bofom yields : as if fhe'd
ten or twelve, they marry them, as ripe and fhew
capable ; without expelling that age and ma- A nearer paflage to the fhades below,
turity which is requir'd in other Nations. But And wond'ring ghofts expofe to mortal
in the end of this Book we fhall treat more view,
largely of their Cultoms i and in this place, it

the Reader pleafes, he fhall hear Ireland {peaking

of it felf and its Commodities, in the Verfe
of the rnofl learned Hadriomts Junius.
Ilia ego fum Gratis olhn glue talis hme
Dicia, &
Jafonid pitppis bene cognita
nautis :
Qita lartfiejidco propior fe tingere files
Flumiue confpicio, Cauro jubjetia procaci
Cui Dem, &
mellor rerttnt nafcentium origo after the flood, Sartbolanm a
Jm commune dedit cum Creta altrke to~
nantis,
Noxia ne noflris dtjfundant fibila in oris
"Terrific^ even tah Pborcynidos ungues :
If what the In'fh Authors
relate, may be Why call'd
credited; this Ifland was not without
good rea- OgygU.
ion call'd Qgygia (or very ancient)
by Plutarch.
For they begin their Hiftories from the
higheft
Antiquity ; fo that other Nations are but mo-
dern, and as it were in their Infancy, in refpeel
of their's. They tell us, chat one Cajarea, a
grand-daughter of Noah, inhabited this Ifland
before the deluge; and that three hundred
years
Scythian arrived
here, and had great wars and conflicts with the
Giants: That, long aftertlus, Newethathe Scy-
thian came hither, and that he was prefently
driven out by the Giants That afterwards De- :

Et forte illati comprejjis faucibm atris la, with certain Greeks, poflefs'd
himfelf of the
Virofo pariter vttam cum [anguine ponant. liland; and that then Gaothelm with
his ynhSeoUh
En ego cum regni fceptro, Mavortia hello the daughter of Pharaoh King of Egypt, came
Peciora, &
Imrijeras bominum, nil Jingo, hither land made the_. -v Tongue
jui.^ui. which
VT1111.11 called vid
i_«.
y- .
is
ia - m
ckron,l.i. c.
figuras, Gaithlaf, as being
hi-ino- a
n rnlloAm,, «,,'.
Collodion out of~C „
„ n

Qiii curfu alipedes norint pravertere cer- Tongues;! and that the Country took the name
•vos, or Scotia from her, and the language the namec. 7.
F£ r"dili. 3 M .

Dedico, pifcofofque lacust volucrumque pa- of Gaothela from him ; and that
tills was about
ludes the time when the Ifraehtes departed
out of
Omnigemtm lufiris fxtas, fiannique jodi- jEgypt. Some few ages after, Hiberus and Her-
nas, mien (call'd Ever and Erimon by the Itifh wri-
Et puri argenti venas, quas terra refoffis ters) the Sons of Milefius King of Spain, plan-
Vifceribus manes imos vifura redudit. ted Colonies in this Country (unpeopled
by a
Peftilence at that time,) with tile
permiffion of
Gerguntius, King of the Eritains ; as the Bri-
tirtl Hiftory informs us. I (hall not meddle
I*m cold Irrne ; me the Grecians knew, either with the Truth or
Falfif, of thefe relati-
Me Jajen, and his Pegafean crew- ons Antiquity muil be allow'd fome liberty in
:

Fix'd in the Ocean near the fportive this way.

Weft'; However, as I doubt not but this Ifland
was Ireland firft
I fee great Phoebus porting down to inhabited, as foon as mankind
began to inliabited by
reft : multiply and difperfe in the World th° Britai " s -
; fo it is
And when his fiery Car the flood re- very plain, that its firft Inhabitants came
from
ceives, Britain For, not to mention the vaft num-'Of ths " °-
'.

Hear the Wheels biffing in Tartejjian bets of Britiih words which are
to be met," s
Waves. with in the Irifh tongue,
language,
and the ancient "Ef'tfc
On me kind Mother Nature hath be- ~*
names which favour of a Britiih extraflion fame
with th.
;
ftow'd The nature and maimers if the Peofle
( as Tacitus Britifli, fee
The wondrous Gift, which grateful Heaven v, fays) differ not much from the Brimins. ,r" re> p 6 '
'
It is
allowM by all the ancient writers, the Britijb
call'd
Ifland
To Crete's fair Iile that nurs'd the thun- j Diodorus Siculus makes Inn a part of
Britain
d'ring God J Ptolemy calls it Britannia Parva, as
you mayj,^^
:

That no Snake, fprung from Medufa's b >' c ° m P™»g "is Geography with
gore,
vile
£
Magna Coufirttdw and Strabo in his Epitome
;
his P.™.

Should vent an hifs upon my peaceful calls the Inhabitants exprefly,

Britain,. Thus
fhore. like-wife the Ifland it felf is cali'd an Ifland of
If hither brought, their feeble jaws they the Britams,by an ancient Geographer. Feftus
clofe, Avienus flious the fame thing from
Dionylius,
And dearer life do with their Poyfon where he treats of the Britiih Mauds
lofe.

A Crown I bring, and Sons renown'd in

fight Eminus hie alia: gelidi prope fiahra Aqm-
And roving Savages, an hideous fight lonis
On barren Cliffs their horned Troops ap- Exuferant 11,1dm, tf vafla cacumina toUunt,
pear, Ha numero geminx, fingues fila, cefpitis
And with unequal fteps purfue the tremblin; ampli,
Deer. Conditur oceidui qui Rheni gurgitis
unda,
Thefe I prefent : and Lakes, the firft in Dira Britanmrum fufiemam agmina
terris.
fame
For choiceft Fifh ; and fenns of flying
game :

8 D Tw»
 6

3*5 IRELAND, in general 1 31

had ; would have been a means to civilize
as it
the Nation. For wherever the Romans were
Two others, that the North's cold ftreams Conquerors, they introduced humanity among
divide, the Conqucr'd ; and, except where they rul'd,
Lift their proud cliffs above th' unequal there was no fuch thing as humanity, learning,
tide. or politenefs, in any part of Europe. Their
Wide are their Fields j their Corn and Pa-"1 . neglect of this Ifland may be charg'd upon
{lure good : them, as very 1 neon fide rate. For, from this
Where Weftern Rhine rouls on his hafly i quarter, Britain was fpoil'd and infefled with
flood ;
moll cruel Enemies ; which feems to have been
And furious Britain* make their wild | forefeen by Auguftus, when he neglected Bri-
- 1
tain for fear of the dangers that threatened
abode.
from the adjacent Countries. Towards the de-
cline of the Roman Empire, a Nation of the
Nor there any Country, from which, by Scots or Scythians (for formerly,
is as Strabo Setts , in ft e ,

reafon of vicinity, it was more eafy to tran- writes, all the people weftward were termd Cello- Tand.
fplarjt People into Ireland, than from our Bri- Scytha,) grew potent in Ireland, and begun to
tain ; from hence the paffage is as fhort make a great figure in the world. In the reign
tor
and eafie, as from France to Britain. But af- of Honortm and Arcadim the Emperors, it was
terwards, when the Romans had eflablifh'd an inhabited by Nations of the Scots, as Oroilus
univerfal Empire it is not to be queflion^i writes.
; Hence Claudian his Contemporary,
but that abundance of people out of Spain.
Gaul and Britain, retir'd hither, to be eas'd
of the plagues and grievances of the Roman Scotorum cumulos fevit glacialis lerne,
Tyranny and 1 underftand thofe words of
;

Tacitus, to be with an eye to this: Ireland, [1- O're heaps of Scots when icy Ireland
tuated exaBly between Spain and Britain, lies very mourn'd.
convenient for the French-Sea, and -would unite the
flrong members of the Empire, with great advantage ; And in another place,
its ports ami havens are better known than thoje of
Britain, by reajon of the refort and traffick Totam cum Scotm Hibemem
there. For, though Julius Agricola entertained a Movit.
petty Prince of Ireland (who was forced from
thence by his rebel-fubjects, ) that he might
have a Pretence to invade that Ifland, which When Scots all Ireland mov'd to fudden
he thought could be conqucr'd and kept in war.
fubjection w ith one Legion and fome few
Auxiliaries and fays moreover, that it would
;

prove a mighty advantage to the Roman-In- For from hence the Scots made their Defcentsi rift from
tcreft in Britain, it the Roman Arms were on
into Britain, and were often repuls'd with Spain,
allfides of it, it were great lofs.
and liberty banifh'd as
out of fight : Yet we do But from whence they came into Ireland, Nin-
not find that the Ro-
mans made any upon it. Some, in- nius a very ancient Author and Difciple of El-
attempts'
Romans did deed, think they did, and endeavour to ftrain vodugus (who by his own teftimbny liv'd in the
not conquer this inference from that of Juvenal; year 830, under Anaraugh, King of Anglefey
Ireland. and Guineth,) will inform you. For, when he
has told us, that in the third age of the World
- Arma quid ultra the Britains came into Britain, and that the
Littora Juverna promovimus , <D' modo Scythians came into Ireland in the fourth, he
captas proceeds to tell us., 'That Iaft of all the Scots
Oicadas, & minima contcntos nolle Bri- came from Spain into Ire/and. The firft that arrivd,
taitnos ? waa Partholanus with one thoufand men and wo- Bartbeianus
men, who multiply d to the number of four thou-in another
jand, and then a great mortality befelthem, fo that$ acc'
What though the Oroides have own'd our all dyd in a week, without fo much as one fur-
power ? viving. The fecond that landed in Ireland was Nc-
What though methus, the Son of Aguomine, who by report was
Juvjirxas tam'd ; and Britain s

a year and half together upon the Sea, and at loft

That
(ho re,
boafts the fhorteft night —
a harbour in Ireland with his jhatter'd Veffels :
? got to
From hence he return d into Spain ; and after that,
the three Sons of a Spanifh Knight came hither *
ftfiifa
The Panegyrick fpoken to Conftantine the in thirty Cules, with thirty wives in each Cule, and Or perhaps of

Emperor, feems alfo to intimate, that Ireland continued here a year. The lap} that arrivd, was one Melefiuu
was fubjeet to him : The words are, Britain Elam-hotlor, whofe poflerity continues here to this Otherwlfe
is fo far recovered, that even thofe Nations which day. With this, agrees Henry of Fluntington :«!Td Clan-

7 Ho
lie along the coafts of th fame Ifland, are become he Britains in the third age of the world came '

cbedient to your command. We are likewife in- into Britain ; and the Scots in the fourth age into

formed by later Chronicles, that Ireland to- Ireland. And though theje thi}igs are not very cer-
gether with Britain and Thule, fell to the fhare tain, yet that thy
came from Spain into Ireland
of Conflantine, fon of Confhntine the Great, is fome part of them jet fail
maniftfh, and, that
in the divifion of the Empire. And that filly again, and made a third Nation among the Britains
Cetfarea. {lory of Cafarea, Noah's Grandchild, has at and Picts in Britain. The receiv'd Opinion a-
leaft fo mush of Gefar in it, that it feems to mong the Irifh doth likewife confirm this ;
intimate the arrival of fome Cafar or other in who value themfelves upon being the crf-fpring
Ireland. However, I cannot be perfwaded, that of the Spaniards. Neither is it ftrange, thar
this Ifland was conquered by the Romans. ib many fhculd come into Ireland {rom the
Without qucllion, it had been well for it, if it north of Spain ; which (as Strabo writes) is
very
*V7 IRELAND, !» general. 131a
very barren, and fcarce habitable. From that peror Carolus Calvus. What fhoxld I fpeak (/Ire-
paflage of Ninnius, we may infer than the land, which flighting the dangers of the feu, comes
coming over of Bartholanus and Nimethus, is with great numbers of Phikjophers into our Countrey I
ro be dated much later, than they have fix'd it. and the mofl eminent among them do voluntarily bauifh
I need not put the reader in mind again, that themfehes, to attend the mofl wife Salomon.
this Country was call'd Scotia from the Scots. The Monaflick Profejfion, then in its infancy, Monks-
Chriftianity Thefe Scots, not many years after, were con- was very different from this of our age. They
:i; Ireland.
verted to Chriftianity in Ireland (chough they endeavoured to be what they profefs'd; and
would have that Story in Rufimis concerning the were above t di (Emulation and hypocrify. If
converfion of the Hiberi in Aiia, to be meant they err d, it was through Simplicity, and not
of them.) Then alfo Palladius theBifhop was out of wickednc/s, or obliinacy. As for wealth
rent to them by Pope Celeftin. Whereupon and the things of this world, they conte'rmVd
Profper Aquitanus writes againft Collator ; Ce- them to fuch a degree, that they did not only
leftin delivered the Britain* from the Pelagian here- not covet, but even reject them, when either
jy, by banijhing certain enemies to God's grace (who oifer'd to them, or defended by inheritance.
•were then in their own native coimtrey) even from For Columbanus, who was himfclf a Monk of
that unknown part of the Ocean ; and, having Or- Ireland, being prefs'd (as Abbot WdlafridWai&id,
dain d a Bijbop among the Scots, while he endea- writes ) by Sigebert King of the Franks, with
In the year vourd to preferve the Cathohck Religion in art Ifland many large pronufts, not to leave his Kingdom ;
43 1, Romans, he alfo indue d a barbarous
belonging to the made this noble reply (the fame that Eufebius
Palladiut Nation to mm
Chrijlian. Yet Ninnius fays, tells us of-Thadsus) That it became not them to gape Contempt of
Vine £ni that nothing was effected by Palladius (he be- after other mens riches, who had left and forjaken "ches,
lib.?, i

ing taken a-vay by an untimely death ) and
adds, upon the authority of the Irifh writers,
that the Chriftian Religion was planted in Ire-
St. Patrick, land by Patrick. This Patrick was a Britain, born
*Turcnenfi. in Cluydfdal, and related to' Martin * of Tours,
and was a dilcipleofSt. German,and appointed
to fucceed Palladius, by Pope Celeftin. He
planted the Chriftian Religion in Ireland with
fuch fuccefs, that the greateft part of that
Countrey was converted ; upon which, he was
called the Irifh Apoftle. Henricus Amihodo-
ren'fis or ot Auxerrcs, an .ancient writer, has
; theirown for the fake of Chrifl. The BritifliThe Britilb
feem no lets to have defpis'd riches ; lince Bifliops.
Bifl)ops
they had no fubliftcnce of their own. Thus,
as we find in Suipitius Sevcrus, T'he Bifliops of
Britain in the Council holden at Rhimini were main-
taind by the publick, having nothing of their own to
live upon. The Saxons in that age llock'd hi-
ther, as to the great mart of learning ; and this
is the reafon why we find it fo often in our
Writers of the Lives of Saints, Such an one was
fent over into Ireland to be educated * ; and the * V. Bed.
7.3.
reafon alfo of this paflage in the life of Sulgenus, 7- & 27. <"•

this paflage concerning him in his Book about who flourifh'd | 700 years ago : t 6°°> C.
the Miracles of St. German. Forafmuch as the
glory of a Father becomes mofl confpicttous in the
government of Ins Sons ; among the many Sons of Exemplo patrum commotus amore legendi,
Chrifl which are belicv'd to be bis Difciples, it fball Ivitad Uibernos, Sophia, mirabile, daros.
fuffsce infhort to mention one, the mofl famous of all

others, as the courfe of his actions jhew ; and this With love of learning, and examples fVd,
is Patrick, the Apoftle of the Irifh Nation, who be- To Ireland, famM for wifdem, he repair'd.
ing eighteen years under his mofl holy DifcipUm, drew
from that Fountain no fmall knowledge in the Holy
Scriptures. T'he godly B/fbop, obferving him to be And perhaps our fore-fathers, the Saxons,* 1 ™ Saxona "
1

Jledfafl in Religion, eminent for Virtue, and accom- )k the draught and form of their letters from eani to ,haVl ',

plifh'd in 1iK.11. wj«*u«i

Learning ; and deeming it unfit, that a lmlihj their uemg the
charader being fame wim
cue lame with that,STe
tnat, t ieir i etter
tte r i ,

husbandman of fuch flrength and skill fhould lie idle which is at this day uled in Ireland. from tha
in the Lord s Vineyard, recommended htm to the holy Norr is there any reafon to wonder, that Ire-*"*-
Ire-In-
Pope Celeftin, by Segetius one land, which for the molt part is \ now rude"^ So jj"*»
of his Presbyters, who
was directed to inform the and bai
Apoflolical arbarous, without any parts of polite
See of the
butViS™
worth of this holy man- Being therefore approved Learning; did abound with perfous of fo great much i

of, and enabled by the authority and bluffing of his Piety and Abilities, in an age when Ieara- proved and
Holinefs, he tank a voyage into Ireland, and, being ing was little heeded in any other part of c v " d !
-
,
j j!
made the peculiar Apofile of that Nation, as he then Chriftendom; iince the wifdom of Providence
infirucled them by his preaching and miracles, fo he fows the leeds of Religion and Learning, nowfWifh Pome-
lS,
does now, and will for ever, adorn them with the in one Nation, and then in another, as in fo times in one
wonderful Power and Privileges of his Apofik- many Beds; to the end, that by every tran-9? un ^' nni
fliip. (plantation, a new growth may flicot up andJjSJ*
1
^
f
were fo great proficients flourifh,
St. Patrick s difciples to his glory and the good of man-
in the Chriftian Religion, that in the age fol- kind.
lowing
Ireland was term'd Santhrum Patria, However, War by little and little put a ftoprreland un-
The Monks of * the Country of Saints; and the Scotch to theftudy of Religion and Learning in thisfted by the
'•

Ireland holy Monks in Ireland and Britain were very emi- Kingdom For in the year 644, Egfrid YJ^gNoithumbri-
:

nnd learned, nent for their fanctity and learning, and fent of Northumberland fpcil'd Ireland
with fire and"""'
many holy men into all parts of Europe ; who fwordj which was then a very kind allie to Eng-
were the ftrft founders of Luxeid-Abby in Bur- land; and for this heis heavily complained of and
gundy, of Bolby-Abby in Italy, of WirtzJjurg- condemned by Bede. Afterwards, the Norwegi-
Abby in France, of S. Gallus in Switzerland ; of ans, under the conduct; of Turgefim, wafted this~
W "'
r"
££,
Malmesbury, Lindesfern, and many other Moua- Country in a moil difmal manner for the fpace of
fteries, in Britain. For, out of Ireland came 30 years together ; but he being cat off by am-
Calius Sedulius the Presbyter, Columba, Colum- bufh, the inhabitants fell upon the Norwegians,
bonus, Colman, Aidan, Gallus, Kilian, Maidulph, and made fuch an entire defeat and flaughte* of
Brendan, and many others ; celebrated for their them, that hardly one efcap'd. Thefe Norwegians
holy and for their learning. The foremen- were without doubt the * Normans who (as* Naw/wni,
lives,
tion'd Henry of Auxerre is to be understood of Rheginus tells us) in Charles the Great's time
thefe Monks, in this addrefs of his to the Em- invaded Ireland, an Ifland if the Scots, and were put
 , : -

12,19 IRELAND, in general. 1320

Ireland waft-fo flight by them. the fecond beftow'd
edbyt\KOufi. the
Afterwards, the Otijhnatmi, i.e the Sovereignty of Maud
mount. 1 hole.
E a ft_ mell came
from the fea-coaft of Ger
-, . . . .
upon lushnjohn which was rjonfirm'd by aBuIl ;

perhaps many where, under colour or

into Ireland, from Pope Urban, -who in teflimony thereof
,

fint him
whom Tacit,trade and merehandife. being admitted into a Crown of Peacocks Feathers embroider d -with Gold.
calls Mftiones. fome of their Cities, in a fhort time they began Some Authors affirm, that when this Prince
Eginardus,
a very terrible war. Much about this time, came to the Crown, he granted bv his Charter,
—"and con- £#"" til " ™ofl potent King of the Englifo, that both Ireland and England iliould be held
King John's
queredhj theconquer'd a great part of Ireland. For thus or the Church ot Rome, and that he received Grant to the
Saxons, we find it in a certain Charter ot his Unto it from the Church, as a Feudatory and Vice-Pope,
:

ivbom God has gracioufly anted, ttwetber -with the gerent, and obliged his Succeflbrs to pay thtee H° "<1 "'- 1

Empire of England, the dominion over ail the King- hundred Marks to the Bifhop of that See-
doms oj the I/lands, with their fierce Kings, as farm Yet the eminent TSirl Thomai Moor, who fa-
Norway, and the conqueft oj the greateft pan oj crifie'd his life to the Authority of the Pope,
Ireland, with her mofl noble city Dublin. denies this to be true. For he fays, the Ro-
Thefe florins from foreign parts, were foon fuc- manics Can (hew no fuch Grant and that they ;

ceeded by a much worfe ftorm at home, namely have never demanded the faid Money, nor have
Cm/Dinenfions; which made waytor tbeEng- the Kings of England acknowledg'd it to be due.
Conqueft by 1^ Conqueft of that Country. For Henry II However, with fubmiflion to tnis great man,
K. Henry 2.
Yfa% of England, feeing the differences and emu- the thing is really otherwifc ; as moft clearly
lationsamong the petty Princes of Ireland, took appears from the Parliament-Rolls, which are
the Opportunity; and in the year 1155. mov'd an Evidence inconteftable. For in a Parliament,
the Conquering of Ireland to his Barons, forthe in Edward the third's Reign, tile Chancellor of
nfe of his brother William ot Anjou How- England informs them, That the Pope intended
Robert de ver, by advice of his mother Maud the Em- to cite the King of England to Rome, as well
Monte ad an-
prt (s, this delign was defer'd to another time. tor homage, as for the tribute due and payable
rum 118^.
Dermic the Not many years after, Dermidus fon of Mur- from England and Ireland, to which King
Ion of Mur- chard C* Dermot MacMorrog, as they call him) John had bound himfelf and his Succelfors;
chard. who govern'd the eaft part of Ireland, called i and driir'd their opinion in it. The Bifhops
* Dermoni
Latin Lagenia3 and commonly Uinfier, was, for required a day to conlider of this matter aparr
Mac Morcugh. '.
;

1 167.
his tyranny and extravagant lulls (for he had as likewife did the Nobles, and Commons. The
ravitVd the wife of O-Rorke, daughter of i
next day they met again, and unanimoufly
petty King of Meath) driven from his Country voted and declared ; That forafmuch as neither
and obtaind forces of King Henry the fecond, King John, nor any other King whatsoever,
to reftore him. He made this contract alfo cculd put the Kingdom under fuch fcrvitude,
with Richard Earl of Pembroke, firnamed but by confent ot Parliament (which was never
Rkliard Strongbow, of the family of Clare ; that if he had;) and farther, feeing that whatever he-
Strongbow.
would afiiil him, he would infute the fucceflion had done in that way, was direftly contrary
of his Kingdom to the Earl, and give him his to the Oath which he folemnly took before God
daughter Etta to wife. Upon this, the Earl at liis Coronation ; If the Pope would infill
forthwith raifed a brave Army, confiding of upon it, they were refolved to oppofe him to
Wclfh and Englifh, and drew over the Fitz,- the utmofl, with their lives and fortunes. Such
Gna/ds, Fitzs-Stepbem, and other of the Englifh "o as are learned in the law, make the Charter
Nobility, to affift, him; and not only reftor'd of King John to be void, by the claufe of re-
Dermic his Father-in-law, but in a few years fervation in the end, Saving to us and our heirs,
made
fuch progrefs in the conqueft of Ireland, alt our Rights, Liberties, and Royalties. Eut this
King ot England began to grow jealous is out ot my road.
that the
of his power. So that he fet forth a Proclama- From King John's time, the Kings of Eng- Lords of Ire-
tion, requiring the laid Earl and his adherents, land were ftil'd Lordsof Ireland; till, within the''""'.
upon great penalties, to return out of Ireland emery of * our Fathers, Henry the eighth.;
;

r" d
.

declaring, that it they did not forthwith obey, as declared King of Ireland by the Srates
of ann io l, .

they fhcuid be banifh'd, and their goods con- that Realm ailcmbled in Parliament ; tiie title
fiicate. Hereupon, the Earl did by deed and of lord feming not fo facred and awful to
cer-
covenant make over to the King all that he tain feditious perfons, as that of King. In the
had in Ireland, whether in right of his wife or 1555, "hen Queen Mary, by her Am-
of his iwordj and had the Earldoms of U^eisford, bafladors, ofter'd her obedience in the name of
Ojjory, Carterlogb, and Kildare, with fome the Kingdom of England, to Pope Paul the
caftles, beltow'd on him by the King, to hold fourth, this name and title of Kingdom
of Ire-
Henry 2. en- of him. After this, King Henry the fecond find was confirm'd by the Pope in thefe
words
ters Ireland. ra if'c d an army, and failed over into Ireland in
7'o thefraifeand glory of Almighty God, and his
mofl
the year 1172, and obtain'd the foveraignty of 'Jorious mother tlx Virgin Mary, to the honour
of the
Ware, An%. the Ifland ; ["(upon which a Colonie was lent eehole heavenly Choir, andthe exaltation of the Carholick
Bib. p, 270. thither from England and Wales, andhadLands Faith : We, at the humble
recpefl ofKing Philip
GiraU. Cam- granted and affigiied them there.) 1 For thi and Qtteen Mary, made unto us, do, by the advice
brenf. e? MS. States of Ireland transfer'd to him their whole of our brethren, and the plenitude
of our Apo/lolical
in the hands
p 0W er and authority (namely, Rotberic Conor authority, mil Irelandinto a Kingdom, and do
for
Dii,1 > t*iat is ' t}: 8 i/rown Mmnrch °f tnhmii ever dignifie it with the title, dignity, honour,
^wiT"
'

powers,
*o Brian.
Dermot Mac Carty, King of Cork; Donald * O rights, dijlinclicns, prerogatives, precedence, Royal
King of Limerick;
JBren, Corel, King of preeminenties, and all other Privileges, which any
Uriel; Mac Shnglin, King of Ophaly ; Rorke, Chriflian Realms have, nfe, and enjoy, or may have,
\ Meath, C. King of f Brehny or Letrim, fwho married ufe, and enjoy, in time to come.
the "daughter of Mlagblin King of Meath ;~i Having met with a Catalogue of thofe En- Catalogue of
Neale, King of Uliler ; with all the reft of ghfll Noblemen, who went in the firlt invafion thofe who
the Nobility, and People) by Charters, fign'd, of Ireland, and with great valour fubdu'd it on 1 liel:
to' "'""
''
1

deliver'd, and fent to Rome; from w hence it :

the Crown of England left I fbould feem to'

;
Ireland.1

II
Diploma, was confirmed by a Bull of Pope Hadrian, and
I] envy tilem and their pofterity the glory of this
Synod. 1. C? 2. by a Ring, fent to him as a token of his Inve- atchievement, I will here give you their Names
s Ca$'> 3r,d
l (titure ; and alio bv the authoritv of certain out of the Record in the Chamery of Ireland,
Armagh, with
Provincial Synods. Afterwards, King Henry this title :

The
1321 1322

The Terfons who came with Dermic Mac Morrog into

IRELAND.
Richard Strongbo-w-, Earl of Pembroke ; who by Robert Fifz*-Bemard.
Ei)e the daughter of Morrog y a petty King of Hugh de Lacy.
Ireland, had one only daughter ; who brought William Fit^-Aldelnv,
to William Marefchall the title of Earl of Pem- William MacareS.
broke with a fair Eftate in Ireland, and had Hunfrey Bohun.
iffue five Sons, who fucceeded one another, Hugh de GundevilL
but all without iffue ; and as many Daughters, Philip de Hafting.
who enrich'd their Husbands {Hugh Bigod, Earl Hugh TireU.
of Norfolk ; Guar'm Montchenfey ; Gilbert Clare-, David Waljh.
Earl of Glocefter William Ferrars, Earl of
;
Robert Poer.
Dt-rby ; and William Breofe, ) with Children, Osbert de Harloier.

Honours, and Pofleflions. William de Bendenges.

Adam de Gernez,.
Philip de Breoi.

Robert Fhx.-Stephem. Griffin Nephew of Stephen.

Ralph Fitz,-Stephen.
Harvey de Mont Marijh.
Walter Barr.
Maurice Prendergefi.
Philip Waljh.
Robert Barr.
Meiler Meileriue.
Adam de Hereford.

Maurice Fitz,-Girald.
Redmund, nephew to Stephen. To whom, out of Giraldus Cambrenfis,
William Ferrand. may be added,
Miles de Cogan.
Richard de Cogan. John de Curcy.
Guaher de Ridensford. Hugh Contilon.
a er Redmond Canthnore.
., , >Sons of Maurice Gir aid-
Alexander 3 Redmund Fitz.-Hugh.
William None. Miles of St. Davids ; and others.

8 E THE
 i

1323 13*4-

THE
GOVERNMENT
OF THE
KINGDOM O F

IRELAND.
INCE Ireland hath been fub- Oath before the Chancellor, the fword, which
je<S to the Crown of England, is to be carried before him, is delivered into his
the Kings of this Realm have hands, and he is feated in a Throne, attended
fent their Vice-Roys to admini- by the Chancellor of the Kingdom, the Mem-
fter the publick affairs there ; bers
of the Privy-Council, the Peers and Nobles,
who at firft, in their Letters the King at Arms, a Serjeant at Arms, and
Patents or Commiflions, were other Officers of State. So that^ whether we
after that, at pleaftfce, confider his jurifdiction and authority, or his
Util'A Keepers of Ireland;
attendance, and fplendor ; there is cer-
Lords Depu-Juftkes, Lierttemnts, and Deputies of Ireland. train,

ties " Their Jurifdiction and authority is ample and

of Ire no Vice-Roy in Chriftendom that comes
tainly
land.
Royal ; they make war and peace, fwith Rebels, nearer the grandeur and majefty of a King.

or Invaders, upon fudden Emergencies

;"| hafe His Council are, the Chancellor, the Treafurer,
Earls, Bifhops, Barons,
power to fill all Places and Offices, except fome and fuch others of the
to pardon all Crimes, but that oi and Judges, as are
of the Privy-Council. For Orders or
very few ;

High-treafon ; to confer Knighthood, &c. Ireland has the fame Orders and Degrees ofDcgreesir.
Thefe Letters Patents, when any one enters Honour that England has, namely, Dukes,
'"J*"'*-

Earls, Barons, Efquires, &c.

upon this honourable office, are publickly read Marquifies,
and after the new Deputy has taken the ufual

THE
 1

I
3 2$ 1^2(5

THE
Courts or Tribunals
O F

IRELAND.
HE S upream Court in Ireland-, be read to tlxm i which he did accordingly, andobligd
is the Parliament ; which, at them to take an oath to obferve the Laws and Cufioms
the pleafure of the King of oj England, and that they would be govern''d by the
England^ is called and difiblved fame. And even the Parliamentary Laws, or
by his Deputy ; and yet in Statutes, of England, were in ufe in Ireland,
Edward the fecond's time it till King Henry the feventh's time. For in the
was enacted, That Parliaments tenth year of his reign, they were eftablifh'd
Clatcf. an.
[hould be held in Ireland every year. Here arc like- and confirmed by Authority ot Parliament inlre-
An. j
wise tour Law-Terms indie year, as in Eng- lanu. But (ince that time, they have had Par-
land ; and f four Courts of Juftice, the Chancery, liamentary Statutes of their own making.
Courts.
LLlld tne Exche^ue}- Beiides the civil Magistrates aforelaid ; * they* They have,
+ Five— th»£*S* Bem!} > Comrnon ***&
Star-Cham- [There was alfo the Court of Star-Chamber, had alfo one Military OfHcer, named the Mar~^i
ber, C. called The Court of Cajile-C/mmber, becaufe it was who f was very firviceableto the State, not /re /an
(hal, ,/,

ufually kept in the Caftle of Dublin ; but it only iu re/training the infolence of the foldiers, + j Sj c.
hath never been held fince the Court of Star- but alio in checking the rebels, who were apt Jl Are, C. ||

Chamber was fupprefled in England.! Here be troublefom now and then. TBut thera
are alfo Juftices ofAffiz-e, Nifi prius, and Oyerbeing now no War in the Kingdom, nei-
and Terminer, as in England, and Juftices oj ther is there any Marfhal.l This office in
Peace in every County and the King has his old time belong'd hereditarily to the Lords
:

Serjeant at Law, his Attorney, and Solicitor Ge- Morley ot England, as appears by the publick
neral. Records. For King John gave it to be held in 9 Q f jrj n
g
H Are, C. There were alfo other Governors to admi- fee, in thefe very words: We have given and John,
II

the remoter Provinces, (he iu granted to John Marfbal, for his homage and fer vice,
nifler juftice in
* Is, C. Conaught * was ftiled chief Commi[[toner ; and he our Marfoaljbip oj Ireland, with all appurtenances.
\ Have, c- in Munfter, Prefident :) who f had certain of the We have given him likewife, for his homage and fer-
i|Are,C. Gentry and Lawyers to afliit them, and were viie, the Cant red wherein /lands the town of Kil-
ft

all directed by the Lord Deputy. TEut fince bunny, to have and to hold to him and his heirs, of
the Country came to be well-inhabited with us and our heirs. From him it defcended, in a
Englifh, and far more civilized than heretofore, right line, to the Barons of Morley. This Mar-
thefe Prelidencies of Munfter and Conaught have fhal *had under him one | Provoft-Marjhal, and* Has, C.
been fuperfeded, viz,, by King Charles the fometimes more, according to the difficulties + Submare-
'

fecond, about the year 11571. and exigencies of affairs who exercifed their-^**"*'
; •

Laws, As for their Laws; the Common-law us'd authority by Commiffion and Inftru&ions under
there, is the fame with this of our'sin England. the Great Seal of Ireland. But thefe and other
For thus it is in the Records of the Kingdom matters of this nature, I leave to the diligence
;

King Henry the third, in the twelfth year aj his of others. Concerning the methods of Juftice
reign, fentan order to hisjufticiary in Ireland* that and Government among the Wild Irijh, I Ihall
he ftould affembk the Archbifoops, Biftjops, Barons, infert fomewhat in a more proper place, when
and Knights, and make the Charter of King John to !
Icome to treat of their Manners and Cufioms.

THE
1327

;;
lZiCi(Mit>3^'S:
'

.: l''Ii>l*':~^I^

3@ :

THE
DIVISION
O F

IRELAND. Reland, according to the

* Vide

Ant. Hib.
c 3. ?•"'
War?*

Man- vilized, and pay little obedience to the laws ;

ners and Cuftoms of the Inha whereas fome without, are as courteous and
bitants, is divided into two genteel as one would defire. ["However, the
They who f would! reject
parts: King's Writ runs now through the whole
Laws, and live after a. barba-
all Kingdom, and every part thereof is amefnable to
rous manner, are called tbe Law.l But, if we conlider themore early {fate of
Mfhry, or more commonly the the Kingdom ; it muff, from its ikuation, or ra-
wild Irifo j but the civiliz'd part, who fubmitther number of Governors, be divided into five
themfelves fwillingly! to the laws, are tcrm'd parts (tor it was anciently a Pentarcby,) namely,
the Englifb-Irifo, and their Country the Englifi Munfter ibuthward, Leinfter eaftward, Connaugbt
Pale: for the firft English that came hither, wefhvard, Ulfier northward, and Meatb almoft
mark'd out their bounds in the more eafterly "n the middle. Which, as to civil adminiftra-
and the richeft part of thelfland; Within which tion, are thus divided into Counties.
* Ann, 1607. compa/s, even *at this day, fome remain unci-'

Kerry.
t Defmond. + Now, nore
Cork. fuch ; part is

In Munfter, are the Counties of<^ Waterford. in Kerry and

part in Cork.
Limerick.
Tiperary, |) witli the County of the Holy
||
Swallow'd
Crofs. up in Tipc-
rary.

Kilkenny.
Caterlotigh.
Qiieens County.
In Leinfter, are the Counties of<^ King's County.
Kildare.
Wufbford.
Dublin.

Eaft-Mcatb.
* Meatb is
In * Meatb, are the Counties of < Weft- Meatb.
row fwal- Longford.
lowed up
in Leinfter •

f Twontund. * Or Clare,
GaUo-way. formerly part
of Munfter;
In Connaugbt, are the Counties -5 Maio.
Slego.
but lately ad-
ded to the
Letrinu Conaught-
Rofcommm Circuit.

In
1329 The Divifion of IRELAND. '33°

f Louth.
Cavorz.
Farmanagh.

In JJlfler, are the Counties of-> Armagh.

Dorm.
Antrim.
Cohan.
Tir-0'en.
Tir-Conell, or

eC fia lkal The

i Ecclefiaftical Government of Ireland The
Bifhopricks which were under thefe,
f Yd irtion.
Jun Ancient Ec-
k ^ een j:rom ant i ent time by Bifhops, con tormerly tor fome have
j iat
( been abolnVd to feeddefaiikal DI-
fecrated either by the Archbifhop of Canterbury the greedy humour
of ill rimes, and others have vilJon *
or by one another. But in the year 115 2 (as teen mix'd and united, and others again
tran-
we hnd it in Philip of Flattesbury) Ctmftianu. ilated) I defire to fubjoin in their ancient
State,
Bifhop of Li/more, Legat of all Ireland, held a fa- out ot an old Roman
Provincial copied from
* Mell. mom Council at * Aleath, where -were prefent the che Original ; Padding only the
changes that
+ Majores Bifhops, Abbots, Kings, Dukes, and f Magifirates oj nave been fince made, to lead us, in fome
naiu.
mea-
Ireland; and there, by authority of the Pope, with fure, to the
prefent Ecclefiafiical State or Divi-
advice oj the Cardinals, and confent of the Bifhops, fion in Ireland.!
Abbots, and others there met together, four Arch-
bifhopnicks were eftabllfh'd in Ireland, Armagh, Dub-
lin, Caffil, and Tuam.

Meath, or f Cluanard.
Down, otherwife Dundalethglafs. f EInami-
rani} C,
Clogh, otherwife Lugimdun, [now Clogher.1
Conner funked to Down.l
Under the Archbifhop of Armagh, Primate
Ardachad Tor Ardagh.']
of all Ireland, are the Bifhops of <J
Rathbot Tor Rapho.\
Rathluc, ("incorporated with Derry.~\
Daln-liguir.
Dearrih,(now Deny or London-derry.~\

Glendelac, funked to Dublin.']

Under Fern, funked to Leigblin.~\
the Archbifhop of Dublin, are the Bi-
OJfory, otherwife de Canic, Tand Kilkenny.}
fhops of
Lechlin, for Leighlin?\
Kildare, otherwife Dare.

Laonie, or de Kendalnan, [now KiHaloed

Limrick.
IJleof Gathay.
CeUumabrath, [Kilfenora, united to KiValoe or
7
Tuam. ]

Under the Archbifhop of Melice, or de Emileth, [Emly, annex'd to CaJbelA

Caffil, are the Bi-
fhops of Rojfe, otherwife Rofcree.
Waterford, otherwife de Baltifordian.
Lifmore, funked to Waterford?[
Clon, otherwife de Cluanan ["now Cloyne.~]
Corcage for Cork?\
De Rofalither funked to Cork.~\
Ardefert [united to Limerick^.

Duac, otherwife KWmacduoc, [Kilmacough,

united to ClonferO
De Mageo.
Enachdun.
De CeUaiaro.
Under the Archbifhop of Tuam, are the Bt , De Rofcomon.
fliops of 1. Clonfert.
* Achad funited to Killatla.~\ i, e . Aebonry.
Lade, otherwife Killaleth, [now KiHaSa.')
De Conany.
De Killmunduach.
Elphin.

8 F TBefides
 J

1331 The Divifion (/IRELAND. [

33 2
fBefides thefe Alterations already mention'd ; in that ancient Catalogue, thofe of Dromore
the Bifhopricks of Dalntiquir, Ifle of Gatbay, and Kittmore are wholly omitted.
-i Rofcree, Mage, Enacbdun, de Celaiar, Rofcomon, The prefent Eccleiiaflical Divifion of the f^Jf,**
clefiaiHcal Di;
and Conwy, are united to forae of the reft ; fo Church of Ireland, Hands as follows ; villon.
that, at this day, there are no fuch in being but ;

Meath
Kilmore and Ardagb.
Dromore.
Under the Archbifliop of Armagh-, are the Bi-j"
Clogber.
fliops of
Raphoe.
Down and Connor.
Deny.

Kildare.
Under the Archbifliop of Dublin, are the Bi- \
"5 Ferns and Lauglin-
fhops of
OJfory.

r- IVaterford and Li/mor?

\ Limerkk.
Under the
"
Archbifliop oi CafjV, are the Bi- Kilia/oe.
to°P s ut Corke and Rojfe.
J
C Cloyne.

Elphin.
Under the Archbifliop of Tuajftt are the Bi- \
Clonfert.
fhops of
Kitlalla and Achomy."\

MO MO-
 ;

333 334

MOMONIA, crMOUNSTER.
O M O N I A, in Irifh Mown, * in compounds Wown, and in Englifi Moun- *
/„ nmlmj,
fter, lies to the fouth, and is expos d to the Vergivian-yw ; being Separated
from contexts.
Connaught for fime fpace by the river Siney or Shanon, and from Lcinfter by
the river t Neor. Formerly, it was divided into many parts, as Towoun, + Shure.
North Mounfler; Defwoun, Smith Meimjler ; Hcirwoun, tVefl Mounfler;
Mean-woun, Middle Mounfler ; and Urwoun, the forepart of Mounfler ; but at
this day it is divided into two, Weft Mounfler and South Mounfler. Weft
Mounfler was in old time the country of the Luceni, the Velabri, and the Ute-
l'ini ; South Mounfler was that of the Oudiie or Vodiar and the Coriondi

"" d'!{ '"Z"'fi' d """ fi'ue Counties, viz. Kerry, Cork, Limerick, Tiperary, and
"ULr
terford.
II
Wa^gera, C. bv
adding Def-
In the mofl weflerly part of Ireland, and where it views the Cantabf ian
Ocean, fronting, t great tnoni, and Ho-
i

diflame to the fouth-weft, Gallicia in Spain; there formerly dwelt the Velabri and the Luceni, as 6ro- l-> c"fs-
i'mstellsus: The Luceni (who feem to derive their name and original from the Luccnfii of Gallicia on
the oppofite coafl of Spain, name fome remains are to this day in the Barony of Lyxmv,;) were
of whofe
feated, as I fuppofe, in the County of Kerry, and in Conoglogh hard by, upon the River Shamn.

The County of KERRY.

HE County of Kerry, near the Hiftories and Records, the Bifhops of this
mouth of the Shannon, (hoots
place are fometimes called Bifhops of Kerry,
forth like a little tongue
into (which is here obferved, to prevent
miftakesO
the fea
the waves roaring on and now the Bilhoprick it felf
;
is united to
both
of it. This County that of LimerickA Almoft at the end of this
(ides
ftands high, and has many Promontory, there lies on
one fide Dimk, aDinilc
wild and woody hills ; be- commodious Harbour fas alfo
a walled Town,
tween which lie many vallies, whereof fome and a Corporation 1 and on
; the other fide
* Is, C. produce corn, others wood. This * was once Smerwkk, contrafled from St. Mary-wic, a road
Smerwick.
reckon'd a County Palatine, and the Earls of for Ships ; where Girald
Earl of Defmund, a
Defmond had therein the dignity and preroga- perfon noted for treachery to
his Prince and
tives of Counts Palatine, by the gifc of Ed- Country, wafting
and fpoiling Mounfler, receiv'd
ward the third, who granted them all royalties, fome * confus'd Troops of
'

except four pleats, Ftre, Rape, Foreflall,

Italians and Spa- *
and niards, fent to his affiftance by Pope Gregory ril
mll)m L
f Dc emeu. Treafure-trouve, with the profits arifmg f out of the thirteenth and the King of Spain ; who \
compofitions for Man/laughter, which were referred fortifying
themfelves here, and calling it Fort
to the Kings of England. But this Ptivilegi del Ore, threaten'd the Country with rm'n
through rhe wickednefs of fuch, who out of But this danger
was at an end by the coming
ignorance and perverfenefs abus'd it, became and firft attack of
the Vicc-roy, the moft fa-
long fince the fink of Mifchief, and the refuge mous and
warlike Baron, the Lord Arthur Grey. ArthurUtti
of Sedition, fand is now extinct. 1 In the very For they immediately
furrender'd, and were G «y-
entrance into this County, there is a terri-
moft of them put to the Sword ; which was
Clan-Moris. tory called Clan-moris, from one Moris, of the thought, in policy, the wifeft
and fafeft courfe,
family of Raimund la Groffe, whofe heirs were
confidcring the then prevent pofture of Affairs,
call'd Barons of Lixnaw ; fand at this day, the
md that the Rebels were ready to break out
Family of Fit%.-Morris are Barons, under the in all quarters.
In conclufion, the Earl of Def-
joint titles of Kerry and Lixnaw.~\ * Near it, runs
* Crofs the
mund was himfelf forc'd to fly into the Woods
middle of it, a little river, now namelefs ; though perhaps,
thereabouts, and foon after was fet upon in a
C. by its fituation, the fame which Ptolemy calls poor Cottage
Dur, riv, by one or two Soldiers, who
the Dur. It pafl'es byTrailey, pfnow a thriving
wounded him ; and being afterwards disco-
Trailey.
+A finall Place,- being the Shire-Town, and a Corpora-
vered, he was beheaded for his dilloyalty, and
Town, now tion where was once a Houfe of the Earls of
;
for the vail mifchief that he
I

ajmoftdefo. had done to this ,o

Defmund. Hard by, lies Ardart, the See of a Country. l
W'-
Bhn'opri'ck ofP° 0r Etftop, called of Ard.feri. fin the Irifh
Ardart.
rin
 .

335 MUNSTER. i
33
c

alfo is a thriving Village called

Tin Kerry Perhaps fome would impute it to want of A ridiculous
in me, iliould I barely mention an O- P ^ " ??
erfIj 10
Killarny. and near it the famous Cattle of gravity
Killamy ;
°- }
t> , ci
d r r the wild Infli. ,-

and a confiderable Lead-Mine. From pinion, or rather a Belief and reriuaiion, ot

i

Rojfe ;

a place in this Shire, the Palmers, have taken the

* wild Irifh, That he, who in the great * So raid,
Cafilemaine. their title of Earl of Caftlemaine, which being clamour and outcry (which the Soldiers uluallyann, 1607.

extinct, as to that Family, the place hath lince make before an Engagement) does not huzx-a
See Ejfex. given the title of Vifcount to Sir Richard Child, as the reft do, is fuddenly fnatch'd from the
Baronet, ot the Kingdom ot Great Britain. In like ground, and carried through the air into thefe
Eeerhaven. maimer, Bterhtiven hath given the title of Vilcount defolate Vallies, in what part of Ireland
to the Family of Berkley ; and now affords the foever he be that there he eats grafs, laps
;

fame Tide to the Family of Chetwynd. Alfo, water, has no fenfe of happinefs or mifery,
the Families of Petty, and Herbert, have deri- has fome remains of reafon but none of
ved their refpeftive titles from hence the firft fpeech, and that at long-run he is caught by
;

(who was before Baron Shelbwn) advanced late- the dogs in hunting, and brought back to his
ly to the honour of Vifcount Dtmkieron, and own home.
alfo of Earl of Shelbum and the fecond, who
;

CaAle-lfland. are Barons under the ftyle of Caftle-Ifland?\

* Now
nex'd, part
an- * DESMON IA or DESMOND.
of it to Ker-
ry , and part
to Cork. Eneath the Country of the old family, and men very eminent in thefe parts ;
Luceni, lies Defmond, ftretch'd fbut now the names are of no great
note. A
De fmond
out a long way to the South. ridge of Hills running through this Promon-
It is cali'd in Irifh. Defwown, tory, makes the boundary
between the Counties
and in Engiifh Defmond and of Cork and Kerry. That part on the north-
;

was formerly peopled by the fide, is the Barony of Glanerough in the County
Velabri, and the Iberni, who of Kerry ; that on the South, is the half Ba-

in fome Copies are cali'd Uterini. The Velabri rony of Bear in the County of Cork to which
;

feem to derive their name from Aber, i. e, JEr the half Barony
of Bantry joins,!
fluaries for they dwelt among Friths, on par-
;
The third Promontory, named Eraugh Tor
of Land divided from one another by Iveragh, (at this day part of the Barony of JVefi-lversgh.
cels
in the County of Cork,)\ lies between
great incurfions of the Sea ; from which the Carbry
Artabri &od Cantabri in Spain did alfo take their Bantre
and Balatimore or Baltimore, a Bay fa-
plenty of Herrings, and yearly vifi-
names. Among thefe Arms of the Sea, are mous for
above ted by a Fleet of Spaniards and Portuguefe, in
three fevcral Promontories (befides Kerry
of winter, to fifh for Codd. In
mentioned,) (hooting out with their crooked the. very middle
fhores to the "South-weft, which the Inhabi- this, the O Mahons had great pofleffions ht-OMahom.
called Hierwoun, IVeft-mwn- ftow'd upon them by M. Carew. This is that
tants formerly i. e.

lies between Promontory which Ptolemy calls Notium,

which or the X!ic Promon-
The firft of them,
fier.
Dingle-bay and the river Mair rother wife Kil-
South-Promontory, and is at this day cali'd Aiij-tory Notium.
Tor ra- fen-head. Under this Promontory (as we may
maire or Kinmaire,'\ is called Clan-car
the river Iemm falls intoiernuSj nv.
ther Glaucar, from the river Carah and the "ee in that Author)
Glin through which it runs, and is
divided in- the Sea. As for the prefent name of that ri-
ver, I dare hardly pretend to guefs at it ; un-
~\
Dunkerran,
to the Baronies of I-veragh and
be that which is now cali'd Maire for
and has a Caftle at D'tnkeran, built by the Ca- lefs it
of England but is now the pofleffion of Kilmahef\ and runs under Drmkeran aforefaid.
rews ;

Hayes, an Engiifh Family.] In this Caftle I am as much at a lofs for the People which
thefe Promontories ; feeing
Mac-Cartj, dwelt Donald f Sullevan More, a petty King ot Ptolemy places upon
•f-
Irifh defcent, who in the year 1566.
furren- their name differs in feveral Copies, Iberni, Ou-
C.
Iverni ; unlefs perhaps they are a
1555. der'd his Territory to Queen Elizabeth, and terini, Iberi,
it reftor'd to him, to hold of her after the Colony
of the Iberi in Spain, as well as their
had
Baron of Va- En"lifli manner, by fealty and homage. At neighbours the Luceni and Concani.
lence. the fame time, he was created Baron of Valen Defmonia was formerly of great extent, even
Earl of Gkn- the river Shanon ; and it was
tia (an Ifland adjoyning) and Earl of Clan-car from the Sea to
cali'd South- Monnftcr. The Fitz,-Giralds,
being a perfon of great power and eminence
in
tc of the family of Kildare, having conquer'd the
thefe parrs, and formerly a bitter enemy
Irifh, became Lords of very great poifemons in
the Fitz.-Giralds, who difpoflefs'd his Anceflor;
(Kings, as he pretended, of Defmond) of this chefe parts.
Of thefe, Maurice Fitzr-Thomm (to
He enjoy'd whom 'Thomas Carew, heir to the Seigniory of
their ancient feat and inheritance.
had made over his title ) was in the
not the honour very long, having but one Defmond,
of Edward the third created the
daughter legitimate, whom he marry 'd to Flo- third year
rence Mac Carty, and liv'd to
be very old. [Vo- firft Earl of Defmond. Of the pofterity of this Earl of Dtf-
1 "'""''

lenti a, the Ifland before-maition'd,

doth at this Earl, many have been very rich and valiant,
day give the title of Vifcount to the Family of and
Men of great Renown. But this glory
Anne/ley. ~\
was fully'd by James ; who excluding his ne-
The fecond Promontory, lying between two phew, forcibly ieiz'd the Eftate, and impos'd
Bays, *»«*.. the Maire and the Bantre, is called upon the People thofe grievous tributes of Coyne,
Beare the Soil of which is a hungry gravel
;
Livery, Cocherings, Bonaughty, ike, for the main-
* liv'd tenance of his flout but raven us Soldiers. His
Beare. mix'd with ftonef, where S-uiliivant
SwillivMHt.
Beare and Swilivant Bantre, both of the fame Son Thomas, as he was exacting the fame of
* Lives, C. the
 |

1337 CORK. 133S

the poor People, was apprehended by an Order Sheriff' to govern it from year to year ; and it \

from John Lord Deputy, and beheaded is alfo an Earldom at this day, in the perfon
Tiptoft
in the year 1467. for his own and his father's of the Earl of Denbigh in England.]
wickednefs. However, his Children were re- The moil noted and conliderable Families
ftor'd, and this honour was fucceflively enjoy *d here, for Intereit and Wealth, are thofe defen-
by his Pofteriry, till Girald's time, the rebel ded from the Fitz.-Giralds i who are known by
before-mention'd ; who being banilh'd by Act feveral names, that have been aflum'd by them,
of Parliament, Defmond' was annex' d to the upon feveral accounts,
Crown, and redue'd into a County, with a

VQVIAL or CORIONVI.
ETOND the Ibcri, dwelt the OvStu {n a large Trail: ; who are call
3
d alfo Vodia^The VodU.
and UdijE a refemblance oj •which name remains very clear in the 'Territories of Idou
:

and Idouth ; cu there doth oj the Corlondi in the County oj Cork, which borders uP -r\, r
e or i Bn i}
m
them. Thefe People inhabited the Counties of Cork, Tipperary, Limerick, and Wa-
ter tor d.

Comitatw Corcagienfis ; commonly, The County

of CORK.
llHE County
of Cork (which bels, who had lent for them under pretence
was formerly a Kingdom, and of eftablifliing their Religion (the mask and
contain'd all that Country up- difguife tor all Viilames, in this degenerate age,
on the fhore between Lifmore wherein it warm Difputesl)
occafions fuch
and St. Brend, [* or Brandon- In oppofition Charles Blunt Baron
to thefe,
hills in Kerry; J] vhere it fa- Montjoy Lord Deputy, though his Army was
ces Defmond to the weft, has harraffed, and it was now winter, belieged the

Muskeray. in the midfl of it Muskeray, a wild and woody Town by Sea and Land ; and at the fame time
C. Country, where Cormnc Mac Teg f was very fa- took the Field againit, the Rebels, who were
f Is,
Carbray. mous; and, towards the Sea, Carbray, where the headed by the Earl of Tir-Oen, O DoneU, Mac
Mac-Carties were moft conliderable. The firfl Gwyre, and Mac Mahound : and by his Valour
Rofe. place that we come to upon the Coaft, is Rofs and Conduct he fo eftcitually fupprefs'd them,
fa Bifhop's St e, now" united to Cork.'] It is ; that, by the felt-fame Victory, he both reco-
road for Ships, and was formerly much fre- vered the Town ( which was furrender'd to
quented ; but, now, by reafon of a ridge of him with the Spaniards in it,) and difarm'd
Sand, is difus'd. From hence there fhoots the whole Kingdom ot Ireland, when they had
out a narrow neck of Land into a Peninfula. refolv'd to rebel, or rather were actually re-
called, The old head of Kinfale ; near which, the volting. Over-againit Kinfale, on the other
Curcies heretofore nourifh'd in great ftatc, def- fide ot the river, lies Kerry-wherry r (called atKerry-wlier-
cended from a brother of John Curcy, an Eng- this day Kyrycurry,J] a fmall territory * lately r Y-
liihman, who fubdu'd Uljler. Of which Fa- belonging to the Earls of Defmond. Jult before ^f ,^/
Curcy Baron mily, there ftill remains Curcy Baron oi\Kinfale; it, runs the River which Ptolemy calls f Dau- vcn m 'srs f2' .

of Kinfale. but (iuch is the uncertainty of human Aitairs) rona, and Giraldus Cambrenfis, by the change near Toghal.
^Ringrom, C,
not conliderable in point of Fortune. TThe an- of one letter, Sauramts, and Saver anus ; which, W*n, p. 25.
for Rmgroan:. Dauron* ri,f'
Seat here is now turned into a Light- ("(being at prefent called Lee, atjdjl fpringing
cient
Houfe.l trom the Mountains of Muskery, panes by the
Next, in a fertile Soil, upon the mouth of the principal City of the County, adorn'd with an
Bany, C. river \\Eandon, and well wooded, Hands Kinfale, Epifcopal See, to which the Bifhoprick
II of Clon
Kinfale.
a very commodious Harbour, and a Town \ was formerly annex'd. Giraldus calls thisx^ c.
fortify'd with old Walls; under which, in the Corcagia ; the Englifh, Cork; and the natives Cork.
year itfoi. the Kingdom of Ireland was at ||
Corkig. It is of an oval form, enclos'd H Corcacb, C,
rtake, and put to a whether it fhould
fair trial with Walls, and encompaiVd with the Chanel
belong to Spain or England. For at that time, of the River, which alfo erodes it, and is not
the Illand was embroil'd by Enemies, foreign acceflible but by Bridges ; lying along in one
and domeftick and Don John D' Aquila, with
; direct Street, that is continu'dby a bridge. It
an Army of eight thoufand Veterans, had fur- is a populous * trading Town, and much re-» Little tra-
priz'd this place relying upon the Cenfures
; forted to but fo beiet witii f Rebels on
; all ding Town,
which the Popes, Pius 5, Gregory 13, and Cle- fides, that they are oblig'd to keep conftantp*
The Spa
ni.irds driven
ment 8, had thunder'd out againft Queen Eli— watch, as if the Town was continually be-^^^ 7*

bat oi' Ireland. zabeth, and upon the afliftance of thofe Re- (ieged, and dare not marry out their Daughters
S G into
 1339 MUNSTER. 340
into the Country, but marry among them the upper,which is the greater part, is ftretch'd
felves i whereby all the Citizens are related in Northward, having a Church in it, and a little
fome degree or other. TAt this day, it is moll- Abbey without the Wall, called North Abbey ;
ly inhabited with Englifh, who by their in- the lower part to the South, is called the
M
Bafi-^V
duftry have fo improved their Eftates, Trade, mat, and has alfo an Abbey, called South-Ablxy.BiLtomi.
and City, that it tar exceeds any City in Ire- The convenience of the harbour, which hath aSouth-Abbey.
land, Dublin only excepted. In the Cemetery good Kay, as alfo the fruitfulnefs of the Coun-
here, is a Steeple, which fome think to have try hereabouts, draws fo many
Merchants hi-
been a work of the Danes, and to have been Town is pretty populous, and
ther, that the
ufed by them at firfl for a Watch-To we r.l Mayor for its chief Magiftrate.
has a
They report, that Brioc, a very Religious Per- FEefides the forementioned places, there
are
fon (who in that fruitful age of Saints was fo feveral good Towns, in the County of
Cork, as,
famous among the Gauls, and from whom the Charliville, Mallow, Caftlelyom, Macroome, Bantry,
Diocefe of Sanbriocb in Armorica, commonly and Cloghnikilty ; but efpecially .RWwz.Bandon.
Skibereen,
St, B"eu. ca il e d. St. Briett, takes its name,) was born in in which are fuppofed to be no lefs than three
this Town. thouland Inhabitants ; all Protefltms Britifh or
Beneath Cork, the Chanel of the River is di- Irifh. The Town waswalled by the indu-
vided into two branches, which make a large ftry and at the expence of the firif Earl
of
and very pleafant Iiland [(called the Great Cork, and adorn'd with three very fine Ca-
IJlandJ] over-againft the chief Seat of the Bar files forGate-houfes ; which, together with
vies, an antient and eminent family and there ; the Walls, were demolifhed by the French and
Barry- Court, upon it is called Barry-Court. For they are Iriih, in the year ificjo, in revenge for
their
Barons Jfcvry. defcended from Robert de Barry, an Englilh- never fuffcring any Popifh Houfe-keeper to
live
man of great worth, one who -was ambitious ra- among them.")
ther to be really great, than to feem fo ; the firjl, At prefent, the
County of Cork is only of
G. Cambr.
tjmt was mounded in the Conquejl oj Ireland, and that this extent ; which
(as I obferved) was here-
f 2V*/kw man- mer | matttid a Hawk His Pofle- tofore .counted a Kingdom, and was of greater-Kingdom of
in that Ifland.
fuejecit.
r^ a i^ or tne r great Loyalty and Valour, extent, containing + Defmond alfo within its 17""*-
j.-
i

have been honour'd by the Kings of England, bounds. King Henry the fecond gave rhis + J' nowco "!
firfb with the title of Baron Barry, and after- Kingdom to Robert Fttz.-Stephens and Miles P "'
Art.'"'
Viftount Bu wa rds with that of Vifcount Butiphant, fand are Cogan, in thefe
words Know ye, that I have
:

3arrimore $ antl » from thcir vaft E granted the whole Kingdom of Cork, except the
^
Earl ot' Bat n0W
EnrlS '

City,
rimm. ftate, arc call'd by the People, Barry More, or and Cantred of Ouftmans, to hold to them and
Barry the Great. A little below this, the river their heirs, of me and my Jon John, by the fervhe
Saveren, m. Saveren (near Imokelly , formerly a large Eftate of of [my Knights. From the heir of this Fitz-
the Earls of Defmond, ) falls from a creeky Stephen, George Carew, * Baron Carew of Clop-* Now, C.
mouth into the Sea. ton, did delcend in a
right line ; who t wast Not long
As the Saveren waters the lower part of Prefident ot Mounfler, and, as I gratefully ac- i;nc «> C.
Brood water, this County, lo Broadwater f (now commonly knowledge, did readily
give me light into
calf d Black-water,) 1 and formerly A-ven-mare. fome of the Affairs of Ireland.
that is, a great -water, fupplies the upper part. Tin the reign of King James the firft, GrfEarldora of
Ware, Ant. This by fome IS fuppofedto be the river Daurona, was erefii-d into an
f Earldom, in the Perfon of C8rt-
J(.
p.
mentioned by Ptolemy.! Upon it \\ was thi Richard Boyle, which honourable Family doth
II Is, C.
Baron Rock. feat of the noble tamily de Rape, or Roch > trail- (fill enjoy it ; and in the fame County the
fplanted out of England to this place ; where Earldom of Orrery is enjoy'd by another branchOrrery.
* Flouiiihes,
it exceedingly * flourifh'd, and jtnjoy'd the title of the fame Noble Family ; and a third hath
C. of Vifcount Fermoy. In Edward the fecond's the honour of Vifcount Shawn. Belides which, Sharon
Enjoys, C.
-f
time, they were certainly Barons of Parlia Donerayle affords the title of Earl to the familySee Zongfad.
Vifcount ftr-
ment for ' ff e orge Roche was fined two hundred ot Saint-leger ; and Mtddleton the fame title to Donera y'c.
.

Pat. Marks, for not being prefent at the Parliament the Right Honourable Alan
MLJdlet °"'
Par'. 9. Broderick, Lord
an. 8 EJ. 3. of Dublin, according to the Summons. [Th< Ohancellour of Ireland ; as doth Baltimore the -
El h m<)re i

chief Seat of this Family was at Caflle-town- title of Baron to the Family of Calvert ; Duiia-
Dawmar c'
Rode in Roche's Country, on the river Owbeg.~] more, to the Family of Hawley ; Kingflon, to
the* •„„»„„
Where the river Broadwater (for fome time Family of King; Ahlmm, to a branch of theAkW
the boundary between this County and Wa- Family of Aunefley ; Carbery, to the Family ofc.irbery.
terford) runs into the Sea and makes a harbour ; Evans ; and Burton the fame title to the Fami- Burton.
l\ 3U cls Toghall, not very large, but walled round
Yogliall. ly of Percival.l
of an oblong form, and divided into two parts

The
 34i W
The County of W A TERFORD.
^O the Eaft, between the river of it belongs to Sir "JobnOsburn, Baronet, whofe
Broadwater on the Weft, and Aneeftors lor feveral Generations have been of:
the Suire on the Eaft, the good note in this County."! Near Dungarvan y
Ocean on the South, and the the Poers, an antient and noble family, i\ou-Paers, Barons
County of Tipperary on the rifhed from the fir.ft conqueft of this country by of Curragb-_
North lies the County of theEngliih; and were advane'd to the honour
;
mm '

Waterjord: a County ["for the of Barons Curraghmore, fand after that to the
mofl part mountainous and barren but in title of Earls of "Tyrone the fole daughter and
; ;

fbme places! very agreeable, both in refpe<5fc ot heir of the laft of whom married Sir * Marcus* NowVi»
plcafure and fertility. Upon Broodwater, at Beresjbrd, Baronet; but the title of Baron oKeounc Ty r om\
its leaving the County of Cork, ftands Lijmor, Curraghmore, the ancient Seat of the Family, de-
J rone*
[i. e. a great Fort, the chief Seat of the Earl ot feended to the Family ot Poer.~\

Cork and Burlington, and adorn'd with a noble Upon the bank of the river Suire, ftands
Park. It hath an Almfhoufe and a Free-School, Waterjord, the chief City of the County ; Of WaterfonJ.
and is a Borough, feuding two members toPar- which, thus Necbam .-

liament. It is alfo] remarkable for being a Bi-

Bifliop ttiop's See where prefided Chriftian the Bifhop
;

Cbrifiiar. and Legat of Ireland, about the year 1148, a Suirim infignem gatidet ditare Waterford,
pcrfon highly deferving of the Church of Ire- JEquoreis undis ajfociatur ibi.
land, and educated at Clarevall, in the fame
Cloiiler with St. Bernard and Pope Eugenius. Thee, IVaterjord, Sitir's ftreams with wealth
THere is a handfom Cathedral ; but! by reafon fupply,
the pofleflions belonging to it were almoft all Halting to pay their tribute to the fea.
alienated, it is annex'd to the See of Waterford :

Ware, Ant. fwhich union was made by Pope Innocent the

p. 142. fixth, in the year 1363. This place was alfo This City, which the Irifh and Britains call
famous heretofore for a Publick School or Aca- f Portlarig, and the Engliffi Watsrfordi was firftt
P°£ hlar :
demy, which was govern'd for a time by St. Ca- built by certain Pirates of Norway ; fwho ha- Sy
'

taldy afterwards Bifhop of Tarentum in Italy, ving embraced Chrifthnity, and defiring a
whither men flock'd in great numbers for the ad- Bifhop in their City, fent Malchm a. Eenedi&ine
vantages ot a Religious and Liberal Education. Monk of Winchefter in England, to receive his
Near this, is TaBovj, a ftourifhlng Town, Confecration from Anfelm Archbifhop of Can-
erected by the noble Earl of Cork, and lituatc terbury, in the year 1095.I Though it is fi-
in a beautiful and fertile Vale, near the river tuated in a thick air, and on a barren foil, and
Bride, which, being navigable from hence to is clofe built; yet by reafon of the convenience
Youghall, renders this a place of good Trade; of the harbour, it is the
|| fecond City in^^^
and it was alfo made a Corporation by King Ireland tor wealth and populoufnefs, and did Cork,
James the firfl."] Near the mouth ot Brood- ever continue particularly loyal to the Crown of
water, lies Ardmor, a fmall village of which, ; England. For from the time that it was firft
and this river, Necbam has this Diftich : taken by Richard Earl of Pembroke, it was fo
faithful and quiet, that in our Conqueft of Ire-
land it always fecur'd lis from an Enemy on our
Vrbem Lijfimor pertranfit fiumen A-venmor, backs. Upon this account, the Kings of Eng-
Ardmor cernit nbi concittts aqitor adit. land have granted it many, and thofe confider-
able,privileges; which were enlarged and con-
Avenmor guides his ftream through Lijmor firmed by Henry the feventh, ror their having
town ; behavM themfelves with great valour and con-
Small Ardmor to the ocean fees him run. dud againft Perkin Warbeck, a fham-Prince ;

who being a young boy of mean extraction, had

the impudence to aim at the Imperial Crown,
TThis Ardmor was alfo a Bifliop 's See in the by pretending' to be Richard Duke of York,
infancy of the Irifh Church, but was united to fecond foil of King Edward the fourth. TWith
the See of Lifmore after the coming-in of the regard to thefc teftimonies of their bravery, the
Englifh.l Motto of this City was, IntaUa manet Water-
* Uttle, C. The* large adjoyning territory is called \ De- fordia ; but in the courfe of the Irifh Rebellion,

4 Dejfee, C. cies, Tand is the biggeft Barony in this County, begun Ann. 1641, by means of the Popifh Cler-
containing near half of it ; 1 the Lord whereof,
j| In
defcended from the Earls of Defmond, had, H in
our
time, C.the laft age, the honourable title of Vifcount
Dates conferred upon him ; which died with
him foon after, for want of iflue-male. Not
Dungarvan, far from hence, upon the fea, ftands Dungarvan,
a town well fortified with a Caftle, and advan-
tageoufly fituated for a harbour. King Henry
the fixth gave this, with the Barony of Dun-
c
garvan, to jolm Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
but afterwards, by reafon it flood convenient to
command that part of Mounfter which was to
gy, it became exceedingly faulty. Now, that
the Englifh Inhabitants daily encreafe, we are
not to doubt, but that it will recover its an-
cient Charafter. From this place, Richard
Lumky, Earl of Scarborough in England, enjoys
the honourable Title of Vifcount Waterford.'l
King Henry the fixth gave the County of
Waterjar d, together with the City, to the fore-£ ar i f j^,
mentioned "John "Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, hiierfird.
words which fo clearly fet forth the bravery
of that warlike perfon, that I cannot but think
it worth the while (and perhaps fome others

be redue'd, the Parliament annexed it to the may think fo too) to tranferibe them from the
Crown of England for ever. [The greateft part Record ; to the end, that juftice may be done to
brave
i3+3 MUNSTER. 1344
brave A&ions ; We
therefore ( fays the King, city of Waterjord aforefaid; To have and to hold the
after a great deal more, wherein one fees the [aid County oj Waterford, and the ftile, title, name
defects both of the Latin and Eloquence of the and honour oj Earl oj Waterford ; and likewije the
Secretaries of that age) in confederation of the fi- •ty of Waterford ajorejaid, with the cafile, feigni-
delity and valour of our mofi dear and faithjul ory, honour, land, and barony of Dungarvan, and
John Earl of Shrewsbury and Weysford,
Coufen all other lordfejips, honours, lands, and baronies, with-

Lord Talbot of Furnival and Leftrange, fuffi- in the faid County ; and alfo all the ajorejaid man-
ciently prov'd in the wars aforefaid, even to his old nors, hundreds, &c. to the abovefaid Earl, and to

age, not only by the fweat many

of his body, but the heirs-male of his body begotten, to be held oj lis

times by the lofs of his blood ; and confidering how our and the jeruice of
our heirs, by homage, jealty,

County and City of Waterford, in our Kingdom of I our Senefchal ; and that he and his heirs be _ ., . „

Ireland, with the Caftle, Seigniory, Honour, Lands, Senefchals oj Ireland to and our heirs, through- i re i an d', m
and Barony of Dungarvan, and all the Lordjhips, out our whole land oj Ireland, to do, and that he
Lands, Honours, and Baronies, and faid Office, that which his predecejfors,
their appurte- do in the

nances within the jame County, which, oj England, were wont jormerly tu do
by forfeiture oj Senefchals
rebels, by reverfeon, or deceafe oj any perjon or pcfons, for us in the faid Office. In witnejs whereof, &c.
by efcheat, or any other title of law, have come to Us
or our Progenitors, are, by reafon oj invafions or While the Kings of England and their No-
infurrecltons in theje parts, become jo defolate, and bility, who had large poiieffions in Ireland,
(as they lye expojed to the fpoils oj war) fo en- were either taken up with foreign wars in
tirely wafted, that they are of no profit to m, but France, or civil diifenlions at home, Ireland
have redounded, and now do, many times, redound, was quite neglected ; fo that the Englifh inte-
to our lofs : and alfo, that the faid lands may here- reft decay'd apace *j and by reaion of their ab-*Vid. Stat, of

after be better defended by our faid Coufen, agninft fence, the power of the Irifll grew formidable. Abfentees\ in
the attempts and incurfeons of enemies or rebels ; We And then, to recover their intereiu, and to fup-^cf ^j° a^ ty
do him Earl oj Waterford, with the ftile,
create - prefs this growing Power of the Iriih, it was
title, name, and honour thereunto belonging. And enacted, that the Earl of Shrewsbury fliculd fur-
that all things may correjpond with this jlate and render the Town and County of Waterford, and
dignity, iue hereby, of our fpecial grace, certain know- that the Duke of Norfolk, the Baron Barkley,
ledge, and mere motion, that the Grandeur oj the the Heirs Female of the Earl of Ormcnd, and all
the Abbots, Priors, &c. of England, who held
Earl our Coufen may be more honourably fupported, ^m 2 g H- %,
have given, granted, and by thefe prejents confirm d any lands there, ihould fur render them to the
unto the jaid Earl the County aforefaid, together with King and his fucceflbrs, for their abfence and
the ajorejaid tide, ftile, name, and honour of Earl negligence in defending them.
of Waterford, and the city of Waterford ajorejaid, ?At prefent the honourable family of T'albot,

with the fee-farms, aiftles, lordftjips, honours, lands, and as abovefaid, enjoys the joint Titles of Earl of
baronies, and their appurtenances, within the County; Waterford and Wexford ; and the honourable
ad alfo all mannors, hundreds, wapentakes, &c. family of Viilers, the title of Vifcount Grauui-
along the fca-coaft, jrom the town oj Yoghall to the fon, in thefe parts.l

The
 !

^345 34- 6

The County of L I M E R I C K.
HUS far we have furvey'd the jgate at the entrance. More to the Eaft, ftands
maritime Counties of Mounfier Clan- William, fo call'd * from a family of that clan Wi! "
;
'

two remain, that are inland, name, defended from the Houfe de Burgpl 1 1 '

namely, Limerick and Tipperary, (the Irifh call them Bourk,) who inhabit it._B<J°™
^
I

w\ ofe
which we now come to. The, Of this family, was that William (who flewname'was
County of Limerick lies behind James FitzrMoris, the plague and firebrand oi^'iUiam.
that of Cork to the North, be- his country;) upon whom Queen Elizabeth con-
tween Kerry, the river Shanon, and the coun- ferr'd the honour of Baron of Ca/lle-Conel^ron of
ty of Tipperary It is fruitful and well inha (where Richard Rufm Earl of Ulfler, had for-
:
Cartle '

bited, but has few remarkable Towns. Th tified the Caftle,) together with a yearly penfion, ConeI '

Conilagh. Weft part is called Conilagh, where, among the in recompence of his own bravery, and the lofs of
Knock- hills, Knock- Patrick, i. e. St. Patrick's hill, is tht his fons, who were flain in that Battle. FSeveral
Patrick. higheft from the top whereof, one has a plea- good Families of the firname of Bourk do ftill
;

fant profpeit into the fea and along the river remain in thefe Parts."]
Shanon, which at a great diftan.ce falls from a In the South part of this county, flands
vaft wide mouth into the Vergivian Ocean. At * Killmallock, which is next in dignity to Lime-* K.il-mal!o,
the_bottom of this hili, the Fitz,-Giralds liv'd for rick, both in refpeit of plenty, and populouf-£*ii
a long rime in great fplendor ; till Thomas, call'd nefs ; and is wall'd round. Likewife Adore, Ada™
Knight of the Knight of the Valley,, or de Glin (when his a little town, fortified heretofore, and
fituate
the Valley. gracelefs fon
was put to death for Arfony j for upon the river Mage] which prefently runs The fame
||
Qu. Eljz. ||

it is treafon, by the laws of Ireland, to fee vil- into the Shanon. Near this, Hands Clan Gibbon, river> C.
An. 1 1.
lages and houfes a fire,) was found an Accef- the Lord whereof, John Fitz,-Girald, called John
fary, as advifing, and had his eftate conhTcated Oge Fitz--John Fitz,-Gibbon, and, from his grey
by Aft of Parliament. The head city of this hairs, the white Knight, was attainted for certain
County is Limerick encompafs'd by the Shanon Crimes by Act of Parliament; but by the Cle-
;

a famous river, which divides its ftream, and mency of Queen Elizabeth, his fon was re-
* Loumeagh. embraces it. The Irifli call it * Loumnagh, and flor'd; [and the name o£Fitz,-Girattiscit this
day
C. the Englifh, Limerick. It is a Biftiop's See, more numerous than any other in tbisKingdom.
["built and endow'd by Donald Brian, King of At prefent this Town of Clan-Gibbon Hands Clan-Gib-
Ware, Ant. Limerick, about the time of the coming of the in the County of Cork. 1 The moft noted and ton *

p. 140. Englifh into Ireland; and greatly augmented eminent Families in this tra& (befides the Bourks
by Donagh Brian, Bifhop of the place, about and Fitz.-Giralds) * were the Lacies, the
Browns,* a
e C-
the beginning of the thirteenth Century."! This the Hurleys, the Chacys, the Sapells, the Pourcells, *
*

City Ls the great Mart of the Province of Munftcr; all of Englifh extraction ; and the Mac-Shees,
and was firfr taken by Reimund le Grofs, an En- the Mac-bviens, Brians, &c. of Irifii extra-
|1Girsld, C, glifhman, the fon of William \]FztzrGiraUi and ction. [Some of whom are now extinct, and
afterwards, burnt by Diruenald, a petty King of bme others of no great note at prefent; but
Twomund. At laif, it was given in fee to Philip from the Brians are the Earls of Thomond
Breos, an Englifhman ; and fortify 'd by King .d Inchiquin, befides others of confiderable
John with a caftle. At prefent, it is two towns Fortune and Character. Divers noble Families
;

the Upper (for fo they call that where ftands the derive their Titles of Honour from this Coun-
Cathedral and the Caflle,) has two gates, and ty namely, a Family of Hamilton, the title
;

each a fair ftone bridge leading to it, fortify'd ot Vifcount Limerick; a Family of the South- Vifc,
Lime-
with bulwarks and little draw-bridges one of wells, the title of Vifcount Caflle-Maltrefs ric ^-
;
;

which leads you to the Weft, the other to and a Family of the Fanes, the title of Baron
the Eaft. The Lower town which joins to this, Loughyre, and Vifcount Fane.l
is fortified with a Wall and Cattle, and a fore-

8 H The
 ;; ;

347 MUNSTER. 134b

The County of TIPP ERART.

HE .County of Tipperary is Family of the Butlers, who was raifed to that
bounded on the weft with that honour by Queen Elizabeth. But his Son
of Limerick and the river proving difloyal, fuffered accordingly for it
Shanon on the eaft, with the the cattle being taken by the Earl of Enex in
;

County of Kilkenny ; on tb the year ijpy, and he himfelf committed to

fouth, with the Counties ot prifon. From thence, it runs by Clomell, aClamell.
Cork and Waterford and on market town of good refort, and well fortified
;

the north, with the territory of the O Carolh, and alfo by Carkk Mac-Griffin, (ituate upon a
The fouth part is a- fruitful foil, and produces rock, from which it takes its name a Seat of ;

much corn, and is well built and inhabited. the Earls of Ormond, which (with the honour
The weft part of it is water'd by the long of Earl of Carrick) was granted by King Edward Earl of
courfe of the river Glafon; not far from the the fecond, to Edmund Boteler or Butler- Here <- a: Jr.
Ar]
Eme I j'. bank whereof, ftands Emely, or Awn, a Bifhop's the Swire leaves 'Tipperary, and becomes a boun- £ dw £ _

See, T(no\v annex'd to Cafhel,)! and, by report, dary to the Counties of IVateiford and Kil-
a very populous city heretofore. TAt prefent, kenny.
a branch of the honourable Family of Fairfax, Thus much concerning the fouth part of this
take the title of Vifcount from this place.l County. The north part is barren and full or
The &w& or Swire, a noble river which rifes mountains, twelve of which are heap'd toge-
out of Bladin-hill, runs through the middle of ther above the reft ; and thefe they call Phelem-
Lovrer- it ; and fo through the Lower Offory, which by i- Mo dona. This part is call'd in Latin Or- Ormondia,
Oflbry. the favour of King Henry the eighth, gave the umdia ; in Irilh Orwtnvon, that is, The from <>f*™£
T
^* ls

title of Earl to the Butlers; f(as Upper Offory hath Mounfler ; in Englifti, Ormond, and by many
given the title of Baron to the Fitz.-Patricks ;)1 very corruptly IVormewood. All its glory is
and then through Tburles, which gave the But- from the Earls, who have been many, iince
lers the title of Ptfeounts. From whence it partes 'James Butler, to whom and his heirs King
by Holy-Crofs, a famous Abby heretofore ; which Edward the third gave this title H for term oflite,-£ ° 2
nr,

makes the Country about it to be commonly together with the royalties and other liberties, as alfo *,' 3 ,
.'

The County called the County of the Holy Crofs of Tipperary the Kntghts-fees m the County oj 1 lpperary, which
of the Holy and hath derived to this Tract certain fpecial by the favour of the Kings of England, his po-
Crofs of Tip'
privileges, anciently beftowed on the Abbey, in fterity * enjoy'd, [until, by the Grant of King*5till en .
perary.
fecond, the Title was changed joys, C.
The wood honour to' a piece of Chrift's Crofs prefefv'd Charles the
of the there. torn that of Earl to the more honourable ones.
The whole world, fays St. Cyril], is fiWd from
Croft. with pieces of this Crofs; and yet, as St. Paulinus firft of Marquis, and then Duke, of Ormond.l
fays, by a conflant miracle it is never jtiminifked. On account of the foremention'd Royalties,
This was the belief and opinion 6f Chri- this County is reputed Palatine, and he has been
ftians, in ancient times. Audit is incredible call'd by fome the Earl of Tipperary.
t
Earl of Tig
What a concourfe of people do ftiil throng hi- The anceftors of this James were honorary perary.
ther out of devotion. For this nation obR.hmte-[ Butlers of Ireland; from which they derive the
ly adheres to the religion for rather fuperftitionl'name of Le Boteler or Butler. It is certain, that
of their fore-fathers ; which f heretofore] gain'd'this family was nearly related to Thomas Becket,
ground exceedingly by the neglect and igno-'Archbilhop of Canterbury, being defcended
* For there ranee of theBiiliops; * while there were none 'from his filter; and that after his murder, they
ire, C. here to inftrutt them better. were tranflated into Ireland by King Henry the
From hence the Swire partes by Caffil, adorn'd fecond, who hop'd to wipe off the fcandal of
with an Archbiihop's See by Pope Eugenius the [that fact, by preferring his relations to wealth
third, which had many Suffragan Bifhops un- and honours. TOf thefe, one branch doth en-
Wart, Ant. der it in old time. TAt ffrft, the people of joy the honourable title of Vifcount Jkerin, inlkerin.
1

P .
Caffl are fuppofed to have been fubjecl: to the this County.]
139.
See of Emly, twelve miles diftant. Who was The firft Earl of Ormond of this family, was
the founder ot this Church, is not certain ; James fon of Edmund Earl of Carrick who mar- ;

but thus much is clear, that about the time ried the daughter ot Humphry Bolnm Earl of
of
UJ. the coming of
lilt LUllllllg -'» L.i^ uugiUU,
the Donald U illinniiu.ll.iuiu,
Engh'fh, AywiulU Brian Hereford, by daughter v.
a u'."J,ii^'
"J " King i-«l""«
of iiiuj, Edward the
«•"
King of Limerick, built a new Church from the firft; and this relation was the means of their
ground, and endowed it, converting the old advancement. Hereupon, his fon James was
one into a Chapel or Chapter-houfe on the fouth commonly cailed by the people, The Noble Earl.
fide of the Choir. It is fituate without the The fifth Earl of this family (not to be parti-

City, and fortified with a rocky and fteep hill cular in the account of every one of them) had
but is, by reafon of the heigHv of its fituation, the title of Earl of Wiltfhire given him by
too much expofed to the Winds. In the afcent King Henry the fixth, To him and the heirs of
to it, is a great ftone, at which (as is the tra- bis body : but being Lord Deputy of Ireland, as
dition of the Inhabitants) every new King ot fome others of this family have been, and Trea-
Muniter was publickly proclaimed. From this furer of England, he was attainted by Edward
City, the family of Bulkley derived their title of the fourth, and foon after taken and beheaded.
Vifcount Caffil; and from two other places in His brothers were attainted likewife, and ab-
thefe parts, the family of Davys derive their feonded ; John died at Jerufalem without chil-
title of Vifcount Mountcafhel, and the family dren ; Thomas, by the favour ot Henry the fe-
MountulLel,
Culler. of Cqckain their title
of Vifcount Ci.Ilen.l venth, had his attainder revers'd, and died in
From Caffil the Swire runs fon 'ard, making the year 15 15, leaving two daughters, Ann
many Iflands as it goes, till it encompaltes marry 'd to James de St. Leger, and Margaret
Cahir-Caflle, which has its Baron, one of the the wife of William Bullein, who had iitue
Thomas
 ;

34-9 TIPPER ART. i

350
Thomas Bullein, who was made firft Vifcount thought highly difhonourabie and injurious to
Rochfort, and after that Earl of Wiltshire and his Country, and being impeached in Parlia-
Ormond, by King Henry the eighth, upon his ment for the fame, he thereupon fled out of
marriage with Ann BuUein, the Earl's daughter the Nation,
: and flands attainted of High
By her he had Elizabeth Queen of England, Treafon.l
whofe memory will be ever precious to the En- As to what is faidby fomc of the Irifh. (and Men turn-a
glish Nation, After the death of 'Thomas Bul- thofe too, fuch as would be thought very ere- into wolyes.
or Pierce Butler, a perfon of great
lein, Peter dible wlthelfes,) that certain men in thefe parts
power in Ireland, and of the Earl's family are every year converted into wolves; it is
(who had been before created Earl of Ojfery by without doubt fabulous : unlefs, perhaps,
King Henry the eighth,) was now alfo advanc'd through excefs of melancholy, they may be
to the Earldom of Ormond. He dying, left it affected with the diflemper that the Phyficians
to his fon, James, who by the daughter and call AuKtt*gpw7na, which makes them fanly and
heir of James Earl of Defmond, had a fon, imagin themlelves to be lb transform 'd. And as
* Now li- Thomas Earl of Ormond, * whofe fidelity and tor thofe metamorphos'd Lycaones in Livonia, fa
ving, C.
loyalty ] fhone forth in the raoft difficult and much talked of; I cannot but have the fame
f Hath
ftione, C.
dangerous times. He married his only daugh- opinion ot them alfo.
ter to.Thcol'ald Butler his Brother's fon, upon Thus far we have continu'd in the Province
H Hath late whom K. James ("the 1 ill II conferr'd the title of of Mounfler, which Queen Elizabeth, with
\y conferr'd
'Vifcount Tullo. fAs to the Earldom; after a con- great wifdom, and to advance the wealth and
C.
tinuance of many ages, it was raifed, firfl to a happinefs of this Kingdom, committed to the
Marquifate, and then to the higher honour of a government of a Lord President; who (with onep re fident of
Dukedom, by King Charles the fecond, in the Affiftant, two Lawyers, and a Secretary,) might Munfter.
perfon of James, Marquis of Ormond and Earl correct the infolencies of this Province, and
of OfTery, in confederation of hiseminent Loy- keep all men to their duty. The firft Prefident
alty, and Sufferings in the caufe of the Royal was Warham St, Leger Kt. who was conftituted
Family. Which James was alfo afterwards in the year 1565; being a perfon of great ex-
created by the fame King, Duke of Ormond in perience in the affairs of Ireland, [but this
England, (to enjoy the dignity of an Englifh Office (as hath been faid) was fuperfeded by
Duke, under that title;) and was father of King Charles the fecond, (the laft being the in-
Thomas Earl of Offery, a perfon of great genious and noble Earl of Orrery;) and no
Valour, who dy'd in the life-time of the faid more remains to be faid concerning this Pro^-
Duke, and left a Son, James, who fucceeded vinee, but that the honour of Dutchefs of
his Grandfather in all his Honours, and gave Munfter was conferr'd upon Erengart Melufina
many Proofs of Valour, during the French Schuknburg; who hath fines been alfo advanc'd
wars in the reign of King William the third to the honour of Dutchefs of Kendal in Eng-
but, being in the next Reign, unhappily drawn land, as we have already mentioned."!
into fuch Meafures and Practices, as were

LAGENIA,
 [
35 [

35 -

tms'smmmmmmmmm&'SMmmMti

LAGENIA, or LEINSTER.
NO THE R part of Ireland, caB'd by the Inhabitants Leighnigh, by the Bri-
Lein, by the Englijh Leinfter, by the Latins Lagenia, and by the
tish
Lagen, lies to the eaft entirely upon the Sea. It is bounded * towards* Towards
old Legends
Conaught, for a good -way, by the Shannon ; and towards Meath, by its own u er b
^ -
t V
limits. The Soil is rich and fruitful, the Air very warm and temperate ; and thejfeor ! £' .

Inhabitants near as civil and gentile in their Modes of living, as their neigh- many places
hours in England, from whom, getter ally fpeaking-, they are defended. InPtole- lt reaches be-
lemys time it was peopled by the Brigantes, Minapii, Cauci, and Bhm. From* on * c» a "<*
3> c'
thefe Blani, perhaps, are derived and contralhd the modem names, Lein, Lei-^
nigh, and Leinfter. It | was fubdivided into the Counties of Kiikennigh, Caterlogh, Queens-— buttheJVfc-
County, Kings-County, Kildare, Weisford, and Dublin : not to mention Wicklo and Fernes,<"- is in no
which either * are already, or will be, added to it. \ At this day, Leinfter contains the Counties ceths
pff^
Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, Catcrlogh, Kilkenny, Kings-County, Queens-County, Kildare,
Meath, Weft-Meath, and Longford.]
?J™ r
'
fent <£
* So faid,
ann. 16*07.

BRIGANTES, or BIRGANTES.
j
HE Brigantes feem have been fated between the mouth of the river Swire, and the
to

confluence of the Neor and Barrow ; which lafl is call'd by Ptolemy Brigus. And be-
caufe there wad an ancient City of the Brigantes in Spain, call'd Bngantia ; Floria-Birgus, now
nus del Campo takes a great deal of pains to derive thefe Brigantes from bis own Barrow.
country of Spain. But, if cenjeclures are to be allow 'd, others may as probably derive
them from the Brigantes of Britain, a Nation both near and populous. However, if
what I find in fame Copies be true, that thefe People were call'd Birgantes, bath he and others are
plainly under a miflake : for then they take their name from the river BirguS [now Barrow,] about
which they inhabit ; as appears from the affinity of the names. Thefe Brigantes (or Birgantes, which Bireantes.
you phaje ) peopled the Counties of Kilkenny, Oflery, and Caterlogh, all, water d by the river

The
r 35'3 :
354-

The County of KILKENNY,

\}i E County of Kilkenny "the Englifb-town is much newer ; being builc
bounded on the weft with the (as I have read) by Ranulph the third Earl of
;
County of Tipperary, on thi Chefler, and wall'd on the. weft-fide by Robert
with the Counties oi
eafl Talbot, a nobleman, and fortified with a Caftle
Weisford and Caterlogh, on by the Butlers. When the daughters of Willi-
the Couth with the County ol am Marefchal, Earl of Pembroke, made a
Waterford, on the north with partition of their Lands; it is certain, that this
the Queens-County, and on the north-weft fell to the fhare of the third Sifter, who was
with the Upper-Ofltry ; and is adorn'd on married to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Glocefter.
all (ides with Towns and Caftles, and more Lower, upon the fame River, Hands a little
plentiful in every thing, than any of the reft. fortity'd Town, called in
Englifh Thoma$-tQwn,Thorms-
Near Ojjery are thofe huge copling Mountains in Iriih Bala-mat-Andan, i. e. the Town ot Town.
named Sleiew Bhemy (which Giraldus calls Bla- Anthony's Son both deriv'd from the founder,
',

Bladin.hills. dim Monies,) of a vaft height ; out of the Thomas Fttz,-Anthony, an Englishman, who flou-
bowels whereof, fprings the river Swire a fori riftied in Henry the third's time, and whole
faid, as alfo the Near and Barrow. The: heirs f were long Lords of the place. Below f Are at this
defcend in three feveral Chanels, but join in this, the river CaMan runs into the Near; upon da X> r -

one before they fall into the Sea which made Col!:in " n '

; which (lands the third Coun- Corporation rf this

the Ancients call them The three Sifters? ty, that takes the name Kalian from it and ;
Net*. The
Near, commonly called the Neure, does alfo Im-Teag, a fourth. Inis-Tcag.
in amanner divide this County m two ; and The family of the Butlers fpreads its branch-
when, with a fwift dream, it has pafs'd the es almoft all over this Country, and has long
Uppef-Ofle- Upper-Ojfery (the firft Baron whereof was Bar- rlourifh'd in great honour ; having been, for
rv -
nabai Fitz,-Patrkk, advane'd to that honour by their eminent Services and Merits, dignify 'd
aro n s hc
5 er .^ King Edward the lixth,) and many Forts on with the title of Earls of Osmond, oi Wiltshire
r y, both fides it arrives at Kilkenny, i. e. the Cell in England,
',
fof Brecknock in Wales,! and ( as
Kilkenny- or Church of Canic ; who was an eminent Her- we faid) of Ojjery. Beiides * the Earl of Or-* So faid,
mit in this Country. It is a Town Corporate; mond, Vifcount Thurles, and Knight of theann. i<5°7*
f(now a City,)! neat, fair-built, and plentiful. Garter ; there are of this family the Vifcount See 0rmni -

and by much the bed midland town in the Mont-Garret, the Vifcount Tullo, the Barons de
Ifland. It is divided into the and the Dunboyn and Cahyr, with many other noble
Englifo,
Irijb-toivn. The Irijh-townwere, the branches. The other Families of note in thefe
is, as it
Suburbs, where (lands the Church of St. Canic, parts, were alfo of Englifh original, namely, the
which has both given name to the Town, and Graces, Waives, Louels, Foreflers, Shortels, Blamb-
Ware, Ant. a See to the Bifhops of Oifery. TTheir See felds or Blanchevelftons, Dri lands, Comerjords, &c.
was at firft at Saiger, which we now call Seir TBut at this day, the greateft part of thefe are
heran, in Ely O Carol ; and was tranflated from ily of private condition, and fome are wholly
thence to Agabo in Oflbry, in the year 105 extinct.
is fuppofed ; and at laft, to Kilkenny, by Felix From three feveral places in this County, the
O Dullany Bifhop of Oflory, about the end of following Titles of Honour have been refle-
Henry the Second's reign. The Gtuation of ctively taken : the title of Vifcount Caftlecojner,CMc<omtx.
the Cathedral is rendered exceeding pleafant, by by the family of Wandesford ; the title of
it's{landing on a hill gently raifed ; from which Baron of Gowran, by the Fitz,-Patricks ; and Gowran "
of Baron of KiUaghy, by General George ^ illa S h > *
-

is a delightful profpect over the City and the the title

fertile Country thereabouts.! Carpenter, in England."!

8 I Hie
 ; .

355 LEINSTER. i
3 S<

The County of CATERLOGH.

HE County of Caterlogh, by Upon the river Slane (lands Ttillo, memorable TuIIo.
contraction Carlogh, borders for 'Theobald Butler, brother's Ion to the Earl of
upon Kilkenny to the eaft Ormond, who was honourM by King James
lying moflly between the ri- ("the fird] with the title of Viicount Tullo. The
vers, Barrow and Slane. The Cavanaughs are very numerous in thefe parts, Cavanaugh*.
Soil is fruitful, and well (ha- (defcended from Dii'venald, a younger Son, or
ded with Woods. It hath in it Baftard (as fome fay,) of Dermot the lad King
two Towns of note, bothfituate upon the weft of Leinfler warlike-men, and famous for good ;

bank of the Barrow : The one, Caterlogh, about horfemanfhip ; and though they are f generally"!
which LeonelDuke of Clarence began to build a very poor at this day, yet are they of as much
Wall and Bellingham, the famous and excellent honour and bravery, as their forefathers J Tand
;

Lord Deputy, built a Caftle for the defence of it fome of them of good note.l Upon the ac-
The other is Leighlin, m Latin Lechlinia, where count of fome (laughters, which * many years* So faid,
was formerly ann l6o 7-
a Bifhop's See, that is now an- ago they committed upon one another, they -

nex'd to the Biflioprick of Femes. Thefe lived in a date of war, plunder, and blood- Live, C.
|| 1|

Towns have both of them their Wards and filed. Some of them, being entrufted by the
Conftables Tand at Leighlin-bridge, a mile fouth Englifh to manage their Eftates in thefe parts
;

of Old was a Commandery of the about King Edward the fecond's time, ufurp'd
Leighlin,
Knights Templars, which is ftill of fome ufe all to themfelves, afTuming the name ofO-More,® M ore.

The Stat, of
to guard that coniiderable Pafs.l and taking the * Tools and Birns into their^
The greated part of the County belonged confederacy; by which means they difpo{Tefs'djp; n g| a5i
^. 1

^
Abfentees.
by inheritance to the Howards, Dukes of Nor- the Englifh, by degrees, of all that territory* Tales and
BrffMI c
folk (defcended, by the Earls of Warren, from between Caterlogh and the Irifb Sea. f Below
*
.

the elded daughter of William Marfhall Earl thefe, the river Neor joins the Barrow ; and af-+
Amon£i c *
of Pembroke ; ) but King Henry the eighth, ter they have traveled fome miles together in
by Act of Parliament, had all the Lands and one dream, they quit their names, and give
Pofleffions granted him, which belong'd either up that, with their waters, to their elded fider
to him and the other Englifh Gentry, or to the Swire which empties it felf foon after ;

oi Waterff
^K Monafteries here in England * ; becaufe, from a rocky mouth into the Sea where, on :

laft Paragr. by their abfence, and neglect of their own the left, there is a little narrow-neck'd Pro-
private Attairs there, they had endangered the montory, upon which dands all high tower, ||This,asaIfo
'
publick intereft of the Nation. built by the Merchants of Rojfe while they Rcijfe iS in >

From hence the Barrow runs through the Ba- flourifh'd, to direft Veflels into the mouth oi^tf' , -

, r, Hook- tower.
BaronYdror.ronyofli/j'OB, which hath belong'd to the Carews the Kiver.
Devonshire, ever fince SiriV. Carew, an Eng-
of ["The title of Marquifs of Caterlogh is enjoy'd
lifh Knight, married the daughter of Digo by his Grace the Duke of Wharton in Eng-
\ In our me-an Irifh Baron ; and which j" in the memory of land,"!
mory, C. the laftage, was recovered, after a long ufurpation,
by Peter Carew.

QUEENS-COUNTY.
O the north-wed, above Ca- confpiring againd the Englifh, and endeavour-
terlogh, lies a woody, boggy ing to free themfelves from their Government.
Traft, csutd in Irifh The At the fird coming of the Englifh into thefe
Leafe, in Englifh, The Quern s- parts, Meilere was fent to fubdue this wild and
County ; which Queen Mary, dubborn part of the Country. Hugh Lacy,
by Thomas Ratcliff Earl of Lord Deputy, built a Cadle at Tahmelio, ano-
Suffex and Lord Deputy at ther at Obowy, a third upon the river Barrow,
that time, fird redue'd into a County. Hence and a fourth at Norracb. But the mod famous
M Ty ~ B reh
' ^
t ie C e ^ Town is call'd Mary Burgh f(from was Donemaws, an ancient Cadle, fituate in a
'whence the Family of Molineux have the title very fruitful part which fell to the BreofesVontmim.
;

of Vifcount,)! defended by a garrifon under Lords ot Brecknock by Eva the youngeft daugh-
the command of a * Steward, j who with much ter of William Marefhall Earl of Pembroke :
4- ThisVa's z ^ k eP c °& tne O-^ores, pretending to be the Where alfo the Barrow, rifing out of Slew-
the State of ancient Lords of it ; as alfo the Mac-Gilpa- Blomey-bills on the wed, after a folitary courfe
it, ann. i6oT>trkks, the Q-Dempjies, and others (a mifchievous through the Woods, fees the old City Rheba, a
and reftlefs fort of people, ) who are daily name which it dill preferves entire in its pre-Rheba.'
feftt
 : »

i3$7 KINGS-COUNTT. i
35 8
lent one Rheban ; though inftead of a City, it and not by the King, they were not Lords of
is now but the fhadow of a City, coniiftin^ Parliament.
of fome few Cottages and a Fort. However, This County is now well inhabited, and
•Gives, C. it * gave the title of Baronet to an eminent much improved ; and contains, betides the Bur-
Baronet of Gentleman N. of S. Michael, commonly called rough of Mary-burrough, the Burrough of Bal-
R he ban.
of Rheban f but that Family is now lytutkiU, and the confiderable Towns of Montrath,
the Baronet ;

wholly extinft. Their title while they re- Mountmelick, Abbyieafe, and Dtmow, the firft of
mained was in fome fenfe, that ot Baron but which gives the title of Earl of Montrath^ to the
;

being created by the Lord of the Palatinate, Honourable Family of Coote.~\

The K 1 NGS-COU NTT.

\ S the Queens County was fo affigned them to live upon. For this reafon the-
tiey
nam'd troni Queen Mary ; fc broke out into rebellion upon every occalicn
, Break, II
the adjacent little County on and being thus wrought into a
Spirit of Re-
the north (divided by the venge, * annoy'd the Englifli with
great out- * Annoy,
river Bam™,
and called here- rage and cruelty. TBut now, all thofe Families, c '

tofore Offnlie) was called, in both Englilh and Irifh are extinct
; except the
honour ot Philip Or Spain her Leicefiers, who are in a low ftate ; and the
Mores
husband, the King County and the head-town, who are in a flourifhing condition, and have
's ;

Philips-town. Philips-town where

: |was a garrifon, a Senefchal, been lately advanced to the honour of Barons
of
fls, C. and feveral noted families of the Englifli, the Tullamore. This County is now well improved
Warrens, Herberts, Colbies, Mores, and the Leicefters; and inhabited ; and, belides the Borough
of
and ot the Irifh, the family of O-conor, to whom Philips-town (which gives the title of Baron to
a great part of it tormerly bclong'd as alfo of the Lord Vifcount Molefworth,) hath
;
the Bo-
Mac Coghlam, and O-maily, Fox, and others, who rough oiBonagher; and Edenderry, a large Town;
* Defend, C. ftoutly * defended the pofteffions left them here with feveral pretty Villages
; and from Gejliill GcMSi.
f Complain, by their anceftors. Thefe native Irifh f com- herein, the honourable Family of Digby in

ff'Are C P™ n'd t ,at tne eftates of their families were England take their title of Baron."!
'
||

' ' taken from them, and no others in lieu thereof

The County of KILDARE.

HE County of Kildare is out feeing one another ; ) but one more anci-
ftretch'dout like a fore-land to ent, who liv'd about a thoufand years ago, and
the King and Qticen's Counties was a difciple of S. Patrick, and very famous
on the eait ; and is very rich in Ireland, Scotland, and England. Her Mi-
and fruitful. Giraldus Cam- racles, and the Fire never going out (being pre-
brenlis applies rhofe verfes of ferred and cherifhed in the* inner Sanctuary,
Virgil to the paftures here
AMit pcnei
like that of Vefta, by the Nuns,) and ftilUr«l<*»i.
burning without any increafe of afhes ; are re-
lated by Authors at large. This Town has
Et quantum longis carpunt armenta diebus, the honour of being a Bifli.ip's See, who was
Exigua tantum gelidus ros nolle reponit. formerly ftil'd in the Pope's Letters, Daren/is.
[It is faid to have been founded by St. Conleth,
Va „ Ant
What in long days the browzing cattle crop, with the afliftance of St. Bridget ; and among
p , 3 <5. .

In the fhort nights the ferril dew makes the Suffragan Bifhops of Ireland, in Councils
up. and elfewhere, as the Bifllop of Meath had the
firft place, fo the Bifllop of Kildare had the
next.] This Town was, firft, the habitation
Kildare. The principal town of
this County, is Kildare; of Richard Earl of Pembroke,
afterwards of
eminent in the firft ages of the Irifh Church, William Marjhall Earl of Pembroke his
ion in-
S. Brigid. for Brigid, aVirgin much renown'd for her law by whofe fourth daughter Sibill, it
; came
+ Two, C. devotion and chaftiry ; not
flie,who about f three to IVilliam Ferrars Earl of Derby, and
by a
hundred and forty years fmce inilituted the daughter of his (by her likewife) to
William
Order of the Nuns of St. Brigid (namely, That Vefcy ; whofe fon William Vefcy, Chief
Juftice
in one Monaftery both Monks and Nuns fhould of Ireland, being out of favour
with King
live together in their feveral apartments, with- Edward the firft upon
a quarrel between him
and
 1

359 LEINST ER. I36C

and John the Ton of Thomas Girald;, and ha- on the river Barrow ; Mainoth, a Caftle of the
ving loft his only legitimate foil, gave Kildare. Earls or Kildare, and a Town, with
the privi-
Archiva Re- and other Lands of his in Ireland, to the King, ledge of a Market and a Fair
granted by King
gia. upon condition that he fliould infeorf his natu- Edward the firft, in favour of Girald FitzrMo-
ral foil (irnamed de Kildare, in his other Land: rU ; (but now the Caftle is in rubbifh :1
Caflle-
in England. A little after that, the faid John Martin, the chief feat of the ramify of Fitz,-
Ion of Thomas Girald (whofe Anceftors, de Euftace, defcended from the Poers in the County
fcended from Girald Windefor, Caftellan, of Pern- ot Waterford ; of whom, Rowland
Fitz,-Euflace, Barons Fitx-
brook, did great fervice in the conqueft of tor his great merit and virtue,
was made a Ba- Eulhce.
Earls ofKil Ireland,) had the caftle and town of Kildare, ron ot Parliament by Edward the fourth,
Air. andPat 2 Ed ,
together with the fiyle and title of Earl of Kildarej had the Manour of Portkfter bcfWd upon
Ch.9. Edw.2 him, Viftounts.
N. 11 bellow M
on him by King Edward the fecond. as alfo the title of Vifcount
Baltinglm by Hen- Baltinglai.
Thefe Fitz,-Giraldst or Geraldins as they now ry the eighth all which Honours Rowland
:
Fitzr
call them, were Men of great note, and parti- Euftace loft being banifli'd in Queen Eliza-
cularly eminent for their brave actions, who of beth's time for his treachery.
themfelves (as one fays) preferv'd the Sea-coafts of fThe firft of the above-mention'd Towns,
Wales-, and conquer' d Ireland. And this family or namely Nam, is the Shire-Town ; near which,'
Kildare flouriln d a long time with their ho- at Sigghigjlowne, Thomas Earl of
Strafford, Lord S.g^ng-
nour and reputation unfully'd ; having never Lieutenant of Ireland, ere&ed a large and ftowne.
had any hand in rebellions, till in Henry the magnificent Pile
deligning to make
; it the
eighth's time, Thomas FitxrGirald (fon of Gi- Seatot his Family.
Almoft two miles from^p
.

rald Fitz-Girald Earl of Kildare and Lord thence, are two Stones,
of a remarkable Big- J"j 2
Lieutenant of Ireland,) upon the news that his nefs, call'd from thence
Long-Stones ; but when,
father (who had been fent tor into England, and or tor what end,
they were plac'd there, Hi-
charg'd with male-adminiliratiou in Ireland) ftorians give no account.
was executed ; was fo far tranfported by thi The more confiderable families here, befides
heat of youth with this falfe rumour, that hi the Fik-Giralds, are
all likewife Englifli, the
unadvifedly took up arms againft his King and Ougans, De-la-Hides,
Ailmers, * Waffles,* Boifels, *rhefc ex
Country, invited Charles the fifth to take pof- Whites, * Suttons, &c.
TWithin this County, tina^ orob-
feffion of Ireland, wafted the Country with the two honourable
Families of Loftm and Al-^™-
fire and fword, befieg'd ftlie Caftle oil Dublin len, have their
refpective Titles of Honour; the
and put the Archbifhop thereof to death. Foi firft of Vifcount
Ltftm of Ely, and the fecond
which outrage, he was foon after hang'd, with of Vifcount A/len.l
five of his Uncles ; his Father being dead of As for the' Gyant's dance, which Merlin by
griet before. However, this family was re- Art-magick transferr'd
( as they fay ) out of
ftor'd to its ancient grandeur by Queen Mary, this territory
to SalUury-Vlain, as alfo the
who advanc'd Girald, brother of the faid Tho- bloody battle to be fought hereafter
between
mas, to the Earldom of Kildare, and the Ba- the Engliih and the
Irifh at Moleaghmafl ; I
rony of Offaly 1 whofe two fons, Henry and leave them to thofe credulous
heads, that doat
William, having both fucceeded, and dying upon the fabulous
part of Antiquity, and are
without illue-male, the title of Earl came to admirers of old Prophefics.
For my own part,
Girald Ficz.-Girald their Coufin-german. I fhall not regard fuch Stories. Thefe are the
The other remarkable Towns in this County, Midland Counties of Leinfter Now, .-
we pro-
* ViL infra, are, Naas, a Market-town * ; Athie, fituate up- ceed to thofe
upon the Sea-coaft.

The County of WEI S FORD.

;
EL OW that mouth, from Upon the river Barrow in this County, former-
which the three lifter-rivers, ly flouriln 'iRofs
f a large City, [now a Bur- + V,bs arnfU.
the Barrow, the Neore, and the rough, of good trade, and well-peopl'd
1
; for-
empty themfelves into tified with a wall of great
Swire,
compafs by Ifabel
the Sea ; upon a Promonto- daughter of Earl
Richard Stmngliow ; which is
ry eaftward, which makes a the_ only remains of
it at this day. For the
winding fhore, lies the County din'enfion between the Citizens
and the Reli-
of Weirford or Wexford, in Irifh Gawvj-Reogh gious here,
did long fince ruin the Town, and
Menapi!. [(i.e.aarfeOTroug/,;)') where the
Afea/w are plac'd redue'd it almoft to nothing,
fit had anci-
by Ptolemy. That thefe Menafii were the off- ently a
_ Cathedral and a Bifhop ; but the See-
fpring of the Menafii upon the Sea-coaft of the
was afterwards united to that of Cork.
Lower Germany, the name it felf feems to in- Honourable Family The
of Pmjmt have been ad-
Caraufius. timate. But whether that Caraufim who fet up vanced to the
dignity of Vifcounts, and more
for Emperor in Britain againft Dioclefian,
as lately, of Earls, of Rofs.l
of this, or that Nation, I leave to the Enquiry More eaftward, Duncanon, a garrifon'd caftle, Dtinca-noa;
Publilbed by of others. For Aurelius Viftor calls him a is fo feated
bthottus.
upon the river, that no Ships can
Citizen of Menapia ; and the City
Menafia is pafs to Waterford or Rofs, but by its
plac'd by Geographers in Ireland, leave";
and not in and therefore tiiey took care to tortifie
it in
the Low Countreys.
the year 1588, when the Spaniards
made a
defcent
 ;

1 3<5i W EX FORD. I362

defcetit into Ireland. From hence, to the very ving
furrender'd his right to
mouth of the nver, a narrow neck of landcond, the King
Henrv the fe-
made it over to Richard Ear!
fhoocs out upon which- fiands a high tower! of Pernor .ok in tee, '
;
to hold o7 h"im "and ti
b nZ n f RofS -' n jKe .time, ol King of Engiand
l^ „Lrl;i?. l A? J
their profperity, for the direflion of Sailors ...
for ever
the Earls Marefchals, the Valences
from whom by ;

to the river's mouth.

of Ia&„„,
At a little diftance from Family in France, and the
Haflhigs, it came to the
hence, upon a winding ihore, {lands •finis.
Greys Lords of Ruthin, who areffec.uenr.Iy
call'd in
8 William Marfhall Earl of Jembrooke bid Charters
Monaft.de
ft
I™!' a f™°<* Monaftery, and call'd it De Vo- fixth's time
Uriso) Weisfori; Henry the 271
Vote J. Talk, is once mentioned in th
'» becaufe, in a dangerous {form, he had made "
Pubbck Records, by the title of Marl Shrewf-
a Vow to found one, and, being here caft upon of
bury and Weisford. [The Ifland Edri ; by Pliny Ware Art
the lhore, performed it in this place. alld Andros, feated by Ptolemy among theP^S-
is
Hicron This very Promontory, Ptolemy calls Hier Illands m the weft of Ireland and the learned ;
montory i. e.Sacred i and I queftion not but it was call'd Author of the Antiquities of this Kingdom,
by a name of the lame import among the In-
believes it to be the lame with Beg-Eri, i e
Hyaun i
habitants. For the laft Town in it, where the Little Ireland an Iile,
; in the mouth 'of the
ml '."' En S li!h landed when they firft invaded this river Sl,me.~\
Concerning which river, take this
Kland, is call'd in Irifh Banna, which lignihes Diftich of Necham, fuch as it is :
My.
From this Holy-Promontory the fhore turns
caftward, and runs for a long way towards
Ditat Enifcotrum flume* quod Slana va-
the north ; over-againft which, the Sea is full
catur,
of flats and (hallows that are very dangerous,
Hunccemk Weisford fe fociare Jibi.
TheGrputids.and are call'd by the Seamen the Grounds. Here,
PtoIem y fixes cne «ver Modem, and the city
Modona!"
Menapia at the mouth of it ; names, fo utter- Enrich'd by Slane does
Enifcort appear,
ly loft at this day, that I defpair of giving -
And Weisford fees him join his ftream with
light to a matter lo very obfeure. Yet, "feeing her ,-

there is but one river which empties it leif

here, and, in a manner, parts the County
The river in two, and is call'd Slane ; and fince up
Slane.
For Eniftorthy, a Burrough-town, ftands 'Mnijiort, C.
on the mouth, where it ftagnates, there upon this river
; as alfo more inward upon the
Weisford. ft anc| s a City call'd by
a German name, Weis- lame, Femes (only
famous for its Eifhop's See,)
ford, the head Town of the County ; methinks, which the
Fitz-Giralds formerly fortified with
it is very probable, that this Slane is the old' a Caftfe.
Hard by, on the other lide the Slane,
Modona ; and this Weisford, that Menapia and live the Cavexaghs,
;
the Donels, the Montages, and Ann. 1607. ||
the rather, becaufe the prefent name is but HO-Mores,
Irifh Families of very turbulent E «i«a. II
novel, and of a German original, having been and feditious
(pirits ; as alfo, the Sinotts, the* Extina.
given it by thofe Germans whom the Irifh Roches, and
the * Peppards, all Englifh. On
* None of the call Ouftmen. This is * a large Town Tand a this hde theSlane,
thole of greateft note, Hwerell Are C
greateft, C.
Corporation, and is much frequented by the Vifcounts
Mont-Garret (the firft of whom
Strangers in Summer, by reafon of a good was Edmund
Butler, a younger Ion of Peter
Chalybeat-Spring that is near it.l The Town if Ormond, dignity Earl
'd with that title by Ed-
is remarkable upon this account, that it was ward
the fixth,) and many more of the
fame
the firft of the Illand that fubmitted to the name with the Devereux, Stafford.!, Chevers,
;
Englifh ; being redue'd by Fitt,-Stefiens, a Whites, Forhngs, Fitz,-Harrys, Browns,
Hores,
liant Commander, and made an Englifh Co- Haies, Coddes,
and Mailers, of Englifh Extra-
lony. So that this Shire is very full of Eng- ction
( as are very many of the common peo-
* So laid, lifh, who * drefs after the old fafhion of the ple
;) (all, or moft of whom, are now in a low
ann. 1607. Englifh, and fpeak the Englifh Language, but condition but the Roches and Sinotts, before-
:

with a mixture of Irifh. Dermic, who invi- mentioned, remain in

a good ftate.
ted the Englifh hither, gave this City and the From Newborough, in this County, the ti- Ncwbor °'"g D .
Territory about it to Fitsc-Stephen for cur. tie ot Baron is
enjoy'd by the Honourable
\ Manictpi- who began a f Burrough-town hard by at Ca,- George Cholmoudley, on
whom alfo hath been v d Ani ,e- ' -

rkke, and improv'd the natural ftrength of th< confer'd the honour
of a Baron, in the Kin^dom^' p 8 " - '

place, by great additions of Art. But he ha of Great Britain.!

8 K CAUCI.
 36 3
LEINSTER. 364

C AV C I.

The County of W 1 c k l o w.
H E Cam, who were Ale in Ireland * ; and Bkffington which gives theBieffington.
alfo a

The Cauci. f| § People upon the Sea-coaft oi title of Baron to a branch of the honourable
Germany, inhabited that part Family of Boyle. Alfo, it hath feveral pretty-
of the Country that is nex; Villages, with fome Noblemen's Seats ; and it
the Menapii but not at tin is fo well inhabited with Englifh, and by them
;

fame diftance as thofe in Ger improved to that degree, as to make it inferior

_
many. They lived in thai to few Counties in this Kingdom.!
Maritim Tract, which is now pofiefs'd by tht Below Arckh, the river call d Ovoca in Ptole-
O-Tools, O-Tools and Birns, Irifh families that * fubfift my, runs into the Sea, and (as Giraldus Cam-
Birns. by rapin and blood being ever refllefs and brenfis fays) is of that nature, that as well when
;
* Sofa d ftrength oi the flows as ebbs-, the water in this creek retains
j ' unquiet ; and, confiding in the tide,
ann. 1607. unmix 'd
their Forts and Garrifons, they obftinately de- its natural tafte and frejlmefs, preferring itfelf
to the very Sea.
fy all Laws, and live in implacable enmity a- and free from any tinclure of fait,
To put a flop to then fin this County, at Wmdgate, is a rema.vkn- Ware, Ant.
gainft the EngliOi.
of Stones ; concerning which, thep. 153.
conformable to the ble heap
outrage, and to make them
Laws, it was debated by fome knowing men in
Learned Writer of the Antiquities of Ireland
reduced gives a threefold Conjecture, That it mufl be,
the year 1578, how thofe parts might be
divided cither for the burial of pcrfons (lain in Battel;
into a County ; and at laft they were
or a Mercurial Monument, laid there by Tra-
into fix feveral Baronies, which ftiould make
vellers, according to the cuftom of Antiquity,
the County of Wicklo or Arckh. For this is the
Wicklo, or
in honour of Mercury, the Protector of Travel-
Arcklo. chief place hereabouts, and f was a Caftle of thc
oi lers ; or one of thofe heaps of Stones, which
+ ls, C,. Earls of Ormond, who, among other titles
themfelves Lords of Archlo, vere heretofore laid to mark out the Mears or
Stile, C. honour, filled
||
II

hath the Town of Wicklow, Bounds of Land, and were called Scorpions. Al-jbid. , 71,
TBelides this, it p
in this County, near Glandelach, certain and 53,
Which is a Corporation, and the Shire-Town
.0, ,

Country-people, in the year 1639, found a

and gives the title of Baron to the honourable
great quantity of ancient Irifh Coins.l
*See .i 64,Family of Maynard ; andis famous for the belt
P 3
1366.

The County of D IV ELI N or DUBLIN.

Eyond the Cauci, liv'd the Eb- I cannot (as I could defire) give a particular ac-
lani, in chat tract which is count of, becaufe I am not well enough ac-
the County of Dublin or quainted with the feveral bounds.
Firft there-
now
Divelin ; bounded on the eaft tore, I will furvey the Sea-coaft,
and then fol-
by the Irifh Sea, on the weft low the Rivers, as their courfe leads me
into

by the County of Kildare, on the inner-parts of this County ; none

of which
the fouth by the little terri- are twenty miles diftant from the fliore.
tories of the O-Tools and O-Birns, and of thofe To begin in the South ; the firft place that
which they term the Glinnes T(now part of the we meet with upon the coaft, is Wickk,\\ Seep.1363. j|

County of Wicklow and, on the north, by where is a narrow haven with a rock hanging
; )1
theCounty and the river Nanny. The
of Meath over enclofed with good walls, inftead of a
it,

Soil produces Corn, and Grafs in great

good Caftle which (as other Caftles of this King-
;

plenty ; is well-ftock'd with

and the County dom was by Act of Parliament, not to be
)
game, both tor hunting and fowling but fo ;
commanded by any Governour, that * was not*js> c. This
naked for the moil part, that they generally an Englishman by reafon the Irifh who bad Aft repeal'd,
:

had, to the 1 6 '

burn a fat kind of turf, or elfe coal out of born that charge heretofore j f^^^S"'
a ^
England, inftead of wood. In the fouth part, damage of the Government, made fmall refi-' '

alihults, and fuffer'd Prifoners

which is lefs improv'd and cultivated, there is fiance in cafe of
here and there a hill pretty well wooded un- to efcape by connivance. But let us hear what
;

fays of this Port, who calls it Win-

der which lie the low vales call'd Glynnes Giraldus
thick fet with woods ; and thefe
* were here- chiligilk. There is a Port at Winchiligillo, on the
* Are fadly,
Ireland next Wales, which, at every gene-
tofore fadly infefted with thofe pernicious Peo- fide oj to
C.
not fo ral Ebb oj the Sea, Waves, and at the
receives the
ple, the O-Tooles and O-Birnes ; ("but are
the Sea, fends them out again :
at this day, but on the contrary as fafe and general Flow of
fecure as any part of Ireland.] Among thefe and after the Sea is gone back, and has quite left it,
the River, which rum into the Sea here, is \\ in euery m Per om „ em
Glynnes is the Bifhoprick of Glandilaugh, which
has lain defolate, ever fince it was an- corner, fait and brackift. anfraRum.

the Archbiftioprick of Dublin. In o- Next, upon the top of a hill by the Sea-fide,
nex'd to
ther parts, the County is very well town'd and
Hands New-caflle, whence may be feen thofe New-eafile.
Sand, call'd the Grounds, which lie t
peopled, and furpaffes the other Provinces ot {helves of
coaft , yet, between them and the
Ireland in improvements of all forts, and a pe- along this
and
elegance. It is divided in- fhore, the water is laid to
be feven fathoms
culiar neatnels
Five, C. to t h" x Baronies, Rathdown, Nnucaftle, Cafile- deep. A
little higher, where the Bray (a fmall
f "which river) runs into the Sea, Hands Old Court [which
Knoc, Cowloc, Bahodry, and Nethercrofs i
anci-
 ;

1365 DUBLIN. 1366

anciently belonged to the Talbots ; and Old Cj- us, it was ladly fhatterM in the D.milh wars:
naugbt,~\the eftate of the Wallenfes or IValfbes of afterwards, it fell under the fubje&ion of Ed-
Caryckmain, a family, fwhich was] not only an- gar King of England, as his Cnarter, already
cient and noble, but very numerous in chefe tnention'd, telfifies. Next, the Norwegians
Powers Parts. Next to this is Powers Court, formerly, got polfeffion of it ; and therefore in the life of
Coart '
(as ths name it felf thews) belonging to the Gryffith ap Cynan, Prince of Wales, we read, that
poers ; a very large Cattle, till T'trlaugh O 'Toole, HLr.Jd the Norwegian, after he had fubduM
in a rebellion, demolifhed ("This is a fine the gr ateft part of Ireland, built Dublin.
it.

Seat ; the Wingfields took This Harald feems to be that * Har-fager (or* Pukbricc-]
and from hence
their title of Vifcounts ; and tho* the title be Fair-hatr, ) the firft King of Norway, whofe"""-
lately extinct, the Efface flill remains in the pedigree Hands thus in the life of Gryffith. To
fame name. Harald was born j Auked to Aulo d, another Otberwife ;
-f-

This river, Bray, is the prefent Bound be- ot the fame name ; This Auloed had a Son,eaIlM Abloi-
'

tween the Counties of Dublin and Wicklow om/c,Kmg ot Dublin. Sitric had a Son, ;
n us '
Auhed^^^
fo already defcribed, fouth ot wnoK daughter Racwella was mother to Gryffith
that the part
that River, is. properly in the County of IVkk- ap Cynan, born at Dublin, while ||Tiriough reign'd j[ Tbirdelacus.
low.~\ ui Ireland. This, by the by. At length, up-
From the mouth of the Bray, the fliore draws n the firft arrival ot the Englifh in Ireland, Dub-
in, and makes a Bay ; where at the very turn lin was foon taken, and gallantly defended by
*Cubiti. of the * elbow, lies the little Ifland of S Bene- them ; when Affculph Prince of Dublin, and
dict, which belongs to the Archbifhop ot Dub- afterwards Gothred King of the Iiles, alfaulted
DuMin-ha- \{ n This Bay is cali'd Dublin- bavin, into it vigorously on all hues.
. little after, an A
v* n
-
. „ which runs the Liffy, the nobkit river of this Eiighih Colony was tranlplanted hither from
GhlldZ' ^
County ; and though the Ipiing of it is but Briilol, by King Henry the fecond ; who gave
vcnLiff. from the mouth, the courfe is io
fifteen miles them thisCity (being perhaps at that time
winding and crooked, rhat firk it goes fouth b> urain'd of Inhabitants) in thefe words, With
St. Patricks-land) and then weft ; after that, all the liberties and free cufloms, which thofe of
northward, watering the County or Kildare ; Briftol a.joyed. From that time, it flourifhed
and at length eaftward, by Cajile Kuoc, hereto- more and more ; ?nd in times of the greateft
fore the Barony of the Terils (win ie ehate by ti: fficuit^ has given many and ample proofs of
females was transterr'd to other families :ib-;Ui ics lojalty to the Kings of England.

the year 1370 ;) and by Kilmainam, toimen ; This is the Royal City of Ireland, and the
belonging to the Knights ot the order ot b molt noble * Mart ; wherein the Courts of* Emporium*
f Now, C. John of Jerujalem, and { heatofore a place
ot judicature are held. The City is well wall'd,
retirement tor the Lord Deputy. ["But now ii neatly built, and very populous j [being ex-
belongs to the Earl of Rojfe, and is the place ot cetdingl) encreas'd, in this and the lafl age, not
the Count y-Stffions. And the Country-Palace nly in oignefs (tor it is as large again as it was
for the Government is at Chapel-hod, on the ottore,) out alfo in People, Buildings, and
north-fide of the river, where is a noble Park, M gnincei-ce ot all kinds.! An ancient \vri-
cali'd the Phcenix-park.~\ t r defenbes it to be nobly peopl'd, very pleafantly jafcelinui de

This Liffy is certainly mentioned in Pto- 'ituated-, and well fupply'd with Fifh from the rr-Furmfio in the
ver and the fea : famum for trade, and for thofe^f or $ Pa
"
*
lemy, though the carelcfsnefs of Librarians has
depriv'd proper place. Fur the rivei jweet plains, oaky woods, and fine parks, fo enter-*'"
it of its
'

rum Anglica*
Libnim is defcrib'd in the Copies of Ptolemy, about it. Thus alio vVilliam of rum, cap. 26. New
to lie in the fame latitude on the other fide or j cow, Divelm a Maritime City, is the Metro- 1

*The Bayofthe Ifland ; where there is no iuch river olis oj Ireland; it enjoys the benefit of a famom
siigo, fays and therefore now, with the Reader's leave, let uarbour ; and, for trade and concourfe of merchants,
Ware. jt he re-call'd, and reflor'd to its Eblana. Con ivals our London. Its (ituation 15 particularly
cerning this River, Necham writes, pleafant and whoifom ; having hills on the fouth,
plains on the weft, the Sea hard by on the eaff,
and the river Liffy \, where Ships ride fafely.f On the
Vtfcera Caftle-Knoc non dedignatur Aven- PThis river was heretofore the bound to the north, C.
Lif, north ; but the City is fo much enlarged, efpe-
Jftum Dublini fufcipit unda maris. cially on the north-iide, that now it runs al-
inoft in the middle of it."l Upon the river,
1nere are Kaie* (as we call them) or certain
Nor thee, poor Cafile-Knock, does Liffy Banks ft up to break the violence of the wa-
fcorn, ter. For Cautre, among the ancients, fignined
Whofe ftream at Dublin to the Ocean's to refrain, cheeky or hinder, as the moft learned AiAufonMb,
born. Scaliger has obierv'd. Here the City-v/all be- 2,{ 22 - '

gins ; well built of tree-done, and fortified on

the fouth with rampires it his fix gates, which :

For Dublin but feven miles from the mouth open into large Suburbs on all fides.
is
of it, eminent, and memorable, above all the The Entrance on the '* Eaft, is by Dammes- * South, C,
Cities of Ireland ; the fame which Ptolemy gate ; near which ftands the King's cattle upon

Eblana ' Dub- ca * ,s ^lana, we Develin, the Latins Dublini- a riling ground, well tortificd with ditches and
lin. um and Dublinia, the Welfh Dims Dulin, the towers, and provided with a good Arfenal it :

Saxons Dufiin, and the Irifh Balacleigh, that is, was built by Henry Loundres, Archbifhop, about
a Town upon Hurdles ; for fo they think the the year 1220. In the Suburbs on the eaft-
foundation lies, the ground being loft and quag- fide, near St. Andrew's Church, Henry the fe-
gy like SeviU in Spain, that is faid by Ilidore cond, King of England (as Hoveden fays,) caufed
:

to be fo cali'd, becaufe it flood upon pales fa- a royal palace to be built of fmouth wattles very
ttened in ground which was loofe and fen- curioufly contrivd, after the manner of this Country
ny. As for the Antiquity of Dublin, I have met and here, with the Kings and Princes of Ireland, I

with nothing certain concerning it but, that the he kept his Chriftmas in great folemnity.
;

City muff be very ancient, I am fatisfy'd upon Over-againlt it, (lands a tine College (on the
Ptolemy's authority. Saxv Grammarian tells fame fpot, where Al'hallows- Mona/lery heretofore Allhallow?-
ftood)Monallery
 ;

1367 LE1NSTER. 1368

Umverfity
flood) dedicated to the Undivided andHoly Trinity jirjl Biflnf 4 Dublin, to build a Church in honour
and endowed with the privileges ot an Univerfity of the Holy Trinity ; and not only that, but gold and
founded in °y Queen khzabeth memory f
ot blefled Shier Jufjicimt for the defign, and to
finifi the
i59i,Jt% 13. education ot youth, and * turnifh'd with an * Church-yard. This was done about the year *
Curia.
Students ad- excellent Library ; all which give no fmall 1012 at which time tamarvanenfs affirms, that
;
mined m the hopes tnat & e
jjg{ 011 aIU[ Learning, will, t after Shriek fon of Abkic (fo he calls him) did flou-

* Lately C. a ' on S cx ^> return to Ireland, to which fo- r- ifh The work was begun by Donatus, but
' -

f So laid, reigners once reforted, as to the great Mart of finifll'd by Laurence, Archbifhop of Dublin,
ann. 1607. liberal Arts and Sciences. In the reign of Ed Richard Strongbox Earl of Pembroke (common-
1320. ward the fecond, Alexander Bicknor, Archbifhop ly call'd Comes Slrigulia, whofe tomb, repair'd
Ba' of Dublin, firft began to recall them having by Henry Sidney Lord Deputy, is to be feen
;
^wrff °fi
obtained of the Pope the Privileges of an Uni- here ; ) Robert Fttc-Stephens, and Reimtmd Gi-
verfity tor this place, and inftituted publick rald.
Lectures but this laudable defign was defeated
: On the fouth fide of the Church, ftands the
by the turbulent times that followed. Town-hall, built ot fquare Clone, and call'd
The north-gate opens towards the brii ^ Toleftale, where Caufes are try'd before the May-ToMafe.
which is arched, and was built of free-ftone or, and where the publick meetings of the Ci-
by King John, who joyned Oufiman-to-ism to the tizens are held. The City enjoys many Privi-
City. For here, the Ouftmanni, which Giral- leges. Formerly, it was pvern'd in chief by a
dus fays came from Norway and thofe Nor- Provoft ; but in the year i oj, King Henry the
4
thern Klands, fettled (according to our Hifto- fourth gave them the privilege of choofing eve-
ries) about the year iojo. In this Suburbs, ry year a Mayor, with two Bailiffs, and of
flood formerly the famous Church of St. Mary carrying a gilt Sword 'before him. Afterwards,
de Ouftmanby (tor fo it is call'd in King John's King Edward the fixth changed thefe Bailiffs
Charter; ) and alfo a Houfe of Black Friers- into Sheriffs. There is nothing wanting to the
* Lately, C. whither the Courts af Judicature were * tranf- grandeur and happinefs of this City, but the
Kings-Ian*.fer*d. [This is now call'd The King's- Inns, and removal of thofe heaps of Sand, that by the
here the Judges and Lawyers meet in Commons ebbing and flowing of the Sea, are wafh'd into
one week in every Term. But as to the Coui the mouth of the river Liffj, and hinder great
of Judicature, they are now removed near Ships from coming up, except at high water.
Chrift-Church, to a fumptuous Fabrick ere- Thus mucli of Dublin ; the account of
cted for that purpofe.] which I confefs to be moftly owing to the di-
On the weft part of Dublin, are two gates, ligence and learning of James UJher, Chancel-
Ormonds-gate, and Newgate (which is the common lor of St. Patrick's ; whofe Knowledge and
Judg-
Gaol,) both leading to the longeft Suburbs ot ment, are very far beyond his years
this City, named St. Thomas, where ftands al- As tor Robert Vere Earl of Oxford, whom
Marquifs of
fo a noble Abbey ot the fame name, Called Tho- Richard the fecond (who was very profufe in Dublin.
Thomas mas Court I founded and endow'd with large beftowing titles of honour) made Marquifs of
Court. revenues by King Henry the fecond, to atone Dublin, and afterwards Duke of Ireland; I have
for the death of Thomas Archbifhop of Can- fpoken of him before, and need not repeat it here.
terbury ; fbut now turn'd into Houfes and T In the year 1046, while they were w,„, Ant.
Streets.! working the lines of Fortification in the Eaft-p. 152. '

On
the South, we enter by St. Paul's gate, Suburbs of Dublin, they dug-up an ancient
and that call'd St. Nicholas, which opens into Sepulchre built of eight Marble Stones, where-
St. Patrick's Suburbs, where ftands the Palace of of two covered, and the reft fupported it.
the Archbifhop, known by the name of St. Se- Therein, was found a great quantity of Coals,"'- Warm.
pulcker, with a ftately Church dedicated to St, Afhes, and Bones of men, fome burnt,
fome Df- "- M
* Opcre inte- Patrick, and famous * for the curious \vork- half-burnt ; and, on that account, it is reckon'd Lib *' '

fl'mo. manfhip within, and for its ft one-pavements. to have belongU to the Danes, and to have
arch'd roof, and high fleeple. It is uncertain been built for fome of their Nobility,
before
when this Church was firft built; but that they became Chriftians.1
Gregory King of Scots, about the year Where the river Lit/) runs into the Sea, ftands
\ A&.tam at-\ came in pilgrimage to it, is plain trom the Houth, almoft ellcompaffed by the Salt-water ; Baronsffl>«ij5.
eefftjfc.
Scotch Hiftory. Afterwards it was much en- which gives the title of Baron to the noble Stl laur e»ce.
larged by King John, and made a Church of family of St. Laurence, who have liv'd there fo
Prebendaries by John Comyn Archbifhop of happy, that in a long leries of fucceffors (for
Dublin ; which was confirmed by Pope Ccele- they carry their pedigree as high as Henry the
fline the third, in the year iiqz. After that. feventh,) no one, as it is * faid, has been ever
at-» Ann 1607
Henry Loundres, his fuccellbr in the See of Dub- tainted of treafon, or left a Minor. At a lit-
* Perfina- lin, augmented it with Dignities of * Parfonages. diftance from hence is Malehid, eminent tbr
tle
Mll , h;cJ
tuum. a s the words of the Founder are ; and, in im- Lords the Talbots, an Englifh family.
its
munities, orders, and cuftoms, made it confor- (Near the Shote of Dublin, is the Ifland of
Warc% A„t.
mable to the Church of Salisbury. At where the learned Antiquary of this p. 26.
prefent, Lambay,
it confifis of a Dean, a Chanter, a Chancellor, Nation hath placed the Limnum of
Ptolemy
a Treafurer, two Archdeacons, and twenty as agreeing better, both in name and fituati-
two Prebendaries ; the only light and lamp (not 011, than Ramfey-Ifland, where it was placed
Stat. Pad. 18 Co conceal a very noble Character which a Par- before.!
Hen. 8.f. 15. liament of this Kingdom gave it) of all pious More inward, to the north, ftands FmgaU, FlngiH.
and Ecclefwfiical difciplim and order, in Ire- which isanlriih word, and figiuflesa nation of
land. Foreigners (for they call the Englifh, Gall, i. e.
Here isalfo another Cathedral Church in the Strangers, and Saiflbnei, i.e. Saxons;)
a fmall
very heart of the City, dedicated to the Holy territory, well cultivated, and as it were
the
Trinity, but commonly call'd Chrifl's Church. granary of this Kingdom, it yields fuch plenti-
Concerning it's foundation, we have this paflage ful crops every year. Here, the earth as it
in the Archives of that Church. Sitric King oj were meets and encourages the labour
of the
Dublin, Jon of Ableb Count of Dublin, gave a piece husband-man ; but in fome other parts of
of ground to the Holy Trinity, and to Donatui the the Ifland it is fonegleiled, that it feems to com-
plain
 ;

1^69 MET H. :37c

plain of the. floth and idlenefs of the Inhabi- Thus much, as bricHy as I could, of Leinfter,
' Ann. ifio^tants. There * are fcatter'd up and down this which formerly went no farther. I know not
County, many eminent families of the Englifh whether I deferve to be thankM or Laugh'd at,
:

as, befides thofe but now mention'd, the if I tell you how T'bowas Stukely, when he \iadj%^miSS
Phmkets, Barmuelh, Rujfels, 'falbots, Dilhms, Net- loft his reputation and fortune, both in England
stuielj.

tervil/s, Holy-woods, Tjuttereh, Five-Wil- and Ireland, and efcap'd the juflice of the Law,
Burnetts,
liams, Golditigs, Ujhers^ Cadleys, Finglafes, Say did by fair promifes and big words
inlinuate

felds, Blackneys, Cruces3 Baths, &cc. \0( whom, iiimfelf fo much into the favour of Pope Gre-
the Plunkets, Bamwel/s, Lutterels, Ft tz,- Williams, gory the thirteenth, that he conferr'd upon him
'Talbots, Dillons, NetterviUs, and UJbers, are ftill the titles of Marquis of Lemjler, Earl of Wcisfortl

in a rlourifhing condition. In this County, the md Caterlagh, V'il count Murrough, and Baron of
Honourable title of Earl of Bellomont is veiled Rofs and Ydron. Thus, exalted with thefe pom-
Swords. n the family of Coote ; that of Vifcount Swords
i pous titles, and intending to invade Ireland,
Family of Molefworth ; that of Vifcount
in the he turn'd into Africa, and together with three
Kingflarid.A'w.g/ZflW, in the Family of Barnwall; tHat of Kings was fhin in one battle ; and fo ended a
Merion. Vifcount Fhz,-Williams of Morion, in the Romahtick Life honourably enough.
Family of Fitz-Williams ; that of Vifcount
Ratbcoote Rnthoote, in the family of Tracy j and that of
Santry. ' Baron Santry, in the Family of Barry.]

M ET H.

I
HE remaining part of the which is well flock'd with cattle The County is alfo :

Country of the Eblani, was wellfurnifh'd with fijb and fiefh, and other
victuals,
well water d with
formerly a Kingdom, and the as batter, cheefe, and milk and ;

fifth part of Ireland call'd in rivers.

;
The fiiuation is pleafant, and the air whol-
Irifh Mijh, in Englifh Methe, fom. By reafon of woods and mayflies in the borders
that,
and by Giraldus Midia and of it, the entrance, or accefs, is difficult; fo
_ Media ; poflibly, becaufe it for the great number of inhabitants, and
the firength

lay in the very middle of the Ifland. For they of its towns and cajlles, it is commonly (on account of
call'd the Chamber of Ireland.
fay that Kil-lair, a Caftle in thefe parts (which the Peace it enjoys)
* our Fathers, when the .
feems to be Ptolemy's Laberus, as the name it vVithin the memory of So ^.j "
Country was too large to be govcra'd by one an „, , 6o7
felf intimates) is as it were the Novel of Ire-
for the more eafie adminiifration of
land ; and Lair in Irifh fignifics the middle. Sheriff;
This Mali [(comprehending alfo Weft-Meath uftice, it was, by Act of Parliament, in the
and Longford,)] extends from the Irifh Sea to thirty eighth year of Henry the eighth, divi-
Mali, and
the river Shanon. Tie foil (as Barthoi. Anglicus ded into two, vix,. the County of
tells us) yields plenty of corn, and goad (afture the County of Wifl- Meth.

The County of METH.

noble river riling in the
I,H E County of Mali, on the Giraldus, Boandus, a
through
South, bounds upon the Coun- North fide of the King's County, runs
ty of Kildare on the Eait,
;
the middle of it. In the hither part, on this
upon the County of Dublin fide the Boyn, the places molt memorable are

and the Sea ; on the North, Galtrim, where the Family of the Hnfeys * did' Have long
upon the County of Louth ;
long dwell; Killm-Caflle, built by Hugh Lacy, dwelt, C.
and on the Wert, upon the Governor of Ireland in Henry the fecond'sj^J'™"-
County of Weft-Meth. The whole is fubdi- time ; and Dunfany, which \ had its Barons of D |, n (?'
Parliament, eminent for their antient Nobility, ^ Has, C.
vided into eighteen Earonies, Duelehe, Scrim,
and defended from the Plontas : others derive
Slam, Margallen, Navan, Kenles, the moiety of
but their Arms are the
the Baronyof Fower near Kenles, Killalou, them from the Danes ;
Old-caftle, Luyn., fame, only in different
colours, with thofe of Allan
Demote, Clove, Moylagh, Loghtrn,
and Duubcyn. Phnket of Kilfeck in England; who was alfo a
Moyfeuraragbe, Deefe, Rathtouth, ^

Thefe IIP/on- 1| See fi^air,

Boyn, call'd in Ptolemy Euiiinda, and in Baron in Edward
the lirft's time.
*. Beyn.
The
8 L
hits
 ;

i37' LEINST ER. *372

lets have been very eminent, ever
in Ireland courfe for fome miles, falls into the fea near
firice Cbriflopher Phuket (a perfon
of great valour Drogbeda. And what if one ifiould think that,
andwifdom, who was Deputy to Richard Duke this river was fo calfd from its rapid ftream >
of York, Viceroy in Henry the fixth's time) tor Mean not only in Irifh, but in Britifh alfo,
wasrais'd to the dignity of Baron of Killir iignifies
h fiuifi and our Countryman Necham
;
which came to him by his wife, as heir to the lings thus of it,
Family of the Cujakei and his fecond fon had
;

n Dun- thetitle of Baron of Dunjany confer'd upon him,

Ecce Eoan qui Trim celer influit, ijlius Midas
for his great worth and valour.
Subdere fe falfis Drogheda cernit aquis.
Trim- Beyond the Eoyn, Hands Trmletjlom, which
leclfoi is a Barony belonging to one of the Family of
mvd!. the Bamwells.
See, how fwift Eoyn to Trim cuts out his
For John Barnwell was made a way I

Baron of Parliament by King Edward the See, how at Drogheda he joyns the Sea.
ViTcoents Then Gorman/Ion, which has its * ho-
fourth.
Corm.in- norary Vifcounts, defcended from the Preflom (This
is the river, famous in our modern Hi-
'^7,™ ra ;l« <;'rLal! ra(hl^e, as ic is thoo g ht> and who have iiories, for the Victory obtained on the banks
deferv d exceeding well of their King and of
Immtrin. it, by King IVittiam the third, over King
Barons .star. Country ; and Slam, which has alfo its Barons, James the fecond
and the Irifh, on the firlt
oi the Family of the Flemings; among whom
day of July n5oo ; and very lately the Right
t Alioy, c. is t Atbbay, a populous Market-town. The Honourable Guflavus, Baron Hamilton of
Eoyn, after it has pafled Glan-Iores, i. e. the land
Stackall-.n, hath been advanced to the
oj the fins of George (who was of the Family ol
honour
of Vifcount Boyne.
the Birminghams, and whofe heir by marriage
At a place called Dardifimne, about two Phil
Carhra brought a fair Eftate, witii the Caille of Car- miles from xffi
Drogheda, were found in digging, N. 227.
Tri m. bray, to the Pre/Ions,) it arrives at Trim, a
noted three heads, with horns prodigioufiy large,
little Market-town, -where William
of the
Pepard built Deer kind; and many mote of the
like kind
a Caftle.

titles
felves
'This was an ancient Barony of the have

^•J^^^JrSl^jL^ rjff
of the
who Dukes
Lords of Trim.
of York,
After that, it runs b\
been alfo found in other parts of Ireland

wrote them
thorns of the ^
ays, bear no more proportion, than thofe ot
the fmallefl: young Fawn, do to the largeft ovep-
Buck now a

Navan. Navan, which has its Baron or Baronet, but

grown Buck. They are commonly called by the
not Parliamentary, and is honour'd with the
People Elcbe's-horns, but thefe, upon the compa-
ordinary refidence of the Biffiop of this Dio-
rifon, appear to be different in figure,
cefe, who has row no Cathedral Church. and much
nferior in file ; and no defcription of
the
f nor Dean, nor Chapter, 1 but afls in ali 10ms ol fuch Animals in any other Country, is
matters with the aiTent of the Clergy
of Metb. found to agree fo well with thefe, as that of the
His See feems to have been at Cluanavard,
AAo/s-Deer in the Weft-Indies, with exceeding.
call d alfo Clunart ; where Hugh Lacy formerly jair horns with broad Palms, Jome
'of them two fa-
II Jpifltlhii. built a Caftle for thus yve find it
:
in the Apo- limn or twelve foot from the tip 0/ one horn to the n^'e*
||

ftohcal Letters, Epifopus Midcnfis Jive Climaiar- landVarifies;

other, i.e. only fourteen inches wider than
fome
denjisj and corruptly, as it feems, in a Roman of thefe. 1
Ware Ant. Provincial, Elnamirand. TThe truth of that 'The families of greateil note in this County
p. 128. matter, is thus: In Meath, were heretofore
{bolides thofe already mention'd, viz.. the
many Epifcopal Sees, as, Clonard, Damleag, Phukets,
Flemings, Eamwells, and Hujfeys,) are
Kenlis, Trim, Ardbraccan, Donfiaghlin, and Slave,
the Darceys, Cufahes, * Dillons, Ber;nimbams„
with others of lefs note ; all which (except two, ( ReCrnm
De la Hides, Netervills, Garvies, Cadells,tlVel-rml
Damleag and Kenlis) were united, and their Jons, Cnfes,
Drakes, Lloyds, and Jones,! others,
common Seat conftituted at Clonard; as
thole v. ho, I hope, will pardon me for omitting
their
tvyo were alfo afterwards united. The firfl names ; as well as thofe I mention here and
Bifhop of Clonard, was the famous St. Finian or
elfewhere, if I place them not exadly according
Finan, who, with his Epifcopal See, inilituted to
their feyeral degrees and qualities.
a School or Academy in this place,
wherein [This County gives the title of Earl to the Ho-
many perfons, afterwards eminent for Piety nourable
Family of Brabazm ; and within it fe-
and Learning, received their Education. Tbi
veral other Nobie Families have alfo their
laft oftheBifhopsof thisDiocefe,
refpe-
who fat ai ftive Titles of Honour; Cholmondley, that of
Clonard, was Simon de Rochfirt, who, like his
Vifcount Kells; Grimfton, that of Baronof Dun-
Predeceffor Eugenius, changed his Style,
and boyne and Vifcount Grimfton ; Bellew, that of K „
was called Bifhop of Meath, as all his Succeffors Baron n t
Bellew of Doleek ; and Aylmcr, that of £",
have been to this day.l J"''
~° *•
Baron Balrath.l
The Boyn now grown larger, after a fpeedy

The
 373 LONGFORD, x
374>

The County of WE S T-M E T K

HE^ County of Weft- Meth, k ing him felf a Spaniard, That he liked then'.
cail'd in refpetft
of the former better than Britijh names fo the Irifh admire
;

upon which it borders to the thefe more than the Englifh names, and one of
Weft, comes up to the Shanon, cheir great men was wont to fay, he would not
and between the King's learn Englifh, left it fhould fet his m >uth awry,
lies

County on the South, and th Thus, all are partial to themfelves, and being
County of Longford on th immoderately ple.is'd with their own, defpife
North. It is not inferior to either, in fruitful the reft of the world.
nefs, number of inhabitants, or any other ad- Meth had its Kings in old time, or rather
• So raid, vantage, * except neatnefs and good breeding Petty Kings; and SUnius,
the Monarch of Ire-
ann. 1607.
Molingar, by AcT: of Parliament, was made the land, as it is faid, appropriated the rev-nues of
Molir
head town of this County lying about the ihis County to fupply proviiions for his own
;

middle of it. The whole is divided into twelve table. But when the Englifh got
footing in the
Baronies; Fertulogb, where the Tirells live; Kingdom, Hugh Lacy conquer'd
the greateffc
the feat of the Darcies
Ferbille, Dehitt, which part of this County, and King Henry the fecond
;

gives the title of

Baron to the Noge nts, a famous gave it him in fee, with the title of Lord o/'Lorrh
Earons tf
Drtvii\ Englifh family, defcended from Gilbert Nugent, Meth; who in the building of Al t( '

Denoanh Caft/e.
''

whom Hugh Lacy, (who conquer'd Meth)

nd his head itruck off by" a Carpenter, as he
confideration of his great fervices in the wars was ftooping down to give hi n
directions.
of Ireland, rewarded with thefe Lands and This Hugh had two fons, Hugh Earl of Ul-
thofe of Fumy as that learned Gentleman [Tier, of whom more hereafter ; and
;
IVaher L01 d
Richard Stanihur/i has obferv'd. Then, the of Trim, who had a fon Gilbert, that dy\iinthe
Ann. 1607. Furrey aforefaid, as alfo Corkery, where the No- lite-time
of his father. By the daugtiters of
gents dwell ; Moyajfel, the territory of the this Gilbert, viz, Margaret
and Miud, one Half
Tuts and Nogents Maghertiernan, of the Pe- of this eflate, by the Genevilh (who are fn'd to Gene "vMlsf
;

tits and Tuts (who are very numerous;) May- be of the

Lorain Family) and by the Mortimers,
goify, of the Tuts and Nangles Rathcomire, of came to the Dukes of York, and io to the
;

the Daltons ; Magirquirke, of the Dillons, all Crown. For Peter de Genevill, Son of M,ud,
Englifh families alfo Clonklan, where the had a daughter nam'd
Joan, who was married
:

Ann. 1607,1
'•O-Malaghlins, who are of the old Royal Line to Roger Mortimer, Earl of Merch
the other :

of Meth ; and Moycaffel, where the Magohigans, half, by Margaret wife of John Verdon,
and by
native Irifh, do live ; with many others, called his Heirs, who were Conilables
of Ireland, Coii/tabfe* rf
by ftrange barbarous names. But however, as came at length to feveral families in
England. Ireland.
Martial the Poet faid, after he had reckon'd up ["This County hath afforded the title
of Earl to
certain barbarous Spanifli names of places, be- the Honourable family of Nugent^

The County of LONGFORD.

nO Wefl-Meth, on the North, in fome Copies Sacana ; and Giraldus,
Flumen ,, . 1
joyns the County of Longford ; Senenje. The Inhabitants thereabouts call it the shJml
which was redue'd into the form " Shannon, that is (as fome explain it)
the ancient * .w. <-

of aCannty by H. Sidney, Lord river. It rifes in the County of h

Trim, out of the
Deputy, * fome years ago. It mountains of Theme from
» So M, ;
was formerly called Anale Tor Southward, it grows very
whence, as it runs
ann. 1607. broad in fome places,
Annaly. Annaly,~\ and inhabited by like a Lake. Then, it contrafts it felf into a
O-Pbaroll. numerous family ot the O-Pharols [called O-Far narrow flream, and
after it has made a lake or
+ Are, C. rels{\ of which there t were two petty Princes, two, itgathers-in it felf again, and
II Djnitft. one in the South part, called O-Pharoll Boy, or
||
runs to M»tih*m Ma-
cohatm, mentioned in Ptolemy, now cail'd Male,
the Tellow ; and the other in the North, Mth.
cail'd as the learned Geographer G. mod has Mmatm
O-Pharoll Ban, i. e. the -white. ' Very few £n-
obferv'd. [But Sir James Ware declares, that Ant.
p.a/^
Ann. 1607, glifhmen live among them; and thofe who do, he could not find any place of that
name ; un-
are of a long ftanding.
lefs it may be Milick by the river
Shannon;
One fide of this County is water'd by the which is in the County of
Galwav.]
Shanon, the nobleft river in all Ireland; which Soon after, the Shannon is received by another
(as we obferved) runs between Meth and
Co- broad lake (called Lough Regith,) the name and
RiV. Senas. naught. Ptolemy calls it Serms, Orofius Sena, and fituation
whereof make it probable, that the
Sity
 ;

»375 LEINST ER. 3/S

Rigi*. City Rigia (which Ptolemy places in this Coun- Patricks-bill ; for fo Necham calls it in

try) flood not far off. When it has pafs'd this thefe Verfes upon the Shanon
lake, itcontra&s it felf again within its own
Fluminibus magnis latatur Hibcmia, Sineus
banks, and runs by the town of Athlon, of
Inter Connatiam, Momoniamq; fiuit.
which in its proper place. From hence the .

* Killalo 'franjit per muros Limeytci, Knoc Patric*7/«7»

'
KiUolo:, C, Shanon, having pafled the Cataract at
Oceani claufwn jub ditione videt.
(of which I fhall take notice by and by,) carries
fhips of the greateft burthen; and, dividing its Great ftreams do Ireland's happy trads adorn,
ftream, encompafles the city of Limerick, of Shanon between Conaugbt and Munflers born.
which 1 have fpoken already. From hence By Limerick's walls he cuts his boundlels way,
J
a ctireft courfe of threefcore miles (wherein it And at Knot-Patrick's fhore is loft i' th lea.

makes an liland here and there, and is broad;

and deep) it runs very fwiftly to the Weft fThc right honourable family of Aungier
of Long-
Where-ever it is fordable at low water, it has enjoy the title of Earls of Longford; and that of Earl
been guarded with little Forts by our provident Boyle, the title of Vifcounts Shanon. Alfo Gra- y [^ shanon.
forefathers, to fecure the country again ft inroads nard gives the title of Earl to the Family of Granard.
and plunder. Then, it falls from a huge mouth Forbes; and Lanesborongh the title of Vifcount to Lanesbo-
rou S h
f Called by into the f Weftern Ocean, beyond Kkoc-Patrkk, the Family of Lane.l -

others Mare
Brtdanicum.

CONAGHT.
377
l
37 s

> Ji'AKtij .«»"»;'-.>' . . v '

'

C O N A G H T-
H& fourth part of Ireland,which looks weflward, and is endofed with the river
and the * out-let of Lough Erne (by fome called Trovis, by others* Ewijfario.
Shanon,
Bana, ) and with the Weflern Ocean ; is called by Giraldus Cambrenfis, Co-
naghtia and Conacia, by the Englifh Conaght, and by the Irijh Conaghty.
Antiently, as appears from Ptolemy* the Gangani, otherwife called the Concani,
Aureri, and Nagnata:, dwelt here. Thefe Concani or Gangani ( defended, confani.'
like the Luceni, their neighbours, from the Lucenfii of Spain) are probably ,Auteri.
from the affinity and nearnefs both of names and places, deriv'd from the Concani Nagnatx.
of Spain, who in different Copies of Strabo are writ Coniaci, flWConifci "Thefe :

were originally Scythians, and drank the blood

of horfes, as Silius tells us: a thing not unufual heretofore
among the wild Irifh.

£t qui Meflagetem monflrans feritate parentem,

Cornipedis tufa fatiaris, Concane, vena.

Concans that prove themfelves o/'Scythian flrain,

And horfe's blood drink from the reeking "vein.

And Horace alfo>

Et la:tum equino fanguine Concanum.

And Concans warm with horfe's blood,

Unlefs Conaughty, the Irifh name, may be thought to be a compound of Concani and Nagnata;. The
Country, as in fome places it is pleafant andfuhful, fo in others which are wet and marfhy (called Boghs,
from their foftnefs, which are common alfo in other parts of this I/land,) it is dangerous but produces good
grafs, and very much wood. The Sea-coaft has fo many bays and navigable rivers in it, that it feems to
invite the inhabitants to Navigation. However, thefe advantages have not that effell upon a people foe r j
charm d with floth and idlenefs, that they had much rather go from door to door, than labour for their living
3.^160-7
in an honefl way. At prefent, it is divided into thefe Counties, Twomond or Clare, Gallway, Maio,
Slego, Letrim, and Rofcoman.
The forementioned Concani peoptd the South part of Conaght, where are now the Counties
of Two-
mond or Clare, Gallway, the Territory of Clan-Richard, and the Barony of Atti-rith.

8M TWO-
 1379 CONAGHT. 138c

TWO MO ND, or the County of CLARE.

Woman or 1-ivomond, call'd by could be drawn round it, the river would bring
Giraldus T'huetmonia, and by up Ships much higher, to the great benefit or
the Irifh Toiuown, i. e. the the Country. Not far from the Shanon, fiands
North- Maunfter ; fhoots out Bunraty, for which Robert Mufcegros obtained Bunraty.
into the fea with a very great the privilege of a Market and Fair, from Hen-
Promontory, which tapers by ry the third ; and after he had fortified it with
little and little. Though it a Caftle, he gave it to King Edward, who
lye beyond the Shanon, it was falwaysl counted granted this and the whole County to Richard
within Momfter, tell Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy, Clare, already mention'd. Seven miles from
laid it to Conaght. On the Eaft and South fide, hence, ftands Clare ["(oncel the chief town of Clare,
it is enclofed by the winding courfe of the the County) upon a Creek of the Shanon that
Shanon, waxing bigger and bigger j on the is full of Iilands. *
; and thefe were the only two-f- Are, C.
Weft, it is fo fliut up by the Sea, and on the Market-towns in the County. fBut at this
North by the County of Gallway, that there is day, they are mean Villages and Emits is the
;

no coming to it by land, but through the Shire-Town, and by much the belt in the
ritory of Clan-Richard. Neither the Sea nor County.l Many of the Englifh who were for-
the Soil would be wanting to the happinefs of merly transplanted hither, are either rooted
this County, if the Inhabitants would contri- out, * or turn'd Irifh. fFrom KUmurry, the * Vel degcKc
bute their pains ;which was formerly endea- Family of Needham take the honourable title rJ^ at'
vour'd by Robert de Muftegm, an Englifh Gen- of Vifcount ; and Killard gives that of Baron KiHani/"
tleman, and by Richard Clare, and T'homas Clare to the Family of Allmgton,']
younger fons of the family of the Earls of Glo- This County fwas under the Government + At prefers
cefter, to whom Edward the firft. gave this of the Irifh, the Mac\\-Nemamss Mac-Mahow, ^-^^ 1

County: They built many Towns and Caftles, * O-Loghtons, and the moft powerful of all, the * Nore"'^
r c "

and exhorted the Natives to a more fociable kind O-Briens, defcended from the ancient petty this name,
of" Life. From their name, the head town of Kings ot Conaght, or, as themfelves fay, from row of an 7
the County is call'd Clare, which is now the Seat
of the Earl of Twomond, and gives name to the
the Monarchs of Ireland. Of thefe, Mor ogh
O-Brien-was the firfl: Earl of Tu-omond who m
,
° T g
;
~ ^^ >

t
m
County of Clare. The Places of note, are, had that honour given him by King Henry
Kiljennerag, Tin Latin Fenaborenjis, heretofore a the eighth for term of life, and after, to his
c
Bifhop'sSee, and now united to Tuam;'\ and Nephew Donogh, who was made at the fame
Killahe ( or Laonenjis ) fftilll a Eifhop's See. time Baron of Ibercan : he fucceeded him in
This, in the Roman Provincial, is call'd Laden- the Earldom, and was flain by his brother
th
fa, fand, about the end of the 12 Century, Donell. Comiogher Q-Brim, fon or this Donogh,
the See or Rofcree was united to it, which was the third Earl, and father of Donogh, the
made it a large Diocefe, containing about a fourth Earl, who f gave his King and Coun-+Hath given,
hundred Parifh-Churches, befides Chapels.l try moft ample proofs of his Loyalty and Va-C.
Here, a Rock fiands in the middle of the Sha- lour.
non, from whence the water falls with great TAt prefent, the right Honourable Henry
noife and violence ; and this rock hinders O-Brien is Earl of Twomond ; and another
Ships from failing further ; but if it could be honourable perfon, of the fame name, enjoys Earl of Inchi-
* Exftmdtre-
* cut through, or removed, or if the chanel the title of Earl of luchiauin.l
tier. quia.

The County of GALL WA T.

HE County of Gallway bor- Next, his-ceath, formerly famous for a Mo-
inis-ceath
ders on the Couth-fide upon naftery of Scots and Erglifh founded by Oilman,
Clare, on the weft upon the a perfon of great fanctity and his Bomnd, u 'j' h ° v[," a
:
-

Ocean, on the north upon which fignifiesin Scotch (as Bede

I' £)?'
explains it) 7
the County of Meath, and the ljle
of white heifers ; though the word is Eifi.
1the eail upon the river purely Britifh. This Monaflery was foon a-
Shanon. The Soil very well bandoned by the Englifh, who could not live
requites the pains of the husband-man and the peaceably and eafie with the Scots. More in-
fiiepherd. The weftern fhore is much chop'd ward, lies Lough Corks (where Ptolemy places Lough Co--
and dinted with little Bays, and bordered all the river Aufobo) about twenty miles in length, bcs -

along with a mixture of green Iflands and rug- and three or four in breadth. It is naviga-
ged rocks. Among them, are the four Iflands ble, and adorn'd with three hundred Iflands,
lues oCjrran. called Aryan, which make a Barony ; and which produce mucli grafs, and Pine-trees. To-
mention'd in Romances as the Iflands of the wards the Sea it grows narrow, and runs by
living. fFrom thefe, the right Honourable Gallway, in Irifh Gallive poffibly, from the r „
;

Charles Butler hath the title of Earl of Arrant Gallm in Spain. This is by far the moft emi- ollwv -
 ;

t
38
M A 10. 1362
ncnt City in the County, and at leaft the third Clan-Richard, i. e. the Sons or Tribe of Richard, Clan-Richard'
in the Kingdom. and fair-built of" or the Land of the Sons of Richard, borders upon £* rl Cla "
It is neat,
Rtcharj-
iolid Stone, of an oval form, and tower-like thefe, and is reckonM within this County.
;

and Twas once] famous for a Bifhop's See. By They take their name, after the Irifli manner,
reafon of its harbour and the rbremention'd from one Richard, of an Englifh Family lir-
road juft under, it has abundance of Mer- nam'd De Burgo, which afterwards came to have
chants, and is enrich 'd by a great trade in ma- great authority and intereft in thefe parts. U-
ny Commodities, by Sea and Land. TNow, it Ikk de Burgo of this Family was by Henry the
is not the See of a Bifhop, but is within the ighth made Earl of Clan-Richard ; whofe el-
Archbiflioprick of Tuam though the Warden deft fon enjoys the title of * Dun-Kellin. He * Inhfcilfn,
;

of Gal-may hath contefted the Jurifdiction, pre- had a fon Richard, the fecoud Earl, whofe
c*
tending it a Peculiar^ Scarce four miles from children (by feveral venters) involv'd their fa-
hence, flands Knoc-toe, i. e. A hill of hatchets ther, their country, and themfelves, in great
below which, the greatefl body of Rebels that troubles and difficulties. Richard, who died

riie battle ofhad been feen in Ireland, was drawn together old, was fucceeded by his fon UUck, the third
Kncc-toe, by William de Burgo, O-Brien, Mac-Nemare, and Earl, and father of Richard the fourth Earl,
i5*6 O-Carrall, and defeated, with great flaughter, whole untainted loyalty to the Englifh, and
by the famous Girald Earl of Kildare, who, great valour, were hgnaiiz'd at a time when
* Per inter' * at leveral times, was thirty three years Lord the Englifh Intereft was at it's loweft ebb. The
valla.
Deputy of Ireland. To the eaft, at no great Archbifhop of Toa?n's See lies in this County, Archbill,o-
diftance from hence, ftands Ateritb ( in which which had formerly feveral Epifcopal Sees underprick of
the name of the Auteri is Mill preferv'd ;) it; at prefent it hath thofe of
word Anagchony, * Du- Toam ||
-

is commonly call'd Athenry, and is enclosed

it and | Mam. The Bifhoprick of JLE "^?jg(,. &lW
with walls of agreat compafs, but thinly inha- cough (which is not mention'd in the old Pro- c fnr'y united .

It has had the honour of giving the vincial, unlefs the

bited. name there be corrupted) to Killalla. \\ ,

Duutnfis-*
Berming- title of Baron to the valiant John de Berming- as alfo the Bifhoprick of Clonfert, are both fa*
t0 on~
as I am inform'd,
1
ham. ham, an Englifhman of which family was the thefe ; parts, and under thc^" ^
Earl of Louth. However, thefe Berminghams of A- See of Tuam. ^ n Bifhop
\ Are, C. terith | were fo much degenerated into the fAs to Tuam, the firft Eifliop that fixed his of M&io, by
So faid, barbarity, that they hardly * own'd See here, was St. Jarlath, who Bourifiied in the that title. See
||
n Irifli
1
beginning of the fixth Century. Some ages
En S lifh r Buc rhe P refenC Lord ' :he
7 ' themfelvreS ,.
* Wn c
Own -
J**^ jiU9St
* * after, about the year 1152, the Cathedral was
heir-male of that Family, is a Protectant, and
new-built by Edan
a Perfon of great Probity and Honour. In Hoifin, the firft. Archbi-
fhop of Tuam who had the ufe of the Pall.
the Church of the Friers Predicants here, are
The Honourable
feveral Monuments of the Bifhops of Kilma- Family of Wenman have taken
cough, and others ; but the molt memorable is the title of Vifcount Tuam from this place JVifcount
that of William Bermingham, fiVd in the Wall. and as to the County, it hath given that oiTuam
Earl of Gallway to Henry de Maffue, a perfon Eiirl ot GaU
'
on the north-ride of the Altar.l
waj> '

x. Are C. The I"*h families of note in thefe parts of great wifdom and valour. Alio, the Ho-
:

\\o-Mahins t -\ were the O-Kellies, O-Maddens, * O-Flag- nourable Family of St. George enjoy the title of
||

C. hertys, Mac-Dervis, &c. fwho are much re- Barons St. George of Hatley.l Hatley.
*O.Flairm,
ducedJ

The County of MA I 0.

HE County of Maio lies up- Monaflery, which was nailed Magio by the Scots ;
1

on the Weftern Ocean ; boun- and jo he purchasd a fmail pflrt of it oj the Earl
ded on the South by the to whom it belong'd, that he might build a Monafte-
County of Gall-way, on the ry on it i with this condition annex'd, That the
Eaft by Rofcommon, and on the Monks reftdlng there, Jhould offer up Prayers for the
North by Slego. It is fertile, Earl, who had granted them a Seat. The Monaftery,
D pleafant, and well ftock'd with with the ajfiftance oj the Earl and the neighbours there-
Cattle, Deer, Hawks, and Honey. It is fo about s, was joonfinifij'd ; and (leaving the Scots in the
Epifcopal City, which Ifte of Bovind) he placed the Englifo there. The
calfd from Maio, a little

in the Roman At pre- Monaftery is to this day pojfefs'd by the Englift}, being
Provincial'^ writ Mageo.
its Metropolis, the grown much greater, and the fame
annex'd to which is ufit ally
fent this See is
and way of
Archbifhoprick of Toam ; and the neighbours calfd In Mago. Here, the Inflitution
"
live under the jurifdict-ion of the Bifhop of
f Living have been very much reform d ; fo that they
* Refpiciunt,
Tir-auley ; ffrom are now a moft regular Convent, being
all tranf-
Bifhoprick 'otKillaley, in the Barony of
living, by the
Killalsy. whence the Honourable Sir Charles O Hara hath planted thither out of England, and
under certain Rules
been advanced to the dignity of Baron of Ty labour of their own hands,
Baron Ty- and a Canonical Abbot, after the example oj the
rawly- rawly.]
Colman Bifhop ot ancient Fathers, with great continence and ftmpli-
miftake not,)
In Maio (if I
Bede About the year 11 ij. this Monaftery was
Ireland, founded a Monaftery ; as fays, city.

Englifh who had been educa- at laft repair'd, and continu'd in a flourishing
for about thirty
Monks, and brought over by him into Ire- ftate in King John's time, who by
his Letters
ted
of their
land. But let him fpeak in his own words. Patents confirm'd their title to feveral
-£. 4. C> 4. place in Ireland very proper for a Eflates. From hence, we meet with no other
Colman found a
I
place
 ;

*3 8 3 CON AG HT, 1384

Logh Mesk. place remarkable, but Log/j-Mesk, a large lofegh folv'd to employ all his thoughts and abilities
1

lull of Fifh, containing two fmali Iflands well to re-cflabliih the Regal Power, and overthrow
fortify M, and formerly belonging to the family the tyranny of this Mac-William and others j
de Burgo, or the Burks. wherein he perfevered,tho' often complain'd of
* There are This County is not fo * eminent for Towns, both to the Queen and the Lord Deputy. The
now feveral as for Inhabitants ; who are either of Irifh O- Burks and their dependants, who denied the
Bo^Towm rigiual^ as the O-Mailes, jfoies, \ Mac-vadujes authority of all Laws, took up arms againft
many of the or Scots tranfplanted from the Hebrides and the him ; drawing to their affiftance the Clan-Du-
Families are family of Donell, from thence called Clan-Do- nells, fries, -and others, who were alfo appre
decay'd.
__ _ ne ys ( yho are all Galloglafes, and a kind of h enure of danger to themfelves, and of the dl
+ Nore ° rt,us mercenary * Soldiers, armed with two ede'd minution of their authority. However, Bing-
name, now, /,, ,- -, , , , . ,

ofnoteliere. axeS all(i H coats ot mail; and who being tor- ham ealily fupprefs'd them, and fore'd their Ca-
Galbglafci. merly invited over by the Rebels, were rewar- ftles, and drove them to the woods and holes,
ded with Lands among them ; ) or elfe Englifh, till the Lord Deputy, upon their Petition,
>M
* Triarii
'

ZSthc Burks at orefaid > the defended commanded him by Letters to defift, and t&
\\Lor7c71nu
1
"* a " tt

Yet™ from Jordan of Exeter, the* Nangles of Caft- permit them to live quietly. But they who
* None, oP lough, and * Prendergeft of Clan-morris. But had hrft broken the peace, were fo far from a
thefe names, the moft powerful, are the Burks, who owe fenfe of the miferies of war, that they were
t!°"*
here.
° f n° te
^t r or ig*nal and glory to William., younger no fooner reftored., and had their lives given
Brother of Walter de Burgo, Earl of Ulfter. He them, but they took up arms again, made in-
was famous tor his bravery in the wars, and roads into the Country for fpoil, and put all
carry'd Prifoner into Scotland ; where leaving in confuiion ; laying, they would either have
his "wife a hoftage, he w'as difmifs'd, and vali- their Mac-WiUiam to rule over them, or fend
antly recover'd Conaught, out ot which the Eng- for one out ot Spain ; that they would admit
lifh had been banifh'd in his abfence by Phelim no Sheriff's for the future, nor be fubjec~t to
Connor. He flew Phelim O-Conor, Mac-Der- Laws : fo, they privately invited the Scots from
mond, and Tego O-Kdly, in battel ; and himfelf the Hebrides to their afullance, with a promifc
was at Iaft kill'd, in revenge, by Cormac Mac- of large Eftates. The Lord Deputy fent or-
Dermond. His Grandfoti Thomas (by his foil ders to the Governour to fupprefs thefe info-
Edmund, who was lirnam'd Albanach, from his knees ; who immediately thereupon ofr'er'd
birth in Scotland) feeing the fair Eftate of this them terms ; which being rejected, he drew an
family devolved upon Leonell Duke of Clarence Army together, and prefs'd them fo clofely in
by a female, was much concern 'd ; and draw the woods and forelts, that after fix or feven
ing together a defperate Body of men (who weeks grievous famine, they were forced to
are ever to be had in Ireland, as well as other fubmit. At the fame time, their reinforcement
places) entered by force upon the eftate of the from Scotland was upon their march, feeking
Earls of Munftcr in this County, and from his by-ways into the County of Maio ; but their
Grandfather, w'hofe Authority and Intereft motions were h well watched by the Gover-
mong them were frefli in their minds, called nour (who was night and day upon his march)
MaemSitm, hirafelE Mac-William, i.e. the Son of William. that at length at Ardnary he intercepted, en-
AfeSJSL His Poftenty under that title, did long ty- gag'd, and defeated them ; there being kill'd
Eughter. rannize over thefe parts, breaking in upon one or drown'd in the river Moat about three thou-
another with flaughters, and upon the poor fand. This Victory was not only glorious for
people with rapine and plunder ; fo that hard- the prefent, but of great confequence to after-
+ 1*, C. ly a Village t was left Handing, or unrifled by times, as having put an end to that rebellion,
||

\\Exlerfrm.
thfm and the title ot Mac-William, and cut off Do-
Richard Bingham, Governour of Conaught, a ne!! Gormy, and Alexander Carrogh, the foils of
fharp man, and fit to rule in fuch a fierce Pro- James Mac-Conell, with thofe Wanders, who a-
vince, thought this was not to be endured bove all others had infefted Ireland. Thefe things
wifely obferving that thefe practices were the have briefly related, though beyond my De-
caufes of rebellion, barbarity, and poverty in Jn ; fuch noble Exploits being a more proper
Ireland, and that they had fo far alienated the fubjeft for an Hiftorian.
affections of the Subjects from their Prince, that TThe honourable Family of Bourk, enjoy the
they hardly knew or acknowledged any other, title of Vifcount Mayo.'} Vifcount
* Pynaftss, but their own * Lords. Accordingly, he re- Map.

The
t 85
3
LETRIM. 1386

The County of SL E G 0.
;IGHER up, the County of thing therein that will contribute to God's glory, and Ghali.
Slego (very proper tor grazing,) the Salvation of the Country ; and let the people ofCambren. de
lies full upon the Sea ; boun- that Ifland receive you, and refpeB you as their Lord ;) Expagnaiionei

ded on the North by the Ri- till Pope Alexander the third, by another Di~ f 7 ^ 7 ' '

ver Trolls, which Ptolemy calls ploma, confirmed this right to the Kings of
Ravim,znd which fp rings from England.
For then, he grew more tame, and
the Lough Em in U liter. of terms
It willing to hear as we fhall obferve
;

is divided from Letrim and Rojcoman by the hereafter. The chief families in this County,
rugged Curlew-mountains and the river Sulcus. belides the O-Conors, * were, O-Don, t O-Hara," Are, C.
Nagnata. Hereabouts, Ptolemy places the City of Nagna- 0-Gara, and Muc-Donagh, fbut now few of+°-^ ar *'» c
||
*

||0-G*«r,C.
ta but I have not been able to difcover it. them are uf any coniiderable Fortune.
;

Libnius, riv. The fame Author has likewife the River Lib- A mile from C (He-Conner, in this County,^ .

turn in thefe parts, but mifpiac'd by error of the is a round hill ; an Entrance into which being „ lc l ) ^j,
tranfcribers, and a little above reduc'd to Dub- difcovered, and opened m the year £640, they
lin ; f(a!tho', the Learned Antiquary of this found, within it, quadrangular Chambers, made
kingdom, contends that the pofition is right.) ot great Stones, and arched ; the paffages to
The place which Ptolemy points at, is now which, are circular. To this, we may add the
Slego Bay.call'd the Bay of Slego, a creeky road for Ships Caves of the Hill ( or rather Rock) of Corren,

juft under the town ; which is the chief in this in the fame County j where, within a fteep and
Countv, andisadorn'd with a Caitle, now the almoft inacceflible Entrance, Antiquity hath
feat of" the O-Conmrs, who are firnamed de Sle- formed out of the very Rock many ftrange
go from this place, and defcended, as they fay. Habitations and Receifes. Before thefe Caves,
from that Rotherk O-Conor Dun, who was fo is a path of about one hundred paces long,
potent, that when the Englifh firft invaded cut Hkewife out of the Rock ; but whether
Ireland, he acted as Monarch of that King- this work (which they call the Giant's houfe,)
dom, and could hardly be brought to fubmit Was Info or Danifb, and for what ufe, either
to King Henry the fecond but, though he it or the fore mentioned Chambers, w ere made,
;
r

promise! fubmiffion, was eVer and anon railing is difficult to determin at this great diftance
a Rebellion. And, as an anonymous writer of of time.
that age fays, he was wont to exclaim againft We fhall only obferve further, that the Ho-
thefe words of Pope Adrian in his Diploma to nourable Family of Scudamore hath from hence
the King of England, as very injurious to derived the title of Vifcounts Slew.'] Vifcounts
2 A
n ' m (?ou may enter im ^mt !fl an d> an d do any Siege,
'
' "
cap'I'

The County of LETRIM.

EXTto Slego on the Eaft, Cattel are kept in this narrow County, that it
Breany.
g^ J^jj§J$8JIm lies Breany, which was the E- nas had above a hundred and twenty thoufand
flate of the ancient family of nead at one time. The Eifhoprick of Achonry,
O-Rorck, defcended from Ro- (now united to the See of * Killalla) lies in*EIphin, C,
therick, Monarch of Ireland, this County, as alfo the head of the Shanon,
(whom they_ call Rorck, after the chief river in Ireland which in a winding
;

their way of contracting;) and chanel, fometimes broad and fometimes narrow,
was enjoy *d by them, till Brien Rorck, Lord panes through fever al Counties ; as we have
ot Breany and Minterolife, was inveigled by the already obferved. The chief families, f were-f- Are, C.
Pope (Sixtpti Quintm) and the King of Spain the Rouks, O Murreies, Mac Lochleims, Mac
into a Rebellion againft Queen Elizabeth, Up- Glanchies, and Mac Granells, all pure Iriih ; This name,
\\
||
'

on which, he was prefently fore'd to feek re- [but now thofe Families are of fmall figure now tl,rn d >

fuge in Scotland ; from whence he was fent and fortune."!

into England, and hang'd there for his folly
Ind
John de Bitrgo, the fon of Richard Earl ofjj e>B0 /^_
S^
and rafhnefs. The Eftate being forfeited to Clan-Richard (who was created Baron of Letrim Baron Le-
the Crown, this territory was reduc'd into a by Queen Elizabeth, and foon after murder'd **'*»,
County by John Perron the Lord Deputy, and, by fome envious hands) took his title (as fome
from the head Town in it, call'd Letrim. This fay) from another place, and not from this
is a mountainous County, very rank in grafs, Letrim ; and I have not learn'd the truth of

but not fo much as to verifie that of Solinus, that matter. TBut at prefent, the title of Baron
Grafs grows fo plentifully in Ireland, that the Cat- of Letrim, is veiled in the Right Honourable
tle are certainly forfeited, if they are not now and Bennet Sherrard, now Earl of Har borough in En-
then hinder d from feeding. So many herds of gland.!

8 N The
 i
387 CONAGHT. >88

The County of ROSCOMA N.

;ELOW Letrim to the South, Seigniory of Mac-Derma ; ["but the Lands ofMac-Der-
lies the County of Rofcoman, the Barony are now the poSfeflion of Sir John m °t i«*fi re-
firft made fo by Henry Sidney King^ Next, the Barony of Balin Tobar upon r
j£l£%?'T <
'

Lord Deputy. It is of a great the Sue (where O Conor Dun\\ had the Chief n Ha S °q
length, but narrow bounded Power and Intereffc,) neighbouring upon the
;

on the weft by the river Sue, Bifhoprick of JSiftbin. Lower down lies £0/- Rofcoman,
on the eaft by the Shawn, and coman, [heretofore! the Barony of Conor Roo
?

Curlew- on the north by the Cwr/eto-mountain*. This that is, O Conor the red, wherein Hands 'the
mountains, is for the moft part a Grampian country ; and chief Town of this County: it is fortify 'd with a

is fertile, and well-ftock'd with Cattle, and caftle, built formerly by Robert Ufford, Chief 12 62.
ever plentiful in Corn by the help of a little Juftice of Ireland ; but the houfes of the Town
good husbandry. Towards the north, are the are all thatch'd. More to the fouth, lies Ath- Athlone,
Car/etu-mountains fteep, and heretofore unpaf- lone [heretofore! the Barony of the O-Kellies,
;

fable, till with much pains and difficulty a way and fo call'd from the principal Town in it,
was cut through them by George Bingham. They hich has a Caftle, a Garrifon, and a fair
are famous for the (laughter of Corners Clifford ftone-bridge, built within the memory of * this* So faid,
Governour of Conaught and of other brave age by Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy (to the great ann i 6c7- *

Veterans, who were cut off there by his neg- terror of the Rebels ) at the command of
ligence. There are [(befides the two half Ba- Queen Elizabeth, when fhe deiign'd to make
ronies of Ballymore and Moycarne,J\ four Baro- this the Seat of the Lord Deputy, as moft
Barony of mes in this County. FirSt, the Barony of Boile, convenient for the fuppre fling of Infurrecti-
Boils. under the Curlew-mountains upon the Sha- ons. [From hence, General Godart Ginkle had
non ; where formerly flood a famous Mona- the title of Earl confvr'd upon him by King Earl op Ath-
stery, founded in the year 1152, together with William the third, for his eminent Services in lone.
+Ts, C-the Abbey of Beatitude. This | was the the Wars of Ireland.

Phil. Trani". In this County, at the Abby of Clutnmacnos, is the following Sepulchral Infcription,
p.790. Vol.32.

Earl of JRs/*- From this County, the Family of Dillon hathlcommow and another Family, of the fame name,
;

common, honourable title of Earl of Rof-knjoys the title of Vifcount Caftellogalkn.~\ Caftellog;
derived tire

The Lords of CONAGHT.

T appears by the Irifh Hifto- Straits, that he was fain to acknowledge him-
ries, that Turlogb O-Mor O- felf a liege-man of the King oj England, Jo as tOR C x_ jfov. an.
Conor formerly reign'd over ferve him faithfully as his man, and-pay him year- 1175. />• 312.
Country, and divided it
this ly for every ten head of cattle, one faleable hide,

between his two fons Cahel and &c. Yet, by the grant of King John, he vwsctauf. 7
Brim. But when the EngHfh to have and to hold the third part of Conaght Joannit.
invaded Ireland, it was go- to him and his heirs by the payment of one hun-
vern'd by Rotheric, under the title of Monarch dred marks. However, this County was firft

of Ireland ; who being apprehenfive of the
Englifh Power, Submitted himfelf to King
Henry the Second, without the hazard of a
battle. Soon after he revolted, and thereupon
Conaght was firft invaded by Milo-Cogan an
Englishman, but without fuccefs. However,
the King of Conaght was reduced to Such
fubdu'd and civiliz'd by WiUiam Fitz,-Adelme y
fwhofe poftcrity are the De Burgo's in Latin,
or, as the Irifli call them, the Burks andBourks,)
Robert Mufcegros, Gilbert Clare Earl of Gloce-
Ster, and William de Bermingham. William de
Burgo or Bourks and his pofterity, under the
title of Lords of Conaght, governed this and
the
1389 Lords of CONAGHT. 39°
the Province of Ulfter^ for a long time, in own, and by little and little degenerated in-
peace ; and enjoy *d confiderable Revenues there- to the Irifh barbarity. Thofe of them who
in: till it went out of the family by the only are defended from Richard de Burgo, are
daughter of William de Burgo, fole heir to Co- called Clan-Richard others Mac William tigh-
;

naght and Ulfter, who was married to Leo- ter, i. e. Upper ; others Mzc William Eughter,
nel Duke of Clarence, foil of King Edward the i. e. Lower. So, thofe of greateft intereft and
third. But he generally refiding in England, authority in the County of Maio, chofe to be
as well as bis fuccefTors the Mortimers ; this call'd Mac William (as a title of very great
Eftate in Ireland was neglected : fo that the honour ; ) being defended from William de
The Sourks. Bourks, their relations and fte wards here, find- Burgo, already mention J d. ["Another branch
ing their Lords abfent, and England embroiled of the fame ancient and noble Family hath
at that time, grew into a defiance of the Laws, been call'd to Parliament, by Writ, under the
confederated with the Irifh. by leagues and title of Baron of Dunkellin.~] Baron Dura
marriages, feiz'd almoft all Conaght as their kellin.

ULSTER
 321 321

ULSTER.
LL that pan of the Country to the north,
beyond the mouth of the river Bovn
and the County of Meath and
Longford, and the mouth of the river Ravie'

l^r
Ulfter H £rV t r ni' «*<**** Ukonia WUlidia,
mlnfh Cm Guilly, e. the Province of Guilly, and in
,
,„ Engld
Weill Ultw
InPakmysume, ,t was peopled by the Voluntii, Darni,
Robogdw/ a „d the
7', Z l ' P "n '" a' a!ldil ™< a-''l ™»< many confiderable lough,
J Shelter
and f J
d mth huge woods.
l
It is fruitful in feme places,
and barren in others-

*M
yet very green and fightly in all parts, and well flock'd with
Cattle. * But <,,'* Ann. ,6o .
7
,
>»'™» f «/«•'«« »
"5* ™Jfarm, /o »fc &*««,«*,, ft, mm
F
Educanon
.

andLearnmg are very w.la and barbarom. „f

fo keep them mfubjellion and order
the bonds of jufl.ce, (for nether
modefly nor duty could reflrain them) this hither-part
was d,vided into three Can-
+ Now the nes, Louth, Down WAntnmme; and\fince, the reft was divided into thefe feven
(

C. von, Fermanagh Monaghan,

CmmesCcc
reft is, Armagh, Colran, Tir-Oen, and Donegal! I TiraS hlh.
•}/>. Perot, w,fe contr.vance of John Perott Lord Deputy, a
perfin truly great and famous, and thoroughly
Lord De- ted w„h the temper of ,h„ Province. 'aclaZ
puty.
For being fenfible, that nothing would more
effecluallyapplTtl
tumusof Ireland, than the
regulation and fettlement of thefe parts
1585. of Uifler, he lent tdhefnperfin
,n that troublefome and
dangerous junBure, when a Spanifh defcent was daily
eXpeiied there and I Em-
land ; and by and authority wh.le he took care to punifi Orprcfcon, (the
Ins gravity
,

great cantos of Re-

» Dyitaflas. bel, on) he gam d much upon the* pmj Kings here, that they w.lhngl,
fufferd their sJnori'stobe
d.v.ded mo Count.es and adm.tted Sheriffs to govern
But he being quickly recall'd,
to greater honours Jctne envious
them.
perfons, who were ,00 powerful for him,
Z7af Mm
together vo.th the iLntiouZfs
of Us own tongue (or he had thrown out fome words
be violated by word or thought,) brought him
againfl his Sovereign, wbcfe "cajejty
unawares to ruin
Majefl may not Z
e k f
° V d" ef' md f "" J» hal '"»«< of Ulfter, this is to be
ol [i"l]t"rTf r ,
1"""' 1 nl
° >;
T "!
™»«1 ^'"l
**> a 'c »«" fi
°

<"» ond deflroyed by their many Rebellions

underflood
i acceff.on
the r i'-i"
of Scots (who or the tncfi par, inhabit this
Jdbr
Province,) that there arelt
ten thoujand Irifh, able and fit to bear Arms
in all Ulfter.l \ J "
fup Jfd ttbee
°
,e
left
J'

The County of LOUT H.

HE County of Louth, call'd ir TBy authority of a Parliament
held here in the
ancient Books Luna and Luda, year
130:5, an Academy was erefted, and
and in Irifll Iriel or Uriel (it dowed with the en-
Privileges of the Univerfity
that is not rather a part of ot Oxford
; but for want of Maintenance, it
this County,) lies beyond the icon expird. It is now an Earldom in the
County of Meath, and the Honourable Family of the Moores.1
mouth of the river Boine ; run- Near this
ning northward upon a winding and unever. naltl King
ot Uriel, and commended
by S. Ber- naltery.
« Sohpabuliji. Chore of the Irifh Sea. It is fo * full of forrage, nard.
It was given by Queen
Elizabeth to Sir
and fo fertile, that the Husbandman finds Edward Moor Knight,
a Kentifh Gentleman,
plentiiul Returns with moderate Labour. very deferving for his wife
condufi both at
Near the mouth of the Boine, Hands Dr home and abroad ; the Monks having
been
Drogheda. heda or Droghda, in Englifh Tredah, a neat and turn d out fome time
before. fHis defendant
Tredah. populous Tow n, fo call'd from the bridge f(and .s the Earl ot
Drogheda, juft now mcntion'd,
therefore by Sir James Ware named Pontana,J\ whole chief Seat
is at this place.
and divided in the middle by the Boine. King At Munfler-Bayes, near Drogheda, is
a ftatelypy, Tranr
Edward the fecond granted it the privilege of Crofs, with two
Cats on it, and this odd Vo
a Market and Fair, at the inftance of Theo- Infcnptlon, *• I"?
790-
bald Verdon and feveral Immunities and Privi-
;

leges have been alfo granted to it by the

Kings of England ; particularly that of a Mint.
Seve
 393 C AVON. 394-
Louth hath given the title of Earl to John
Bewingb**,
i-rt_ 1*1 - ~ who are alio
•ermingham, an Englifh man, which was c° n ci \y& %r ; i.
t-« .-,

m
fer'd upon him by King Edward die fecond, Earl ^^
as a reward of his great valour ( after he had of Louth.
engag'd, defeated, and flain Edward Brm, that
momentary King of Ireland, who for fome time
had ravag'd the Country with great cruelty
and {laughter, ) and gave him the faid
Earl-
dom to have and to bold, to him and bis heirs
males, as alio the Barony of Atbenry, to him
* Aritth C. Seven miles from Drogbeda, {lands * Ardee, a
and his heirs. But as the honour begun in this
mid-land town of fome note ; and higher in
Gentleman, fo it expir'd with him for after ;
Dundalk. the Country, Dundalk, which has the benefit
he had conquer'd his enemies, he was overcome
of a good harbour, and was formerly fortify 'd
and (lain in a popular infurre&ion in thefe
with flrong walls. It was burnt by Edward
parts, with many others of name;
Brm, brother of the King of Scots, who had
:

leaving no ifl'ue behind him. This County

proclaimed himfelf King of Ireland, but was * age,*Sofaid,
likewife, in nory ot the laft
loon after cut off near this place, with eight
thoufand and two hundred of his men. Within
gave the title of Baron to Oliver Plonket, which g™^ °/'
the memory of this age, it was beheged by
was confer'd upon him by King Henry
iince, Louth hath afforded the title
^ Louth.

Shan O Neal,quickly obliged to raife eighthiTand

who was
of ViicGimt to the Honourable Family ot Ml-
the (lege with diflionour ; Tand fince, it hath
5
tervtlk.
been erected into a Barony, and enjoy d by
I

Families {till remaining in this Cnunty, a

the Honourable Family of Gorges^ Eight miles
Bellew or
pretty famous are the Verdant,
Tates, Clintons,
Carlingford. from hence ftands Garlingford, a
de Bella Aqua, Dowdalls, Germns, Hadfovs, Wot-
harbour ; [from whence the Family of Taaf
tons, Brandons, Mores, Warrens, Chamberlains
hath derived the honourable title of Earl : in
like manner, as thofe of Tichbourn, and Butler,
Twho have changed their name into Brown-
loiu,~\ and many other Englifh Families ; of
derive their refpective titles from this County ;

Irifh extract, on, are the Mac-Mabons, &c.

Farrard. the firft, that of Baron Farrard of Benulieu ;
Ant * w
Newton. an d t hc fecond, that of Baron Butler ot Newton [Atbenry, before-mention'd, is fuppos'd by *£>
p "

Butler.l And thefe are all the places that I the Learned Antiquary of this Nation, to be
know of, memorable in this the Kigia or Regia of Pcolemy.]
County.

The County of C AV N.

EX T to this on the weft, lies Bifhops, who had no other revenues orfubfiftance
the County of Cavon, former- than three Milk-cows, with this cuftom, that
ly call'd Eafl Breany ; where if they went dry, the Parifh was
to give
* Hv'd the Family of the O others in exchange for them ; as Adam Bre-
Reileys, who derivtd them- menfis relates from the information of fome
||

felves from the Ridley s of Eng- >f them, in their return out of Italy through
land ; tho* in their manners Germany.
and methods of life, mere Irifh: ("but they are TAs to the Bifhoprick; being joined with Ware, Ant,
|So faid, extinct.! t Not long ago, this family was
now Ardagh, it may be reckoned among the richeft P- '33-

ann. 1607. eminent for their Cavalry ; which were weaken'd in the Kingdom and as to the Bifhops of
by the wife conduct of Henry Kilmore, they are in our Hiflonansfometimes
Sidney, who divided
this territory into feven Baronies. from the County of Brefiny j
The Lords, all call'd Brefimenfes,
Hold, C. of this family, held immediately by Knights- and fometimes Triburnenfes, Irom an obfeure
II

fervice of the Crown of England. The way little Village called tfriburna, where they were
* Is, C. of living * was not in Towns, but in Caftles ormerly feated till, in the year 14S4, the
Fbut now they have feveral good Towns, and See was fettled at Kilmore.
BhTioprick of pretty Villages.! They have a Bifhoprick a- Cavon hath been erected into an Earldom, Earls of C»-
V9n
the Honourable Family of Lambert^]
-

Kilmore. mong them (which was heretofore! but poor,

Poor Biftiops.
the See whereof is at Kilmore and yet this •

+ Is, C. Bifhop f was not fo poor, as were thofe Irifh

8 O The
 1 395 ULSTER. i
39 6

The County of FE R M A NA G H.
N the -weft and north beyond near that place, it has
a great fall or Catarad,
Fermanagh. Cavon, lies Fermanagh, former- which they call the
Salmons leap. Here is a
ly inhabited by the Erdini ; a current report
among the people, that this
Country full of wood and bogs. Lough was formerly firm ground,
well culti-
In the middle of it, lies the vated, and full of
Inhabitants ; and that it
Logh. En greater! and moft famous Lake was fuddenly
drown'd and turn'd into a Lake,
in this Kingdom, call'd Lough as apunifhment
for the abominable Sin of Bug-
Erne, forty miles in length, and (haded with gery, then
pradis'd among them. God Almighty
thick Woods, and full of inhabited Iflands (fays Giraldus ) the author of Nature,
;
condemn d
fome of which contain two or three hundred this ground m
privy to thofe filthy and unnatural
acres a-piece. And withal, it is fo well ftored ABs ; 'which render d it not only unfit
for the firfl
with Pike, Trout, Salmon, and other Fifli, Inhabitants,
but for any others in fucceeding times.
that the Fifhermen oftner complain of breaking The
Irifh Annals lay this to the charge of cer-
their nets by the plenty, than of want of Fifh.
tain Scotch Refugees, who were driven
This Lake does not lie from eaft to weft as the the Hebrides from
and skulk'd ill thefe parts. The
Maps defcribe it, but (as I am inform'd by moft confiderable
among the t petty Princes + So faiJ
thofe who have taken a full furvey of it,) it be-
here, is Mac * Guire. Thofe of that family am,. 1607'
gins at Baltarbet, which is the utmoit Village live on
both fides the Lake ; fo as they on the * G "ire, C.
in the County of Cavon to the north, and reaches
other fide are reckon'd of Ulfter ; and they
from fouth to north ; being fourteen miles- in this, of on
'
Conaght.
length, and four in breadth. Afterwards, it fin the Parifh of Rilaflxr within this ., .
contracts it felf, as narrow as the chanel of K
a County, have been difcover'd Marble-Rocks,
good large river, and fo continues for fix miles whofe perpendicular mIm"'
height is fifty or iixty Rocks. '
together.
feet. They (how'd themfelves, by the means
Upon the Lough, in this narrow place, ftands of Subterraneous Rivers
; which, by de-
hiskilling, the beft Fort of thefe parts, and
de- grees, have wadi'd away the Earrh and
loofe
fended in the year 1593. by the Rebels, and (tones, and
difcover'd thefe mighty Rocks. Al-
taken by Dovsdall, a moft gallant Captain. Tit
fo, in this County, have been found
is frequently mentioned in the Hiftories of
Urns in Urns.
the Hone Coffins, within a Circle of very
large
prefent age, during the courfe of the great
Stones (landing on end, and encompaffing
Rebellion in 11541, and of the late Wars there; a
great heap ; but removed by degrees, for the
Barons of and is now a Barony in the Family of Macgmre^ paving of
the ways.
lmsiiiling. From hence, turning to the weft, it is at its From this County, the Honourable Family Vifcount Fer-
B.lck.
full bignefs, being as far as Belik
( for twenty al Varney, have taken the title of Vifcount
Per- """"•&•
miles together) at lead ten miles broad ; and
managhA

The County otMONAGHAN.

N the eaft fide of Lough-Erne, lilandering, fighting,
bribing, and other foul
liesthe County of Menaghan Praftices; they drew the Lord Deputy, William
;

very mountainous, and woody. Fia-Williams, among them,

\ and he cited Hugh I5?o.
Ithas not one remarkable Roe Mac-Mahon ( whom by his Authority he
Town,be(ides Menaghan, which had advane'd to this Seigniory,) and found him
gives name to the whole guilty of Treafon, and order'd him to be
Barons of County fand is a Barony, in
: hang'd ; and that he might extinguifh the name
Mortagban. tile Honourable Family of BlaneyW This Shire and fovere glity of the Mac-Mahons for ever, he
* Now call'd is divided into five * Baronies, and contains Iri- divided the territory between the relations
Trough, Mo- el, Dartre, Fernlis, and Loghty, which, for
of
Rebel- the faid Hugh, and certain Englifh men, to have
nagban, Dar- lion, were taken from
the Mac-Mahons, by Act and to hold to them and their heirs, by the
tree, Cre-
of Parliament , together with the territory of Englifh
msrnt, and tenure.
Donagbmaine. Donejttain, which was given by Queen Eliza- (On the borders of this County and Monag-
Mac-Mahon. beth to Walter D'eirreux, Earl of Eflex. Thefe p n!1 Tr anr
han, were difcover'd, a few years (nice, '
about Vol.' 29.
Mac-Mahons (a name fignifying in Irifh the Sons four yards deep, four Teeth
of an extraordina- P^ 3=7.-
of a Bear) for a long time govern'd thefe parts, ry fize; two of them, in
weight, two pounds E * traord!ns
"

FitfVrfe. and are defcended from Walter Fitz, Urfe, who ry Teetli.
three quarters each ; and two, fix ounces'
had a hand in the murder of "thomas Archbi- each. Upon comparing them with the like
fhop of Canterbury. The moft powerful man Teeth, which have been found in England, the
of the family, according to the cuflom of this Royal Society were clearly of opinion, that
Nation, was wont to Lord it over the reft, un- they could be no other, than the Teeth of an
+ Lately, C. der the title of
Mac-Mahtm. And whilef Elephant.!
they were contending for this foveraignty, by

The
 ;

w ARMAGH. 1398

The County of ARM AGH.

N the eafl fideof this Lough, Potentates, it grew into a cuflom, that this holy See
lies alfo the County of Ar- fhould be held by inheritance, and permitted to de-
magh', bounded on the eaft by fcend to none that were not of their tribe or family.
the river Neury, on the Couth And this horrid method continud for no lejs than
by the County of Louth, and fifteen generations, or thereabouts.
on the north by Black-water. Thus, by degrees, Church-difciplinc began Flatesiury
mu h
This foil (as I have often heard to flacken in this Ifland ( while in towns and*^
£
the Earl of Devon/hire, Lord Deputy, fay) is cities, the numbers and the translations of
¥he richeft of any in Ireland; infomuch, that it Bifhops were juft as the Metropolitan thought
manure be laid on to improve it, it grows bar- fit;) and John Papyrio, a Cardinal, was fent
ten, as if angry and affronted. TBeiides the over by Pope Eugenius the fourth, to reform
City of Armagh, and the Borough of Charle- thefe matters, as we learn from an Anonymous
mont, it hath now in it feveral pretty Towns.! writer of that age. In the year of our Lord 1 142,
The firft tract that we meet with in this John Papyrio, Cardinal ( being fent by Eugenius
County, is Fewes, ["heretofore! belonging to the fourth, P. R, together with Chriftian Bifhop of
Turlogh Mac Henry, of the family of O-Neal ; and Lijmore, and Legat of Ireland) came into this Ifland.
full of woods and unpafl'able fens: Tit is a long 'This Chriftian held a Council at Mell, where were
ridge of mountainous waft-ground, and belongs prefent the Bifhops, Abbots, Kings, Dukes, and the
now1 to feveral Gentlemen whofe Lands border \ States of Ireland; by whofe confent, there were four f Majores r,a-

upon it, and the name and nation of Turlogh Archbifhopricks conflhuted, Armagh, Dublin, Caffil'"-
Mac Henry are forgotten in thefe parts.! Next, and x nam.; which were fit d at that time by Ge-
Orry. Orry, in which is very little wood here lives lafius, Gregorius, Donatus, and Edanus. After
:

Mont-Norris, O
Hanlon, and here ftands the tort Mont-Norris, this, the Cardinal gave the Clergy his Benediction,
built by Charles Baron Montjoy, Lord Deputy. and return d to Rome. Before, the Bifhops of
and fo caird by him in honour of John Norm, Ireland were always confecrated by the Arch-
under whom he firft ferv'd in the wars. bifhops of Canterbury, by reafon ot their Pri-
Eight miles from hence, near the river Kalin, macy in that Kingdom. This was acknow-
Armagh. ftands Armagh, an Archbifhop *s See, and the ledge by the Citizens of Dublin, when they
Metropolis of the Ifland ; fwherein alfo a pub- recommended Gregory,Bifhop cleft of Dublin, to
lick School or Academy was very early inftituted Ralph Archbifhop of Canterbury, for Confecrati-
(as appears by the life of St. Patrick,) and was _ in thefe
words We have always willinglyfubjeBed
:

the firft in this Kingdom.! The Irifh tell you, our [Prelates] to your Predeceffors ffrom whom we con-
it was fo call'd from Queen Armacha ; but in fider that ours have received their fpiritual dignity,
my opinion, this is the very fame that Bede calls &c. This is likewife evident from the letters
Dearmach, which, he fays, fignifies in the Scotch of Murchertach King of Ireland, of a more early
or Irifh tongue, a field of oaks. It was call'd date, to Anfelm Archbifhop of Canterbury,
Drumfailick, till St. Patrick built a city here, about the ordaining of the Bifhops of Dublin
very fine in refpebl offiliation, form, bulk, and com- and Waterford; as alfo from thofe ot KingGotbrick
pafs ; the Angels (as my Author jays) having con- to Lanfrank his predeceflor, in behalf of one
3
S. Patrick, trinfd 'and model d it for him. This Patrick was a Patrick a Bifhop ; and from thofe of Lanfrank
Britain, and S. Martin's Sifter's Son. He was to Therdeluac King of Ireland, complaining,
Marian baptized by the name of Sucat, and fold into That the Irifo leave their wives at pleafure, without
Ssotus. Ireland, where he was Shepherd to King Miluc. my Canonical Caufe, and match with others ; either
Afterwards, he was called Magonius by St. Ger- related to themjelves, or to .the wives they have put
man, whofe difciple he was ; and then by Pope away, or fuch as have been forjuken wickedly by others
Ccleftine, Patricius, that
is, Father of the Citizens the fame way; which is not to be look'd upon 06
and was feflt into Ireland to convert them to marriage, but punifii'd as fornication. And if thefe
the Chriftian Faith. Yet fome are of opinion, vices had not continu'd among them f till our^so'ftid,
that Chriftianity was in Ireland before his time, _imes, the SucceJftons had been more certain, ann. 1607.
grounding upon an ancient Synodal, wherein and neither the Gentry nor Commonalty fo
St. Patrick's own authority is urg'd againft the much ftain'd with the blood and murther of
Tonfure Tonfure, which was ufual at that time in Ire- their own relations, about the right ot inheri-
Ireland, land j namely, on the fore part of the head tance ; nor the Kingdom to infamous among
only, and not A cu- roreign nations upon this account. But this
in the fhape of a crown.
ftom, which by way of contempt, they father tails not within the compafs of my defign.
upon Swineherd of King Lagerius, the
a certain This Archiepifcopal See had not been long
Vid.Bede fon of Nell and the writers of that age cry'd inftituted, before it was again conlirm'd by
;

5. 22.
I.
out againft it, as an Inftitution of Simon Magus, Vivianthe Pope's Legat; fo that the opinion of
and not of St. Peter. About the year 610. Co- fome, who prefer the See of Armagh, and make
lumbanus built a famous Monaftery in this place; it more ancient than that of Canterbury (plead-
Bede. from which many others were propagated and planted, ing, that in this refpect it ought to take place
both in Britain and Ireland, by his difciples. St.Ber- in all General Councils) is very groundJeis ; ior
S. Bernard, nard fpeaks thus of it In honour of St. Patrick-
.-
Armagh is the younger fifhr, by many ages.
the Irifh Apoflle, who in his life-time prefided in this And befides, precedence in General Councils is
Malachix.
Ifland, and dying, was bury'd in it; this is an never given according to the antiquity of Sees ;
Archiepifcopal See, and the metropolis of the Ifland; but all Prelates, of what degree joever, take place
^^ p ^a.
f
and ww formerly held in fuch veneration and efteefft, among their fellows, according to their Ordination or\y Ceremo-
that not only Bifhops and Priefls, but Kings and Princes, Promotion. tries. 'Suft. M :

werefubjecf to the Metropolitan, and he alone govern d During Vivian's sbode in Ireland, Armagh
than all But, through the hellifh ambition of fame Was redue'd and fubjefted to the Eriglifh by
John
 I
399 ULSTER. 4.00
John de Curcy who did no hurt to the Coun- horring that voluntary way of begging, in a
;

try, but is faid to have been very favourable to Chriftian.

the Religious there, and to have repaired the Upon a hill near Armagh, are ft ill vifible the
"
So faid
Church, which * in our time was burnt, toge- remains of an old Cattle (call'd O-wen-Maugh^Onett-Ji
anrj.1607, ther with the whole City, by John O-Neal; fa which is faid to have been the Seat of the an-

t Ann. 1607 t ' m

notnm g remains t at this day but fome tew cient Kings oiUlfier. More to the Eaft is Black- Black-water.
'
thatch 'd cottages, and the ruinous walls of the watery in Irifli Mere, i. e. great the boundary ;

Monaflery, Priory, and Archbifliop's Palace. between this County and Tir-Oen, of which we
Among the Bifhops of this See, the moft emi- (hall fpeak in its proper place. In and about
nent are, S. Malacby, the firft who reftrain'd this Comity, all the power and intcreft * was in" ' s i *-.

Clerks from marrying in Ireland ; a perfon of the Mac Genifes,0-Hankns, O-Hagans, ar.dmany of
great piety and learning for that age, and who the family ot the 0-Neals,viho have diftinguifh'd
was no more tainted -with the barbarity of the Country, themfelves by feveral firriames. [But now the
than Sea-fijb with the fahnejs oj the fea-water ; as Lands of the O-Hanions, are in the poflVffion of
S. Bernard has told us, who wrote his life at the 6V. Johns, an Englifti Family; and the
large : Then, Richard FitzrRaulf, commonly O-Hagans are not of any confiderabie figure'.
caird Armachanus, who wrote fharply againit In this County, the honourable Family ot Caul-
the Friers Mendicants about the year 13 5 5 j ab- field enjoy the title of Vifcount Charlemont.]

The County of DO W N.
Ext, on the eaft, lies the Coun- by the Seamen S. Johns Fbre!and) but by PtolemyjhcPromon"
ty of Down, very large and Ijanium; perhaps from Ifa, a Britifh word, fig- torj- ifanium.
1
fruitful, and reaching as far as nitying lowefi. In the very * neck flood Dunnm* famus.
TThis is a po- town, mentioned Dunum
j
the Irifli fea. a flourifhing by that name ix\
-

pulous, rich, and flourifhing Ptolemy, but not in its proper place f. It \i\Dunamoupi
Country containing in it lix now call'd Down, and very ancient, and a"Q,uec
I
;

Boroughs, befides other con- Bifhop's See,

J (erected about the end of the
is
y
Dow^f'
|

siderable Towns.! It is bounded on the north fifth Century,)"] and remarkable for the tombs S. Patrick's

with Lough Eaugh (call'd by a later name, ot S. Patrick, S. Brigid, and S. Columba! who had Sepulchre,
Logh-Sidney ;) and on the fouth with the Coun- this rhyming diftich writ over them,
ty oi Louth ; from which it is feparated by the
river Newry. Upon this river, at its very en-
trance into the County, a town of the fame Hi tres in Dum tumulo tumulantur in uno>
* So faid, name was built and fortify 'd * in our memory. Brigida, Patricius, ataue Columba phis.
ann, 1607.
by Nicholas Bagnal, Marfhal of Ireland; who,
with excellent conduct, did many memorable One tomb
one vault three Saints contains;
exploits here; and by his diligence very much below.
Not far from hence, lies
improv'd the County. Does Brigid, Patrick and Columba fhow.
Ban the lefs, which riling out ot the
the river
mountains of Mourne, runs through the
folitary
f Eaugh, C. territory of Evaugh, belonging fin parti to
-\ This monument is faid to have been demo-
Mac Cy mis. the family of MacGynnis, who had formerly a lish. 'd by Leonard Gray, Lord Deputy, in Henry .

Controverfy with the Neals (the tyrants of the eighth's time and thus much is certain, :

Ulfter) whether they fhould tind provision, &c. that upon his being accufed of male-admini-
for the Soldiers of Neat; which kind of fer- ftration in Ireland, and found guilty, the pro-
vice they call'd Bonoghty. It has alfo an Epifco- phanation of St. Patrick's Church, was, among
pal See at Dromore f which place alfo hath given other things,
; objected againft him. The Re-
Vifcount the Title of Vifcount to the Honourable Fam* ligious have contended as much about the
Dromore. Above this, upon the bank of burial-place of S. Patrick, as the Cities of Greece
]y ofFanfhaw.]
Neagth, ["(the water of which is ufefu did about the birth-place of Homer. Thofe of
Eauek C. Lough\\
||

Phil. Tranf. for the Cure of the King's-Evil, and other run- Down will have it there, upon the authority of
17.13. p- 263. ning Sores, and Rheumatifms; but hath nope the forefaid verfes. Thofe of Armagh claim it,
trifying Virtue, as hath been reported,)] do upon that pallage cited but now from S.Ber-
* JC/Vw/^C.lie the territories of * Kilulto and Kilwarny. nard. The Monki of Glaftmbury in England
much incumbered with woods and boggs, have challenged it, offering the ancient Records
Banbridge- f Near Ban-bridge, have been difcover'd three of their Abbey, in evidence of their title. And
Urns.
Urns in three fmall ftone Cherts, under a laflly, fome of the Scots affirm him not only to
great Kern, or heap of Stones.] Thus much have been born near Glajgow, among them, but
of the inner parts. bury'd there too.
Upon the coaft, the fea winds-in with fo In this Down ft was, that John Curcy (a war-
many chops and creeks, and the Lough fpreads like Englifhman, and more uevout than Soldiers
fo much, near Dyffrin (a woody vale, heretofore jenerally are,) firft fettled the Benedictine Monks,
the Eftate of the MandeviUs, and fince of the after he had ndue'd thefe parts ; and he alfo
Myites; Tand now of the Hamilt ons and Steinfonsiy] tranflated the Monaflery of Canck (which Mac
that it makes two Peninfulas, viz. Lecal on the Eulef, King of Uifler had built in Erinaich near
* AquiUne, fouth, and Ardes on the * north. Lecal is a rich S. Fmin Mac-Nell's Well ) into the Ifle of Tnis-
Lecal. foji^ tne remo teft part of Ireland to the eaft. Curcy ( fo called from him,) andendow'd it plen-
The utmoft promontory in it, is now call'd tifully. Before that, the Monks of Ireland
*iHJS
(Ukeries.
 1 ; !

140 DOWN. [402

(like thofe anciently in Egypt, whofe Order the chor to Malachy ; to build, or rather re-build, a
pious Congellus, that is, as they interpret it, monaftery there. A
For it had been a noble monaftery
fair pledge, brought into Ireland) were wholly before, under Congell the ft; ft father ; and had bred
devoted to prayer, and fupply'd their own and many thoufand Monks, and been the mother of many
others wants, by the labour of their hands. Monafieries. place truly pious, abounding with A
this, like all human Inftitutions, was but Saints, and x.eahufly promoting Godlinefs ; infomuch
Eut
fhort-liv'd their manners grew corrupt, and that one of the fans of that holy Society, called Luan,
i

by degrees ftifl'd that Piety which firfl is faid to be the founder of a hundred Monafieries :
riches
Robert, Abbot which I mention, that by this inftance the Reader
g aVe them being
Robert de in the world.
{M™ts Jelm-oi Molifm in Burgundy, took a great deal of may guefs, how numerous they were in all By this
mutations Or- pains to recover the ancient discipline, peffwading means, it filled both Ireland and Scotland with its
d U Moa* One of which, S. Columban, came
lih d'fci? les t0 live h the lahmr °f tbeir hands and off-fpringing. ->

bo
to quit tithes and oblations, leaving them to the Clergy into thefe parts of France, and built the Monaftery

of the Diocefe ; and to wear -woven or leathern of Luxovium, which grew up to a very great fo-
breeches no longer. But they fatly refufed to depart ciety. It is faid to have been fo large, that divine

from the Cuftoms obferv'd Monafieries of the fervke continued both night and day without ceajing
in the
the many Quires they could make, to
weft, which were clearly inftitUted by S. Maiirus, a one moment, by
difciple ofS. Benedict, ami by SColumb.in. But fucceed one another. And thus much in praife of the
thisis too great a digreffion ; fand we will only ancient monaftery of Banchor. Being deftroyed by
Vifcount add, that the title of Vifcount Down, .is now Pirates, it was repair d by Malachy, -who undertook
Down. veiled in the Honourable Family ot" Dawney in it in regard to its ancient dignity, and with a defgn
England.] to replant a fort of Paradijs ; on account of the ma-
Upon the Sea-coafr, Hands Arglas, where ny Saints that lay bury'd in it. For, not to mention
Patrick is reported to have built a Church, thofe who had departed in peace ; nine hund. ?d are
S.
and lately, the honourable John Barrington in [aid to have been put to death in one day, by the Py-
!

England, hath been advane'd to the dignity of rates. 'The lands belonging to it, were very large
Baron Barington of Newcaftle near Dublin, and numerous; but Malachy contenting himfelf with
Vifcount and Vifcount Barington of Ardglafs.] Then the holy place only, gave them all to another. For,
Barrington. Strangeford, formerly Strandford, a fate harbour, from the time it was deftroyed, it continued to be

where the river Coyn runs into the fea, with held with all its poffefftons. For Abbots were ftitt
great noife and violence ; and from which place elected, and enjoyed it under that name, keeping
I

a family of the name of Smith take the honour- it nominally, though not really, the fame as heretofore.
" blc titIe ot Vifcount]
"
In the Peninfula hard Although many diffuaded hint from alienating thefe
Vifcount
Strandford. by, Queen Mary (always bountiful to the No- Lands and Poffefftons, and advifed him to keep them ;
bility) gave much lands to the Earl ot Kildare. he wasfo much in love with Poverty, that he made one
The Ruffels, Audleys, Whites, and they who fet- be choftn as formerly to hold them, referving only,

tled laft here, the Bagnalls, all of Englifh de- (as we have already faid) the Place, to himfelf and
• Live, C.fcent,
* liv'd up and down among the wild Irifh his. Within a few days, the Church was finifh'd,
in thefe parrs, againft whofe Incurlions they which was made of wood plain d and firmly jointed,
4- Defend, C.ftoutly | defended the Eftates left
them by their after the Scotch manner ; and pretty beautiful. Ma-
Anceftors ; [but three of thefe, viz.. the Aud- lachy thought it proper, afterwards, to have a ftone
leys, the Whites, and the Bagnalls, are now Church in Banchor, like thofe he had feen in other

extinct.] Countries. When he began to lay the foundation, the

Ardes. Ardes, the other Peninfula, lies over-againft natives were ftruck with admiration at it, having
this,and is feparatcd by a fmall chanel from never feen any building of that nature in all the
Lough Coyn, with which it is cnclos'd on the Country. So that one of them cryd out, Good Sir

weft; as it is on the eaft, by the fea, and on Why thefe new faftrions from other Countries? are We
the north, by the bay of Knoc-Fergus. You may Scots, and not Frenchmen. What means this levity ?
refemble it to a bended arm ; for, by a very what needs tins ftp erfuous and ftately fabrick?
narrow lfthmus, it grows to the main land, as the More inward, upon the lake, is the Bifho-Eifliopnck
arm grows to the fhoulder. The foil is very good rick of Coner, of which S. Malachy was Bi-of Coner.
in every part, unlefs it be in a flat boggy plain {hop ; but how far his flock was fhort of him
in the middle, about twelve miles long. The in point of piety, we may learn Irom S. Ber-
is well ftock'd with Villages, and had for- nard.
ihore Malachy was made Biftoop of Conereth (for
merly a famous monaftery, fituate upon the bay that is the name of the city,) near the thirtieth year
of Knoc-Fergus, of the fame order and name with of his age. When he began to do his duty among
that eminent and very ancient Monaftery in them, this man of Gbd jvon faw that he was not fent '

Banchor England near Chefter, calfd Banchor. Which of to m en but beafts, fuch as he had never before met
Monaftery. them produe'd the Arch-heretick Pelagius, isun- with, in all kinds of barbarity in manners fo fro- ;

Tctegtus. certain fome will have him from this, others

;
ward, in cufloms fo devillifh, in Faith fo corrupt,
from that of Britain but neither upon any good in laws fo barbarous, to difa'plinefo averfe, and in
;

authority. That he was a Britain, is moft life fo filthy, ifhey were -nominally Chriftians, but
certain, as from other teftimonies, fo particularly really Pagans. No tithes nor firft-fruits, no lawful
from that Diftich of Proffer Aquitanus, inveighing marriages, nor Confeffions, among them. No one
againft his impiety either to ash or give penance ; and very few Mini-
fters of the Altar : But what need I enlarge, when
1 procul infana impietas, artefqtie malignas thofe very few had fcarce any work among the Laity.
Aufer, &
authorem comitare exclufa Britan- No fruit could bn expelled of their Endeavours,
num. among fo lewd a people. For there was neither
preaching nor Jinging to be heard in the Churches.

Far hence with wicked arts profanenefs fly, And what could the Lord's Champion do in fuch a
And bear thy Britifh patron company. cafe ? He muft either retire with difhonour, or fight on
with danger. But he, knowing himfelf a Shepherd,
and not a Hireling, chofe to Hand rather than fly,
being ready to lay down his life for his flock. And,
In the life of But let us hear what S. Bernard fays of this
Malachy. place. man of great power and riches gave Ban- notwithftanding they were all wolves and no fheep, he
A
8 P flood
 [403 ULSTER. 1404
flood in the midfi of them like an undaunted Shepherd, his natural fon, whom he had fet over it, was
confdering all pojjible -wayshow to convert his -wolves taken by an Ambufcade of the Irifh, and
into jbeep. Thus St. Bernard and, as I am in- thrown alive to the dogs a piece of cruelty,
:
;

* So raid, form'd, the Bifhop * at this day is not able to for which thofe Wretches ieverely fuffer'd, be-
ann. 1607. give them a much better Chara&er. [The two ing themfelves put to death, and expos'd to the
Sees of Down and Cener, were united into one, wolves. Above Ardes to the weft, lies the
in the year 1441, by Pope Eugenius the fourth, fouthern Clanboy, i. e. a Tellow Clan, or the
h-cian-ty the
at the requeft of John Bifhop of Cener.l mily of Hugh the Telkw, (as they interpret it,) Upper,
This Ardes, before mention'd, was formerly a Country well wooded, which extends to the
Savages, the eftate of the Savages, an Englifh family bay of Knot-Fergus. It is inhabited by the
;

one of which is famous for that flout and witty O-Neals, and is the very utmoft Tra£t of this
faying, That he would not rely upon a Cafile of [tones, County of Down.
but a Caftle of bones, meaning his own body, fin this County, the Honourable title of Earl
Afterwards, the O-Neals took it out of their of Mount-Alexander is en joy 'd by the family Mount A-
hands ; but they being attainted of treafon, of Montgomery ; that of Baron Coniiigsby of™ an ler '

Sir T'homas Smith, Knight, and of the Privy Clan-Brazil, by Thomas Earl Coningsby
in vide *{£? "
Council to Queen Elizabeth, by her permiflion, England and that of Vifcount Hillsborough fordflure.
;

planted a Colony there an excellent defign, by the Family of Hill~\

; Hillsborough.
but very unfuccefsfuL For after great expence,

The County of A N T R I M.
HE next County to * Down his whole party, for the flaughter which he had
northward, is the County of formerly made among their relations. The war
Antrim, fo call'd from Antrim, being ended by his death, and he and all his men
Theretofore] a fmall town, and attainted;Queen Elizabeth beftow'd this Clane-
only remarkable for giving hy upon Walter D'Everelix Earl of Effex, who
name to the fhire (which is came over hither; being fent, perhaps by means
Knock- bounded by the bay of Knock- of fome Courtiers, under a pretence of doim»
Fergus. Fergus, the Lough Faugh, and the river Ban.) him honour (for he was made Governor of
K-
TBut now Antrim is a confiderable thriving fier and Marfial of Ireland,) into a Country ever
Corporation, pleafantly fituated on both fides rebellious and ungovernable. The Earl endea-
of Six mile water, and united by a handfom vouring with great expellee to compofe affairs
Bridge, and adorn'd with a fine Park, and in thefe parts, and to reduce them
to fome
fiately Manfion-houfe belonging to the Lord order, he was at lair, after many and
great dif-
Vifcount Maflareen, And the County alfo is ficulties both at home and abroad, taken
away
populous and fiourifhing, being moflly inhabited in the flower of his Age, to the grief of all
good
by Britifh Proteffants.l The ffore-mentionedl men, and to the benefit of the O-Neals, and of
Bay of Knock- Fergus, that is called Vinderim in Brian Carragk of the family of the Mac-Conells,
Ptolemy, took it's name from a town fituate who thereupon got pofleffion of this territory,
upon it ; which the Englifh call Knock-Fergus. and have*fince been perpetually at war with *
So Mi
and the Irifh Carig- Fergus, that is, the rock of one another about it. Near Knock-Fergus, lies arm. 1607.
Fergus, both from the famous Fergus drown'd a Pemufula join'd by a fmall neck of land
to the
there, who firft brought the Scoti out of Ireland continent, which iscall'd the
IfleofMagie, four™
into Britain. This town is more famous than miles in length, and one in breadth. SomeM'.™
any other upon the coaft, by reafon of a com- fuppofe that the Monaftery of Magio (fo much "
modious harbour, and for its fortifications commended by Bede, and which 1 have already
f Sofaid, (though f unfinifh'djasalfofor its caftle ftand- mention'd in the County of Maio,) flood in this
ann. 1607. ing upon a high rock, with a garrifon to keep olace.

the country in fubjection, and an ancient Pa- Then, the Glinnes, that is, the Valleys, begin
Glinnes
lace, now converted into a magazine. TBur at Olier-fieet, a dangerous road for (hips ; and
now, Belfafl at the bottom of the bay, is much run a great way by the lea-fide. This territory
more rich and populous, of greater Trade, and belong'd formerly to the Biffets, Noblemen ofBifleB.
more frequented.l Near Carrigfergus, lies Scotland ; who, making away Patrick Earl of
Clam-by Clane-boy the lower, inhabited likewife by the Athol upon a private grudge, were
banifhed hi-
the Lower. o-Neals, and memorable for the death of that
ther, and (by the favour of Henry the third
wicked rebel Shan or John O-Neal ; who, after King of England) fettl'd in an eftate in this
a long courfe of Plunder and Rapine, was de- traft For John Biffet, who died in the begin-
:

feated in one or two Battles by Henry Sidney ning of Edward the firft, had a great eftate
Lord Deputy, and redue'd to fuch ftreights, here ; and in Edward the fecond's reign, Hugh
that he was refolved to go and addrefs himfelf Biffet forfeited part of it by his rebellion.
In
to the Lord Deputy with a halter about his lithe Iaftage, this was invaded bytheflriih-Scotch
So ui 11

neck; but his Secretary perfwaded him rather Rapparees, from Cmttire and the
Hebrides, under ann. 1607.
to feek ailiftance from thofe Iiland-Scots, who the conduct, of James Mac Conell Lord of
Can-t SMt-Bl-
under the conduct of Alexander Oge were now tire in Scotland, who claimed it as defended b ' r "' " b a!t>~
encamped here, and ravaged the country. Ac- from the Biffets. But Shan O-Neal, having iUin'"'
cordingly, he went to them, and was kindly their Captain, eafily repell'd them.
Yet they
receiv'd; but was put to death foon after, with return'd, and made cruel ravages
in thefe parts;
fomenting
 LONDONDERRY 14.06
fomenting rebellions in the Kingdom, till John Queen Elizabeth, had four territories or Toughs
1- Very late-
p errotj L ora\ Deputy, f reduc'd, firft Donall Go- (as they call them) from the river Boys to the
' v
'
C '

ran (who was flain, together with his brother Ban, beftow'd on him ; namely, Donfeverig,
Alexander, in Conaught by Richard Bingham) Loghill, and Ballamonyn, together with the go-

and afterwards, Agnus Mac Conell, the fons of vernment of Donlufe-caftle, to him and the heirs-

James Mac ConeU, to fuch ftraits, that theyfub- of his body, to hold of the Kings of
male
mitted rhemfelves to the Queen of England, England upon
this condition, that neither he,
and receiv'd this Country to hold of her by nor his Dependants, nor any of his Pofterity,
ihould take up arms in behalf of any foreign
Knight's fervice, on condition that they fhould
Prince, without fpecial Licence ; and that they
bear arms in Ireland for none but the Kings of
England, and fhould pay a certain number or"fhould rdfrain theirDependants from depredati-
Cows and Hawks yearly, &c. ons, and find twelve horfe and forty foot at their
Above thefe, as far as the river Barm-, the own charge for forty days together in time of
The Rowte. Country { s called Rowte, and * was inhabited War, and pay every year a certain number
b y clie MacGuillies, a family of no fmall note of oxen and hawks to the Kings of Eng-
'mIguHI
"C "'
^'among the Irifh ; but pent up in this narrow land, &c.
corner by the continual depredations of the TThe Route beforementioned is now the E-
Surky Boy, IJIand-Scots, For Surley-Boy, that is, Charles the ftate of the MacdoneUs, who drove out the Mac-
alio Cbairly- yellow, brother to James Mac Cone/I who poifefs'd guillins, and who enjoy the honourable title of
Ear i of
the Glinnes, did in a manner make himfelf ma- Earls of Antrim ; in which County alfo the tYim%
boJ'

iler of all this trail ; till John Perrot, the afore- family of Vaughan, have the title ot
Vifcount VifcountX/>
hmn -
faid Lord Deputy, having taken the caftle of Lisburn ; and the Family of Conway are Barons
K """'^-
Donlufc. Donlufe (ftrongly fituate upon a rock hanging of KiUtagh.
out into the Sea, and fevered from the land by About eight miles north-eaft from Colrain, Phil. Tranf.
a deep ditch,) drove out him and his party. „ a place called the Giants-Caufaay, confiding
N. 212. and
However, the year following, he recovered it of many thoufand Pillars, which ftand moll
1
ofg^ "^ "
by treachery ; after he had (lain Carte the Go- them perpendicular to the Plain of the Hori~c aili -
#

vernour, who made a flout defence. Upon
this, the Lord Deputy fent Meriman { an cx~
periene'd Captain ) againft him, who cut oft
the two fons of James Mac Conell, with Alexan-
der the fon of Surley Boy ; and preiTed him fo
clofe (driving away his Cattle, the only riches
zon, audio clofe to one another that a knife can
hardly be thruft in between them. They are,
for the greateft part, Pentagonal or Hexagonal i
and yet aim oft all irregular, none of their fides
being of equal breadth. With regard to com-
pojition and figure, the Stones have been obfer-

he had, for hehad fifty thoufand Cows of his ved by perfons of great skill and curiofity who
own flock, ) that he furrender'd Donlufe, and have viewed them, to come near the Entrochos,
came to Dublin, and made a publick Submif- and the AJlroites, or Lapis Stellaris, and the
fion in the Cathedral petitioning for mercy.
;
neareft to the Lapis Bafanus or Bafaltes. The
When he was, after this, admitted into the Caufway is plainly the work of nature, and
Govern our's Lodgings ; as foon as he faw runs from the bottom of a high hill into the
the Picf ure of Queen Elizabeth, he threw a- Sea, no one knows how far. At low-water,
way his Sword, anddown before it twice ;
fell the length is about fix hundred foot, if not
thereby devoting himfelf entirely to Her Ma- more, the breadth, in the broadeft place, two
jefty's Service. And, being received into fa- hundred and forty foot, and in the narroweft
vour and protection, among the other Subjects one hundred and twenty ; the height, in fome
of Ireland, he abjur'd, both in the Chancery places, thirty fix, and in others about fifteen
and Kings-Bench, all allegiance to any foreign foot.]
Prince whatsoever, and, by the bounty of

The County of C L R A N, Tor London-

derry.]
SEyond the Glinnes, weftward, lies caflle. From whence, crown'd with wood on
Krine, call'd Theretofore] th< both fides, it runs in a full chanel by Ghmcol-Qi^,.^,.^
County of Cohan from the chief kein, (which, by the benefit of thick woods and
town in it; ("but now theCoun- unpaffable bogs, is a fafe refuge for the Scotch
tyof London-deny, from the City Inlanders and rebels, as the Englifli were fen-
of London-derry, which was built fible by their purfuit of Surky-boy, who abfeon-
and planted by the Londoners?* It ded here ) and fo, into the, Sea. It is the beft
:

is bounded by the river Bann on one fide, by ftock'd with Salmon, of any river in Europe, Salmons.
the Lough-Foile on another, and by the County by reafon (as fome imagin) of its Clearnefs a- x
of Jir-Oen to the fouth. This Bann ( as Gi- boveall other rivers ; a quality, with which that
raldus fays,) is a very beautiful river ; which kind ot Fifli are particularly delighted. The
its name intimates. It rlfes out of the Mourne- Cahans * were of greateft authority in thefe * Are, C
hills in the County of Downe ; and, being parts ; the chief of which Family f was 0-Ca-\ Is, C.
empty'd into the large Lough of Eaugh or Sid- ban, the firfl of thofe Potentates or Uraights (as°- Cahan *
ney, where it lofes both it felf and its name, they term them) who held of O-Neal the ty- Uni* ht*m
after fome thirty miles (for fo long this Lough is rant of Ulfier ; being the perfon, who, in the
counted, ) it receives the name again at Tome- ele&ion ot an O-Neal (performed with barba-xhe ele&fon
rousof O-Ncal,
 l
4°7 ULSTER. I408
rous ceremonies upon a high hill, in the open and cherifh Rebellions
; fo that it was by an
* Has, C. air) * had the honourable Office of throwing a exprefs
Law declar'd High-treafon, either to
Shoe over the head of the Ned, then chofen call them into Ireland, or to receive them in
+ Is, C. Yet his power f was not fo great, as to reftfain it. TBut now
there is no Cahan of any note
The Iflar.d the Ifland-Scots, who, to fpare their own at in
this County ; and the Lands are chiefly hol-
Scots.
home, in the Summer * left thofe barbarous and den of the London-Society,
* Leave, C, and of the Bifhop
Ann. 1607. fruitlefs Iilands, where there is nothing but want of Derry.
^ Come, C. and beggary, and f came hither for Provifions The title of Baron of Colrain
Take, C.
;
is enjoy'd by BironCW«i«.
|l
where they || took all opportunities to raiic the honourable Family of Hare in
England.!

The County of TIR-0 EN.

ELOW Cohan
fouthward, of Fifh, and very large, being about thirty
lies the County of 7tr-0en, miles iu extent ; fo that this, as the Poet
fays,
that is, the Land of Eugenim.
This is a midland County ;

divided from Tir-Conell on the Duki menthur Nerea flttBu.

weft by the river Lifer, from
_ the County of Antrim on the
eaft by the Lough-Eaugh, and from the County With his fweet Water counterfeits the
of Armagh on the fouth by Black-water (which Sea.
is call'd in Irilh More, i. e. a great water.) Though
it is fomewhat rough and uneaven, yet it
is fruitful and. very large ( being fixty miles And confidoring the Varieties upon the
in length, and thirty in breadth,) and divided banks ; the fhady Groves
and Meadows always
into
Itltn till-'' TJv—rtoB on
Tlhtipv Tir-Oen nil tho north,
the onrl thi
rk.. green, n mJ i-ii-k T
n-ruon and jT__ij_ _
the Upper tinrt-li and rich Corn-fields,
f 1 .•*.
<
where they meet with
Nether Tir-Oen on the fouth, by the mountains husbandry j as alfo the gentle
hills and plea-
of SUew-G'alien. In this, lies Ckghar3 a * fmall fant brooks (all contriv'd for pleafure
Cloghar. and pro- .
*Satis exilis. Bifhoprick, ["but well-endow'd. It was -foun- fit ; ) Nature feems to upbraid the l6 ° 7*
Inhabitants
C. ded by St. Patrick, who gave it to his beloved tor fuflenng them to be fo wild and
barbarous,
Ware, 3°'difciple and indefatigable
p. Afliftaiit, St. Mace torwant ot care.
BtiLopn'ck n
of,
Cloghar.
hin. The name is faid, in the Regiflxr of Lithe Upper Tir-Oen, ftands Straban, a noted
Clogher, to be taken from a golden Stone , by cattle, T n
-

Dunganon. inhabited * in our time by Turlogh

which, as from an Oracle, Anfwers were given Leimgh ot the family ot O-Neal;
^'u ? Z.
who, after Straban.
in the times of Gentilifin.l Then, Dunganon^ the death of Shan O-Neal (as I fhall tell
you* Ann. 1607.
[heretofore] the chief Seat of the Earls, which by and by) w-s ele&ed by the
people to the
by the favour of Henry the eighth, gave the dignity of O-Neal. (This is now a large
Barons of title of Baron to Matthew, fon to the firft Earl Town, and a flouriihing
Corporation ; and
Dunganon. of Tir-Oen. The houfe is more neat and ele- from hence, an honourable Perfon of the name
gant, than is generally to be met with in this ot Hamilton {10 whom it
belongs) enjoys the Vifcount
County ; but hath been often burnt by thi title i.t Viicount.l Straban.
Lord of it, to fave the enemy that trouble. Here are alfo fome other Caftles of lefs note,
The Caflles
[From hence, the honourable Family of Trevor which, like thofe in other parts of the
Ifland, of Ireland,
took the title of Vifcount Dungannon ; and are no more than towers, with narrow
f hop- L**" 8
lately, William Vane Efq; hath been created holes, rather than windows; to ^
which adjoins
Baron Vane of Dungannon, and Vifcount a Hall of turt roof'd with thatch, and
a large
Ubloganell. Vane.l Next, Ubhgamll, where O-Neal, who yard fene'd round with a ditch and
hedge, to
will have himfelf folemnly Inaugurated King preferve their Cattle from
f So faid, -j-
thieves.
ann. i<5o7.of Ulfier, has that Ceremony performed after TSeveral remains of Antiquity have been dif-
Ph ii Tranf.
the barbarous cuftom of the Country. Then. covered in this County As, near Omach (the an. :
1713.
the Fort upon Black-water or the river More Shire-Town) Urns in Cheffs, under
™ ' Up °n which hath fuffer'd exceedingly from the Wa: of Stones two heaps P- 2 54-
Btackwate r# : Near Cook/Ion, an Urn, in a hole Urtls "

being the only paffage into this Country, j which encompafs'd with fix Stones
+ So fa id, of great Bignefs,
ann. 1607. is the conftant harbour of Rebels. But it has which made a Hexagon, wherein the Urn
been neglected, ever fince the difcovery of ano- flood At Dungannon, another Urn, of an :
un-
ther Ford below, which is defended by Forts common bignefs, being large enough
to hold
on both fides, and was built by Charles Mont- about three quarts and at Killimeille, near :

Lord Deputy, when he purfu'd the rebels Dungannon, within a circle of Stones on the
joy
top
At the fame time, he made of a Hill, have been found other Urns.
into thefe parts.
another Fort, called from himfelf Montjoy, and All thefe were Repofitories for the Bodies,
Lough. upon the Lough Eaugh, or Sidney (as the when burnt ; and on the laft mentioned hill, at Altar '
fituate
Sidney. Soldiers, in honour of Henry Sidney, call it at about thirty yards diftance to the Eaftward of
\\

j| Ann. x6o7.this day ) which enclofes the weft-fide of the that Circleof Stones, was difcover'd the Altar,'oa
Shire, and is either wholly made or much en- which they ufed to burn theirdead, in the
times
larged by the river Bonn, as I have already ob- of Heathenifm with Coals and Bones, frefh,
;

ferv'd. TAt this day, the Honourable Family among the Stones, and the ftones
burn'd with
"Vifcount of Stewart enjoy the title of Vifcount Mount- the fire. At the eaft end of the Altar, was
Afyrttjoy. joy.l found a Pit, that was the Receiver into which
The Lough Eagb is very beautiful and full they fwept whatever remain'd
on the Altar,
after
 ;

1409 TIR-CONEL, 1410

after burning. Upon digging deeper, the fub- If this County is famous or eminent for any
ftance of the Earth appear 'd all alike, viz,, black thing, r except the
Antiquities before-men-
and greafy : and it had tinged the Hill in a tion'd,] it is for its Lords, who have rul'd as
ftreight line, from the Pit to the bottom of the Kings, or rather Tyrants over it ; of whom,
Hill. two have been Earls of "Tir-Oen ; namely Comug^h of ftfs
Phil. Tranf. In the lower Barony of Dungannon, have been O-Neah, and Hugh his Grandchild by a fon.e^
ann. 1713. difcover'd feveral Trumpets of an uncommon But when I treat of the Earls and Lords of
p. 250. make ; which are fuppofed by fome to have Ulfler, I will fpeak more at large of thefe j
rum P e
jj een u fe d by the Priefts in the Pagan times, at [and only obferve here, that Sir Marcus Bern-
'

their Funeral Rites, in confort with thofe who ford, Baronet, hath been lately created a Baron
made a Noife on fuch occafions perhaps, the : and Vifcount of this kingdom, by the title of
fame Howling Noife which is ufed at Funerals, Baron Beresford of Beresford in the County of
among the Natives, to this day.l Cavan, and Vifcount Tyrone.!

The County of DONEGJLL or TIR-CONEU,

; LL that remains in Ulfter, commonly and denominated from

called Beds,
towards the north and fouth, feveral Saints they are inclos'd with ftone-
;

ivas inhabited by the Robogdii walls, fcarce three toot high,and are the Places
and Vennicnii. At prefent, it where Pilgrims performed their Penance. The
!
is call'd the County of Done- Cave was demoliuVd as a fictitious thing, on St.
ex Tir-ConeH, that is, as Patrick's day, in the year 1497, by authority of
fome interpret it, the Land of
'

Pope Alexander the fixth; but it was afterwards

Cornelius ; and as others, the Land of ConaU reftored, and vifited frequently by Pilgrims.l
and accordingly Marianus calls it Conallea. The Befides this of St. Patrick, there is another
County is in a manner all champain, and full Purgatory of Brendan in this Ifland* I cannot
of Harbours, Tand is well-ftock'd with Britifh tell you the very place ; and therefore take all.
Inhabitants.! It is bounded on the north and that I could learn of it, in this tetraflick of
weft fides by the Sea, and on the eaft by the Necham ;
river Liffer and is divided from Conaght by the
;

fJjfjjjjLdtt Erne. [The boggy and heathy Ground, in

N. 3 4 i "this County and London-derry, hath been much
. JJferit effe locum folennis fanta dicatunt
improv'd by Shells, which the Country-people Brendano, quo lux lucida fape micat.
carry away in Boats at Low-water, and, lea- Purgandas animas datur hie tranfire per ignes$
ving them in heaps on the fhore till they drain Ut dignx facte judicis effe qiteant.
and dry, do then lay them upon their ground
( with great effect and advantage, ) inftead of From Brendan nam'd a wondrous Lake is
Manure.~\ fhown,
The Lifer, not far from its rife, fpreads in- Where trembling lights along dark Caverns
to a broad Lake, which contains an Ifland run.
and therein ftands a little Monallery, near which Here mortal dregs the purging flames con-
is a narrow Vault, famous for I know not fume,
what terrible Apparitions, or rather Religious And cleanfe foul Souls againft their finaldoora.
Dreams; and ( as fome fooliftily imagin) dug
by Ulvfles, when he made his defcent into
Hell. The natives at this day call it Elian u As the Liffer, enlarg'd by other rivers, draws
frugadory, that is, the Ifle of Purgatory, and Pa- near the Sea, it fpreads into another Lake,
,

Purgatory.
'
trick s P^Sfl^J' For fome are io P iou %
se- which Ptolemy calls * Logia, now Logh Poyle,* ZoA-ead
3
dulous, as to believe that Patrick the Irifh A- and Logh Der, Hence Necham, Ware, See
poftle, or fome other Abbot of the fame name, Tir-Oei.

obtain'd of God by his fervent Prayers to

make the People eye-witnefies of thofe punifh- Lough Der aquis dives lacus efl, Vltonia novtt ;
ments and tortures, which the wicked endure Commodus indigents utilitate placet.
after this life ; to the end he might recover
the Irifh from their finful ftate, and the errors Of thee, great Logh-Der, fpacious Ulfie/s
they then lay under. Seeing this place is call'd proud,
. Reg/is in the life of St. Patrick, I am apt to think And neighboring Lands commend thy ufeful
1 jtb e frl'
itibe ocher t Regia in Ptolemy; for the fitua- flood.
inXwrti. tion is agreeable to the account which he gives
Ware. of it. [But to be fomewhat more particular in
the defcription of this place ; The Vault or Upon Deny, a Mona-rj crry,
w Cave was and cover'd with fiery, and a Bifhop's See; fwhich had been
built of free-itone,
this, formerly, flood

m*S.
f'99-
broad flags, laid over them.
and green turf It firft conftituted at Ardfrath, and was from
is in within the Walls, fixteen foot thence remov'd to Magher; and at length, about
length,
and an half in breadth, two and an inch
j the year 1150, to this place.] Here, in the
and, the door being fhut, there is no light, year 15 66, Ed-ward Randolph (eminent for his
but what enters in at a little Window in the long Services in the Wars) loft his life in de-
corner. In the Ifland alfos are divers Circles, fence of his Country, and did fo entirely de-
S Q_ fea«
 14-ir U LSTER. 14- 12
feat Shan O-Neal, that he was never after able to
pieces of Gold, difcover'd by a method very
make head. remarkable. The Lord Bifhop of Derry, hap-
* Lately, C. But * whofe Va- pening to be at dinner, there came-in an Irilh
Sir Hear] Docwra Knight,
lour and Conduct fhone forth, to his immortal Harper, and fung an old Song to his Harp.
His
honour, in the Wars of 'Ireland, planted there Lordffiip not underftanding Irilh, was at
a
a garrifon, and afterwards a colony, to bridle lofs to know what the Song meant. But the
the infolence of the Earl of Tir-Oen which he Herdfman being called in, they found by him
;

t Proves, C.fejtiy jn {-uc[l orcier mi method, that it pro- the fubflance of it to be

t this, That in fuch a
ved an excellent defence againll the Rebels, and place (naming the veryfpot) a man of a gigan-
a means to inure thofe barbarous People to tick flature lay buried, and that over
his bread
their duty. Tit is now call'd London-dm-y, and and back there were plates of pure gold, and
annexed to the County of that name, and is fa- on his lingers rings of gold, fo large that
an
mous in our Hiflories, for refilling two me- ordinary man .might creep through them. The .

morable Sieges, one in the year 1649, and the place was fo exafily defcribed, that two per-
Baron Zon- other in 1689; and it gives
the title of Baron fons there prefent were tempted to go in quell
don-derry.
to the Family of Pitt.'] of the golden Prize, which the
Harper's Song
The Robogdii, feated above Login, poifefs'd all had pointed out to them. After they had dug
this northern coaft ; where O-Dogherty, a petty for fome time, they found two
thin pieces of
King of no great note, has the chief intereif. gold, exadly of the form and bignefs of this
Robogh. Here, in Robogh, a fmall Epifcopal Town, are Cut.
the remains of the old name Robogdii. As for
ThePromon-the Promontory Robogdium, I cannot tell where
R ° b °S t0 fix "* Unlds be Fai Ft" elani From thls
Sum "
" " -

rocky place, the fhore winds back by the mouth

of the Lake Swil/y, which Ptolemy leems to call
Argita.
Beyond this, to the weft, liv'd the Vmnimii
Is° wlucn tra|3 * was en joy 'd by \ Mac-Swny Fanid,
-

x t»
' :

'£"''MmS™>>'Na-doe, and Mac-Swiny Bane Land

IM, ;

Sviyny Neio- nere are ^ u ^ feveral Families of the fame name

eth, and Mac- (butnow inconfiderablc) who farm fmall Portions
SviynyBan- of Land, which were heretofore held in
fee by the
'Igh, C.
Mac-Swinnies^ In thefe parts, Ptolemy places
the river Vidua, now call'd Crodagh ; and the
Promontory Vennicnium, now Rame's-head; and
Boraum, now S. Helens-head.
As the fhore winds back from hence, we
come to a commodious harbour and road for
Calebeg,
This difcovery encourag'd them, next morn-
Ships, at Calebeg
; from whence the remains of ing, to feek for
the remainder ; but they could
Sligah. Sligah-caftle are ftill vilible. It was built in
meet with nothing more. The paffage ' is the
the year 1242, by Maurice Fitz-Girald Chief
more remarkable, becaufe it comes pretty near
of Ireland, after he had redue'd this
Juftice
the manner of difcovering King Arthur's
part of the Country. But John Fitz-Girald, body, v r . ,

by the directions of a Britifh Bard. The

the firft Earl of Kildarc, was depriv'd of this twoltof""'
holes hi the middle of this, feem to have
caftle, and of a great eftate in thefe parts, and been
for the more convenient tying of it
was alfo deeply fin'd, for railing a dangerous to the arm
or fome part of the body.
rebellion againft the Earl of Ulfter.
The Family of Fol/iot now enjoys the honou-
Lower down, nor far from the mouth of the
rable title of Baron of Belifianmn ; and the
Donegall. lake Earne, Hands Donegal/, a Monaftery and Fa-Baron of
mily of Btx.-lViIliams hath been honoured
Town, which gave name to this County, when withBelilhannon.
the Title of Baron of Lifford.~\ Baron ot'
+ Hathbeen,it was firft made one. This territory f was
c The antient Inhabitants of Ulller, as of all ue<" d -
-
govern'd for many ages by thofe of the family the other parts of the Kingdom, were call'd for-
O.Donell. of O-Donel, who are of the fame extraction
merly by one common name of Scots, and from The Scots,
with the O-Neals; without any other title
hence they brought the name into the Northern
than O-Donell, and- Lords of Tir-Conell. For the
partsof Britain. For (as Giraldus fays ) the
obtaining ol which, and of their popular ele-
fix Sons of'Mured, King of Ulfter, poffefs'd them-
flion and inauguration with the accuftom'd ce-
felves of the North of Britain about four hundred
remonies, at a certain Stone near Kilmacrenar,
years after Chrift ; from which time it has been
they us'd to contend with great heat and blood-
cal/'d by the name of Scotland. Yet the Annals
K mmmiis filed; till King James Tthe firftl by hisLet- of that Kingdom Ihew us,
|]

«*«<«.,
' that this happen'd
ter s Patents conter'd the honour, title, and
ftile much more early. Alfo, Fergus the fecond, w ho
of Earl ol Tir-Conell, upon Roderick O-Dmell,
ellablifli'd the Kingdom of the Scots in
brother to Hugh the Rebel, who being banilh'd, Bri-
tain, came from hence ; Patrick having
fled into Spain and there died. fore-
[The title of told this of him: Tho' you
feem mean and con-
Earlof7>r- Earl of Tyramell was confer'd by King James the h
tcneU. Second, on Colonel Richard Talbot, a moll zealous
temptible to your Brethren at this day ; it -mill
fiortlyJ V [li:
. °,s

come to fafs, that you jhall be a Prince, and Lord

Papift; and fince the Acceffion of King George
of them all. To make good this, the fame Wri-
to the Throne, the title of Vifcount Tynan.
ter adds ; That not long after, Fergus,
according
nel hath been confer'd on a noted Family in
to the PreiiBicn of this holy man, obtain
England, of the name of Brownlow ; but that
d the So-
•ueraignty in thefe farts, and that his
of Earl of Donegal! is veiled in the honourable pcfterity con-
tinu'din the throne for many generations.
Family of Chkhejhr : and as to the Territories From him
teas defended the moft -valiant King Edan,
hereabouts (formerly part of the Inheritance of fin of
Gabrian, -mho conquer'd Scotland (called Albania,)
O Donxel,) they are now enjoy 'd by the Fami- where his
fofterity in a continu'd fucceffion reigns to
lies of Gore, Hamilton, Conolly, &c.
this day.
South from Senegal/, is Belifianmn ;
BslifhaMon. near John Curcy, in the reign of Henry the fecond,
which, not many years ago, were dug-up two
was the Aril Englilhman who attempted the
redu-
 ;

14-13 T 1 R-C N E L, 1414.

reduction of this ; and, having taken his wife Elizabeth, lifter and co-heir of Gilbert
County
Down and Armagh, made himfelf mailer of the Clare Earl of Gloucester, ) who Succeeded his
whole, either by force or (urrender ; and was Grandfather. William was murder'd by his
Ul- the hrit who had the title of Earl of Ulfler. own People in his youth ; leaving a little daugh-
JBut his fuccefs made him fo much envy'd, that, ter, afterwards marry \1 to Leo- See Radnor'
Elizabeth,
f#r his own worth and the unworthinefs oi d Duke of Clarence by whom fhe had like-^f"» f nd
;

others, hewas banifti'd, and, by King John's wife one Daughter, marry 'd to Edmund 3^fj; n(r
only
T-.,-»r>
Mortimer Earl ot Marcu
t ti-i nortn-naing,
,

and by her the Earl-

1

appointment, was fiiccccded by Hugh de Lacy, ;

ftcond fon of Hugh Lacy Lord of Meth 3 who dom of Ulfter, with the Province of Conaught,
was made Earl ot Ulfter by the delivery of a came to the Mortimers from whom, together
;

Sword, with orders to | purfue the War. Yet with the Kingdom of England, it came to the
\ Ilium biUo
profequi \uf- he was deprived of this honour by the houfe of York ; and then, by King Edward
fus. lame King, upon his infolence, and popular the fourth was annexed to the Crown. A civil
An. 7 ]o. practices but was received again into favour. War breaking out at that time in England, and
;

In confirmation of this, I will give you, word the Nation falling into factions and parties,
for word, what I find in the Records of and the Englifh in Ulfter returning into Eng-
Ireland. Hugh de Lacy, formerly Earl of Ulfter- land to fupport their feveral (ides ; thefe Coun-
held all Ulfter ( exempt and feparate from any other tries were feiz'd by O-Neal and others of the
County ) in capite of the Kings of England, by the Irifh fo that the Province grew wild and bar-
:

fertiice of three Knights, when ever a Proclamation barous to a

very great degree ; and whereas it
jjfu'd for War. And he might try in his own formerly yielded a confiderable revenue to the
Court all Pleas whatfoever belonging to the Chief Earls, it has hardly, f fince that time, paid + So faid,
the Kings of England. ann l6o 7*
fuftice and the Sheriff and
; he alfo held a Court of any to *

Chancery, &c. After this, all Ulfter was forfeited And if I may be allow'd to fpeak freely
to our Lord King Jchn, by the [aid Hugh ; -who the piety and wifdom of the Kings of
England
had it afterwards granted him for term of life by
"
has not been more defective in any one thing *g f^
King Henry the third. After Hugh's deceafe, Wal- than in a due adminift ration of this Province, ann. 1607.
ter de Burgo did thofe Services to our Lord Edward, and I may add, ot all Ireland as to the pro-
;

King Henry s Jon, and Lord of Ireland, before he was pagating Religion, and modelling the State,
King- 'The fame Lord Edward infeoff'd the fore- and civilizing the Inhabitants ; which things,

fat d Walter in theforefaid Lands of Ulfter, to have for many ages, have been very little regarded.
and to hold, to him and his heirs, by the feruice a- Whether this neglect is to be imputed to Care-
forefaid as amply and freely as the faid Hugh de lefsnefs or Parfimony, I know not
; But one :

Lacy did, except the advowfons of Cathedral Church- would think, an Ifland lo great, and fo near ;
* Dominio eo- es > m
& the * Jurifditlion over the fame ; its alfo where the Soil is fo good and the Paftures fo
tuniem. the Pleas of the Crown, viz. Rapes, Forft alls, Ar- rich ; which has fo many Woods, and Mines, fo
foneys, and Treafure~trouves ; which our foveraign many Rivers and commodious Harbours on all
Lord King Edward referv'd to himfelf and his heirs. (ides, convenient for Trading to the richeft parts
This Walter de Burgo (who was Lord of Co- of the World, with the Cuftoms and Revenues a-
naught and Earl of Ulfter ) had by the only rifing from thence ; and laftly, an Ifland fo full
daughter ot Hugh de Lacy, Richard Earl of of Inhabitants, and a People who, in refpeift of
Ulfter ; who died, after a perplex'd and uneafie minds and bodies, are capable of the high eft
life, in the year 13 26. Richard had a fon Employments in Peace or War All thefe to-
:

John de Burgo, who died in his Father's gether (one would think) fhould deferve and
life-time, after he had had a fon William (by challenge our future Care.

THE
 141$
1416

THE
A N T I E N T
AND
Modern Cuftoms
O F T H E

IRIS T is requifite,
that I fay fome- of the blood
of the Slain, and then befmear their faces
thing in this
place, of the with it, and know
no diflin'ction between right and
Manners and Cuflmi of the wrong. When a man child is born, the mother feeds
Irifli. As more an- it firfl upon the point oj her Husband's
for the
tient ones, the account v hich fword, which
She tames gently into the mouth
I give of them is borrow 'd thinking of her little one ;
thii to be ominous, and wijbing, after their
from ancient writers; but th ir heathentfh way, that it may never reiufe death in the
modern cufloms are recited from the oblci vi- nndpl oj iiur. Such a, ajfeci gaiety, adorn the hilts
modern Author, both learned and in-
rions of a oj their jwords with the teeth of Sea-monflers, which
duffrious.
ate as white as Ivory. For here the great glory
The Irifh of old time, while rude and bar- the Men, is * in the finenefi and weu-keeping
of
barous like all other nations in this part of the "ms. of their
* In armarum
world, are thus defcrib'd by the Antients. Thefe are their antient cuftoms. As for tutela.
Strabo, I. 4. / can fay nothing of Inland upon ulges the
ol the middle age,
good authority, but that the people are more hatha
we have them in
Uiraldm Cambrenfu, and in others
rous than the Britain!.
from him
They feed upon man's but, tor their later cuftoms, they are
fiefh,
defcrib'd
* UMf »y,i, and * eat '" S rmt exce f>- They look upon it at very jyaninduftrlous modern
Author, whom I take
but in the E- innocent, to eat the bodies of their dead Parents ; and to be
J. Good, a Prieft, educated at Oxford, and
pitome n to lie in publick, not only with ftrange -women,
but School-miller 01 Limerick,
<ta.ytn, up aboui the year i % 66
with their own mothers and fiflers. However, I mull from -whom I (hall relate
herbs ani them word for word
caution the Reader, that I pretend not to warrant the let
Kith. unce Ipromisdfome account of
truth of this relation. It faid indeed, that
theAdmi-
is
mans niftratlon of Juftice among them ; I will nrft
fiefh was eat among the Scythians ; and that, in the ddcharge that.
extremities of a ftege, the Gauls, Spaniards, and The great men, who have the fourth
many others, have frequently done it. vowelo Drtfau a
prefixd to their names, to denote their
Pomponius Mela, lib. 3. The quality S^mes of
Inhabitants are and eminence, as O-Ncal, Rork, O-Donell, &c ">= Noble,
barbarous, and have no fenfe, either of Virtue or and others who have Mac before
Religion. their names men ° f Ire " -

enjoy a large Prerogative. In d h " ay

Solinus, cap. 24. Thofe who conquer,
virtue of whicn''r" '
J
firfl drink theyLordit ata miglfty rate.and by
the cXtT^xTulS
taxes, Dcfcription
 ;:

14.17 The Ancient and Modern Cuftoms, &c. 1418

.; according taxes, and other Impositions which they exad additions of their own, and growing very rich by the 1

to t be ftate of£or maintaining of their Soldiers, namely their reward they have. For Brides-, and women big I

tli em Galloglafles, Kernes, andHorfemen, they make with child, think it fcandalous, if they prejent not
1607,
their poor Vaflals very miferable efpecially even their heft deaths to a perfon fo inftrtmentd in
;

in times of civil war, they drain their very Glory.

blood and fpirits, Women, within fix days after their delivery, rtf-Nurfing tha
Thefe Great men have their Lawyers ; whom turn to their husband's bed, and put out their children CilMren '
Ereahans
-they call Breahans, as tiie Goths did their's, to nurfe. Great application is made from all parts,
BeUagines ; a mean ignorant fort of people, who to be nurfes to the children of thefe Grandees; who
at certain times try the caufes of the neighbour- are more tender to the fofter-children than their own.
hood upon the topof fome high hill. The Plain- And notwithftanding a very ill temper of body, by
tiffopens his caufe before them with great com- reafon of bad air, a moift foil and diet, * and licen-* Jur " f *'*
um
plaints of the injuries he has fufter'd, to which tioufnejs, for want of laws; nay, tho' they think it'
'

the Defendant pleads Not guilty. If the De- a difgrace to fuckle their own children ; yet for lie
fendant is convicted of theft, they award Refli- Jake of nurfing thefe, man and wife will abftain from
tution, either of the thing or the value- Thefe each other, and in cafe they do not, they find another
great men have likewife their particular Hifto- nurfe at their own charge. The nurfes here are almoft
rians, to chronicle the famous actions ot their as numerous as the maid-feruauts ; and they think it
lives; their Phyficians and Poets (whom they a good reafon to be lewd, to have the fuckling of an
call Bards i) and Harpers, who all have their fe- infant. If the infant is Jick, they fprinkle it with
veral eftates and pofleffions aflign'd them. And the ftaleft urine they can get ; and for a prefervative
in each territory there are certain particular fa- againft mifchances, they hang not only the beginning of

milies for the feveral employments ; for inftance. St. John'j- Gojpel about the child's neck, but alfo a
Profeffions one for Breahans, another for Hiftorians, and fo crooked nail out of a horfe's foot, or a piece of a
hereditary. of the reft ; who take care toinftruft their chil- wolf's skin. For this very purpofe alfo, both nurfes
dren and relations in their refpective profeffions, and fucklings wear always a girdle of womens hair
and leave always one of the fame race to fucceed about them. It is moreover obferv'd, that they pre-
them. Among the Grandees, the rules of fuc- sent their Lovers with bracelets of fuch hair ;
ceffion and inheritance are little regarded who- whether in imitation of the Girdle of Venus
.-

ever is defcended of a good family, and has the cali'd Cellos, / cannot tell. The Fofter-fathers
greateft. power, retinue, and courage, aflumes
take much more pains, fpend much more money,

the Sovereignty, either by election of the Peo- and beftow more afte&ion and kindnefs, upon thefe
ple, or usurpation and excludes the fons, Ne- children, than their own. From thefe, they take, or
;

phews, and neareft relations of the perfon de- rather unnaturally extort, cloaths, money, and por-
ceafed being, after their barbarous way
;
tions, to carry on the defigns,
;
buy the arms, and
thron'd in a (tone feat, plac'd in the open air gratifie the lufts of the others; f even driving away\ Etiam pn-
UpOion a certain hillock. At the fame time a fuc- their Cattle for them. All who have fuck'd the fame*** *&*&"•
flbr is fometimes declared, according to the breafts, are very kind and loving, and confide more
Law of Tamftry : and they call him Tanifi but in each other than if they were natural brothers ;\\ German!,
i ||

whether from the Danes, among whom ( as fo that they will have an averfion even to their own
among the Northern Inhabitants of Britain) brothers for the fake of thefe. If their parents chide
'Thanewas us'd for many ages to fignify a per- them, they fly to the Fofter-fathers for proteclion, by

fon of honour and the King's Officer ; I can-

whom they are often excited to open war againft them ;

not pofitively fay. and being train d up in this manner, they grow the vileft
But now take the obfervations of Mr. Good ; profligates in nature. And not only the fans, but the
daughters, are brought up by thefe nurfes, to all manner
in whofe behalf I obferve once for all, that there
is nothing in them malicious or partial, but all of lewdnefs. If one of thefe fofter-children happen to
are exaftly true ; and that they are only to be be fick, it is incredible how foot; the nurfes hear it,

though they live at a very great diftance; and with

* And as underflood of the* wild and native Irifh, who
thefe were, are as yet uncivilized, as living in the remoter what concern they attend the child day and night upon
ann.1607. parts of the Kingdom. this occafion. Nay, the greateft corruptions and de-
Thefe people are generally ftrong bodied, baucheries of Ireland, it is believed, are to be im-
nimble, bold, haughty, quick-witted, warlike, puted to no other caufe, than this method of Nurftng.
venturous, inur/d to cold and hunger, lufUul, It is probable, that this country is more hot and^oiiss.

hofpitable, conftant in their love, implacably moift than others, by reafon that the fiefh of the na-
malicious, credulous, vain-glorious, relenting tives is particularly foft ; proceeding as well from the
and, according to their old character, violent nature of the climate, their ufe of certain waffies.
i,
m
all their affeBions : the bad not to be match' d, the This foftnefs of the mufcles makes them alfo extraor-
to be excell'd.
good not dinary nimble, and pliant in all parts of their body.

They commonly baptise their children by prophane The people are ftrangely given to idknefs, think
Names.
names, adding fomewhat from one accident or another it the greatefi wealth to want buRnefs, and the
from fome old wive s tale ; or from colours, as red, greateft happinefs to have liberty. They love mufick
white, black, Sec. from diftempers, as fcab'd, bald, mightily, and above all inftruments, are particularly
&c. or elfe from fome vice, m Robber or Proud taken with the harp, fining with brafs wire, and
and, though they cannot bear reproach, yet the playd on with their crooked * nails. They that art* Unguibm.
greateft among them, fuch as have the letter O pre- religious, mortifie with wonderful aufierity, by watch-
names, are not affiant d of thefe appella- 'ig, praying, andfafting fo that the Relations which
fix' d to their ;

tions. It is look'd find of their Monks heretofore, are not to be look'd

upon a& foreboding afpeedy death to ;e

the parent or other of the Family then living, to give on as incredible. The very women and maidens
faft
his or their names to any of the children ; and there- every Wednefday and Saturday the year round.
fore they avoid it m unlawful. When the father Some alfo upon St. Catherine'* day ; and never
dies, the fon takes his name, left it ffiould be forgot-
though it fall on a Birth-day, or though
ten i and if any of the Anceftors have been famous for themfelves be ever fo fick ; to the end, fome fay, that
their atchievementSj the like bravery is expeBed from the Virgins may get good husbands, and that the
him. And the rather, upon account of the Poets cele- Wives may become happier in a married ftate, either
brating their alliens ; yet magnifying them with great by the death or defertion of their husbands, or elfe
J by
o J
8 R
r> ,
their
 ;

419 The Ancient and Modern Cuftoms 1420

their reformation and amendment. But fuch among They hardly fpeak three words without a folemn$wezrin&-
them as once give tbemfelves ever to a vicious courfe, oath, by the Trinity, God, the Saints, St. Pa-
are the vilejl creatures in the world. trick, St. Brigid, their Baptifm, their Faith,
Dying of With the bark of Alders, they die their cloatks the Church, their Godfather's hand, and, by thy '

Cloaths. black ; in dying yellow, they make ufe of Elder- hand. Though they take thefe oaths upon the Bible
berries. With the boughs, bark, and leaves of poplar- or Mafs-book laid on their bare heads, yet if any one
* Zaxa 1 die- trees, beaten together, they dye * their loofe (hirts of put them in mind of the danger of damnation for
fa. a faffron colour (which are now much out ofafe) mixing perjury, they prejently tell him, That God is mer-
the bark of the wild Arbut-tree, and fait and faff r on. ciful, and will not fuffer the price of his own
In dying, their way is, not to boil the thing long, but blood to be loft. Whether I repent or not, I
to let it f oak for jome days together in cold urine, that fhall never be thrown into Hell. For performance
the yellow may be deeper and more durable. of promifes thefe three things are looked on as the
Robberies, Robberies here are not look'd en as infamous, but ftrongeft obligations ; 1 To fwear at the Altar with .

are committed with great barbarity in all parts of the his hand upon the book, as it lies open on his bare
Country. When they are upon fuch a defign, they head. 2. To invoke fome Saint or other, by touch-
pray to God to bring booty in their way, and loek ing or kiffmg his bell, or crooked To fwear ftaff. 3 .

upon a prize cu the effeti of his bounty an Earl, or by the hand of his Lord,
to them. by the hand of
'They are of opinion, that neither violence, robbery, or any other Great man. For perjury in the two
nor murther is dfipleafmg to God. If it were, they firfl cafes makes him infamous ; but in this lafl
fay God would not tempt them with an opportunity oath, the Grandee, by whofe name he fwore, fines
;

nay, they fay it would be a fin, not to lay hold of it. him in a great fum of Money and number
of Cows,
One ffmll hear the very Rogues and Cut-throats, fay, for the injury he has done his name. For Cows arecQWU
The Lord is merciful, and will not fuft'er the the moft valuable treafure here. Of which, this is
price of his own blood to be loft on me. More- remarkable (as the fame writer tells us.) that cows
over, they fay they do but follow the example of their are certain to give no milk in Ireland, unlefs either
Fore-fathers ; that this is the only method of liveli- their own calves be fet by them alive, or the skin of
hood they have ; and that it would fully the honour it fluff' d with ftraw, to reprefent the live one; in
of their family, to work for their bread, and give over which they meet with the fcent of their own Matrix.
their defperate adventures. When they are upon the If the cow happens to be dry, a witch is fent for,
road, for robbing, or any other defign, they take par- who fettles the cow's afieEiions upon another calf by
ticular notice who they firfl meet in a morning, that certain herbs, and makes her yield her milk.
they may avoid or meet him again, as their luck an- They feldom marry out of their own town; WMamagej,
fwers that day. 'They reckon it want of fpirit and contract with one another, not de prafenti,
but
courage to be in bed in a (lormy night, and not on an de hituro or elfe agree without deliberation.
; Upon
Adventure, at zvbat difiance foever, for the fake of a this account, the leafl difference generally parts them
;
good prize. Of late, they fpare neither Temples nor the husband taking another wife, and the wife ano- |

Sanctuaries, but rob them, burn them, and murder ther husband ; nor is it certain whether the Central} \

fuch a£ have bid tbemfelves there. be true or falfe, till their dying day. Hence arife
\

"Viciournefs of The vilenefs of the lives of their Priefls is the great wars, rapines, murders, and deadly feuds, about
their Clergy.
cau e j j a // t his; who have converted the Temples fucceffions and inheritances. The caft-off-wives have
into Stews: their whores follow them where-ever they recourfe to the witches ; thefe being looked on as able
go ; and in cafe they find tbemfelves caft
off, they en- to atjlill either the former husband, or the new wife,
deavour revenge the injury by poifon.
to The Church] with barrennefs or impotency, or fome dangerous di-
h the habitation of the Prieft's whores and Baflards V.flemper. All of them are very prone to incefl ; and
there whore,
they drink, murder, and keep their divorces under pretence of confidence are common.\

Cattle. Among thefe wild Irifh, there is nothing Ja-\ Both men and women fet a value upon their hair,
cred no figns of Church or Chapel, fave outwardly} efpecially if it is of a golden colour, and
;
long ; for
no Altars, or aimoftfuch only as are polluted ; and if-they plat it at full length for fhow, and it to fuffer
there be a Crucifix thereon, it is defaced and broken: hang down finely wreath' d, winding about their heads
the facred Veflments are fo nafiy, that they turn one's many ells of fine limien. Which fort of round drefs
ftomach ; their moveable Altar without a crofs is is ufed by all who can compafs it {be they wives or
broken and deform 'd, the Mafs-book torn, and with- firumpets) after child-bed.
out the Canon, and is us'd alfo in all oaths and per- To thefe may be added, abundance of fuperftitiomSufierRitions,
juries ; their Chalice is of leadxmhout a cover, and cuftoms. Whether or no they worffjip the Moon, I
their Communion- cup of horn. The Priefls think of know not ; but when they firfl fee her after the change,
nothing but providing for their Families and getting they commonly bow the knee, and
fay the Lord's
Children. The Retiors turn Vicars, and hold many Prayer and, near the wane, addrefs tljemfelves to ',

Parifhes together ; being great pretenders to the Canon- her with a loud voice after this manner, Leave us
law, but abfolute fhangers to all parts of learning. s well as thou found'ft us. They honour Wolves
The fons fucceed their fathers in their Churches, ha- as Parents, calling them Chari Chrifti, praying*
in fatrimos'.
ving difpenfations for their Baflardy. Thefe will for them, and wifhing them happy ; and then they
not go into Prieft's orders, but commit the charge to think they will not hurt them. They look through the
* PresbyteriS'*' Curates, without any allowance leaving them to live blade-bone of a
; fhoulder of mutton, when the meat
by the Book, i. e. by the fmall oblations at baptifm, pick'd clean off; and if they find a fpot in any
is

unBions, or burials, which proves but a very poor part, they think it portends a Funeral out
of that
maintenance. family. They take any one for a witch that comes to
The fons of thefe Priefls, who follow not their fludies, fetch fire on May-day, and therefore refufe to give
grow generally notorious Robbers. For thofe who are any, unlefs the party asking it be and then it is
fick ;

called Mac Decan, Mac-Pherfon, Mac Ofpac, with an Imprecation : believing, that
all their butter
i. e. the fon of the Dean, Parfon, and Biffjop, are wiH be
ftole the following fummer by this woman.
the greateft Robbers, being enabled by the bounty of On May-day likewife, if they can
find a hare among
their Parents to raifea greater gang of accomplices their herd, they endeavour to kill her, out
of a notion,
and the more, becaufe, in imitation of their Fathers^ that it is fome old witch that has a defign upon their
they keep no hofpitality. The daughters of thefe, butter, ff their butter be flolen, theyfanfy they fhall
if married in their fathers life-time, have good recover it, if they take fome of the thatch that hangs
portions ; but if not3 they either turn whores or beg- over the door, and throw
it into the fire. But they
gars.
think
 1 ;

1 42 of the TR IS H. 1422
think it foretells a plentiful dairy, if they Jet boughs
the falvation of the foul, or making word of God, or
of trees before their houfes on May-day. ; In Towns,
but flatter them with the hopes their wills
of reco-
when any Magi/irate enters upon bis wives
They give them over, if they once define the
Office, the very.
in the ftreets, and the maidens out of the windows, Sacrament. The wives are not follicitous that their
ftrew him and his retinue with -wheat and fait. Ee- husbands fjould make wills, becaufeitisa cuftom,for
fore tJiey fow their field, the wife fends fait to it. them to have a third of his goods; and the refi is to
'To prevent the Kite's fiealing their chickens ; they be diftributed by equal portions among the children |
hang up the egg-(hells in which the chickens wer unkfs the Eflate be feiz.'d by violence, when he that
batch' d, fomewhere in the roof of the Huufe. It is is mightieft, gets the befl ftme ; for he who has mofl
thought unlawful to clean their horfes feet, or curry power, whether Uncle or Nephew, oft-times feiz.es
them, or gather grafs for them, on a Saturday ; the Eflate, excluding thefons. When a fick perfon is
though all this may be done upon their highefi Fefiivah. departing, before he dies, certain
women being hired
If they never lend fire to their neighbours, they mourners, and (landing where four flreets meet, and
imagin it adds to their horfes length of life and fpreading out their hands, make a hideous outcry
health : When the owner of a horfe eats eggs, he fuited to the occafion, and endeavour to flay the de-
maft be very careful to eat an even number, other- parting foul, by recounting what bleffings he enjoys tri
wife they endanger the horfes. Jockeys are not al- goods, wives, beauty, fame, kindred, friends, and
low d to eat eggs ; and whatever horjeman does it, horfes; asking him, why he will depart, to what place
he mufi wafb his hands immediately after. When a and to whom he would go ? and, expofiulathig with thi
horfe dies, the mafier hangs up the feet and legs in Soul, they accufe it of ingratitude, and at lajl complain
the houfe, and looks upon the very hoofs as jacred. that the expiring foul tranfmigrates into Night-haggs
If one praije a horfe, or any other creature, he mufi (a fort of women that appear at night,
and in the
cry, God fave him, or fpit upon him ; and if any dark ;) but when the foul is once departed, they
fall
mifchief befalls the horfe within three days, they find into mournings, clapping of hands, and hideous how-
out the perjon who commended him, who is to whif- lings. They attend the funeral with fo much noife t
perthe Lord's Prayer at his right ear. 'They believe, that a man would think the living, as well as the
that the eyes of fame people bewitch their horfes; and dead, paft recovery. At thefe Mournings, the ntirfest
in fitch cafes, they repair to certain old women, who daughters, and fir umpets, are mofl paffionately for-
by muttering a few prayers, fet them right again. rowful ; nor do they lefs bemoan thofe who arejlain
"The horfes feet are very much fubjeel to a worm :
in the field, than others that dye in their beds ; though
which, creeping upwards, multiplies exceedingly, and they fay, it
eafier death of the two, to die is the
at loft corrupts the body. The remedy in this cafe, fighting or robbing. They rail at their adverfary
is thus: They fend for a witch, who mufi be brought with the utmoft fpite, and bear an immortal hatred
to the horfe on tzvo Mondays and one Thurfday ; at againfl all his kindred. They think the fouls of the
which times, breathing upon the part affected, and deceafed are in company with the famom men of thofe
repeating her charm, the horfe recovers. Many give places ; concerning whom they retain many flories and
a good price for the knowledge of this charm, and fonnets, a* of the gyants, Fin-Mac-Huyle, Osfhirt
are [worn-, not to divulge it. Mac-Osfhin, and are fo far deluded as to think
They think, the women have peculiar charms for they often fee them.
all evils, fbard and diftributed among them and ; As to their diet, they delight in herbs, efpecia/ly Diet*
therefore they apply to them according to their feveral creffes,mufhrooms, and roots ; fo that Strabo had
Ailings. They begin
and conclude their Inchant- reafon call them iro^dyoi, i. e. Eaters
to
of herbs;
ments with a Pater-ncfter and Ave-Maria. Wlmi for which, in fome copies, it is falfly read 7ro W? *>/,
any one gets a fall, he fprings up, and turning about i. e. Gluttons. They love butter mixd with oat-
three times to the right, digs a hole in the ground with meal, milk, whey, beef-broth, and flefh, oft-times
his knife or fword, and cuts out a turf; for they without bread. What corn they have, they lay up
* Ttrramum- imagin * there is a fpirit in the earth. In cafe he for their horfes, which they take great care of. When
hram reddere. grow
fick in two or three days after, they fend one of they are fharp-fct, they make no fcruple to eat raw
their Women skill''d in that way, to the place, where fiejh, after they havefqueezed out the blood ; to digefi
file fays, I call thee P. from the eafi, weft, foath and which, they drink Ufquebaugh in great quantities,
north, from the groves, the woods, the rivers, the They let their Cows blood
which, after it is curdled
;

fens, from the fairies, red, black, white, &c. And andfpread with butter, they eat very greedily.
after feme (hart ejaculations, fhe returns home to the They generally go bare-headed, fave when they wear Garment
fick perfon, to fee whether it be the difeafe Efane a head-piece ; having a long head of hair, with
(which they imagin is infilled by the Fairies,) and curled Gleebes, which they highly value, and takeGkehes.
whifpers in his ear another fhort prayer, and a Pater- it hainoufly if one twitch or pull them. They wear
nofter ; after which, fhe puts coals into a pot of clear linnen * very large, with wide fieeves
fhifts, down to* Indufus.
water, and then paffes a better judgment upon the di- their knees, which they generally dye with faffron.
flemper, than all the Phyficians. They have woollen jackets, but very fhort ; plain
Their armies of horfemen, and of f veterane breeches, clofe to their thighs ; and over thefe they
confifi
Annies.
f- Triariis- foldiers (whom they call Gallo- caft their mantles or fhag-rugs, which tfidore feems Mzntles,
referved for the rear
glafies, and who fight with fbarp hatchets,) and of to m// Heteromalla;,
firing' d with an agreeable mix- Hsuromatix,
light-arm d foot (they call them Kernes,) armed ture of colours, in which they
wrap themfehes up,
Jacalh with I! darts and daggers. W/ien horfe or foot march and fleep upon the bare ground. Such
\\ alfo do the
ameatatis, out of the gate, they think it a good omen to be Imx,- women cafl over the garment which comes down to
z.a'd ', and if not, they think it forebodes ill. They their ankles, and they load their heads (as I faid)
uje the bag-pipe in their wars inflead of a trumpet rather than adorn them, with feveral ells of fine
they carry Amulets about them, and repeat fhort prayers, linnen roll'd up in wreaths, as they do their necks
and when they engage, they cry out as loud at they with neck-laces, and their arms with bracelets.
can, Pharroh (which, I fuppofe, is that military
Barritus, of which Ammianmfpeaks,) believing, Thefe are the Manners and Cuftoms of the
that he who joins not in the general fhout, will be Wild Irifh, defcrib'd out of
the aforefaid Au-
fnatch' d from the ground, and hurried as it were upon thor As for the reft, who inhabit the English The :
Erig-
the wing through the air (avoiding ever after the Pale (as theycall it, ) rhey are not defective in'i" P aI«- 1

See that fi$t °f mm

) im a certain valley in Kerry ; as I any point of civility or good breeding; which
County, have already faid. they owe to the Englifh Conqueft : and much
Sick perfons. T'hofe who are about the fick, never mention a happier would ic have been for the whole Eland,
had
H 2
3
The Ancient and Modern Cuftoms, ©V. i 42 +
had they not been blinded with a ftubborn con- but corrupt the Englifli among them ; and it is
ceit of their own Cuftoms, in opposition to fcarce credible how lbon thefe will degenerate :
much better. But the Irifli are fo wedded to Such a pronencfs there is in human nature, to
thofe, that they not only retain 'em themfelves, grow worfe.

•See tie ami That 1 would give feme account of the O-Neals, who pretend to le
County of J Juft
JL
jjtjt
m
-i-,
Uifter
intimated,
Lords of
-Oen, ; and I promts 'd anexcellent Friend if mine a Hiftory of the Rebellions which they have
rais'd in f . c
410. our age. The' that Gentleman is now happy in a better world, yet I had fo high an efleem
of him, that J; n ^J*'
cannot but perform my Fromife to his very Memory. This only I think neceffary to lie premifed, '
that my Mate- '

rials are not drawn from uncertain Reports, or other weak Authorities, but from the Original
Papers which came
from the Generals, and from fuch as were Eye-witnejfes,
Eye-witneffes, and had a fhare in the Tranfailions ; and
that
/have ve handed them fo ftmereh. that 1
lo fmcerely, I doubt not of
of the thanks of all
thmil>< of ffW01r who
Curh Readers
all fuch *n/™ feek
r» a j, £,.. n*....*i- -_.
for Truth in ear-
nefl, and defire to be let into the Affairs of Ireland, which are fo much a fecret to mofi men ; hoping to efcape
the Cenfure of all, except thofe who fball be galled at a true Refrefentation of their own wicked ASions. '
II This Ac-
count of the
O-Niah, be-
ing merely
Hiijorical, is
placed in the
Appendix,

THE
 The Smaller

ISLANDS
I N TH E

BRITISH OCEAN.

8 S
 GENERAL HEADS
I N TH E

BRITISH ISLANDS.
S L AND S on the Weft of Britain.
;
1437
The IJle of Man.
1430.
A new Survey and Defcription of the
IJle of Man. \
1441
The Hebrides, or Wejiern Ijles.
146'r
The Orcades, or Ifles of Orkney.
1465
The Thule of the Ancients.
1481
A Difcourfe concerning the Thule of the Ancients.
1485
Iflands in the German Ocean. 1501
Iflands in the Britifh Ocean.
1505
Britijh Iflands on the Coaft of France.
1507
Particularly, Jersey.
1508
Guernsey. 1513
The CaJ/iterides, or Silly IJlands.
1519
The Conclufion.
1525

THE
[

433 [434

The Smaller

ISLANDS
I N T H E

BRITISH OCEAN.
VFIL L nowfet failfrom Ireland, and
take a Survey of the IJlands fcatter'd up-
on the Coaft of Britain. If I could depend
upon my own fufficiency for the Work, I
would vifit every one of them: but fince my
Defign is only Antiquities fuch of them as
;

are of little note, 1 jhall pafs by, but fuch

as are more eminent, I will land at, and make fome fhort Jlay
in ; that now at lajl,I may be fo happy as to reftore them to
the honour of their refpeclive Antiquities.
That Voyage may be regular and orderly, I will Jleer
this

my from Ireland to the Severn-Sea

courfe, and from the ;

Irifh-Sea (after I have doubVd the utmofl Point of Scotland)

to the German Ocean from hence, I will fail as fuccefsfully
;

as I may, through the Britifh Sea, which reach'd as far as

Spain. But not without apprehenfion, that this Ship of An-
tiquity, having fo unskilful a Pilot, will now and then touch
upon the rocks of Error, or fink in the depths of Ignorance.
However, I am embark' d, and muftgo through t 'a »«> i'P;w©., ; w
i. e. Courage is the bell Pilot, fays Antiphilus and who- ;

ever Jhall follow me, may perhaps make a more fuccefsful

Voyage.
8 T But
1 4-35 The British Islands. 1436

But fitft, it will not be foreign to my Bujinejs, to Jet down

what Plutarch reports ojtheje Ijlands in general, from a fabu-
whofeems to have liv'd in the time of
lous relation of Demetrius,
Hadrian : That, of the Iflands about Britain,* great part are
Defolate and Solitary fome of which are confecrated to Da>
;

mons,or Demy Gods and, That himfelf, at the command of

:

the Emperor, fail'd out of curiofity to one that was neareft

thefe, where he found few Inhabitants, but thofe

look'd

upon by the Britains, as facred and inviolable. Not

long after he arriv'd there, the weather grew foul and ve-
ry tempeftuous, and there followed a terrible ftorm of
wind and thunder, which at length ceafing, the Inhabi-

tants told him, that one of the * Heroes was deceafed. A***^
Jay, That in one of thofe Iflands, Saturn
is
little after he
detained prifoner, and faft a-fleep, in the cuftody of Bria-
reus That fleep is inftead of chains and fetters and, That
;
;

he has feveral of thofe Damons about him for attendants.

Thus our fore-fathers, as we at this day, took the liberty of tel-
ling monftrous things of Placesfar off; which, it muft be
own'd,

is a fafe way of Romancing.

ISLANDS
Blank inserted to ensure correct page position
v^hhbi

&
o
c
H37 H3 8

.-**. .-*, .-*• _rJ*

Starlings flock in luch numbers, tnat one ran iserajey, max nq tm rporra vj xttrax. cue inajunu*;. "
hardly come at them for dung. But why do I * infer from the figniheation of the word, that SafeI y in! er*
11

enlarge upon this, when Sir Thomas Delamere-, this is it, which Ptolemy calls Edri, anJPIi-£j „ eri
r Se
||

*
Knight, has already defcribM it ; where he ny Andros, or Adros, as fome Copies have it. i n Wexfori
tells us, how poor King Edward the fecond For Ader among the Britains fignines a bird jwhieh fje.
endeavour'd to fhelter himfelf here from his and fo the Englifh in the fame fenfe cail'd it
after-
 H37 [
43 8

ri S LAN
T O T H E
DS
WEST of BRITAIN.!
N the Severn-Sea, there troublefome Wife and rebellious Barons. Lon-
firfl ap
pear two fmall Iflands. Tin day
(fays he) is an Jfland fituate in the mouth of
one, being flat and level, i: fxo miles over, every .way ; full of
the Severn, about
called Flatholme, fame good
in the pafture, and welt flock'd with Rabbets, Pigeons,
fenfe with Planarie in Italy and Starlings (Alexander Necham calls them Ga-
the other being fteep, is call'd nimedes's Birds,) which are breeding continually.
Stephotme. Stephohne, and in Britifli Reo- Though it is encompafs d with the Sea, yet it affords

ric ; but the Britains call'd both Eclmi, and the Inhabitants jrefh Spring-water. It has only one

Holmes. we call both Holmes ; tor fo the Saxons nam'd way to it, which is fo firait that two men can hardly
a graffy plot ot" ground enclofed with water. walk a-breafl. On all fides elfe, the horrible fieep
They are not famous lor any thing m
Anti- Rocks make it inacceffible. Our Historians fcarce
quity, but for the Danes harbouring there, ention it, but on the account of William de
and for the burial of Guakh, a Britain of great Marifco, a mifchievous Pirat, who from hence
piety, whole Difciple Barruch has given name infefted thefe coafts in the reign of Henry the
Barry. to the Ifle of Barry in Wales, as we learn third. In Edward the third's time, it was part
Giraldu?, Monument of the Church of of the cftate of the Lutterels.
from an ancient
v. p. 739.
Landaft" ; and the Iiland it felf has done the From hence we arrive at Greftolme, Stockholme, c „
fame to the Barries, a noted family in Ire- and Scalemy, lying at the very bend or turn- st^khoS,
Silly. land. Hard by this, lies Silly, a fmall Iiland ing of Pembrokfhire In thefe there is good Scalemy.
:

upon the coaft of the antient Silures, of which ftore of grafs and plenty of wild thyme. I
word the prefent name has very plain foot- was heretofore ot Opinion, that this Scalemy
fteps j as has alfo a fmall Town over-againft was the Silitnmts of Pliny ; but fince, I bavesilimmis.
it, in Glamorganfhire. Yet I dare not affirm had reafofl to be of another mind. For the
this to be the Silura, or Infula Silurum, which Silhnnm in Pliny may probably, from the re-
Solinus fpeaks of ; becaufe there are other femblance of the two names, be the * Limni in * z&mbai in
Iflands of the fame name, at a great difhnce Ptolemy. That this Limni is the fame which Ireland,^*?*.
from the Silures. the Britains call'd Lymen, is clear from the
Caldey. From hence we arrive at Caldey, in Britifh name it felf, tho* the Englifh have given it
Inifpir, pretty near the fhore and over-againft another, viz.. that of Ramfey. It ties over-againft R lim fer
;

Londey. it, more into the Sea, is Londey, which

* faces the Epifcopal See of St. David, to which it
'SpsRans *'
Devonfliire, being fourteen miles from the Pro- belongs ; and was famous in the f hft age for j. 50 fa ;,j
montory Hertmfs in that County. This is the death ot 'Juftinian a holy man, who in thatann. 1607.
reckon a the larger of the two, and yet not. fruitful age ot Saints retir'd hither out of Bre-
much above two miles broad, and a mile long ; gne in France ; and, having for a long time
and is fo pent in with rocks, that there is no devoted himfelf wholly to God, as a Hermit,
coming to it, but by one or two Entrances. here, he was at laft flain by *a fenfant, and ca- * Se rvuJa.
Here has formerly been a Fort ; the ruins' nomVd tor a Martyr. In the hiftory of his
of which, as alfo the remains of St. Helen's lite, this Iiland is often call'd Infula Lemeneia ;

Chapel, are flill viiible. Heretofore, it has been which name, compared with that ot Limen (as
plow'd, as is manifefl from the furrows ; but the Britains call it ) fhews the fupinenefs of
now all their gain and profit arifes from that Writer, who would have the Ifland next
the Sea-fowl, with which it abounds. No trees above it to be Ptolemy's Limnos ; call'd at pre-
grow in it, except {linking elders, to which the fent by the Welfh Enhly, and by the Englifh
Starlings flock in fuch numbers, that one can Berdfey, that is, an Ifland of Birds. One mayBerdfey.
" ~

hardly come at them for dung. But why do I * infer from the Bonification of the word, that* S3f el inf er j .>'

enlarge upon this, when Sir 'Thomas Delamere, II

Knight, has already defcrib'd it ; where he
tells us, how poor King Edward the fecond
endeavour'd to fhelter himfelf here from his
this is it, which Ptolemy calls Edri, andPli-S, »
ny Andros, or Adros, as lome Copies have it- in iVcxf%d
*
For Ader among the Britains fignifies a bird jwhieh f.-e.
and fo the Englifh in the fame fenfe call'd it
after-
 +39 The British Islands. I44O
afterwards Btrijey. The name Enhlj is modern, it belong'd ; till Henry Deney Bifllop of Bangor,
and deriv'd trom a certain Religious pcrfon, as we read in the Canterbury-Hiftory, reco-
who liv'd a Hermit here. For this Hie (which ver 'd it by the affiftance of a Fleet and Army,
on the eaft flioots out in a high Promontory, in Henry the feventh's time ) To the
: eaft, be-
but on the weft is level and fruitful) has been low it, Tnis Ligoi, that is, the Ijle of Mice Ynis Ligodv ;

formerly inhabited by fo many Saints, that, and Preftholme, i. e. the lfle of Priefls ; where Prcflholme.
without reckoning Dubritim and Merlin the I faw nothing, but the * Steeple of St. Cyriacs * a 'ram tur-
?
Caledonian, no fewer than twenty thoufand are Chapel, '""'
vifible The neigh-
at a great diftance.
faid in ancient Hiftorics to buried in it.
lie bours report incredible things of the number
Mona N
ext t0 tl,j S) j s jy[ona or tne jfj c Q £ jfigfcfey ; of Sea-fowls breeding here ; and, what is no
6 y call'd by the Eritains
'
Mm, Tir-Mon, and his lefs ftrange, of a Caufey that went out from
Dtrwyl/, that is, the Dark Ifland ; and by the hence through the Sea, to the foot of that huge
Saxons cponege of which I have already
: Mountain call'd Peu-Maen-Maur, for the con-
t In Wales, t fpoken. venience of fuch as came in Pilgrimage hither.
Near
Anglefey, lie three leller Iflands To I take no notice of Lambey, a fmall Ifland
:

Moyl Rhoni-the northweft, Moyl Rhoniad, that Lambey.

is, the Me of over-againft this upon the Iriih fhore
; though
Seals (This was unjuftly detain'd by certain Alum has been fought there, at the great
:
ex- [.Lately
||
c
Invaders, trom the Bifhops of Bangor, to whom pence of the Undertakers.

[The ISLE of MAN.-]

ORE northward, lies the Inland. The chief Town is Ruffln, fituate on p^rr;,,
or
Mona which Csfar mentions, the fouth-fide of the Ifland ; which, from a Caftle-town.
fituate, as he fays, in the Caftie with a garrifon therein, is commonly
middle between Britain and call'd Caftle-town. Here, at Cajlle-town, within
Mona
Ireland. Ptolemy calls it a little lfle, Pope Gregory the fourth, fis faid
or Me
navia. Monoeda, Mon-eitha, that is to have erected an Epifcopal See, the Biihop
1
Epifropns So-
(if I may be allow'd a con- of which (nam'd Sedorenfis, from the
Ifland as d °r e nfo.
jecture ) the more remote Mona, to diftinguifll is believ'd,) had formerly jurifdiction over all the S " bel° w "

from the other Mona or Anglefey. Pliny calls Iflands of the Hebrides. But it is now
it
limited to
tib. 2. c. 9. Monabia Orojins, Menavia
'c ; and Bede, Me- this Ifland ; and his Metropolitan is the Archbi-
;

In a certain navia feeunda by whom Mona or Anglefey is fhop of York. This Bifllop has neither Seat
;

copy of Nini- called Memrvia prior, and both,

Britifb Iflands ; nor Vote, among the Lords of Parliament in
yet I ™ uft "° te that k ' S faIfl v read M™ania, ill England. The mod populous Town is Duglas; rj
AfMO^Gm* ' -
u ,

Ninius, who goes alio by the tor it has the beft harbour, and the moft "S "
'
Hdln,
tne fe Writers.
ealie
name of Gildas, calls it Eubonia and Manaw entrance, and is frequented by the French
;
and
the Britains call it Menaw, the Inhabitants Ma- other foreigners, who bring
hither their Bay-
lting, and the Englifh, the Ijle of Man. It lies falt, and buy up the Commodities of the
Bland,
the middle between the north farts of Ireland and via,. Leather,
coarfe Wooll, and fait Beef. On
Britain (fays Giraldus Cambrenfis ) and this the fouth-fide
; of the Ifland, ftands Bala Curt, Bala
Cur!,
rais d no jmall difpute among the Ancients, to -which where the Bifllop
generally refides ; and the
Country it belong d. At loft, the difference was Pile, a Fort erected in a fmall Ifland, and
de- pile,
thus adjufled Since it appear d, that venomous Crea- fended by a pretty
:
good garrifon. Before the
tures ( brought over for the experiment ) would live fouth Promontory,
lies a little Ifland which
here ; it ivas unanimoufiy adjudg'd to Britain. Yet they call the Calf of Man, where are great
the Inhabitants are very like the Irifh, both in ftore of
Puffins, and of thofe Ducks and Drakes
Speech and Manners ; but not without fome- faid to breed in rotten wood,
which the Eng-
thing of the Norwegians too. liill call Bernacles, and the Scots f Clakes and So-
It is from north to fouth about thirty Italian land + Thole of
Geefe. Smlml are
Miles in length ; but, in the wideft part, not _

What remains concerning this Ifland, is ad- 4 uice °f ano*

above fitteen broad ; nor above eight, in the ded out of a Letter which 1
rcceiv'd from the ther kini "
narrower!. In Eede's time, it contain'd three moft learned and Right reverend
Father in God,
hundred families, and Mona nine hundred and John Meryk, Bifllop of this
See. this Ifland
fixty : at prefent it has feventeen Parifli- not only
Jupplies its ow-n wants with its own cattle,
Churches. It produces Flax and Hemp in great jfli, and corn ; but, by the
induflry of the Inhabitants
plenty ; and here are good Paflures and Corn- nore than the goo dnej soft lie Soil, it
exports great quan-
fields. It has good ftore of Barley and Wheal, .ms
of Corn every year, "the happinefs which the lfle
but efpecially of Oats; and for this reafon the enjoys, is ozviug to nothing more, than the government
People generally feed upon oat-bread. All ovi r •if the Earl of Derby, who at his own proper charges
the Ifland, are great herds of Cattle, and flocks iefends it with a /landing guard
againfl its neigh-
of Sheep ; but both Sheep and Cattle are (like bouring enemies, and lays out the greateft part
of
thofe in their neighbouring Country of Ireland) the revenue upon All eaufes
it. are decided here
much lefs than in England, and not fo well without writing or expense, by certain judges whom
headed. The want of wood for fuel, is fup- they choofe among themfelves, and call Deemfters.
Delimiter!.
ply'd by a bituminous turf ; in digging tor For the Magiftrate takes up a Stone, and after he
which, they often find trees bury'd under- liasmark'd it, gives it to the Plaintiff ; by virtue
ground. In the middle, the lfle is mountai- whereof he fummons his witnejjes and the Defendant.
nous ; the higheft Hill is Sceafell, from which in If the cafe is difficult, and of confequence,
Sceafell. it is re-
a clear day they can fee Scotland, England, and ferred to the hearing of \\ twelve men, whom they || Now 24.
call
 r

144- The ISLE of MAN. l

W-
Keys of the call the Keys of the Ifland. They have alfo Cc- England. They are great enemies
11
to the Difirdcrs and
^ "ners, cM''<L Amtos execute the office of She- Cmifufions, Civil and Ecclefiajlical,
; ii)ho
Anne of the neighbouring
riff!. As
the Ecclefiaftical Judge, he cites the Countries.
for And as the whole Ifle is divided into
Parties, and determines the Caufe, and in eight days two parts,
fouth and north ; the Language of this
they mufl either obey his Sentence, or go to
Gaol. As comes near the Scotch, and of the other, near the
their Language is peculiar, fo likewife
were their Irifh.
Laws and Money, as I have been told ; which are
pgns of a diflintl faveraigmy. the Ecclefiaftical Thus far, is a general Account of the Ifle of
I

Lazes in fine here, come nearer the Civil than Ca- Man, and of the Laws
* formula/ and Ufages thereof, as
'«. ncn Law. Neither Judges nor * Clerks have any they flood in the reign of
King James the firft.
Fees. As for thefe Witchcrafts Spoken of by Eng- Which being much too fhorr, and
the flate
lifh writers, there is no fuel) thing here. The richer and manner of Places, Perfons, and Things, ha-
fort imitate the Gentry of Lancaftrire, in fplendid ving alfo been much alter'd fince that time,
living and a franknefs of temper. The women ne- I will here fubjoin a very exact and particular
ver ...
flir abroad
>..,, but with
u «t» „«!. mil' lijc
theirII winding
UJIIMttlg fleets about Account of this Ifland, as it
UUUUl
t jrji-et-3
was drawn, at my
them, to put them in mind of mortality. If a woman requeft, by the prefent
pious and learned Bi-
+Now *«*£** be tried and receive fentenceof death, {he is \jewd~ Jhop
fhop thereof, Dr. Thomas Wilfon
thereof-, Wilfon, and courtt-
courte-
m a fnck Gttd tlmwn f iom a R ° ck «*» thE Sea oufly communicated to me by his Lordfhip, to
TwWi'utes 7 ,

Jteatozg, and
]
begging from door to door, is
-

wiver-lbe inferted in this Work, in ord.^r to fuoply

who are '

burnt. Jatty detefted. The people are -wonderful religious J the Defeds of all former Accounts.
and, to a man, zjeakufly conformable to the Church oji

c>4 new Survey and Defcription of the Isle of Mas.

Name. fc ^gf^&^g-^ ^blyE I He °f Man,

very proba- ten, foot deep, yet by Husbandry and burning
had the "Name it goes by they have got a Surface which
will bear the
now, from the Saxon word Plow. And the fame place fupplies the neigh-
OQanj, Among,
as lying, al- bourhood both with Bread and
Fuel. In this
raoft at an equal diftance, be-
place, have been found very large Trees
of
tween the Kingdoms of Eng- Oak and Fir, fome two foot and
a half Dia-
land,
Scotland, Ireland and meter and forty foot long, fuppos'd
by the In-
Wales. Hence
that the neighbouring na- habitants to have lain here fince the
it is,
Deluge.
tions ufe the expreffions Mancks-men, Mancks- The Oaks and
Firs do not lie promifcuoufly,
Language, &c. but where there are plenty of one fort, there
Extent and The extent and fituation of this Ifland is are generally few or none of the other.
Situation. In
exafl enough according to Mr. Camden, and fome places of
this Traft, there is a remarka-
need not here be repeated. Let this only be ble Layer of Peat for fome
miles together, of
added, That Bifllop's-Court, which is near the two or three foot thick
under a Layer of Gra-
middle of the Ifland, lieth in the fifty fourth de- vel, Clay, or Earth, two,
three, and even four
gree, fixteen minutes, of Northern Latitude. foot thick.
It lies fo directly in the chops of the Chanel A high Ridge of Mountains runs almoft the Mounter-
that runs betwixt Scotland and Ireland, that
length of the Ifland, which iupply the
Inhabi-
if this Ifland did not very much break the
tants quite round with Water and Fire.
Abun-
force of the Tides and wefterly winds, it might
dance of little Rivulets and Springs of excellent
be much worfe for that part of England which
Water (by the fides of which the Inhabitants
lies oppofite to it. have for the moft part built their Houfesj
run
The Soil. The Soil in this, as in moft other Places, is hence to the Sea, and the fides
of the Moun-
very different. The Lime-Hone ground to the tains are flored with Heath, and an
excellent
South, is as good as can be delir'd. The Peat for Fuel. The higbeft of thefe Moun-
Mountains are cold, and confequently lefs fruit- tains is call'd Snafield : it's
heighth, as taken Snafield
ful, here as well as elfewhere. The Vaileys by an exact Barometer, being about five hun-
betwixt them afford as good Pafture, Hay, ana dred and eighty yards
; the Mercury fubfiding
Corn, as in moft other places. Towards the, two Indies and one
tenth. From the Top of
North indeed there is a dry, barren, fandy this Mountain they have
a fair Profpeft of Eng-
earth, but then this might, and no doubt in land, Scotland,
Ireland and IVales.
time will be help'd, when once the Husband- The Air is fliarp and cold in Winter ; but
man comes to know the value of M..rle (of then this muft be underftood -n Alr '

of fuch Places
which there is good ftore in the Northern Pa- only as are expos'd to
the Winds, which, con-
rifhes) and can be perfwaded to make ufe of it, fidering the Situation,
muft needs be very boi-
which yet he is not willing to do finding the fterous. But in all fuch Places as have a natu-
;

Improvements made by Liming the ground to ral flielter, or an artificial

from Trees, the
yield a prefent great advantage, with lefs charge Air is as mild as in
Lancaflme the Froiis be- ;
than that of Marling. ing fhort, and the Snow not lying long
on the
Curragh. A large trad of Land call'd the Curragh, runs [round, cfpecially near the Sea.
the breadth of the Ifle betwixt Ballaugh and This is plain from the Improvements
that
Ramfea. It was formerly a Bog, but fince it have been made, in fuch
places where their. ;
has been drain'd, it is one of the richeft parts Orchards and Gardens
produce as good Fruit
of the Ifland ; and though the Peat is fix, eight, and Neceflaries (or the
Kitchen, as in any of
8 the U
 H4-3 The British Islands. H44
the neighbouring Countries. But if the winds [there is a Rock, out of which are wrought long
be frequent and fometimes troublcfome, they JBeams ( if one may ufe that expreifion) of
are alio wholfome and drive away noxious Va- tough Stone, fit for Mantle-trees of twelve or
pours ; fo that it has been truly obferv'd, that fifteen foot long, and ftrong enough to bear
the Plague was never remember'd to be here, the weight of the higheft Stack of Chim-
and the Inhabitants, for the moft part, live to neys.
a good old age. Mines of Coal there are none, tho' feveral Mines,
Cattle. The Black Cattle and Horfes are generally attempts have been made to find them. But
lefs than thofe of England ; but as the Land ot Lead, Copper, and Iron there are feveral, and

improves, fo do thefe, and of late there have fome of them have been wrought to good ad-
been fome bred here as large as in other pla- vantage, particularly the Lead of which Ore ;

ces. They have indeed a fmall hardy breed of many hundred Tuns have of late been fmelted,
Horfes in the Mountains, very much coveted and exported. As for the Copper and Iron Ores,
by Gentlemen abroad for their Children ; but they are certainly better than at prefent they
befides thofe, they breed Horfes of a fizefit ei- are thought to be ; having been often try'd and
ther for the Plow or the Saddle. approved of by Men skill'd in thofe matters.
In the Mountains they have alfo a fmall However, either thro' the ignorance of the un-
breed of Swine call'd Purrs, or wild Swine : not dertakers, or by the unfaithfulneis of the work-
that they are Fera Natura or wild (for every men, or for fome other caufe, no great matter
Man knows his own ) but becaufe they are has yet beenmade of them.
bred and live continually in the Mountains This Ifland has had many Matters. They Kings and
without coming to their Houfes, and both theft have an old Tradition, and it has got a Place Lords of
Man
and the wild Sheep are counted incomparabh
'
in the Records, that one Mananan Mac-Lh a
meat. Amongft the Sheep they have fome Necromancer was the firft Proprietor, and that
call'd Loughtau of a Butt' colour the Wool is : tor a long time he kept the Iiland under Miffs,
fine, and makes a pretty Cloth without any that no ftranger cou'd find it, till St. Patrick

dye. broke his charms. But a late Irifh * Antiquary * Flahani,

2*
Noxious Ani- feveral noxious Animals, fuch as gives a particular account of this Mananan, viz. p- *7
There are
mala. Badgers, Foxes, Otters, Filmerts, Moles, That his true name was OrbfeniHs, the Son of
Hedge-hogs, Snakes, Toads, &c. which the AUadim a Prince in Ireland ; That he was a fa-
Inhabitants know no more ot, than their mous Merchant, and, irom his trading betwixt
names ; as alfo feveral Birds, fuch as the Wood- Ireland and the Itle of Man, had the name
pecker, the Jay, the Maup,_ 6"c. And it is of Mananan ; and Mac-Lir, i. e. the Son of the
not long, iince a perfon more fanciful, than pru- Sea, from his great skill in Navigation ; and,
dent or kind to his Country, brought in a that he was at laft flain at MoyaiUin in the
breed of Magpies, which have increased incre- County of Gallway in Ireland. And it is not
dibly, fo as to become a nufance. And it is improbable, that the Story of his keeping the
not two years, fmce fome body brought in Iiland under a Miff, might rife rrom this, that
Frogs, which they fay increafe very faff, he was the only perfon, in thofe days, that
Eagles and There is one Airy of Eagles, and at leaft had a Commerce with them.

Hawks. tVl0 of Hawksof a mettled kind for which The Norwegians conquer'd this, when they
:

reafon was that Henry the fourth of Eng- made themfelves Matters of the Weflcrn Iiles,
it

land, in his Letters Patents of the Grant oi this which they fent Kings to govern, who gene-
Hie to Sir John Stanley, firft King and Lord ot rally chofe the I fie of Man for their place of
Man of that name and Family, did oblige Ruiidence. This continued till 1266, when
him, in lieu of all other Services, to prefent there was a very lolemn Agreement made be-
him and his Succeilbrs, upon the day of their twixt Magnw the fourth ot Norway, and Alex-
Quarries of Coronation, with a call of Faulcons. ander the third of Scotland by which, this Iile, ;

Stone. There are not many Quarries of good Stone: amongft the reft, was furrender'd to the Scots
One there is near Caftle-town, which yields a to- for four thoufimd Marks to be paid in four
lerable good black Marble, fit lor Tomb-ftones years, and one hundred Marks yearly. Pur-
and for Flagging of Churches of which fome suant to which, Alexander drives out the King
;

Quantities have of late been fent to London fo: of Man, A. D. 1270. and unites it to Scot-
thofe Ufes. land.
Here are alfo good Rocks of Lime Stone ;
In 13 12. there is a fecond Agreement, be-
which, being Peat or Coal, i
burnt with twixt HacQuin the fifth and Robert the firft of
become a great Improvement of barren Land: Scotland; and in 1425. a third Agreement (all
Thefe Stones, efpecially about Bally-lool, are which are fet down at large in Torfem his Hi-
full of petrify'd Shells of different kinds, and ftory of the Orcades.)
II But before this laft y^i^j^^
fuch as are not now to be found on thefe Agreement, the Ifland was in pollelfion of John
Coafts. Lord Stanley and of Man, who had it given
There are Peel of a him by Henry the fourth, A. D. 1405. How-
fome few Rocks about
red Free-ftone, capable of being fbrm'd into ever, tor as much as by the laft Agreement
regular fhapes ; but the grcateft part of the betwixt the Kings ot Norway and Scotland, the
Quarries are a broken Rag-Stone, fometime latter claimed a right to this Iiland, the Lords
riling in courfe uneven Flags, or in irregular of Man were obliged to keep a
conftant itand-

Lumps, fit only for coarfe Walls, with which ing Army and Gsrrifoos for the Defence of it,
neverthelefs they make a ihift to build good till the Reign of King James the firft of Eng-
fubftantial Houfes ; tho' an Englifh Mafon wou'd land. And in this Honourable Houfe it has
not know how to handle them, or wou'd call continued ever fince, except lor twelve years

their Walls, as one merrily did, a Caufeway during the Civil Wars, when it was given by
rear'd up upon an edge. the Parliament to the Lord Fairfax ; but re-
Here are alfo a good many Quarries of a turned to its ancient Lords at the Reftora-
blew, thin, light Slate, one of the beft cove- cion.
rings for Houfes ; of which good Quantities are Tho' this Ifland (as the Lord Cook fays) be
exported. And at a place call'd the Spanish-Head-, no parcel of the Realm of England; yet it is
part
J
445 The ISLE of MAN. 1446
part of the Dominions of the King of England, words Clogh
ayns Corneil dty Hie
j ny KWagh
to whom therefore
Allegiance is referv'd in Mcar, May
one of the Church be found
i. e. a ft

all publick Oaths adminifler'd here. in

thy Dwelling-houfe.
the corner of
And
The Lords of it have tor a long time wav'd though the Covetoufnefs of fome have taken
the title of Kings, and now are only ftil'd advantage of the former great Poverty of the
Lords of Man and the Ifles ; though they ftill Clergy, and of the little power they had to
have moll of the Regalia, as the giving the defend themfelves in the Bifhop's abfence from
final All cut to all new Laws, and the power of his Dioce/e, to introduce Prtftriptions (which
pardoning offenders, of changing the fentence yet, it the obfervations of the people are juft,
of Death into Banifliment, of" appointing and they have no great reafon to boaif of,-) yet the
difplaciug the Governour and Officers ; with a piety of fome others has led them to fling up
Right to all Forfeitures for Treafon, Felony, fuch Prefcriptions, which are fo very injurious
Felo de fe, &e. to the Rights or' the Church, and of (o evil an
The manner of the Lord of Man's invefti- example, and an handle for others to attempt
The manner
of holding a
ture, and receiving the homage of his people the fame injuftice.
Tinwald. at his fu-fr. acceffion, was this He was to fit
; The Inhabitants are laborious enough ; and
on the Tinwald-Hill, in the open air, in a thofe who think themotherw ife, becaufe Im-
chair ot (late, with a royal cloth or canopy provements go fo flowly on, do not fee the diffi-
over his head his face to the eaft (towards a
; culties that too many of them have to ftruggle
Chapel eaftward of the hill, where there are the prcfent Lord of Man has, to Aft of Sec
with. Indeed,
publick Prayers and a Sermon on thefe occa- his great honour, remov'd one of the heavieft tlement.
sions) and his Sword before him, hoiden with difcouragements to Industry and future Im-
the point upward. His Barons, to, the Bi-provements. His Lordfhip, at his acceffion,
fhop and Abbot, with the reft in their degrees, round his people complaining, as their An-
lat befide him ; his Beneficed men, Council,cestors had been tor more than one hundred
and Deemfters fat before him His Gentry and
. years, of the uncertainty of their Holdings;
Yeomanry in the third degree, and the twenty they claiming an ancient Tenure which they
four Keys in their order, and the Commons, call'd, The Tenure of the Strain, by which they
flood without the circle, with three Clerks in might leave their Eftates to Pofterity under
their furplices. certain Rents, Fines and Services, which his
Governour. The Lord fends a Governour, Lieutenant or Officers could not allow of, becaufe of the
Captain, who conftantly relides at Caftle-toixn, many breaks that had been made by Leafes, &c.
where he has a handfome houfe, fab.ry, and in that manner of Holding. He therefore ap-
other conveniences befitting his ftation. He is pointed Commissioners to treat with hispeople in
to take care that all Officers, Civil and Mili- his prefence, and at lafl came to a Refolution to
tary, difcharge their trulls and duty. He is flore them by a publick Aft of Tinwald to a
Chancellor, and to him there is an Appeal in Tenure of Inheritance, under certain Fines. &c.
matters of Right and Wrong, and from him to And the very great improvements which have
the Lord, and finally (if occafion be) to the fince been made, fhew plainly, that there,
King of England in Council. wanted fuch a Settlement to encourage Indu-
The Governour's Oath is fomething peculiar. ftry, and the prefent and future Ages will
He is fworn to do right betwixt the Lord and have reafon to remember it with the
greateft
his people, as uprightly as the Staff (the Enfign fenfe of Gratitude.
of his authority, then in his hand) now ftandeth, But to return to the Inhabitants ; w hofeLansuage. :

that it may be a constant Monitor to him of the Language is the Erft, or a Dialect of that fpoken
obligations he lies under. in the Highlands of Scotland, with a mixture of
Inhabitants.
The Inhabitants are an orderly, civiliz'd fome words of Greek, Latin, and Welih ; and
:

people, and courteous enough to ftrangurs ; many of Englifh Original, to exprefs the names
j

and if they have been otherwife reprefented, it! of things which were not formerly known to
has been by thofe that knew them not, or per-] the people of this iQand ; whofe ancient sim-
haps it is becaufe they have fenfe enough to plicity of living and fpeaking appears in many
fee when (hangers (who are too apt to have Inltances. Thus, for example ; they do not
a mean opinion of them) would go about to generally reckon the "time in Mancks, bv the
impofe upon thern, which they are not willing hours of the day, but by the Tra Shhveipj,
to fuffer, if they can help it. the Service-time, viz,, nine in the morning
They have ever had a profound refpect for! three in the evening, an hour, two hours,
their Lords, efpecially for thofe of the Houfe before or alter, Service-time, &c.
of Derby, who have always treated them with In tin's Language, the fubftantive is gene-
great regard and tendernef s. At the fame time rally put before the Adje&ive, and many things
they are jealous of their ancient Laws, Te- which in the English. Language are deriv'd from
nures and Liberties. They have a great many the Latin or Greek, and little understood by
good Qualities. They are generally very cha- thofe that know nothing of thofe Languages,
ritable to the poor,and hofpitable to ftrangers, in Mancks are exprcif:u by a pLriphralis eafily
efpecially in the country, where the people, if under!, ood by the common people.
a ftranger come to their houfes, would think K has been often fold, that the Holy Bible
it an unpardonable Crime not to give him a was by Bifhop Philips care translated into
fharc cf the bed they have themfelves to eat or! the Mancks Language ; but, upon the beft
en-
drink. They have a significant proverb (which quiry that can be made, there Was no more
1

generally fhews the Genius of a people) to attempted by him than a tranflation of

the
this purpofe, Ira ta yn derrey Vought cooney lejb Common Prayer, which is ftill
extant, but of
bought elk), ta fee hem
i. e. when one no ufe to
garaghtee, the prefent Generation. The New
poor man relieves another, God
himfelt rejoyces Testament is at prefent in the hands of one
at it ; or, as it is in Mancks, Laughs out- who is maflcr of the Mancks
Language, and
right. very well qualified to tranflate it from the Ori-
They have generally hated Sacrilege to fuch ginal, which, it is hop'd, will one day be a
a degree, that they do not think a Man can bleffing to this country.
wifh a greater curie to a Family, than in thefe
Tn
 ;

H47 The British Islands. 144.8

In their Habit and manner of Living, they Ramjea to the north, is moll noted for Ramfea.
imitate the Englifh ; only the middle and 1 fpacious Bay, in which the greatcft Fleet
poorer fort amongft the Men, ufually wear a may ride at anchor with fatety enough from all
^

kind of Sandal, which they call Kcrranes, made winds but the north-eaft, and in that cafe they
of untann'd Leather ; and which, being crofs-la- need not be embay'd. This town {landing
ced from the Toe to the upper part of the Inftep, upon a Beach of loofe fand or iliingle, is in
and gather'd about the Ankle, makes a very danger, if not timely prevented, of being
cheap, convenient, and not unhandfome fhoe. wdli'd away by the fea.
The Illand is certainly more populous now Bally Salky, though not ufually reckon 'd Bally Salle/,
than ever it was there being at prefent about
: amongft the towns, is yet a considerable inland
twenty thoufand Natives, betides Strangers village. Here formerly flood the Abbey of
which obliges them every where to enlarge Ryfhen, founded Ann. Dom. 1134. upon Lands Ex MS. anttf.
their Churches fo that they are ten times as
; given by Olavus King of Man ; the ruins of
many as in Bede's time, when they were but which do ftill remain. This was the lateft dif-
about three or four hundred families. folv'd Monaftery in thefe Kingdoms.
Divifion of Tile Divifion of the Ifland as to its Civil The. reft of the Inhabitants have their houfes
the Ifland. ,
•concerns, is, into lis Sheadings; every Sheading built in the moft convenient part of their E-

has its proper Coroner, who, in the nature ot ftates, lor water, and fhelter. The better fort
a Sheriff^ is entrufted with the peace of his have good fubftantial houles ot ftone, and co-
Diftrici, fecures Criminals, brings them to ver'd with flate ; others with thatch, which they
juiiice, &c. have found a way to fecure againft the winds
Beiides this,there are in every Sheading as (that in winter are boifterousenough) by ropes
many Moars and Captains, as there are Pa- of ftraw, very readily made, and neatly crofs'd
rities. Thefe Moars are the Lord's Baylifts like a net one over another, which no ftorms
for one year, and are anfwerable for all the can injure.
Rents in their refpecrive Divifions; and the The way of improving their Lands, is either Improvement
Captains are entrufted with the care of the by Lime, by fea-wreck, or by folding their of" Land,
Militia or Train-bands. fheep and cattle in the night, and during the
The Ifland as to Ecdefiaftical concerns is divi- heat of the day, in little Inclofures rais'd every
ded into feventeen Parifhes, every Church bear- year to keep them within a certain compafs;
ing the name of the Saint to which it is dedi- which in about fourteen days time is fo en-
cated, as Maliew to St. Lupus, &c. rich'd with the urine and dung of the cattle, as

Towns.
The principal Towns are only four, which to yield a plentiful crop. Thefe little hedges
are all fituate near the Sea each of them has its
; are very eafily rais'd by a fpade peculiar to the
Harbour, and a Caftle or Fort to detend it. country ; and being burn'd by the heat of the
Caflle-town, Cafik-toirn, to the fouth, ( call'd alfo fun, and flung down before feed-time, yield
Caftle-Rufbin, from a very ancient, but yet en very good corn, either wheat, barly, rye, or
tire beautiful Caftle, built of a coarfe, but fo oats.
ever durable marble,) is the firfl town of the Oats is the common Bread of the Country,
Illand. Here, the Governour refides, as do made into thin cakes, as in the Fell-country in
moil: of the Lord's Officers. Here, the Chan, Lancp.foire.
eery Court is kept every firfl Thurfday of tht Many of the Rivers (or rather Rivulets) notHorizontal
month ; and here alfo is held the Head-Court having water fufficient to drive a mill, the Mills,
or Gaol-delivery, twice a year. This Caftle is greateft part of the year neceffity has put
;

faid to have been built by Guttred King of them upon an invention of a cheap fort of mill,
Man about the year 960 ; -and it is very pro- which, as it cofts very little, is no great lofs
bable, lor about that time the Norwegians chougn it fhmds fix months in the year. The
began to be troublefome to all places, by their Water- wheel, about fix foot Diameter, lies
Piracies. Horizontal, confilling of a great many hollow
Peel, to the well, call'd by the Norwegi- ladles, againft which the water, brought down.
Feci.
ans Holm-Town, from a frnall Illand clofe by in a trough, ftrikes forcibly, and gives motion
it, in which Hands the Cathedral dedicated to the upper ftone, which by a Beam and Iron
to St. Germain, the firft Biftiop of this lilt is join'd to the center of the water wheel.
This little Ifle, naturally very ftrong, was Not but that they have other Mills both for
made much more fo by art ; Thomas, Earl ot com and fulling of cloth, where they have
Derby encompafling it with a Wall, Towers water in fummer more plentiful.
and other Fortifications, and making it in thofe The Commodities of this Ifland are Black- Commodi-
days impregnable. At prefent there is a frnall cattle (of which fix hundred, by the Aft oftics.
garrifon kept there, and it is the Prifon for all Navigation, may be imported yearly into Eng-
Offenders againft the Ecclefiaftkal Laws, whe- land) Lambs wool, fine and coarfe Linen, and
ther for Inceft, Adultery, tXc- or Difobedience coarfe woollen cloth, hides, skins, honey and
and is call'd St. Germain's prifon. tallow, and heretofore fome corn and beer,
Douglafs. Donglafs, to the eafi, is much the rich- which now, fmce the great refort of flrangers,

eft town, the bell: market and the moft po- are little enough for their own ufe.
pulous, of any in the whole Ifland. As it has But formerly Herrings were the great and Herrings.
of late years increas'd its trade, it has done fo in ftaple commodity of this Ifle, of which (within
Buildings. There is a neat Chapel, a publick the memory of fome now living) near twenty
School, and feveral good houfes, and excellent thoufand Barrels have been exported in one year
Vaults and Cellars for Merchants goods ; but to France and other places.
any body that fees it, would wifh that Authority The time of He rring-fi filing is betwixt July
had interpos'd to have made the Buildings and and All-hallow-tide.
Streets more regular. The harbour, for Veffels The whole fleet of boats (every boat being
of a tolerable burthen, is the fafeft in the about the burthen of two tons) are under the
Ifland ; the Ships lying in it, as quiet as in a Government of the Water-bay lift" on more, and
Deck or Bafin. under one call'd a Vice- Admiral at fea, who, by
Near to Douglafs, flood formerly a Nunnery the fignal of a Flag, directs them when to
now a good houfe pleafantly featcd and Ihel flioot tjieir nets, &c. There is due to the
ter'd with Trees. Lord
14+9 The ISLE of MAN. 1450
Lord of the Ifle, as a Royalty, ten {hillings out on, that there has not for
many years been one
ot every boat that takes above tenMeafe (every Papift a native, in the Ifland nor indeed arc ;

Mesfe being five hundred herrings,) and one there Diifenters of any denomination, except a
(hilling to the Warer-bayliff. family or two of Quakers, unhappily perverted
In acknowledgement of this great blefling, during the late Civil Wars and even fome of
;

and that God may be prevailed "with to con- thefe have ot late been baptiz'd into the
tinue it (this being the great fupport of the Church.
place) the whole Fleet do duly attend Divine _
The Bifhop has his refidencc in the Parifii of Bifliop^
Service on the fliore, at the feveral Ports, every Kirk Michael, where he has a good Houfe and Palace.
evening before they go to lea ; the respective Chapel (if not ftately, yet convenient enough,)
Incumbents, on that occafion, making ufe of a large, gardens and pleafant walks, flielter'd with
Form of Prayer, Leflons, &c. lately compofed groves of Fruit and Foreft-trees (which fliews
for that purpofe. Befides this, there is a Pe- what may be done in that fort or improvement,)
tition inferted in the Litany, and ufed in the and fo well iituated, that from thence it is eafy
publick Service throughout the year, for the to Vifit any part of his Diocefe, and to return
bleffings of the Sea, on which the comfortable the fame day.
fubfiftence of fo many depends. And the Law The Bifliops of Man are Barons of the Ifle.Birttop ;

provideth, that every boat pay lyfbe-Fift, with- They have their own Courts for their Tempo-
out any pretence toPrefcriptioii. ralties, where one of the Deemfters of the Ifle
The Trade of tin's Ifland is very much im- fits as Judge.
prov'd of late years, foreign Merchants having This peculiar privilege the Bifliop has at this
tound it their intereff to touch here, and leave day, that if any of his Tenants be guilty of a
part of their Cargoes, either to bring the re- capital crime, and is to be try'd for his life,
mainder under the cuftom of Buttleridge, or the Bifhop's Steward may demand him from
becaufe the Duties of the whole would be too the Lord's Bar, and try him in the Bifhop's
great a fum to be pdd at once in England ; or, Court by a Jury of his own Tenants, and, in
Laftly, to lie here for a market, the Duties and cafe of conviction, his Lands are forfeited to
Cellarage being fo fmall. the Bifliop, but his goods and perfon are at the
The ancient method of Commerce, which Lord's difpofal.
•was, tohave four fworn Merchants, who were The Abbot of Rufhen had the fame privi-
to with the foreign Merchant fur thi lege, and fo has the Steward of thofe Lands to
agree
price of the Goods imported^ as alfo for the this day.
price of the Commodities the Ifland had to When the Bifhoprick falls void, the Lord of By whom
fpare, which both lides were bound to ftand to the Ifle names a
; perfon, and prefents him na '

is entirely laid afide. to the King of England for his Royal Aflent,
Religion. The Religion and Worfhip is exactly the and then to the Archbifhop ot York to be Con-

fame with of the Church of England. fecrated. After which, he becomes fubject to
that
The Ifle of Man
was converted to the Chriftian him as his Metropolitan, and both he and the
When con Faith by St. Patrick about the year 440, a Proctors for the Clergy are conftantly fummon'd
verted to which time the Bifhoprick of Man was erected with the reft of the Bifliops and Clergy of
Chriitia-
St. Germain, to whofe name and memory the that Province to Convocation ; the Diocefe of
nity.
Cathedral is dedicated, being the firft Bifhop of Man, together with the Diocefe of Chefter,
Man, who, 'with his Sueceffors, had this Ifland being by an Aft of Parliament of the 33d of
Only for their Diocefe, til! the Norwegians had Hen. 8. (confirmed by another of the 8th of
conquer'd the Weftern Ifles, and foon aftt James 1.) annex'd unto the Metropolitical See
Man, which was about the beginning of the of York.
eleventh Century. It was about that time, How the Eifliops of Man were chofen before,
that the Infula Sodorenfes, being thirty two (fo we find in a Bull of Pope Celeftine to Fumes-Abbey, g x chart.
call'd from the Bifhoprick of Sodor erected in In eligendo Epifcopum hjuhmim, Libertatem quam MS. Man.
one of them, viz. the Ifle of Hy) were united Reges earum bona memor'm Olauos <& Godredus Fur *es,' n
^

to Man, and from that time, the Bifhops of filius ejus Monaflerio veflro contulenmt, ficut in Au- flu \ Canc
the United Sees were ftil'd Sodor &
Man, and tentkis eorum continetur, Autoritate vtbis Apojlolica
C a" C

fometimes Man &

Infiilarum, and had the Arcl: confirmamus. Dat. Roma:, 10 Kal. Julii, Ponti-
bifhop of Drontheim (ftil'd Nidorenfis) for their ficatus noftri 4. i. e. In chufing a Bifliop of the
Metropolitan. And this continu'd, till the Ifles, we do, by our Apoitolical Authority,
Ifland was finally annex'd to the Crown or" Eng- confirm the liberty, which the Kings of the Ifles,
land, when Man had its own Bifliops again, Qlavus and Godred his fon, veiled in your Mo-
who ftil'd themfelves varioufly, fometimes Bi- naftery,as it is exprefs'd in their original Grants.
fliops of Man only, fometimes Sodor Man.& Dated at Rome, on the ioth of the Kalends of
and fometimes Sodor de Man ; giving the name July, and the 4th year of our Pontificate.
of Sodor, to a little Ifle, before metition'd, ly The Archdeacon, in all inferior caufes, has Archdeacon,
ing within a musket-fhot of the main-land, alternate Jurifdiction with the Bifliop. He
call'd by the Norwegians Holm, and by the holds his Courts either in perfon or by his
Inhabitants Peel, in which Hands the Cathedral. Official, as the Bifhop does by himfelf and
For, in thefe exprefs words, in an inftrument Vicars-general ; which are two, for the North
yet extant, Thomas Earl of Derby and Lord of and South divifion of the Ifle.
Man, A. D. 1505. confirms to Huan Hesketh The Clergy are generally Natives and in-Clerg>-,
;

Bifliop of Sodor, all the Lands, &c. anciently
belonging to the Bifhops of Man, viz,. Ecdefiam
Cathedralem Santli Germani in Holm, Sodor ikl
deed it cannot well be otherwife, none elfe being
J
qualify d to preach and admjniiter the Sacra-
ments in the Mancks language for the Englifli
;

Pele vocatum, Ecdefiamque SanSli Patricii ibidem, is not underftood by two thirds at leaft of the

& Locum prafatum in quo prajata Ecckjia Jita fimt. Ifland, although there is an Englifli School in
This Cathedral was built by Simon Bifliop of every Parifh ; fo hard it is to change the Lan-
Sodor, who dy'd A. D. 1 245, and was there guage of a whole country.
buried. The Livings are generally fmall. The two L ; vlng3i
The Reformation was begun fomething
''

later Parfonages are indeed worth near fixty pounds a

here than in England, but fo happily carried- year, but the Vkaraies, the Royal Bounty iti-
8 X eluded,
 M

45 The British Islands; •45*

eluded, are not worth above twenty five Pounds, obferv'd with great ftrictnefs) there is held
With which notwithftanding the frugal Clergy a Court of Correction, where Offenders, and
hive maintain'd themfelves, and fometimes pret- fuch as have neglected to perform their Cen-
ty numerous Families, very decently. Of late, fures, are prefented, and if there are many,
indeed, the great Reforfof Strangers has made or their Crimes of a heinous nature, they arc
Proviiions of all forts as dear again as for- called together on Afk-Wednefday, and after a
merly. Sermon explaining the Defign of Church-Cen-
Royal Bonn of the Place the fures, and the Duty of fuch as are fo unhap-
That through the Poverty
Church might never want fit perfons to per- py as to fall under them, their feveral Cen-
form Divine Offices, and to inftruct the People fures are appointed, which they are to perform
in neceffary Truths and Duties ; the
pjous during Lent, that they may be received into
and worthy Doctor Ifaac Barrow, foon after the the Church before Eafter.
Reiteration, being then Bifhop of Man, did fo The manner of doing Penance is Primitive p enare e,
effectually make ufe of his Interclt with His and Edifying. The Penitent clothed in a Sheet,
Majcity King Charles the fecond, and other no- &c. is brought into the Church immediately be-
Litany, and there continues till the
ble Benefactors, that he obtained a Grant of fore the
one hundred pounds a year, payable out of the Sermon be ended ; after which, and a proper
Excife for ever, for the better maintenance of Exhortation, the
Congregation is defir'd to
the poor Vicars and Schoolmafters of his Dio- pray for him in a Form provided
for that pur-

cefe. And the Right Honourable Charles Earl pofe And thus he is dealt with, till by bis
:

has given fome Satisfaction that

of Derby, being pleas'd to make a long Leafe Behaviour he
of the Impropriations of the Ifle in his hands, all this is not teign'd ; which being certify
which, either as Lord or Abbot, were one to the Bifhop, he orders him to be receiv'd, by

third of the whole Tythes ; the good Bifhop a very Solemn Form for Receiving Penitents, into the
found means to pay for the faid Leafe, which Peace of the Church.
(befides an old Rent and Fine, ftill payable to But if Offenders, after having once done
Penance, do relapfe into the fame or
the Lord of the Ifle ) may be worth to the Publick
Clergy and Schools about one hundred Pounds other fcandalous Vices, they are not prefently
more. permitted to do Penance again, though they
Befides this, he collected amongfl: the Englifh fhou'd defire it ever fo earneftly, till they fhall
Nobility and Gentry (whole Names and Be- have given better Proofs of their refolution to
nefactions are Regifter'd and preferv'd in Pub- amend their Lives.
During which time, they
lick Tables in every Parifh) fix hundred
Pounds, are not permitted to go into any Church in time
the Intereft of which maintains an Academic of Divine Service, but fland
at the Church-

Matter ; and, by his own private Charity, he Door, until their Paftor, and other grave
purchai'd two Eftates in Land worth twenty Perfons are convinced by their Convcrfation,
Pounds a year, for the fupport of fuch young that there are hopes of a lafting Reformation,
Perfons as lhou'd be dehgn'd for the Miniftry. and certify the fame to the Bifhop.
So that the name and good Deeds of that ex- There is here one very wholfom Branch of
cellent Prelate, will be remember'd with gra- Church-Difcipline ; the want ol which in ma-
titude, as long as any fenfe of Piety remains ny other places, is the occafion that infinite

amongfl them. Diforders go unpunifh'd ; namely, the enjoyn-

Ecdefiaftkal There is nothing more commendable than ing Offenders Purgation by their own Oaths,
DifdpHnc.
t ie Difcipline of this Church.
j
and the Oaths of Compurgators ( if need be)
Publick Baptifm is never adminifter'd but of known Reputation, where the Fame is com-
in the Church ; and Private as the Kubrick di- mon, the Crime fcandalous, and yet not Proof
rects. enough to convict them : and this is far from.

Good care is taken to fit young Perfons for being complainM of as a grievance. For if

Confirmation, which all are pretty

careful to
prepare themfelves for, left the want of being
Confirm d fhoud hinder their future marriage ;
Confirmation, Receiving the Lord's Supper, &c.
being a neceffary Qualification tor that State.
Offenders of all Conditions, without diflin-
aion,areoblig'd to fubmit to the Cenfures ap-
pointed by the Church, whether for Correction
or Example (commutation of Penances being
aboliftYd by a late Law, and they generally do it
patiently.) Such as do not fubmit (which hither-
to have been but few) are either imprifon'd or
excommunicated ; under which Sentence if
they continue more than forty days, they are
delivered over to the Lord of the Ifle, both
common Fame has injur'd any perfon, he has
an opportunity of being reftor'd to his good
name (unlefs upon Trial the Court finds juft
caufe to refufe it,) and a fevere Penalty is laid
upon any that fhall after this revive the Scan-
dal. On the other hand, if a man will not
fwear to his own Innocency, or cannot prevail
with others to believe him, it is fit he fhou'd
be treated as guilty, and the Scandal remov'd
by a proper Cenfure.
In order to fecure the Difcipline of the Convocation.
Church, the Bifhop is to call a Convocation of
his Clergy, at leaft once a year. The day ap-
pointed by Law is 'Thurfday in Whitfon-week,
(if the Bifhop is in the Ifle ) where he has
;

Body and Goods. In the mean time, all Chri- an opportunity of enquiring how the Difcipline
ltians are frequently wam'd not to have any of the Church has been obferv'd, and, by the
unneceifary Conversation with them, which the advice of his Clergy, of making fuch ConfU-
more thoughtful People are careful to ob- tutions as are neceffary for its better Govern-
ferve.
ment.
The Bifhop and his Vicar- General, having The Laws of the Ifland are excellently well Laws
a Power to commit fuch to Prifon as refufe fuitcd to the Circumflances of the .Place, and
to appear before them, there is feldom occafi- the condition of the People. Anciently, the Bread-Laws,
on of paffing Sentence tor Contumacy on- Deemfters ( e. the Temporal Judges) deter-
this
;".

ly, fo that People are never Excommunicated, min'd molt caufes (which were then of no
but for Crimes that will fliut them out of great moment, the Inhabitants being moftly
Heaven ; which makes this Sentence more Fifhermen,) either as they could remember the
dreaded. like to have been judg'd before, or according

Before the beginning of Lent (which is here as they deem'd moll juft in their own Confiden-
ces;
 '4-53 The 1SL E of MAN. [
+54-
ces ; from whence cam the name of Breaft- ' as equally as the Herring-Bone lies
Laws. betwixt the
" two fides " that ids daily Food (for, in for-
.-

But as the Ifland every day improv'd, undel

mer days, no doubt, it was fo might put
Sir John Stanley and his Suceeflbrs )
fo they. him in mind of the Obligation he
from time to time, obferving the many Incon- lay under
to give Impartial Judgment.
veniences of giving Judgment from Breaft- The Ecclefhftical Courts are cither held by Ecde&Sial
Laws, order'd, That all Cafes of Moment or the Bifllop in perfon, or his Coum -

Intricacy decided Archdeacon,

in their Courts, fhould
where the Caufe is purely Spiritu-
bi : (efpecially,
written down for Precedents, to be a Guide
alj or by his Vicars General, and
:

when the fame or the like cafes fhould happi the Arch-
deacon's Official, who are the proper
for the future. Judges
of all Controverfies which happen betwixt
And that thefe Precedents might be made ecutors, Ex-
&c. within a year and a day after Pro-
with greater caution and Juftice, the Law has
bat of the Will, or Adminiflratioii
cxprefsly provided, that in all great matters granted.
In matters Spiritual, it is eafy to obferve
and high Points that (hall be in Doubt, the very
many footfieps of Primitive Difcipline and In-
Lieutenant or any of the Council
fir the time be- tegrity. Offenders arc neither ov'crlook'd
ing, (hall take rile Deemflers to them, with thi nor
treated with Imperioufuefs. If they fuft'er for
Advice ot the Elders of the Land (via. the 34 their Crimes,
it is rarely in their
Keys, as it is elfewhere more fully explain 'd Purles, 1111-
) lefs where they are very obftinate, and
re'lapfe
to Deem the Law truly, as they (hall anfwer it.
into their former, or other great
Offences.
Now, if to this we add, that once every year, As for Civil Caufes that come before thefe
vise, on St. John Baftifl's day, there is a
meeting Courts, they are foon difpatch'd,
of the Governour, Officers Spiritual and Tem- and almoft
without any charge (Attorneys and
poral, Deemflers, and 34 Keys, where any Proftors
per being generally difcountenane'd ) unlefs
Ion has a right to Prefent any uncommon ; where
litigious Perfons are concern'd, who
Grievance, and to have his Complaint heard in ways can find
to prolong Law-Suits even againft
the face of the whole Country ; there cannot the
will of the Judge, whofe Intereft it is to
be imagin'd a better Conftitution Where the fhorten:
them, as much as may be, as getting
Injur'd may have Relief, and thofe that are in
nothing by their length, but more
Authority, may, if they pleafe, have their Sen- trouble"
But befides what is tranfiSed in open
tences and
Actions, if righteous, juftify'd to all the
Court,
Vicars General compofe an infinite
die World. num-
ber of Differences at their own Houfes,
T./nwM. This Court is call'd the Tinwald, from the which
makes that Office very laborious and trouble-
Danifh w'ord Ting, i.e. Forum Judkiale, a Court fome.
of Juftice, and Wald, i. e. fene'd. It is held In all the Courts of this Ifland
Ecclefiaftical Attorney!,
on a Hill near the middle of the Ifland, and and Civil, both Men and Women do ufually
in the open air. At this great Meeting, plead their own Caufes, except where
where all perfons arc fuppos'd to be prefent, Strangers
are concern'd, who, being unacquainted
all new Laws are to be publifll'd, after with
they the Laws and Language, are fore'd to
have been agreed to by the Governour, Coun- employ
others to fpeak for them. It is but of late
cil, Deemflers, and 24 Keys, and have receiv'd
years, that Attorneys, and fuch
as gain by
the Approbation of the Lord of the Ifle. Strife, have even fore'd
themfelves into Bufi-
Council. The Council confifls of the Governour, Bi llefs ; and, except what
thefe get out of the
(hop, Archdeacon, two Vicars General, the People, Law-Suits are determin'd
without much
Receiver General, the Comptroller, the Water- Charges.
bailiff, and the Attorney General. There are a great many Laws and
The twenty four Keys, fo call'd (it is (aid) Cuftoms Peculiar Cu-
24 Keys. '

winch are peculiar to this Place, and 01"' -

from unlocking, as it were, or folving the fineu-*

fa
lar.
Difficulties of the Law, do reprefent the Com- The eldcft Daughter ( if there be no Son
mons of the Land, and do join with the Coun- Inherits, tho there be more Children.
)

cil ill making all new Laws, and with the The Wives, thro' the whole Ifland, have
Deemflers in fettling and determining the Power to make their a
Wills (tho' their Husbands
meaning of the ancient Laws and Cuftoms in be living) ot one half
all difficult Cafes.
-- — Goods
of all the v.j .HUH.- 1

able and immoveable; except in

the fix northern
The manner of chufing them at prefent is Panflies, where the wife, if
file has had chil-
this. When any Memberdies, or is difcharg'd, dren, can only difpofe
of a third part of the
either on account of age, or for any great living Goods. And this Favour, Tradition
Crime, which, upon tryal by his Brethren, he faith, the South-fide
women obtain'd above
is found guilty of j the reft of the Body Pre- thofe oi the Norrh, for their affiftin<r
fent two perfons to the Governour, our of Husbands in a day of their
Bnttle.
whom he makes choice of one, w'ho is imme- A Widow has one half of iier Husband's real
diately fworn to fill up the Body. A majority Eftate, ]f (he be his firft Wife, and one quarter
determines any Cafe of Common Law that it (he be the ftcond
or third ; but if any Wi-
comes before them i for, befides that they are dow marries, or
mifcarries, (lie loofes her Wi-
a part^ of the Legiflature, they do frequently dow-right in iier
Husband's Eftate.
determine Caufes touching titles of Inheritance, When any of the Tenants fell into Poverty
where inferior Juries have given their Verdicts and were not able to
pay their Rents and Ser-
before. vices, the fitting Queft, confiding of
four old
Tile Deem- The two Temporal Judges, Moars or Bailiffs in every Parifh,
Deemflers are the
were oblig'd
fitr,. both in cafes of common Law, and
of Life to find fuch a Tenant for the Eifates,
as would
and Death. But moll of
the Controverfies, fecure the Lord's Rent,
&c. who, after his
efpecially fuch as are too trivial to be brought
Name was enter'd into the Court-Rolls, had
before a Courr, are difpatched at their Holl- an unqueflionable
Title to the fame.
ies.
A
Child got before Marriage, (hall
Inherit
Berttifie, The Deemfler's Oath which he takes when hi provided the Marriage follows
Oath. within a year
enters upon his Office^ is pretty _(ingular, yki or two , and the
\ Woman was never defam'd' be-
You (hall do Juftice between Man and Man, |fore, with regard to
any otber^Ma-
Executors
 6 The British Islands. 1456
Executors of Spiritual Men great Engagement, being for the moft
have a right to fome
the year's Profits, if they live tillpart in a champian Country, and within the
after 12 of the
Clock on Eafier-day, compafs of a pitch'd Battle.
They frill retain an Ufage (obferv'd by the Sax- There are fome few large heaps of fmall
ons berore the Conqueft) that the Bifliop, or fome Stones (one, efpecially, in the Parifh of Kirk
Prieft appointed by him, do always lit in their Michael, caU'd Karn Viael,) as alfo fome very
Great Court along with the Governour, till Sen- large white Stones brought together ; but on
tence of death (if any) be to be pronoune'd. what occafion, no body pretends to guefs.
The Deemfler asking the Jury (inftead of Guil- Some few Brafs-Daggers, and other lnftru-
ty or not Guilty) Vod Fir-charree foie ? which, ments of Brafs, were found not many years
literally translated, is, May the Man of the Chan- ago, buried under-ground: they were well made
cel, or he that Mmiflers at the Altar, continue to and pois'd, and as fit for doing execution, as

fit?
any that are made of Steel. And very lately,
When any Laws which concern the Church were found fome Nails of Gold without Allay,
are to be Enacted, the Bifliop and whole Cler- with Revets of the fame Metal on the fmall
gy fhall be made privy thereunto, and join end their Make fhews plainly that they were
:

with the Temporal Officers, and have their the Nails of a Royal Target, fuch as are at
Confents with them, till the fame fliall be efta- this day to be found amongft the Highlanders
blifhU of Scotland.
If a fingle Woman profecutes a fingle Man There is a fmall Ifland call'd the Calf, about The Calf of
ar
for a Rape, the Eeclefiaftical Judges impannel three miles in Circumference, and feparated^
*

a Jury ; and if this Jury finds him guilty, he from the South-end of Man by a Chanel of a-
is fo return'd to the Temporal Courts, where bout two Furlongs. ;

if he is found guilty, the Deemfter delivers to This little Ifland is well ftor'd with Rabbets,
the Woman a Rope, a Sword and a Ring, and and at one time of the year with Puffins, which
flic has it in her choice to have him hang'd, breed in the Rabbet-holes the Rabbets lea- ;

or beheaded, or to marry him. ving their Holes for that time to thefe Strangers.
th
If any Man get a Farmer's daughter with About the 15 of Augttfl, the young Puffins
child, he fliall be compelfd to marry, or en- are ready to flie and it is then they hunt ;

dow her with fuch a Portion as her Father them, as they call it, and take great numbers
wou'd have given her. of them, few years Icfs than four or five thou-
No Man heretofore coud difpofe of his E- fand. The old ones leave their young all the
II ate, unlefs he fell into Poverty : And at this day, and flie out to main Sea, where ha-
the
day, a man mull have the Approbation of the ving got their Prey, and digefted it in their
Governour and Officers, before he can alienate. own Stomachs, they return late at night, and
Tokens, The manner of calling any Perfon before a difgorge it into thofe of their young ; for at
Magiftrate Spiritual or Temporal, is pretty no time is there any thing found in the Sto-
lingular. The Magiftrate, upon a piece of machs of the young, but a digeitcd Oil and
thin flate, or Hone, makes a Mark generally, ; leaves of Sorrel. This makes them one lump,
the firft Letters of his Cbriftian and Sir-name. They who will be at the ex-
almoft, of Fat.
This is given to a proper Officer, the Summoner, pence of Wine, Spice, and other Ingredients
if it be before an Eeclefiaftical Magiftrate ; or to pickle them, make them very grateful to
the Lock-mar, if before a Temporal, with many Palates, and fend them abroad ; but the
two pence, who fhews it to the Perfon to be greateft part are conlum'd at home, coming at
charg'd, with the time when he is to appear, a very proper time for the Husbandman, who
and at whofe Suit ; which if he refufes to o- is now throng in his Harveft.
bey, he is fin'd or committed to Prifon, until About the Rocks of this little Ifland, an incre-
he gives Bonds to obey and pay cofts. dible number of all forts of Sea-Fowl breed, fhel-
Curicjfrties. Here are more Ritnkk Ii/jcriptions to be met j and bask themfelves in Summer, and make
with in this Ifland, than perhaps in any other a Sight fo agreeable, that Governour Chalener was
Nation molt of them upon Funeral Monu- at the pains to have a Sketch of one of thefe
;

Rurnck In- ments. They are, generally, on a long, flat, fhelving Rocks, with the vaft variety of Birds
fcriptions. jagg Stone, with Crolfes on one or both fides, fitting upon it, taken, and printed along with
and little embellifhments of Men on horfeback, his Account of the Ifle.
or in Arms, Stags, Dogs, Birds, or other De-
vices probably the Achievements of fome no-
i
Thm far, k the Account of the faid Right Reve-
table perfon. The lufci'iptions are generally rend and worthy Prelate, the frefent Bifhop of
on one edge, to be read irom the Bottom up- this Place.l

wards. Moft of them, after fo many ages, are

very entire, and writ in the old Norwegian
Language, now underftood in the Ifie of Tero
only. One of the largeft of thefe ftands in the IF I here fubjoin a flnrt Hiftory of this Hiftory of
High-way, near the Church of St. Michael, ere^ Ifland, it may perhaps be worth the while j Jfl s *i
^
fled in memory of Thurulf, or Thrulf, as th< and truth it felt" feems to challenge it, to pre-
name is now pronoune'd in Norway. ferve the memory of fuch Actions, as are, if
Very many Sepulchral Tumuli, or Burying- not already bury'd in oblivion, yet very near it.
Places, are yet remaining in feveral parts of the That this Ifland, as well as Britain, was
Ifland, efpecially in the neighbourhood of the poifefled by the Britains, is granted on all

Bifhop's Seat. The Urns which have been ta- hands. But when the northern Nations broke
ken out of them, are fo ill burnt, and of fo in, like a torrent, upon thefe fouthem parts,
bad a clay, that it is fcarce poflible to take it became fubjefl to the Scots. In the time of
them out without breaking them. They are Honorius and Arcadius, Orofius fays it was
full of burnt Bones, white and frefh as when inhabited by the Scots, as Ireland was ; and
firft interr'd. Ninius tells us of * one B'mk a Scot whopof-* By others,

As for Medals, Coins, or Weapons, none fefs'd it. The fame Author obferves, that they 5 "'' -

have hitherto been found in thefe Places ; tho* were driven out of Britain and the Ifles
it is probable that fuch Tumuli were caft up after belonging to it, by Cuneda the Grandfather of
Ma-
HS7 The ISLE of MAN. 1458
Maglocunus who from the delations h who
; particularly infefted the northern Sea by
made in thefe Iflands, is callM by Gildas the their piracies, pofllfi'd themfelves of this Ifland
Dragon of the Afterwards, this Ifland, and
Ifles. and the Hebrides, and fet petty Princes over them;
of whom I \viH| here add a fhort Hiftory,as it is f ThisChro-
like wife Anglejey, was fubjected to the Englifh
Monarchy by Edwin King of the Northum- word ior word in an ancient Manufcript left mcle s no ™ ;
>

brians ; if we fuppofe both to be included init fliould perifh by any unlucky accident. The
the name Menavia, as Writers tell us they are,
2JJ2£ «°
title it bears, is Chronkon Mannix, i.e. A C/jro- t he
end of the
At that time it was reputed aBritifi Ifland : But
mcle 0] Man and it feems to have been writ- Book,
,'

when the North fent out a fecond Brood (Wz., ten by the Monks of Ru£tn
? the moft emi-
Normans, Danes, and Norwegians, ) to feek nent Monaftery in this Ifland.
their fortune in the world ; the Norwegians,

[Tour Runic k Infcriptions in the Isle of Man.

I. Upon a Stone-Croft laid for a Lintel over a Window in Kirk-Michael Church.

8 Y II. Upon

^^M
m
 1

H$9 The British Islands. 1460

II. Upon a Stone-Crofs at Kirk-Mkbael.

II
W7 f\

III. Upon a Stone-Crofs at Kirk-halian.

Ill

JIFM
r_L

Ml >

IV. Upon
M-11&

a Stone-Crofs in Kirk-Andrew's Church-yard

MJ
IV
inn- u
MEM
IKl,

[Note, That the Infiriftions m the feveral Stones are in oneftngk

Lme each ; which king m wide for the Page, there

was a nectffity of dividing the Lines, in thefe Draughts.]

The
 1461 H6z

The HEBRIDES, or WESTERN

ISLES.-]
ROM
the Ifle of Man, as far dred.! The firfl is Ricina, in Pliny Ricnea, and
Mull of Galloway^ or in Antoninus Riduna, but cali'd at this day,
as the
Promontory oi the No- Racline and I am of opinion, that Riduna in Radine.
the ;

we meet only with fmall Antoninus fhould be read Riclina, cl being ea-
vantes,
andinconfiderable lflaudsj but fily turned into d, by a connexion of the ftrokes.
after we are pall that, in the This fmall Ifle lies over-againft Ireland, and
Frith of Glotta or Dunbritton- was known to the ancients upon account of its
The Tile
Frith, we come to the Iile Glotta, mentioned in fituation in this narrow fea between that and
Gloua. Antoninus, and cali'd by the Scots at this Scotland. At this day, it is only remarkable for
Arran. day Arran ; whence the Earls of Arran in that the (laughter of the Irifh Scots ; who were often
Kingdom take their title And then, to a matters of it, but were at lafi entirely driven
:

neighbouring Bland, formerly cali'd Rothefta, out by the Engliih. The next is Epidium, Epidium.
now Buthe, from a little Cell which Brendan which from the name feems to me (as well as
built in it for fo the word fignifies in Scotch, to that excellent Geographer G. Mercatcr) to
;

Atter thefe, we arrive at Hellan, heretofore have lain near the promontory and fliore of the
Hellan-Leneoviy that is (as For dm explains the Epidii. And feeing Ila, a pretty large Bland, Ila.
word) the Ifle of Saints ; and Hellan 'Thioc, the level and fertil, lies in this manner ; I take ft
Jfle of Swine ; both in the fame Frith. But of to be the Epidium, and the Ifle of the Epidii ;
thefe we have fpoken already. for fometimes it is read, 'ftnJ-fa, Its length is
Beyond this sftuary, lie a duller of XfleS, * twenty miles, ffrom north to fouth,] and its * 24, C,
which the Scotch Inhabitants call Inch-Gall breadtii fixteen. It is fo well ftock'd with
(iignifying perhaps the Ifles of the Gallmcians ;) the cattle, corn, and flags, that, next to Man, it
Engliih and the reft of the Scots, the Weftem- Ifles; was always the chief feat of the Kings of the
the writers of the lafi age, Hebrides ; but Ethicus, Ifles, as it was afterwards of the Mac-Conells ; U, at this
||
\\

an antient Author, Beteorka. Giraldus calls who f had their caftle here at Dunyweg, day, C.
them fometimes Imhades, and fometimes Leiica- f but now it belongs to the Earl of Sea- + Have, C,
Scott id) or des ; Pliny, Solinus, and Ptolemy, Ebudes, He- torth. In this Bland, is found Lead-ore ; and
We Hern budes, and "££sJar- Unlefs it had this name it hath feveral Woods, Bays, and Loughs. In
Ifles.
from the barennefs of the Soil, which yields no the year 1705. Archibald Campbel (fecond fon
Corn I mull confefs I can give no reafon of o£ Archibald, firfl Duke of Argyle,) having
;

it. For Solinus writes, that the Inhabitants diftinguifhed himfelf very early by his eloquence
thereof know nothing of Corn, but live wholly and knowledge in the Laws, and by other
upon Fifli and Milk ; and the word Eb-eid Accomplishments, was advanced by her Ma-
fignifies in Britifh fruitlefs, or without Com. "The jefty Queen Anne to the title and honour of
Inhabitants ( take the words of Solinus ) know Earl of Ila/I
not luhat Corn is, but live upon fijb and milk. Between Ila and Scotland, lies Jona, which T ona ,

"They are all govern d by une King and are fever'd Bede calls Hy and Hu, and which was given to
;

from one another by very narrow arms of the Sea. the Scotch Monks by the Picis, for preaching
'the King hhnfelf has mthing that he can call his own : the Gofpel among them. In it Hands a mo-
all things are in common but he is bound by certain naftery Famous for the burial of the Kings of
;

Laws to be equitable and, left he fhould break Scotland, and for the refidence of many holy
;

them out of covetoufnefs, his Poverty teaches him men. One of the mofl eminent, was Columba
'Juftice having no property, but being wholly main- the Apoflleof the Pifts; from whofe Cell this
;

Uxor Uftir tain d by the Publick. He is not allovfd one wo- Ifle, as alfo the man himfelf, was cali'd by a
ria.
man to himfelf, but takes by turns which foever he compound name Columbkill, as Bed? teftih'es.
fanfies for the prefent ; by which means he lives Here, at lafl,as fome fay, a Bifhop's See was
without or hope, of children of his own.
[The weftern
defire,
Ifles lie upon the weft-fide of
erected in Sodor a little village, from which all
took the name of Sodorenfes, being all
the Ifles
f^ " °
'
rlck cf

Scotland to which Crown (when diftinct

; within his Diocefs.
(Jona is two miles in
and feparate from that of England ) they be- length, almoft from eait to weft, and one in
long'd. The Inhabitants fpeak the Irifli Lan- breadth. There is found in it Marble of feveral
guage, and retain the manners, cuftoms, and colours, with very beautiful veins. The coaft
habits of the ancient Scots, as the Highlan- is exceeding bad, and full of rocks
; and the
ders on the Continent do.~l tides very violent. It has a Church of con.fi-
Thefe Iflands are commonly thought to derable largenefs, dedicated to St. Columbanus,
be forty four in number, but they are which is the Cathedral of the Eiihop of the
many more. Pliny fays there are thirty j Ifles. Here, at Columbkill, are ftill remaining ™. Tranf-
Ptolemy five ; f and thofe who have tra- thefe two Irifh Sepulchral Infcriptions, 2'
belong- . 'I
vell'dthem, reckon them above three hun- ing to Scottifh Princes. F " y '

After
 ; ; ;

H6 3 The British Island; 1464

-+3

and Sounds, divided into five

Maleos. After this, we arrive at the We Malm, as of the Tea, it is

now Mula which Pliny feveral Counties, belonging to five feveral He-
Mula. Ptolemy calls it, ;

Vide de his mention in this paflage, Retiauarum retors : Barmy, to the Laird of Barray ; South-
feems to
G. Buchan. Mellt Wijjl to the Captain of Clan-Raid ; North-viijft
amflior poiitur, i. e.
Melk xxv. mill. fafi.
five miles larger, than Mack-Donald of Slate ; the Harms to Mack-
is reported to be twenty
fliat which is pro-
the reft. For fo the old Venice Edition has it land of Dunvegan ; and
perly called the Levies, to Seafortb. Upon the
whereas the common books read it Rittamrmn
upon north-eaft, lcarce eaft-fide of the Country, arefourLoghs, where-
nulla. rThis Me, the is

miles diftant from the Morvein, a part of in fhips of great burthen may ride/]
four
It is ill length above twenty The reft are all inconflderable, befidcs Hirth ; Hirtb.
the Continent. by
It being either rough and ftony, or inacceffible
four miles, and in breadth almoft as many.
hath a good reafon of craggy cliffs, and fcarce a green
turf
abounds with wood and deer, and
loghs, to be feen in them. fOf all the Ifles about
road called Pokarf, and feveral frefh-water
lieth fartheft into the
and bays, where abundance of herrings are Scotland, this of Hirta
from the neareft
taken. The chief houfes, are, the caftle of fea, being about fifty miles
hold upon a crag on the fea- land. It is two miles in length, and about one
Doviart, a flrong
It
fide ; the caftle of
Lechburg and the caftle of in breadth and has in it fome ten families.
;
;

mountainous, and not acceihble, but by

Anffe. Io th i s I(lc are feven Parifh-Churchcs.] is very
Then w e come
:
to Eafl-Heluda, now Side, climbing. One can hardly imagin, what pro-
out for a long way, facing the
ftretch'd
digious numbers of Fowl frequent the rocks ;
which is
of which as there are many forts, fo fome are
two miles in
coaft of Scotland, fit is about forty
of ftrange fllapes.
in fome Amongft thefe, there is one
length, and in breadth twelve, though Gate-Fowl.
they call the Gare-Fovil, which is bigger than a
places but eight. The fouth part
of it is called
from the Continent by a Goofe, and lays great eggs, and is diftinguifh'd
Slate, and is divided
the by a great white fpot upon the breaft. They
narrow Firth. The air is temperate, and of other
alfb fluff the ftomach of it with the fat
whole Me rery feral in corn: it abounds dried in the
wild-fowl, fowl in the 111c; and having it
with cows, goats, fwine, deer, and
chimney, fell it to their neighbours on the con-
and has about tell Parifh-Churches.l
as a remedy againtl aches and pains.
Then Weft-Hebuda, fo call'd becaufe it lies tinent,
Their flleep are different from all others
more to the weft, but now Levies; the Lordfhip
which ill an old book of Man is having long legs, and long horns; and in-
of Mac-Chjd, Of
It is craggy and mountainous,
ftead of wooll, a bluifh hair upon them.
call'd Lodlim.
greater ex- the milk of their flleep, they make butter, and
and very thinly inhabited, but of poinant to the tafte. They
is divided trom a fort of checfe very
tent than any of the reft ; and
* arm of the Sea. [Levies hath its have no fait, but what they make of fea-tang!e
Euft. Euft, by a fmall Their greateft trade is in fea-
part of it, properly fo called by burning it.
* Eurtput. name from a which they fell ; and the exercife they
it is called the Long-Ifland, thers,
Long-lfland, but by ftrangers Some
fmall affeft moft, is climbing of fieep rocks.
being (with the Burets, join'd to it by a
little : their food
neck of land) threefcore miles in length, corn they have, though but
fome
Ey arms eggs and young fea-fow! and their drink,
in feveral places lixteen broad.
is ;
and
1463 The ISLES ofORKNET, iq.66
whey and They keep their holidays amongft them. They have no fuel for fire; but
water.
very ftrictly their little Chapels.
ill The wo- the fea yearly cafts-in as much timber, as ferves
men culrivare the land, and the men climb the them for that ufe.l
rocks for fowl. The duty they pay their Ma- Thefe, as we have obferv'd before, were all
iler, is mutton, reafted wild-fowl, and purchafedof the King of Norway by the Scots,
reafted
felch-skins. as a fecurity to their kingdom ; though they turn
Others of thefe Iflands, that are lefs confi- to little or no advantage, by reafon or. the tem-
derable than already mentioned, arc, per of the inhabitants, who are of the ancient
thofe
Jura. Jura, lying over-againft Knapdail ; Come twen- Scots or Iriih, men of great fpirit and boldnefs,
ty four miles in length, and in breadth, where that will not fubjecl themfelves to the penalties
broadeft, about 6 miles. The fea-coaft is fertil ot Laws, nor the Sentences of Courts. As for
in corn, and the middle parts are fit for pafture. their manners, drefs, and language, they differ
(Betwixt this and Ila runneth that moft dange- little, or nothing, from the wild Irifh, of
t

Sound of I la
rous chanel called the Sound of lla, near ten whom we have already treated ; fo that you
Scarba. miles long and two broad.) Scarba, about two mayeafily know them to be one and the fame
miles diftant from Jura ; Tome four miles loni^ nation. The perfons of intereii and authority 50, ann.i6o7,
and one broad. It is a high rougli We, and here, are Mac Coned, Mac Alen, or ( as others
hath Come wood in it. Betwixt this and Jura, call him) Maclen, Mac Cloyd de Lewes, and Mac
Arey-Brefcen. runs a flream called Arey-Brefcen, eight miles Cloyd de Harkb. But the moll potent of thefe
long, which is not to be ventured on, but at families, is that of the Mac Conelh deriving :

certain tides; for there is no failing or rowing themfelves from Donald, who, in the reign ot
againfl it. the Me of Mull to- James the third, took the title of King of the
Terie, lying off
wards the weft ; about eight miles in length, Ifles, and ravaged Scotland with all the outrage
and three in breadth, where broadeft. The and cruelty imaginable ; for which his fon John
coaft of it is d..ngerous for rocks, banks, and was attainted, and forced to fubmit himfelf,
violent tides ; and the entries are very bad. and all he had, to the mercy of the King ; who
Colle. Colle, north of Terie, about twelve miles in gave him certain lands in Cantir. In the * laft * So faid,
length, and two in breadth. It is fertil enough ; age, flourifh'd Danel Gormy Mac Coned of this ann ' l6 °7-
wijft. and affords plenty
of Iron-ore. If'ijft, about family, that is, the blue; perhaps fo call'd from
Bar ray. thirty and fix broad. Barray, his cloaths who had iffue Agnus Mac Conell, and
feur miles long, : See Antrim.
Ron a. feven mileslong, and four broad. Rona, a Alexander, who leaving the poor and barren
little low and well manured, which hath foil of Cantir, invaded the Glinnes in Ireland,
Hie,
for many generations been poflefled by five This Agnus Mac Conell was father of James Mac
Families j who feldom exceed the number of Coned, who was (lain by Shan O-Neal and of ;

thirty perfons. They hare a kind of Common- Surley Boy, who had lands given him in Rowt in
wealth among tbemielves and if anyone has Ireland by the bounty of Queen Elizabeth,
;

more children than another; he that has fewer James Mac Conell had iifue Agnus Mac Coned, and
takes from his neighbour fo many as will make (but of him we have fpoken already) between
his number equal. Thofe that are above thirty, whom and Mac-Clen there was fuch an inve-
are fent with the fea-boat to Lewis, to Seajorth terate enmity, as the relation between the two
their Mailer; to whom they pay yearly a quan- families could not extinguifh, nor reflrain them
tity of meal ftkched up in fheep-skins, and ibme from feeking the blood and ruin of each other.
feathers of fea-fowls. All things are common

[The ORCJDES, or IJles of ORKNET^

S we from the Hebudes vers'd in Antiquities, and Minifter of Kirkwad,)
coaft
to the north eaft, we come hath given, in his Defcription of thefe Iiles.
in fight of the Orcades, now Orkney lies in the Northern temperate Zone:
Orkney, being a duller of in longitude 2 2 degrees 1 1 minutes ; in latitude
* thirty Ifles, foparated from 59 degrees 2 minutes. The length of the long-
habited, one another by little arms of elt day is eighteen hours and fome odd minutes.
below.
the Sea they are faid in a For a great part of June it will be fo clear at
:

certain old manufcript to be fo call'd from midnight, that one may read in their chamber:
Argot) that is ( as it is there explain'd ) yet what a late writer tells us cannot be true, that
Above the Getes : But I had rather inter- trom the hill of Hoy a man may fee the fun at
pret it, Above the Cat for it lies over-againft midnight.
;
It cannot be the true body of the

Cath, a Country of Scotland, which, from the fun, but only the image of it refrafted through
promontory, is now called Catnefs the Inha- the fea, or fome watery cloud about the Ho-
;

bitants whereof feem to be falfly called, in rizon feeing it muft be as far deprened under
;

Ptolemy, Carini inftead of Catini. Thefe Iflands, our Horizon in June, as it is elevated above
in Solinus's time, were without Inhabitants, and it in December and from that hill, the fun is
;

overgrown with rufhes but now they are cul- to be feen in the fhorteft day of December, above
;

\ See below.
tivated, and f produce much barley; but no five hours and a half.
wheat, nor woods, nor trees. The air and clouds here, by the operation of
TBut to be more particular, concerning_ the Situ- thefun,dofometime generate ftrange things. For
ation, Air, Seafons, and Tides we will follow the inftance; Not many years fince, while fome fifher-
;

account, which Mr. James Wallace (a perfon well men were fifhing half a league from land over-
8 7L againfl
 The British Islands. 1468
H<57
tell down withftanding all this rapidity
of the tides and
againfE Copinflia, in a fair day, there
ot a births, the Inhabitants do almoft daily travel
from the Air a Stone about the bignefs
Boat, and from Ifle to Ifle, about their feveral bufinefs, in
foot-ball : it fell ill the midft of the
ot the their little Cock-boats.
fprung a leak in it, to the great hazard
which could The firft Planters and Pofleffors of this Pi*-
lives of the men who were
in it :

generated in Country, are faid by the Inhabitants, and

be no other but fome fubftance
Hiftorians, to have been the
the clouds. The Stone was like condenfed or the generality of An-
petrified Clay, and was a long
time in the cu- Pifis ; and the fame Hiftorians call Orkney,
that time tiquum PiBmtm regnum, the ancient
Kingdom
ftody of Captain Andrew Dick, at
of the Pifis There being in this Country fe-
:

Stewart of the Country.

more iub- veral ftrange antick Houfes ( many of which
Stafoni. Here, our Winters are generally ftill call'd
overgrown with Earth,) that are
jefi to rain than
mow nor does : the troft are
other Pifis Houfes ; and the Firth that runs between
and mow continue fo long here, as in
from them call'd Pililand
parts of Scotland but the winds, in the mean this and Caithnefi, is
;

Some- Firth i. e. the Firth that runs by the Land of

time, will often blow very boifteroufly.
:

but by the Pifis. Though Buchanan (to eftablifh his

times the rain defends not by drops, called Return
down Opinion) would rather have it
fpouts of water, as if whole clouds fell own
Penthlandicum, from Penthm, a man of; his
at once. About four years ago, after a thun-
making. Thefe Verfes of the Poet Clau-
der, in the month of Jane,
there fell a great
more than a foot thick. dian,
flake of Ice
the
Situation. This Country is wholly furrounded with
Sea ; having Pightland-Frith
on the fouth, the
Sea that • Maduerunt Saxone fufo,
Deucaledonian Ocean on the weft, the
and the Orcadei, imaluit Pitlorum fanguine 7'hule.
divides it from Zetland on the north,
German Sea on the eaft Zetland ftands north
.

eaft and by eaft from

Orkney ; and, from the
The Orkney Ifles with Saxon Blood were
Statt in Sanda to Swinlaagb-bead, the moft fou-
leagues, wet,
thcrly pointin Zetland, is about eighteen
And T'hule with the PiBifh gore did
where there is nothing but Sea all the way,
within eight leagues of fweat
rave Fair-Ifle, which lies
;

S-winlnirgh-head. _

Pightland-Firth, which divides this

Country
pightlanrl
do evidently prove, that the PiBs, with fome
from Caithness, is in breadth from
Duncans-bay
Firth.
in Orkney, other Colony of the German Nation (particu-
to the nearcft point of South Ronalfba
larly the Saxons) were at that time the Poflef-
about twelve miles in it are many tides
:
(to
twenty four) which run with fors and Inhabitants of thefe Northern Ifles.
the number of
that a Ship under Moreover, to this day many of the Inhabitants
fuch an impetuous current, which
fail is no more able to
make way againfl the ufe the Norfe, or old Gothkk Language,
is not much different from the Old
F'eutonick,
hincter'd by a Retnora
tide, than if it were ;

have or the Language which the Pifis ufed. Be-

which I conceive is the caufe, why fome ancient Inhabitants
faid that they have found
the Remora in thefe (ides, the Sirnames of the
are of a German Original ; for the Seattrs are

In this Firth, about two miles

from the fo called from Seater, one of the old German
a little Iflc, but Idols which they worfhipped for Saturn :
The
s, rom , coaft of Caithnefi, lies Stroma,
vici- •faits from Twitfi, i. e. the Dutch, who
had that
pleafant and fruitful: and. becaufe of its
'

its being ftill under the name from

Twifco the foil of Noe and Tythea,
nity to Caithmfs, and The
jurifdiaions of the Lords of that
Country, it the famous progenitors of the Germans ;
Culdees or Keldeis (as
is not counted as
one of the Ifles of Orkney. Keldas, from the ancient
the Spotpwod thinks) who were the ancient
Priefts
On the north-fide of this Ifle, is a part of the or Minifters of the Chriftian Religion among
ot Stroma ; and at
Firth called the Stoelchee
and the PiHsJo call'd becaufe they liv'd in CtJ&: The
weft-end of it, betwixt it Me) in Caithnefi.
cillcd the Merrie Baikies, from fome fmall
running water, which
there is another part of it, names
dange- in the Teuunick is called a Baikie. So, the
Men of Mey ; both which are very as Hourflane, Corftane, Tor-
that end in State ;
rous.
is a PiBifh or Teuto-
and flows here as in other ftane, Beiftane, &c. which
.
,

Tides. The Sea ebbs

termination of Sirname, fignifying the fu-
places yet there are fome Pbanomena, the rea- uick
;
out as, perlative degree of comparifon.
And many
ion of which cannot eafily be found :

needful, to
hours fooner more might be added, if it were
in the Ifle of Sanda, it flows two
than on the eaft and in fliew that the PiSifh Blood is as yet in this
on the weft fide, ;

that that People were the firft

Faira (which lies between Eda and IVe- Countrey, and
North
llra) the Sea ebbs
nine hours, and flows but Pofleffors of it.
And at Hammonefs in Sanda, both ebb But at what time the PiBs firft planted thele
three. writers fome fay,
the begin- Ifles, is controverted by our :

and flood runs one way, except at

or three that in the year of the World 4867,
the Pifis
ning of a quick ftream, when, tor two out
having left their native Country, to feck
hours, the flood runs fouth.
turbulent in a ftorm, fome new habitation, came firft to Orkney;
The Sea here is very the Country,
pleafant in a calm. The Tides are ve- where they left a Colony to plant
and as
violent, by reafon of the multi- and then,
with their main body, ferrying over
ry fwift and Rcfs,
of the paf- PiBland-firth, and paffing through Caithnefi,
tude of the Ifles, and narrownefs
reft of the Sea is fmooth, Murray,
Marr, and Angm, at laft fettled them-
far>e ; for when all the from them,
thefe tides carry their waves and billows felvcs in Fife and Lomhian, which,
called PiBlandia. Others
is by our Writers
& probably think, that the Pifis did not
The Tides run with fuch violence, that they more King of Scots ;
adjoining fettle here till the time of Reuther
caufe a contrary motion in the Sea
they call Eafler-birth, or when the Scots, by
an inteftine divilion, war-
to the land, which
one another, eacli Party being af-
Wefttr-l'irtb, 6 upon
according to its courfe : Yet, Jiot- rine v
lifted
L4i9 The ISLES of ORKNEY. 1470
by a confiderable number of the Picts, extinfl in Britain, * the
fitted
Fifts planted them-* Sue before,
they fought fo defperately, that, befides Gethns (elves
m
thefe Iflands ; and Claudian fays in
King of the Pifts, the greateit number both of his poetical way,
Scots and Pi'clifh Nobility were killed, with
many thoufands of the Commons of both Na-
tions. Which great (laughter, with the inva- Madummt Sttxvae fitfd
fion of the Britons at the fame time, co'nftrain'd Orcades.
the Picts (who perceived thcmfelves unable to
refill) fome by land and others by fea,
to fly, The Orcades with Saxon gore o'reflow'd.
to where they abode for a time, and
Orkney,
made Gothm, brother of the forefaid Gethm
their King. And after a i'tw years, having Nmnius alfo tells us, that Oclha and Eliiffm,
left fome of their number to people and plant both Saxons, who
ferv'd under the Britain?,
the^Countrey, they return'd to Louthian and fail'd round the Pifts in vl Kyules, and wailed
;

having expelled the Britons, fettled themfelves Orkney.

again in their ancient pofleffions. t Alter that, they came under the dominion.!
The Countrey being thus planted, the Peo- of the Norwegians (by which means the Inha- See below
ple grew and multiplied, and for a long time bitants fpeak Gothick) upon the grant
made by
were govern' d by Kings of their o\\n 3 after the Donald Ban, who after the death of his brother
manner of the Picts and other Nations. There Malcolm Can MorKing of Scots, had excluded his
is frill a place in this Country, that by reafon nephews and ufurp'd the Kingdom ; and hop'd
of its name and antick form, fliould feem to to be fupported by the Norwegians
in thefe wick-
have been the Refidence of fome of thofe ed Ufurpations. The Norwegians
continu'd
Kings; for it is call'd Cuningfgar, though now in polleffiou of them till the year 1 255.
Then, See below. ||
||
a dwelling-houfe of the Minifter of Sandwich. Magnus the fourth of that name,
King of
But the memory of the Names and Actions of Norway, being exhaufled by a war with Scot-
thefe Kings, are, by iniquity of time, and care- land, furrender'd them to Alexander
the third
lefnefs of \Vnters, buried in filence ; except a King of Scots by treaty
; and they were af-
Memoriidi of one of them (viz. Belm) which terwards confirm'd to King Robert
Brus in
is at this time on a Stone in the Kirk of Birfa the year 13 12, by Haquin
King of Norway.
(where probably the King had his principal Reli- * At laft, in the year i 58,
4 Chriftian, the firlt * S ee below
dence, and at this hour, one of our King's chief- King of Norway and Denmark,
renoune'd all
eft Palaces remains, ) having the name, Belm, right and title for himfclf
and his Succelfors,
engraven on it, in ancient Characters. The to James the third, King of Scotland,
upon a
knowledge which the Romans had in thefe marriage between him and his daughter
; and
parts, appears, among other Teftimonies, from fo transferr'd his right to his fon-m-law, and
the Names which they gave to fome of the his fucceflbrs for ever and to corroborate it ;

Iflands :1 The chiefeft, and moft remarkable of further, it was alfo confirm'd by the Pope.
which, is Pomona Thrice] a Bifhop's See, call'd [But to give a larger (tho' fomewhat diffe-
by Solium Pomona Diut'ma, from the length of rent) View of thofe Revolutions in Govern-
the days there, but by the prefent Inhabitants ment here ; let us betake our felves to our
* Mainland, as if it were a Continent. It is a- Mr. Walla;.
* See below former Guide.
Kirkwal. dorn'd with a Bifhop's Seat, at Kirkwal a little This Countrv, it is like, continu'd under the
.

Town, and with two Caflles ; and abounds in Government of their own Princes, till the fa-
Tin and Lead. Ocetis is alfo reckon'd among tal ruin and fubverfion of the Pictifh King-
thefe Ides by Ptolemy ; I fuppofe it may be dom in Scotland, in the year of our Lord
839.SC0F,
Hethy. that, which we now call Hethy. But whether At which time, Kenneth the fecond, that mar-
Hey. Hey, which is one of thefe, be Pliny's Dumna, tial King ot Scots, having in many
battles 0-
is a queftion that I cannot yet refolve. If it verthrown the Pights, at laft expell'd them out
is not, I fliould be more apt to think Fair- of Scotland, and feizing on Fife and Louthian,
IJle, to be Dumna (in which the only town is and the other large territories they had there-
call'd Dum,) than Wardhuys in Lapland, as Be- in, purfucd them to Orkney vanquifhing thefe
;

canus does. Illes, and adding them to his other Domi-

Julius Agricola, rhc firfl who fail'dround nions.
Britain, difcover'd the Orcades in that Voyage, Orlmey being thus annexed to tile Crown of
(unknown World till that time,) and Scotland, continued many years under the Go-
to the
conquer'd them. So little right has Claudia'. vernment of Scottiih Kings and their
Lieute-
to this conqucft, as St. Hierom, in his Chronicle, nants, till about the year
1099. At which
would have it, that Juvenal, in Hadrian's time,' time, Donald Bain, Lord of the Illes
( having
writes thus of them, ufurped the Crown, and caufed himfelf to be
proclaimed King of Scotland, and being there-
upon put hard to it by the injur'd Heir, and
—* Anna quid ultra ? difcontented Nobility ;) that he might not lofe
Littora Juvrrna promovimm &
modo captas what he had nnjuftly ufurp'd, invited Magnus
Orcades, & minima contentos noBe Bri- King of Norway, to come to his affiftance,
with an offer of the Ifles for his pains. Who
coming with his Navy, invaded Orkney and the
Weftern Ifles ; putting Garrifons in all conve-
What tho' the Orcades have lately own'd our nient places.
power ?
By means, the Norwegians got poffeffion
this
Norwegian,
What tho' Juverna's tam'd, and Britain's ot this Country, and held it for the fpace
of
fhore 164 years ; when they came to lofe all again
That boafts the fliorteft night ? upon this occafion. Anno 126}, Alexander the
third being then King of Scotland, Acho
(by
fome called Hagin ) King of Norway, hoping
Afterwards, when the Roman Empire (from the divilions that were then in the King-
dom,
 MHi^HHMH

The British Islands, [472

the Cudoms payable by the Town of Aber-
dom, and the famine that then prefs'd the land)
Scotland, deen.
to make fome further conqueft in
Having thus far treated of the Ifles of Ork-
comes with a great Navy and Army of Danes
in general ; we will now proceed to a
and Norwegian to the Weft Ifles, and conquers ney,
of them. And
Arrm and Bute (which were' the only Ifles at more particular Enumeration
the Scots whatever the Ancients have written of the Number, and
that time, under the Dominion of :
)
U
Orkney, it is certain, ^"j
and from this fuccefs, hoping for greater, he number of the Ifles of |iIs tf

lands on the Continent, and takes-in the there are but twenty fix at prefent inhabited, GrfeBe „
Town and Caftle of Air. But King Alexander viz. South Ronaldjba, Swinna, Hoy, Burra, Lamb-
Faira, Cava, Gramfey, Mainland,
having affembled a great Army, allaults him holm, Flotta,
Largis, kills his Nephew, a perfon Copinjba, Shapinjha, Damfey, Inballo, Stronfa, Pa-
in battle at
Ronaldjba, Eda, Roufa-
of high renown, and after a great flaughter of pa-Stronfa, Sanda, North
number of twenty four Wyre, Gairfa, Eglejha, North-Faira, M^efira,
his Soldiers ( to the
thoufand) puts the remainder to flight. Im- Papa IVeJlra. The reft of the Ifles are called
mediately upon this defeat, King Actio hears of Holms, and are only ufed for Pafturage ; all of
another fad lofs, namely, that his Fleet, con- them being feparated from one another, by
fome narrow (freights here. You may remark
fiding of an hundred and fifty Ships, were,
that molt of the names end in A, or Ey,
by tile force of an outragious temped, all cad
away, and broken againft the rocks except ;
which in the leutonick Tongue fignifieth water ;
to fhew that thefe Ifles are pieces of land
four, in which he preiently embarked, and
fled

to Orkney. Being come thither, he fent to Nor furrounded with water.

way and Denmark for a new Army and
Fleet They are of different natures ; fome fandy,
with an intention to invade Scotland th fome marifh fome abound in mofs, and fome
;

next Summer ; but he died in the beginning have none fome are mountainous, and fome
;

"}an. 0.1. of the following year, and Was buried it

plain. Of thefe, fome are called the Jouth- South-Ifles.
Ifles, and others the norr/j-Ifles ; and this, as
1264. that place, where the Cathedral now (lands
under a marble Stone, which is feen to this theyftand to the fouth or north of the greateft
Ifle, called the Mainland.
day. .

After his death, King Alexander invaded the South Ronaljlht is the Southermoft of thefeSouth.Re»aJ-
being five miles long, and fertile in Com J"-
life of Man and the Weftern Ifles ; which, af- Ifles i
abounding with People. To the South-
ter fome opposition, he recovered, and inten- and
lie the Pightland-Skerries ; dangerous to
ding to make the like attempt for the recovery eaft,
came Ambalfadors Seamen but to the Norch, is St. Margarets
of Orkney and Zetland, there
:

Magnus King of Norway and Den- Hope, a very fafe Harbour for Ships, which has
to him from
father Acho in thefe no difficulty in coming to it, fave a Rock in
mark (who fucceeded his
Kingdoms) a perfon well enclin'd, and one that the midft of the Sound, betwixt this Ifle and
After feveral Treaties, it was at Burra, called Lippa.
From Burwick in this: Ifle.
feared God.
to Duncans-bay in Caith-
laft agreed on, that King Alexander fliould pay is the ufual Ferry
to the King of Norway the Sum of four thou- ness.
fand Marks Sterling, with the Sum of an hun- A
little feparated from this, to the South-

Mag- Swinna, a fmall Ifle, and only con(i-S w inna.

dred Marks by year And weft,
that
: for this, lies

all right that derable for a part of Pightland Firth,

lying a
nus King of Norway, ffiould quit
little to the wed of it, and called the Wells of
he might pretend to in the Hies of Orkney and
Scotland : which Swinna, winch are rwo whirlpools in the Sea
Zetland, and the other Ifles of
I

great '(occafioned, asitis thought, through fome lna

accordingly he did by Letters under his
tun
earth below ;) and thefe turn
Seal renouncing and giving over all righr or tus that is in the
•

claim that he had, or might have,

both for round with fuch violence, that if any boat or o
come within their reach, they will whirl
him and his Succeifors, to thefe and all the other ihip
And for the better confirma- it about, till it be fwallowed up and drown'd.
Ifles of Scotland.
hereof, a marriage was agreed on between They are only dangerous in a dead Calm ; for
rion
and if there be any wind, and the boat under fail,
the Lady Margaret, daughter of Alexander,
Hangoumms (or or Auuhie, as others there is no danger in going over them.
Hatmigfi,
If a

callhim ) fon to King Magnus, both children, boat happen to come near them in a Calm,
to be compleated when they came to a mar- through the force of rhe tide, the Boats-men
riageable eftate. take this way for their prefervation ; they
throw a barrel', or oar, or any thing that comes
This Magnus King of Norway was a Prince
of great piety and devotion ; for which he
was next to hand, into the Wells, and when it is
reputed a Saint, and commonly called Saint j
fwallowed up, the Sea remains fmooth, for a
He greatly advanced the Chriftian Re- time, for any boat to pafs over.
Magnus.
ligion in this Country, whofe Patron he is
held Beyond this, and to the weft of Soutlr-Rcr
and thought to have founded that Waes and Hoy which are but cmeWm^iHoy.
naldfia, lies ;
to be ; is

Kirkwall, which about twelve miles long, full of high

is now the Ifle,
ftatcly edifice in
Cathedral, calf d from him St. Magnus's Kirk.
Mountains, and but thinly inhabited, unlefs
The opinion of his Sanctity and Miracles, in Waes, where the ground is more pleafant

made him fo famous, rhat the day wherein King and fertile. From Snel-fetter, is the other Fer-
Robert Bruce gave that great and memorable
de- ry out of this Country, ro Ham in Caithness.
featto the Englifh at Banmckburn, there was Here are feveral good Harbours, Kirk-hope,
tradition North-hope, Ore-hope, and others ; but not much
feen riding through Aberdeen (as the
hath gone) a horfe-man in fllining armor, who
frequented.

told them of the Victory, and afterwards

was To rhe North of South-Ronaldjba, about a
Burra.
feen riding over Pightland Firth :
Whereupon, mile, lies Burra, a pleafant little Ifle, fruitful
it was concluded (faith
Boethius, who tells this in Corn, and abounding with Rabbets.
that it was St. Magnus. And upon that Betwixt it and the Main-land, is Lambholm jLambholai.
ftory)
the weft, toward Hoy-mouth, lie Flotta,
account, the King, after the Vidory, order'd, and to
for Faira, Cava, and Gramfey, all of them fruitful
that five Pounds Sterling fhould be paid
Ifles, though not large.
ever to St. Magnus's Kirk in Kirkwall, out of and pleafant
Next
[
473 The [SJ.ES of ORKNET,
Next to thefe, is the Mam-land before-men-
i it is faid that St. Magnus,
the Patron of this
tion d fome twenty four miles long, and well Country,
;
lies buried.
inhabited. About the middle of this Iile, To the North of Eglifia is IVeflra, feven
looking to the North, {lands Kirbnat, Weilrt,
the only miles long tt is pleafant, fertile,
good Town in all this Country. There are in it
:
and well-
inhabited, and hath a convenient
tour remarkable and excellent Harbour for
Harbours for Ships at Pirivla: At the Eaft
Ships One is, at Kirkwall, both large end of it lies
:
and fafe, Faira, called tor diftinction Faira be
without danger of (hoals North ; and
or blind rocks as they to the North-and-by-eaft
is Pafa-Wefira, a
come to it, unlefs they come from the Weft pleafant Ifle, three miles in
by luballo and Gairfa : Another is at Deirfound, length, and famous
torbt.Tredwels Chapel and Loch; of
which is a great Bay, and a very fafe road tor which
many things are reported by the vulgar.
ships having good anchoring-ground, and ca-
;
All thefe Ifles arc indifferently fruitful, well Prooua
pable to give ihelter to the greatcft at
Navies. ftored with fields of Corn
and herds of Cattle the lite,
1 he third is at Grahamfiall, toward the Eaft- and abound
with Rabbets, but arc deftitute
fide ot this Ifle, where is a
convenient road ; ot Wheat, Rye, and Peafe.
but the Ships that fail to it from the eaft, keep
The chief Produfls of this Country
betwixt Lambbolm and the Main-land and
; for the which are exported
yearly by the Merchant,
other way, betwixt Lambbolm and Buna (which
are Beer, Malt, Meal, Fifti,
appears to be the only open way,) is found very Tallow, Hides
Stockings, Butter, Selch-skins,
fhallow and dangerous, even tor fmall Ships. Otter-skins'
Rabbet-skins,
The fourth is at Kairfton, a fmall Village at Writing-Pens, Lamb-skins, white Salt, Stuffs'
Downs, Feathers, Hams, Wool'
the weft-end of the Main-land; where is a very
&c.
and commodious Harbour, well-fenced a-
fate
They have good ftore of field and garden-
all winds and weathers
gainft
by two fmall plants ; and make great quantities
Holms
that ftand at the entry. ot Luiter.
Copt!]/]:; Their Ews are fo fertile, that moft of
To
the Eaft of Main-land, lies
Cofinha, a have two at a birth, and lome i„ree;
tuem
nay * my
_

but very confpicuous to Sea-men ; in

little Ifle,
Mr. WA-
Author affirms, that he has feen four at a '

which, and in feveral other places of this Coun- birth ,*

all living, and following the Dam.
try, are to be found in great plenty excellent Their
Horfes are but little, yet ftrclig and lively •
Stones for the game called Curling. To the they have great herds of Swine, and
North-rail ot this Ifle, is a Holm called The Warrens
(almoft in every Ifle) well ftur'd with
Horfe oj Copinfba. Rabbets
Northines. I hat they can want either Fiih or
To the North of Main-land, lie the North lidering the (ituation Fowl, con-
Shapinlha, of the Country, we can-
Iiles the firft of which is
;
Sbafinfia, betwixt not well imagine. The Eagles and Kites are
hvc and iix miles long, with a life Harbour tor
there in great plenty, and are very troublefome,
Ships at ElicicL
feizing fometimes upon young Children
Of
an equal bignefs to that, toward the
carrying them a good way ; fo that if
and
South-eaft, lies Sttonfa, which hath two conve-
any one
kills an Eagie, he may by law
nient Harbours, one at Lingafiund, fenced claim a hen out
with >f every houte in the Panto
Linga-holm ; the other at Strynie, fenced with where it is killed.
Hawks and Falcons have their nefts in feveral
a ht.tle pleafant Iile to the North of it, called
jarts of the Iflands ; and the King's
Papa-fironfa. Falconer
comes every year and takes the young,
Beyond thefe, to the North, at a pretty di- who
nas twenty pounds Sterling in Salary,
ftance, lies Sanda, about eleven and a
or twelve miles Hen or a Dog out ot every
in length, but very narrow Houfe in the Coun-
; well ftored with try, except fome Houfes
Corn and Rabbets. that are privileged
It hath two roads for They have leveral Mines of Silver, Tin,°
Ships, one
at Kitk-tofi, guarded by a little and
Lead, and perhaps of orher Merals
Holm, ; but none
The Holm of Elnefs
called the other at are improved.
;
They find abundance of Mark,
Otterfwick, guarded by rhe moft Northern Ifle in inch turns to good account to the
North-Ro- all Country, called Nortls-Rona/fba, which
this Husband-
nalfiia. man. Free-ftone quarries, wirh grey
is a little fruitful Iile and red
but both it and Sanda Slate, are in many
;
places ; and in fome, Mar-
are deftitute of mofs-ground, and
are forced to ule and Aiabafter.
bring their peits or turfs a great way off, from
When the Winds are violent, the Sea calls-
the adjacent Iile Eda.
in pieces ot ttees, Ambergreefe,
This Eda lieth to the South-eaft of Sanda, exotick Fowls,
and other things.
and is near five miles in length, and full of mofs
Foreft or Wood they have none
and hills ; but thinly inhabited, unlets it be ; nor any
Trees, except in the Bifhop's gardens
about the skirts of it It hath a fafe road to at Kirk-
:
wall, where are fome Afhes, limn,
the North, call'd Calf-found, guarded and Plum-
by a large trees. Here and there, in
Holm call'd the Calf of Eda, in which is a good den, there a Gentleman's gar-
are Apple and Cherry-trees;
Salt-Pan. but
the Fruit feldom comes to any degree
Damfcy. Three miles to the Weft of Kirhwal, at the riry. Yet of matu-
it fhould feem, that
bottom of a large Bay, lies a little Ifle, called there have been
Woods formerly ; for they find Trees in the
Damfey, with a Holm betide it, as big as it felf
Modes, of twenty or thirty foot in
To the North-weft lies Roufa, a large Ifle, with their branches length,
entire.
about fix miles long, full of heatherly hills,
Where the Country is divided into fo many
and well-ftored wirh Plover and Moor-fowl
mall Iflands, it cannot be expected
:

it is but thinly inhabited. there fhould

be any large Rivers yet bourns and rorrents
:
Betwixt it and the main land, lies Inballo
; they have, well replenifhed with
and toward 'Kirkwal lies H-'yre and Gairfa, fmall, Trours. There
are many Lochs but they ferve for no other
;
but profitable, Ifles.
ule, than affording water to
North framKirkuial, at eight miles diftance, Cattle. their Mills or
I he many excellent
ftands — roads, bays and
Eglefha,
C J ' fomething more mail two
M, "'v than LWU miles portS, make
11I11CS ports,
"J, IT it exceeding
long, but pleafant and fertile, having a conve- commodious for na-
vipfinnn.
vigation,
nient road for Ships betwixt it and
Wyre,\
There is in it a little handfome Church, where
?A Thus
 > ;

1475
The British Islands. 1476
Parliament, unlets their own neceflities requir'd
Thus much of the feveral Ifles, and the Pro-
the year 1536, King James the Veb,. s.
dufts of them. As to particular places, The it. And in
Country, is fifth ratified the former Charter, by a new
only remarkable Town in this
one of note in Charter of Confirmation. And in the year
Kirkwall ; and being the only his Reftora-
s 1661, King Charles the fecond, after
Mr. Wallace swhich alfo is the Cathedral Church, and Bifiof
Account cf Palace, and both the Civil and Ecclehaftical Ad- tion, ratified the
former Charters by a Signa-
pafs it fl- ture under his Royal hand. Whereupon the DMci whUl! _
miniftration of the Ifles ; we cannot
Kiri.mll. ^

defcripticn of the Parliament at Edinburgh confirmed all by their ^s, May 25.
yer, without a particular
with this fpecial provifion, That what Aug. 22.
ftatc of it. This then is an ancient Borough, Aft ; yet
long the
pollcfs'd Danes, byby whom it was ism granted to them ly that A3, might not prejudice '6?°'
the intereft of the Bifhop of Orkney.
called and built upon a pleafant
Cmcomaca,
The Town is goveru'd by a Provoft, four
Oyfe or inlet of the Sea, near the middle of the
Bailiffs, and a Common Council, as in
other
Main-land. It is near a mile ill length, with
Boroughs.
narrow Streets and has a very fate harbour
;

The Church of this Country, as alfo that churcti-Go-

and road for Ships. Here is the Seat of Juftice
:

keeping their feveral of Zetland, was under the government of one vernment.
the Stewart, and Sheriff,
Bifhop, ftiled the Bifllop of Orkney and Zetland. Bifliop.
Courts in this place where all publick bufinefs
;

ate dated i The Bifhop's Revenue was

great heretofore,
is done. Almoit all the Houfes in it
s but afterwards did not amount to much more
but the moil remarkable Edifices, are St. Magna
than eight thoufand Marks Chamberlains,
Church, and the Bifhop's Palace. As for the
;

and other Officers Fees being paid.

King's Caftle, it is now demolidled, but by
ftrong and The Cathedral Church is St. Magnus's Church St. Magnw.
the ruins, it appears to have been a
built by fome in Kirkwall. It was founded ( as is thought)
flately Fort, and was probably
as appears from a by St. Magnus, King of Norway, but after-
of the Bifhops of Orkney ;
enlarged by fome of the pious
remarkable Stone fet in the midft of the wall wards greatly
that looks towards the Street,
which has a Bifhops of that See. Bidiop Stewart enlarged
all above the Grees ; and Bifhop
Bifhop's and Arms engraven on it. it to the eaft,
Miter
teaching Reid, with three Pillars to the weft. It is a
There is a publick School for the
in it
Structure, built crofs-
a competent Sa- very beautiful and ftately
of Grammar, endow 'd with moft part free-Hone, ftanding
lary ; and at the north-end
of the Town, is a ways, and for the
ditch'd about on on Pillars, all moft curioufly vaulted. The
place built by the Englifh, ;

war, they plant Cannons tor three Gates by which they enter into it, are
which, in time of and white polifh'd Stones,
the defence of the
Harbour againft the Ships of chequer d with red
in an elegant way ; and
Enemy- As it fell out anno 1666, when embofl'ed and flower'd
the height ( ftand-
our King and the Hol- the Steeple is raifed to a great
there was war between Pillars) in which is a fet
landers, and a Dutch
man of war coming to ing on four ftately
In the year
many guns at the Town, ot excellent and harmonious
Bells.
the toad (who fliot the Pyramid of the Steeple, being co-
take away fome ot the Ships 1670,
with a deiign to wood, was burnt by Thunder
harbour ) was by feme Can- vered with
that wcte in the by the induitry of Bifhop MackemAe, and
fo bruifed, that he Was but,
non from the Mount of fome charitable perfons, it was a-
the lofs ot many ot his liberality
forced to flee with
gain repair'd, and the largeft Bell (which had
mC " erefted into a royal been damaged by the
fall it had at the burning
Th s Town had been
j
the Steeple) hath been re-founded, and
in the time of the
Danes and Amo :
of
Dm. SiM. Borough again, in Holland.
third gave them a Chat- caft
Mac. ult. ,,80 King James Aa one
erection and privileges, Befides the Cathedral, rhere arc thirty
confirming their old Country, wherein Di-
tel-
their Antiquity and giving Churches more in this
and fpecifymg vine Service is celebrated as alfo a great many
hold Borough-Courts to ar-
;

hem power to
in number
and imprifon, to
make Laws and Ordi- ancient Chapels, above an hundred ;

r it
Mag.ftn.tes which fhews, that the Country was no lefs
an-
and to cleft their own
nances, is at prefent, ferious in Devo-
early, for the
g°od government of the Town: ciently, than it
Market on Tuefday and tion.
to have a weekly This Diocefe had its feveral ancient Digm- Cathedral,
Fairs in the year one about
Friday, and three for a long time but thefe,
Palm-Sunday, another
at and ^the third I--,
ties and Privileges :

each to continue three days. He

by the conftant trouble that this Country was
It Martinnuv, of Matters, being leffen'd;
moreover bellowed on
them feme Lands about in by the change
Robert Reid made a new erection and
the cuftoms and (hore-dues, Bifhop
the Town, with foundation, confiding of feven (a) Dignities,
a Pit and Gallows, and all
Sd the power ofgranted to any Royal Borough feven
Prebends, thirteen Chaplains or Vicars
other privileges and fix Chorifters a par-
exempting them at the Choral, one Sacrift, ;

within the Kingdom ;

Commifhoners to ticular Account of which we infert, by way of

fame time from fending any Note

the Ca-
r n under the Bifliop. the correction and amendment of
a *„ n ,l, nn,

'SO^. "±^0" ££
,

W
.

Mr. Wallace's had Sotted to him the Prebendary of the Holy

rrebends, aim v^idp
Sbe'nos i. An
Account of nons, with the ma ntenance of the Kirk of Bxrra.
the Vicaridge of c7«d K»
r> „„„/,«,

#£
-,

the ancient Trinity, and

Confutation Arch Deacon, who was
to govern th -l eop ™<f g
accorclmg Ilfpofition
F ^
of the Canon-law ; and to
j rf ft. 0/«,^
of the Cache him was
'^,^^^^?^^^&AcLatL^ w of the Kirk of H.,r, ;. A Fre-
riral of St.
MagtiM.
within the Cathedral
center, who was
™
Kirk ot K,rk? aU , !°§ e ' n
to rule the Singer, m he
Mmci C>re and d ,„ him were
raj s b ^
thc p rc bendary of Orfbir,
o„„d to J
^?^£MKwP*S^£STpS
u» r»
read in the 1 ontmcai
i
™* J , , „ ,
all who ought .0 be prefent ,
Hroifter,
and ,0 look .0
and to keep the common Seal and
the prefetving and mending
the Books of he ^' rc a r
§ "^
;„ S,„^\„A Vicaridge of SanJa.
Key of the Library: to him was al lone «? *i,^.^ £
Church, and facred Veftmenls ; and to
,. \Treafurer who to keep w- ^"**£*£,,<£
th
'
Light8 rf the Kirk , to him was
H77 The ISLES of ORKNEY. H78
Note, to gratify the Curiofity of the Rea ted and united to the Crown ; cfpecially, fuch.
d er. as fhould be thought ncceflary to be united

In which condition the Church continued, as to it. And the King gave back, and difponed
lon^ as Popery flood ; but the Reformation to the Bifhop, feveral Lands in the Pariflies of
coming in, and Robert Stewart, Earl oi Orkney, ha- Ham, Orphir, Stromnejs, Sandwick, Shapenfia,
vingobtained the Bifhoprick from Bifhop Both™ JVaes, Hoy, St. Ola, and of Evie, Buna and.

( by the e:\change of the Abbey of Holy-Rood- Flotta, to be a Patrimony to the Bifhop and his
Houfe,) became fole Lord of the Country where-
: Succeflbrs for ever ; together with (b) many
upon, he, and his fon Earl Patrick, who fuc- other Powers, Privileges, and Jurifdictions.
ceeded him, did in the Church as they pleafed. This Contract was made Anno 1614 ; And
At kft, James Law being made Bifhop of in the year following, by an A£t dated at
Orkney, and the Earldom being united to the Edinburgh the 22' of November, the feveral
11

Crown (by the death and forfeiture of the a- Dignities and Miniflers, both in the Bifhop-
forefaid Patrick Stewart ; ) He, with the confent rick and Earldom, were provided to particu-
of his Chapter, made the following Contract lar maintenances ( belides wiiat they were in
with King James the fixth. They tviigu'd to pofleilion of before,) payable, by the King and
the King and his fucceflbrs, all their EcclehV Bifliop, to the Miniflers in their feveral bounds
ftical Lands and Polleffions, with all rights audi refpeclively.
ftcurities belonging thereto, to be incorpora-J

fupply the place of the Provoft in his abfence, for the amending of the defects of the Chapter ; to him
was allotted the Parfonage of Hoy, and the Vicaridge of Wan. 7. A Sub-Chantor, who was bound to

play upon the Organs each Lord's day, and Feftivals, and to fupply the place of the Chantor in his
abfence to him was allotted the Prebendary of St. Cohne.
:

Likewife, he erected feven other Canons and Prebendaries, to wit, I. The Prebend of Holy Crofs ; to
him was given the Parfonage of Croft-kirk, in SatjJa ; he was to be a fpectal Keeper of Holy Things,
under the Treafurer, and was to take care of the Clock, and ringing of the Bells at hours appointed,
and to take care that the floor of the Kirk was cleanly fwept. 2. The Prebend of St. Mary ; to whom
was given the Chaplainry of St. Mary, and Vicaridge of Eyie : he was to have the care of the roof and
windows of the Cathedral, and to fee them amended if need were. 9. The Prebend of St. Magnus j to
whom was allotted the Prebendary of St. Magnus : he was to be Confeflor of the houfholds of the Bi-
fhop, Provoft, Canons and Chaplains, and the Servants in the time of Eajier, and to adminifter the
Eucharift to them. The fourth Prebend was to hare the Chaplainry of St. John the Evangellft, in the
faid Cathedral Kirk. The fifth Prebend, was to have the Chaplainry of St. Lawrence The fixth was
-

to have the Prebendary of St. Catharine : and the feven th Prebend, was to have the Prebe idary of St.
Dv.ih.i5. To which feven Dignities, and feven Prebendaries, he moreover affigned and allotted fbefides
the former Kirks, and Titles,) the Rents and Revenues of the Parfonages of St. Colme in Waes, and Hi.
ly Crop in Wejira, as alfo the Vicariates of the ParihVChurch.es of Sandwick. and Stromnejs with their ap-
purtenances, for their daily diftributions.
Befides thefe, he erected thirteen Chaplains To the firft was allotted the Chaplainry of St. Peter, and
:

he was to be Matter of the Grammar-School. To the fecond was allotted the Chaplainry of St. Ayr
gujiin,and he was to be Matter of the Singing-School. The third was to be Sullarius, or the Bifhop's
Chorifter. The fourth, ihe Provoft's Chorjfler. The fifth, the Arch Deacon's. The fix rh, the Prccn-i
tor's. The feventh, the Chancellor's. The eighth, the Treafurer's. The ninth, the Sub-Dean's. The
tenth, the Prebendary's of Holy Crofs. The eleventh, the Prebendary's of St. Mary. The twelfth, the
Prebendary's of St, Catharine. The thirteenth, the Chaplain's of Holy Crofs. Every one of thefe Chori-
fters were to have twenty four Meils of Corn, and ten Marks of Money for their Stipend yearly, befides
their daily diftributions, which were to be raifed from the Rents of the Vicaridge of the Cathedral
Kirk, and from the foundation of Thames, Bifliop of Orkney, and of the twelve pounds amonifed by
King James the third, and King James the fourth, Kings of Scotland. The office of which Chorifters,
Was to fing Mafs, evening and morning, by turns.
To thefe he added a Sacritt, who was to ring the Bells, and light the Lamps, and carry water and fire
into the Church, and to go before the Proceffion with a white rod, after the manner of a Beadle; and
for this, he was to have the accuftomed Revenue, together with forty Shillings from the Bifhop
yearly.
Moreover, he ordained fix Boys, who were to be Taper- bearers, and to fine; the refponfories and ver-
fes in the Quire, as they were to be ordered by the Chantor. Of which fix Boys, one was to be nomi-
nated and maintained by the Bifliop. The fecond, by the Prebend of St. Magnus. The third, by the
Prebend of St. 'John. The fourth, by the Prebend of St. Lawrence. The fifth, by the Prebend of St. Ca-
tharine. The fixth, by the Prebend of St. Dutbas. And every one of them, befides their maintenance,
was to have twenty Shillings Scotch, a year.
Moreover, to every one of the aforefaid Dignities, Canons and Prebends, he affigned certain Lands in
Kirkwall for their Manfions.
The Charter of this Erection, is dated at Kirkwall, OBoher the 2,8th, Anno 1*44. An ^> in the follow-
ing year, it was confirmed by another Charter, granted by David Beaton, Cardinal of St. Stephen in Mon-
te Celio, Presbyter of the Church of Rome, and Archbifhop of St. Andrews 5 having authority fo to do.'

It is dated at Sterling, the laft of June, and the eleventh year of Pope Paul the third, and was confirmed
by Queen Mary at Edenhurgh, the laft of April, Anno Regni 13.

(t) Difponing to him and his Succeflbrs, the right of patronage to all the Vicaridges of Orkney and
Zetland, with power to Prefent qualified Minifters as oft as any Kirk fhould be vacant. Difponing al-
fo to them the heritable and perpetual right and jurifdiftion of SherifFfhip and BailifFry within the
Bifhoprick and Patrimony thereof, and exempting the Inhabitants and Vaflals of the Bifhop-
_

rick, in all caufes, civil and criminal, from the jurifdiction of the Sheriffs and Stewards of the
Earldom. As alfo, he difponed to the Bifhop and his Succeflbrs, the Commiflariot of Orkttey and Zet-
land, with power to conftitute and ordain CommifTaries, Clerks, and other members of Court. In
which contract, it was moreover agreed, that the Minlfter of South-Ronaldjh.-t, Dean ; the Minifter of Bir-
fa, Arch Deacon ; the Minifter otLady-Kkk in
Sanda, Chancellor; the Minifter of Stnmfa Treafurer ;
"and the Parfon of Wejha ; fhould be a fufficient Chapter And that their confents fhould be as avail-
:

able for any deed to be done by the Bifiiops of Orkney* as the fulleft Chapter of any Cathedral
Kirk within the Kingdom.

Thus
 ;

1 4-79 The British Islands. 1480

fet in the ground like the former, and flandmg

Thus of the prefeni State of the IfleS of apart j and indeed they are fo large, that who-
far
Orkney the Antiquities which have been ob- ever fees them, muft wonder by what Engines
;

ferv'd in them, are as follow. they have been erected. Thefe are thought to
Their Anti- There is in Hoy, lying between two Hills, a have been fet up either as a Memorial of fome
quities; from Stone called the Dwarfie Stone, thirty fix foot tamous battle, or as a Monument of fome re-
the fame Au-
""'long, eighteen foot broad, and nine toot thick; markable perfon who has been buried there ;
thor.
Dwarfie-
hollowed within by the hand of fome Mafon, that way of honouring deferving and valiant
Stone. (for the prints of the Mafon's Irons are to men, being the invention of King Reutha, as
be feen on it to this hour) with a fquare hole Boethius fays.
of about two foot high tor the entry ; and a There is in Roufay, amidft high mountains,
ftone proportionable, Handing before it for the a place called The Camps of Jupiter Fring: the Camps
of Ju-
door. Within it, at one end, is a Bed excel- name is ftrange, and fhould import fome nota- piter Fring.
lently hewen out of the ftone, with a Pillow ble accident ; but what it was I have not been
wherein two men may conveniently He at their able to learn.
full length ; at the other end is a Couch, and At the Weft-end of the Main-land, near Street, with
in the middle a hearth for a fire, with a round Skeall, on the top of high rocks, above a fi S ured
hole cut-out above, for the chimney. It is quarter of a mile in length, there is fomething St0Des *
thought to be the reftdence of fome melancholy like a Street, all fet In red clay, with a fort
Hermit : but the vulgar Legend fays, there ot reddifh Stones of feveral figures and magni-
was once a famous Giant rending in that tudes ; having the images and reprefentations
who, with his wife, lived in that fame of feveral things, as it were engraven upon
Itlaiid,
Stone, as their Caftle. them. And which is very ftrange, moil of
At the well-end of that Stone Hands an ex- thefe Stones, when they are raifed up, have
ceeding high Mountain of a fteep afcent, call'd that fame image engraven under, which they
Wart-hill. The Wart-hid of Hoy. Near the top of which, had above. That they are fo figured by art,
in the Months of May, 'June, and July, about is not probable ; nor can the reafon of na-
mid-day, is feen fomething that fhines and ture's way, in their engraving, be readily
fparkles in a furprizing manner, and which given.
may be difcerned a great way off. It hath In the Links of Skeall, where Sand is blown
formerly fhined more brightly than it does away with the wind, are found feveral places Buryfng-
now but what that is ( though many have built quadrangularly, about a foot fquare, fur- Places.
:

climbed up the hill, and attempted to fearch rounded with Stones well-cemented together,
for it ) none could ever find. The vulgar and a Stone lying in the mouth ; having fome
talk of it as fome enchanted Carbuncle ; but I black earth in them. The like of which are
rather take it to be fome water, Hiding down found in the Links of Roufum in Stronfa, where
the face of a fmooth rock, and when the Sun, alfo is a very remarkable Monument. It is a
at fuch a time, fhines upon it, the reflexion whole round ftone like a barrel, hollow within,
caufeth that wonderful fhining. and fharp edged at the top, having the bottom
ct n js
At Stennis, where the Loch is narroweft, in joyn'd like the bottom of a barrel. On the
Rounds; "pro- the middle, having a Caufey oi Stones over it mouth, was a round ftone, anfwerable to the
bably Hea- for a bridge ; there is, at the fouth-end of mouth of the Monument and above that, a
;

then Tern- t \^ e bridge, a Round, fet about with high large ftone for the prefervation of the whole :
pte
fmooth ftones or flags (without any engraving) within was nothing but red clay and burnt
about twenty foot high above-ground, fix toot bones which was fent to Sir Robert Sibbald, but
;

broad, and a foot or two thick. Between that the Monument it felf was broken in pieces,
Round and the Bridge, ar,e two Stones {land- as they were taking it from its feat. It is
ing, of the fame largenefs with the reft ; where- like, that this, as alfo the other four-fquare
of one hath a round hole in the midft. And Monuments, have been fome of thofe antient
at the other end of the Bridge, about half a Urns, wherein the Romans, when they were
mile removed from it, is a larger Round, about in this country, laid up the afhes of their
an hundred and ten paces diameter, fet about, dead.
with fuch Stones as the former, only fome of Likewife in the Links of Tranabie in Weftra,
them are fallen down. And both to theEall and have been found graves in the fand (after the
Weft of this bigger round, are two green Mounts, fand hath been blown away by the wind j )
artificial as is thought. Both thefe Rounds in one of which was feen a man lying with
are ditched about. Some conceive, that thefe his fword on the one hand, and a Danifh ax
Rounds have been places wherein two oppofite on the other and fome who have had dogs,
: ;

Armies encamped ; but others more probably and combs, and knives, buried with them.
think, that they were the High-places in the This feems to be an inftance of the way, in
Pagan times, whereon Sacrifices were offered which the Danes (when they were in this coun-
and that thefe two Mounts were the places try) buried their dead ; as the former was of
where the Alhes of the Sacrifices were flung. the Roman manner. Befide, in many places
And this is the more probable, becaufe Boethi- of the country, are found little hillocks, which
m, in the life of Mainm, King of Scots, makes may be fuppofed to be the Sepulchres of the
mention of that kind of high Stones ; calling antient Peights. For Tacitus tells us, that it
them the Temples of the Gods. His words was the way of the antient Romans, and Ver-
are thefe, In memory of what King Mainus ftegan, that it was the way of the antient Ger-
dained concerning the worfhip of the Gods, there re~ mans and Saxons, to lay dead bodies on the
7nain yet in our days many huge Stones, drawn ground, and cover them over with turfs and
together in form of a Circle, and named by the clods of earth, in the fafhion of a little hillock.
people, The ancient Temples of the Gods ; and Hence it feems, that the many houfes and vil-
it raifes no [mall admiration, to conjider, by what lages in this country which are called by the

art or (Irength fuch huge Stones have been brought name of Brogh, and which are all built upon
together. or befide fome fuch hillock, have been ceme-
You will find befides, in many other places teries for the burying of the dead in the time
Obelisks, of this Country, Obelisks, or huge high Stones, of the Pights and Saxons : for the word Brogh
 jj. 8 1 'The THU L E f o the AN CIENTS. 1482
in theTeutoniek Language, fignifies a burymg-i an experiment of it, offered a Reward to a poor
? !a? . ; , v _. m:1 « to go upon the rock with a piece of Iron
;
- <

In one of thefe Hiliocks, near the circle of but he would not do it on any
terms.
high Stones, at the North end of the bridge of Sometimes, about this country, are fefi,
Staau, there were found nine Fibula: of Silver thofe men, which are called Ftnnmen.
In the
of the fllape of a Horfe-fhoe ; but round. year 1682, one was feeu, fometime failing,
Ruins of an. Moreover, in many places, are to be feci fometime rowing in his little
boat, at the
Build- t h e ruins and
tfefit
veftigia of great, but antique South-end of the Ifles of Eda : mofl of the
Fight houf«s.'JU lc' n,
8 s ' rro ^ oi tnem now covered with people of the lfle flocked to fee him, and
'

'earth, and called Pight-houfes fome of which, when they adventured to put out a boat with
;

it is like, have been the forts and refidences of men, to try if they could apprehend
him, he
the tight! or Dams, when they poffefs'd this prefently fled away, with great I
fpecd. And
c °untry. in the year 11*84, another was feen from Wa-
,

Among the reft, there is one in the

lfle of \flra, and, for a while after they caught few
Wyre, called The of Cubberow (or rather or no fifh
Caflle for they have tin's remark here,:

P ow ' C, W'"™> wnich > >n the Teutoniek Language, that the Fimmen drive away the fifh
<5"S| j' from the'
fignifies a tower of fecurity from outward violence : place to which they come.
) Thefe Finnmen
It is trenched about : but nothing now
remains, feem to be fome of the People that dweil a-
befides the firft ftory. bout the Fretum Davis ; a full account of whom
It is a perfect fquare. '

and the wall is eight foot thick, and ftrongly may be feen in The natural and moral
Hiftory of the
built, and cemented with lime. The breadth Antilles. One of their boats, fent from Orkney Chap.
iS.
or length within the walls is not above ten to Edinburgh, is to be feen in
the Phyficians
toot, having a large door and a fmall flit for hall, with the oar,
and the dart that he makes
the window. Of this Cubbirow, the common ufe of for killing of filh.l
people report many idle fables, not fit to be As for the Earls of Orkney ; not to mention Earls of 0,t-
inferted here. the more ancient ones, who alfo held the Earl- ney.
Unufual Fires In the Patifli of Evie, near the Sea, are fome dom of Cathnefs and
Strathern by infieri-
and Lights, fmall hillocks, which frequently,
in the night- tanee ; this title did at laft by an
vle heir female
time, appear all in a fire.
"
Likewife, the Kirk defcend to William de Sentcler ; and William,
St. NichlM. of Evit, called St. Nicholas, is feen full of the fourth Earl of that Family, (irnam'd the
lights, as if torches or candles were burning Prodigal, who run out his eftate, and was the
in it all night. This amazes the people great- laft Earl of the family. Yet his pofterity have
ly ; but poflibly it is nothing but fome thick enjoy'd the honour of Barons Sentcler, till + this
glutinous meteor, that receives that light in
f Anno 1007.
time ; and the of Cathnefs alfo remains
title
the Night-time. at this day, in the pofterity of his brother.
Snperflition At the Noup-head in Weflra, is a rock fur- But as for the honourable title of Earl of
about Iron, rounded with the Sea, called Left ; which, the Orkney, it was, * together with the title of
*rn our
• Inhabitants of that lfle tell you, lias this ftrange Lord of Shetland, conferr'd upon Robert, a na- time, C.
property, that if a man go upon it, having tural fon of King James the fifth which his
,-

any Iron about him ( if it were but an fon Patrick Steward "T Enjoys at
f forfeited for Treafon.
Iron nail in his fhoc ) the Sea will inftantiy fin our time, the title of Earl of Orkney th!s y Cl
hath '

(well in luch a tempeftuous way, that no boat been confer'd upon Lord George Hamilton Son of
fill come noil' to
r'nni** near Vri f 1 L'** hli-n /i&
take on^J
him off ; and f-U «-L.-. \1T7^1ll TV-1__ _T rr •!
Call that the William- Duke
- rt *.
of Hamilton ; on aaccount, as well
Sea will not be fettled, till the piece of Iron be of his high Birth, as his fignal
Services to the
rr. flung into it. A
* perfon, being there to make Crown in the Wars of Ireland I
and Flanders.]

[The THULE of the Ancients.]

EYO ND
the Orcades; and a- none of their own, and no body in them
; yet whett
bove Britain, the old Scholi- they come on board and fall to their oars,
they find
aft upon Horace places the the beats as heavy as if they were laden with
men,
Fortunate Ifles, which none but though they fee none. After one pull, they prefently
pious and j'uft men are faid arrive at that Britifh Ifland which
at other times, ;

to inhabit a Place, celebra- in Ships of their own, they hardly reach in

;
a day
ted by the Greek Poets
for and a night. When- they come to land in the Bland,
its pleafantnefs and and call'd by they fee no body, but hear the voice of thofe who
fertility,
them the Elijtan Fields. But take another ac- receive their pajfengers, counting them by the
flock
count of thefe Ifles from Ifacius Tzetzes, a of Father and Mother, and
calling them
fingly ac-
fabulous Greek, in his Notes upon Lycophron cording to the title of their Dignity,
Employment,
In the Ocean, is a Britifh I/land, between the weft of and^Name. After they have unladed, they return
Britain, and Thule towards the eafl. Tlnther (they back with one Jlroke. From hence, many take
thefe
Jay) the fouls of the dead are tranfported. For on to fo the Iflands of the Bleffed. That of the
the fhore of that Sea within which Britain lieth, poetical Geographer, mention'd by Muretus
there dwell
certain fifhermen, -who are fubjell to in his Various readings, is much
of the fame
the French, but accountable for no tribute, becaufe (as (lamp, viz,, that C. Julius
Cafar fail'd thither in
they fay) they ferry over the fouls of the deceas'd. a * great Gaily with a hundred
men oil board, * Tririm.
Thefe fifhermen return home, and fleep in the evening ; and was fo much taken with the
pleafantnefs
but a little after, hear a rapping, at their doors, of the place, that he would
have fetcl'd there,
and a voice calling them to their work. Upon that but was thruft out by certain invifible Inhabi-
they prefently rife and go to the flme, without any tants, much agaiuft his will.
other bufmef, and find boats ready for them, but

9 B Sol in
i4»3 The British Islands. 1484.
not yet difcover'd ; and as for
Solinus places Tliule at five days fail from a place, it is
Orkney. An Ifland, very much celebrated by the learned, they vary in their Opinions about
the Poets, who (as if it were the remotcft
part it. Many have thought Ifeland (condemn'd to
cold Climate, and continual Winter) to be
of the world ) always ufe it to exprefs & very a
great diftance. Hence Virgil ; the Thule of the ancients. But Saxo Gfam-
maticus, Crantzius, Milius, Jovius, and Peu-
are of a contrary opinion. I know, Pro-X/fi. 2. BeSi
*—TiU ferviat ultima Thide. copius has defcrib'd that vaft Country ot Scan-GothLi.
dia, under the name of Thuk. But if that of _ .

Let utmoft Thule own your boundlefs the learned Gafpar Peucerm, in his Book De
pow'r. Terra: Dimenjione, be true, that Schctland is by
the Seamen call'd Thiknfell ( and 1 know no
reafon to except againft his teftimony ) Thuk
Scmca,
. Terrantm ultima Ibule. is undoubtedly difcover'd, and the Controver-
lie at .in end. For this Schetland is an Ifland Shetland,
Thuk, thou utmoft of the fpaci- belonging to the Scots, encompafsM with 0-
ous earth. thcrs of lefs note ; extremely cold, and ex-
posed on all hands to ftorms ; where the Inha-
bitants like thofe of Ifeland, ufe fifli dried and
Jave'nalj
-De cmchuendo loquitur jeim Rhetors pounded, for Bread. And though the north-
Tkule. Pole is not fo elevated here, that it has Day
continually tor fix Months together, as Pitharas
Nay, Thuk's fclf now courts her of Marfeilles has falfly faid ot Thuk ( for which
Orator. is juftly reprehended by Strabo,
he tor this
is not the cafe of Ifeland it fclf, where cold
Claudian, and winter are perpetual, and the cold fcarce to
— Thukm procul axe remoiam. be endur'd i) yet, that Schetland is the fame with
Thule, we may believe, Firft, from the lituatiou
Thule far diftant from the Pole. * of it in Ptolemy — For Thule is plac'd in the :

ome
fixty third degree from the ^Equinoctial by«U'fM
HcthUnd.
And in another place, Ptolemy, and fo is Schetland. Again, it lies
between Scotland and Norway , where Saxo
— Ratibufque impcrvia Thuk, Grammaticus places Thule, as but two days fail
from the point of Cathnefs in which Diftance ;

And Thuk where no Ship durft ever SoHnus alfo places it And Tacitus fays, that :

fleer. the Romans fpy'd it afar off, as they fail'd by

the Orcades in their voyage round Britain. Laft-

Stat i us, ly, it faces the coaft of Berg* in Norway ;

— Ignotam
•vincere Tbulent. and fo lay Thule, according to Pomponius Mela,
in which author the text is corruptly Belgarnmlit-
conquer Tlmk fcarce yet known ft>j7,inftead of Bergarwn littori. For 5er^rf,a City in
To
Fame. to Norway, lies over-againft Shetland ; and Pliny
makes Bergos to be in this trait, which I take to
be the fmall Country wherein Berg* is feated as ;

And Ammianus Marcellinus Cues this Adage, none will deny that Norway is Pliny's Nerigon.
Etiamfi apud Thtlan moraretur ; i. e. Tho his flay
Thus much may fuffice concerning Thuk,
•were at Thule ; not to mention many others. which is hid trom us, as well as it was trom
But one thing I muft obfervc, that Statius, in the ancients, by Snow and Winter, as a certaiii
thefe Verfes, ufes Thule for Britain Author exprefles it. Neither was any of them
:
Thule ufed
able to fay, which of the Northern Ifles they
Britain.
meant, when they talk'd of Thuk. As for the
Carulus hattd aliter cum dimicat incola length of the Days in that unknown Ifland ;
Thulesy Feflm Avienm, where he treats of Britain, tran-
Agmina falcifero circumvenit aBa covino. slatesthefe Verfes out ot Dionyfim concern-
ing it :

Thus purple Thulians when to war they

go, Longa dehinc celeri ft quis rate marmortt

In Chariots arm'd with Scythes furround the currat,

toe. Imjeniet vafio furgentent gurgite Thulen,

Hie cum plaujlra poli tangit Phccbeim ignis,
No'cle jub inluftri rota jolis fomite

fiagrat
Alfo in his Sylva,
Continue, darumque diem mx amula duett.

—— - Refiuo drcumfona gurgifs Thuk.

And Thuk founding with the. neighbouring Hence urge your courfe along the watry
tide. road,
You'll come where Thuk fwells above the -

flood.

Suidas fays, it took the name from Thule, .. Here Sol'sbright wheels, when near the Nor-
of Egypt ; Iiidore, from the Sun ; Rey- thern Pole,
King
They cut their way, fparkle as they
nerus Reineccius, from the Saxon word TeU, a ftill

limit, as if it were the bound or limit of the rowh

north and weft. But Sinefius makes it a que- Not here vain men expect the Light's return,

ftion, whether there is any fuch place as Thule J But every Night's a rival of the Morn.
and our QiralduS fays, that it there be fuch
Pompo-
 ;

1 4-3 5 TheTHULE of the ANCIENTS.

Pomponius Mela hath made the fame re-
' Berga. mark. Qver-againfl the coafi of the * Belgx, lies
Thuie, an Ifland much celebrated both by the Greek TA
Poets mid by curs, by reafott the days are very long
there, and the nights very flmt.
the nights are dark as in
in fummer
Though in winter
other places, they are light
jar though the face of the Sun be not
DISC OURSE
;

jecn, the Sun is Jo much above the horizon, that his Concerning the
light is clearly vifible. During the SolfUce, there
is

only
no night at all ; for the Sun being then higher, not
us light but the greatefl part of it's body is vifible.
Thule of the Ancients.
f As iotSbethnd (fuppos'd before to be the ancient

Thule) the neareft pare of it is fome fourfcore miles By Sir Robert SlbbaU.
from Orkney ; and the Sea between them is very
turbulent and ftormy. Of thofe that are pro-
perly called Lies, there are about forty fix,
\vitti forty Holms, and thirty Rocks all which ;
THERE the
is no place oftner mention'd by
Ancients, than Thule, and yet it
go under the general name of Shetland ; though is much controverted what place it was:
each ot" them has alfo its particular name. A- fome have attempted the difcovery of it,
Ipout twenty fix are inhabited ; others (though but have gone wide of the marks which the
large enough) are only made ufe of for feed- Ancients left concerning it ; yet they feem all
ing of Cattle. Many of tile Gentry came to agree that it was fome place towards the
from Scotland, and fettled here: but the com- north, and very many make it to be one of the
mon people that are natives, are defcended Britijb Ides and fince Conraius Celtes fays, it is :

from the Norwegians, and commonly fpeak a encompafled with the Orkney Ifles, it will not
corrupt Norfe tongue, called Norn. They are be amifs to fubjoyn to the foregoing defcription
generally healthful ; living commonly
of Orkney, this Eflay concerning it.
to five,
iix, or fevenfeore years ot age. There are fe- Some derive the name Thule, from the Ara-
Thule, in tie
verai Obelisks fiill {landing ; and many old Fa- bick word Title, which fignifies
Far off ; and, North.
bricks, which are fa id to have been built by as it were with allufiou to this, the
Poets
the Pifts. They are in the fafhion of Pyra- ufually call it ultima Thule ; but I rather prefer
mids, with a winding pair of flairs within, to the reafon of the name given by the learned
the top. Under them, they had Cells all vaul- Bochartus, who makes it to be Vhimician, and
ted over ; and from the top of them they made affirms, that it fignifies, darknefs in that language,
a. fign by fire, when there was any imminent Thule in the Tyrian language, rem a Shadow ; Chanan. 1. i,
danger. The ground is clean, and the Soil whence it is commonly ufed tofignifie Darknefs, and c. 40.
naturally inclines to a fandy clay. The Pro- the llland Thule, is as much as an Ifland of
dud of the Country, is mainly fiffi,
butter, oyl, Darknefs ; which name, how exatlly it agrees to
•wool, feathers, beef, tallow, hides, fluff, /lockings, the Ifland fo called at the ntmofl pint to the north,
with woollen-gloves,
been feen at one timo in
and garters. There have
B raffay- found, fifteen
isknown to every body. Hence Tibullas, fpeak-
nig of the Frigid Zone, hath this,
M Meff.1.

hundred fail of Hollanders. After Fara ( an

llland lying in the mid-way between Orkney
and Shetland, ) the firft, that appears is called Illic & denfa tellm abfeonditur umbra.
Main-land ; of which we have treated before.
The Country belongs to the Crown of And there the Earth is hid in a dark
Scotland ; being part of the Stewartry of Ork- fhade.
nay, and governed either by the Stewart or his
Deputy. They have one Presbytery, which
meets at Scalloway.'] And thefe places of Homer
n^V g>V> ad cnliginem,
The
Sea above thefe Iflands, is term'd the Darknefs, and 'o„ jSntybJw %ly&, Neaue enim °dyff.\. v.2<;,
L.3. V. IIOO.
Tlie Icy Sea Jlow, frozen,and icy Sea ; and is rough and al- jcimus ubifucaligo, Darknefs, are by Strabo
inter- ||
I! L. 1. p. J4-
or Cronium. molt unnavigable by reafon of great flakes of preted, Nefcimus ubi fit feftentrio, of the North, L. 10. p.454,
Ice.was alfo called Cronium, from Saturn ; We know not where the North is. And con-
It 455-
for the Ancients had a notion ( as Plutarch fonant to this, * Statius,
* L. ai
Saturn aPri< writes) that Saturn was kept fleeping in a deep 3.

for.er here- Chad, Ux.

cave of Pumice-ltone in fome Ericifh Wand
abouts,
hereabouts ; that Jupiter had thrown him into Vel fufer Hefpm.1 vaia caligantia Thules.
a deep fleep, which ferv'd inftead of fetters ;
that the_ Birds brought him Ambrofia, which Or the dark Fords of the Hefperian
was fo fragrant that all the place was perfuni'd Thule.
with it j and that many Spirits were here in
attendance on him, by whom he was ferv'd t And, •f Lih. 4. ad
Mansll.
with great diligence and refpect. This Fable,
if I miflake not, points at the veins of metal am Nigrst Littora Thules.
(over which Saturn prefided,) that lie in thefe
Iflands, and are ufeleis only for want of wood Or fliores of the black Thule.
to fupply Furnaces.

And indeed,
this derivation of the word
irries more
reafon than any other they give
and is an evident proof, that the Ancients
a-
grecd in placing their Thule Towards the
North.
We fhall fee next what Northern Country they
pitched on for it.

The
 The British Islands, 1488
Thule, one The Ancients feem moft to agree, that Thule
of the Britijb
was one of thofe liles that are called Britifh. If I in the cold North go to abide.
Kits.
Strabo one of the moft ancient, and belt Geo- Or on dark Seas which Weftern Thule
graphers extant, fpeaks thus, Pytheas Nfdjjtti'enjis hide.

fay.'i it is about Thule, the furtbeft north of all the

Britijb Yet he himfelf roaketh it nearer
IJles.

tlian Pytbaas did ; But I think ( fays he ) that And itfeems to be the fame, that is laid by
northern bound to be much nearer to the South : for Ariflotle to have been difcovered by the Car- De mirab.
they -who fuwey that part of the Globe, can give thaginiam, where he fpeaks thus, Beyond Herat- -^"f'^ 1 '

Ho account beyond Ireland, an Ifle -which lies not far les's Pi/Jars, they fay the Carthaginians found a fer-
towards the North, before Britain ; inhabited by til Ifland uninhabited, abounding -with -wood, and
•wild People, ahnoft flawed -with cold there, therefore, navigable Rivers, and flared with very great plenty
:

I amof opinion, the utmoft bound is to be plac'd. of

* Fruits of all forts ; diftant feveral days voy* Fruftibui.
So that in his opinion, that which he calls Ire- age from the Continent. And Bochartus confirms
t
land, mud be Thule. this by what he obferves, that an ancient Au-
Catullus feems to be of the fame mind, in thor, Antonius Diogenes,who wrote twenty four
thefe Verfes, Books of the ftrange things related of Tlmle not
long after the time of Alexander the Great,
had his Hiftory from the Ciparis Tables, dug at
Sive trans altas Tyrus out of the Tombs of Mantinia and Der-
Gradietur Alpes, ails,who had gone from Tyrus to Thule, and had
Cafaris vifens ftaid fome time there.
Monumenta Magni, But though this be the firft Thule difcovered
Gallicum Rhenum, by the Carthaginians, yet it is not that men-
Horribikfque & tion'd by the Roman writers for they fpeak The Roma™;

XJlthnos Britannos. of the Thule which the Romans were in, and were in
made conqueft of but it is certain they never Thule.
:

were in Ireland, properly fo cali'd. That they

Whether he o'er the Alps his way purfue, were in Thule, appears from thefe Verfes of Lib, <. Pro-
The mighty Cafar's Monuments to view, Statius J irept, ai

As GaUiaue Rhine and Brims that excel Crift.

In fiercenefs, who on the Earth's limits

dwell. •*— Tu difce pattern, quantufaue nigrantem
FluBibus occiduis, fejfoque Hyperione Thulcn
Intrant, mandata germs.

CartH. lib, 1. And Horace^

Serves iturutn Cafarem Learn from thy fight, how glorious he

In ultimas orbis Britannos. was.

When he did with the Senate's order pafs
Ore to dark Thule, in that Ocean,
Preferve thou Cafar fafe, w'e thee im- weft,
plore, Where Phoebus gives his weary horfes reft*

Bound to the World's rcmotefl Britons

ih ore :

Now the Father of he

Crifpinus, to whom
writes, was Bolanus , the fame VeBius Bolanus,
Lib. 1. And Silim Italicus, in thefe Verfes, who Was Governour of Britain under Vitellius,
(as Tacitus informs us ; ) which is yet more Vtt, Agri
Cicrulus baud aliter cum dimicat Incola clearly proved by the following Verfes of the
Tlmles, fame Poet.
Agmina jakifero circumvenit ail a covhio.

Quod fi
te Magna, telhis franata parents
3
As Thule s blue inhabitants furround Accipiat
Their Foes with Chariots hook'd, and them Quanta Caledonios attollet gloria campos,
confound, Cum tibi Longoevus referet trucis incola
terra:,

Hie fuetus dare jura parens, hoc cefpite turmas

For it appears from Cifar's Commentaries, Afart nitidas fpeatlas, caflellaque longe

that the bluifl) colour, and the fighting out of Afpicis : ilk dedit, cinxitque btcc mania
the hooked Chariots, were in ufe among the In- Jeffa
habitants of Britain. Pliny likewife feems to be Belligeris, bac dona Deis, bac tela dicavit,

of this Opinion ; for he treats of Thule in the Germ adhuc titulos : Hum ipfe vacantibus

fame Chapter where he treats of the Britifh armis

InViuAgrU ftles and 'Tacitus fays, when the Romon Navy
:
Induit, bum Regi rapuit tboraca Britanno.

fail'dabout Britain, defpecla cfl Thule, They &

faw Thule alfo.
Inland. Ireland, properly fo called, was the firft of Ifthou received be by that far land,
the Britifh Ifles which got the name Thule, as Subdued by thy conquering Father's hand;
being the firft that the Carthaginians met with, What glory will it be, when thou hear'ft

they fleer'd their courfe from Cadiz, to the tell,

M Claud. Weft : And hence it is that Statius calls Thule, By old fierce Scots, in Caledon that dwell.
Uxor em.
Hefperia. How in this place, thy Sire us'd to give
law,
. —
Etfi gelidas irem manfurus ad ArSlos, How there the Troops they him haranguing
Vel fvper ffejperia vada caligcmtia Tlmles. faw,
And
 ; ; ;

[489 The THULE ef the AN~gTeNTS. I49O

And point out Towers and Caftle-s through He tamed the nimble Moors, and
painted
the Land, Pights,
Which all erefied were by his command.
With brandifli'd Swords the Scots clofe he
Thefe walls he with a ditch did round purfu'd,
enclofe, And with bold Oars their Northern Seas
And to the Gods he confecrated thofe
he
broke :

Thefe weapons, he did alfo dedicate, His Trophies thus under both Poles he
As the Infcriptions, to be feen, relate : plac'd,
This Corflet, he, in time of peace put Where e'ra the Ocean either ebb'd or
on ;
flow'd.
And this, he from the Britijh King had
won.
And in thefe Lines.

The words Caleionits, and Trucis incola Terra,

Thule, 1st tlie do clearly (hew, that by Thule, is meant the Ille Caledoniis pofuit qui taftra pruims,
ASnJp.rt of
North part of Britain; which was then poffefs'd Qui media Lybia fub Caffide pertulit
ajlm
by the Pights, dehgn d by the name Caledmios TerribilisMaun, debellatorque Britanni
and by the Scots defign'd by Trucis Incola Terra. Linens, ac partter Borea uafiator
Quid
Aufiri &
The lame epithet, that Claudian gives to the
rigor atemm Cceli > quid fidera pro-
in thefe Verfes Junt !
Scots,
Igmtumque {return > Maduerunt Saxone
fufo

Venit & extremis iegio pratinta Britan-

Orcades ; incaluit Pittorum fanguine
Thule
Scotorum cumulos flevit glaualis [erne.
nis,
Qua Scoto datfrana truci.

In Caledonian frofts his tents he pitch'd,

That Legion alfo, fent fierce Stat

And Libia's korchir.g neat endur'd in
to
field,
tame.
The coal -black Moors, and Britiih fliore
he tam'd,
And of Thus forcing both the South and
North to
this North part of Britain, that
yield
Verfe ot Juvenal is lifcewife to be under-
ftood,
What then avail'd, cold clime, flrange
Seas
and Stars ?

De When Orkney Ifles he dy'd with

Saxon
conducendo loquitur jam Rietore Thule.
gore,

The
belt expofition
Then Thule with the Pidifh blood
grew
. of which, is taken from
V11. jtgtu. Tacitus, " hot,
vero Jam principum film, liberalibus
artibus erudire, ix ingenia
Icy Strathern bemoan'd huge heaps of
Britannorum fludiis
Scots.
Gallorum anteferre, ut qui modo linguam Ro-
manam abnuebant, ehquentiam concupijcerem, &x.
Thus render'd by Sir Henry Saw! Moreover, :

the Noblemen's fons he took and inftructed in Where, by placing the Moors and
Britains
the liberal Sciences, preferring the wits of the as the remote/! People then known, and men-
Britons before the Students of France, as being tioning the Scots and Pights as the Inhabitants
now curious to attain the Eloquence of the Ro- ot Thule and lone ; he demonltrates clearly
man Language, whereas they lately rejected that Thule is the North part of the Me of Bri-
the Speech. After that ; Our Attire grew to be tain, inhabited by the Scots and Pights For r.
in account, and the Gown much ufed among this/,™,, or as tome read it Hybeme, can no Irluk, pro-
fa way be undcrllooj ot Ireland, properly fo
them. call'd • P" 1/ f° ""-

De 3 Cmful Claudian does yet more particularly give the Firft, becaufe Ireland cm never deferve the Epi- ei
name of Thule to the North part of Britain, thet Glacialis ; lince by the teftimony
Hum. of the
while he fpeaks df the great exploits done Infh writers, the Snow arid Ice continue not
there by Theodofius, the father of any time there : Secondly, the Romans
Theodofius were
the Emperor, and Grand-father of Arcadius and never in Ireland ; whereas, according to the
foremention d Verfes, Theodofius paft
Honorius. our Firths
of Forth and Cl.de, call'd by him
Hyperlmea un-
do, and entered Suathem, which to
this day
Facia tui numeravit avi quern Units adufia bears the name lerne, in which Roman Me-
dals are tcund, and the Roman Camps
Horrefcit Lybia, ratibufque imperuia Thule and Mi-
litary ways are to be feen, the
Ille leves Mauros, nee
falfi nomine PiSos undoubted te-
Edomuit, Scotumque vago mmrone ftimomes ot their being there ; and
fe- therefore
is fo to be underftood, in the
cuttss, fame Poet's lines
Fregit Hyferboreas remis upon Stilico, who was employ'd in the
audacibm undal, Bri
Ft geminis fulgent utroque Jub axe tro-
tith wars:
phais,
Tithyos alterna refiucu calcavit arenas.
Me qmque vicinis pereuntem gentibus, in-
quit,

He did the deeds Munivit Stilico, totam cum Scotus Iernem

of thy Grand-father
tell,
Momt,® i„fijl fpumamt remige Thetis ;
Before whofe face the Illius efetium curis, ne bella timerem
Tawny-Moor grew
Scotica, nee Piilum tremerem.
pale,
And Thule, where no Ships could ever
fail,
5>C M=

H
i49i. The British Islands. 492
of the Pights,and lies to the North of the Firth
of Forth, and upon the German Sea, and is
prey ex- defign'd in thefe words, minima contentos noBe
Me to ill Neighbours long a
pos'd, Brilannos, which particularly relate to Rofs and
i

With fefety now hath Stilia enclos d, Caithnefs. And

the Inhabitants of Juverna and
While that the Scots did all lerne raife, Thule, are the very fame that the Panegyrift
And Forth and Clide with hoilile rowers Rumenim fpeaks of, in his Oration to Conftan-

foam'd, tine the Great where he faith, that the Nati-

;

Ey his great care it came to pais, that

1 on of time of Cafar, was rudut
Britain, in the
Feared neither Scot nor Pight. & fili Britanni, Piclis modo Hibemis ajfueta &
hoftibm fimimdis. Had not been us'd to war,
but only with the People of the Britilh Soil, the
Verfes, and the Uad* Pights and the Irifll : who (for their loofe and
Mow Thetis in thefe
before mention'd, can- fliort garments) may be called half naked.
HrPerboret in the Verfes
not be underftood of the
Sea between Scotland Thefe were called Hibmii, as being at firft a Why the
the Colony from Ireland ; and as polleffing that of
and Irelandfor Inland lies to the South ot
: ^™JPJ"
Roman Province and the fituation ot the Scots
; craft of the Ifle of Britain, which is called by a rr&jgilr.
of it. For ancient writers lerne glacialis, and Iemenia.
and Pights Country is to the North the
it was feparated by
the two Firths of Forth and fimply, and by the writers of the middle age
Clide, from the Roman
Province ; which clearly Hibernia ; as you may fee in the Roman Mar-
underftood of them : the tyrology, at S. Becanm, Bifllop ot Aberdeen in Ire-
(how's it was to be
imported by the words Now
never any Irifll writer could yet fay,
fame thing that is alfo land.
for thefe cannot that in Ireland, properly fo cail'd, there was a
Hlterboreai Vndm, and
Remis ;

Irifll Sea, which is to town called Aberdeen, or a river called Don.

be underftood of the
Province, and is very
the fouth of the Roman And that this part of Britain, then pofiefs'd
tempeftuous, and cannot fo well
be pad by by the Scots, was called Hibernia, is clear from
But who £»' &fr-
Oars as the Firths of Forth and the teftimony of Venerable Bede,
Clide. calls it
4" c'

the fame Poet has put this beyond all doubt, Hibernia, in the beginning of the Chapter; *

and in the next page, calls the fame Country

in thefe Verfes,
Scotia.
It is certain, that as the wall betwixt Tine
Venit b extremis legio fr&tenta Britanms,' and Sol-way Firth, cail'd Mums Pitticm, was built
Quit Scoter dat fmna tract, ferroque m- to exclude the Pights ; fo was that betwixt E-
tatas dinburgh and Dumbarton Firth, to exclude the
exanimes PiBo moriente figur as. Scats Highlanders ; and was defign'd firft by Agri-
Ferles.it
cola, as appears by Tacitm, where he faith, Aglei
" Nam Glotta & Bodotria diverfi maris aftu per
garrifon op- " intmenfum reveBi,
Hither the Legion came, in anguflo terrarum fpatio diri-
pos'd " muntur, quod turn prrcfidiis firmabatur, fummo-
utmolt Britons, bridling the fierce
Scot, " its velut in aliam injulam hoftibm. That is,
To >
mark d For Clide and Forth, two arms of two contrary
And faw the fights, whofe bodies are
Seas, fhooting mightily into the land, were on-
dying in their gore. ly divided by a narrow partition of ground ;
With various figures,
which patfage was then guarded and fortified
with garrifons and caftles, fo that the Romans
of the Irifh were abfolute Lords of all on this fide, having
For were it to be underftood
the Prxtentura ihould caft out the enemy, as it were, into another
Sea then the Wall and
the Scotijb fliore, that Ifland. And indeed, as Tacitm remarks, Inventus
have been plac'd upon
whereas they were in ipfa Britannia terminm, i. e. a boundary was
was over-againft Ireland .;
Country which is found in Britain it felf for the Romans made
nhced over-againft; that ;

cail'd Strathem
now, and is the true lerne not this the utmoft limit of their Province, and
;

only mention'd by Claudian, but likewife by [gave the name Britain to that part of the Ifland
Juvenal, in thefe Verfes, within the Roman wall which wall was built ;

on this narrow neck of ground, between the

two Firths, where the Legion, * mention'd a- * Pag. 1290,

Anna quid ultra bove, lay.

Littora Juvernx fromovimm & modo And hence it is, that Venerable Bede calls
captas thefe People who dwelt beyond the wall, Tranf-
milt Bri- Now, Lib.
Orcadae, if minima contentos mariruz Gentes, but explains himfelf thus, 1. c.xz
tannos ? we call them Tranfmarine Nations, not hecaufe
the] are out of Britain ; but becaufi the] are in
fome fenfe divided from it ; two Arms of the Sea,
What though the Orcades have own'd our one from the Eaft, and the other from the Weft,
Power, . . , breaking in a long way into the Land, on each fide.
What though Juwrna's tam'd, and Britain s
And a little before this, he tells us, who thefe
ihore, Tranfmarina Gentes were ; viz,. Scotorum a drew,
that is, the Scots from the North-weft, and Pi-
?
That boafts the fliorteft night
iiorum ab Aquilone, the Pights from the North ;
which relates to that part of the Ifle without
fituation of the
Where he directs us to the the Roman Province : for Ireland, properly fo
Juverna was of
Country of the Scots and Pights. called, cannot be faid to lie .to the North-weft
which had been over-
the Country of the Seas, the Roman Province.
Governour of
Now we will endeavour to fhew, that what
run in part by Julim Agricola,
Emperor, who nrlt Juvenal faith in thefe Verfes before men-
Britain under Domitian the
the Orcades ; and,as tacitm oblerves,
enter'd tioned,
(DefpeBa Thule,) he faw the North
part of the
Country
Country beyond lerne, which is the - Anna
 ;

H 93 The THULE of the ANCIENTS. 1494

different People, who w ere r
poffefs'd of ir, is
clearby the words, Caledoniam imclentes populi.
- Arma quid ultra By the Caledonii, (imply, the Romans underftood
Littora Juverna promovimm, 8cm. the Pights who inhabited the Country that lay
upon the German Sea ; but as he mentions Se-
is to be meant of that part which is now call'd veral People here, fo he gives you afterwards
Str other n,and the reft of Pcarthjhire, and the the Horefli, that is, the Highlanders the name ;

Weft Highlands ; the Country of the Scots, de- given of old to the ancient Scots, and kept by
fign'd by Bede, a Circio, which are truly fo fi their Dependents to this day. And after he
tuate in reipect of the Roman Province. And has given an account of the great preparations,
this we will make out from what we meet he relates the great battle that he fought with

fat, ^gnV.with in T'acitm. For firft, he faith, The third thefe people, the laft Summer of his govern-
year's expedition difcover d People they were not be- ment He tells us, that he marched up to :

fore acquainted with, having over-run all them thai the Grampion Hills, where the Enemy were en-
•were on this fide Tay ; which he defcribes to bt
a Firth. It appears by this, that they were
other People than thofe he had to do with be-
fore, becaufe they are call'd Nova Gentes. In
the next place, he fays, The fourth Summer
was fpent in taking pofleffion of what they
had over-run And he obferves in that Ex-
:
pedition, that the fmall Ifihmm, or neck of land,
that kept Clyde and Forth from meeting, was
fecured by garrifons ; fummotis velutin aliam in-
fulam boftibm, by this means the enemy were
camp'd. Here, any who will but confider the
ground they were encamp'd on, and the way
of their fighting, and the description he makes
Galgacm their Commander in chief to give of
them, may clearly fee that they were different
people, and no other than thofe whom Claudian
and other authors call Scots and Pights.
But, becaufe it is controverted by fome late
writers, whether they were Natives of Britain,
or Irifh, who from Ireland, properly fo called,
invaded Britain we fhail bring fome argu-
;

removed, as it were, into another Me. ments that Tacitm furnifhvs us withal, to prove
Now, whoever will compare what we ob- that they were Natives of the Britifh Soil. For
ferved out of Bede, ot the Gentes Travfmarina in the account even of this laft expedition, he
beyond thefe two Firths ; will fee clearly, that fays, "
Nam Britanni nihil jraBi pttgna prions
thefe Nova were Gentes the Scots and the Fights eventu, & ultionem aut frvtttum expeclantes,
the Scots, Country towards the North-
in the tandemque dotli commune periculum concordia
weft, and the Pights, in the Country North- propuljandum, legationibm tj fcederibm omnium
eaft. But this is yet more confirm'd by the civitatum vires exciverant ; jamque Jupra tiigin-
account that is given by Tacitm, of the action ta millia armatorum afpiciebantur, adhuc affiue- &
in the fixth Summer of Agricola's Government, bat omms juventm, tX auibm cruda viri- &
(Ampla civitate trans Bcdotriam fita, Being in- dis Jenetlm, &c. 1. e. For the Britains, not at
formed of a great People that dwelt beyond aU difcouraged by their former misfortune, and
Forth ) now, Civitate being in the fingul;
:
thinking of nothing but either Revenge or Servi-
makes it underftood of the People that lie
tude, and having learnt withal the necejfity of a
neareft ; that is, the Scots. And, Quiamotm u- Confederacy among themfehes, to jence againfi a
tiiverfarum ultra gentium &
infefta hofiili exercitu danger common to all had by Embaffies and Leagues
',

itinera timebantur, Becaufe he apprehended that all engaged the firength of all their Cities, and got to-
the People beyond Forth -would rife againfi him : gether above thirty thoufand men in arms, befides
and feared that in his paffage he might be at- others, not only of their Youth, but alfo of the more
tack'd by the Enemy's Army, he try'd their lufiy and vigorom among the old Men, who were
Harbours with his Fleet. Where, by the by : continually flocking in, Sec. Where it is obferva-
there is a pretty Description of the nature and ble, that although he called them before No-
quality of the Country, in thefe words, " Ac va Gentes, yet here he calls them Britanni ;
w tnodo fyharum &
montium profunda, modo tern- which was the name the Romans gave to all that
((
pefiatum ac fiuBuum adverfa, bine terra & ho- inhabited this Ifland, but it was never given
" flu, hint auBm Oceanm militari jaBantia compa- by any of the Roman Authors to the Inhabi-
rarentur ; i. e. One while
Mountains ; another while the terrible force of tem-
the depths of Woods and tants of Ireland. The words, Legationibm &
fxderibm omnium civitatum vires exciverant, fhow,
pers and waves ; on one hand, the land and the that both Scots and Pights were united, and
enemy, on the other hand the Ocean fwelfd by the compofed their Army. For the Britains fpo-
Tides ; were compared, and the difficulties boafied ken of here, are the Inhabitants of Caledonia
;

of by the Soldiery : Which very we'll agrees to the and fo k is, that Tacitm (ays, Galgacm dc-fign'd
woody and mountainous Country, mixed with them in thefe words, Ojhnda,nm. quos fibi Cale-
Valleys, that lyeth North of thefe Firths ; and donia viros fepofuerit, i. e. Let m
fbozu what glori-
to the roughnefs of the Firths, when agitated om Men Caledonia km in referve.
with Winds: and a little below this, he faith We find likewife in our Author, Several marks
that the People inhabiting Caledonia, betook them of diftincfion. Firft, they are Gentes : now,
to their Arms ; where he gives an account of the Criticks have obferv'd that Gens is a more
fore battle they had with the Romans, when general name, and fo all the Britains are called
Agricola was fo hard put to it, as to make ufe Gens Britannorum Natio is a particular Peo-
;

of all his force, and art. ple, a part comprehended under the general
C'akdcnia. What is meant by
Caledonia, he has told us name Gens So, the Caledonii, the Silures, and
; :

where he fpeaks of the figure of Britain ; that the reft mentioned by Ptolemy in his Map of
what the Ancients faid ot it, agreed to that Britain, are nationes Britannica, Britifh Nations.
part on this fide of Caledonia ; fed immenfum &
Our Author alfo fpeaks ot Civitates which are ;

enorme fpatium pocurrentium extrtmo jam littore not Towns, but Gentes, People, and the Clans
terrarum, velut in cuneum tenuatur, i. e. a vaft that compofed them, which lived under the
and. almofl boundlefs fpace of Land running command of their Chiefs So Galgacm is de- :

into the Sea, towards the end, leffens into the fcribed here, inter plures duces virtute & getiere
form of a Wedge ; by which he makes Caledo- prafians, i. e. Of their many Leaders, the mofi
nia to contain all the reft of Britain, to the confider able for Valour and Birth. And thefe fame
North of thefe two Firths : and, that they were names which we find in Ptolemy, are certainly
the

IB
I EH-
 ? ;

H99 The British Islands. 1500

Exercit, V\ln Fot fo read by Jofefb Scaliger, and by Sal- tm, is,
it is
that about it, is mare pigntm grave &
next in learning to him. And remigantibm, a flow
Sea, and difficult to Sailors.
p. 1S9. mafms, who came
Which agrees indeed to the Sea upon the
it fllould fcem by thofc Verfes,
North-eaft part of Scotland, but not for the
reafon that Tacitus gives, e. for want of winds ; ;',

Et azrukos but becaufe of the contrary tides which drive

Scoto Brieantcu, feveral ways, and flop not only Boats with

Dare Romukis oars, but Ships under fail ; fo that there^

Colia caienii "f any where, it may be faid of the Sea

a

- Nunc fpumis candentibm aftra la-

cejftt,

that Seneca, who was contempory with

Claudius. Et nunc Tartaveis fubfidit in ima Bard-
had in his eye the Victory which Oflorius Go- thris.

vernour of Britain, under Claudius the Empe-

ror, obtain'd over Catatacus.His Hiftory may Sometimes the foaming Billows fwell a-
the main,
be feen elegantly written by Tacitm in
twelfth Book of his Annals ; where he
fhows Then fuddenly link down as low again.
Claudius
us, that Caratacm being brought before
in'chains, made a brave Speech to him and; :
But Thule is moft cxprefly defcribed to be
amongft other things, fpoke of the feveral
Na- this veryfame Country that we treat of, byitin. Bait,

tions which" he had govcrnU And without Conradm Celtes j

there by
doubt, befides the Sjlures mention'd

—&-
of the num- Orcadians qua cinBa fuis Tyle
Tacitm, tliefe Scoto-brigantes were glacialh

ber of the Gentes which he

commanded. Jnjula. _
_
p- .

to make jt appear which part

of Britain
In niith But
part of Br
the Thule was, which is
mention'd by the Ro- Where Tyle and the Icy Ifland's found,
Kin Ttak part ot Witli their own Orkney Iiles encompafs'd
was.
mans ; it will be ht to fee, to which
writers tc round.
Britain the Epithets attributed by
do beft agree. Firft then, it was a re-
Thule,
Ultima Thule, as if this were the This fame Epithet Claudian gives to lerne,
mote part,
of Britain ; fo Tacitm. brings in where he calls it Glacialis lerne ; and this Thule
remotefi part
Gnhacm expremng it, We, the utmoft Bounds of he makes to be encompafs'd fuis Orcadibus, with
towards it's Orcades ; which Ifles lie over^againfl it :
Land and Uhrth £ic. Then, Thule was
and fo was this Country, with nd a little after, he gives it the like Epi-
the North i

refneft to the Roman Province. And, thirdly, thet with mare pigrum, the flow Sea :
01
it mieht deferve the name Thule, becau.le
its obfeure and dark afpeft
it being ffi thofc i
£1 jam fub feptsm fpeBant vaga roftra Triotmt
days all over- grown with Woods.
Fourthly: Qua Tyle eft rigidis infula cinBa vadis.
Thuja ; and up-
the length of the day annex'd to
on this account it mutt be the Country to
the Now from their Ships they Charles's iMin
North, and to the Eaft of lerne, by the Ver- efpy,

fes of Juvenal, before-mentiou'd, Where Tyle in the rigid Seas doth lie.

And afterwards, he makes the Orcades to

-Arma quid ultra lie over-againft this T'huk, and feems to have
LitiuraJuvernx promovimvn : modo captas & in his eye the Skerries and Weels in Pightland
Ouadas, &
minim'* conteiUos notle Bri- Firth, in thefe lines ;
tannos
Eft locus ArBoo qua fe Germmia traBu
Claudit, & in rigidis 'Tyle ubi furgit aquis.

For it is of the North and Eaft parts of Bri- Quant juxta infantes fcopuli, & petrofa iiq- a

tain, that the Pauegyrift faith, Britain, happy rago,

and fortunate beyond all Lands ; and a little below, Afperat undifonis faxa pudenda vadis,

he (peaks of their long days and light nights; and Ortadas has memorant diBas a nomine
the Sun's rather pafftng-by than fetting. This Graco.

is applied to the Nortbmoft

part of Britain
by Tacitus, where he fays of it, The length of Near th' utmoft Northern point of German
the Day is much above the meafure of our Climate ; fhore,

the Nights are light, and in the furthermofl part of And where in frozen Waters Tyle ftands,
the Jfland fo port, that between the going out and Are monftrous Rocks ; and there, amidft
coming in of the day, the fpace is hardly perceived ; the Rocks,
and when Clouds do not hinder, they affirm that the A Weel fills Shore and Rocks with difmal
Sun-fhine is feen in the night, and that it neither Roar.
fets nor rifes, but paffes akng. Thefe, Orcades, by a Greek name are call'd.
ancient Scholiaft, upon the word Juver-
The
na, fays, It is an Ifiand of Britain placed in the Oce- But the cleareft Teftimony of all, we owe
an, not far from the thirty Ifles of the Orcades to Arngrimus Jonas (Specimen Ifiand. hiftoric. part.
;

and adds, that in Hibernia, which is a part of 2. pag. 120.) where he brings-in the Verfes
Britain, at the Summer Solftice, there is no Night, ot Fortunatm ;
or next to none. The Day here is eighteen hours
and twenty five minutes ; and, as Lefly in his
Hiftory obfetves, in Rofs, Caithnefs, and tb Ingeniumque potens ultima Thule colit.

Ifles of Orkney, the Nights for two months are

fo clear, that one may read and write in them His Eloquence did reach the utmoft Indies,
which is confirm'd by thofe who live there. And powerful Wit enlighten d fartheft Thule.
Another property of Thule, given by Tad-
And
 : ;

;oi In the GERMAN OCEAN, 1502

And then, reckoning up the feveral Nations feems, were never called Scots generally, nor
enlighten'd by him, he mentions Britain among their Country Scotia, till after the time of Ken
the reft fieth the fecond, who fubdued the Pights, and
incorporated them into one Nation with our
Tbrax, halus, Scytha, Per/a, Indus, Geta, Anceftors. Yet Wernerus Ralwingitis faith, InFafti.\ Temp.
Daca, Britannus. the time of Pope Linus, arofe the Scottiffi Nation,

of PiEts and Hibernians^ in Albania, which is a

To which he adds, From whence it may fairly part of England ; which confirms very much
enough be infer d, that either Britain, or (as Pliny what we have been proving all along, but
will have it) fame Ifland of Britain, was the Ul- makes the name to have been ufed generally,
tima Thule. And afterwards, To. confirm the fooner than appears to us from our Hiftori-
Opinion of Pliny and his followers, who will have ans.
fmne of tie Bxitijh Ifles, or particularly that fur- I (hall only add one remark more, and that
theft in the Scottifo Dominions, to be Thule ',
I is, that we need nqt have recourfe, tor the rife

?%uft acknowledge, that

the Hijiory of the Kings of of the name Scot, to the fabulous account of

Norway fays the fame thing, in the life oj King the Monks, who bring it from Scota, Pharaoh's
Magnus, who in an Expedition to the Orcades, and daughter, married to Gatkelus ; fince, without
B&brides, and into Scotland olid Britain, touched that it,rain, ifitbe granted that the Country was
alfo at, the Iflqvd of Thule, and fibdued it. once call'd Thule, which in the Phamician Lan-
By all which, I think, it appears fufliciently guage fignifies Varknefs3 we have a very clear
'

that the North-ealt part of Scotland, which Reafon for the mime Scotia, which figniries the
Scverns the Emperor and Theodofius the Great fame in the Greek 0I1 UC
£ And it is very T -

mlefted with their Armies, and in which. well known, that it was ufual with the Greeks
Boethius fhews us, Roman Medals were found ; (who next to the Phoenicians were the belt Na-
is undoubtedly the Thule mention'd by the vigators,) not only to retain the Phoenician name
Roman Writers. And this alfo, if we wiU of the place, but likewife to give one in their
believe the learned Amgrimus Jonas, was meant own language of Ehe fame import. And fince
by Ptolemy, where he faith, that to the 21ft Pa- the learned Bochartus has very ingenioufly de-
ralleldrawn through Thule by Ptolemy, the La- duced the Greek name of the whole Ifland,
titude anfvvers fifty five degrees, and thirty fix BptTcu'ixi, from Bratanack and Barat anac, in the
minutes. So that our Country in thofe antient Phamician tongue fignifying a Land oj Tinn,
times pafs'd under the name of Jbideand Hiber- (which the Greeks not only reduced to their
nia : and the Hibemi, and Pifli imoU Thuks, are own termination, but likewife call'd the Bri-
the fame People who were afterwards call'd Scots. tifli Ifles Kauxme^ej-, tnaE 1S > Lands of Tinn,
It looks indeed, as if the name Scot at firft as is the fignification of the Pharnician and
was only proper to fome Tribes of thofe Peo- Greek names : ) we may trike the fame liberty
ple who call'd themfelves Albinich ; fuch as the to derive the Greek name Scotia, from the
Scoto-Brigantes mention 'd by Seneca, and the Phxnician Thule. This is fo fully treated ot
Scottedeni in Ptolemy, which by the corruption in the Scotia Antiqua, that I need fay no
of Copies is now read Ottedeni. But th more.

Islands in the GERMAN OCEAN.]

IELOW Thule to the South, the Bri tains Inis Medicante, which (asEede fays) In the life a?
lies the German Ocean ; where- is twice Ifle, and twice Continent, in one day ; beingSt.Cuibbett.
in Pliny will have the fever. incompajjed with water and dry at
at every flow,
Acmoda, or H&modes ( as Mela every ebb ; whereupon, hevery aptly acalls it

calls them) to he fituate. But fmi-Ifle. Towards the weft, it is narrow, and
becaufe it is certain that thefe left wholly to the rabbets ; which is joyn'd to

belong to Denmark, and are the eair part (where it is much broader ) by a
the Ifles of Lelant, Fuyncn, Laglant, jtfueq. Falfto; very fmall ilip of land : towards the fouth, it
Leyland, and Fetnerem in the Sinjis Codanus, 01 has a fmall Town, with a Church and Caftle ;

rhe Baltick, they fall not within the compafs which was formerly a Bifhop's See, created by
of my defign ; any more than Gkjfaria, or Ele- Aidan the Scot. He was call'd. hither to preach
fo call'd from the Elefter or Amber the Gofpcl to the Northumbrians, and w asmuch
r

Brida,
which the Sea cafts up, and which Sotacus be- taken with the folitude and retireduefs of the
liev'd to drop originally from the trees in Bri place. Eleven Bifhops prefided in this See.
tain. And, by the way, fince the old Ger- Afterwards, upon the Danifli Invafion, it was
mans call'd Amber, Glejje ; I readily concur tranflated to Durham. Under the Town, lies
with the learned Erafmus Michael Lotus, that a good commodious Harbour, defended by a
the Ifle of Lejfe near Scagen, a Promontory of Fort upon a Hill to the South-eaft.
Clejjkria.
Denmark, was the old Gkjfaria- This Ifland, from the Monks who liv'd in
In the German Ocean, upon the Coaft o! it, is call'd by the Englifh Holy-Iftand. Of Holy-Maud.
Britain, there are very tew Iflands befides thoft which, Alcuin, in a Letter to Egelred King of
in the Frith of Edinburgh, namely May, Bajje. Northumberland, writes thus : The moft venera-
Ketb, and Inche-Cclme, or the Ifle of Columh ble place in Britain is hjt to the mercy of Paqans
On the coaft of Northumberland over-againf! and where the Chriftian Religion was firft preactid
, the rivet L'mdi, we fee Lindij-fame, call'd by in this Country, after St. Paulinus left York, there
 J 5°3 The British Islands, 1504.
we have
fuffer'd it's deftruclion to begin. Seven People bordering upon the Ocean may be fup-
Farn-in^nd. miles irom hence, to the South-eaft, lies Farn- pos'd to have cali'd it fo, becaufe of the vici-
about two miles from Banborrow-
Ifiand, diftant nity to Britain ; fo I cannot but wonder, why
cafik it is furrounded by the main Ocean, and
; this tower fliould be cali'd Britifb, unlefs the
edg'd round with a ridge of rocks. Almcft Dutch gave it the name, as being over-againft

in the middle of it there is a Fort in the very Pliny

calls a place in Picardy the Par-
Britain.
;
p srm Mea-
Bedc, in tbeplace, as fome fay, where Cuthbert Bifhop of Morinorum Britannkus, i. e. the Brinfh Har- wrum Bri-
tus
life- ofCmb-
Lindeffarn, the tutelar Saint of the North, bour of the Morini, either becaufe they took***"" 8**
srt '
built a City for Religious Retirement, fit for Ship there for Britain, or becaufe it lay op-
bis own Government ( as Bede expreffes it,) with pofite to Britain. Why therefore might not
Houfes therein,fuitable to that end. For the building this tower be cali'd Britten for the fame reafon ?
was almoft round, and four or five perches -aside For it cannot be deny'd, that the Britains came
Between wall and -wall. The wall on the out-fide was often hither, and that this was a common paf-
mere than a mans height but he made it much fage from Germany into Britain
; fince Zofimns ;

higher within by finking a huge rock, to reftrain the particularly computes the breadth of the Ocean
eyes and thoughts from rambling, and to
fix the mind between Britain and the mouth of the Rhine (as a
upon Heaven, by hindering the devout Inhabitants from common paffage) at nine hundred Stadia and writes, ;

any other profpeH. "The wall was not made offquare- that fupplies of Corn were brought hither out of
fiuue or brick, nor cemented -with mortar but of Britain, and convey'd in boats up the Rhine,
',

rough tmpolipd fione, and turf dug-up in the mid- to the Roman Camps and fince alfo Ju-:

dle of the place. Some of them were fo big, that lian the Emperor, as Marcellinus tells us, built
it hardly fern d pcffible for four men to lift them. Granaries for the reception of the Corn ufually tran-

In this Manfeoii, he had two Houfes, a Chapel, and fportedfrom Britain. About that time, this tow-
a Room for common ufe. The walk were the natu- er feems to have been converted into a Grana-
* Grcutnfoii' Y&l earthy made * by digging or paring off within ry, and cali'd from the Britifb Corn, Britten ;
endofvecx- and without. The roof was timber unhewn, and which is the more probable, becaufe it is
dendo. Moreover, 'at the Harbour of this Ifland, written Britenburg, in the Records of Holland.
thatch'd.
was a larger Houfe, wherein the Brethren who came For in that age, they cali'd fuch Caftles as flood
to vifit him, might be receivd and lodg'd not far conveniently for that purpofe, and were ftorM
;

from which, there was a Fountain convenient for with Corn, Burgs; as appears by the Hiftorys^, w at, j,

them. "Near this, lie fome letter Iflands to the of the Burgundians. But what if we fliould
Widopens. North, namely, PVidopens, and Staple- Ifland., fay ( for this is only multiplying conjectures
StaplciiUnd.-uhich is two miles off, with Bronfman ; and upon a point that has already puzzl'd many
The iVamba. two iefs than thefe, cali'd the The Wambes. Af- an Enquirer ) that the Britains took this
ter thefe, over-againft the mouth of the River tower, and left it the name, when they fet
Ccquet, riy. Coquet, Iks an Illand cali'd Coquet, where is great up Magnus Maximus, or Clemens Maximus as
Zoflmus, 1, 4,;
ftore of Sea-coal. others call him, againft Gratian for he certainly :

Thefe are the remarkable Iflands on this landed at the mouth of the Rhine Or, if the :

The Saxon Q -ft hut over-againft it are the Saxon Ifles, name be of later date, what if
.
we fay, that it
Holv-Ifland (
now Heilkhhnt, that is, the Holy Ifland,) which was called Huis de Britten by the Saxons ? fince
lie in a continu'd range, along the Coaft of Eaft they fet fail from hence, when they infefled
and Wtfi-Friefiand. Of thefe, that which Stra- our Coaft with their Pinaces, or Cuiles as they
Hircham. bo calls Birchams, was bell known to the Ro- call them. For Zofimus tells us, that the Sax-
Li ^ 7- mans Pliny calls it Burchana, and the Romans ons drove out the f Saltan Franks, and poflefs'dSaronsin
:

Fabaria, irom a grain like a bean naturally themfelves of Batavia and, that thence they Holland,
;

grow ing there i which (that I may reftore it made their defcent into Britain, is rnanifeft. \ Salii Fraa *
'*
to its proper place, tho' 1191 within the com- This feems alfo to be intimated by the noble
Eurkun, pafs or my deiign) is undoubtedly that Bttrktin and learned Janus Doufa, in an Ode of his Janus Douza,
which is over-againft the mouth of the Ems as upon Leyden ; as I obferv'd before. But left I
;

the name it felt demonftratcs. fcem partial to my own Country I muft add, ;

Lower down, upon the Coaft of Holland, that feeing the learned Hadrianus Junius, a In his P«w-
and rear the old mouth of the Rhine, the foun- Dutchman born, deduces the herb Britannica bula V' * he
dation ot a very ancient Arfenal appears fomc- from Britten (a word of his own country ) as
""'*
rimes at low water ; which is indeed an admi- growing plentifully upon thofe turfs which they
rable piece of Antiquity, and fhows how no- call Britten, and of which they make dikes to
ble the building it felf has been ; as Abraham keep the Ocean from breaking in there feems ;

Ortelius (the great reilorer of antient Geogra- to be no abfurdity, if we give this Huis de
phy, and my very intimate friend) has elegant- Britten the fame Original, and fuppofe it to be
ly defcrib'd it, and as it were fifb'd it out of fo cali'd, becaufe it was fene'd with banks of
the Sea. I was the more willing to take no- turf or Britten, againft the incurfions of the
tice of it in this Work, becaufe the Hollanders Sea, and that it might be overflow 'd by the

Britten Hub, cr! U lC Dy the name of Huis tc Britten, that is Sea, upon fome breach made in thefe banks.
a Britifb houfe ; fo that the name at leaft is our's. But I leave the determination of this Contro-
For as it is granted, that Caligula in that mock- vcrfie to them who are better acquainted with
expedition ngainft Britain built this for a Watch- the nature of the word, and the fituation of
tower ; fo it is rnanifeft from an old Infcripti- the place after I have ask'd their pardon
;

on dug-up here, that Septimim Severus repair'd for trefpaffing thus far, where I had no
it. As for the original of this name Britten, it right.
is uncertain : but it is moft likely from the On this Coaft, lie alfo the Ifles of Zealand,
Zealaai
Britains; from whom alfo Bretta, the birth-place
furrounded by the rivers Scald, Maefe, and
of Philip MelanBbon, had its name, as himfelf the Ocean. 1 have only this to fay of them,
thinks and we read that the Mountains in that the name Valachria ( this is the chief of
;

Heinault, cali'd Breten, took their name from them, ) is guefs'd by Lemnius Levinus to come
the Britains. And therefore, as Pliny thinks it from Walliaov Wales. Over-againft Zealand, lies
very unaccountable, that an herb peculiar to the mouth of the Thames, the nobleft river in
Holland fliould be cali'd Britannka, unlcfs the Britain where Ptolemy places Toliapis, andTeflapis.
;

Cauna
 l$o$ In the BRITISH OCEAN. 1^66
Onvey, Cauna or Convennos. I have treated of Toliapis, or four miles-, by boat. The
Shepcy.
faid Ifle, in an imufical
which I take to be Shepey, in Kent ; fand, of
florm of -wind and rain, and a very tempeftuous Sea,
funk down, arid wm cover d with heaps of Sand,
Convennos, in Eflex."]
Beyond the mouth of the Thames' eaftward, and Jo, was irrecoverably changd into an
amphibious
before the Ifle of Tanet, lies a long fhelf of nature, between Land
anil Sea. I know very -well
Sand very dangerous to Sailors, call'd the Good- what I fay for fometimes
Goodwin' f it floats, and fome- \Tota fiuitah
;

This* How thsls

win-Sands ; where, in the year 105*7, our An- times at low water one may
Sand.. -walk upon it. *
nals tell us, that an Ifland which belong'd to is perhaps
the old Toliapis unlefs you had r&-p™>d ;
Earl Good-win, was fwallow'd up. John Twine ther read Thanatis JJJ
for Toliapis, which is writ-why focaIl'd
3
writes thus of it, This Ifle wm very fruitful, mid ten Toliatis in fome
Copies. But of this we See Somn,
bad good Paflures, and -was foliated lower than have already fpoken For1s anii
in Kent,
Tanet, from which there wcu a pajfage of about three

[Islands in the B RIT I S H C EA N.

The BRITISH SEA/1

ERE, body of Wa-

this vail He from's dear mother Earth was fnatcr/d
ters is pentwithin fo fmall a away
Chanelj that between Britain Ey's cruel Step-mother the barbarous
and the Continent of Europe, Sea.
the Ocean is not above thir- Weep, weep, the Light that is for ever -\
ty miles broad. This nar- gone ; &
row Seais call'd by fome the Weep England, that could'ft boaft a double V
Strcight of Britain, and by others the Streight oj Sun, £
France, and is the Bound of the Britifh Ocean ; But fadly now muff be content with one. J
which by little and little inlarges the diftance
between the two fhores, that were in a manner
united and by an equal retirement of the
;

Land on both fides, divides Britain and France

Sad Fate one Rock beneath deceitful
!

from Eaft to Weft. Here, the Britifh Ocean Waves

begins ; in which the firft Ifland ( or rather
Two helplefs Kingdoms of their Prince be-
reaves.
Peninfula) that we meet with, is Selfy, in Sax-
on 6eolj-ea, that is, according to Bede, an Ifle
Seals. nf Seals or Sea-calves. But this has been al-
lntfrftx. ready treated of. Another of the fame Age writes thus upon
tVefta.
Above this, lies the Ifle VeBa, call'd in Welih the fame occafion ;
Th: Ilk of
Wight, v. Guith, in Saxon fuic-lana and ptcb-ea ( for £a
1
South am. iignifies an Ifland, ) and by us, the Ifle of
Wight and Whiglst ; which w e have defcribed Dum Normannigena GaUis claris fuperatis,
r

'
Anglica regna petunt, obflitit ipfe Deus :
already.
Portland, As for Portland, which is not now an Ifle,
Afpera nam fragili dum fulcant aquora
Dorfet. cymba,
but join'd to the Continent ; it has likewife
htulit excito
nubila denfa mart.
been defcrib'd in Dorjetfhire.
Dumque vagi czso rapiuntur tramite
From hence, I will crofs over to the oppo- nautd,
Ruperunt imas abdita faxa rates.
fite Coaft of France ; which, from Beetfleet in
Sic mare dum fuperans tabulata per ultima
Normandy, the Seamen think to be lin'd with
ferpiU
rocks and craggs, as far as the very middle of
Merfit rege fatos, occidit orbis
the Chanel. Among thefe, WiUiam the fon of honos.

Henry the firft, and heir apparent to the

Crowns of England and Normandy, was cafe
While Norman Viftors o 4re the Waves
away (together with his Sifter and a Baftard- were
born,
brother, and others of the greateft of the No-
bility who accompany'd him) in the year
A fiercer Foe oppos'd their wifh'd re-
turn.
1 1 20, as he was failing from Normandy to
England. Hence a Poet of that age, Now homeward the triumphant VefTel
flood,
When fudden tempefts roua'd the fudden
flood.
Abftulit hum terra: matrt maris ttnda no-
verca,
The trembling Pilots fearful of delay,
-J
Thro' unknown (hallows cut their fatal V
Proh dolor ! ccatbuit Sol Anglicus, Anglia
flora !
way, N.
And fell on fecret Rocks, an heedlefs
Quxque prius fueras gemino radiata nitore, \
Extinclo nato vivas contenta parente.
And conqu
ring billows now by fad
degrees 1
Funus plangendum ! privat lapis aauoris, unus Above the Prince's Cabbin proudly rife ;
3
\
Ne'er could the Ocean boaft a nober prize. J
Et ratis una fuo principe regna dm.
9 E Bri-

^^^HMHH
i$°7 The British Islands i$o8

[British Islands on the Coaft of FRANCES

ORE Weflward, fome Iflands once, in a clear Day, defcry this Rock and
fhew themfelves in the Sea 1
the Head of Portland in England. Sure it is,
near France, yet belonging to that for want of fuch a Light, many good
the Crown of England. The Ships have been loft here and on the back of
firft that appears hard by Guernsey. This was the fatal Place, where
Normandy, other wife the Coaft William Son of Henry the firft, fo miferably pe-
of the Lexobii ( whom our rilled, in his Paflage from Normandy to Eng-
Welfh call Lettaw, as much as to fay Coa-land, as the Norman writers teftify, and as hath
Alderney. fieri ) is Alderney ; termed in the Records been mentioned above.!
of the Tower Aurney, Aureney, and Aurig- Southward of thefe [viz.. of Alderney and
Arlca. ney fo that one would take it for the Arica
',
the Cafquets,] and * about nine Leagues diflant, * Scarce 12
which Antoninus ( according to a Mauufcr-ipt lies Czfarea, mentioned by Antoninus. The French ™ iIes c > -

Ga;rarea '
in the King of Spain's poffeffion) reckons among have now contracted this name of Czfarea into
the Iflands of the Britifh Sea. Others fuppofe that of Gearz.ey 3 as they have done Gc/flnJ-Aar-j EaS By.
Evodia. jt to be that Ebodia or Evodia, of which P. gum, which is a Town of Normandy, into Cher-
Diaconus, who was but little acquainted with bourg, and the Spaniards their Cafar-Augufta in-
thefe Parts, makes mention, and none elfe but to Saragofa. Gregorius T'uronenfis calls it the
he, placing itthirty Miles diflant t'rom the Ifland of that Sea -which is nearefl to the City of
mouth of the River Seise ; and tells us of a Coutance ; where he relates how Pratextatus Bi-
continual noife of Heaters, as it where from a Cha- fhop of Rouen was banifhed hither. In like
ry bdis or Whirlpool, heard to a great di fiance manner Papirius Maffonius calls it Tfhe Ifland of
hereabouts. [This is Poetical and exaggerated: the Coafi of Coutance, becaufe it lies over-againft Coutatae.
But thus much is true, that the many rocks and the ancient City of that name. \ Aymonius Mo- p e Gefl.
foul grounds along this Coaft, make a very ter- nachus defcribes it alfo by this Character of it's fram. Zib.
rible and roaring Sea in bad weather.") nearnefs to Coutance.'] Which Coutance feems to 3- £"!> 2d.
This Ahkmey is about one good league and a be the Caftra Cmfiantia in Ammianus, and the C n'
£^°
half from Cape La Hague in Normandy in cir- Moritonium of former times.
; For Robertus Mon-
cuit about eight miles ; enjoys a fruitful Soil, tenfxs writes thus, Comes Moritonij, i. e. Confian-
either for Corn or Pafture ; and has in it one tiarum ; unlcfs here be an interpolation of the
*So, ann. Church, and * fourfcore Houfes. I am in doubt Transcriber fas it muft be, if Mortaigne be there
1607. hut whether I ought to take notice of a Giant's meant becaufe Moritonium ( or Mortaigne as Moritonium:
; 1
now more.
See below.
Tooth found here, of the bignefs of a man's it is now called) is more remote from the Sea.

Giant's Fifl, feeing St. Anguflin writes he had feetl one TBut in truth, Moritonium is not Mortaigne; but
tooth. fo large that it might be cut into a hundred Mortain, lying within the Coutentin, which is a
DsCiv. Dei •others as big. as any ordinary man's. Alderney is large Trail: of Normandy fo denominated from,
\
Lib, xv. f.
9
a high Land (as are all the Hies in this Traft) the City of Coutance. It is this Mortain, that
and much the nearefl to France. That narrow gave the Title of Earl to our King John, while
Sea which runs betwixt the two Shores, is by he was a Subject. It's being within the Cou-
them called Le Ras de Blanchart, and by us, tentin, the Ager Conflantienfis, might caufe Ro-
Race of Al- the Race of Alderney; and is reputed a dangerous bert du Mont to exprefs himfelf (o loofely. But
derney. Paflage, when the Currents, which are very the City of Coutance was never call'd Moritoni-
flrong, encounter with tempeftuous Winds, and um. As for Mortagne, there are two or three
both meet in contrary motion. Otherwife, it of that name, but a great way off ; and the
is fafe enough, and has a depth of Water fut- Latin of them is Mortagnia, Moritania, &c.l
ficient for the biggeft Ships. Through this The Ifland fof Jerfly~\ is f above thirty + About j C.
Race part of French Fleet made their
the miles in compafs, and is defended by Rocks
efcape, after their defeat at La Hougue, in the and Shelves, which are dangerous to fuch as
year 1692. The
Habitations lie not here dif- fail that way [being Strangers.
pers'd as in the other Iflands, but are brought It is twelve miles long, and about fix wide
together for greater fafety into one Town of at each of the two extremities ; for in the
about two hundred Houfes, and a thoufand ddle it is narrower. It is in the Latitude
Inhabitants. Nor is this Ifland fo much in- of forty nine Degrees, twenty five Minutes ;
clofed as the others. They boaft of a common four Leagues from the nearefl Coaft of Nor-
Field of about five hundred Acres, that bears mandy, and twenty five, or more, from the
excellent Corn, and has not lain fallow once nearefl Point of Lznd in England : The Win-
this hundred years. It is kept thus always in ters are generally milder, but more windy than
heart by manuring it with Vraic, that Sea-weed, England. It abounds with Springs ot pure
of which mention is made below. The Har- and clear Water, perhaps above any Countrey
bour is to the South, capable only of fmall under Heaven. The populoufnefs of the Place,
Veffeis and the Ifland is a dependance of the folidity of the Buildings, all of Stone (for
;

the Government and Jurifdiftion of Guern- here is no fuch thing as Mud or wooden Cot-
zey.l tages) the many Quickfets and Inclofures, Gar-
From hence weft ward there ft retches out a dens and Orchards, the double rows of Trees
range of high Rocks dreadful to Mariners, fet in the Avenues leading to the Houfes, and
Cafquets. "who call them Cafquets. fBy Cafquet, in the often along the High-ways, all thefe give a
lingular number, is meant that principal Rock beauty to the Country. When the People fhall
which advances at the head of all the reft, and pleafe to reduce fome of their too numerous
looks into the Chanel ; and by Cafquets in the Plantations tor Cydar, back unto Arable, they
plural, is meant the whole Range, lying for may be faid to want nothing necefTary to Life,
three Leagues together betwixt that main though they may be ftiU beholden to their
Rock and Alderney. A
Light upon Cafquet would Neighbours for Superfluities and fome Conve-
be a great Security to the Navigation of the niences. Of Flefh, Fifh, and Fowl, they have
Chanel, from the middle whereof one may at plenty ; each good in it's kind. Their Honey
and
 1509 On the Coafi of FRANCE. 1510
and Butter peculiarly excel!. Their Bread can- Fathoms perpendicular height; and the South-
not be fo much commended, efpecially that fide is declining, and indented or cut into ma-
which the ordinary People eat, becaufe made ny pleafant hollowneffes or Valkys. Nor is it
of Barley, like the Rye or Oaten Bread in only in thefe Valleys that one fees Fruit-trees-, Fruit*trees,
many Parts of England. They know not elfe (whatever might be formerly; ) the upper Le-
what to do with that Grain, having little oc- vel of the Ifland abounding no lefs with them.
cdioii for Malt in fuch a plenty of Cydar, which For within thefe Mty or fixty years
kft pair,
they prefer to Beer.l the Humour of the People has fo run upon
The Soil is fufficiently fruitful, bearing va- Planting, that much of the bell Arable Land
rious forts of Grain, and weil ftock'd with has been converted into Orchards. Whereby
Cattle. Of Sheep it feeds good ftore ; among thefe two inconveniencies have happen'd 3 firft, -

* Are, C, which many * were remarkable for having four, deficiency of

Bread-Corn in proportion to
Sheep with
Tand fiXjl horns. TBut thefe are now very rare, the number of the
People, whereas there ufed
hx horns.
if any at all be remaining in the Ifland. Of to be an Overplus,
bought up by the Spanifh and
the fix Horns, two were bending forwards to- other Merchants; and fecondly, an Inundation
wards the nofe, two bending back towards the of a Liquor, which has occafion'd much ex-
neck, and two erect in the midft.l It enjoys cefs. For whether it be from the nature of
fls, C. a very wholfome Air, and f was heretofore the Soil, or the Qualities of the Fruit, or the
fubject to no other Diftemper but certain Fe- Liquor it felf being kept unrack'd and un-
vers, which come in the Month of September, drawn from the Lees for years together, in
and are for that reafon called Septembricres, ; fo large Veffels containing three, four, or more
Ills, C. that there was no occafion here for Phyfici- Hogflieads ; it is certain, that the Jerfey-Cydar,
[|

ans. TAnd it is ftill true, that naturally no made pure, and drunk upon the place, is ftronger
Place is healthier but a way of Living, fallen and more inebriating than Engliflx Cydar. Ter-
;

into, very different from that of the more fo- tullian, I remember, fpeaks of Apples from
ber ancient Inhabitants, has brought in Gouts, which he and other Montanijls refrained in
and other Diftempers, either wholly unknown, :heir Xerophagias, becaufe of their too generous
or not fo common, a hundred years ago.] and vinoiu Juice Ne quidvinofitatis, hyshe,velx) e e U ^adv.
;

Affording The Place * not affording Fuel fufEcient, edamus, •velpotemm. It has been computed, tha,tPjjcb. j j

cap. 1.
but little they ufe fefpecialiy in Count ry-houfesl inftcad twenty four thoufand Hogfheads of Cydar
Fuel, C.
.of Wood, a Sea-weed by them called Vraic, have been made here in one year."!
Vraic a Sea
weed. thought to be the FucUs Marinas of Pliny, which The Ifland is thick-fet with Villages and Hou-
the little ragged Ifles and Rocks round the fes, and divided into twelve Parifhes, and has
Coaft produce in great plenty. Being dryM in on all fides commodious Bays and Creeks made
the Sun, it ferves for firing and afterwards by the winding in of the Shore, the fafeft of
;

with the Allies as with fo much Marie and which is on the South-fide of the Bland, be-
Dung, they manure and greatly enrich their twixt the Towns call'd St. Hilary and St. Al- Little
|1
||

Land. Nor is it permitted to be gather'd, unlefs ban. This Bay has within it a fmall Ifle of it's Towns, C.
in the Spring and Summer and then only on own, kept by a Garrifon, and cut off from all| c Heli^- '

certain Days appointed by the Magistrate. At accefs, where it is faid, that St. Hilary Bifhop^' A '

which times the People, in a rejoycing fort of of PoiBiers, lent hither into Banifhment, lies
manner, repair on all fides to the Sea-fhore buried. For juff oppofite to it, Hands the
with their Carts, and in Boats get over to the Town dedicated f(as hath been fuppos'd)! to
neighbouring Rocks, driving who fhall be fore- his name and reckon'd the chief of the Coun-
;

molt. But what of this Weed is driven a- trey, both becaufe it is the Market, and becaufe
Ihore by the Sea, the poorer fort are ailow'd it is likewife the Seat of Juftice. fBut the
to carry off for their ufe. THowever, it is true names of the two foremention'd Towns,
certain^ that the Ifland is now pretty well are St. Helier, and St. Aubin ; and what is com-
planted with Wood but yet the Vraic affords monly faid concerning St. Hilary Bilhop of
;
St> Hihrim.
ftill confiderable help, and (as hath been faid) PoiBiers (as before) is a miftake. He was, in-
in Countrey-houfes is generally
for the ufed
!d, driven for a time from his See, by the
Kitchin, where it makes
glowing fire. violence of the Arians, for oppofing their mea-
a hot
But a great deal of this Weed
burn'd upon fures in the Council of Beyers, Ann. 355.
is

the Sea-fhore, merely forfake of the They complain'd of him to the Emperor Con-
the
Afhes, which are laid up afterwards in heaps (lantim who favoured them, and he at their
for Sale ; and not only the Afhes, but the Solicitation order'd the good bifhop into Ba-
Vraic it fell, green, and as it comes from the nifhment. But the place of his Confinement
Sea, being fpread on the Land, and buried in w_as not Jerfey, but Phrygia, on the other fide
by the Plough, fertilizes like Dung j of which of the Hei/efpciit. For fo St. Jerom tells us ex- -
Cafa7 Sc 1
an Example has been given above, fpeaking of prefsly, adding that he died at PoiBiers. And'-Eccl.Num.^.
Alderney. And it is well known, that in many Sulpitim Severn* confirms his dying at IJ oicliers,H'ft.$ac.Lii>.
Countries where they have the advantage of the the place of his Birth, fix years after his re- 2 *"p*fi- -

Neighbourhood of the Sea, almoft every thing turn from Banifhment. His death falls in the" ew *

that it caffs up, dead Fifh, Shells, Mud and year 367, and we have nothing in ancient wri-
Slime, nay Sand and the Sea-water it felf, are ters fo high as that Time concerning Jerfey,
thus employ 'd to very good purpofe.l except its bare name of Cafarea in Antoninm.
The Ifland in the middle wells up gently into He then of whom the chief Town in Jerfey
Hills, under which lie pleafant Valleys water'd is named, is not St. Hilary of PoiBiers, but St.
with Brooks, and fet with Fruit-trees, and f Ap- Helier, inLatin Helerim, or without the afpi-
f Pyris. ple-trees ; of the Fruits of which the Drink of ration, Elerim ; a holy man, who liv'd fome
Cyder. the Countrey is made. fBut to be more par- Centuries after in this Ifland, and was flain
ticular :The Ifland is as it were one great by the Normans (as- yet Pagans and Heathens,)
continued Hill, ftretching it fell from Eaft to at their firft coming into thefe Parts. Asa
Weft in the figure of an oblong Square. Thi fufferer for the Faith of Chrift, he has a Place
North-fide is exceedingly raifed, and looks in the Martyrology of Coutame ; and in memo-
down on the Sea below, from Cliffs of forty ry of him, a noble Abbey of Canons Regular
was
 I5< The British Islands 5 f2
was in after-time founded on that fmall Iile ot rer; he who f was appointed over the whole + Is, C.
and
the Bay, before-mention'd. The little folitary ifland, dldcommand therein with a Garrifon ; "Commands,
Hermitage, which the holy man had chofen tor whofe Stile and Title formerly was
that of
C
his retreat from the World, according to the CuftosInfuU,le. Warden oj the Ifland, and his
Piety of thofe times, with a Bed cut into the Salary in the Reign of
Henry the third, two
hard Stone, remains yet fending on one or the hundred Pounds yearly. TBut this Caftle was
out-lying Rocks, and is vilited by the curious. a Place of note and ftrength, before Henry the
As for the Abbey, it's fate was to be annex'd fifth did any thing to it. It had, in the de-
to that of Cherbourg m Normandy, in the Reign
clining years and Fortune of Edward
the third,
vii. Du Mm- of Henry the fecond, fo that, at it's fuppreilion, fuftained a Siege from the French, with the
filer Neuflria-lt was no more t lan a Priory. I famous Conftable Du Guefdin in Perfon at
Pit. in S He-
lerio.p. 712.
The two Towns, of St. Helkr, and St. Aubin, their head, and could not be taken ; although
St. Cabin's beforemention'd, are feated in one and the fame every where elfc, at that fatal juncture, all re-
Bay. Bay, call'd latter St. Aubin's Bay, and hflance fell before that too fuccefsful Enemy
from the
are about three miles afunder ; but the whole of the Euglifi. It is now flighted, and the
compafs ol the Bay is a great deal more. This Relidence of the Governour transferr'd to Eli- El^aiai.
Bay opens to the South ; and at the Eaft-end z.abeth-CaJlle ; yet even in it's ireglefled State, it Cattle,
is St. Hdier, a well built and well inhabited retains an appearance and air of Greatnefs, ve-
Town, which hath been improv'd very greatly ry well anfwering it's name.1
(within thefe hundred years) by accommodating From the South-fide of the Ifland, but at 3
it with publick Conveniencies, and enlarging greater difhnce Tthan from the
Eaft-iide to
it with new Streets. The Market-Place in the Coutance^ one t fees St. Mala, which takes
its +
St Ma '« -

midft of the Town, is fpacious, faced round prefent name from Machvim, a man lies low
renown'd
2 "d
;
with handlome Houfes, and among them with tor Piety. It was before, call'd the City
of the fe7n-om
the Cohur Rayah, which is the Court of Judica- Diablintes, and Aletum in the old Notitia. For hence,
ture. Hither doth the whole Ifland (in a man- lo in a Manufcript of Ifidoms Menator, we ex- St ***>>• -

ner) rendezvous upon a Saturday (which is the prefsly read, Civitas DiaU'mtum, auat alio
nomine
Market-day, ) for Bulincfs, or Converfation. Aletum ; i. e. the City of the Diablintes, other-
To the Weft-end is St. Aubin, a Town proper- wiie called Aletum. [Thefe Diablintes were one Vetera,
ly of Merchants and Mailers of Ships, who of the Armarium Nations, mentioned by
Crfar. v, Bella Gall
have been invited by the neighbourhood of In fucceeding Agis (as hath been faid) we find Lib.
3.
the Port to build and fettle there. Ir is lefs their City call'd Aletum, of which
Machvim,
than St. Helierby more than one half tho' ; vulgarly St. Male, was Bifhop, in the year
540.
greatly increas'd within thefe hundred years. Aletum falling afterwards to decay, a new City
The Port is made by a ftrong Stone-work, or rofe up two miles from it, which from
rhe
Mole, carried a good way into the Sea, where Bifhop, tho' dead many years before, was na-
Ships of good burthen lie fafe under the Guns med St. Mala. Where Aletum flood, is '"S'"'i-
now a
D
of a Fort contiguous to it. fmall Village call'd Quidaht.'] 'J!1> ic Br '- -

In this fame Bay, but more to the Eaft, is The Inhabitants fof Jerfeyl ufe the Fiihing 4f "'.
fie of St. fit- the fmall Ifle of St. Hdier, fhut in by the St Trade, but are more benr upon Tillage and Employment-
ier. at, or about, every half-Flood, and having in Husbandry. Their Women gain confiderably
Circuit near a mile. Here flood the Abbey of by knitting of Stockings, which we therefore call
St. Hdier, and now in it's place, Elizabeth- Jerfey-Stockiugs. TAnd this Manufacture is alfo Jerley.Stotk-
Caftle, which is one of the largeft and ftoutelt carried on in all the Iflands ; but is much ins*"
Fortrefies in the King's Dominions. Queen funk from what it was heretofore."]
Elizabeth began it, and gave it her name ; King As to what concerns their Polity, the Go- Civil Go-
Charles the firft enlarg'd it, and King Charles vernour fent by the King of England is the vcr,,ment -
the fecond perfected it. It takes up the whole- Supreme Magiftrate.
f Heretofore 1 he * ap- * Appoinu,
ground of the fmall Ifle on which it Hands, pointed a Bailly, who with twelve Jurats his c -
and is the Relidence of the Governour, with Afl'effors, chofen out of each of the twelve Pa-
a Garrifoh in time of Peace no lefs than War. rifhes by the Votes of the Parifhioners, H"\is, C.
f held +
In all other Openings and Creeks round the the Pleas in Civil Matters In Criminal Cau-
:

Ifland, where an Enemy might land, there are fes,with feven of the Jurats ; in Caufes of
Lines and Batteries raft up, mounted with Ca- mere Right and Property, with three. ("His
non and feventcen or eighteen Watch-Houfes
; Power was once much larger but that wife
i

on the moif. prominent Points, to difcover Ships King, Henry the feventh, who had been in Jir-
afar off. The whole number of Inhabitants is fey, thought it too great, and accordingly qua-
computed fomething under twenty thoufand ; lified it. However, the Governour is ftill the
and of them three thoufand are able to bear firft in Digniry, and more immediarely repre-

Arms, and are formed into Regiments, and fents the Sovereign. But the Bailly now, is nei-
better difciplin'd than a Country-Militia ufually ther of his nomination, nor dependant on him.
is. When at a general Review, this Militia is The one has the Military Command, with
drawn up in the Sandy Bay, betwixt St. Helier fome Special Powers referved to him for the
and St. Aubin, with a Train of twenty or more prefervation of the Peace. The other is at the
Brafs-Field-Pieces belonging to the Parifhes in head of the Civil Jurifdiftion. The Twelve
their Center, two fmall Bodies of Horfe upon Gentlemen of the beft Families and
Jurats are
the Wings, their Officers at their head, and Intereft in the Ifland. Nor is it required, that
the Governour giving Orders to the whole ; they fhould be one out of each Parifh ; but
they make a handfome appearance and, being
: they are chofen with a Latitude, fo that two,
unanimous in their Affection to England, would three, or more, may be, and frequently are, of
doubtlefs behave well upon occafion.l the fame Parifh. And becaufe rhe word Bailly
On the Eaft-lide, wiiere the Ifland faces the founds fomewhat low and mean in Englifh, it
oppofite City of Coutance, there ftands upon a is not amifs to obferve, that it has quite ano-
high craggy Rock, a Caftle, Theretofore] very ther fignification in this Ifland, as well as in
ftrong, called by the lofty name of Mont-Orgueil, France and other Countries. It is an Offici
Mont-0
gueil. and owing much to Henry the fifth as its refto- 'here of great Honour ; of which let this bean
Argu-
1513 On the Coaft of FRANCE. 1514.
Argument, a Peer of England, the Lord moreover by a Bull of Pope Sixtm the fourth,
that
Carteret, oneof His Majefty's Principal Secre- denouncing the higheft Cenfures of the Church
taries of State, difdains not to hold it at this againft the infringers of it, which Bull is re-
day. cited at length in an Infpeximm of Henry the
And thus much of the Ifland of Jerfey ; to eighth. Every one readily understands the be-
which we fhall only add, that in the ninth nefit of free and neutral Ports But though this
:

year ot King William the third, it was erected Privilege be declared and confirm'd in all the
into an Earldom in the per Ion of Edward Vif- Charters of thefe Iflands ever fince, it is now
count Villiers ; upon whofe death, the titles good as given up and forgotten ; the Wan-
defcended to his fon and heir, the prefent ders themfclves having in truth render'd it im-
Earl.] practicable by their Privateering in time of
Sarnta. Twenty miles North-weft of this, is another War.]
Gamzcy.
Ifland, call'd Saruia by Antoninm, and by us at The entrance of the Port, pretty well fet off
p erliaps G>a-
na (by a
this day Garnfey ; out from Eaft to Well: with Rocks, is on both fides guarded by Ca-
laid
tr anfpolal of in fafhion of a Harp. It is not to be compa- ftles. On the left, by an old Caftie ("of no ac-
I red to the Cafarea before defcribed, for extent count.] On the right, by another call'd Cor- Cornet Ca-
lull Anto-
or fruitfulnefs for it has in it no more than net, lifted up indifferent high on a folid rocky ftle.
:
nwi ilienti-
s in the
ten Parifhcs ; yet to be preferr'd in this refpeft, Mafs, with the Sea quite round it when the
that it breeds no venomous Creatures, like the Tide is in. In Queen Mary's time, new For-
other. It is alfo more fafe and fecure by na- tifications were added to it by Sir Leonard Cham-
ture, as being fur rounded with fteep and berlan, Governour of the Ifland, and * fince that,* Lately, C.
craggy Rocks ; and among thefe is found the by [Sir] Thomas Leighton, who fucceeded him.
Stnyns, which is a very hard iharp Stone, ufed For therein refides for the moil part the Go-
by Lapidaries for poiifhing Jewels, and by Gla- vernour of the Ifland, w'ith a Garrifon, who
ziers tor cutting their Glafs. We call it Erne- on no account will fuller either French, or Wo-
til. It's having likewife a more commodious to come into it. TThis Caftie is indeed
Port, and in confequence a larger concourfe of of great importance, as it commands the Town
Merchants, gives it a greater reputation for and Harbour, and is feparated from the Land
Trade. For at almoft the extremity of the by an arm of the Sea, which is not lefs than
* On die
Ifland Eaftward, * where it joins to the fix hundred yards wide, and not fordablc but
Sou tli -lid e
Scuth-fide ; the Shore bends it felf in, like at low Water, in great Spring-Tides. It made
C.
a Half-moon, and makes a Port capable of re- a better figure, before it's upper Walls and
ceiving large Ships. And hereon Hands the Buildings, which were very high and noble,
little Town of St. Peter, ftretching it felf in with a lofty Tower feen above all the reft,
one long and narrow Street. fThe Port con- and carrying the Standard, were blown up by
fifts of a good Road, from whence Ships Lightning. As to it's ftrength, it remains the
may go out to Sea with any wind ; in which fame in the main, the Powder having had lit-
it is confeffedly better than' St. Aubins Bay tle or no effect on the Ramparts and Batteries
in Jerfey. From this Road, Ships pafs under which lay lower. That terrible Accident hap-
the Guns of the Caftie into the Peer, clofe up pen'd in the year 1672, under the Lord Vit-
to the Town ; which Peer is indeed a noble count Hat tons Government, who himfelf was
Work, and the Glory of this Ifland. It is wonderfully preferved, but his Lady was
all of vaft Stones, piled .up one upon another kill'd.
to a great height, and laid clofe together with To return once more to the Port Upon a
:

much regularity and Art. It has flood firm Survey of this Ifland by the Lord Dartmouth,
againft all the violence of the Sea upwards of the Reign of King Charles the fecond, a
four hundred years, it's foundation being laid Place was found and pitch'd upon to the North-
in the beginning of the reign of Edward the ft, and more in the Chanel, for making a-

firft, and it may fo fland to the end of the nother. It was to be a Mole, which would
World. It is not only a fecurity to the Ship- have admitted of very large men of War, and
ping within it, but being contiguous to the was for it's defence and fecurity to have a
Town, is handfomely laid at top with large Cittadel added to it. But the Eftimate of the
fmooth Flags, and guarded with Parapets Charge ran too high, for the condition that the
;

and alfo being of great length and proportio- Exchequer Was in at that time. How glad
nable breadth, it ferves for a Place of Plea Would the French be to have but one fuch Place
fure, and is the ordinary Walk of the Gen any where betwixt Dunkirk and Breft, and how
tlemen and Ladies of the Town and fron little would they value any coft to render it
;

thence is a fine Profpeft to the Sea and the fit for their purpofe !]
neighbouring Iflands. The Town, call'd St. Pe- To the North of the Ifland, adjoins a Penui-.
ters Port, is the only one in the Ifland ; a good fula, call'd Le Vol, which once had a Houfe ofXe VaJ,
Town, but fo ftraitened betwixt the Sea and Religious on it, by the name of a Priory. To
the over-hanging Hills, that it cannot eafily be the Weft, near the Sea, is a Lake of a mile and
extended. It is the Market, and admirably a half compafs, well ftored with Fifh, Carps
fupply'd with Fifh at all times.l efpecially, which are much commended for their
This Town is well replenifh'd with Military largenefs and exquifite Tafte. The Inhabitants
Stores, and Twas] very much frequented by do not ufe the like Induflry, in cultivating
Merchants upon the breaking out ot any War. their Land, as they of Jerfey ; but very bufily
For by an ancient Privilege of the Kings of apply themfelves to Navigation and Merchan-
England, there is here a kind of perpetual dize, for a more uncertain gain. Every man's
Truce, and how hot foever the War be, the humour being here to have his own ground to
French and others have liberty to come hither manage apart, the whole Ifland is thereby bro-
to Trade, and depart again without molefta- ken into fmall Parcels by hedges and inclofures,
tion. [Which notable Privilege belong'd equally which they reckon not only an improvement, but
to all thefe Iflands, and not fingly to Guernsey ; a fecurity to the Countrey againft an Invader.
and was not owing to the Favour of the Kings [ In the fecond year of Her Ma jelly gee AHesfrrA,
of England only, but to the joint concurrence Queen Anne, Heneage Finch, fecond Son of He-la ^.sm,
of neighbouring Princes a!fo3 and wasftrengthen'd wage late Earl of Nottingham and Lord High
9 F Chan-
 i$i5 The British Islands 1516
Chancellor of England, w'as advanced to the Ifland and theCaftle. Likewife inthe Year 1543, Francica, 16
Honour of Baron Guernfey. when England under an Infant-King w'as em- Ec* vv *4.
Companion Thefe two Iflands, having been defcribed broiled with Rebellions at Home, Leo Strozzi,
of Jerfey and
feparately, are now, in fome particulars, to be Commander of the French Galleys, invaded the
Guernsey.
compared, and then to be jointly considered. fame Ifland, but having loft many of his Men
Of late years, particularly before the two lafl in the repulfe given him, was forced to defift from,
Wars with France, Jerfey hath been thought to that Enterprize. i~The firfl of thefe happen'd
equal, if not furpafs, Guernsey, in Commerce during the Contefl betwixt Henry the fixth
and number of Shipping. And as to Inclofures, and Edward the fourth for the Crown j when
(which are mention'd above,) Jerfey is far more the French had found means to furprize Mont-
inclofed, thicker planted, and better wooded. Orgueil-CaRle in Jerfey by Treachery, and to get
Guernsey lies naked enough, and bare of Foreft- pofleffion of about half the Ifland ; while Phi-
Trees. Neither is it fo well peopl'd. Their lip de Carteret, Seigneur of St. Ouen, fecured the
Train-bands mufler but about twelve hundred other half for England. Henry the fixth being
men, therefore not regimented as m
Jerfey. The dead, and Sir Richard HarUnfton Vice-Admiral
Land is high on the South, and declines to of England coming to Guernzey with a Squadron
the North, quite contrary to Jerfey-I of Ships, his affiflance was crav'd, and the Ca-
Things com- Both Iflands are adorn'd with many Gardens ttle (hardly otherwife to be recover'd) furren-
mon to jfer- and Orchards, which fupply them with an der'd for want of Provifion. But as to Stroz-
feyan&Guew artificial fort of Wine, made of Apples. Some zi's Galleys, their main defign feems to have
fa call it Sifera, we Sydre. The Inhabitants of been againfl fome Englifh Ships at anchor in
both are originally either Normans or Britons, the Road of that Ifland. Not fucceeding there-
and their Language is French ; yet they can- in, they failed to Jerfey, and there it was that
not endure to be thought or call'd French, but the Defcent was made, and that they were re-
are pleas'd when you call them Engliffi. In puls'd.l
both, Vrak is the- Fewel for firing, or Sea- As to Ecclefiaflical Affairs, they were fub- EcdefafUcal
coal brought to them from England ; Both a- ject to the Bifhop of Coutance in Normandy, un- Governmerit; '

bound with Fifli, and both have the fame form til he, * within our memory, refus'd to renounce * So (aid,
of Government (Varying a little, in fome Par- the Authority which the Pope claims in Eng-*™' l6 °7-
;

ticulars.! land, as our Bifhops do. Upon that, follow d

Both he- Thefe two Iflands, with the others in the a feparation and difmembring of them from
long' d to neighbourhood, belong'd once to Normandy. But the Diocefe of Coutance by Queen Elizabeth ;
Normandy.
after that Henry the firfl: King of England, had and they were annex'd to the Diocefe of Win-
in the year 1108 defeated his Brother Robert, chefter for ever ; fo that the Bifhop of Winche-
he annex'd both Normandy and thefe Iflands to fler and his Succeflbrs are to perform and exe-
the Crown of England ; and ever fince they cute all things here, which pertain to the Epif-
have Itedfaflly adher'd to England; even at that copal Jurifdiition. Neverthelefs, the DifcipHne
juncture when King John of England, being of the Church of Geneva having been intro-
convicted of the murther of his Nephew, was due'd by French Minifters, it * contiuu'd a Continues C.
by formal Sentence adjudged to have forfeited good while to be the Rule by which Church-
his right to Normandy, which he held as Vaf- Matters were directed. TBut to be fomewhat I| Are IUn,C
||

fal of the French King, and the whole Pro- more particular upon thefe heads. While thefe
vince fell off from him ; and alfo when after-Iflands went along with Normandy, they could
wards Henry the third King of England quitted not be more conveniently laid, than to the See
all claim to Normandy for a Sum of Money. of Coutance, which is nearefl to them. After
From, thence-forward they have with great they became Englifh, that Bifhop held his Ju-
conftancy, and much honour to themfelves, rifdiciion over them very precarioufly, not-
flood ever true to their Faith and Allegiance withftanding the famenefs of Religion. King
plighted to the Engliflo ; and are all that now John threaten'd to fubftract them, and annex
remains to the Kings of England, of their An- them to Exeter. Henry the feventh actually pro-
ceflor William the Conqueror's inheritance, and cured a Bull from Pope Alexander the fixth to
of the Dutchy of Normandy ; and that in de- unite them to Salisbury ; and then, changing his
fpight of all attempts made upon them by the mind as to the Diocefe, he got another from
French, to whom it has long been a great eye- the fame Pope to transfer them to Winchefler.
fore to have thefe Iflands in view of their Coaft, And the reafon recited in the Bull for obtaining
and fee them not in their's, but in the Englifh it, is the danger which might accrue to the
poneffion. TNor is it merely out of a Puncti- Iflands, by the French having accefs to them, and
lio of Honour, that the French fee with unea- vifiting them at pleafure, under pretence of a
finefs thefe Iflands fo near them under the Eng- fubjection to them in Spirituals. It is added
lifh Power. Their want of Harbours upon the in the Bull, that for a like reafon, Calais, then
Chanel, with which thefe Iflands would furnifh in the hands of the Engliflo, had been exempted
them, and the annoyance they receive from from it's Metropolitan the Archbifliop of Tours,
them in time of War by Privateering, are Rea- and laid to Canterbury. But however this Bull is
fons of great weight and force, to make them in Bifhop Langtons Regifler, it remain'd with-
wiflr themfelves Mailers of them. But the fame out execution. But when Religion came to
reafons muft ever oblige England, fo long as it be concern'd, the Subflraction was effectually
underflands it's Interelt, to hold them faft, and made by an Order of Council, in the year 1568,
to have a vigilant eye on their prefervation : the loth of Queen Elizabeth. As to the Dif-
not to fay, that the Fidelity of the Inhabitants cipHne before-mention'd, how undefignedly (o^
well deferves protection and defence.] ever it might be brought in at the firfl, the
Attempts of It appears from the Records of the King- means afterwards us'd to eftablifh it were
not
the French t<
dom, that in the Reign of Edtuard the fourth, fo warrantable ; of w hich a good account isr

recover them
* Jerfey ; but through the given by Dr. Heylin, and to him the Reader Survey of
* Guernsey, the French feiz'd
C. Valour of Richard Harlefton, J/aleB. oj the Crown, mult be referr'd. It prevailed in Jerjey until Guernsey xni
Soon dri- (as the Style ran in thofe days) they weref dri- the twenty firfl year of King James the firft j?^, Pol-
-J-

ven out> C, "™-

ven out again ; for which brave Action the King and in Guernzey, Aldemey, and Sark, until the
1

rewarded him with the Government of both the Reiteration of King Charles the fecond. At this
day,
 1517 On the Coaft of FRANC E. 1518
day, the Liturgy of the Church of England, priety in the Word, when he underftood, that,
translated into French, is receiv'd in all the bating the vafl difproportiou betwixt them and
Iflands ; there one Publick Congregati- the States of great Kingdoms, they truly had
nor is

Pariflies. on profeffing a diflent from it. The twelve what is mofi ellentiaf to fuch Ailemblies. Nor
Parifhes in Jerfey have each their Minifter, call'd did the Crown ever deny them the honour of
Rector ; no Pluralities being there allow'd. receiving Addrefles and Deputations from them
Four of the ten Parifhes in Guernsey being u- under that name. Thefe States conlifl of the
nited, that Ifland has but eight Miniflers ; and Bailly and Jurats, as the firil Body ; of the
Alderney has one ; and Sark another. This is Beneficed Clergy, that are Natives or natura-
meant only of fuch as have Inftitution ; for, be- liz'd, as the fecond ; and of the Reprefenta-
sides them, Afliftants are fometimes taken in, tives of the Parifhes, as the third ; with the

in the nature of Lecturers. In the two for- Governour, or his Lieutenant, infpecting their
mer Iflands, one of the Miniflers is Commiflary Debates, that nothing pafs in prejudice of the
to the Bifhop of IVinchefter, and is call'd the King's Service ; in which cafe he has a Nega-
Dean. Dean. He has a juriidiction, and keeps his tive upon them, till his Majefly's Pleafure be

Court; but the other Miniflers fit with him
in Judgment, and he takes their Opinion be-
fore he gives Sentence. The Churches gene-
rally are large and ftrongly built, with lofty
Towers or Spires of Stone, but fomewhat too
naked of Ornaments within ; which in great
known ; otherwife not. Briefly, the whole
Civil Polity of thefe Iflands is well framed,
and wifely conftituted, and bears withal fignal
Marks ot the indulgence and gentlenefs of the
Englifh Government/!
I need fay but little of Sark, Jethow, and Sark.

meafure is owing to the Difcipline that once Arne ; becaufe not mention'd in ancient Wri-
obtained bere.l ters : The firfl: a fmall Ifland, feated in the
Civil Go- As to the Civil Cuftoms and Conflitutions midft of all the reft, and moated round with
vernment. r
f tne e iflands, I might, by the help of our Rocks and Precipices, and by Queen Elizabeth
publick Records, mention fome of them here ; granted to J. (Philip de Carteret, Seigneur] de St.
as namely, That King 'John inftitutcd Twelve Oueti in Jerfey, who made a Settlement on it (to
fworn Coroners ; fnow better known by the the bettering, they fay, of his Eftat',) when be-
name of Jurats, and Juftices, of whom menti- fore the Ifland lay wafte ; the * Antiquity of* See below,
on -was made before, in Jerjcy,)~\ to hold the Pleas, which Gentleman's Family, fome, upon what
and prefewe the rights belonging to the Crown; and ground know not, carry up even beyond St.
I

granted, for the Security of the Jflanders, That the Ouens time The fecond, ferving the Governour
:
Tetliow.
vtfum,
£ a ji/y might thenceforward, with the * View and of Garnfey for a Park to fatten Cattle, and keep
Concurrence of the Coroners, 'Try Deer, Rabbits, and Pheafants in
Cai/fes, without The third, Arne. :

Writ of Novel Diileifin within the year, o/Mort- bigger than

this, having once a Houfe of Fran-

dancefter within the year, and of Dowry within cijeans on it. [Sark indeed, was not without a
the year, &c. That the Jurats ftiaU not delay name pretty early, on account of the Convent
Judgment beyond the year ; That in Cuftoms [or of St. Maglorim, a very ancient foundation here.
Duties upon Merchandize"! and in all other Af- This was a holy man, a Chriftian Briton, who,
fairs, the People of thefe Iflands fhall be treated w with many others, flying from before the pre-
Englishmen forth a-od not as foreigners. But vailing Heathen Saxons into Armorica, w as made r

I think it beft to leave thefe Matters to the Bifhop of Dol, and became the happy inflru-
more curious enquiry of others. In general ment of planting Chriftianity in thefe Iflands,
this may be faid, that the Norman Cuftoms, about the year 565. The Convent bearing his
Tor Laws! prevail here in mofl things. TFor name, and in which he himfelf is faid to have
the Body of the Norman Laws is call'd La Cou- fometime refided, was ftanding in the Reign
tume de Normandie. And this Cuftom of Nor- of Edward the third,and had a Penfion paid
mandy, as it flood pure and unalter'd, before to it yearly out of the Exchequer, As for the
that Dutchy was wrefled from England, is flill Ifland, the French laid hands having on it, and
the Law of thefe Iflands. King Johns Con- kept it a while, it was recover'd in Queen
flitutions, mentioned (in part) above, and the Mary's Reign ; yet fo, that after they were
Ordinances of Henry the feventh, and of other gone, it remain'd uninhabited. Left they
Englifh Kings, have been fuperadded fince. lliould return, and by their neighbourhood cre-
By means of all which, thefe Iflands enjoy ma- ate perpetual trouble to the other Iflands, Phi-
ny valuable Privileges and Immunities. For lip de Carteret, mention'd above, a worthy Gen-

inflance, That for any Matter or Caufe ariiing tleman, and of a publick Spirit, undertook to
within the Iflands, the Inhabitants fhall not place fuch a Colony in it as fhould keep out
be drawn into the Courts of Weftminfter, nor He got a Grant from Queen Eli-
the French.
fhall be obliged to obey any Writ or Procefs and the Ifland was made over to him
zabeth,
iflued out from thence ; That when the King and his heirs, to hold it of the Crown un-
fhall pleafe to fend over Commimoners ( as in der a fmall acknowledgment. And now, in
fome extraordinary Cafes has been done) fuch fhort, it is a very pretty ifland, tho' but two
Commiffioners fhall come w'ith no lefs Autho- miles long ; being well fupplied with good Wa-
rity than of his Broad Seal, fhall proceed ac- ter, and bearing excellent Corn, even more than
cording to the Laws and Cuftoms of the Iflands, the Inhabitants need for their ufe, who are in
and fhall have the Bailly and Jurats of the number about three hundred ; all, Tenants to
Place fitting and making conjunctive Records the Seigneur of St. Oam, and living happily
with them ; with other Privileges of the fame and eafily under him. It is by it's fituation
nature, of which it were too long to fpeak one of the flrongell places in the World, the
here. Land being vaflly high, and wholly unaccefli-
If ought occurs, which concerns the whole ble, except in two or three places, where yet
Community, the States are call'd to deliberate the Afcent is very fteep and difficult.There
about it. When Sir Edward Hyde, afterwards was no way for Draughts and Carriages from
the great and noble Earl of Clarendon, was in the Sea Therefore Philip de Carteret caufed
:

Jerfey, attendingon the Prince in that Tragi- one to be cut, with hands, through the over-
cal year 11548, he was furpriz'd to hear them hanging Cliff, going a while under-ground and
talk of calling the States, but found no impro- in the dark, and then rifing up within the
Ifland ;
 ;

i$ip The British Islands. i 520

Iiland much like the famous Paflage through Robert to the Conquefl of the Holy Land. Thv.Du Moulin.
;

Mount Paufilyppm near Naples ; and this ;more- name of Carteret is from a Seigneurie and Tract Hifl- ? s Nor -
over fecured by a Gate, and defended with of Land in Normandy, fo call'd to this day, 7"?^' "*'*
is
a n
Canon. As Aldemey, fo is this Ifland alfo a once poifefs'd by this Family, till loft for their ^
"

Dependence of Guernsey. For tho' here have adherence to England at the Revolution of that
been four Iflands accounted for, yet are there Dutchy under King John ; as on the other
no more than two Governments and Jurifdi- hand, divers Norman Gentlemen who had
ctions. Jerfey of it felf, is one ; Guernsey-, Al- Eflates in thefe Iflands, forfeited them for
demey, and Sark together, are the other. Je- transferring their Allegiance to France. Of
tho and Arm are not reckoned, as being in- later years, this Family hath been defervedly
eonfiderable ; they are neverthelefs of great ufe. raifed" to the Dignity of * Peers of England, * ,

See
as plac'd by nature, where they are, tor giving and now of Great Britain."]
flicker to the Road of Guernsey. As to the An-
Fkilip de Ca.
"tiquity afcribed to the family of Philip de Car- After thefe, upon the fame Coaif, appears
terei.
teret, as intimated above it is certainly very
•
1 Iiland, which Antoninus calls Liga ; and - -

Ll ea
great For, to go back from the year 1564, which it fliil retains in the prefent name Ligon.
:

when Philip de Carteret began his fettlement on Next to this, lie feven Iflands which Anto-
Sark, to the year 677, when St. Ouen Archbi- ninus calls Siaia from the number (for Saith in
fhop of Rouen died, it is no lefs than 887 Britifii lignifies feven) and the French at this
years. And yet there is extant an old Ma- day, Le jet IJles. Thefe I take to be corruptly
nufcript-Hiflory of 'Jerfey, brought down to call'd Hiadata: by Strabo ; from which he tells
the year 1585, written with as much appear- us it is not a days-fail to Britain. Seven fur-
ance of Truth and Sincerity ss any Hiflory longs from thefe Siada, lies Barfa, mentioned Barfa,
ever was, which tells us of fuch a Succeffion alfo by Antoninus : the French call it the JJle
of Seigneurs of St. Ouen, of the name of Car- de Bai, the Englifh Bafepole for bm in Britifh .-

teret, following one another from Father to fignifits fballow, and (0 the Sailors find the^,
Brltam.
Son in a direct Line, as will more than fill Sea here, when they found it. For it is hardly
up that fpace. Be that as it will, it is un- above feven or eight fathom deep ; whereas in
quuftionably a Family of great Antiquity, and other parts of the Coaft, they find twelve,
mentioned with honour in the Hiflory of eighteen, or twenty fathom water ; as we may
Normandy. For there the name of Rmaud de fee by their Hydrographical Charts. Between Where the
Carteret (lands upon the Lift with thofe of the thefe I/lands and Fay in Cornwall, they rind theBmifhSea is
Count d' Eu, and other diftinguiflied Noble- Britifii Sea very deep ; namely, fifty eight fa -deepert.
men and Chevaliers, who accompanied Duke thorn or thereabouts in the Chanel,

[The CASSlTERIDES, or SILLT

ISLANDS^
iROM hence I will fet fail for
our own Coaft of Britain. As
we fleer along the Shore, after Arpvaoi v<x,ivcnv ctyxu&jy Trails Ij3wpwc.
we have pafs d Idefton, Moufe-
hole, and Long fhips (which are
rather infamous Rocks, than Which Prifcian tranflates
thus :
Iflands,) we come within fight
Lifia. of Antoninus's Lifia, at the very utmoft point Sed fumman contra Sacram, cogmmine dicunt* Sacrum pro.
Scilly.
- of Cornwall ; which is call'd by the People Quam caput Europe, funt fianni pondere plena mantmum.
The Gulf Li-
by tranf- thereabouts Letl'owfow,
and by others the Gulfe ;
Hefperides, populm tenuh qua: fonts Iberi.
fia
pohil makes and is only vifible at low water. This I take
Silia, to be that which the Antients call'd Lifia ; be-
caufe Lis (as I have heard) fignifies the verj Th* Hefperides along the Ocean fpread
fame in Britifh. For Lifo implies a great found With Mines of Tin and wealthy Hills a-
and roaring, like that which is made by Whirl- bound
pools ; and from this place the tide prefles And flout Iberians till the fertile ground.
both to north and eaft with great noife and
violence, being flreighten'd between Cornwall
and thofe Iflands which Antoninus calls Sigde- Feflus Avienus calls them the Ofirymnides, in
les, Sulpitius Silling, Solinus Silures, the Englifh his Poem De oris Maritimis, or the Sea-coafls
;
Silly, the Dutch Seamen Sorlings, and the ancient wherein he has thefe Verfes, according to the
Greeks Hefperides and Caffiterides. For Diony- Paris-edition, and the Notes on them :

fius Alcxandrinus calls them Hefperides ( from

their weilern fituation) in thofe Verfes :

In quo infulxffe exerunt Oeftrymnidts,

Laxe jacentes, &metalio divites
— '
'•AuTap VET etitpuv
Stanni atqtie plumbi : nmlta vk hie gentis
eft,

Superbm animus, efficax folertiat

X go
 ; ;

1 52] The ISLES of SILLY. 1522

Negottandi euro, jugis omnibm 'fen Iflands lying clofe to one another, in the north.
Wort «/"jot * Nolufque cumbis turbidum late /return Now, considering that thefe Ifles of Silly are
avibus, we Et belluofi gurgitem Occam fecant ; oppofite to the Artabri, i. e. Gallitia, in Spain ;
ead in the
of Pa-
totes
Non hi carinas quippe pinu texere that they ftand dire&ly north of them ; that
Facere morem noil abiete, ut nfm efl, they lie in the fame Climate with Britain j
Curvant pbafeSo : fed ret ad miraculum that they face Celtiberia
; that the Sea is much
Navigia junBis femper aptant pellibm, broader between them and Spain than be-
Corioque vafium fepe percurrunt falem. tween them and Britain ; that they lie juft
upon the Iberian Sea, and clofe to one another,
northward ; that there are only ten of any note,
Where the wide Ifles Oefirynrnides are feen, juia. St. Maries, Annoth, Agnes, Sampfon, Silly,
Enrich 'd with deepefl: veins of Lead and Brefar, Rufco or Trefcaw, St. Helens, St, Martins,
Tin. and Arthur ; again, considering, what is far
Stout are the Natives, and untara'd in more material, that they have veins of Tinn as
war, no other Ifle in thefe parts has ; and laftly,
Gain is their ftudy, Trade their only- that two of the lefler fort, Minan-Witham and
care. Minuififand, feem to derive their names from
Yet not in Ships they try the watry road, Mines: From fo many concurring teflimonies,
And rouze the fhapelefs Monfters of the I fhould rather conclude thefe to be the Caffi-
flood: terides,than either the Azores which lie too
For neither Gallics of the lofty pine far weftward, or Cifarga (with Olivarius) which
They know to frame, nor weaker maple in a manner joins to Spain ; or even Britain
join it felt, with Ortelius ; fince there were many
In {hallow barks : but skins to skins they- of the Caffiterides; and Dionyfius Alexandrinus,
few a after he has treated of the Caffiterides, gives a
Secure in thefe to fartheft: parts they go, ^ feparate account of Britain.
And pathkfs Seas with keels of leather ^ If any deny thefe to be the Caffiterides, be-
plow- caufe there are more than ten ; let him alfo rec-
kon the Habudes, and the Orcades and if at .-

the foot of his account he find the number of

Such alfo were us'd in this Sea in the year the Hxbudes * more or lefs than five ; and of* Neither
014, For we read of certain pious men tranf- Orcades, than thirty, as Ptolemy reckons more, CSV. C.
portcd from Ireland into Cornwal, in a Carab them j let him inquire for them in fome other
of Caroch, which was made of two hides and place, than where they are generally fuppos'd
an half. Thus alfo the fame Avienus fpeaks of to be, and I am pretty fure he will never find
thefe Iflands, afterwards: them by f^oing this way to work. For the
truth is, the ancient writers had no more cer-

tainty concerning thefe remote Parts and Iflands,

Tartefiifque in terminos Oeftrymnidtan than we have or the Iflands in the Streights of
Negotiandi mos erat, Carthagink Magellan, and the Country of New Gitiney.
Etiam colonis, •

It is not to be thought flrange, that Hero-

dotus knew nothing of them ; for he freely
confefk'S, that he had no certain knowledge of
Oft the Tarteffians, thro' the well known the more remote parts of Europe. Yet Lead
Seas, was firfl: tranfported from this Ifland into
Would fail for traffick to th' Oeftrymnides Greece. Lead (lays Pliny,) was firfl brought hi- L. 8. D: Rer*
And Carthaginians too. - -
ther from the Ifle of Caffiteris, by Midacritm. But inventor.'
concerning this matter, let us hear Strabo, to-
wards the end of the third Book of his Geogra-
Other Greek writers call'd thefe the Caffite- phy. The Ifles of Caffiterides are ten in number, clofe
rides, from their Time .- as Strabo calls a certain to one another, and fituate in the main Ocean to the
place among the Drangi in Afia, Caffiteron, for north of the Port of the Artabri. One of them
the fame reafon ; and Stephanus in his Book de is defert and unpeopled, the reft are inhabited. The
Vrbibm obferves from Dionyfius, that a certain People wear black cloaths and coats reaching down to
Ifland in the Indian Sea was call'd Caffitera, from their ankles, and girt about the breafl, with a
ftaff
Tinne. As for Mitlis, which Pliny (upon the in their hand, like the Furies in Tragedies. They
Intrerfum a authority of Timscus) fays is fix days fail, * in live by Cattle, and fir aggie up and down without any
Briianai«. ward, from Britain, and produces white Lead certain dwelling. They have Mines both of Tin and
I dare not fay it was one of thefe. Yet I am Lead ; which Commodities, as alfo Skins, they ex-
aware, that the learned Hermolam Barbarm found change to the Merchants for earthen Veffels, Salt,
fome Manufcripts that have it Mitten's for Mi- and | Inflruments of Brafs. At firfl, the Phamici-x^,, t
Bis, and thereupon would read it Cartiteris. ans only traded hither from Gades ; concealing thefe
However, I may (from the authority of the Voyages from others. The Romans, to find the place
Ancients, from the (ituation, and from their where they drove this trade, employ d one to watch
veins of Tinn) warrant thefe to be the very the mafler of a Veffel ; but he run his Ship upon a
Caffiterides, fo much fought for. Over-againfl fhallow out of fpight, and after he had brought them
the Artabri, who are oppofite to the -weft parts of Bri- into the fame danger, efcap'd himfelf, and receivd
tain, fays Strabo, and north of them, lie thofe Iflands the value of his Cargo out common
of the treafury,
which they call Caffiterides, fituate in effeB in the by way of recompence. Hvwever, the Romans by
fame Climate with Britain. Thusalfo in another many attempts, did at lafl
find out this Trade. Af-
place. "The Sea is much wider between Spain and terwards, Publius Craflus having fail'd thither,
the Caffiterides, than between the Caffiterides and andfeen them work thefe Mines which were not very
Britain. The Caffiterides/^? the coafl of Celtibe- deep and that the ; people lov'd Peace, and at their
ria, faith Solinus. Diodorus Siculus, In thofe leifure Navigation alfo .-
inflrutled them how to
Iflands next the Iberian Sea, call'd from the Tinn, carry on tho' the Sea they had
it ; to crofs, was wider
Caffiterides. Euftathius, The Caffiterides are than that between it and Britain.
9 G But

M
 1523 The British Islands. 1524.
Silly. But now concerning Silly, About a hundred flrongly infpir d, that they can raife the Sea or the
and forty five Iflands go by the name of Silly, Winds with their Songs, can transform
themfelves
all clad with grafs, and cover'd with greenifh into what Creatures they
pleafe, cure Dijlempers that
inofs ; befides many hideous rocks and huge are beyond the still of others, and know
andforetel
Stones above water, plac'd in a kind of circle what is to come, &c. Beneath thefe, there
lie
eight leagues from the utmoft Promontory of other Iflands, viz.. IJles aux Motions,
near Pen-
Cornwal. Some of them afford good plenty of Marc, that is, the Horfe-head ; Gleran, over-
Corn ; and all are flock *d with Rabbits, Cranes, againft: old Blavia (now Blavet ; ) Grois and Beile-
Swans, Herons, and Sea-fowl. The largeft is Ifle, which Pliny calls Venetha. For they lie over- VmtiI,fuU
that which takes its name from St. Mary3 when agai nil the Vttteti in little Bretagne, and might
per- Vcuetics.
is a Caftle and a Garrifon. T'hefe are the ljlands_ haps take that name from their being
Fijhermen .
which (as Solinus fays) are fever d from the eoafl for fo Venna feems to fignifie in the language
of
of the Danmonii by a rough narrow Sea
of two 0: the old Gauls. Strabo takes thefe to have been
three hours fail ',
the Inhabitants
whereof live accor- the AiKeftors of the Venetians in Italy and
; fays
ding to the old methods. have no Markets, no. alfo, that they defign'd to engage Ca:far
"They
by
does money pafs among them they give and take Sea, when he was about to
;
make his ex-
one thing for another, and provide necejfaries rather pedition into Britain. Some, from Dionyjius
by exchange than price, 'They are very Religious. Afer, call thefe Infulz Veneticx, Nefides ; where- Vefda.
All, both men and women, pretend to the art of Di- as in the Greek Copy we find Va ""'. '""
Euftathius, out of Strabo, calls the that is, a TraEl
it NWittoi ™&,
vination.
of Iflands. Of which, Prifcian ^t'rPi
People Mdanchlani, becaufe they wore long black from him, writes thus :
as Heigariut
Coats as low as their ankle. Sardus was per- fays.
fwaded, that they liv'd till they were weary of
life : for they threw themfelves from a rock Nee fpatio diflant Nefjidum littora longe,
into the Sea, in hopes ot a better life ; which In quibm uxores * Amnitum Bacchica facra
was certainly the Opinion of the Britifh Dru- Concelebrant hedera folds, teciaque corymbis.
ids. Hither the Roman Emperors us'd to fend Nonfic Biftonides Abfinthi ad fiumina
fuch as were condemn'd to the Mines. For Thraces,
Maximus the Emperor, having pafs'd Sentence Exertis celebrant clamoribm H&ytuvlw.
Sulpiiius Se- of death upon VrifciUanm for Herefie, comman-
vcrus. ded Inftantius, a Bifhop of Spain, and Tibe-
rianus, to be tranfported into the Silly-Iflands, Here the Nefftdes fhew their neighbouring ~
their goods being firfl confifcate So alfo Marcus fhore,
:
a
the Emperor banifh'd one (for pretending to pro- Where Samnite Wives at facred Orgies V,
phefie at the time of the infurrection of Cafli- roar, If
us, and toretel things to come, as if he were With Ivy-leaves and berries cover'd o'er. 3
infpir'd,) into this Ifland, as fomc imagin, who Not with fuch cries the wild Biftonian
would read Sylia Infula for Syria Infula, finci dames,
Geographers know no fuch Ifland as Syria. This Near fair Abfinthm fill the 'Thracian ftreams.'
Relegation, or TYanfportation to foreign Iflands.
was one kind of banifhmentin thofe days; and
uip.Hb.j. it the Governours of Provinces could baniih in This is alfo exprefs'd in Feflus Avienus,
Matkemati- this manner, in cafe their Province had any
c "'
Iflands appertaining to it ; if not, they wrote Hinc fpumofus item ponti liquor explicat aflumt
to the Emperor to affign fome Ifland for the Et brevis e pelago vortex fubit : hie chorm
Relegation. Relegation of the condemn'd Party. Neither ingens
was it lawful to remove the body of the party Fceminei coitus pulchri colit Orgia Bacchiy
thus exil'd, to any other place for burial, with- Producit noclem ludm facer : aera pulfanl +
out fpecial Licence from the Emperor. Vocibm, &
crebris late fola calcibm urgent.
We meet with nothing of thefe Iflands, not Nonfic Abfynthi prope fiumina Tbraces, &
fo much as the name, in the writers of the alma
middle-age ; but only that King Athelftan con- Biflonides, non qua celeri ruit agmine Ganges,
quer'd them, and after his return built tht Indorum populi ftata curant fefla Lyao,
V. CcrnvraUi Church of St. Beriana or Buriena, in the utmoft
p. II, 12. Promontory of Britain welhvard, where he
landed. Hence conftant tides the foaming deep
Over-againft thefe on the Coaft of France, fupplies,
juft before the Ofiffimi or Britannia Armorka, And noify Whirlpools on the Surface rife.
lies the Ifland which Pliny calls Axantos, and Here a great quire of Dames by cuflom 1
which retains the fame name, being now call'd meet, a
UJhant.
Ufhant. Antoninus calls it Uxantijfena, which And Bacchm Orgies every year repeat. 5
is a compound of the two names Uxantis, and And fpend in facred Rites the joyful 4
Sena. For this laft is an Ifland fomewhat lower, night. -
which is now call'd Sayn, over-againft Breft ; in Through all the air their tuneful voices
SiambU. fome Copies it is call'd Siambis, and corruptly found,
by Pliny Sonnos ; which, from eaft to weft, Their nimble feet falute the trembling
for feven miles together, is encompafs'd with ground.
Rocks rather than Iflands, very clofe to one Not in fuch troops Biflonian Matrons croud ")
another. As for this Sayn, take what Pompo- To the great Feafl at fam'd Abfinthm flood: S
The Marl.
nius Mela has faid of it. Sena, Jituate in the Nor fo the Indians praife their drunken God. J
ners (all i:

the Seam, Britifh Sea, over-againfl the Coafl of the Ofiflimi,

is famopti for the Oracle of a French God, wbofe
Priejlsare faid to be nine in number, all under a Now, that Belle-Ifle is one of thefe Neflida,
Vow of perpetual Virginity, 'the French call them Strabo's authority, grounded upon the relations
Zenx or Lena: (for fo I rather read it, with Tur- of others, is a fuiEcient proof. For it lies be-
ncbuSj than Gallkena ; ) and they think them fo fore the mouth of the river Loire ; and Ptolemy
places
 525
The ISLES of S1 L LT. 1$26
places the Sammtes on the Coaft, of France, over- theft Goddeffes after the fame manner as they do in
againft it. For thus Strabo. They fay there is a Samothracia.
fmall Ifland in the Ocean but not very jar in, over Since Mela himfelf a Spaniard)^ (who was
2,
againji the mouth of the Loir. It is inhabited b) makes the Britifh Sea to reach as far as
the Coaft
the Wives of the Samnites, who are infpir'd by of Spain and the Pyrenees ; it would fall within
Bacchm, and worfhip him with Ceremonies and Sa- the compafs of my defign to treat of Nonnonftier,
crifices- No men are fuffer'd to come hither ; but L'ifle de Dieu, and L'ifie de Rey likewife ; which
the Women take boat, and after they have lain with are famous for their More of Bay Salt ; but the
their hmbands, return into the Ifland. It is alfo a bare mention of them is fufficient, fince they
cuftont here, to take off the roof of their Tempi* are not taken notice bf by the ancient Geogra-
every year, and to cover it again the fame day be- phers.
fore Sun-fet ; every one of the "women being obligd The next Ifland to this, now known by the
to bring in a burden to it ',
and whoever lets her name of Oleron (but call'd Uliarm in Pliny) lies,
ol
burden fall, is torn in pieces by the They ne- as he fays, in the Bay of Aquitain, at
reft.
th&Ulim
ver give over gathering the pieces dropt in carrying-, mouth of
the river Charonton, now Charente, and
till their fit of Frenzy is over. It endowed with many Privileges by the
always happens, was
that one or other is thm torn in piece*, for letting he. Kings of England, when Dukes
of Aquitain.
burden fall- Thus did the Ancients, in treating ot In thofe days, it was fo eminent for Shipping
the more remote parts of the World, give them- and naval Strength, that Laws were
made in
felves over to Lies and Fables. But he tells us it for the regulation of thefe Seas in the year
:

That as for thofe things which are [aid of Ceres and i i66 y as there were in Rhodes heretofore
for the
Proferpine, they are more probable. Fur the report government of the Mediterranean.
Is, that in an Ifland near Britain, they facrifice to

[The CONCLUSION.!
V N G now
£§K|MP
^ AWork I
fomany
(through
brought this
Shelves
Old Time moves
no ftay,
flowly, though he knows
of the Ocean and rugged Rocks
And deals our Voices as he creeps away.
of Antiquity,) fate into the
Unfecn himfelf, he hides from mortal view
Harbour : Nothing now re-
Things that are feen, and Things unfeen
mains, but that, like the Ma-
does fhew.
riners of old, who us'd to de-

dicate their tatter'd Sails-, or a votive Plank, to

Neptune, I alfo confecrate fomething to the
However, I comfort my felf with that Di-
Venerable Antiquity *. A
*„.{.,„, a Almighty, and to ftich of Mimnermm, which I know by
experi-
mrar, the Hi. Vow, which I
moil willingly make ; and which, ence
to be ttue :

flcrf-L, Mart, by the bleffing of God,

I hope to difcharge in
which he Tet- ^ ue t im e.In the mean while, let me defire
tied in ° % ~
the Reader to confider, that through this whole
S„i.
Work I have been ftruggling with that mali-
"Xhjj tr'cu/r? tyivec. timre,
3 otAitos. dWWav
AMos 71s ere yf^jias ccM©. <zpeiyQi> gp«.
cious and devouring Enemy, 'Time ; of which
the Greek Poet has this admirable pafl'age,

Oblecles animum, flebs eft morofa legendo,

"'AojoAe'&is tpe'pgTcu -mAt'©- 5 >'©J> a-foa.

We bene de te dket, at He male.
%p
'Ztxptpmctw,

E'en reft contented ; for thoul't ever find,

Thy Labouts fome will blame, and
fome
Kal pi (fiuKt&l-KS, m fareeP' <tSPf h m - commend.

THE
APPENDIX
I. Annals of IRELAND.
II. Hiftory of the O-NEALS, and
their Rebellions in Ireland.

III. Chronicle of the Kings of MAN.

 THE

PREFACE T O T H E

Annals of Ireland.
HEN the Prefs had * thus far, the Right honourable William Lord* To the end
got
Howard ofNaworth, out of hisgreat Zeal for promoting the Knowledge of Anti- of'the Delcn-"
re
quity, communicated to me the Annals of Ireland in Manufcript, from the ^j-j^"
°

I 152. to the Tear 1370. And feeing there is nothing extant, that I know of that
is more* perfeti in the kind,Jince Giraldus Cambrenlis ; feeing alfo that the excellent

Owner has given me leave; I think it very proper to publifl) them. 'The World is t

without doubt, as much indebted to the noble Owner for preferring them, as to the
Author for writing them. The Stile is rough and barren, according to the Age it
was written in ', yet the Contents give great Light into the Irijh Hi/lory, and would
have been helpful to me, if they had come to my hands fooner. As they are, I here prefent them to the Rea-
der, faithfully copy d from the Original, even with the Errors. If he. has any thing of this nature more
perfeti, he will be fo kind to communicate it ; if not, he muft be content with this, till Jbme one or other
will give us a more compkat account of thefe Affairs, and continue it to the prefent Time with greater
elegance ; a Work that would not cofl very much pains.

\ See the De- [Note, In this Edition, the word f Dominus, -which in the former was for the moil part tran-
gree 5 of Eng- flated Sir, is now translated Lord molt of the perfons to whom that title is given, having
;

land, p. been probably either of the greater Nobility, or of the lefler fort of Barons or Lords and ;

ecxlvii.
not Knights. Therefore the word Sir is not prefix'd to any name as the translation of the
Latin Dominus but only where the perfon is exprefly faid to have been a Knight.']
;

THE
ANNALS of IRELAND.
5
N the Year of our Lord employed in a foreign expedition, carry d a-
MCLXII. died Gregory, the way his Wife, who fufter'd her {elf to be ra-

firft Archbifhop of Dublin, vifh'd with no great difficulty; for fhe hef
a worthy Perfon in all re- felf contriv'd it, as we find in Cambrenfis.

fpeds ; and was fucceeded by MCLXVIII. Donate King of Uriel, foun-

S. Laurence Thothil, Abbot der of Mellifont Abby, departed this Life.
of S. Kemnus de Glindclagh. This Year, Robert Fitz Stephens, neither un-
Thomas is made Archbifhop of Canterbury. mindful of his promife, nor regardlefs of his
MCLXVI. Rothericke OConghir, Prince faith, came into Ireland with thirty * Knights.* Milhibuu

of Conaught, was made King and Monarch oi MCLXIX. Richard Earl of Strogul fent be-
Ireland. fore him into Ireland, a certain young Gentle-
MCLXVII. died Maud the Ernprefs. This man of his own Family, nam'd Remund, with
Year Almarick King of Jerufalem took Baby- ten Knights, about the Kalends of May. The
lon ; and Dermic Mac Morrogh Prince of fame Earl Richard, this Year, attended with
Leiniter, -while O
Rork King of Moth was about 200 Knights, and others to the number ill
of
 ;
: d

The JNNALS of IRELAND.

of a thoufand or thereabouts, arriv'd here on Stephens, and the fourteenth fince the coming
S. Bartholomew's eve.. This Richard was the of Earl Richard ; and return'd again in the
fon of Gilbert Earl of Stroghul (that is, Chip- fame fifteenth year.

-f
and or lfabel, | Aunt
Materttr*. pe/iow > formerly Strogul)
MCLXXX VI. was confirm'd the Order of
by the Mother's fide to King Malcolm and tht> Carthulians, and the Grandians. This
William King of Scotland, and Earl David a year, Hugh Lacy was kill'd trer.cherouily by
hopeful young man; and, the morrow after an Irifhman at Dervath, beCaufe the faid
the fame Apoflle, they took the faid City Hugh intended to build a Caflle there ; and
where Eva, Daughter of Dermick, was law- as he was (hewing and Irifhman how to work

fully marry 'd to Earl Richard, and her Father with a Pick-ax, and bow'd his head forward,
gave her. refting on both his hands, the Irifhman ft ruck
MCLXX. S.Thomas Becker, Archbifhop off his Head with an Axe ; and there the Con-

of Canterbury, fuffer'd martyrdom. This fame queit ended. The fame year, Cbrifh'an Biiliop
year, the City of Dublin was taken by Earl of Lifmore (formerly Legat ot Ireland, who
Richard, and his party ; and the Abby de Ca- copy'd thofe virtues which he had f ecu in, and
firo Dei, i. e. of God's Caflle, was founded.
heard from, his holy Father St. Bernard, and
MCLXXI. died Dermick Mac Morrah, at; Pope Eugeuius, a venerable per foil, with whom
a great age, at Fernyj, about the Kalends of lie liv'd in the Probatory of QartVal, and by
May- whom he was made Legat ot Ireland,) alter
MCLXXII. The Valiant King Henry ar- his Obedience perform d in the Monaftery of

rival at Waterford with 500 Knights; and, a- Kyrieleyfon, departed this Life. Jerufalem,
* Dmittus, mong other things, beftow'd Meth upon * Sir and our Lord's Crois, was taken by the Sultan
Hugh Lacy. The Abby de Fonts vivo was foun- and the Saracens and many Chriflians flain.
;

ded this year. MCLXXXV1I. On the Kalends of July,

MCLXX1V. Gclalius Archbifhop of Ar- the Abby of Ynes in Ulfter was founded.
magh, the firfl Primate of Ireland, a pious MCLXXXIX. K. Henry, Son of the Em-
man, died at a great age. He is faid to have prels, departed this Lite, and was fucceeded

been the firit Archbifhop that wore the Pall by his Son Richard, and buried in Font Evrard.
His Predecellors were only titular Archbifliops This fame year, was founded the Abby de
and Primates, in reverence and honour to S. Colle Victoria?, i. e. Cnokmoy.
Patrick, the Apoftle of this Nation whofe See ;
MCXC. King Richard and King Philip
was had in fo much Veneration by all, that made a Voyage to the Holy Land.
not only Bifhops and Priefts, and thofe of the MCXC1.
In the Monaftery of CUreval, the
Clergy, fubmitted themselves to this Bifhop, Transition of Malachy, Bifhop ot Armagh,
but all the Kings and Princes. Gilbert, a Pre- was celebrated with great folemnity.
late of great worth, fucceeded him in the Arch- MCXC1I. The City of Dublin was burnt.
bifhop rick. MCXCHl. Richard, King of England, in
MCLXX V- William King of Scots was ta- his return from the Holy Land, was taken
ken Prifoner at Alnwick. Prifoner by the Duke of Auftria, and paid the
MCLXXVI. Bertram de Verdon founded Emperor 100000 Marks for his Ranfom, be-
the Abby of Crokifdennc. 30000 to the Emprefs, and 20000 to the
fides
MCLXX VII. Ear! Richard dy'd at Dublin Duke, f upon an Obligation, made to them, f pre o&ljgfr
about the Kalends of May, and was buried in in behalf of Henry Duke of Saxony. He was tione qmm
Trinity-Church there. This year, Vivian detain'd in Prifon by the Emperor, a year, fix/" e "fa* 5"
c neQ 1

Presbyter Cardinal of S. Stephen in monte Callio, montlis, and three days; almoft all the Chali-*
was lent Legat of the Apoilolick See into Ire- ces throughout England were fold for his ran-
land, by Pope Alexander. - fom. This year was founded the Abby De
MCLXXVIII. On the ninth of the Ka- yit%o Dei.

lends of December, the Abby of Samaria was MCXCIV. The Pveliques of S. Malachy,
founded. This fame year Rofc-Vale, that is, Bifhop of Clarevai, were brought into Ireland,
Rojfglaj}, was founded. and receiv'd with great honour, in the Mona-
MCLXXIX. Miles Cogan, and Ralph the ftery of Mellifont, and the other Monasteries

fon of Fitz-Stephen, his Son-in-law, were (Tain of the Ciflcrcians.

between Waterford, and Lifmore, &c. as we MCXCV. Matthew Archbifhop of Caffil
read in Cambrenfis. The fame year, Harvie Legat of Ireland, and John Archbifhop of
Mont-Marifh enter'd into the Monaftery of Dublin, took the Corps of Hugh Lacy who
S. Trinity in Canterbury ; who founded the conquer'd Meth, from the Irifh and inter' ;

Monaftery of S. Mary de Portu, i. e. of Don it with great folemnity in the Monaftery ot

Broth. Betty, or Blejfednefs •

but the Head of the 'faid

MCLXXX. was founded the Abby of the Hugh was hid in S. Thomas's Monaftery in
Quire of St. and nlfo the Abby of Dublin.
Benedict ;

Geripount. This year, Laurence Archbifhop MCXCVIII. The Order of the Friers Pre-
of Dublin, on the eighteenth of the Kalends dicants was begun about Toloufe, being found-
of December, was bury'd in Normandy in the ed by Dominick II.
Church of S. Mary of Aux. To him, fucceed- MCXCIX. died Richard King of England,
ed John Cumin, an Englifhman, born at Eve- and was fucceeded by his Brother John, who
fham, and elected unanimoufly by the Clergy was Lord of Ireland and Earl of Mon'ton :

of Dublin (the King himfelf foliating for him) which John flew Arthur the lawful Heir, Son
and was confirm'd by the Pope. This John, of Geffrey, his Brother.
afterwards, built S. Patrick's Church at Dublin. The death of Richard was after this man-
MCLXXX1II. was confirm'd the Order of ner. When King Richard befieg'd the Caftle
his
the Templers and Hofpitallers ; and the Abby of Chaluz in Little Bretagn, he receiv'd
De Lege Dei was founded. mortal Wound by an Arrow, that was fhot by
MCLXXXV. John, the King's Son, made one of thofe in the Cattle, nam'd Bertram de
Lord of Ireland by his father, came into Ire- Gourdon. As foon as the King found there
land, in the twelfth year ot his age which ; was no hope of Life, he committed his King-
was the thirteenth fince his father's firfl com- dom of England and all his other Poflefiions,
ing, the fifteenth fince the arrival of Fit-z- to the Cuftody of his Brother. All his Jewels
and
 ; ]

The ANNALS of IRELAND,

and the fourth part of his Treafure he be- dom. The fame year, was founded the houfe
queathed to his Nephew Otho. Another fourth of Canons of S. Marie of Connai, by the Lord
part of his Treafure he left to be diftributed Meiler Fitz-Henry.
among his Servants and the poor People. When MCCIII. The Abby of S. Saviour, i. e. Do-
Bertram was taken and brought before the wisky, which was founded before, was finifhed
King, he ask'd him for what injury he had in this Year and the next.
kiJl'd him ? Bertram, not at all difmay'd, told MCCIV. A Battle was fought between John
him, Thou haft kill'd my Father and two of Courcy firft Earl of Ulfter and Hugh Lacy, at
my Brothers with thy own Hand, and didft Doune, with great ilaughter on both lides. Yet
intend to do the fame with me take therefore John Courcy had the Victory.
: Afterwards, on
what Revenge thou pleafeft, I care not, lince the fixth day of the Weekj being Good-Friday,
thou art kill'd who haft done fo much mifchief as the faid John was unarmed and going in Pil-
in the World. The King pardon 'd him, and grimage barefoot and in a linnen Veftment, to
order'd him to be fet at liberty, and to have the Churches, according to cuftom, he was
ioo Shillings Sterling given him. Yet after treacheroufly taken Prifoner by his own People^
the King's death, fome of the King's Officers for a fum of Money, part in hand, and part
flea'd, and hang'd him. The King died on promis'd to be paid afterwards and was de- ;

the eighteenth of the Ides of April, which liver'd to Hugh Lacy, who brought him to the
happen'd to be the fourth day before Palm- King of England, and receiv'd the Earldom ot
lunday, and the eleventh day after he was Ulfter, and the Seignory of Conaught upon
wounded. He was buried at Font Eberard, that account, both belonging to John Courcy.
at the feet of his Father. A certain Verfifica- Hugh Lacy being made Earl, rewarded the faid
Lor writ this Diftich upon his death, treacherous Perions with Gold and Silver, tho*
much lefs ; but hang'd them as foon as he had
Jfiim in morte permit Formica Leonem, done, and feis'd all theiir Goods by this :

Prob dolor! in tantojunere mundus obit. means, Hugh Lacy rules in Ulfter, and John
Courcy is condemn'd to perpetual Imprifon-
An Ant a Lyon flew, when Richard fell menr, for his former Rebellion againft King
And his muft be the World's great Fu- John, refufing to do him homage, and accufing
neral. him of the death of Arthur, the lawful and
right Heir to the Crown. While the Earl was
His Corps were divided into three Parts in Prifon and in great Poverty, having but a
:

Whence this, of another Poet, fmall allowance of Provifions, and the fame
mean and coarfe j he faid, God, why doff, O
Vifcera Carceolum, Corpus Fomfervat Fbrardi, thou deal thus with me, who have built and
Et cor Rothomagum, magne Rkharde, tnum. repair'd fo many Monasteries tor thee and thy
Saints? After many forrowful Expostulations
Great Richard's Body's at Fontevrault of this kind, he afleep, and the Holy Tri-
fell

fliown, nity appear'd to him, faying, Why haft thou

His Bowels at Chalons, his Head at Roan. caft me out of my own
Seat, and out of the
Church of Doun, and plac'd there my S. Pa-
After the death of King Richard, his Bro- trick the Patron of Ireland ? For John Courcy

ther John was girt by the Archbifhop ot Roan had xp:.'ll'd the Secular Canons out of the Ca-
i

with the Sword of the Dukedom of Norman- thedral Church of Doun, and introduc'd the
dy, on the feventh of the Kalends of May next bkck Monks of Chefter in rhtir room. And
following :The Archbifhop put a Ducal Co- the Holy Trinity ftood there upon a ftately y /„ fe £e ma
||
^
ronet fet round with golden Rofes upon his Shrine, and John himfeif took it down out oinitudinis.
Head. Afterwards, on the fixth of the Ka- the Church, and order'd a Chapel to be built
lends of June, be was anointed and crown'd for it^ up the Image of S. Patrick in the
fetting
King of England, in S. Peter's Church Weft- great Church which difpleas'd the moft-high
;

minfter, upon Afcenfion-day, being attended God: Wherefore he told him Afmre thy felf, ;

with all the Nobility of England. Afterwards, thou fhalt never fet foot iri thy Seignory again ;

he was fummon'd to a Parliament in France to but in regard ot other good Deeds thou haft
anfwer for the death of his Nephew Arthur, done, thou fhalt be deliver'd out of Prifon
and was depriv'd of Normandy, becaufe he with Honour ; wh'ch happen'd accordingly.
came not accordingly. The fame Year, was For a Controverfy arifing between John King
founded the Abby of Commerer. of England and the King of France about a
MCC. Cathol Cronerg, King of Conaught, Lordfhip and certain Caftles, the King of
founder of the Abby De CoUe Victoria:, is ex- France offer'd to try his right by a Champion,
pell'd Conaught. This Year the Monaftery Upon this, the King call'd to mind his valiant
De Voto was founded (that is, Tyntcrn Mo- Knight John Courcy, whom he caft in Prifon
naftery) by William Marfhall Earl Marihal, upon the information of others fo he fent for ;

and of Pcmbroch, who was Lord of Leinfler, him, and ask'd him if he were able to ferve him
viz,, of four Counties, Weisford, OfTory, Ca- in this Combat ? John anfwer'd, He would not
terlagh and Kildare, in right of his Wife he fight for him, but for the Right of the King-
:

marry'd the daughter of Richard Earl of Strog- dom he would ; which he undertook to do
hul and of Eve the daughter of Dermic Mur- afterwards And fo, refrefh'd him'felf with
:

card. This William Earl Marihal being in Meat, Drink and Bathing in the mean while,
Shipwreck a f night and a day, and recover'd his Strength. Whereupon, a day
+ Die nodwj' gr eat danger of
made a Vow, That if he efcap'd and came to was appointed for the Engagement of thofe
Land,'- he would found a Monaftery, and dedi- Champions, namely, John Courcy and the o-
cate it to Chrift and the Virgin Mary : So, as ther. But as foon as the Champion of France
foon as he arriv'd at Weysford, he founded this heard of his mighty f Stomach, and Valour,^ comeftleriz,
Monaftery of Tynterne according to his Vow, he refus'd the Combat, and the Cud Seignory
arid it is nam'd De Voto. This year alfo was was given to the King of England. The King
founded the Monaftery de Flumine Dei. of France then defir'd to fee a Blow of the faid
MCCII. Cathol Cronerg, or Crorobdyr Courcy. Whereupon, he fet a ftrong Helmet ** pienam
King of Conaught, was reftor'd to his King- full of Mails upon a large Block and the faid^if's. ;

[ b John
 ;

The JNNJLSoj IRELAND.

John took his fword, and, after he had look'd Scorche-Vilieyn given him by his Tenants. This
about him in a grim manner, It ruck the Helmet Henry Archbrihop of Dublin was Jufticiary of.
through from the very Creft, and the fword Ireland, and built Dublin-caftle.
fluck to fa ft in the Block, that no one there was MCCX1II. William Petit and Peter Mefiet
able to pull it out, he himfelf, at the requeft
till departed this life. Peter Meilet was Baron of
of the two Kings, did it with" eafe. Then Luyn, hard by Trim but dying without Heir-
;

they ask'd him, Why he look'd fo grim behind male, tlie Inheritance
fell to three Daughters,

him, before he /truck ? So he told them, It he of whom the Lord Vernail marrv'd the eldeft,
had fail'd in giving it, be would have certainly Talbot the Jecond, and Londres the third ;
cut them all ort, as well, Kings as others. The who fliar'd the Inheritance among them.
Kings made him large Prefents, and the King MCCXIX. The City of Dander a was mi-
tjf England reftor'd him to his Seignory, viz,. raculouily won on the Nones of September a-
Ulfter. John Courcy attempted fifteen feveral bout Midnight, without the lofs of one Cbri-
times to ia.il over into Ireland, but was always ftian.
in danger, and the Winds crofs; fo he waited The fame year dy'd William Marfhall the
a-while among the Monks of Chefter. At lait Elder, Earl Martha! and Earl cf Pembroch,
he return'd into France, and there dy*d. * who by his Wife, the Daughter of Richard * The Gene-
MCCV. The Abby of Wetheny in the Strongbow Earl of Strogul, had five Sons The f
r ie

MarU,a1,
: fw '

County of Limerick, was founded by Theobald eldeft was call'd William, the fecond Walter,
the Son of Walter Butler, Lord of Carryk, the third Gilbert, the fourth Anfelm, and the
MCCVI. The Order of Friars Minors was filth Richard, who loft his Life in the War of
begun near the City Affila, by S. Francis. Kiidare every one fucceifively enjoy 'd the Earl-
;

MCCVIH. William de Brewes was banifh'd dom ot their Father, and all died without Ilfue.
out of England, and came into Ireland. Eng- So the Inheritance devolv'd upon the Sifters,
land w'asput underan Interdict for the Tyranny namely, the Daughters of their Father, who
of King John. A great defeat and daughter was were, Maud Marlnall the Eldeft, Ifabel deClare
given at Thurles in Munfter by the Lord Geftcry the fecond, Eva de Breous the third, Joan de
Mareys, to the Chief Juftice of Ireland's Men. Mount Chenfey the fourth, and Sibill Countefs
MCCX. John King of England came to Ire- of Firrars therifth. Maud Marfliall was mar-
land with a great Fleet and aftrnngArmy; and ry'd to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk, who was
the Sons of Hugh Lacy, viz.. Walter Lord ot Earl Marflial of England in right of his Wife:
Meth, and Hugh his Brother, for their Tyran- By whom he had Ralph Bigod, Father of John
ny, and particularly for the Murder of Sir Bigod, the Son of the Lady Bertha Furnival
John Courfoii, Lord of Rathenny and Kilbar- and Ifabel de Lacy Wife to the Lord John \\fhe
||
Widow
reck (for they had heard, that the faid John Fitz-GeHery, by whom, after the death of Hugh of Gilbtrt
had accus'd them to the King) were driven out Bigod Earl of Norfolk, file had John de Gu.a- X ^-
of the Nation by the King. So they fled into ren, Earl of Surrey, and his Shier Ifabel de
France, and ferv'd in the Monasteries of S. Albeny Countefs of Arundel. Ifabel the fecond
Taurin unknown, being employ'd in Clay and Sifter wasmarry'd to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glo-
Brick-work, and fometimes in Gardens, as cefter; fhe had Richard de Clare Earl of Glo-
Gardeners. But at length they were difcover'd cefter, and the Lady AniTe Countefs of* Averna>* Perhaps
by the Abbot, who intreated the King on their who was Mother of Ifabel the | Mother of the Dcvmia.
P hapSl
behalf; fur he had baptiVd their Sons, and had Lord Robert Brus, Earl of Carrick in Scotland;
£x ^
been as a Father to them in many things. So, afterwards King of that Nation. From Eva de TM^place is
Walter Lacy paid two thoufand five hundred Breous the third Sifter, defcended Maud, th-? corrupted.
Marks, and Hugh Lacy a great Sum of Money, Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer, Mo-
to the King, f r their Ranfom ; and they were thor of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow, Mother
reftor'd to their former Degree and Lordfhip, ot the Lady Milioud eicMohun, who was Mo-
by the Abbot's Interceffion. Walter Lacy brought ther to Dame Eleanor, Mother to the Earl of
with him John the foil of Alured, i. e. Fitz- Hereiord. Joan Marfliall the fourth Sifter was
Acorv, Son to the aforefaid Abbot's Brother, marry 'd to the Lord Gunrin of Mount Chenfey,
and Knighted him, giving him the Seignory of and had Iflue Joan de Valens. Sybil Countefs
Dengle, and many others. Moreover, he of Ferrers, 'the fifth Sifter, had Ilfue (even
brought Monks with him out of the faid Mo- Daughters; the eldeft call'd Agnes Vefcie, Mo-
naftery, and beftov'd many Lands upon them, ther of the Lord John and the Lord William
with the Ceil call'd Foury tor their Charity,
; Vefcie; the fecond Ifabel Ballet, the third Joan
Gratitude, and good Counfel. Hugh Lacy Bohun, Wife to the Lord John Mohun, Sen of
Earl of Ulfter built a Cell for the Monks, in the Lord Reginald ; the fourth, Sibyl de Mo-
and endow'd it, in a place call'd
Ulfter, . hun, Wife to the Lord Francis de Bohun Lord
John King of England having taken many of Midhurft the fifth Eleanor Vaus, Wife to
;

Hoftages, as well of the Englifh as the Irifh, the Earl of Winchefter; the fixth *Agas Morti-
and fiang'd a number of Malefactors upon mer, Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer; the'4 Agatla.
Gibbets, and fetled Affairs ; return'd into feventh Maud Kyme, Lady cf Karbry. All
England the fame Year he came. thefe, both Males and Females, are the Pofteri-
MCCXI. The Lord RichardTuytwascrufh'd ty of the faid William Earl Marfhal.
to death by the fall of a Tower at Alone. He MCCXX. The Tranflation of S. Thomas of
founded the Monaftery de Grenard. Canterbury. The fame year died the Lrrd
MCCXII. The Abby of Grenard was found- Meilcr Fitz-Henry, founder of Connal, and
ed. The fame year, dy'd John Comyn Arch- was bury'd in the Chapter-Houfe ot the faid
billiop of Dublin, and was buried in the Quire Foundation.
of Trinity-Church he built S. Patrick's
j MCCXXTV. The Caftle of Bedford was
Church at Dublin. Henry Londres fucceeded befieg'd, and the Caftle of Trim in Ireland.
him, lirnam'd Sconhe-Villeyn, from a certain MCCXXV. dy'd Roger Pippard and in Che ;

Action of his. For having call'd in his Te- year MCCXXV1II. dy\i William Pippard, for-
nants one day, to know by what Tenure they merly Lord cf the Salmon-leap. This year d) 'd
held of him, they fhow'd him their Deeds and likewife Henry Londres, alias Scorche-Viili \ n ,

Charters to fatisfie him ; whereupon he order'd Archbifhop of Dublin, and was bury'd in Tri-
them to be burnt, and hence had the name of nity-church there.
MCCXXX. Hen-
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
MCCXXX. Henry King
England
of gave MCCLXXI. Henry the ion of the King of
Hubert Burk Ae Juiticefhip, and the Third- Almain was (lain in theCourt of Rome. Plague,
Penny of Kent; and made him Earl of Kent. Famine and Sw-ord rag 'd this year, particularly
Afterward, the lame Hubert was imprifon'd, in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother
and great Troubles arofe between the King and John were flain. Walter de Burgo Earl ot
his Subjects, becaufe he favour'd Strangers more Ulfter dy'd.
than his own natural Subjects. MCCLXXII. The Lord James de Audley,
MCCXXXI. William Marefchall the youn- Jufticiary of Ireland, was kiii'd by a fall from

ger, Earl Marfhal and Earl of Pembroch, de- his Horfe in Tothomon, and was Succeeded' in
parted this life, and was bury'd in the Quire of the Office of Chief Jultice by the 'Lord Mau-
the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny. rice Fitz-Maurice.

MCCXXXIV. Richard Earl Marefchall MCCLXXIII. The Lord Geffery de Gene-

Earl of Pembroch and Strcgull, was wounded vile return *d from the Holy Land, and was

in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the firfl made Jufticiary of Ireland.

of the Ides of April, and fome few days after MCCLXXIV. * Edward, fon of King Hen-*war K j°g -

dy'd in Kilkenny, and was there buried, hard ry, was anointed and crown'd King ot England
|
Germanum.by his Brother, viz. William3 in the Quire of by Robert Kilwarby, of the Order of Friers-
II

the Friers Predicants: Of whom this is writ- Predicants, and Archbifhop of Canterbury,
upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day, in the
Church of Weltminfter, in the pretence ot ail
Cttjm fubfojfa Kilkennia continet ojfa. the Nobility of England. His Profeffion or
Oath was in this form. I Edward, fon and
MCCXL. Walter do Lacy Lord of Meth heir of King Henry, do protefs, proteft and
dy d this year in England, leaving two Daugh- promife before God and his Angels, from this
J

ters to inherit of whom, the firfl: was married

; time forward, to maintain without favour or
to the Lord Theobald de Verdon, and the fecond affection, the Law, Juftice and Peace of the
to Geffery de Genevile. Church of God, and the People fubjeft unto
MCCXLI1I. This year, dy'd Hugh Lacy me ; fo far as we can devife by the counfel of our
Earl of Ulfter, and was buried at Cragfergous, faithful Minifters as alio, to exhibit due and
;

in the Convent of the Friers Minors ; leaving a canonical Honour to the Bflhops of God's
Daughter and heir, who was married to Walter Church, and to preferve unto them inviolably
Burk Earl of Ulfler. The fame year dy'd the whatfoever has been granted by former Em-
Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice, and Lord Richard perors and Kings to the Church of God ; and
de Burgo. to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the
MCCXL VI. An Earthquake about nine of Lord's Minifters, according to the advice of
the Clock over all the Weft. our Council, &c. So help me God, and the
MCCXLVIII. Sir John Fitz-Geifcry Knight, holy Gofpels of the Lord. This year, dy'd
came Lord Judiciary into Ireland. the Lord John Verdon, and the Lord Thomas
MCCL. Lewis King of France and William de Clare came into Ireland. And William Fitz-
Long-Efpee were taken Prifoners, with many Roger Prior of the Hofpitallers, was taken Pri-
others, by the Saracens. In Ireland Maccanewey, foner at Glyndelory, with many others and ;

a Son of Belial, was (lain in Leys, as he had more were flain.

well deferv'd. MCCLXXV. The Caftle of Rofcomon was
In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy built again. The lame year Moydagh was ta-
was bom- Upon Chriftmas-daylikewife, Alex- ken Prifoner at Norragh by the Lord Walter le
ander King of Scots, in the nth year of his Faunte.
Age, was contracted to Margaret, the daughter MCCLXXVI. Robert de Uflord was made
ot the King of England, at Kork. Jufticiary of Ireland, upon the furrender of
MCCLV. Alan de la Zouch was made and Geffery de Genevill.
came Jufticiary into Ireland. MCCLXXV1I. O Brene ilain.
MCCL VII. This year dy'd the Lord Mau- MCCLXXV1II. The Lord David de Barry
rice Fitz-Gerald. died this year, as alfo the Lord John de Cogan.
MCCLIX. Stephen Long-Efpee came JufK- MCCLXXIX. The Lord Robert d'Urford
ciary into Ireland. The green Caftle in Ulfler went into England; and appointed Frier Ro-
was demolilh'd. William Dene was made Justi- bert de Fulborne, Bifhop of Waterford, to
ciary of Ireland- fupply his-place Inwhofetime, theMoneywas
:

MCCLXI. The Lord John Fitz-Thomas, chang'd. ARound Table was alfo held at Ke-
and the Lord Maurice his Son were (lain in Dcf- nylworth by the Lord Roger Mortimer.
mond by Mac Karthy. Alfo, William Dene MCCLXXX. Robert d Uriord return'd from
Jufticiary of Ireland dy'd, and the Lord Richard England, being (till Jufticiary, as beiore. His
Capel was put in his room the fame year. Wife dy'd this year.
MCCLXII. Richard Clare Earl of Glocefter MCCLXXXI Adam Cufak the younger
died this year; as alfo. Martin de Maundevile kill'd William Barret and many others in Co-
on the morrow ot S. Bennet. naught. Frier Stephen Fulborn was made Ju-
MCCLXIV. Maurice Fitz-Geraldand Mau- fticiary of Ireland. The Lord Robert d'Uliord
rice Fitz-Maurice took Prifoners Richard Capel, return'd into England.
the Lord Theobald Botiller, and the Lord John MCCLXXX1I. This Ye::* Moritagh and
Cogan, at Triftel-Dermot. Arte Mac-Murgh his Brother were flain at
MCCLXVII. David de Barry was made Arclowe on S. Mary Magdalen Eve And the :

Jufticiary of Ireland. Lord Roger Mortimer d)'d.

MCCLXVIII. Comin Maurice Fitz-Mau- MCCLXXXIII. The City of Dubimwas
ricewas drown'd. Alfo, the Lord Robert in part burnt and the Belfrey of Trinity
,-

Ufford was made Jufticiary of Ireland. Church, on the third of the Nones of January.
MCCLXIX. The Caftle of Rofcomon was MCCLXXXIV. The Caftle of Ley was ta-
begun this year. Richard of Exeter was made ken by the petty Kings of Oft'aly, and burnt,
Jufticiary. the morrow after S. Barnaby's Day. Alphonfus
MCCLXX. The Lord James de Audley the King's Son, being twelve, years old, departed
came Jufticiary into Ireland. this Life.
MCCLXXXV. The
 :

^^^HM ^HHB
The ANNALS of IRELAND.
MCCLXXXV. The Lord Theobald le Bo- trom the 8 th of the Ides of April till the 15 th
tiller,dy'd on the 6th of the Kalends ot Octo- of the Kalends of July. At lair, the wall was
ber, in the Caftleot" Arclowe, and was buried pull'd down by the Saracens, and they euter'd
there in the Convent of the Friers Predicants. the City in great numbers; many Chriitians be-
Gerald Fit z-Mau rice was taken Prifoner by his ing flain, and fome drown'd in the fea through
own Irifh Subjects in Ofaly with Richard Pe-;
tear Among whom, was the Patriarch and his
:

tit and S. Doget, and many others ; and at Train. The King of Cyprus and Oto de
Kathode, there was a great {laughter. Grandifon efcap'd in a fiiip, with their fol-
MCCLXXXVI. Le Norragh and Arftol, lowers. Alfo, the Lord Pope Martin granted
with other Villages, were fucceOively burnt by our Lord King Edward, the tenth of all Eccle-
William Stanton, on the 16th of the Kalends fiaftical Benefices in Ireland, for feven years, to-
of December. About this time Eleanor Queen wards the relief of the Holy Land. Alfo, the
of England, mother ot King Edward, took the eldeft fon of the Earl of Clare was born.
religious habit at Ambresbury on the day of MCCXCII. Edward King of England en-
S. Thomas's translation, having her dower con- d Scotland again, and was cholen King.
ter
firmed by the Pope, and alfur'd to her. Alfo, The Lord John de Balliol ot Galiweya obtained
Calwagh was taken Prifoner at Kildare. The the whole Kingdom by right of
ot Scotland
Lord Thomas Clare departed this Life! Inheritance, and did homage to our Lord Ed-
MCCLXXXV1I. This year dy'd Stephen ward King of England at New caftle upon Tine
Fulborn, Archbifhop of Tuam, and was fuc- on S. Stephen's day. Florentius Earl of Hol-
ceeded in the Office ot JufUciary, for a time, land, Robert Brus Earl of Carrick, John Ha-
by John Sampford Archbifhop of Dublin. This ftings, John Comin, Patrick de Dunbar, John
year the. King of Hungary renoune'd Chriflia- Vefcie, Nicholas Souls, and William Roos
nity, and tum'd Apoftate, and having fraudu- (who had Eftates in the faid Kingdom) fub-
lenrly aflembl'd his Nobility under pretence of mitted therr.feives to the Judgment of King
a Parliament, Miramomeh'us, a potent Saracen Edward.
tm e upon them with an Army ot 20000 men, Alfo, a fifteenth of all the Goods of the La-
and carry 'd away the King and all the Chriftians ity in Ireland, was granted to our Lord the
these, prifoners, on S. John Baptiit's eve. As King of England, to be collected on the Feaft
the Chriftians were carried along, the weather of S. Michael. Alio, Sir Peter de Ge-
turn'd from lair to cloudy, and a fudden tempeft ot rievile Knight, dy'd this year. Alfo, Rice ap
Hail kih'd many thoufands of the Infidels. The Meredyke was brought to York, and there
T pull'd to pieces at horfes
Chriftians returned to their own homes; but
the Apoftate King went alone with the Saracens. MCCXCIII. A general
tails,&c. * cau j^.
and open war was e quorum di-
^
The Hungarians crowii'd his Son King, and this year wag'd at fea with the Normans. Al-JiraSus.
continu'd in the Catholick Faith. lo, no fmall number of the Normans was cut
MCCLXXX1X. Tripoly, a famous City, oft in a fea-fight, by the Barons of the Ports ot

was demolifli'd, after great eftufion of Chriftian
blood, by the Sultan of Babylon Who com-
manded the Images of the Saints to be dragg'd
at the horfes tails through the ruinous City,
contempt ot Chrift.
MCCXC.
Incljta flirps Regis fponjis datur or dine
The Illue ot the King becomes a
The Lord Gilbert de Clare took to Wife the
Lady Joan de Aeon, daughter of our Lord
King Edward, in the Abby of Weftminfter ;
and the marriage was celebrated in May : And
John, Son of the Duke of Brabant, marry *d
Margaret the faid King's daughter, in the
Church aforefaid, in July. This year, the
Lord William Vefcie was made Judiciary of
Ireland, and entered upon the Office on S. Mar-
tin's day. Alfo, O Molaghelyn King of Meth
was (lain.
MCCXCI. Gilbert de Clare, fon of Gilbert
and the Lady Joan de Aeon, was born on the
nth of May, betimes in the morning.
there was an army led into Ulfter, againfl
Hankn and other petty Princes who had broken
the Peace, by Richard Earl of Ulfter and Wil-
liam de Vefcie Jufticiary of Ireland. Alfo,
the Lady Eleanor, formerly Queen of England
and mother of King Edward, dy'd on S. John's
day, after a laudable life fpent for four years
eleven months and fix days in a religious
in the Abby
of Ambresby, where fhe was a
Nun. Alfo, the news came to our Lord Pope
Martin, on the eve of S. Mary Magdalen, con-
cerning the city of Aeon in the Holy Land
(which was the onl£ place of refuge tor the
England, and others their affiftants, between
: Ealter and Whitfuntide. Upon this, a war
broke out between England and France ; and
in Philip King ot France directed his letters of
citation to the King of England to appear in
perfon at his Parliament, to anfwer what the
King had to obje£t to him ; but finding no
legit. compliance with this order, he forthwith, by
the counfel of his Parliament, declar'd him
Spoufe. outlaw'd, and condemn'd him. Alfo, Gilbert
de Clare Earl of Glocefter and his wife, came
into Ireland, about the Feaft of S. Luke.
MCCXCIV. William Montfort dy'd fud-
deuly, in the King's Council at Weflminfler be-
fore the King. He was Dean of S. Paul's in
London. TheBifhops andClcrgy, who doubted
how much the King would expect trom every
one of them, and were willing to be fatisfied,
had inftrucled him as a perfon whom the King
W'ould confide in, what to fignific from them to
his Majefty; and as foon as he return'd to the
King and was addreffing himfelf to fpeak as he
had defign'd, he was fpeechlefs, and fell down,
5
and was carry d out by the King's fervants in a
Alfo, miserable condition. Upon this light, people
O grew fearful, and began to recollect how he was
the great procurer ot the Tenths of ecclefiafti-
cal benefices to the King, and ot the Inquifition
upon the fold of Chrift, as alfo of the contribu-
tions granted to the King afterward. Alfo, the
city ofBordeaux with the adjacent country or
Gafcoign, was taken into pofleffion by the
habit, fervants of the King of France upon certain
conditions, but was detain'd unjuflly and trea-
cheroufly by the faid King. John Archbifhop
of Dublin, and fome other great men, were
fent to theKing in Almain upon this account
After they had receiv'd their anfw er in Tord- r

Chriftians,) that it was befieg'd by Milkadar ran, theArchbifhop return'd into England, and
the Sultan of Babylon, with a numerous army. I
dy'd on S. Leodegary's day. The bones of
He befieg'd it hotly for about forty days, viz. I
which John Sampford were interr'd in S.Pa-
trick's

The ANNALS
trick's Church in Dublin, on the ioth day of
the Kalends of March.
The fame year, there arofe a debate between
the Lord William de Vefcy, then Justiciary of
Ireland, and the Lord John Fitz-Thomas; and
the faid Lord William de Vefcy went into Eng-
land, and left the Lord William de la Hay to
officiate as Judiciary. But when both were
before the King for combat, upon an appeal, for
trealon, William Vefcy fled into France, and
would not fight. Whereupon, the King ot
England gave all the Seignories, that belong'd
to him, to the Lord John Fitz-Thomas, viz,.
Kildare, Rathemgan, and many others.
The fame year, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of
Gloceftcr, return'd out of Ireland into Eng-
land. Likewife Richard Earl of Ulfter, foon
after S. Nicholas's was taken prifoner by
day,
the Lord John Fitz-Thomas, and kept in the
Ley,
cattle of till the feaft of S. Gregory, Pope;
but was then fet at liberty by the Council of our
Lord the King in a Parliament at Kilkenny.
The faid Lord John Fitz-Thomas gave all his
lands, which he had in Coaaught,
with other Polleflions, for taking him.
Alfo, this year, the Cattle of Kildare was
taken ; Kildare and the Country round it was
wafted by the Englifh and the Irifh. Calvagh
burnt all trie Rolls and Tallies of the Earl.
This year, and the two following, there was a
great Dearth and Peftilence throughout Ireland.
Alfo, the Lord William Dooddyngzele was
made judiciary of Ireland.
MCCXCV. Edward King of England
the Caftle de Bella Marifco, i. e. Beaumaris in Ve-
nedocia, which is call'd the mother of Cambria,
but commonly Angfefey, and enter'd it immedi-
ately after Eafter, making the Venedotes, i. e.
the ablemen of Anglefey, lubject to him. Soon
about the Feafl of S. Margaret,
after this, viz,,
Madock (at that time Elect ot Wales) fubmit-
ted himfelf to the King's morcy, and was
brought to London by the Lord John de Ha-
verings, where he was put in the Tower, to
wait the King's grace and favour. This year
dy'd the Lord William Dooddyngzele Judiciary
of Ireland, the day after S. Mary ot Egypt.
The Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice fucceeded
him. Alfo, about the fame time, the Irifh in
Leinfter deftroy'd that Province, burning the
new Caftle, with other Villages. Alfo, Thomas
de Torbevile, a fedueer of the King and be-
trayer of his Country, was drawn through the
middle of London, naked and prottrate, and
encompafs'd with four Executioners in Vizards,
whorevil'd him as he went along. At laft, he
w'as gibbeted, and deny'd the privilege of Bu-
rial ; having none to attend his Funeral, but
Kites and Crows. This Thomas was one of
thofe, who in the Siege of the Cadle of Rions
were taken, and carry'd to Paris. Whereupon,
he promis'd the Nobility of France, that he
would deliver to them the King of England
and leaving his two Sons as hoftages, he came
over, and told the King of England and his
Council, how narrowly he efcap'd out of Pri-
fon. When he had inform'd himfelf of the
defigns of the King, and ftate of the King-
dom, he fent the whole in writing, to the Pro-
vod of Paris. Of which being convicted,
he was executed in the manner aforefaid.
About the fame time, the Scots having
broken the Peace, which they had enter'd
into with our Lord the King of Eng-
land, made a new league with the King of
France, and confpiring together,
Arms againd their own Sovereign
King John Balliol, andfhuthim up, in the in-
;
of IRELAND.
ner parts of Scotland, in a Caftle encompafs'd
with high Mountains. They chofe, after the
cuftom of France, twelve Peers, namely four
Bifhops, four Earls, and four other Noblemen,
to adminifter the Government This was done iii
purefpight totheKingofEngland, becaufehehad
fet the faid John over them, againd their will
and confent. The King of England carry'd
another Army into Scotland the Lent following,
to chaftife the Scots for their prefumption and
arrogance againd their own Father and King.
Alfo, the Lord John Wogan was made Judiciary
of Ireland, and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Mau-
rice furrender'd. This John Wogan, Judiciary
of Ireland, made a Truce for two years, be-
tween the Earl of Ulfter , and John Fitz-
Thomas, and the Geraldines. About Chrid-
mas-day this year, the Lord Gilbert de Clare
Earl of Gloceder departed this life. Alfo, the
King of England fent his Brother Edward with
an Army into Gafcoign.
MCCXCVI. The Lord Edward King of
England, on the third of the Kalends of April,
viz,. Slygo, viz,, on Friday (then Eafter-week) took Ber-
wick, with the (laughter of about feven thou-
fand Scots, and not of above one of the Englifh
Knights, viz,, the Lord Richard of Cornwall,
and feven more of the Foot. Shortly after, on
the fourth of May, he enter'd the Cadle of
Dunbar, and took about forty of the Enemy
Prifoners (who fubmirted themfelves to the
King's mercy) having before defeated the whole
Army of the Scots ; that is to fay, llain feven
built hundred Horfe, with the lofs of Foot only on
the Englifh fide.
Alfo, on S. John Port-latin-day, about 1 5000
Welch were fent to invade Scotland by the
King's Order. At the fame time, the Nobili-
ty of Ireland, viz,. John Wogan Judiciary,
Richard Bourk Earl of Ulder, Theobald Butler
and John Fitz-Thomas, with others, came to
affift in this Expedition, and fail'd to Scotland.
The King of England entertain d them, with
others of the Englifh Nobility (on the third of
the Ides of May, viz.. Whitfunday) at a noble
Feaft, in the caftle of Rokesburgh. Alio, on
the Wednesday next, before S. Barnabas, he
enter'd the Town of Edinburgh, and won the
caftle before the Fead of S. John Baptift i
fhortly after, the fame Summer, all the catties
in Scotland were furrender'd to him. Alfo.,
King J
John Balliol of Scotland came (che
much againd his will) to the King of Eng-
land,on the Sunday next after the Tranflation
of S. Thomas
the Archbifhop* attended with
many Earls, Bifhops and Knights, and they
furrender'd all to the King's mercy, faving life
and limb and their Lord John Balliol gave ur>
;
allhis Right and Title in Scotland to the King'
of England who fent him under a fate guard
;
towards London.
Alfo, Edmund, Brother of the King of Eng-
; land, dy'd in Gafcoign.
MCCXCVII. Our Lord Edward, King of
England, fail'd into Flanders with an Army a- 1
gaind the King of France, becaufe of the war'
begun between them where, after much ex-
j
pence and altercation, it was concluded be-
tween them, that they fhould dand to the'
award and judgment of the Pope. Meffengers
were fent to the Court of Rome by both fides
but while the King was in Flanders, William
Walleis (according to a general Refolution of
the Scots) came with a great Army to Strivelin-
bridge and engag'd the Lord John Warren ; in
rofeup in which Battel many were flain on both fides,
Lord and and many drown'd ; but the Englifh were de-
feated.' This fcccafion'd a general Infurrect-iori
[ c ] in
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
in Scotland, ot Earls as well as Barons, againft
the King ot England. There was alfo at this
time a Quarrel between the King of England
and Roger Bigod Earl MarlTial ; but this was
toon made up. S. Lewis, Son of the King of
Sicily (a Frier minor and Archbifhop of Co-
logn) dy'd. Alfo, the fon and heir of the
King of Maliager, /. e. ofthelflands of Ma-
jorca, inftituted the Order of the Friers-minors,
at the direction of S. Lewis, who bid him go
and do it. Alfo, Lechlin in Ireland, with o-
ther Towns, were burnt by the Irifh of Sle-
mergi.
Alfo, Calwagh O
Hanlen, and Yne-r Mac-
ward Earl of Cornwall dy'd without Hue, and
was bury'd in the Abby of Hailes.
MCCCI. Edward King of England enter'd
Scotland with an Army ; and the Lord John
Wogan Jufticiary of Ireland, and the Lord
John Fitz-Thomas, and Peter Bermingham,
and many others, fet fail from Ireland to affift
him. Alfo, a great part of the City of Dub-
linwas burnt down, together with the Church
ofS. Warbutga, on S. Columb's night. Alfo,
the Lord of Geneyil marry'd the Daughter of
the Lord John de Montefort ; and the Lord
John Mortimer marry'd the daughter and heir
of theLord Peter de Genevil and the Lord ;

Mahon, were flain in

Urgale. Theobald de Verdon marry'd the daughter of
MCCXCVIII. Pope Boniface IV. on the the Lord Re ger Mortimer, The People of
morrow of the Feaft of S. Peter and S. Paul, Leinfter tookup Arms in Winter, and burnt
all things being then quiet, made Peace be- the Towns^of Wykynlo and Rathdon, &c. but
tween England and France, upon certain Terms. they fuffer'd for it ; for the greattft part of
Alfo, Edward King of England, led an Army their Provisions at home was burnt, and. their
again into Scotland, to conquer it. There Cattel made plunder fo that they had certain-
;

were flain in this Expedition (about the Feaft ly been undone for ever,
if a fedition had not
ot S. Mary Magdalen) many thoufands of the happened among the
Englifh at that jundure.
Scots, at Fawkirk. The Sun appear'd that day Alfo, a fmall company of the Brenies were de-
as red as Blood, in Ireland, while the Battel at feated by the Tolans, and 300 of thofe Rob-
Fawkirk continu'd. Alfo, about the fame bers were cut off. Alfo, a great part of Moun-
time the King of England gave to his Knights fter was wafted by Walter Power, and many
the Earldoms and Baronies of thofe Scots that houfes burnt.
were (lain. In Ireland, Peace w"as concluded MCCCII. This year, dy'd the Lady Mar-
between the Earl of Ulfter and the Lord John garet, Wife of the Lord John Wogan, Judicia-
Fitz-Thomas, about the Feaft of Simon and ry of Ireland, on the third of the Ides of April:
Jude. Alfo, the morrow after the Feaft of and the Week following, Maud Lacy, the Wife
the feven Sleepers, the Sun-beams were chang'd of the Lord Geftery de Genevil, dy'd likewife.
into a bloodifli colour, from morning, to the Alfo, Edmund le Botiller recover 'd the Manour
great admiration of every one. Alfo, this year de | S. Bofco, with the Appurtenances there- ^ Holy wood,
d) 'd the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice Knight, unto belonging, from the Lord R. de Feringes/wi^.
and the Lord Robert Bigod, fometime Jufti- Archbifhop ot Dublin, upon an Accommoda-
ciary in the Bench. Alio, in the City Artha, tion made between them in the King's Bonch,^
and in Reath in Italy, during the flay of Pope after the feaft of S. Hilary.
Bonitace in thofe parts, there happen 'd fo great Alfo, the Flemings defeated the French in
an Earthquake, that Towers and Palaces fell Flanders at Courtenay, the Wednefday after
down and the Pope and his Cardinals lied out the Feaft of the Tranflation of S. Thomas. In
;

ot the City in great confternation. this Engagement, were flain the Earl of Artois,
Alfo, on the Feaft ot Epiphany, there was the Earl f Albemarle, the Earl of Hue, Ralph
<

an Earthquake in England, from Canterbury de Neel Conftable of France, Guy de Nevil,

to Hampton ; but not very violent. Marfhal of France, the Earl of Hennaund's fon,
MCCXCIX. The Lord Theobald leBotiiler Godtrey de Brabant and his Son, William de
the younger, dj'd in the 'Manour of Turby, Fenlys and his fon James de S. Paul loft his
:

on the ftcond ot the Ides of May : His Corps hand, and forty Baronets were flain that day ;
was convey'd towards Weydeneyam, ;'.
e. We- with Knights, Squires, &c, without number.
ney, in the County ot Limerick, on the fixth Alfo, The Tenths of all Ecciefiaftical Bene-
of the Kalends of June. fices in England and Ireland were exacted by
Alfo, Edward King ot England marry 'd the Pope Boniface for three Years, for the fupport
Lady Margaret, Siller to the iiluftrious King of the Church of Rome againft the King of
of France, in Trinity-church at Canterbury, Arragon. Alfo, on the day of the Circumci-
about the Feaft of the Holy Trinity. Alfo, fion, the Lord Hugh de Lacy plunder'd Hugh
the Sultan of Babylon with an Army of Sara- Vernail. This Year, Robert le Brus Earl of
cens, was defeated by CaiTan King of Tartary. Carrick, marry'd Elizabeth, daughter of the
MCCXCIX. On the day after the Purifica- Lord Richard Eourk, Earl of Ulfter. Alfo,
tion, there was an infinite number of Saracen- Edward Botiller marry'd the daughter of the
^ horfe flain, and beiides, an infinite number of Lord John Fitz-Thomas. Alfo, the City of
<8f Foot. Alfo, there was this year a Fight of Bourdeaux, with others thereabouts (which
Dogs at Genel on -Cattle in Burgundy ; the Edw ard King of England iiad formerly loft by
r

number of the Dogs was 3000, and they were the fedition of the French) were reftor'd upon
all kilfd but one. Alfo, this year many Irifh S. Andrew's-eve, by the means of the Lord
John
came to the Caftle of Roch, before the An- Haftings.
nunciation, to annoy the Lord Theobald de MCCCIIT. Richard Eourk Earl of Ulfter,
Verdon. and the Lord Euftace de Power, invaded Scot-
* Numifma MCCC. The * Pollard-money was prohibited land with a ftrong Army But after the Earl :

Pollsrderum. in England and Ireland. Alfo, Edward King himfelf had made
3 3 Knights in the Caftle of
of England enter'd Scotland with an Army in Dublin, he palled over into Scotland to affift the
Autumn, but was forbid by an order from King ot England. Alfo, Gerald fon and heir
Pope Boniface ; and, to excufe himfelf, he fent of the Lord John Fitz-Thomas departed this
fpecial meflengers to the Court of Rome. Alfo, life. This year, the King and Queen of France
Thomas, fon of the King of England, was were excommunicated, with all their Children,
born at Brotherton, by Margaret the King of by Pope Boniface; who alfo confirm'd ail the
France's Sifter, on the laft of May. Alfo, Ed- privileges of the Univeriity of Paris. Soon al-
ter,
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
ter, the Pope was taken, and kept,as it were chard Haverings, who held that See almoft five
in Prilon, three whole days Soonafter, the
:
years by the Pope's difpenfation. At lafl lie re-
Pope dy'd. of Ulfler dy'd like- lign'd his Archbifhoprick, and was fucceeded
The Countefs
wife about this time. Alfo, Walran de Wel- by John Lech,
lelly and the Lord Robert de Percivall were flain The Caufe of this reflgnation (as the Arch-
this year, on the eleventh ot" the Kalends of deacon of Dublin, his nephew, and a very good
November. man, related it) was a dream which he had one
MCCC1V. A great part of Dublin was burnt night, That a certain monfter, heavier than the
down, viz,, the Bridge-ftreet, a good part of whole World, flood upright upon his breaft,
the Key, the Church of the Friers Predicants, and that he would have renounced all he had in
the Church ot the Monks, and a great part of this world, to be rid of it. When he awak'd,
the Monaftcry, on the Ides or June, namely, he began to reflect that this was certainly the ,

on the Feail of S. Medard. Affo, this year Church of Dublin; the profits whereof he had
was laid the foundation of the Quire of the receiv'd, without taking pains to deferve them.
Friers-Predicants, in Dublin, by the Lord Eu- Upon this, he went to the Pope, with whom
flace le Power, on the ieaft of S. Agatha the he was much in favour, as loon as he poffibly
Virgin. could , and relinquifh'd his Archbifhoprick.
Alfo, after the Purification, the King of For he had (as the fame Archdeacon averr'd)
France invaded Flanders in perfon, with a brave other benefices of greater value, than the Arch-
Army. He behav'd himielf gallantly in this bifhoprick it felf.

War, and in one Battelhad two or three Horfes Alfo, On the feafl of Pentecoft, at London,
kili'd under him But at laft he loft the
: King Edward confer 'd Knighthood upon his
Cap under his Helmetwhich the Flemings
;
fonEdward, and about 400 Knights * were* Necptoli^atL
carry 'd oft as a * Standard, upon a Spear, in created at the fame feafl ; tixty of whom were
deriiion ; and in all the Fairs in Flanders it made by the faid Edward of Carnarvan, as foon

was hung out at the high Window of fome as himfelf had been knighted : He held the feafl
great Houle, like the Sign of an Inn, as a To- in London, at the new Temple ; and his father
ken of their Victory. gave him the Dutchy of Aquitain.
MCCCV. Jordan Comyn and his Accom- Alfo, On the feafl of S. Potentiana, the Bi-
plices, kiil'd Morkagh O
Conghir King of Of- fliops of Winchefler and Worcefler, by order

. raley, and Calwagh his whole Brother, and

\\
from the Pope, excommunicated Robert Brus,
certain others, in the Court of the Lord Peter the pretended King ot Scotland and his party,
de Brymegham, at Carryck in Carbery. Like- for the deatii of John Rede Comyn. This year,
wife the Lord Gilbert de Sutton Sertefchal of on S. Boniface's day, Aumar de Valence Earl
Weis ord was flain by the Iriih, near the Vil- of Pembroch, and Lord Guy Earl cut off : : : :

lage of Haymond de Grace ; which Haymond
fought Hourly in this Skirmifh, and efcap'd by
his great Valour.
Alfo, in Scotland, the Lord Robert de Brus
Earl of Carrick, not regarding his Oath ot
many of the Scots, and the Lord Robert Brus
was defeated near the town ot S. Johns. This
year, at the nativity of S. John Baptifl, King
Edward went t by water from Newerk to Lln-j. p er aquatn
coin, toward Scotland. de Newerk

Allegiance to the King of England, (lew the Alfo, This year the Earl of Afc--les, the Lord »ff*« Uneol-
Freyfell, and the Countefs of Carryck,
mam'
Lord John Rede Comyn within the Cloifter^ ot Simon
the Friers-minors of Dunfrefe, and foon after the pretended Queen of Scotland, daughter to
got himielf crown'd King of Scotland by the the Earl of Ulfler, were taken prifoners. The
hands of two Bifhops, ot" S. Andrews and Glai- Earl of Afceles, and the Lord Simon Freyfell,
J

co, in the Town of Scone, to the ruin of him- were f torn in pieces. The Countefs remain d t JJihceratas.

felf'and many others. with the King in great honour, but the reft
MCCCVI. In Offaley near Grefhil-caflle, a dy'd miferably m Scotland.
great defeat was given to O
Conghor by the O- Alfo,About the feafl of the Purification,
Dympcies, on the Ides of April, in which O- two brothers of Robert Brus who were both
Dympcy f Commander of the Reg-mi, witb a Pyrats, going out ot their Gallies a-fhore lor
great Retinue, was flain. Alfo, OBrene K. plunder, were taken prifoners, with Sixteen
.of* Towmond dy'd this year. Alfo, Donald Scots befides ; the two brothers were torn in
Oge Mac-earthy flew Donald Ruff, King of pieces at Carlifle, and the reft hang'd.
Defmond. Alfo, a fad overthrow was given Alfo, Upon S. Patrick's day, Mac Nochi
to a Party of the Lord Piers Brymegham, in and his two Sons were taken prifoners near

the Marches of Meth, on the fourth of the Ka- the New Caflle, by Thomas Sue-
in Ireland,
lends of May. Alfo, Balimore in Leinfler was terby ; and there, Lorran Oboni, a flout rob-
burnt by the Iriih, and Henry Calte was (lain ber, was beheaded.
there at the fame time ; and a War broke out MCCCVII- On the third o^i the Kalends of
between the Engiifh and the Iriih in Leinfler, April, Murcord Ballagh was beheaded by
and a great Army was drawn together from all Sir David Caunton, a valiant Knight, near
parts to keep the Irifh of Leinfler within bounds. Marton and foon after, Adam Dan was flain.
;

Sir Thomas Mandevil, a gallant Knight, had in Alfo, On S. Philip and S. Jacob's day, Of-
this Expedition a fharp conflict with the cheles gave the Engiifh a bloody defeat in Co-
Irifh near Glenfell, wherein he fought bravely naught.
till his Horfe was flain, and won great honour, Alfo,The caflle of Cafhiil was pull'd down
for the faving the lives of feveral others as well by the rapparees of Oftaly ; and on the eve of
as his own. the translation of S. Thomas, they burnt the
Alfo, Matter Thomas Cantok Chancellor of town of Lye, and befieg'd the caflle ; but the
Ireland,was confecratedBilhop ot Ymelafen, in fiege was foon rais'd by John Fitz-Thomas and
Trinity-Church in Dublin, with great honour : Edward Botiller.
the Elders of Ireland were all prefent at this
||
Alfo, This year dy'd King Edward [the
Confecration ; and there was fuch great feafl- firfl,] and his fon Edward fucceeded him ; who

ing both for rich and poor, as had never been buried his father in great flate at Weflminfter,
known before in Ireland. Alfo, Richard de with honour and reverence.
Feringcs Archbifhop of Dublin dy'd on S. Alfo, The Lord Edward the younger mar*
LukeVeve, and was fucceeded by Matter Ri- ry'd the Lady Iflibella, daughter of the King of
France,
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
France, in S. Mary's church at Bologn ; and cants at Trym, the morrow after S. Edward
fliortly after, they were both crown'd in Weft- the Archbifhop's day.
minfter Abby. Alfo, Dermot Odympfy was flain at Tul-
Alfo, The Templars in foreign parts being ly, by the Servants of the Lord Piers
Gavefton.
condemn'd for a certain herefie, as was report- Alfo, Richard Bourk Earl of Ulfter, at
ed, were apprehended and put in prifon by the Whitfontide, made a great feaft at Trym, and
Pope's mandate In England Hkewife, they
: confer'd Knighthood upon Walter Lacy and
were all taken the very next day alter Epipha- Hugh Lacy. In the vigil of the Aflumption,
ny. In Ireland alfo, they were taken and im- the Earl of Ulfter came againft Piers Gave-
prifon'd the day after the Purification. fton, Earl of Cornwal, at Drogheda ; and at
MCCCVIII. On the fecond of the Ides of the fame time turn'd back towards Scotland.
April, dy'd the Lord Peter de Bermingham, a Alfo, This year Maud the Earl of Ulfter 's
noble champion againft the Irifh. daughter imbark'd for England, in order to a
Alfo, On
the fourth of the Ides of May, marriage with the Earl of Glocefter ; which
the caftle of Renin was burnt down, and fome within a month was perform'd.
of the Garrifon (lain, by William Mac Baithor, Alfo, Maurice de Caunton kill'd Richard
Cnygnifmy Otjiothiles, and his partisans. Talon, and the Roches afterwards kill'd him.
Alfo, On the fixth of the Ides of June, the Alfo, The Lord David de Caunton was
Lord John Wogan, Judiciary of Ireland, was hang'd at Dublin.
defeated with his Army, near Glyndelory. In Alfo, Odo, fon of Cathol O
Conghir, kill'd
this encounter were flain, John call'd Hogelyn, Odo O
Conghir King of Conaught.
John de Northon, John de Breton, and many Alfo, Athi was burnt by the Irifli.
others. MCCCIX. Piers Gavefton fubdu'd the O-
Alfo, On
the fixteenth of the Kalends of Ju- Brynnes in Ireland, and rebuilt the caftle of
ly, Dolovan, Tobyr, and other towns and vil- Mackingham, and the Caftle of Kemny ; he
lages bordering upon them, were burnt down alfo cut down and fcour'd the pafs between
by the faid malefactors. Kemny caftle and Glyndelagh, in fpite of all
Alfo, foon after this, a great Parliament was the oppofition the Irifh could make, and fo
held at Loudon : wherein a terrible difference went and ofter'd in the Church of S. Kimny.
arofe between the King and Barons, upon the ac- The fame year, the Lord Piers Gavefton
count of Piers Gavefton ; who was banilTi'd went overinto England on the eve of S. John
cut of the Kingdom of England the day after Baptift's Nativity.
the feaft of S. John Baptift's nativity, and Alfo, The Earl of Ulfter's fon's wife, daugh-
went over into Ireland about the feaft ot the ter to the Earl of Glocefter, came into Ireland,
Saints Quirita and Julita, together with his on the fifteenth cf October.
wife and lifter, the Countefs of Glocefter, and Alfo, On
Chriftmas-eve, the Earl of Ulfter
came to Dublin in great ftate, and there con- return'd out of England, and landed at Dro-
tinued. gheda.
Alfo, William Mac Baltor, a ftout robber Alfo, On the Purification of the BlefTed Vir-
and incendiary, was condemn'd in the court ot gin, the Lord John Bonevil
was flain near the
our Lord the King at Dublin, by the Chief town of Lord Arnold Pover and
Arftol by the
Juftice the Lord John Wogan, on the twelfth his accomplices, and bury'd at Athy, in the
of the Kalends ot September, and was drawn Church of the Friers Predicants.
at a horfe's tail to the gallows, and there hang'd, Alfo, A Parliament was held at Kilkenny,
as he deferv'd. in the oftaves of the Purification of the BlefTed
Alfo, This year, a marble ciftern 'was made, Mary, by the Earl of Ulfter, John Wogan Ju-
to receive the Water from the conduit in Dub- fticiary of Ireland, and others of the nobility ;

lin (Tuch was never before (em here) by

as wherein a difference among certain of the great
the Mayor of the City, Mafter John Decer ; men ot Ireland was adjufted,
and many pro-
and all at his own proper charge. This fame vifo's made nature of ftatutes, which
in the

John, a little before, made a bridge to be built might have been a great advantage to the
over the river Aven-Liffie, near the priory of Kingdom, if they had been obferv'd.
S. Wolftan. He alfo built the Chapel of S. Alfo, fliortly after, the Lord Edward Botiller
Mary of the Friers minors, wherein he was return'd out ot England ; where he had been
buried; and the Chapel of S. Mary of the Hof- knighted, at London.
pital of S. John in Dublin. Alfo, the Earl of Ulfter, Roger Mortimer,
Alio, This John Decer was bountiful to the and the Lord John Fitz-Thomas, went over in-
convent of Friers Predicants in Dublin he : to England.
made one ftone-pillar in the Church, and laid Alfo, this year dy'd the Lord Theobald de
the great ftone upon the high altar, with its Verdon.
ornaments. MGCCX. K.Edward and the Lord Piers Ga-
Alfo, He entertain'd the Friers at his own vefton march'd tor Scotland againft Robert Brus.
Table on the fixth day of the Week, out of Alfo, there was this year a great fcarcity of
pure Charity ; as the feniors have reported to corn in Ireland: an * Eranc ot corn was fold for*£MBf(l ,
their juniors. twenty {hillings and upwards.
Alfo, The Lord John Wogan went over in Alfo, the Bakers ot Dublin were punifh'd
Autumn, to be at the Parliament of England ; after a new way for falfe weights For on S.
:

and the Lord William Bourk was appointed Sampfon the Bifliop's day, they were drawn up-
Keeper of Ireland in his room. on hurdles at horfes tails along theftreets of
Alfo, This year, on the eve of S. Simon and the City,
Jude, the Lord Roger de Mortimer and his Alfo, in the Abby of S. Thomas the Martyr
Lady, the right heir of Meth, the daughter of at Dublin, the Lord Nigel de Bruin Knight,
the Lord Peter fon of the Lord Gefterey Ge- Efcheator to our Lord the King in Ireland, de-
nevil, arriv'd in Ireland. As foon as they parted this life; and, his body was bury'd at
landed, they took pofleflion of Meth; the Lord the Friers-minors in Dublin, with fuch a num-
Gefferey Genevil giving it to them, and en- ber of tapers and wax-lights, as had never been
tfing himfelfin the Order of the Friers predi- feen in this Kingdom.
This

The ANNALS oj IRELAND.
This was held atKildare,
year, a Parliament
wherein, theLord Arnold Pover was acquitted
of the death of the Lord John Bouqvil tor it
was found Se defended/do.
Alfo, on S. Patrick's day, Alexander Bicke-
nor, unanimous confent of the
was (with the
Chapter) chofen Arcbbifhop of Dublin.
Alfo, the Lord Roger Mortimer, in the
oiftaves of the nativity 'of the
return'd into Ireland.
Alfo, this year dy'd the Lord Henry Lacy,
Earl of Lincoln.
MCCCXI. In Thomond at Bonnorathie, the
Lord Richard Clare gave the Earl of Ulftcr's
party a very wonderful defeat. The Lord
William Bourk, and John fon of the Lord
Walter Lacy, were taken prifoners, with many
others. This battle was fought on the 13th ot
the kalends of June, and great numbers, both
of the Englifli and the Irifh, were Main in
it.
Alfo, TaiTagard and Rathcantc were invaded
by the rapperies, namely the Brinnes, and
O Tothiles, the day after S. John Bapuft's
nativity : Whereupon, in Autumn,
a great Army was rais'd in Leinfter, to attack
them, where they skuik'd, in Glindelory and
in other woody places.
Alfo, in Auguft, a Parliament was holden at
London, between the King and the Barons, to
conlider the ftate of the Kingdom and the
King's houfhold; to be adminifter'd by fix Bi-
ihops, fix Earls, and fix Barons, for the good of
the Realm.
Alfo, on the fecond of the Ides of Novem-
ber, the Lord Richard de Clare cut off 600
Galegolaghes.
Alfo, on All-faints day laft,
was banifh'd England by the Earls and Barons ;
and many good Statutes were made by them for
the benefit of the Kingdom. Gaveflon was
banifh'd the Realm about the feaft of All-faints,
and went into Flanders from whence in tour
; little
months he return'd, foon after Epiphany, pri-
vately into England ; keeping fo clofe to the
King, that the Barons could not cafily come
near him. He went with the King to York,
making his abode there in Lent whereupon,
the Bifhops, Earls and Barons of England
came to London, to confider the ilate of the
Kingdom, left the return of Gaveflon might
. breed diflurbance therein.
Alfo, Sir John Cognn, Sir JJ/hher Fount, and Sir
John Fitz.-R.ery, Knights, dy'd this year, and
were bury'd in the Church of the Friers Predi-
cants in Dublin.
Alfo, John Macgoghedan was kiil'd by
Omolmoy.
Alfo, this year dy'd William Roch, being
Dublin, by an arrow, which an Irifh-
kiil'd at
highlander fliot at him.
Alfo, Sir Euftace le Pover Knight, dy'd
Alfo, on the eve of S. Peter's Chair, a riot
was by Robert Verdon.
occafion'd in Urgaly
Donat O Brene was trakeroufly kiil'd
Alfo,
by his own men, in Tothomond.
MCCCX1I. The Lord Piers Gaveflon went
into the caftlcof Scardeburg, to defend himfelf
agafnft the Barons. But loon after the kalends
of June, he furrendcr'd himfelf to the Lord
Aumare de Valence (who befieg'd him) upon
certain conditions. Valence was carrying him Bicknor was expecting the Pope's favour ; and
to London, but the Earl of Warwick inter- was afterwards made Archbifhop of Dublin.
cepted him at Dedington, and brought him to
Warwick j where, on the 1 3 th of the kalends of daughter of the Lord Richard de Exeter.
July, after a Confultation among the Earls and
Barons, he was beheaded, and burv'd in the rnolifii'd theCaftleof Manne, and onS. Earna-
i
'
Church of the Friers Predicants, at Langley.
Alfo, the Jufticiary of Ireland, John Wogan
\
fet out at the head of an army, againft Robert
Verdon and his accomplices and on the 6th ;
of the ides of July, had a terrible defeat. In
this Battle, Nicholas Avenel, Patrick Rcch,
and many others were cut off. Upon this, the
faidRobert de Verdon and many of his fol-
Eleffcd Virgin, lowers, furrendcr'd themfelvcs to the King's
meicy, in his prifon at Dublin.
Alfo, on thurfday, the day after S. Lucy the
Virgin, in the <5th year of King Edward, the
moon feem'd to be of feveral colours and that ;
day, it was refolv'd, that the Order of the
Templars fhould be abolifh'd.
Alio, the Lord Edmund le Botiller w as made r
Lieutenant to the Lord John Wogan, Jufticiary
of Ireland which Edmund, the Lent following,
;
befieg'd the O
Brinnes in Glyndekry, and tore'd
them to furrender ; nay, had utterly deftroy'd
them, if they had not fubmittedin time.
Alfo, the day after the feaft of S. Dominick,
O the Lord Maurice Fitz-Thomas marry'd Ca-
tharin the Earl of Ulfter's daughter, at Green-
foon after, Caftle, and Thomas Fitz-John marry'd another
daughter of the Earl, the day after the Af-
fumption, in the fame place.
Alfo, the Sunday after the feaft of the Ex-
altation of the HolyCrofs, the daughter of the
Earl of Glocefter, wife to the Lord John Burk,
was deliver'd of a fon.
MCCCXIII. Frier Roland Joce, Primat of
Armagh, arriv'd in the Me of Houth, the day
after the Annunciation of the blefled Mary ;
and, in the night, got privately out of his bed,
and took his Crofs, andcarry'd it as far as the
Priory of Grace-dieu where he was en- ;
Piers Gaveflon counter'd by fome of the Archbiftiop of Dub-
lin's fervants, who made him leave his Crofs,
and drove the Primat himfelf out of Leinfter,
in contufion.
Alfo, a Parliament was held at London, but
or nothing done towards a peace : The
King left them, and w ent into France, in com-
r
pliance with an order from that Court; taking
the Crofs upon him, with many of his Nobles.
Alfo, Nicholas Fitz-Mauiice and Robert
; Clonhul were knighted by the Lord John Fitz-
Thomas, at Adare
in Munfter.
Alfo, on laft of May, Robert de Brus
the
fent out gailies with Pirates in them, to
fome
pillage Ulfter; but the people made a ftout de-
fence, and drove them off. It is reported, that
Robert himfelf landed with them, by the Earl's
permiffion, in order to a Truce.
Alfo, this Summer, Mafter John Decer, a
Citizen of Dublin, caus'd a bridge to be built
(as was very neceflary) reaching from the Town
of Balyboght to the Caufey ot the Mill-pool of
Clontarf; which before was a very dangerous
paffage : But after great charge, the whole
bridge, arches and all, was thrown down by an
inundation.
Alfo, on the feaft of S. Laurence, dy'd John
de Leeks, Archbifhop of Dublin. were Two
elefted to fucceed; the Lord Walter Thornbury
the King's Chancellor in Ireland, and the Lord
Alexander Bicknore, Treafurer of Ireland.
But the Lord Walter Thornbury, with about an
hundred and fifty ii^s. more, were caft away at
Sea the night following. And, when he dy'd,
Alfo, the Lord Miles de Verdon marry'd the
Alfo, this year, the Lord Robert de Brus de-
[ d ] by's
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
by's day overcame the Lord Donegan Odowill. The fame year, the Lord Edmund le Botil-
On the feaft of" Marcellus and MarcellianuS, ler,Jufticiary of Ireland, about the feaft of S.

the Lord John Burk, heir of Richard Earl of Mary Magdalen, drew confide i^ble forces out
Ulfter, dy'd at Gallway. of Munfter, Leinfter, and other parts, and
Alio, the Lord Edmund le Botiller, on Sun- joyn'dtbe Earl of Ulfter at Dondalk, who had
day, being the feaft of S. Michael, made thirty drawn a mighty army out of Connaght and
Knights in Dublin-Caftle. thofe parts, and m::rch'd thither to meet him.
MCCCXIV. The Hofpitalcrs had the lands There they concerted what mcafures they fhould
of the Templars in Ireland beftow'd on take to deftroy the Scots: What theirrefolutions
them. were, is not known, but the Scots fled ; and if
Alio, the Lord John Parice was (lain at they had not, they had (as was hop'd) been
Pount. taken Prifoners.
Alfo, on S. Silvefter's day, the Lord Theo- After this, the Earl of Ulfter and the faid
bald de Verdon came Jufticiary into Ireland. Jufticiary, with the reft of the Nobility, re-

Alfo, the Lord Geffery de Genevile, a Frier, folv'd, as foon as they had cut off the Scots, to

dy'd the 12th of the kalends of November; and
was bury'd with his own order ot Friers pre-
dicants of Trym he was alfo Lord of the Li-
:
bring the Lord Edmund Brus dead or alive to
Dublin. Accordingly, the Earl purfu'd them,
as far as the river Branne, and then retir'd to-

berty ot Meth. wards Coyners. Brus perceiving this, pafs'd

Alfo, On S. Matthew's day, this year, Logh- the River privately, and fcllow'd him, and rut
feudy was burnt ; and the Friday ioilowing, the him to flight, with fbme others ct the Earl's
Lord Edmund le Botiller receiv'dhisCommifTion fide; having wounded George Roch, and flain

to be Jufticiary of Ireland. the Lord John Stanton, Roger Holiwood, and

MCCCXV. On S. John Baptift's day, the others. Many were likewife kiil'd on Brus's
Earl of Glocefter was kiil'd in an engagement fide ; and on the 10th of September, the Lord

with the Scots, and others without number were William Burk was taken Prifoncr, and the Earl
kiil'd and taken prifoners by them. The Scots w as defeated near Coyners; whereupon an In-
r

grew infolent upon this fuccefs, and pofl'efs'd King and the
furreciion of the Irifh againft the

themfelves of much land and tribute in Nor- Earl of Ulfter, follow 'd in Conaught and
thumberland. Meth, and they burnt the'Caftles of Athalon,
Alfo, Shortly after they inverted Carliflc, Raudon, and others. In the faid battle of
where James Douglas was crufh'd to death by a Coyners, the Baron of Donull fignaliz'd his
Wall that fell upon him. Valour but he fufter'd very much in his
;

This year, the Scots, not content with their Goods and the Scots drove them as far as
;

own territories, arriv'd in tiie north part
Ireland at Clondonne, to the number of dooo
fightingmen and expert foldiers; namely, Ed-
ward le Brus, whole brother to Robert King
of Scots, with the Earl of Morreth, John de
Meneteth, John Steward, the Lord John Cam-
ot Cragfergus, where iome of the Earl's party
fled, but others enter'd the Caftle, and defended
it with great valour. Afterwards, certain Sea-
men came fuddenly from the Port-Towns of
England, and furpris'd the Scots, and kiil'd
forty of them ; carrying their Tents, &'c. away.

bel, Thomas Randolfe, Fergus de Andrcilan, The day after the Exaltation of the'Holy Croft,
John deBofco, and John Billet; who poffefs'd the Earl of "Morreft went over with four Pi-
themfelves of Ulfter, and drove the Lord Tho- rate-fhips laden with Irifh Commodities, into

mas Mandevile, and other fubjects, out of their
eftates.
The Scots enter'd Ireland on the Feaft of S.
Auguftin the Englifh Apoftie, in the month of
May, near Cragfergus in Ulfter : The iirft En-
Counter between the Englifh and them, was
near Banne, wherein the Earl of Ulfter was put
Scotland, and carry'd with them the Lord Wil-
liam Burk; intending there to pick up a Rein-
forcement of his Army. One of the Ships \vas
call:away. All this while, the faid Brus was
carrying on the Siege of Cnigfergus-caftle. Ac
the fame time, Cathil Roge demolifh'd three
Caftles of the Earl of Ulfter's in Connaught,

to flight, and William Burk, John de Stanton, where he likewife burnt and plunder'd many
and many others, were taken Prifoners many : Towns. And then alfo the" Englifh. 'Sea-men
of the Englifh were kiil'd, and the Scots got above-mention'd went to trie faid Caftle, and
the day. the Lords skirmifh'd with one another, and
The fecond Encounter was at Keniys in Hll'd many of the Scots. Richard de Ian de
Meth, where Roger Mortimer and his foldiers O-Fcrivil was (lain alfo about this time by "an
were put to flight. Irifh-man.
The third was at Sketheris, hard by Arftol, Alfo, afterwards, upon S. Nicholas day, 'Is
the day after S. Paul's Comerfion ; the Englifti Brus left Cragfergus, and was joyn'd by the
fled, and were routed by the Scots Whereupon, : Earl of Morreft with 500 Men ; fo, they
the faid Edward le Brus, after the Feaft of S. march 'd together towards Duudalk Many:

Philip and S. James, got himfelf crown'd King flock'd-in to them, and gave them their affift-
of Ireland. Having taken Green-Caftle, they ance. From thence they pafs'd on to Nobee ;
pofted themfelves in it ; but the citizens ot where they kit many ot their Men, about the
Dublin foon rcmor'd them, and reeover'd it for feaft of S. Andrew. Brus himfelf burnt Ken-
the King ; and finding there the Lord Robert leys in Meth and Grenard, £.nd rifled and

de Coulragh, the govrrnour of the Caftle, fpoil'd the faidMonaftery. He alfo burnt Fin-
they brought him to Dublin, where he was nagh and Ntwcaftle, and all that Country and ;

imprifon'd ; and, being kept to hard diet, after they had kept their Chriftmas at Logh-
dy'd. fudy, theyburnt that likewife. After this, they
Alfo, on S. and S. Paul's day, the
Peter march'd fonvard by Totmoy to Rathymegan
Scots came to Dondalk, took it, plunder'd it, and' Kildare, and the Country about Triftetder-
and then burnt it after they had kiil'd all who
; mot, Athy, and Reban ; in which Expedition
oppos'd them. A great part of Urgale was they loft fevcral Men. After that, le Brus ad-
likewife burnt by them as was alfo the Church
: vane'd to Skethy near Arfcoll in Leinfter, where

* De Atria of the bleflcd Virgin Mary* in Atterith (full he was engag'd. by the Lord Edmund Botiller
I>ci. of men, women, and children) by them and Jufticiary of Ireland, the Lord John Fitz-

the Irifh. Thomas, Thomas Arnald Power, and other

Noble-
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
Noblemen of Leinfler and Munfter ; fo ftrong, Afterwards, a Parliament of the Nobility
that any fingle Lord ot them might have been was held, but they came to no Resolutions;
an over-match for Erus and his whole Party. and in their return they laid wafte the Coun-
But a difference arihng, they left the Field, in try. The Lord Walter de Lacy came to Dub-
great diforder and cdniufion, to him, according lin, to clear his reputation, and give fecurity
to that which is written, Every Kingdom divi- to the King, as others of the Nobility did.
ded againjl it felj u brought to dejdation. Hay- At this time, Edward de Erus was in Ulfter,
mund le Grace, a noble 'Squire, and particu- but did no mifchief.
larly loyal to his King and Country, and Alfo, The Otothiles, the O Brynnes, Ar-
Sir William Prendregeft, Knight, were both chibalds and Harolds, combin'd, and wafted
Main. The Scots loft the Lord Fergus Andrilfan, the Village of Wikelowe, and the Country
the Lord Walter Morrey, and many others, thereabouts. The firft Week in Lent, the Earl
who w ere r
buried at Athy, in the Convent of of Morreff fail'd into Scotland, and le Brus
the Friers Predicants. took cognizance of all Pleas in Ulfter, and con-
Afterwards, Bras, in his return towards demn'd many to the Gallows.
Meth, burnt the caftle of Loy, and lb the Alfo, In the middle of Lent he try'd Guifes,
Scots march'd to Kenlis in Meth, where the and executed the Logans, and took the Lord
Lord Roger Mortimer took the field againft Alan Fitz-Warin, attdcafry'd him into Scotland.
them with a numerous Army, amounting to Alfo, This year Fennynger O
Conghyr flew
near 15000, but not unanimous and true to Cale-Rothe, together with the Gallog'laphes,
one another, as was believ'd. For rho' this and about three hundred more. This lent,
Body was all under the Command of the faid Corn fold after
the rate of eighteen Shillings,
Roger, yet they ran-away about three a- and the Eafter following for eleven.
cloclt, and deferted him particularly, the La-
; MCCCXVI. The Lord Thomas Maunde-
cies ; fo that the Lord Mortimer was oblig'd to vile march'd out of Drogheda with a ftrong
retreat to Dublin with a fmsll Party, and the party to Cragfergus, * on Maundy-thurfday, * Die
Jovis
Lord Walter Cufake to the Caftle of Trym ; and engag'd the Scots, and put them to flight, '« cana Do-
leaving the Country and the Town of Kenlis, and kill'd about thirty cf them. Afterwards,""*'-
to the Scots. on Eafter-eve, he attacked them again, and,
Alfo, At the fame time, all the South-part about the Kalends, kill'd many of them. In
of the Country was burnt by the Irifh of thofe this Encounter, the Lord Thomas Maundcvile
parts, viz,. Arclo, Newcaftlc, Bree, and all the was (lain in his own Country, t in defence of ^ Vn jure
adjacent Villages, under the conduct of the his own rights. fug.
Otothiles and the O
Brynncs. The Omor- Alfo, Many Irifh were flain in Conaught
ghes alio burnt and wafted part of Leys in and thereabouts, by the Lord Richard de Clare
Leinfler ; but moft of them w'ere cut off by and the Lord Richard Bermyngham.
the Lord Edmund Botiller, Jufticiary of Ire- Alfo, On the Sabbath next after the Afcen-
land, and about eight hundred of their Heads fion, Donnyger O
Brynn, a ftout Rapparee,
carry 'd to Dublin-caftle. with twelve of his Accomplices, were all cut
Alfo, This year, about the feafl of the Pu- off by the Lord William Comyn and his Par-
rificationof the blefled Virgin, fome of the ty, who kept the Peace; and their Heads were
Irifh and the Lord Fitz-Thomas,
Nobility, brought to Dublin.
Richard Lord Clare, the Lord John le Pover Alfo, The People of Dundalk fally'd out up-
and the Lord Arnold Pover, came to the Lord on O
Hanlan, and kill'd about two hundred
John de Hotham (who was appointed on the of the Irifh ; and here, Robert de Verdon, a
part of the King) to eftablifh a Peace for their warlike 'Squire, was cut off.
future quiet and fafety ; fo, they took their Alfo, At the feafl: of Pentecofl this year,
Oaths to Hand by the King of England with Richard de Bermyngham flew three hun-*
their lives, and to do their beft to prefervc dred Irifh, or more, in Munfter ; and after, a-
the peace, and to deftroy the Scots. For per- bout the Nativity of S. John Baptift, le Brus
formance whereof, they gave Pledges, before came to Cragfergus-caftie, and commanded the
God, and fo return'd. All the reft of the Irifh Keepers to furrender it, according to an a-
Nobilitywho fhould rcfufe to follow the fame greement between them, as he alledg'd. They
courfe, were to be look'd upon as Enemies to anfwer'd, That they were oblig'd to do fo, and
the King. order'd that thirty might be fent to them, and
Alfo, The Lord John Byffet departed this that they might have their lives fpar'd. All
life; and the Church of the new Village of this was agreed to. But as foon as the thirty
Leys, with the Belfrey, was burnt by the Scots, Scots were within the Caftle, they (hut them
The Caftle of Northburg in Ulfter was alfo up, and imprifon'd them.
taken by them. About this time, the Irifh of Mayll O
Alfo, Fidelmicus O
Conghyr, King of Co- march 'd towards Tullagh, and there fought :

naught, kill'd Rorick the fon of Cathol O in this Battle about four hundred of the Irifh
Conghyr. were flain, and their Heads fent to Dublin.
Alfo, This year dy'd the Lord William Manyftrange things were feen there afterwards;
Maundevil, and the Bifhop of Coner fled to dead men feeming to arife and fight with one
the Caftle ot Cragfergus, and the Bifhoprick another, crying out, Fennokabo, as the fignal.
Was laid under an Interdict. Lord Hugh of About the feaft of S. Thomas's Tranflation,
Antony was flain in Conaught. eight Ships were fet out at Drogheda, with
Alfo, This year, on Valentin's-day, the Provifions for Cragfergus. But thefe were di-
Scots made
halt near Gefhil and Otfaley ;
a fturb'd in their' Voyage by the Earl of Ulfter,
and' the Englifh Army near Kildare, and the for the redemption cf William de Burgo, who
Scots, were fo pir.ch'd for Provifion, that ma-
was taken with the Scots. On the Sabbath-
ny of them were ftarved ; fo, they broke up day following, the Earl of Ulfter, the
Lord
fecretly, and march'd towards Fowier in Meth. John Fitz-Thomas, and
many others of the
The Sunday following, they Were fo much Nobility, enter'd into an union at Dublin, and
weaken'd with hunger and hard Service, that agreed to maintain the peace of
Ireland, with
manv of them dy'd, 1

their lives and fortunes.

t This
 The JNNALS of IRELAND.
This fame year, we had News from Co-
naught, That many of the Englifh, viz,, the
Lord Stephen of Exeter, Miles Cogan, many
ot the Barries, and about eighty of the Ladles,
were kih'd by O Gonghyr,
Alfo, The Week aher S. Laurence's day,
four of the Irifh Kings in Conaught, broke out
into open War againft the Englifli ; whereupon,
His fon and heir the Lord Thomas Fitz-John, a
very wife Man, fucceeded him.
After this, we had News that the Caftle of
Cragfergus was furrender'd to the Scots, upon
condition that the lives of the Garrifon fhould
be faved.
On the day of the Exaltation of the holy
Crofs, Conghor was flaiii, together with Mac-

the Lord William Bourk, the Lord Richard keley and fifty Irifh,
by the Lord William Burk
Bermyngham, the Lord of Anry, and their and Richard Bermyngham, in Conaught.
Followers, took the Field againft them, and Alfo, On the Monday before All-Saints-day,
cut off about nooo of them near Anry; which many of the
Scots were llain in Ulfler by John
Village was afterwards wall'd round with the and the Lord Hugh BifTetj namely,
Loggan,
Arms and Spoil of the Enemy ; for every Eng- about loo With double Arms, and 200 with
lifliman who had taken two Weapons from the fingle Arms. The ilain in all, amounted to
Irifh, contributed one towards that Work. In 300, befides foot. Afterward, on the Eve of
this Engagement, Fedelmic O Conghyr, King S. Edmund the King, there was fuch a Storm
of Conaught, with O Kelly, and feveral other of Wind and Rain, as threw down many Houfes,
petty Kings, were flaiu. John Hufee, the and beat down the Bell of Trinity-church in
* Carnifcx. * Executioner of Amy, was in this Battle ; and Dublin, and did much mifebief both by Sea
the fame night flood among the dead, accord- and Land.
ing to his Lord of Anry's order, to find out O Alio, On the Eve of S. Nicholas, the Lord
Kelly, who unkennell'd at laft ; and, as he Alan Stewart, who was taken PrifonLr in Ul-
and his 'Squire came torch, call'd to the faid fler by John Loggan and the Lord John San-
Hufee with a loud Voice, Go with me, and I dale, was carry'd to Dublin-caflle.
will make thee a great Lord in my Dominions. Thisfame year, there came News from Eng-
But Hufee anfwer'd him, I will not go with land, of a difl'enfion between the King and the
thee; but thou (halt go to my mailer Richard Earl of Lancafler, that they were for taking
Bermyngham. O Kelly told him, Thou haft one another Prifoners, and that the whole King-
but one Servant, and I have a trufly 'Squire ;dom was embroil'd about it.
therefore come with me, and fave thy Lite. This year alfo, about the feafl of Andrew
Hufee's Servant prefs'd him, faying, Comply the Apoftle, the Lord Hugh le Defpencer, and
and go to O Kelly, that we may be fav'd and the Lord Bartholomew de Baldefmere, the Bi-
cnrich'd, for they are flronger than we. But fhop of Worcefler, and the Bifhop of Ely, were
Hufee firft kill'd his own Servant, and then fent to Rome, to negotiate fome important Bu-
kill'dO Kelly and his 'Squire, and cut off the finefs of the King's, concerning Scotland who ;

three Heads, and brought them to Richard return'd again into England about the feafl of
Bermyngham his Mailer, who gave him much the Purification.
Land for his Service, and confer *d Knighthood Alfo, the Lacies came to Dublin after the
upon him as he well deferv'd. fame feafl, and fhew'd by Inquifition, that the
The fame year, about S. Laurence 's-day, O Scots were not brought into Ireland by their
Hanlan came to Dundalk, in order to diflrain ; means ; whereupon they were acquitted, and
but the People of Dundalk fell upon him, and had the King's Charter tor protection and fafe-
kill'd many of his men. ty, u^on taking their Oaths to keep the Peace,
Alfo, On the Monday before the feafl of the and do their utmoft to deftroy the Scots.
Nativity of S. Mary, David O Totothil with Alfo, This year, after the feafl of the Cir-
four more, came and hid themfelves all night cumcifion, the Scots march 'd privately as fir
in the Wood of Coleyn ; but being difcover'd as Slain with 20000 armed Men, and ravag'd
by the Dublinians and the 'Lord William Co- the Country the Army of Ulfler Hying be-
,-

myn, they iflu'd out and drove them back fix fore them.
Leagues, killing about feventcen, and wound- Afterwards, on the Monday before the reaft
ing many of them mortally. of S. Matthias the Apoftle, the Earl of Ulfler
Alfo, A Report came to Dublin, That the was apprehended in S. Mary's Abby by the
Lord Robert de Bms King of Scotland, was Mayor or Dublin, viz* Robert Notyngham,
landed in Ireland to afTifl his Brother Edward ; and carry'd to Dublin-caflle, where he was
and that the Scots had befieg'd Cragtergus- long imprifou'd, and the Chamber wherein he
caflle in Ulfler. The Monafleries of S. Patrick, was kept, was burnt, and feven ot the Earl's
dc Duno, and de Seballo, and feveral others, Attendants (lain.
both Monks, and preaching Canons and Mi- The fame Week, on the Eve of S. Matthias,
nors, were defcroy'd by them in Ulfler. Le Brus march'd towards Dublin at the Head
Alfo, The Lord William Bourk gave his foil of his Army ; and, hearing of the Earl's Impri-
for an Hoflage, and was fet at liberty in Scot- fonment, turn 'd off towards Cnok-caflle, which
land. The Church of Brught in Ulfler was he enter'd, and therein took the Lord Hugh
burnt by the Scots and Irifh of that Province, Tircll with his Wite, who was Baron of it ;
almofl full of Men and Women. and they were afterwards ranfom'd for Money.
At the fame time came News from Crag- That Night it was agreed, by common con-
fergus, That the Garrifon liv'd upon Hides for fent, among the Citizens of Dublin, That S.
want of Victuals, and had eat up eight Scots Thomas's-flreet fhould be burnt down for fear
who were taken; fo that it was much lament- of the Scots; the flames whereof unfortunately
ed that no body reliev'd fuch brave men. got hold of S. John's-church, and burnt it
On the Friday following, came News, That down likewife, with Magdalen-chapel, and all
Thomas fori of the Earl of Ulfter was dead. the Suburbs of the City, and S. Mary's Mo-
And on Sunday following, being the next naflery. The Church of S. Patrick was fpoil'd
after the Nativity of the bleifed Virgin, the by the faid Villains.
Lord John Fitz-Thomas dy'd at Laraghbrine Alfo, The Church of S. Saviour, which be-
near Maynoth, and was buried among the Fn- longs to the Friers- Predicants, was deftroy'd by
crs-minors at Kildare. He is faid to have been the Mayor and the Citizens, and the Stones
made Earl of Kildare a little before his death. converted to the building of the City walls,
which
 ;

___ The ANNALS of IRELAND.

which were enlarg'd on the norrh part above dare,) Richard de Clare with the Ulfter-
the Key ; tor formerly the Walls ran by the Army the Lord Arnold Pover Baron of Don-
Church or' S. Owen, where we ftill fee a Tower noyll, Maurice Rochford, Thomas Fitz-Mau-
beyond the Gate, with another Gate in the. rice, and the Cauntons with their Followers,
Street where the Taverns are. However, the met together, to concert meafures againft the
Mayor and Citizens were afterwards command- Scots ; this Debate, continu'd a whole Week,
ed by the King of England, to make another and at Lift they came to no Refolution, tho'
Convent as formerly. After the feaft 'of S. their Army amounted to 30000 Men, or there-
Matthias, Le Bras underftanding that the Ci- abouts, well arm'd. On Thurfday in Eafter-
ty was fortify 'd, he march'd towards Salmon 's- week, Roger Mortimer arriv'd at Yoghall with
^

leap, where Robert le Brus King of Scotland, the King's Commiflion, for he was Jufticiary
with Edward le Brus, the Earl of Morrey, at that time ; and the Monday following went
John de Meneteth, the Lord John Steward, in great hafte to the Army, having fent a Let-
and the Lord Philip Mountbray encamp'd
, ter to Edmund Botiller, who, as has beeri
themfelves, and continu'd four days; during faid, was formerly Jufticiary, to enterprife no-
which, they burnt part of the Village, and thing againft the Scots till his Arrival; but be-
broke open the Church and rifled it, and then fore Mortimer got to the Camp, Le Brus had
march'd towards Le Naas. The Lacies, con- fecret Advice to retreat ; fo, the Night follow-
trary to their Oaths, conducted and advis'd ing, he march'd towards Kildare ; and the
them ; and the Lord Hugh Canon made Wa- week after, the Englilh, rcturn'd to their fe-
din White, his Wife's Brother, be their guide veral Countries, and the Ulfter-Army came td
through the Country. So they came to Le Naas.
Naas , plunder 'd the Village , enter'd the Atthe fame time, two Meflengers were fenc
Churches, and open'd the Graves in the Church- from Dublin to the King of England, to give
yard for hidden Treafure, and did many other him an account of the ftate of Ireland and to
Mifchiefs during the two days they ftay a there. pray his Majefty's Inftruftions ; and alfo of the
After this, they took their march towards Tre- fetting at Liberty of the Earl of Ulfter.
ilildermote, in the fecond week in Lent, and de- At the fame time likewife, the Lord Roger
ftroy'd the Friers-minors, taking away their Mortimer, Jufticiary of Ireland, and the Irilh
Books, Veftments, and other Ornaments. From Nobility, met together at Kilkenny, to confi-
hence they retir'd to Baligaveran, and Co to der how they might oppofe Le Brus ; but came
Callan, about the feaft of S. Gregory, Pope, to no Refolution.
leaving the Village of Kilkenny. About a month after Eaftef, Le Brus came
At the fame time, Letters were brought with an Army within four Leagues, or there-
by theLord Edmund Botiller Jufticiary of Ire- abouts, of Trym, under the cover of a certain
land, and by the Lord Thomas Fitz-John Earl Wood, and there continu'd a week or more, to
of Kildare, the Lord Richard de Clare, the refrefh his Men, who were ready to die
with
Lord Arnold le Pover and the Lord Maurice fatigue and hunger; which cccalion'd a great
Fitz-Thomas, to fuffer the Earl of Uifter to mortality among them.
be bail'd and fet at liberty by the King's Writ Afterwards, on S. Philip and S. James's-day,
but nothing was done in it at that time. the faid Brus began his march towards Ulfter ;
The People of Ulfler came afterwards in a and after the faid feaft, the Lord Roger Mor-
great Body amounting to IIM. and defir'd af- timer Jufticiary of Ireland, came to Dublin,
fiflance from the King againft the Scots Up- with the Lord John Wogan, the Lord Fulk
:

on which, the King's Banner was deliver'd to Warin, and thirty Knights, with their Reti-
them; but as foon as they got it, they did nue ; who held a Parliament with all the No-
more mifchief than the Scots themfelves ; they bility of the Kingdom at Kylmaynan ; but did
eat Flefh all the Lent, and almoft deftroy'd nothing, except only what palled concerning
the whole Country, for which they were ac- the fetting at Liberty of the Earl of Ulfter.
curs'd both by God and Man. On the Sunday before Afcenlion, they held
Edmund * Butler gave the Irilh a great de- another. Parliament at Dublin, and there the
feat near the defert of Dermic, e. Treftil-
;'.
Earl of Ulfter was deliver'd upon Mainprife,
dermot. Hoftages, and Oaths; which were, That he
Alfo, The faid Edmund being now Jufticia- ftiould never by himfelf nor any of his Friends
ry of Ireland, defeated O
Morghe at Balile- and Followers, do or procure any mifchief to
than with great {laughter. The Scots under the Citizens of Dublin for apprehending him,
le Brus were got as far as Limerick. But the fave only what the Law allow'd in thofe Cafes
Englilh in Ireland, being drawn together in againft Offenders; to which end, he had till
great Bodies to Ledyn, they retreated private- the Nativity of S. John allow'd him but he ;

ly in the night from Conninger-Cafile. came not at the day.

About Palm-funday, News came to Dublin, Alfo, This year, Com and other Provifiohs
That the Scots were at Kenlys in Oflbry, and were exceeding dear. Wheat was fold at three
that the Irifh Nobility were at Kilkenny, and and twenty Shillings the Cranock, and Wine
had drawn a great Army together there, to en- for eight pence, and the whole Country was
gage Le Brus. On
the Monday following, the in a manner laid wafte by the Scots and thofe of
King lent an Order to the People of Ulfter to Ulfter. Many Houfe-keepers, ahd fuch as
advance againft the Scots with all fpeed, under Were formerly able to relieve others, went a
the command of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of begging ; and great numbers dy'd of hunger.
Kildare. Whereupon they march'd; Le Brus The Peftilence and Famine were fo fevere, that
being then at Calhell, from whence he mov'd many of the Poor dy'd.
to Nanath, where he ftay'd fome time, and At the fame time, Meflengers arriv'd at
burnt and deftroy'd all the Pofl'effions of the Dublin from England, with Pardons to make
Lord Butler. ufe of as they fllould fee fit ; but the Earl was
MCCCXVII. On Maundy-Thurfday, the deliver'd before they came. At the feaft of
Lord Edmund le Botiller Jufticiary of Ireland, Pentecoft, Mortimer the Jufticiary fet out for
the Lord Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare Drogheda from whence he went to Trym,
;

(for theKing had conferr'd upon him the ju- fending his Letter to the Lacies to repair to him
;
rifdiftion and liberty of the
Earldom of Kil- but they rejected the Summons with contempt.
[ e ] Afterwards,'
 :

The ANNALS of IRELAND.

Afterwards, the Lord Hugh de Crofres, of the KingVbencu, was flain between Naas
Knight, was fent to treat of a Peace with and Caftle-Martin, by Andrew Bermynghim.
the Lacies, but was ilain by them ;
(a faft Alfo, At the feaft of the Purification ot the

much to be lamented!) After that, Mortimer bleffed Virgin Mary, came the Pope's Bulls ;

the Jufticiary drew an Army Together againft whereupon Alexander Bicknor was confirm'd
the Lacies ; by which their Goods, Cattle, and and confecrated Archbifhop of Dublin, and the
Bulls were read and publifh'd in Trinity-church.
Treasures, were all feiz'd, many of their Fol-
lowers cut off, and themfelves driven into
Co- Another Bull was read at the fame time, for a
Peace for two years between the King of Eng-
naught, and ruin'd.
was reported, That the Lord Walter La- land, and Robert Brus King of Scotland. But
It
cy went out as far as Ulfter, to feek Erus. Brus refus'd to comply with it. Thefe things
About the feaft of Pentecoft, the Lord
Alfo, were tranfiicled about the feaft of S. Valentine.
de Valencia and his fon were taken Alfo, the Sunday following, the Lord Roger
Aumar
Prifoners in S. Cinere, a Town in Flanders, Mortimer came to Dublin, and knighted the
and convey'd into Almain. The fame year, on Lord John Mortimer and four of his Followers.
the Monday after the Nativity of S. John Bap- The fame day, he kept a great feaft in the ca-
a Parliament of the Nobility was held at ftle of" Dublin.
tift,
Dublin, where the Earl of Ulfter was fet at Alfo, There was a great (laughter of the
liberty ; who took his Oath, and found Secu- Irifh in Conaught at this time, by reafoii of a
rity, w anfwef the King's Writs, and to fight Quarrel between two of their Kings The :

againft the King's Enemies, both Scots and number of the flain amounted to about 4000
Irilh. ', .
men on both fides. After this, a fevere Judg-
,

Alfo, the day of S. Procefs and Marti-

On ment fell upon the Ulfter-men, who had done:
njan, Thomas Dover, a refolute
Pyrate, was great mifchief during the depredations of the

taken in a Sea-fight by the Lord John de Athy, Scots here, and eat Flefh in Lent without any

and forty of his Men, or thereabouts, cutoff; manner of neceflity ; for which fins, they were

and his Head was brought by him to Dublin. at laft redue'd to fuch w'ant, that they eat one

Alfo, On the day ot S. Thomas's Tranfla- another ; fo that of 10000, there remain'd but
tion, the Lord Nicholas de Balfcot brought about 300, who hardly efcap'd. By which ap-
News from England, That two Cardinals were pears the divine Vengeance. Alfo, It was re-
come from the Court of Rome to treat of a ported, and that truly, That fome of the faid

Peace, and that they had a Bull for excommu-

Profligates were fo pinch'd with Famine, that

nicating all fuch as fhould break the King's they dug up dead Bodies in Church-yards, and
after they had boil'd the Flefh in the Skull of

Alfo, On the Thurfday next before the feaft the dead Body, eat it ; nay, that fome Women

of S. Margaret, Hugh and Walter Lacy were eat their own Children.

proclaim'd Felons and Traytors to their King, MCCCXVIII. On the Qnindene of Eafter,
for breaking out into war againft
their Sove- there came News from England into Ireland,

reign. .
That the Town of Berwick was betray'd, and
Alfo, On the Sunday following, the Lord taken by the Scots. Afterwards, the fame
Roger Mortimer Jufticiary of Ireland, march'd year, Mafter Walter de Iflep, the King's Trea-
with his whole Army towards Droghcda. surer in Ireland, arriv'd here, and brought a

At the fame time, the Ulfter-men took a Letter to the Lord Roger Mortimer, to attend
good Booty near Drogheda; but the Inhabitants the King. Accordingly, he did fc, fubfutu-
fallied out and retook it: In this Action,
Miles ting the Lord William Archbifhop of Cafhil,
Cogan and his Brother were, both flain, and fix Keeper of Ireland ; fo that at one and the fame
other Lords of Ulfter were taken Prifoners, and time, he was Jufticiary of Ireland, Chancellor,
brought to the Caftle of Dublin. and Archbifhop.
Afterwards, Mortimer the Jufticiary led his Three weeks after Eafter, News came to
Army againft Fervill, Oand commanded Dublin, That the Lord Richard de Clare and
* Pajfumma-* Malpafs to be cut down, and all his Houfes four Knights, viz,. Sir Henry Capell, Sir Tho-
Itm.
t0 De deftroy'd : Afterthis, Fervill fubmitted, O mas de Naas, Sir James de Caunton, and Sir
and gave Hoftages. John de Caunton, as alfo, Adam Apilgard,
_

Alfo, The Lord Roger Mortimer Jufticiary,

>

with eighty Men more, were all flain by O

\CcpiMnqui- march'd towardsCIony, and j empannell'd a Ju- Brene and Mac-Carthy, on the feaft of S. Gor-
ptioaem. rv U pon the Lord John Blound, viz,. White of dian and Epimachus. The Lord Clare's Body
Rathregan by this,
: he was found guilty, and was reported to be torn in pieces out of.
find two hundred marks. On Sunday after pure fpite : But the Remains were interred

the feaft of the Nativity of the blefted Virgin, among the Friers-minors in Limerick.
Mortimer march'd with a great Army againft Alio, On Sunday, in Eafter-month, John

the Irilh of O-Mayl, and came to Glinfely, Lacy was remov'd from Dublin-caftle to Trym,
where many w ere flain both Englifh and Iriih,
r
for his Trial, and to hear his Sentence, wnich

but the Irifh had the worft Soon after, : : : : : was, to be {tinted to a Diet; and fo he dy'd in
O Brynne came and fubmitted. Whereupon, Prifon.
Alfo, On the Sunday before Afcenfion, the
Roger Mortimer return'd with his Men, to
Dublin-caftle. Lord Roger Mortimer fet fail for England, but
On Simon and S. Jude's-day, the Arche-
S. paid nothing for his Provifions ; which he had
boldes had the King's Peace, upon the Engage- taken in the City of Dublin, and no where
ment of the Earl of Kildare. elfe ; as much as amounted to 1000 /.

At the feaft of S. Hilary following, a Parlia- Alfo, This year, about the feaft of S. John
held at Lincoln, to treat of a Peace Baptift, the Wheat which before was fold for
ment was
between the King, and the Earl of Lancafter, fixteen Shillings, by the great mercy of God
and the Scots. The Scots continu'd peaceable went now for {even. Oats fold for five Shil-
and quiet: and the Lord Archbifhop of Dub- lings, and there was alfo great plenty of Wine,
lin and the Earl of Ulfter ilay'd in England by Salt, and Fifh Nay, about the Feaft of S.
:

the King's Order to attend that Parliament. James, there was Bread of new Corn; a thing
feaft of Epiphany, News came to feldom or never before known in Ireland. This
About the
Dublin, That the Lord Hugh Canon, Juftice was an Inftance of God's mercy, and was
owing
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
owing to the prayers of the Poor, and other Mafier in Divinity, was Frier Edmund de
faithful People. Kermerdyn. Alfo, Roger Mortimer Jufticiary
Alfo, On the Sunday after the feaft of S. ot Ireland, return'd into England,
leaving the
Michael, news came to Dublin, That the Lord Lord Thomas Fitz-John, then Earl
of Kildare,
Alexander dc Bykenore King's Juftice in Ireland his Deputy.
and Archbifliop of Dublin, was arriv'd at Yog- Alfo, The Lord Edmund Botiller
went into
hill. On S. Denis's day, he came to Dublin, England, * and then came to S. James's. * E > !ni ' «•>
and was honourably rcceiv'd by the Religious Alfo, Leghelyn-bridge was built by Mafter * ?""'""'
and Clergy, as well as the Laity, wiio went out Moris Jak, Canon of the Cathedral Church "'"•""'
of
in Proceflioll to meet him. Kildare.
Alfo, On Saturday, which was the feaft of MCCCXXI. The Conghors were put to
O
PopeCalixtus, a Battle was fought between the great (laughter at Eaiibogan on the
ninth of
Scots, and Englifh of Ireland, two leagues May, by the People of Leinfter and
Meth. .

from Dundalk on the Scotch-fide, there were

: Alfo, The Lord Edmund Botiller dy'd ill
the Lord Edward de Brus, who call'd himfelf London, and was buried at
Balygaveran in Ire-
Kingot Ireland, the Lord Philip deMountbray, land. John Bermingham Earl of Lowth,
was
the Lord Walter Sules, the Lord Alan Stewart, made Jufticiary of Ireland. John Wogan dy'd
With his three Brothers ; as alfo, the Lord alfo this year.
Walter de Lacy, and the Lords Robert and Au- MCCCXXII. Andrew Bermingham and Ni-
mar Lacy, John Kermerdyne and Walter White, cholas de la Lond Knight, were (lain, with
with about 3000 more. Againft whom, on the many others, by O
Nalan, on Michaelmas-
Englifll-fide, were the Lord John de Berming- day.
ham, the Lord Richard Tuit, the Lord Miles MCCCXXIII. A Truce was made between
Verdon, the Lord Hugh Tripton, the Lord the King of England and Robert Brus
King of
Herbert de Sutton, the Lord John de Cufak, Scots, for fourteen years. Alfo,
John Darcy
the Lord Edward and the Lord William Bir- came Chief Juftice into Ireland.
Alfo, John
mingham, and the Primate of Armagh, who eldeft fon of the Lord Thomas
Fitz-John Earl
gave them all Abfolution ; befides the Lord ot Kildare,, dy'd in the ninth
year of his
Walter de Larpulk, and John Maupas, with Age.
about twenty more choice Soldiers and well MCCCXXIV. Nicholas de Gencvile, fon
arm'd, who came from Drogheda. The Eng- and heir to the Lord Simon de
Genevile, dy'd
lifh gave the onfet, and broke in upon the Van this year, and was bury'd in the Church of
the
of the Enemy with great vigour And in this Friers-predicants, at Trym. Alfo, there hap-
:

Encounter the faid John Maupas kill'd the Lord pen'd a very high wind on
the Epiphany, at
Edward de Brus valiantly and honourably, and night.
was afterwards found iiain upon the Body of the Alfo, There was a general murrain of Oxen
faid Edward. The llain,on the Scots fide, amount- and Kine, in Ireland.
ed to 2000 or thereabouts; fo that few of them MCCCXX V. Richard Lederede, Eifho-> of
efcap'd, beiides the Lord Philip de Mountbray, Oft'ory, cited Dame Alice Ketyll, to anfwer for
who was alfo mortally wounded, and the Lord her heretical Opinions, and fore'd her to appear
Hugh de Lacy, the Lord Walter de Lacy, and in Perfon before him. And being examined
for
fome few more, who with much ado got olf. This Sorcery, it was found that flle
had us'd it a- :

Battle was fought between Dundalk and Fag- mong other inftances, this
was difcover'd, That
hird. Brus's Head was brought, by the Lord a certain t Spirit, call'd
Robin Artyflbn, layt- *™*" *
John Bermingham, to the K. of England, who with her; and that fhe ofter'd nine red Cocks '"'""
at
conferr'd the Earldom of Louth upon him and a certain Stone-bridge,
where four High-ways
his Heirs male, and gave him the Barony of met.
Aterith. One of his Quarters, together with Alfo, that fhe fwept the ftreets of Kilkenny
the Hands and Heart, were carry'd to Dublin, with Beefoms, between Complin
and Courefewj
and the other Quarters fent to other Places. and in fweeping the Filth towards the houfe of
MCCCX1X. The Lord Roger Mortimer re- William Utlaw htr fan, was heard to wilh,
turn'd out of England, and was made Jufticiary by way of conjuring,
Let all the wealth of
of Ireland. The fame year, at the feaft of All- Kilkenny flow to this houfe.
The accomplices
Saints, came the Pope's Bull for excommunica- of this Alice in thefe wretched praftices, were
ting Robert de Brus King of Scotland at every Pernil of Meth, and Bafilia the daughter of this
Maile. The Town of Athifell, and a confider- Pernil. Alice being found guilty, was fin'd
by
able part of the Country, was burnt by the the Bifhop, and fore'd to abjure her forcery and
Lord John Fitz-Thomas, whole-Brother to the witchcraft. But being again convided
of the
Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas. John Bermingham fame prafticCj (lie made her efcape
with the faid
aforefaid, was this year created Earl of Louth. Bafilia, and was never found after. But Pernil
Alfo, The Stone-bridge of Kil-colyn was built was burnt at Kilkenny
; and at her death, de-
by Mafier Moris Jak, Canon of the Cathedral clar'd, That William above-faid deferv'd
death
Church of Kildare. as well as (he, and that for a year and a day he
MCCCXX. In the time of John XXII. wore the Devil's girdle about his bare body.
Pope, and of Edward fon to King Edward, Hereupon, the Bifhop ordei'd
the faid William
who was the 25th King from the coming of S. to be apprehended and imprifon'd in the Caftle
Auftin into England (Alexander Bicknore be- of Kilkenny for eight or
nine weeks, and gave
ing then Archbilhop of Dublin) was founded orders that two men
fllould attend him, but
the Univerfity of Dublin. William de Hardite, that they fllould not eat or drink with Mm,
a Frier-predicant, was the firft Mafter in the and that they fllould not fpeak to him above
faid Univerfity ; who alfo proceeded in Divinity once a day. At length, he was fet at liberty,
tinder the fame Archbifliop. Henry Cogry of by the help of the Lord Arnold Poer, Senefchal N
-

the Order of Friers-minors was the fecond
Mafier in the fame Faculty : the third was
William de Rodyard, Dean of S. Patrick's Ca-
thedral in Dublin, who afterwards commene'd
Dodor of the Canon law, and was made the
firft Chancellor of this Univerfity.
The fourth
of the County of Kilkenny ; and he gave a
great fum of money to the faid Arnold, to im-
prifon the Bifhop. Accordingly, he kept the
Bifhop in Prifon about three months. Among
the goods of Alice, they found f a wafer with + H°fiia<
the Devil's name upon it ; and a Box of Oint-
ment,

The ANNALS
merit,with which {he us'd to daub a certain
piece otwood, catl'd a Cowltre, after which flic
and her accomplices could ride upon it round
the world, without hurt or hindrance. Thefe
things being notorious, Alice was cited again
to appear at Dublin, before the Dean or" S.
Patrick's, having fome hopes of favour given
her. She made her appearance, and de-
manded a day to anfwer ; having given fufficient
bail, as was thought. But {lie appear'd not
for by the advice of her fon and others un-
known, flic hid her {elf in a certain village till
the .wind would ferve for England, and then {he
fail'd over but it is not known whither {he
; all parts of Ireland.
went. William Utlaw being found by the trial
and confellion of Pernel (who was condemned
to be burnt) to have been confenting to his mo-
ther, in her forcery and witchcraft; theBifhop
Caus'd him to be arretted by the King's writ and
put in prifon: yet he was fet at liberty again
by the interceffion of the Lords, upon condi-
tion that he (hould cover S. Mary's Church in
Kilkenny with lead, and do other acts of cha-
rity, within a certain day and that it he did
; and many of them were cut off.
not perform them punctually, he {hould be in
the fame {late, as when firft taken by the King's
writ.
MCCCXXVL At Whitfontideji Parliament
was held in Kilkenny ; where was prefent the
Lord Richard Burk, Earl of Ulfter, though
fofiewhat infirm, and all the Lords and great
men of Ireland, who, with the people, were
nobly feafted by the Earl. Afterwards, the
Earl, taking leave of theLords and Nobles,
went to Atiiifelj and there dy'd. A little before
the of John the Baptiit, he was there in-
feaft
terr'd. The Lord William Burk was his heir.
MCCCXXVII- There happen'd an out-fall
between the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and the
Lord Arnald Poucr. The Lord Moris was
feconded by the Lord le Boriller, and the Lord
William Bermingham ; and the Lord Arnald by
the Bourkeyns; many of whom were flainiu this
tray by the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas, and
fome driven into Conaught.
The flime year, after Michaelmas, the Lord
Arnald came to alTift the Bourkeins; and, up-
on the Lord Arnald's giving ill Language,
and calling him Rymour, Lord Moris railed
a great Army again, and together with le Bo-
tiller, and the fa id William Bermingham, burnt
and wafted the lands and territories of the Lord
Arnald, in Ofath. Bermingham burnt alfo the
lands and masiior-houfes which belonged
him in Mountler* and burnt Kenlys in OlTory
So that the Lord Arnald was fore'd to fly with
the Baron of Donnoyl to Watertord, where
they remain'd a month, till the Earl of Kil-
dare, Jufticiary of Ireland, and others of the
King's Council, order'd them a day of parley.
The Lord Arnald did not obferve it, but came
to Dublin, and about the feaft of the Purifica-
tion embark'd for England. Upon this,
and the Lord William Bermingham,
Botiller,
came with a great Army and burnt and wafted
his lands The King's Council began to dread
: The fame Year a Parliament was held at
this powerful army, and the mi/chiefs they had
done ; Co much, that they ftrengthen'd their
Cities with Guards and Watches, left they
fliould be furpriz'd. The Lord Moris, Botiller,
and Bermingham, hearing of this provision a-
gainft. them, lent to the King's Council, that
they would come to Kilkenny and there clear
themfelves, to fatisfie them they had no defign
upon the lands of their Lord the King, but on-
ly intended to be reveng'd of their enemies.
The Earl of Kildare, Jufticiary of Ireland, the
Prior of Kilmaynon, namely Roger Outlaw
;
of IRELAND.
Chancellour of Ireland, Nicholas Faftal Jufti-
ciary of the Bench, and others of the King's
Council, came accordingly to this Parliament.
The Lord Moris, Botiller, and Bermingham
demanded the King's Charter of peace. But
they of the King's Council warily took time,
till a month after Eafter, to confider of it with
their Brethren.
Before Lent this year, the Irifli of Leinfter
aifembled, and fet up Donald the fon of Arte
Mac Murgh for their King Whereupon, he :
commanded to fet up his Banner within two
miles of Dublin, and to march from thence into
But God feeing his pride
and malicious deligns, fufrer'd him to fall into
the hands of the Lord Traharn, who brought
him to the Salmon-leap, and had two hundred
pounds ranfom for him; from thence he carry'd
him to Dublin, to remain in the caftle till the-
King's Council fliould give farther Orders.
After he was taken, the Irifli in Leinfter under-
went many misfortunes ; David O
Tothil was
taken prifoner by the Lord John de Wellefley,
The fame year Adam Duff, fon of Walter
Duff of Leinfter, who was related to the O
Tothiles, was convicted of denying (contrary
to the Catholiek Faith) the incarnation of
Chrift, and holding that there could not be
three perfons and one God : and he affirm'd,
that the bieffed Virgin our Saviour's mo-
ther was an harlot ; that there was no refur-
re&ion ; that the holy Scripture was *
meer fable; and that the apoftolical See
was an impofture and ufurpation. Upon
thefeArticles, and every of them, Duff was
adjudg'd a Heretick and Blafphemer ; and was
thereupon burnt, purfuant to the decree of the
Church, at Hoggis near Dublin, on the Mon-
day after the octaves of Eafter in the year
1328.
MCCCXXVIII. On Tuefday in Eafter-
week, Thomus Fitz-John Earl of Kildare and
Jufticiaryof Ireland, departed this life and :
was fucceeded in the office of Jufticiary' by
Frier Roger Outlaw, Prior of Kilmaynan.
The fame year, David O
Tothil, a ftout rap-
paree, and an enemy to the King, who had
burnt Churches and deftroy'd much people,
was brought out of the Caftle of Dublin to
the Toil of the City, before Nicholas Faftol
and Elias Afliburne Juftices of the King's-
Bench, who fentene'd him to be dragg'd at a
to horfe's tail through the City to the Gallows,
: and to be hang'd upon a Gibbet which was ;
executed accordingly. Alfo, the fame year, the
Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas rais'd a great army
to deftroy the Bourkeyns and the Poers.
The lame year, the Lord William Bourk Earl
of Ulfter was knighted at London on Whit-
funday, and the King gave him his Seignorv.
Alfo, This year, James Botiller marry'd the
Moris, daughter of the Earl of Hereford in England,
and was made Earl of Ormond, being before
call'd Earl of Tiperary.
Northampton, where many of the Englifh No-
bility met ; and a peace was renew'd between
the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ire-
land, and confirm'd by * marriages. It was re- • MdritegU
folv'd alfo, that the Earl of Ulfter, with feveral
of the Englifh Nobility, fhould go to Berwick
upon Tweed, to fee the Efpoufals.
The fame year, after the folemnity of this
marriage at Berwick, Robert Brus King of
Scots, the Lord William Burk Earl of" Ulfter,
the Earl of Meneteth, and many other of the
Scotch Nobility, came peaceably to Cragfergus;
whence

The ANNALS of IRELAND.
whence they fent to the Judiciaries of Ireland
and the Council, that they would meet them at
Green Cattle, to treat of a Peace between Scot-
land and Ireland ; but the Judiciary and Council
coming not according to the King's defire, he
took leave of the Earl of Ulfter, and return'd
into his own Country after the Ailumption ot
the Blefled Virgin and the Earl of Ulfter came
; John de Bermingham, Earl of Louth, was kill'd
to the Parliament of Dublin, where he ftaid fix
days, and made a great Fcaft ; after which he
went into Conaught,
The fame year, about the feaft. of S. Catha-
t'n theVirgin, the Bifhop of Oflory certify'd
the King's Council, that the Lord Arnald
Bauer was, upon divers Articles, convicted be-
lore him cf herefie. Whereupon, at
fhop's fuit, the faid Lord Arnald, by ver-
tue of the King's Writ, was arretted, and put
in the Cattle of Dublin ; and a day was ap-
pointed the Bifhop, to come to Dublin, in or-
der to profecute him; but he excufed himfelf
from coming at that time, becaufe his Enemies
had way-laid him. So that the King's Council
could not put an end to this buimefs: where-
fore the Lord Arnald was kept prifoner in the
Cattle ot Dublin, till the following Parliament,
which was inMidlent ; where all the Irifh No-
bility were prefent. Alfo, The fame year,
Frier Roger Outlaw, Prior of the Hofpital of
S. John of Jerufalem in Ireland, Lord Judiciary
and Chancellor of Ireland, was charg'd by the
faid Bifhop with favouring of herefy, and for
advifing and abetting the faid Lord Arnald
in his heretical Opinions. Wherefore, the
Frier finding himfelf fo unworthily defam'd, pe-
tition'd the King's Council, that he might have
leave to clear himfelt ; which upon confultation
they granted, and caufed Proclamation to be
made for three days together, That if there
was any perfon who could inform againtt the
faid Frier, he ihould come in and profecute him
but no body came. Upon which, Roger the
Frier procur'd the King's Writ to fummon the
Great men of Ireland, viz., the Bifhops, Ab-
bots, Priors, and the Mayors of the four Ci-
ties, Dublin, Cork, Limerick, and Waterford,
and of Drogheda ; alfo the Sheriffs and Sene-
fchals, toge.her with the Knights of the Shires,
and the Free-holders, to repair to Dublin out
of which fix w'erc chofen to examine the caufe,
viz.. M. William Rodyard Dean of the Cathe-
dral-Church of S. Patrick in Dublin, the Ab-
bot of S. Thomas, the Abbot of S. Mary's,
the Prior of the Church of the holy Trinity in
Dublin, M. Elias Lawles, and Mr. Peter Wil-
lebey. They convened thofe who were cited,
and examin'd them a-part who depos'd upon
; a fecond time Judiciary of Ireland, who at
Oath that he was an honett, faithful and zea-
lous embracer of the Chriftian Faith, and
would, if occaiion ferv'd, lay down his Life for
it. For the greater Solemnity of his Purga-
tion, he made a noble Feaft for all that would
come.
Alfo, The fame year, in Lent, dy'd the Lord
Arnald Poucr in the Cattle of Dublin, and lay
a long time unbury'd in the houle of the Friers
Predicants.
MCCCXXIX. After the feaft of the
ciation of the blefled Virgin Mary, the Irifli
'Nobility came to the Parliament at Dublin, to
wit, the Earl of Ulfter, the Lord Moris Fitz-
Thomas, the Earl of Louth, William Berming-
ham, and the reft of the Lords ; where was a
new made between the Earl of Ulfter
peace
and the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas; and the
Lords with the King's Council made a ftriit
Order againft breaches of the King's pe.-„ce
fo that every Nobleman fhould govern within
his own Seignory.
;
The Earl of ..Ulfter made, a great feaft in the
Cattle of Dublin; and the day after, the Lord
Moris Fitz-Thomas made anotner m S. Patrick's
Church in Dublin; as did al{b Frier Ro wer
Outlaw, Judiciary of Ireland, on the third day,
at Kylmaynan and fo they departed.
;
The fame year,- oft S. Barnaby s eve, the Lord
at Balybragan in Urgale by the- inhabitants of
Urgale, and with him his own. lawful brother
Peter Bermingham, belidesRobert Bermingham
his putative brother, and the Lord John Ber-
mingham, fon to his brother Richard Lord of
Anry, William Fiona Bermingham, the Lord
Anry's Uncle's fon, Simon de Bermingham fon
the Bi- of the aforefaid William, Thomas Bermingham
Ion or Robert of Conaught, Peter Bermingham
fon ot James ot Conaught, Henry Bermingham
of Conaught, and Richard Talbot of Malag-
hide a man of great Valour; befides 200 more,
whofe names are not known. -.'
Alfo, After this daughter, the Lord Simon
Genevii's men invaded the Country of Carbryi
to plunder the inhabitants, for the thefts and
murders they had fo often committed in Methj
but they of Carbry, by rifing, prevented the
invafion, and ilew feventy-lix of the Lord Si-
mon's men. Alfo, The fame year on the day
after Trinky-funday, John Gernon, and his
brother Roger Gernon, came to Dublin hi the
behalf of thofe of Urgale, and .pray'd that
they might be try'd by the Common-law. And
on the Tuefday, next day after S. John's feaft,
John and Roger hearing that the Lord William
Bermingham wascoming toDublin, kfrit. The
fame year, on S. Laurence 's-eve, the Lord
Thomas Botiller march'd with a great army in-
to the Country of Ardnorwith ; where he
fought with the Lord Thomas Williams Mac-
goghgan, and was there kill'd, to the great Iofs
of Ireland, and with him the Lord John de
Ledewich, Roger and Thomas Ledewich, John
Nangle, Meiler and Simon Petitt, David Nan-
gle, the Lord John Waringer, James Terel,
Nicholas White, William Freynes, Peter Kent,
and John White, befides 140 others, whofe
names we know not. The Tuefday before the
feaft of S. Bartholomew, the faid Lord Thomas
; Ie Botiller's body was convey 'd to Dublin, and
lay in the houfe of the Friers predicant unbu-
ried, till the funday alter the Decollation of S.
John Baptift, when he was very honourably
carried through the City, and interr'd in the
Church of the Friers predicant ; on which day*
his wile had a great Feaft.
The fame year, the Lord John Darcy came
Maynoth on the third of July marry'd the Lady
Joan Burg Countefs of Kildare.
Alfo, Philip Staunton was flain ; and the
Lord Henry Traharn was treacheroufly furpris'd
in his own houfe at Kilbego by Richard, fon of
Philip Onolan. Alfo, the Lord James Botiller
Earl of Ormond burnt Foghird, in revenge to
Onolan, tor his faid brother Henry.
The fame year, the Wednefday after the feaft
of the Afcenfion of the blefletl Virgin, the
Annun- Lord John Darcy, Judiciary of Ireland, went
towards the new caftle of Mackingham, and
Wikelow, againft the O
Erynnes and the;
Monday following^ fome of the Lawles were
kill'd, and more wounded; and Robert Locam
was wounded ; and of the; Irifli, the better fort
were flain, and many wounded, and the reft ran
away. But Murkad O
Erynne, with his Ion,
and uncle, and uncle's fon, yieided themfelves
hoftages, and were carry 'd to the Cattle of
Dublin- but were afterwards, in exchange for
[ f other
]
 :

The ANNALS of IRELAND.

other Hoftages of the beft of their Kindred, fet Alfo, Walter Burg, with the Forces he rais'd
at liberty. in Conaught, plunder 'd the Lord Moris Fitz-
3
Theiame year, the Lord John Darcy Juftici- Thomas s lands, and brought away the Booty

ary, and the King's Council' in Ireland, about to Urkyff.

the tea ft of the Circumcifion, commanded the Alfo, the Earl of Ulfter, and the Earl of
Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas of Defmond to march Defmond, tj/z,.the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas
with his Army againft his Majefty's enemies to (this is the firft time that I call him Earl) were,
fubdue them ; adding, that the King would by Frier Roger Utlaw, then Jufticiary of Ire-
take care to defray the Charge he fhould be at, land, committed to the cuftody of the Marfha!
for himfelf and his Army So the faid Lord
: at Limerick. But the Earl of Defmond cun-
Moris, accompany VI by Briene-O-Brene, came ningly made his efcape.
with an Army of ten thoufaiid Men, with MCCCXXXI. The Lord Hugh Lacy, ha-
which he march'd againft the O-nolanes, and ving got the King's Pardon, came into Ireland.
conquer'd them, having got a conliderablc Booty, Alfo, the Earl of Ulfter came into England,
and deftroy'd their Country with fire 'the : Alfo, the 19th of April, the Engliih beat the
O-nolanes fled, but afterwards deliver'd Hofta- Irifh in O-Kenftley. Alfo, on the one and twen-
ges, who were fent to the Caftle of Dublin. tieth of April, the Irifh took the Caftle of
Hence he march'd againflthe O-Morches, who Arclo, by treachery.
gave Hoflages, with a promife to keep the Alfo, The fame day. on S. Mark the Evan-
Peace. gelift's-eve, the O-Tothelcs came to Tanelagh,
At the fame time, the Caftle of Ley, which and took from Alexander Archbifhop of Dublin
O-Dympcy had taken and held, was furrender'd 300 Sheep, and kili'd Richard White, with other
to the faid Moris.This year, after the Epi- Gentlemen of his Retinue. The news of this
phany, Donald Arte Mac-Murgh made his Plunder and Slaughter came to Dublin ; and
by a Cord
efcape out of the Caftle of Dublin, Sir Philip Bryt, Knight, Frier Moris Fitz-
which one Adam Nangle had bought him; who, Gerald, Knight of the Order of the Hofpita-
for his pains, was afterwards drawn and lers, Hammund Archdekyn, John Chamber-
hang'd. laine, Robert Tyre]], and two fons of Reginald
MCCCXXX. About the feafts of S. Ca- Bernewall, befides many others, efpecially of the
therine, S. Nicholas, and the Nativity of our Archbifhop ot Dublin's Family, were kili'd by
Lord, the winds were in feveral places very David O-Tothill, in an Ambuicnde in Culiagh.
feign ;fo that, on S. Nicholas-eve, they blew Alfo, The Lord William Bermingham march'd
down part of the wall of a Houfe, which in the witii a great Army againft the forefaid Irilh, to
fall kili'd the Lord Miles de Verdon's wife and whom he did much harm ; and, had not the
daughter there was never known fuch a wind
: Irifh. made fome falfe Promifes, w ould have
r
done
in Ireland. them much more.
Alfo, There was fuch an overflow of the Alfo, The of June, the Lord An-
third
River Boyn this year, as was never feeft before; thony Lucy came over Chief Jufticiary of Ire-
which flung down all the Bridges upon this land.
River, both Wood and Stone, except Bnbe- Alfo, this year, the Englifh who dwell
bridge. The water alfo carry'd away feveral about Thurles, did in the month of May give
Mlli$, and did much damage to the Friers- the Irifli under the command of Briene O-Brene,
minors of Trym and Drogheda, by breaking a great overthrow. Alfo, upon the nth of
down their Houfes. June, another was given at Finnagh in Meth,
The fame yeaf, about the feaft ot S. John by the Englifh of thefe parts.
Baptift, there began robe a great dearth of Corn Alfo, The 27th ot June, when there was a
in Ireland, which iafted till Michaelmas. A
cra- great Famine in Ireland, through God's mercy
noc of Wheat was fold for twenty Shillings; there camca-fhoar fuch a vail number of Sea-
and a cranoc of Oats, Peafe, Beans and Early, fifti, called Thurlheai.s, as had not been ke:\ in
for eight Shillings : This dearth was cccafion'd many Ages ; for, according to the common
by the immoderate Rains ; fo that a great deal eftimate, there were above 500: This happen'd
ot Corn could not be cut before Michaelmas. about the evening, near Connyng, and the water
The fame year, about Lent, the Englifh. in call'd Dodyz in Dublin-haven. The Lord An-
Meth killed fome of the Irifh, viz.. the Mac- thony Lucy then Jufticiary ot Ireland, with his
gcghiganes near Loghynerthy. This did fo own Servants, and fome of the Citizens of
incenle Mac-gogbigan, that he burnt and plun- Dublin, among whom was Philip Cradok, kili'd
der 'd in thofe Parts fifteen fmall Villages; which above 200 of them, and gave leave to every bo-
the Englifh feeing, gathered together in a Body dy to fetch away what they would.
againfl him, and kili'd no of his men; among The Lord Anthony Lucy, Jufticiary of Ire-
whom were three fons of petty Kings of Ire- land, appointed a Parliament to be held at
land. Dublin in the Octaves of S. John Baptift ; whi-
Alfo, The Lord William Burgh, Earl of ther fome of the Irifh Nobility came not. Then
Ulfter, march'd with his Army out of Ulfter, he remov'd to Kilkenny, and prorogued the
agaip.ft Brienc O Erene in Munfler. Parliament to the Feaft of S. Peter ad vincula
Alfo, The Lady Joan, Countefs of Kildare, Hither came the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas, and
was, at Maynoth, brought to Bed of William many more Noblemen, who were not there be-
her firft Son which the Lord John Darcy had by fore, and fubmittcd to the King's mercy. And
her, who was then in England. the King, for his part, gracioufly forgave them
Alfo, Reymund Lawles was treacheroufly whatever mifchief they had done, under a cer-
kili'd at Wickelow. tain form.
Alfo, This year. Frier Roger Utlaw Prior of Alfo, In Auguft, the Irifli, by treachery,
**£.««« tf«/»Kylmainan, then * Deputy to the JufHciary of took the Caftle of Firms; which they burnt.
Jttfticiarii, Ireland, held a Parliament at Kilkenny, where Alfo, The faid Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas of
were prefent Alexander Archbifhop of Dublin, Defmond- by an order of Council, was taken
"William Earl ot Ulfter, James Earl of Ormond, the day after the Affuroption of the blelled
the Lord William Bermingham, and Walter Virgin, at Limerick, by the faid Jufticiary,
Burg of Conaught ; who all went with a great and^by him brought to the Caftle of Dublin the
army, to drive Briene O-Brene out of Urkyff 7 tli cf Odober.
near Cafhilf Alfo,
 The ANNALS
Alio, In September, Henry Mandevill, by
virtue or a Warrant from Simon Fitz-Richard
Judiciary of the Bench, was taken, and brought
to the Caftle of Dublin.
Alio, In November, Walter Burck and his
two whole-Brothers were taken Conaught, m Alfo, The Berminghams of Carbery got a
by the Earl of UUtcr ; and in February were
by him brought to the Caftle of Northburg.
Alfo, In February, the Lord William Ber-
mingham, and his Son Lord of Bermingham,
were taken at Clomel by the faid Judiciary,
notwithdaiidmg he had before granted them his
Majedy's Pardon ; and on the nineteenth of April
were carry 'd to Dublin- caftle.
Alfo, The Irifli of Leinder plundered the
Englifh, and burnt their Churches; and, in the
Church of Freinedon, burnt about eighty Men
and Women, and a certain Chaplain of that
Church, whom they hinder'd with their Jave-
lins from coming out, tho' in his holy Veil-
nients, and with the Lord's Body in his hand;
burning him with the reft in the Church. The
News of it came to the Pope, who fent his
Bull to the Archbifhop of Dublin, commanding
him to excommunicate thofe Irifli, and all their
adherents ; and to Interdict their Lands.
Avchbifhop fulfiU'd the Pope's commands ; but
the Irifh defpifed the Bull, Excommunicition,
and Interdict, and the Authority of the Church;
and, continuing in their Wickednefs, got to-
gether again and made an Inrode into the
County of Weisford, as far as Carcarn, and
plunder 'd the whole Country. Richard White,
and Richard Fitz-Henry, with the Burghers of
Weisford, and other Englifh, made head againfl
of IRELAND.
fo on, very commonly for twelve pence. The
Town of the New-Cadle of Lions, was burnt
and phmder'd by the O-Tothiles.
MCCCXXX1II. The Lord John Darcy, Ju-
diciary ot Ireland, arriv'd at Dublin.
great booty of above 2000 Cows from the O-
Conghyrs. The Lord John Darcy Judiciary of
Ireland, order'd the pafs at Ethrgovil in Of-
faley tobe cut down againft O-Conghyr.
The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of
Defmond, after lie had been imprifon'd a year
and half in Dublin, was let out, having got
many of the Irifh Nobility, as mainprizts, to
be bound for him under penalty of their lives
and all they had, if he fhould attempt any
thing againd the King, and the laid Lord's
not produce him to be try'd.
Alfo, William Burk Earl of Ulder on the
fixth of June, between New-Town and Crag-
fergus in Ulder, was (alas) treacheroufly mur-
der'd by his own Company in the twentieth
year of his age. Robert fon of Mauriton
Maundevile gave him the firft blow. As foon
as his wife heard of it, who was then in Ul-
The fter, flie imbark'd with her daughter and Heir,
and went for England. The Lord John Dar-
cy Chief Judiciary cf Ireland, to revenge this
murder, did, by the advice of the Parliament
then aflembled, fhip off his Army ; with which,
the firft of July, he arriv'd at Cragfergus. The
People of that Country, ghd at his arrival,
took Courage, and unanimoufly refolv'd to re-
venge the Earl's death, and in a pitched Battle
got a victory over the murderers fome they
:

them, and kili'd about 400 of the Irifh, betides took, others they put to the fword. When
a great many more who, in the purfuit, were this was over, the faid Judiciary went with
drown 'd in the River Slane. his Army into Scotland, leaving M. Thomas
MCCCXXXII. The eleventh of July, Wil- Burgh then Treafurer of Ireland, to fupply his
liam Bermingham, by the faid Juftici<ry's Or- place.
der, was put to death, and hang'd at Dublin, Alfo, Many of the Irifli Nobility, and the
but his Son Walter was fet at Liberty. The Earl of Ormond, with their retinue, aflembled
faid Lord William was a noble Knight and on the eleventh of June at the Houfe of the
one of a thcufar.d in warlike exploits. Alas! Carmelite Friers in Dublin. During this Parlia-
what pity it who
was ! for can think of his ment, as they were going out ot" the Court-
death without Tears? He was afterwards bury'd yard of the Friers Houfe, Murcardus or Moris
at Dublin among the Friers Predicant. Alfo, fon of Nicholas O-Totnil was fuddenly mur-
the Caftle of Bcnraty was taken, and, in July, der'd in the croud ; upon which, the Nobility,
was ras'd to the ground by the Irifli of Toto- fuppofing there was treafon, were very much
mon. Alfo, the Cadle of Arclo was taken affrighted; but the Murderer got oftj refolutely,
from the Irifli by the faid Judiciary and the without being known fomuch as by name.
Citizens of Dublin, with the help of the Eng- Alfo, The Lord John Darcy return'd Jufti-
of that Country, and, on the eighth ot Au-
lilli eiary of Ireland.
guft, was in the King's Hands ; being in part Alfo, In February the Lord Walter de Ber-
rebuilt. The Lord Anthony Lucy Judiciary mingham, fon of the Lord William de Ber-
of Ireland, was put out of his pla.ee, and in mingham, was let out of Dublin-Caftle.
November return'd into England with his wife Alio, The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas, Earl
and children. The Lord John Darcy fucceed- of Defmond, by a fail of his Horfe, broke his
ed iiim, and came into Ireland the thirteenth Leg.
of February. There was, about this time, a Alfo, It happened to be fo dry a Summer,
great daughter of the Irifli in Munfter, made that at the feaft of S. Peter ad itincula, there
by the Englifh Inhabitants of that Country up- was bread made of new Wheat; and Whea*
on Eriene O-Brene and Mae-Karthy. was fold in Dublin for fix pence a Peck.
Alfo, John Decer a Citizen of Dublin dy'd, Alfo, Sir Reimund Archedekin, Kt. with
and was bury'd in the Church of the Friers- many others of his Family, were kili'd in
minors he was a man who did a great deal of Leinder.
;

good. Alfo, a difeafe called Maufes fpread MCCCXXXVII. On the eve of S. Kalixtus
over Ireland, and infected all forts of People, the Pope, feven partridges leaving the fields,
old and young, men and women. God knows why, came directly to Dublin ;
Alfo, The Hodages who were kept in the where flying fwiftly over the Market-Place,
Caftle of Lymen'ck, kili'd the Conftable and they fettled on the top of Inn which \ pandoxatc-
f an
took the Caflle ; but upon the Citizens regain- belonged to the Canons of S. Trinity in Dub-W«w.
ing it by force, they were put to the fword. lin. Some of the Citizens came running to
Alfo, The Heritages took the Caftle ofNenagh; this fight, wondering very much at fo ftrange a
but part ot it being burnt, it was again reco- thing ; the Town-boys caught two of them
vered, and the Hodages kept. Alfo, one : : : : alive, and a third they kili'd; at which the
of * wheat about Chridmas was fold for twen- red being frighten'd, took a fwifx flight, and
ty two Shillings ; and foon after Eafter, and efcap'd into the oppofke Fields. But what this
fhould
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
fhould portend (a thing unheard of before) I Prior of Kilmainan in his place. Alfo, the
fhall leave to better judgments. Lord Roger Outlaw Prior of, Kilmainan, and
Alfo, The Lord John Charleton, Knight and Chancellor of the faid Kingdom,
Jufticiary
and Baron, came with his wife, fons daugh- dy'd the thirteenth of February.
;
ters, and Family, Chief" Judiciary of Ireland, Alfo, The King of England made John
on the feaft of S. Kalixtus the Pope ; and fome Darcy Jufticiary of Ireland, for life.
of his fons and family dy'd. MCCCXLI.' In May, the Lord John Moris
Alfo, The fame day, came into Dublin-har- came Jufticiary of Ireland, as Deputy to John
bour D. Thomas Charleton Bifhop of Hereford, Darcy.
as Chancellor of Ireland, with the Chief Jufticiary Alfo, In the County of f Leicefter, there hap- f Leiceftri?,
his Brother and with them M. John Rees
; pen'd fuch a ft range prodigy, as has not been
Treafurer of Ireland and Mafter in the Decre- heard of. A
perfon travelling along the road
tals, befidfs 200 Wclfhmen. found a pair of Gloves, fit for his ufe as he
Alfo, Whilft the Lord John Charleton w^as thought, but when he put them on, he loft his
Jufticiary, and held a Parliament at Dublin, fpeech immediately, and began to bark like a
Mr. David O
Hirraghcy Archbifhop of Armagh dog; nay, from that moment, the men and
being call'd to the Parliament, laid-in his pro- women throughout the whole County bark'd
vifions in the Monaftery of S. Mary near Dub- like great dogs, and the children like whelps.
lin ; but the Archbifhop and his Clerks would This plague continu'd with fome, eighteen
not let him be there, becaufe he would have days; with others, a month; and with fome
his Crofs carry 'd before him. two months ; and alfo infected the neighbour-
Alfo, The fame year, dy'd David Archbi- ing Counties, and fet them a barking too.
fhop ot Armagh, to whom (ucceeded a perfon Alfo, The King of England revok'd all
of great Parts, M. Richard Fitz-Ralph Dean of Grants, that either he or his Father had made
Litchfield, who was born in Dundalk. to any in Ireland in what manner foever, whe-
Alfo, James Botiller the firft Earl of Ormond, ther of liberties, lands, or goods which oc- :

dy'd the fixth ot January, and was bury'd at
Balygaveran.
MCCCXXXVIII. The Lord John Charle-
ton, at the instigation of his Brother Thomas
Bifhop of Hereford, was by the King turn'd
out of his place, upon which he came back
with his whole family into England ; and Tho-
mas Bifhop ot Hereford was made Keeper and
Jufticiary of Ireland.
Alfo, The Lord Euftace Povcr and the Lord
John Pover his Uncle, were by the faid Jufti-
ciary brought from Munfter to Dublin, where,
the third of February, they were imprifon'd in
the Cattle.
Alfo, In Ireland, they had fo great a froft,
that the river Aven-liffie on which the City of
Dublin ftands, was frozen hard enough to
dance, run, or play at ball on ; and they made
wood and turfe fires upon it, to broil Herrings.
caiioti'd a general murmur and difcontent; in-
fomuch that the whole Kingdom was upon
the point of revolting.
Alfo, A
Parliament was call'd by the King's
Council to iit in October. Moris Fitz-Tho-
mas Earl of Defmond abfented. Never before
was there feen fo great and open a divifion be-
tween the Engiifh born in England, and the
Engiifh born in Ireland. At laft, without ask-
ing Counfcl of the Jufticiary or any of the
King's Minifters, the Mayors of the King's
Cities, together with the Nobility and Gentry
of the Kingdom, refolv'd among other things
to hold another Parliament at Kilkenny in No-
vember, in order to treat of fuch matters as
might be for the benefit of the King and King-
dom.
Neither the Jufticiary nor any other of the
King's Minifters durft repair thither. It was

The Ice lafted a great while. I fhall fay no- therefore concluded in this Parliament, by the
thing of the great Snow which fell during this Nobility and the Mayors aforefaid, immediate-
froft, finee the depth thereof is almoft incredi- ly to difpatch meffengers to the King of Eng-

ble. This Froft continual from the fecond of land to intercede for Relief, and rcprefent the
December to the tenth of February; fuch a fea- wicked and unjuft adminiftration of the great
fon was never known in Ireland. Officers in Ireland, and to declare that they
MCCCXXX1X. All Ireland was in Arms. would no longer endure their oppreflions and ;

The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Def- to defire that Ireland might be govern'd by
mond, with the Geraldines who live about Minifters of it's own, as ufual. They were in-
Kernige, made a great deftruction of the Irifh; ftructed, in their complaints of the faid_ Mini-
killingand drowning, to the number at leaft fters, to ask, How a Land fo full of wars,
of 1200 Men. could be govern'd by a Perfon who was a Stran-
Alfo, The Lord Moris Fitz-Nicholas, Lord ger to warlike Affairs ? How a Minifter of the
of Kernigy, was by the Lord Moris Fitz-Tho- King's could grow fo rich in fo fhort a time ?
mas Earl of Dcfmond apprehended and put What was the reafon, that the King of England
in prifon, where he dy'd of hunger, being was never the richer for Ireland ?

ftintcd to a Diet; becaufe he had openly re- MCCCXLII. On the eleventh day of Octo-
bell'd with the Irifh againft the King and the ber, and the eleventh of the Moon, two feve-
Earl. ral Moons were feen by many about Dublin,
Alfo, A great number of the O Dympcies in the morning, before day. The one was
and other Irifh were by the Engiifh and the bright, and according to its natural courfe, in
vigorous purfuit of the Earl of Kildare, kill'd the Weft ; the other, of the bignefs of a round
and drown 'd 111 the Barrow. loaf, ftood in the Eaft, with very little light.
MCCCXLIII. Thomas's-ftreet in Dub-
Alfo, The latter end of February, Thomas St.
was on on S. Valentine the Mar-
Bifhop of Hereford, Jufticiary of Ireland, with lin fet fire,

the help of the Engiifh of that Country, took tyr's-day.

The thirteenth of July, the Lord Ralph
from the Irifh about Odrone fuch a great booty Alfo,
of all forts of cattle, as had not been feen in Utford, with his Wife the Countefs of
Leinfter. Ulfter, came Chief Jufticiary of Ireland ; upon
MCCCXL. The faid Bifhop of Hereford whofe coming the fair Weather fuddenly turn'd
Jufticiary of Ireland, being commanded home foul, and here was nothing but rainy and tem-
by his Majefty, return'd into England the peftuous Weather, while he liv'd. None of his
tenth of April ; leaving Frier Roger Outlaw Predeceffors were near fo bad; for (alas!) in-
ftead
I

The ANNALS
ftead ofdoing Juftice, he opprefs'd the Irifh, and
robb'd both Clergy and Laity of their Goods
neither did he fpare Poor, any more than Rich:
under colour of doing Good, he defrauded ma-
ny. He obferv'd neither the Laws of the
Churcli nor of the Land. He was injurious
to the natural Irifh, and did Juftice to tew, if
any; wholiy diftrufting all the Natives, except
fome few. And, being mif-led by his Wife's
Counfel, thefe things were his daily Practice.
Alfo, The faid Judiciary, as he was going
into Ulfter in March, through a Pals call'd
Emerduilan, was fet upon by one Maccartan,
who robb'dhim of hisCloatbs, Money, Goods,
Plate and Horfes, and kill'd fome of his men.
But at laft the Jufticiary, with the help of the
Ergalians, got the Victory, and made his way
into Ulfter.
MCCCXLV. The feyenth of June, there
was a Parliament held at Dublin whither the
; Jufticiary, in his wars, and in purfuing of the
Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Defmond did
not come.
Alfo, The Lord Ralph Ufford, Jufticiary of
Ireland, after S. John Eaptift's-day, did with-
out confent of the Irifh Nobility fet up the
King's Standard againft the Lord Moris Fitz-
Thomas Earl of Defmond, and march'd into
Munfter, where he feiz'd the Earl's Eftate into
the King's hands, and farm'd it out to others
for a certain yearly Rent to be paid the King.
Alfo, Whilft the faid Jufticiary was in Mun-
he gave Sir William Burton, Knight, two
fter,
Writs, who w as to give one of them to the
r
Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare
The Contents of this, were, That upon pain
of forfeiting his whole Eftate, he fhould forth-
with repair unto him with a good force, to af~
fill the King and him. The other, was an
Order to the faid Sir William to apprehend the
Earl of Kildare, and imprifon him but he
; where he was interr'd. And at laft, on the
finding it impracticable, perfuaded the Earl, who
was preparing' his Army, and levying forces to
aifift the Jufticiary, that before he march'd he
fhould go to the King's Council at Dublin, and
aft by their advice, that in his Abfence his
Lands might be fafe ; and if any harm fhould
come to them, it might be through the fault
of the King's Council, and not his own. Up-
on this, the Earl not diftrufting the Knight,
nor fufpefting any Plot againft him, prepar'd
to go for Dublin ; where, when he came (al-
together ignorant of the Treachery) as he was
confulting with the King's Council in the Ex-
chequer, on a fudden the faid Sir William ar-
retted him ; and he was taken, and carried to
the Caftle of Dublin.
Alfo, The faid Jufticiary march'd with his
Army into the Country of O-Comill in Mun-
fter, and Kering
; and by treachery took two
Caftles of the Earl of Defmond, viz.. the Caftle
of Ynyskyfly and the Caftle of thelfle, in which
were the Lord Euftace Pover, the Lord Wil-
liam Graunt, and the Lord John Cottrell; who
were firft drawn, and then hang'd, in October.
Alfo, The faid Jufticiary banifh'd the faid
Earl of Defmond, with fome others of his
Men. Alter that, in November, he return'd
with his Forces out of Munfter, to his Wife
then big with Child at Kylmainan near Dub-
lin. Beiides what be had dorie to the Laity, in
indicting, imprifoning, and robbing them oftheir
Goods j he had alfo plagued the Ecclefiafticks,
as well Priefls as Clerks, by Arrefts and Im-
prifonments ; and extorted great fums of Mo-
ney from them.
Alfo, Having taken away the Lands, he re-
vok'd the Grants and Demifes of them, bellow-
ing them upon other Tenants, as has been faid
;; ;
of IRELAND.
and alfo the Writings concerning thofe Grants,
which were fign'd by him, and feal'd with the
J
King s Seal, he took and cancell'd.
Alfo, the Earl of Defmond's 26 Mainprifers,
as well Earls, as Barons, Knights, and others,
viz,, the Lords William Burke Earl of Ulfter,
James Botiller Earl of Ormond, Richard Tuit,
Euftace le Pover, Gerald de Rochfort, John
fon of Robert Pover, Robert de Barry, Moris
Fitz-Gerald, John de Wellefly, Walter Len-
faunt, Roger de la Rokell, Henry Traharn,
Roger le Pover, John Lenfaunt, Roger le Pover,
Matthew Fitz-Henry, Richard le Wallis, Ed-
ward Burk fon of the Ear] of Ulfter, Knights
David de Barry, William Fitz-Gerald, Fulk
Afh, Robert Fitz-Moris, Henry de Barkley,
John fon of George Rcch, and Thomas de
Lees de Burgh (notwithftanding fome of them
had been at great Pains and Charge, with the
Earl of Defmond) were judicially depriv'd by
him oftheir Eftates, and diiinherited, and fent
to Prifon till the King's pleafure fhould be
known ; except four, viz.. William Burk Ear!
of Ulfter, James le Botiller Earl of Ormond,
&c.
MCCCXLVI. On Palm-funday, which was
on the ninth of April, D. Ralph Ufford Jufti-
ciary of Ireland dy'd, whofe death was very
much lamented by Wife and Family, but
his
the loyal of Ireland rejoye'd at it j
Subjects
and both Clergy and Laky, for Joy, had a fo-
lemn feaft with dancing, at Eafler. Upon his
: death, the Floods ceafed, and the Air grew
wholefom ; and the common People blefs'd God
for it. Being laid in a ftrong Sheet of Lead,
his very fbrrowful Countefs convey 'd his
bowels (with his Treafure not worthy to be
plac'd among fuch holy Relicks) into England ;
fecond of May (a Prodigy which without
!
doubt was the effeft of divine Providence,) this
Lady who came fo glorious into Dublin with
the enfign of Royalty, and a great number of
Soldiers attending her through the Streets,
where fhe liv'd a fhort time like a Queen of
Ireland ; went out privily at a back Gate in
the Caftle, to avoid the People's Clamours for
their Debts ; and, at her diigraceful return
home, was attended with the Symptoms of
death, forrow, and heavinefs.
Alfo, After the death of the faid Jufticiary,
the Lord Roger Darcy, by the confent of the
King's Minifters and others, was chofen to
fupply theoffice of Jufticiary for the time being.
Alfo, The Caftks of Ley and Kylmehede
were taken and burnt by the Irifh, in April.
Alfo, The Lord John Moris being made
Chief Jufticiary of Ireland, arriv'd here the fif-
teenth ot May.
Alfo, The Irifh of Ulfter gave a great flaugh-
ter to the Englifh of Urgale in June ; and
at leaft threehundred were cut off.
Alfo, The faid Lord John Moris Jufticiary
of Ireland was turn'd out of that office by the
King, and the Lord Walter de Bermingham
put in ; who came into Ireland with his com-
miffion in June, fome time after the great
flaughter juft now mention'd.
Alfo, The prefervation of the peace was
committed by the King for fome time, to the
Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Defmond.
Having recei/d this order; on the eve of the
Exaltation of the holy Crofs, heembark'd with
his Wife and two Sons at Yogliil, and arriv'd
ji
in England, w here
r
he vigoroully profecuted the
Lord Ralph de Ufford, late Jufticiary of Ire-
land, for the wrongs he had done him,
[g] Alfo, By
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
Alfo, By the King's order, the faid Earl was MCCCLH. Sir Robert Savage, Knight, be-
to be allow'd twenty Shillings a day from the gan to build new Cadles in many places of
time of his rirft arrival, daring his abode there. Ulfter, and particularly in his own Mannors ;

Alfo, November,
In Lord the
Bermingham, Justiciary of Ireland, and the
Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare, took
up arms againd O Morda and his Accompli-
ces, who burnt the Cadle of Ley and Kilme-
ht-de, and attack'd them fo vigoroufly with fire,
fword, and rapin, that altho' their number
Walter de, faying to his fon and heir apparent Henry Sa-
vage, Let us thus fortify our felves, left: the
Irifh hereafter break-inupon us, and take a-
way our place and nation, and make us a re-
proach to all Nations. His fon anfwer'd,
Where-ever there arc valiant Men, there are
forts and cadles, according to that faying, Filii

amounted to many thoufands of Irifh, and (aflrametati funt, the fons .are encamp 'd, i. e.

they made a rcfolutc defence, yet at lad, atter br-ive Men are defigri'd for War ; and for this

many wounds and great (laughter, they were reafon I will take care to be among fuch, and
fore'd to yield and fo iubmitted to the King's
;
adding the common
fo I flrdl live in a caftle;

mercy and the difcretion of the Earl. faying, A better than a caftle
caflle of Bones is

MCCCXLVII. The Earl of Kildare, with of Stones. Upon this Reply, his Father gave
his Barons and Knights, fet out in May to over in great anger, and fwore he would never
join the King of England, who was then at the more build with none and mortar, but keep a
iiege of Caleys. Alfo, the inhabitants furren- good houfe and great retinue about him j fore-
der'd Caleys to the King of England, on the telling however, that his Pofterity would re-
fourth of fune. pent it ; as indeed they did, for the Irifli de-
Alfo, Walter Bonevile, William Calfc, Wil- flroy'd the whole Country for want of caflles
liam Welefly, and many other brave Englifiv, to delend it.

Welch, and Irifli Gentlemen,' dy'd of the Di- MCCCLV. In the thirtieth of the fame
ftempcr which then rag'd at Caleys. Reign, Sir Thomas Rokesby, Knight, furren-
Alfo, Mac-Murgh, Donald Mac-Murgh
viz.. der'd his office of Judiciary on the twenty
foil of Donald Arte Mac-Murgh, King of fixth cf July ; which was given to Moris Fitz-

Leinder, was perfidioufty kill'd by his own Thomas Earl of Defmond, and he continu'd
Men, on the fifth of June. in it till his death.

Alfoi The King knighted Moris Fitz-Tho- Alfo, On the convc-riion of S. Paul, the faid

raas Earl of Kildare. Alfo, the faid Earl mar- Lord Moris Fitz-Thomss dy'd Judiciary or

ry 'd the daughter of Earth, de Burwafhe. Ireland, in the Caftle of Dublin, to the great
Alfo, On Stephen the Martyr's-day, the
St. grief of his Friends and Kindred, and the fear
Irifli burnt the Town of Monaghan, and de- of all who lov'd the Peace of Ireland.
Fird,
ftroy'd the Country about it. he w'as bury'd in the Quire of the Friers-Pre-
Alio, The Lady Joan Fitz-Leones, formerly dicants of Dublin, and afterward in the Con-
wife to the Lord Simon Genevile, dy'd, and vent of the Friers-Predicants of Traly. He
on the fecond of April was bury'd in the Con- was jud in his office, and duck not to condemn
vent of the Friers-Predicants at Trym. thofe of his own Blood for Theft, Rapin, and
MCCCXLVIII. The twenty fecond year of other Mifdemeanors , as if they had been

Edward the third, the fird Pedileuce, which
had been before in other Countries, got into
Ireland,, and rag'd exceedingly.
AKo, This year, the Lord Walter Berming-
ham, Judiciary of Ireland, went into England,
and left John Archer Prior of Kylmainan to
fupply his Place The fame year, he return'd,
:
and had the Barony of Kenlys, which lies in
Oilbry, conferr'd on him by the King, to re-
quitenis grett fcr.vice in 'leading an Army a-
ftrangers. The Irifh ftood in great awe of him,
MCCCL VI. In th<^ thirty fird year of this
Reign, Sir Thomas Rokesby was the fecond
time made Judiciary of Ireland ; who kept the
Irifli in good order, and paid well for the
Provifions of his Houfe, faying, I will eat and
drink out of Wooden Veffels, and pay gold
and diver for my food, cloths, and Servants.
This fame year, the faid Sir Thomas, Judi-
ciary of Ireland, dy'd in the caftle of Kylka.

gaind the, Earl of Defmond, with Raulf LJi- MCCCL VII. In the thirty fecond of this
iord, as before was fad. This Barony belong'd King's reign, the Lord Almarick de Saint Ar-
formerly to "'the Lord EuiVce lc Poyer, v. ho mund was made Jiifticiary of Ireland, and en-
was drawn and hang'd. :it the Cadle of the Hie t.r'd upon his odice.
Ab;au- this time, arofe a great difpute be-
MCCCXLIX. the Lord Walter Berming-
ham, bed Judiciary that ever was in' Ire- tween the Lord Archbifhop of Armagh, Richard
.the.

land, furrender'd his office, and was fucceeded FitfeMRalfe, and the four Orders of Friers-men-
in conclusion, the Archbifhop was
in the fame by the Lord de Carew Knight. and; U'.cants :

Baron. worfted, and filene'd by the Pope's Authority.

MCCCL. In the twenty fifth year of the, MCCCLV1II. In the 33d of the fame reign,
Reign of King Edward, Sir Thomas Rokesby, the Lord Almarick de Saint Armund, Judiciary
Knight, was made Judiciary of Ireland. of the Kingdom, went over into England.
AJfoj This year, on the Eve of S. Margaret MCCCL1X. In the 34th of this King's
the Virgin, the Lord Walter Bermingham, reign, James le Botiller Earl of Ormond, was
Knight, fome time the moil worthy Judiciary made Chief Juiticiary of Ireland.
of this Kingdom, dy'd in England. Alfo, On S. Gregory's day, this year, dy'd
MCCCLI. dy'd Kenwrick Sherman, fome- the Lady Joan Burk Countefs of Kildare, and
Church of the Friers-minors
times Mayor of the City of Dublin, and was was bury'd in the
bury'd under the Belfrey of the Friers-Predi- of Kildare, with her
Husband the Lord Tho-
Earl of Kildare.
cants there, which he himfelf had built ; as he mas Fitz-John,
had likewife glaz'd the great Window at the MCCCLX. In the 35th of this fame reign,
Fitz-Raulf Archbifhop of Armagh,
upper end of the Quire, and roof'd the Church: dy'd Richard
He in Hanault, on the io~th of December. His
with many other pious Works. dy'd in
into Ireland, by the reve-
the fame Convent on the fixth of March ; and, bones were convey'd
leaving an Eftate to the value of three thoufand rend Father Stephen Bifhop of Meth, and
at Dundalk, where
marks, he bequeathed great Legacies to the bury'd in S.Nicholas Church
Clergy, both Regular and Secular, within he was born yet it is a quedion, whether thefe J

twenty Miles of the City. were his bones, or fome other man's.
Alfo, Thie
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
This year dy'd Sir Robert Savage in Leonel,. hereupon, drew bothEngHfh and Irifli
Alio,
Ulfter, a valiantKnight, who near Antrim flew into one body, and went on fuccefsfully, and

in one day 3000 Irifli \vith a fmall Party of by God's mercy and the help of the people of
but before the Engagement, he took Ireland, grew victorious in all places againit. the
Englilh ;

cure to give every Englifh-man a good doft* or
Wine or Ale, of which he had great ftore, and
ief:rv'd for them at their return.
fome Beiidcs
this, he order'd, that Sheep, Oxtn, Venifon,
and Fowl, both wild and tame, fhould be kill'd,
Irifh. Among many, both Englifh and Irifh,
whom he knighted, were thefe, Robert Prefton,
Robert Holiwood, Thomas Talbot, Walter
Cufacke, James de 3a Hide, John Afh, and Pa-
trick and Robert Afh.

and made ready to entertain the Conquerors, Alfo, He remov'd the Exchequer from Dub-
whofoever they fhould be, faying, itwould be a lin to Carlagh, and gave 500/. to wall the

ihame thatGuefts fhould .come, and find him Town.

unprovided. It pleating God to blefs the Eng- Alfo, On the feaft of S. Maur the Abbot,
lifh withVi&ory, he invited them all to Supper
there happen'd a violent Wind that fhook and
to rejoice with him, giving God thanks for his blew down Pinnacles, Chimnies, and other high
fuccefs : He (aid, I thank God ; becaufe thus Buildings, with very many Trees and feveral

it is better to lave, than to pour on the ground,

Steeples; particularly the Steeple of the FrieiS-

as fome advifed. He was bury'd in the Convent predicants.

of the Friers-predicants of Coulrath, near the MCCCLXII. In the 36th year of this King's
river Banrje.
reign,and on the 8th of April, S. Patrick's
Aifo, The Earl of Ormond, Judiciary of Church in Dublin w'as burnt down, through
Ireland, went into England, and Moris Fitz- negligence.

Thomas Earl of Kiidare, was made Jufticiary
of Ireland by charter or commitfion, in this
form Omnibm, &.C- To all, to whomjJwfe Prefents
:
Pall come, greeting: Know ye, that -we il$%'c commit-
MCCCLXIV. In the 38th year of this reign,
Leonel Earl of Ulffer arriv'd on the a 2d of
April in England, leaving the Earl of Ormond
to adminifter as his Deputy On the 8th of
;

ted to our jaitbjul and loving Subjecl Moris Earl of December following, he return'd.
Kiidare, the office of 'Jufiiciary of our Kingdom of MCCCLXV. In the 3 pth year of this reign,
Ireland, together with the Nation, and the Caftks_ the fame Leonel Duke of Clarence went again
and all Apurtenances thereunto belonging, to keep and into England, leaving Sir Thomas Dale Knight,
govern them, duriugour will and pleajure: Command- Keeper and Jufticiary inhisabfence.
ing, tJ)Qt while he remains in the faid office, he re- MCCCLXVII. A
greit feud arofe between
ceive the fum-tf five hundred pounds yearly out of our the Berminghams of Carbry and the People of
Exchequer at Dublin : Upon which confederation, he Meth, occafion'd by the depredations they had
Pail perform the faid office, and take care of the King- made in that Country. Sir Roberc de Prefton
dom^ and pifiintain twenty Men and Horje, in arms Knight, Chiet Baron of the Exchequer, put a
conflanfly, whereof himfe.lf Jball be one, during the good Garrifou into Carbry- cattle, and laid out
faid comniffmu In wituefs whereof, &c. Given a great deal of money againit, the King's Ene-
at Dublin, by the hands of our beloved Brother mies, to defend what he held in right ol his
jn Chrift, Thomas Burgey, Prior of the Hofpi- wife.
tal of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland, our Alfo, Gerald Fitz-Moris, Earl of Defmond,
Chancellor of that Kingdom, on the 30th of was made Jufiiciary of Ireland.
March, in the 3 5 th year of our reign. Alfo, MCCCLXVIII. In the 43d year of the fame
James le Botiller, Earl .of Ormond, returned to reign, after the holding of a Conference between
Ireland, being made Justiciary; whereupon the the Englifh and Irifli, Frier Thomas Burley
i

Earl of Kiidare refigii'd to him. Prior of Kylmaynon, the King's Chancellor in

MCCCEX1. Leonel, -fen of the King of Ireland, John Fitz-Reicher Sheriff of Meth 3
England, and Earlof LUfter in right of his Wife, Robert Tiriil Baron of Caftle-knoke, and ma-
came the King's Lieut en ant into Ireland ; and ny more, w ere taken Priibners in Carbry by the
;
r

on the 8th of September, being the Nativity of Berminghams and others of that Town. Then,
rhe blefled Virgin, arriy'd at Dublin with his James de Bermingham, who was kept in Irons
Wife Elizabeth, Daughter and Heir .of the Lord as a Traytor in tneCaitieof Trim, was fet at
,

William Burk, Earl of Ulfter. liberty in exchange for the faid Chancellor ; the
Another Peftilence happen 'd this year. There reft were fore'd to'raVrfom rbem (elves.
dy'd in Eugland, Henry Duke of Lancafter, Alfo, The Church of S.Maries in Trim, was
the Earl of March, and the Earl of Nor- burnt down by the fire in themonaftery.
thampton. Alfo, On the Eve of S. Luke the Evangelift,
Alio, On the 6th of January, Mods Don- Leonel Duke ot Clarence dy'd at Albe in Pye-
Cref a Citizen ,pf Dublin, was byri-d in the mont. He was firii bury'd in the city of Pavia
Church-yard of the Friers-predicants of the ncar.S. Auguftin, the great Doctor, and after-
fame City; having given forty Pounds to gla*e wards in the Convent of the Auftin Fryers at
the Church of that Convent. Clare in England.
Alfo, There dy'd. this. year the Lady Joan MCCCLXiX, In the 43d year of this reign,
Fleming, wife to the jLord Gcfteiy Trevers the Lord William de Windeibre, a Perfon of
;

and the Lady Margaret Birmingham wile to the great valour and courage, being made the King's
Lord Robert Prefton, on S. Margaret's, eve Lieutenant, Came into Ireland on the 12th of
:

they were bury'd in the Church of the Friers- July; to whom Gerald Fitz-Moris, Earl of
predicants of Tredagh. Defmond, rehgn'd the office of Jufticiary.
Alfo, The Lord Walter Bermingham the MCCCLXX.
In the 44th year of this reign,
younger, dy'd on S. Lawrence's- day, who di- the third Peftilence rag'd in Ireland, and was
.

vided his Eftate among Sillers ; one of whofe more violent than either of the former two :.

Shares came to the aforefald Prefton. many of the Nobility and. Gentry, as alio Citi-
AUb, The forefaid Leonel being arriv'd in zens, and Children without number, dy'd of
Ireland, and having relrelh'd himftlf for fome it.

few days, made War upon O

Erynne, and made The fame year, Gerald Fitz-Maurice Earl
Proclamation in his Army, That no native of Defmond, the Lord John Nicholas, the Lord
Irifhman fhould be fuffer'd to come near it; Thomas Fitz-John, and many others of the No-
and a hundred of his Stipendiaries were flaini bility, were taken Prifoners on the 6th of July,
near
 The ANNALS of IRELAND.
Hear the Monaftcry of Magio in the County of MCCCXCIX. In the 23d of King Richard,
Limerick, by O-Breen and Mac Comar of Tho- being Sunday, the morrow after S. Petronil or
mond many were (lain in the Fray. Whereupon,
:
Pernil the Virgin, King Richard arriv'd at
the Lieutenant went over to Limerick, in order Waterford with 200 fail.
to defend Mounfter ; leaving the War againft At Ford in Kenlys in the County of Kildare,
the O-Tothiles and the other Irilri in Leinfter. on the 6th day of that week, two hundred of
This year, dy'd the Lord Robert Terell Ba- the Iriih were (lain by Jericho and others of
the
ron of Caftle Knock, with his Wife Scolaftica Englilh ; and the next day, the people of
Dub-
lin made an inroad into the Country of
Houth, and their foil and heir; fo that the O
Bryn,
Inheritance was ihar'd between Joan and Maud, and cut off thirty-three of the Irilh, and took
fillers of the laid Robert. prifoners to the number of eighty, men, wo-
Alio, The Lord Simon Fleming, Baron of men, and children. The King came to Dublin
Slane, the Lord JohnCufak Baron of Colmolyn, this year on the fourth of the kalends
of July,
and John Taylor fometimes Mayor of Dublin, and embark'd in great hade for England, upon
a very rich man, dy'd this year. the news that Henry duke of Lancafter
was ar-
riv'd there.
MCCCC. At Whitfontide, the firft year of
King Henry IV. the Conftable of Dublin-
caftle and feveral others engag'd the Scots at
"This Continuation it taken from the Manufcript Stranford in Ulfter, which pr'ov'd unfortunate
Chronicle oj HENB.T MARLEBURGH. to the Englilh ; many of them being cut-off
and drown'd in that encounter.
MCCCCI. The fecond year of this reign,
MCCCLXXII. The Lord Robert de Aihe- the Lord John Stanley the King's
Lieutenant)
ton came Juiticiary into Ireland. went over into England in May; leaving the
MCCCLXXIII. A war between the
great Lord William Stanley to fupply his place.
Engltih of Meth, and O-Feroll; with much On Bartholomew-eve this year, Stephen
ilaughteron both fides. Scrope came into Ireland, as Deputy
to the
Alfo, The Lord John Huffe Baron of Gal- Lord Thomas of Lancafter, the King's Lieu-
trim, John Fitz-Richard Sheriff of Meth, and tenant.
William Dalton, were kill'd by the Irilh in Ky- The fame year, on the feaft of S. Brice,
naleagh, in May. Bifhop andConfeflbr, the Lord Thomas of
Lan-
MCCCLXXV. dy'd Thomas Archbifhop of cafter, theKing's fon, being Lieutenant of Ire-
Dublin the fame year, Robert of Wickford
:
land, arriv'd at Dublin.
was confecrated Archbilhop of Dublin. MCCCCII. The Church of the Friers Pre-
MCCCLXXXI. Edmund Mortimer the dicants in Dublin was confecrated on
the ;th
Kings Lieutenantin Ireland, and Earl of of July, by the Archbilhop of Dublin. The
March and Ulfler,
dy'd at Cork. fame day 4pj Irilh were (lain by John Drake
MCCCLXXXIII. A
raging peitilence in Mayor of Dublin, affifted with the Citizens
Ireland. and the Country people, near Bree, where they
MCCCLXXXV. Dublin-bridge fell down. gain'd a confiderable victory.
MCCCXC. dy'd Robert Wikford Archbifiiop In September this year, a Parliament was
of Dublin. held at Dublin. Sir Bartholomew Verdon,
This year, was the Tranflation of Robert Knight, James White, Stephen Gernon and'
Waldeby Archbilhop of Dublin, of the Order of their accomplices,kill'd John Dowdal Sheriff
the Aullin-Friers. of Louith, in Urgal, during this feflion.
MCCCXCVII. The Tranflation and death of MCCCCIII. In the fourth of King Henry
Frier Richard de Northalis, Archbilhop of the fourth, Sir Walter Beterley, a valiant
Dublin, of the Order of the Carmelites. Knight, with thirty more, was kill'd in Ulfter
This year, Thomas Crauley was confecrated in May, being Steward there.
Archbilhop of Dublin. About the feaft of S. Martin this year, the
This year, the Lord Thomas Burk and the King's Son, Thomas, went over into England,
Lord Walter Bermingham, cut oft' 600 of the leaving Stephen Scroop his Deputy, who re-
Irilh, and Mac Con their Captain. turn'd alfo about the beginning of Lent into
* Edmund Earl of March, Lieutenant of
*&<&! RoEcr. England ; after which the Lords of the King-
'
Ireland, with the affiftance of the Earl of Or- dom chofe the Earl of Ormond Judiciary of
mond, wafted the Country of Bryn, and O Ireland.
made feven Knights, Chriflopher Prelton, John MCCCCIV. The fifth year of King Henry
Bedeleu, Edmund Loundris, John Loundris, the fifth dy'd John Cowlton Archbilhop of
William Nugent, Walter de la Hide, and Robert Armagh on the fifth of May, and was fucceed-
Cadel, at the ftorming of a Itrong mannor-houfe ed by Nicholas Fleming. The fame year on
of the faid O Bryn.
S. Vitali's-day, a Parliament was held at Dub-
MCCCXCVUI. Forty Englilh, among lin by the Earl of Ormond, at that time
Ju-
whom were John Fitz-Williams, Thomas Tal- diciary of the Kingdom ; where the Statutes of
bot, and Thomas Comyn, were unfortunately Kilkenny and Dublin, and the Charter of Ire-
cut-oft" on Afcenfion-day by the Lords Lez land, were confirm'd.
Tothils. Patrick Savage was, this year, treacheroully
On S. Margaret's day, this year, Roger Earl flain in Ulfter by Mac Kilmori his brother
:

of March, the King's Lieutenant, was (lain, Richard alfo, being given as a hoftage, was
with many others, by O Bryn and other Irilh of murder'd in prifon afar he had paid a ranfom
Leinfter, at Kenlys in that province : Roger of 200 marks.
Grey was appointed to fucceed him in the office MCCCCV. The King Henry, three
fixth of
of Judiciary. Scotch Galleys, two at Green-Caftle and one
On the Feaft of S. Mark, Pope and Confef-
at Dalkay, were taken in May, with the Cap-
for, the noble Duke of Sutherey came to Dub- tain Thomas Mac Golagh.
lin, being made the King's Lieutenant in Ire- The merchants of Tredagh enter'd Scotland
land; accompany'd with Thomas Crawley, this year, and took hodages and booty.
Archbilhop Dublin. of

The
 ;;

The ANNALS of IRELAND.

The fame year, Stephen Scroop went intoEng- more of his retinue. His Goods were all con-
land, leaving the Earl of Ormond Judiciary of vey 'd away by the Lord Lieutenant's fervants,
Ireland. andhimfeif imprifon'din the Caftle of Dublin,
In June this year, the people of Dublin en- till he paid 300 marks.

ter'd Scotland atS. Ninian's, where they behav'd
themfelves gallantly ; alter which they made a
defcent into Wales, and did great hurt among
theWelfh: in this expedition they carry'd aw'ay
the fhrine of S. Cubie, to the Church of the
Holy Trinity in Dublin.
The fame year, on the Eve of the bletfed
Virgin, dy'd James Boteler Earl of Ormond at
Baligauran, during his office of Judiciary.; he
was much lamented, and fucceeded in the Office
by Gerald Earl of Kildare.
MCCCCVI. In the feventh of King Ri-
chard, the Dublinians, on Corpm Chrijii day,
with the afliftauce of the country people, over-
came the Irifh and kill'd fome of them ; they
took two Standards, and carry 'd feveral beads
to Dublin.
The fame year, the Prior of Conal, in a battle
with 100 Irifh well-arm'd, did vanquifh them
by his great valour, on the Plain of Kildare;
killing fome, and putting the reft to flight
The Prior and his party were not above twenty;
fuch is the regard of Providence to thofe
truft in it.
The fame year, after the feaft of S.
On'S. Marcellus's day, the fame year, dy'd
Stephen Lord Scroop at Trifteldcrmot.
The faid Thomas of Lancafter was this year
wounded at Kilmainan ; and almoft mortally.
Afterwards, he made Proclamation, That alt
who were indebted to the King upOn the ac-
count of Tenure, fhould make their appear-
ance at Roue. After S. Hilary, he held a Par-
liament at Kilkenny to have Tallage granted
him. On the third of the Ides of March, he
went into England, leaving the Prior of Kil-
maynan his Deputy.
This year, Hugh Mac-Gilmory was (lain at
Cragfergus in the Church of the Friers-minors,
which he had formerly deftroy'd, and broke the
Windows thereof (for the fake of the Iron bars)
which thereby gave his Enemies, viz,, the. Sa-
vages, admittance.
MCCCCIX. In the 10th of King Henry, in
June, eighty of the Irifli were cut off by the
: Englifh, under the conduct of Janko of Artoys
in Ulfter.
who MCCCCX. On the 13th of June, a Parlia-
ment was held at Dublin, which continued fit-
Michael, Weeks the Prior of Kilmainan be-
ting three ;

Scroop, Deputy juftice to the Lord Thomas ingDeputy for the Jufticiary.
the King's fon Viceroy of Ireland, arrived The fame year, on the 10th of July, the faid
here. Jufticiary took the CafUe of Mibrackly de
The fame year, dy'd Pope Innocent VII. and O Feroll, and built De la Mare : There was
was fucceeded by Gregory. great fcarcity of corn tins year.
The fame year on S. Hilaries-day, a Parlia- The fame year, the faid Jufticiary invaded
ment was held at Dublin, which broke up in the Territory of O-Brin at the head of fifteen
Lent, at Trym. Meiler Bermingham flcwCa- hundred Kerns, of whom eight hundred de-
thol O
Conghir in the latter end of February : ferted and went over to the Irifli ; fo that if the
and Sir Geffeiy Vaux, a valiant Knight of the People of Dublin had not been at hand, there
County of Carlagh, dy'd. would have been much w oe and fliame : how-
r

MCCCCVII. A perfidious Iriihman call'd
Mac Adam Mac Gilmori, who had been the
occafion of deftroying forty Churches, and was
never chriften'd, and therefore called Corbi; took
Patrick Savage prifoner, and fore'd him to pay
2000 marks for his ranfom, and, after all,
kill'd both him and his brother Richard.
The fame year, on the feaft of the Exaltation
of the Holy Crofs, Stephen Scroop deputy Lieu-
ever, John Derpatrick loft his life.
MCCCCXII. About the feaft of tiburce
and Valerian, O-Conghir did much harm to
the Englifli in Meth, and took 160 Prifoners.
The fame year, O-Doles a Knight, and.
Thomas fen of Moris Sheriff of Limerick,
kill'd each other.
On the i?th of June this year, dy'd Robert
Monteyn, Bifliop of Meth ; and w as fucceeded r

tenant to the King's fon Thomas, accompany 'd by Edward Dandifey, formerly Arch-deacon
with the Earls or Ormond and Defmond, the of Cornwall.
Prior of Kilmainan, and many others trom MCCCCXIII. On the 7th of October, John
Meth, march'd cut of Dublin, and invaded the Stanley, the King's Lieutenant in Ireland, ar-
territories of Mac Murgh Upon engaging, riv'd at Cloucarte t and, on the 6th of January,
-
:

thelrifh at firfl had the better, but they were dy'd at Aterith.
at laft beat back by the bravery of theie com- The fame year, after the death of John Stan-
manders. O
Nolam, with his fon, and others, ley Lieutenant, Thomas Cranley Archbifhop
were taken prifoners. But upon the news that of Dublin was elected Jufticiary of Ireland on
the Bourkeins and O
Kerol had continued two the 1 ith of February. Another Parliament
days together over-running the County of Kil- was held at Dublin on the morrow of S. Mat-
kenny, theymarch'd in all haife to the village of thias the Apoftle, which continu'd fifteen days
Cailan, and furpriz'd them, and put them to and during that term, thelrifh fet many Towns
flight. O
Kerol, and Soo more, were cut off on fire, as they us'd to do in Parliament-times
in this action. upon which a Tallage was demanded, but not
Stephen Scroop went over into England this granted.
year, and James le Botler Earl of Ormond was MCCCCXIV. The O-Mordries and O-
\ Ter tcrram.\ by the Country elected JufHciary. Dempfies, Irifli, were cut off by the Englifli,
MCCCCVII1. The faid JufHciary held a near Kilka, as the Jufticiary Thomas Cranley
Parliament at Dublin, which confirmed the Archbifhop of Dublin, went in ProceiTion
Statutes of Kilkenny and Dublin ; and a Char- in Trifteldermot, praying with his Clerks; and
ter was granted under the great feal of England 100 Irifli were likewife routed by his Servants
r.gainft Purveyours. and others, their Country-men.
The very day after the feaft of S. Peter ad Upon the feaft of S. Gordian and Epima-
the Lord Thomas of Lr.ncafter
vinculo, this year, chus, the Englifh of Meth were defeated j
the King's fon and Lieutenant, arriv'd at Car- Thomas Maureuard Baron of Serin, and many
lingford in Ireland, from whence he came the others, were (lain, and Chriftopher Fleming and
week after to Dublin : As the Earl of Kildare John Dardis taken Prifoners, by O-Conghir
came to him, he arrefted the Earl with three and the Irifh.

[ h ] On
 *

The ANNALS of IRELAND.

On S. Martin's-eve, John Talbot Lord of On
the feaft of S. Mary Magdalen, the Lieu-
Furnival, being made Lieutenant of Ireland, tenant, John Talbot, went into England, lea-
arriv'd at Dalkay. ving the Archbifhop of Dublin to adminifter in
MCCCCXV. Robert Talbot, a Nobleman, hisabfence; carrying many Cur fes along with
-who wall'd the Suburbs of Kilkenny, dy'd in him, for he paid little or nothing for his Pro-
November this year. vifions, and was indebted to many.
Alio, After All-Saints, dy'd Frier Patrick About the feaft of S. Laurence, feveral dy'd
Barer, Bifhop of Feme and Canon of Keulis, in Normandy, yh,. the Brother of Thomas
where he was bury'd. Botiller, Prior ofKilmainan, with many others.
MCCCCXVL, 'On the Feaft of S. Gerva- Frier John Fitz-Henry fucceeded him in
fius the L. Furnival had a fon
and Prothafius, the Priory. The Archbifhop being left Depu-
born at Finglaffer. About this time, the reve- ty, fell upon the Scohier, and cut off thirty
rend Stephen Fleming Archbifhop of Armagh Irifh, near Rodifton.
departed this life, and was fucceeded by John Alfo, On the Ides of February, dy'd Frier
Suanig. At the fame time, the Eifhop of Ar- John Fitz-Henry, Prior ofKilmainan, and was
• ttachad dy'd likewife, viz.. Frier Adam Lyns, fucceeded by Frier William Fitz-Thomas, who
of the order ot the Friers-Predicants. was elected and confirmed the morrow after
Alfo, On S. Laurence's-day, dy'd Thomas S. Valentine's-day.
Talbot, fon of the Lord Furnival, lately born Alio, f The morrow
after the feaft of S. Pe-+ Incrafiim
at Finglas, and was bury'd in the Quire of the ter in Cathedra,John Talbot Lord of Furnival Cathedra
Friers -Predicants at Dublin, within the Con- furrender'd his place to Richard Talbot Arch-
vent. [A Parliament was held at Dublin,] du- bifhop of Dublin, who was after chofen Jufti-
ring which the Irifh fell upon the Englifh and ciarv of Ireland.
iky." many of them and among the reft, Tho-
; MCCCCXX. On the fourth of April, the
mas Palimore of Baliquelan. Lord James Botiller, Earl, arriv'd at Water-
This Parliament contmu'd here for fix Weeks, ford, being Lieutenant of Ireland; and foon af-
and then adjourn'd, till the eleventh of May at ter permitted Combat between two of his
a
'Trym where it fat eleven days, and granted
; Coufins ; of whom, one dy'd in the Field, and
four hundred Marks to the Lieutenant. the other was carry 'd off wounded to Kilken-
MCCCCXVH. On the eve of S. Philip and ny. On St. George Vday, the faid Lieutenant
Jacob, Thomas Cranley Archbifhop of Dub- held a Counc:l at Dublin, and gave order for a
lin, went over into England, and dy'd at Fa- Parliament. In the mean time, he took a large
rindon, and was bury'd in New-college in Ox- Booty from O-Raly, Mac-Mahon and Mac-
ford ; a Perfon very liberal and charitable, a Guycr. On the eighth of June, the Parlia-
great Clerk, a Doctor in Divinity, an excel- ment met at Dublin, and feven hundred Marks
lent Preacher, a great Builder, Beautiful and were therein granted to the Lieutenant. This
gay, fanguinc and tall; fo that it might be Parliament continu'd fixtecn days, and at laft
well faid of him, "Thou art fairer than the chil- was prorogued till the Monday after S. An-
||
AiferUm 1|

dren of men, full of Grace are thy Lips, by reafon oj drews, at Dublin. The Debts of the Lordfecund<m,
thy Eloquence. He was eighty years old, and John Talbot late Lieutenant, were computed
govern d the See of Dublin peaceably almoft in this Parliament, w hich amounted to a great
r

twenty years. Sum.

MCCCCXVIH. The feall: of the Annuncia- Alfo, On the morrow after S. Michael's-day,
tion happen'd this year on Good Friday ; im- Michael Bodley departed this life.
mediately after Eafter, the Tenants of Henry Alfo, On S. Francis's eve, dy'd Frier Nicho-
Crus and Henry Bethat were plunder'd by the las Talbot Abbot of the Monaftery of S. Tho-
Lord Deputy. mas the Martyr, in Dublin and was fucceed- ;

Alfo, On S. John and S. Paul's day, the ed by Frier John Whiting.

Earl of Kildare, the Lord Chriftopher Prefton, Alfo, The morrow after S. Simon and Jude,
and the Lord John Bedleu, were arrefted at the caftle of Colmolin was taken by Thomas
Sialic, and committed to Trym-caftle ; who Fitz-Gcffery.
defir'd to fpeak with the Prior ofKilmainan. Alfo, On S. Katherin the Virgin's eve, was
On the fourth of Auguft, dy'd the Lord Mat- born Boteler, fon and heir to the Earl of Ormond.
thew Hufee Baron of Galtrim, and was bury'd Alfo, * On Monday after the feaft of S. SecunU
in the Convent of the Friers-Predicants of Andrew, the forefaid Parliament met at Dub-/* r ".
Trym. lin, and fat thirteen days. The Lieutenant had
MCCCCXIX. On the eleventh of May, three hundred Marks granted him herein ; and
dy'd Edmund Brcl, fometimcs Mayor of Dub- it was adjournal f till the monday after S. Am- r Adferiam
and was bury'd in the Convent of the fecundam.
lin, b ro fe _

tritium Friers-Predicants in the fame City. * Par- A News came over at this time, that the Lord
te, liament was held at Naas, and three hundred Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Defmond, dy'd on
Marks granted to the Lieutenant. S. Laurence's-day at Paris, and was buried in
At the fame time, dy'd Sir John Loundres, the Convent of the Friers-predicants there, the
Knight. On the fifth day in Paffion-wcek, O- King being prefent at his Funeral. James
Thoil took four hundred Head of Cattle that Fitz-Gerald, his Uncle by the Father's fide,
belong'd to Balimor; by which he broke his fucceeded to the Seignory, who had thrice dif-
own Oath and the publick Peace. poilefs'd him of his Eftate, and accus'd him of
On the fourth ot May, Mac Morthe the prodigality and wafte both in Ireland and Eng-
chief Captain of that Sept, and of all the Irifh land, and that he had already given, or in-
in Leinfter,was taken Prifoner. Hugh Coke- tended to give, Lands to the Abbey oi S. James
fey was knighted the fame day. at Kevnifham.
On the laft of May, the Lieutenant, and the MCCCCXXI [Dominica feria.] The Par-
Archbifhop of Dublin, and the Mayor, made liament fat the third time at Dublin, || the || Feria ftcun-
the Caftle of Kenini to be demolifh'd. monday after the feaft of S. Ambrofe, and^-
The day alter S. Proceffus and Maitinian, thereinit was refolv'd, That the Archbifhop of
the Lord William Burgh, with others of the Armagh and Sir Chriftopher Prefton, Knight,
Englifh, fiew five hundred Irifh, and took O- I
fhould be fent to the King for rcdrefs of na-
Kelly prifoner. tional Grievances.
At
 .

The ANNALS of IRELAND.

At the fame time, Richard O-Hedian, Bi- On the nones of May, a great Slaughter
fhop of CalTcl, was accus'd by John Gefe Bi- was made among the retinue of the Earl of
ihop of Lifmore and Waterford, upon thirty Ormond, Lieutenant, near the Monaftery of
diftinct Articles ; That he favour'd the Irifh, Leys, by O-Mordris; twenty feven of the
and was averfe to the Englifh; That he pre- Englifh were cut off The chief of them were
fented none of the Engtiih to any Benefice, and Purcel and Grant. Ten Perfons of Quality
had given order to other Bifhops that they were taken Prifoners, and aoo rled to the fare-
fhoiud not prefer them to any the lead Living : faid Monaitery, and were fay'd.
That he counterfeited the King of England's Seal On the Ides of May, dy'd Sir John Bedley,
and the King's Letters-patents, and that he Knight, and Jetfery Galon, formerly Mayor
had attempted to make himfelf King of Moun- of Dublin, who was bury'd in the Convent of
fter; That he took away a Ring from the the Friers-predicants of that City.
Image of S. Patrick (which the Earl of Def- About this time, Mac-Mahon did great mif-
mond had offer'd) and gave it to his Whore; chief in Urgal ; plundering and burning.
with feveral other enormous Crimes, all exhi- On the feventh of June, the Lieutenant went
bited in Writing; which created a great deal of into Leys againft O-Mordris with a mighty
vexatious trouble to the Lords and Commons. Army, which before them for four
kill'd all
In this Parliament, there was alfo a Debate days, till the Irifh promifed peace and fub-
between Adam Pay Eifhop of Clon [and ano- miffion.
ther] for that the Bifhop of Clon would have On S. Michael's-day, Thomas Stanley, with

annex'd the Church of another to his See, and all the Knights and 'Squires of Meth and Irel,
that other oppos'd it ; fo they were referred to took Moyl O-Downyl prifoner, and kiil'd o-
the Court of Rome. This Seffion continu'd thers, in the fourteenth year of King Henry
eighteen days. the fixth.

Thm far go the Annals of Ireland, viz. all that I could meet with ; Tfhefe I have inferted here.3
to gratify fuch as delight in Antiquity. As for the nice delicate Readers, who try all Wri-
tings byAuguftus's Age, I am •very fenfible they -will not relifh them, becaufe they are -written
in a rough, infipd, dry Stile, fuch as was common in that Age. But let thefe Perfons re-
member, That Hiftory bears and requires Authors of all Ages, and that they muff.
look for Things in fome Writers, as well as Words in others.

THE
 THE
* See
Condufwn of
the

the Description
of Ireland.
*
ON AND THEIR
E A L S
REBELLIONS
tThis,C,
In the fLAST Age.

[By <jNlr. Camden.1

O fay nothing of O-Neal the Englifh to invade them. King Henry VIII. had
Great, who before the arrival already humbled the Family of Kildare, and
of St. Patrick tyranniz'd in began to be jealous of the O-Neals who ;

Ulfier and a great part of Ire- had been aiding to the former in their
land i nor of thofe after him, rebellions which terrify'd him fo much, that
;

who were too obfeure for Hi- he came into England voluntarily, andrenoune'd
ftory This family has been
: the title of O-Neal, and furrender'd all he had
of no eminence fince the Englifh fet foot in that into the King's hands: who, by his Letters-
Kingdom, fave only during the fpaee in which Patents under the great Seal, reftor'd them,
Edward Briu the Scot affum'd the title of King of with the title of Earl of Tir-Oen, to have and r ,
T ,

e fR Ea
Ireland, In thofe troublefome times, Dovenald to hold, to him and his/on Matthew (falfly fo f Tir-Oen.
O-Neal began to exert himfelf, and in his Letter call'd) and to the Heirs of their bodies law-

, to the Pope us'd this fiile, Dovenald O-Neal, fully begotten. Matthew at the fame time was
**' created Baron of Dunganon ; who, till the fif-
King of Ulfier and right heir by defcent of all Ireland.
ton J.

26. Yet this new King foon vanifh'cL upon the
ceafing of thofe troubles, and his pofterity con-
tinu'd in obfeur'ity till the wars between the
houfes of York and Lancafter embroil'd the King-
dom of England, and the Englifh then inUlfier
were oblig'd to return home to fupport their
refpedive parties, and commit the Province to
the charge of the O-Neals. At that time, Henry
O-Neal, the foil of Oen or Eugenim O-Neal,
marry'd the daughter of Thomas Earl of Kil-
dare ; and his fon Con More, or Con the Great,
marry'd the daughter of Girald Earl of Kildare,
his mother's Neice. Being thus fupported with
the power and interefi of the Earls of Kildare,
who had adminifter'd the affairs of Ireland for
many years, they began to lord it with great
tyranny over the people, under no other title
than the bare name of O-Neal; infolently flight-
ing thofe of Prince, Duke, Marquijs, Earl, &c.
teenth year of his age, pafs'd for the fon of a
Black-fmith in Dundalk, whofe wife had been a
concubine of this Cons, and then prefented the
lad to him as his fon. Accordingly he received
him as fuch, and
fet afide own (on John, or sfiaa or ~^s
his
Sban, as they calf him, with the reft of the ch.il-0.2vea/,
dren which he had had by his lawful wife. Shan,
feeing a Baftard preferr'd before him and ad-
vane'dtothis dignity, took fire immediately,
and became an utter enemy to his father ; with
fuch violent hatred and enmity againft Matthew,
that he murther'd him; and fo plaug'd the old
man with affronts and indignities (attempting
to difpoifefs him of his eftate and honours) that
he dy'd of grief.
Shan was prefently chofen and prochim*d
O-Neal, after which he enter'd upon the Eftate ;
and, to fecurc himfelf in the enjoyment of it,
made diligent fearch after the fous of Matthew ;

as mean, and inferiour to it. Con, the fon of but they had made their efcape. Yet Brian, the
this Con, firnamed Bacco, i. e. lame, fucceeded his eldeft, was fiain not long after by Mac-Donel

father in this dignity of O-Neal; who denoun- Totan, of the family of O-Neal, and' upon Shan's
ced a curie upon fuch of his poflerity, as fliould inftigation, as was reported. Hugh and Cormack
learn to fpeak Englifh, or fow corn, or build made their efcape by the affiflance of the Eng-
houfes; fearing that thefe would tempt the lifh, and are living | at this day. Shan, being Ann. 1607.-f-

poffefs'd
 The O-Neals and their Rebellions.

pofll'fsM of the Government, and being aifo ot an Army againft him ; but wifely detach'd fe-
a barbarous cruel temper, began to tyrannize ven companies of foot and a * troop of horfe* Alcii

among the Gentry ot Ulfter after an intolerable to go before-hand, under the conduct of Edward
manner ; beading that he had the Mac-Gennys, Randolph a tamous old foldier, by lea, into the
Mac-Gurr, Mac- Ma'.on, O-Rtaly, O-Hanhn, O- North parts of Ireland ; where they encamp'd
Cdhkh Mic-Briai, O-Hagan, O-Qjim, Mac-Can- at Derry upon Loghjbi I, to be upon the rear of
na, Mac-Cartan, and the Mac-Dwells, the Galio- the enemy. Shan tearing this, immediately
gfojfes, his Subjects. march 'd thither, and with all his force endea-
Being called to account for thefe things by voured to remove them : upon this attack,
H. Sidney, who governed in the abfence ot the Randolph gave him battel; and though he va-
Earl ot Lord Deputy; he anfwer'd,
Sujfex liantly loft his own
engagement, yet
lite in the
That, undoubted and legitimate fori and
as the he gave the enemy fuch
irom that a defeat, that
heir ot" Co n, born by his lawful wife, he had time forward they were never able to keep the
entered upon his father's eftate that Matthew
; field. So that Shan, finding himfelf weakened
was the Ton ot" a Black-fmith ot* Dundalk, born by flight skirmiflies, and deierted byhisfoldiers,
of his wife Alifon, who had cunningly obtruded was once refolv'd to go and throw himfelf, with a
him upon his father Con as his foil, to deprive halter about his neck, at the mercy of the Lord
him of the eftate and dignity: of the O-Neals . > Deputy : But his Secretary perfwading him in
and that, fuppofifig he had been lb tame as to the firft place to folicit the friendihip of the
bear tin's injury, not another of the family of Scots, who under the conduct of Alexander Oge,
O'Neal would have endur'd it That as for the
: i. e. the younger, were now encamp'd in Claneboy;
Le.ters Patents of Henry VIII, they were null he fent Surley boy, Alexander's brother, whom he
and void, forafmucb as Con had no right in any had detain'd prifoner a long time, to prepare
of thofe things which he furrender'd to the the way, and foon after follow'd with the wife
King, but for his own life; and that he had not cf O-Donelt, whom
had raviih'd. heThe
the difpofal of them, without the confent of the Scots received him kindly, and with a few of his
Nobility and People who elected him O-Neale : adherents he was admitted into a tent, where,
neither were Patents of this nature ot any after fome cups, they began to refent the fate
force, but where the true heir of the family was of James Mac-Conell, the brother of Alexander,
firft certify 'd upon the oath of twelve men; whom Shan had kiifd, and the difhonour done Shan mur*
which was omitted in this cafe: Laftly, that he to James's lifter, whom Shan had marry 'd and ^er'd.
was right lieir,both by the Lawsof God and man, then put away ; whereupon Alexander Oge and
being the eldeft fon of his father, born in wed- his brother Mac-Gillafyic, took fire, and giving
lock, and elected O-Neal by the unanimous con- the fignal for revenge, all fell upon Shan with
font of the Nobility and People, according to their drawn fwords, and run him through and
the Law of Taneftry, whereby a man at his full through by whofe death, peace was reftored to
:

age is to be preferr'd before a boy, and anunkle that Province in the year 15*57.
before a nephew whofo Grandfather furviv'd the A little after this, a Parliament was held at
Father ; neither had he alfum'd any greater au- Dublin, wherein an Act pafled tor the Attainder
thority over the Nobility oiUlfler; than his An- of Shan, and for annexing molt of the Counties
ceftprs had ever done as he could fufficiently
;
and Seignories of Ulfter to the perfon ot the
prove from the Records. Queen and her SucceJlors ; and it was alfo eu-? The title of
Not long after,he fought O-Rayly, and de- acted, that none fhould hereafter afiume the ftileO-Nea/ abo-
feated him ; took Callogh O-Donell, put him in and title of O-Neal. Notwithftanding, it washed.
prifou with all his children, ravifiVd his wife foon after allum'd by Turlogh Leinigh, Brother's
and had by the adultery, feiz'd all his
iifue fon to the Con More O-Neal, already fpoken of;
Caftles, lands and moveables, and made himfelt who was now towards the decline ot his age,
Monarch of Ulfter. and therefore more calm and wary and the ;

But hearing, that 'Thomas Earl of
Lord Deputy, was upon his march to chaftife
his infolence ; he was fo terrified, that upon the
perfwafion of his Kmfman Girald Earl of Kil-
Sujfex, the rather, becaufe he layunder apprehenfions from
ShanS fons, and Hugh Baron of Dungannon his
fon, though he had marry 'd his daughter to
him whom he put away foon after, and mar-
;

ilare(who had been reflor'd to his eftate by
Queen Mary) he wont into England, and threw
himfelf on the mercy of Queen Elizabeth, who
rcceiv'd him gracioutly; and fo having promifed
allegiance for the future, he rcturn'd home,
where for fome time he went on in a civiliz'd
way both in diet and apparel, and drove the
Scots out of Ulfter (having flain "James Mac-
Conell their Captain) kept himfelf and his people
in good and protected the weak, but
order,
continued infolent and cruel to the Nobility
inlbmuch that they petition "d the Lord Deputy
for protection and relief. Whereupon, he grew
more outragious, difpolfefs'd Mac-Guir, Lord of
Fermanagh (who had fecretly inform'd againft
him) with fire and fword, burnt the Metropo-
litan Church of Armagh, and beiieged Dundalk
but this laft prov'd ineffectual, partly by the
valour of the Garrifon, and partly by the ap-
prehenfion of being furpriz a by William Sar-
field, the Mayor ot Dublin, who was on his
march towards him with the flower ot the City.
However, he made cruel ravages in the adjacent
. Country.
. To put a flop to thefe bold and out-
LordDeputy ragious proceedings, Sidney the Lord Deputy fet
1565, 'out himfelf, and was advanced at the head of
ried another. This Turlogh, being very obfe-
quious and dutitul to the Queen of England,
gave no difturbance to the Englifh, but prov'd a
very troublefom neighbour to O-Donell and the
Ifland-Scots, and in a skirmifti cut off Alexander
Oge, who -had kill'd Shan O-Neal. Hugh, the
fon of Matthew, called Baron of Dungannon, who
for a long while had liv'd, fometimes obfeurely
in his own country, and fometimes in England
in the fervice ot fome of our Nobility; began
; to rife from this mean condition, to fome de-
gree of eminence. The Queen made him Cap-
tain of a troop of horfe in the war againft the
Earl of Defmond, and allow'd him a yearly pen-
fion of athoufand marks : whereupon, he be-
haved himfelt gallantly againft the rebels in all
; encounters, and at length exhibited a Petition
in Parliament, That by virtue of a Grant made
to his Grandfather, an Act might be pafs'd for
his reftitution to the title and dignity of Earl of
Tir-Oen, and the eftate of his Anceftors.
As for the title and dignity of Earl of Tir-jjUgk, Son of
Oen, it was granted without difficulty; but ihe Matthew,
annex'd to the Crown
eftate of hisAnceftors being ™.a(ie Earl of
irocn '
by the Attainder of Shan O-Neal, it was wholly
referr'd to the Queen, who gracioufly gave it

[ i
]
him
 The O-Neals and their Rebellions.

him in confideration of his fervicea already done him of high treafon that by his arts and infti-
;

her, and thefe fhe expected hereafter. Yet, gationhehad made William Fitz-Wiljiams, the
tirft, fhe provided that the Province fliould be Lord Deputy, his bitter enemy; and that he
furvey'd and laid out into proper diftricts, and had lain in ambufh for his life. This is certain, '

that one or two places fliould be reierv'd in her that all that the Lord Deputy had writ upon
own hands For garrifons, particularly the Fort that fubjecl, was believ'd in the Court of Eng-
at Black-water » that provifion fliould be made land, the Earl, to clear himfelf, writ into
till

lor the maintenance of the fons of Shan and England, that he w ould (land his trial either
r

Turlogh; and that he fliould pretend to no au- there or in Ireland.

thority over any neighbouring Scignories be- And it is alfo plain, that he and the other New RebeV
yond the County of Tir-Oen. Having willingly Lords of Ulfter encer'd into a fecret combina- hon in ^H* er*
5
embrae'd theie conditions, lie return *! his mo-it tion about this time, That they would defend
humble thanks to her Majefty, with great ex- the Roman-Catholick Religion (for rebellion is
pivJlions of the reality of his Intentions and never fet afoot now, but under pretence and co-
of his fincere refolution to be wanting in no- lour of religion ;) That they would fufter no

thing which Application could eilii'ft And in- : Sheriffs nor Garrifons to be within the compafs
deed it mull be laid, that he performed his pro- of their territories; and, That they would ftand
niifc, and that the Queen could expect no more by one another in maintaining their rights, and
from the mod faithful iubjeef fliehad, thnn he did jointly refill: all Inva lions of the Englifh. The
for her. He had a body made to endure labour, rirft that gave the alarm, was Mac-Gwire, a man
watching, and want his induftry was great,
;
ot a turbulent fpirit, who ravag'd the country
his mind warlike and capable of the higheil em- about him, and entered Conaght, accompanied
ployments he had great knowledge in the
: v ith one G'auran a Prieft, whom the Pope had
affairs of war, and was fo profound a diliem- made Primate of Ireland, and who exhorted
b!er, that fomc foretold at that time, He would him to depend upon God and try his fortune,
either prove the greatejl good, or the greatejl hurt, to and aflur'd him that the Event would anfwer his
Ireland. He gave iuch tcftimonics of his valour expectation. Yet it happen'd quite otherwife ;
and loyalty, that the Queen hcrfelf interceded tor Mac-Gwire was routed by Richard Bingham,
with Turlogh Lemigb for his Seignory, and got and the Primate himfelf was cut off, with many
him Surrender it upon conditions.
to After others. Soon after, Mac-Guire broke out in-
Lernigh's death, he ufurp'd the title of 0-Ncul> to open Rebellion, and was purfu'd by theMar-
notuithitanding it was made capital by Ac): of flial, and by the Earl himfelf under pretence of
Parliament excufing it, as done to anticipate
-, loyalty who receiv'd a wound in the thigh, and
;

others who were ready to aflume it, and pro- great applaufe for his valour. Yet at the lame
miiing to relinquish it ; but beg'd earncflly time he was fo intent upon his own fatety, that
1588. that no oath might be prefs'd upon him tor per- he intercepted the fons of Shan O-Neal, to
formance. prevent the mifchief they might do him and ;

About this time, the Spanifli Armada, winch though the reftitution of them was demanded,
Earl of Tir-
Oeit fufpefted had in vain attempted to invade England, was he anfwer' d nothing to the purpofe, but made
ofcorrefpond-difperfed and deffroy'd many of them in their
; heavy complaints of the injuries done him by
ing with the the Lord Deputy, the Marfhal, and the Gar-
return wcre fliipwreck'd in the Irifli Sea, and
paniards.
reac num bers of the Spaniards thrown upon rifons; which notwithftatiding he diilembled fo
g
the coaft of Ireland. The Earl of Tir-Ocn was laid Well, that he came afterwards to the Deputy as
to liave rcceiv'd fome of them with great khid- if he had forgot all, fubmitced himfelf, and,

nefs, and to have treated with them aboutmaking promiiing loyalty and entire obedience, returned
a private league between him and the King of home.
Spain. Upon this account, he was accus'd be- William Fitz-Williams being recail'd out of 1 J94.
fore the Queen (and no flight evidence brought Ireland, William Ruflel was made Lord Deputy Zajfel Lord
againil him) by Hugh Ne-Gavefcc, i.e. in Fetters, in his place. The Earl voluntarily went to Deputy.

a natural fon of Shan, and fo call'd from his
being kept in Fetrers for a long time which fo
enraged the Earl, that, afterwards, he had him
apprehended, and commanded him to be ilran-
him, promiiing a perfeit obedience to his Lord-
; fliip's commands in
everything, and fent letters
to fome of her Majefty's Council to the fame
etfect; entreating earneftly that: he might be re-

gled, but had much ado to find an Executioner, ceiv'd again into the Queen's favour, which he
the people had fo great a veneration for the blood had loft by no demerit or dillnyalty of his own,

of the O-Neals. Queen Elizabeth had ftill fuch but purely by the falfe fuggeftions of Enemies.
hopes of the Earl, that out of her Royal cle- Bagnal the Marfhal at the fame time exhibited
Al t les a"
mency, upon his Repentance and fuit for mercy, articles of accufation againft him; That the !

^
ihe pardon'd this barbarous and inhuman Par- Earl himfelf had fent Mac-Gwire, with the 1^ £ jifm
ricide notwithstanding the diflualions of fomc
; Primate, into Conaght; that he was in the com- o&o.
good men about her. There was alfo another bination of Mac-Gwire, O-Donell, and other
thing that gall'd him at this time: the Lord Confpirators ; that he had aflifted them in wall-
Deputy had extiuguifh'd the name of Mac- ing Monaghan, and in the fiegeof Inis-Kellin,
Mahon in the next County, and, to fupprefs by his. brother Cormac Mac-Baron and his
the power of that great family, had divided the baftard fon Con; and had by his threatnings
County among feveral ; whereupon the Earl drawn the Governours ofKilultoand Kilwarny
was appreheniive he would go on, and ferve him from their allegiance to the Queen. Upon this,

and the other Lords ot Ulfter after the fame it was warmly debated in Council, whether or

manner. Dlileniions between the Earl and no the Earl fliould be apprehended, to anfwer
Henry Eagnall, Marfhal of Ireland, broke out to this Information. The Lord Deputy was
likewife at this time ; for the Earl had marry'd for apprehending him, but moil of the Council,
EagnaH's Siller, by force. The Earl complain'd out of fear or favour to the Earl, were for dif-
that whatever he ir.d redue'd in Ulfter to the miffinghim at prefent, and deferring the tryal
fubjection of the Queen, at the expence of his to another time. Whereupon the Lord Deputy,
own blood, and labour, was no way advanta- in refpecl to the majority, and their great ex-
geous to iiim, but to the Marfhal; that the perience in the affairs of that Kingdom, defift-

Marffial, having fuborn'd certain profligate ed, though much againft his own inclination;

fellows to witnifs againif him, had impeach'd and the Earl was difmilfed but ; his accufers
not
 ; u

The O-Nkals and their Rebellions.

nor fo much as heard. The Queen was ex- that no Garrifoa, Sheriff nor any Officvr what-
tremely concern 'd at this averligbt (tor his dan- foever, might be piae'd within his County ;
gerous defigns and addons began now to ap- that his Troop of Horfe which the Queen had
pear plain to every body ;) and the more, be- formerly given him, might be rcftor'd; and
caufe file bad warn'd the Lord Deputy to detain that thofe who had pillaged his people, might-
the Earl in cuilody, till he lhould anfwer to the be punilhed.
crimes charg'd upon him. O-Done/I, after hehad enlarg'd upon the loy- --

o.ji3ne s
The Earl As foon as the Earl got home, and heard alty cf his Forefathers to the Kings oi' Eng- Grievances)
takes Black- of a reinforcement coming from England, and land, complain'd that one Boin, a Captain, was
water.
that 1300 veterans, under the
-\vho had ferv'd fent by Pcrrot the Lord Deputy
into his Pro-
command ot John Norris in Bretagne, were vince with Soldiers, under pretence of civilizing
now alio tranfporting thither from Holland; as his people; and that after his father had recei-
alfo that the Englilh had a deflgn upon B'dSi- ved him kindly, and affign'd him quarters, he.
jhaimoa and Belyk, two callles at the end of treated him barbaroully, and preferred a Battaiti
Lough Em; and being confeious cf what he to the dignity of O-DoneU : That the fame
had done; he lurpriz'd the Fort upon Black- Lord Deputy had intercepted this very Man
vjater, which open'd a paflage into his County at Sea, clap'd him in prifon notwithftanding
ot iter-Oen, and fore'd it to iurrender. His re- his innocence, and there unjuftly detained him,
solutions however were fo various, and uncer- till Providence iet him at liberty: That, more-
tain, that he wrote to the Earl of Kildare, to over, the Lord Deputy Fi^-lViHiams had kept
offer his afliffcaDce againft rhe Injuries of the Owen O-l'oole, the greateifc rnao in thefe parts
Lord Deputy ; as alfo to the Earl of Omioud, next O-Donell, a cloie prifoner feren years toge-
r-toquxflori. *&& Henry Wallop ,
* Vice-Treafurer of the ther, not withiUn ding he went to him upon
Kingdom, alluring them of his intention to Parol, and was indeed innocent : That he was
continue loyal; and to John Norris the Gene- intolerably oppreifive to his poor neighbours in
ral, deliring that he would not proceed rough- Fermanaugh; and,That himfelf had no better way
ly againft him, and pufh him into rebellion a- to lay a foundation for his own Safety, but the
gainft his will This letter to Norris was in- afllfting his neighbours in their nccelfity. 'He
tercepted by Bagnall the Marfhal, and (as the HfccW'ife requir'd, what the Earl did and de-
;

Earl afterwards complain'd) fuppreifed, to his ''

manded certain Caftles and Pofleffions in the

great damage. For he was, prcfently after,
publickly declar'd an enemy and traitor to his
June 12. Country. By this time, the Rebels in Wjler a-
mounted to loco horfe or thereabouts, and
6280 foot; and in Conaught, to 2300; all at the
entire difpofal of the Earl, and many of them
tolerably difciplin'd, ever fince
Lord Deputy, had commanded every Lord ofL//-
fler to raife and exercife a certain number of
men, withitand the inroads of the Ifiand
to
Scots ; elfe being fuch as had ferv'd in the
or
wars of the Low-Countries, and were unadvi-
fedly tranfported hither, by his means. The
number of the Englilh army, tinder the com-
mand of y. Norris (fo eminent in the wars of
Flanders) was not inferior. Yet nothing me-
morable was done by him ; by reafon of a mif-
underilanding between the General and the
Deputy; fo that the Campaign was
ravages, celfations, and parleys.
Without doubt,
both (being nitn of arms) were for prolong-
ing the war; and as for the Earl, he daily ex-
pected a reinforcement out of Spain,
Treaties itli Of thefe parleys, the mod
the Earl, that between Henry Wallop, Vice-Treafurer of
the Kingdom, and Robert Gardner, Chief Ju-
ftice, perfons cf great gravity and approv'd
wifdom (who were appointed Commiflioners,)
and the Earl cf 'Tir-Oen, and O-DoneU where-
in thefe, and others of the Rebels, fumm'd up
The Earl's their grievances and demands.
Grievances, plain'd that Bagnall, the Marfhal, had reap'd
the fruits of his labours ; thst by his falfc fug-
geftions and artifices he had wrought him out
of the Queen's favour, and almoffc out cf his
honour ; that, to his great prejudice, he had
intercepted the letters he writ to the Lord-De-
puty, Norris, and fome others, and detain his
wiie's portion from him : Protecting, that he
had never enter'd into any Treaty with foreign
Princes, till he was proclaim'd aRe-bel; and
humbly entreating, that his
thofe cf his adherents might be pardon'd ; that
they might be reftored to their eflates, and en-
joy the tree exercife of their Religion (which,
by the bye, was ever allow'd them ;) that the
Marfhal might pay him 1000/. fterling, in con-
County of Slego, as of right belonging to him.
Shan Mac-Brian Mac-Pbelim Q-Neal complain'd, Other Grie-
that the Earl of Effex hid taken the Ifle of?anc«.
MagiB from him, and that Henry Bagnall had de-
priv'd him of the Barony of Maughery- Mourn,
ooth which had been enjoyed by his Anceftors
J. Pcrrot, the that he was kept in chains till he furrender'd
his right to Bagnall; befides injuries without
number which he had from the Garri-
receiv'd
ion of Knoc-Fergw. Hugh Mae-Guir fliew'd
them likewife what he had fufter'd by the in-
folence .of the neighbouring Garrilon, who
made booty of his Cattb and that the
; Sheriff,
who was fent into his territories, had cut off
the head of his neareit Relation, and trod it
under-toot with fcorn. Brian Mac-Hugh Oge,
Mac-Mahon, and Ever Mac-Couley, exhibited,
That belides other wrongs, the Lord Deputy
fpent in FitTs-WHUams, whofe goodnefs and honefty al-
ways gave place to money, was indue'd by cor-
ruption and bribery to efhblifh Hugh Roe in
the dignity of Mac-Mahon, and after that,
hang'd him, for railing a fine by force of
memorable was arms, according to the cuftom of the country ;
and divided his Eilate among ftrangers, to ex-
tinguilh the very name of Mac-Mahon. In one
word, every man was a Petitioner for every
thing we have nam'd. On the other fide, the
; Commiflioners having allow'd fome of their de-
mands, and referr'd others to the Queen, pro-
The Earl corn- pos'd certain articles to the rebels. But they
were grown fo infolcnt by this time, that they
thought them unreafonable, and fo broke off
the Ihort fufpenfion of arms which they had a-
greed to. Whereas, the Queen, both then and
afterwards, would have condescended to any
terms conhftent with her honour; to prevent
M the eftufion of Ciiriftian blood, and the confum-
ption of her Trealures.
The time of the Truce being now cxpir'd,^"^ 3r '
f. n
Norris (who by the Queen's order had the foleJ
h ^£^i.
own Crimes and command of the Army confcrr'd upon him by
the Lord Deputy during his sbfence) advane'd
with his Army towards the Earl. However,
the Lord Deputy joyn'd him, and fo, they
marched as far as Armagh to the great terror of
the Enemy infomucfo that the Earl was oblig'd
;

iideration of his wife's portion now deceased; to quit the fort of Black-water, and burn ail
the
 The O-Neals and their Rebellions.

the villages round about, and the town of Dun-

gannon ; nay, to demoiifh a great part of his
own houfe there, and, in this defperate condi-
But
tion, to conlider where he might abfeond.
our Army could proceed no farther for want of
and fo return'd, after they had pro-
Provifion ;
Upon this, he began immediately to wafte
the adjacent country, burning the villages, and
driving away the cattle ; but being confeious
oi what he had done, and hearing that a peace
was concluding between England and Spain,
he lent again to defire a parley, and that rea-

claimed the Earl a Traitor, in his own territo- fonable terms might be allow'd him. It would

and put a Garrifon into the Church of be tedious to unfold all the Arts and Intri-
ries,
Armagh. The Earl took care to watch them cacies of this man; but in fhort, when ever he
diligently in their return ; notwithftanding found himfelf in danger from the Englilh, hi;
a£ted SubmijEon and Repentance fo well, in
which, they reinfore'd the Garrifon at Monag-
When they had march'd almod as tar as carriage, countenance, and addrefs, that he
han.
ftill deluded them, till they loft their opportu-
Dundalk, the Lord Deputy, according to the
nity ot purfuing the war, and were oblig'd to
Queen's orders, left the war to the conduct of
Norris; and after leave taken, with many kind withdraw their forces. Again, fuch was the
exprcflions on both fides, return'd to Dublin, fupinenefs of the Commanders in Ireland, and
where he had a drift eye upon the Affairs of the frugality of" the Council in England, and
the innate clemency of the Queen, who was
Leinfter, Conaght, and Munfter.
Norris remain'd in Ulfier ; but whether out willing to hope that thefe Robberies inlreland(for
of envy to the Lord Deputy, or that fortune it could not be call'd a War) might be fup-
had now left him, as fhe often does great Ge- prefs'dwithout blood ; that he was always be-
nerals, or whether cut of fivour to the Earl, liev'd,and hopes ot pardon were given, to
to whom he was certainly as kind as the Lord keep him from being defperate.
Deputy was averfe; he atchie.v'd nothing an- In the year 1597 (by which time all Ulfier Baron B»-
fwerable to his great Character. For Norm beyond Dundalk-, except the ftven Garrifon- rough Lord
had under-hand accufed the Lord Deputy, that Towns, 'viz.. Nezvry, Knoc-Fergzii, Carlwgjord,?^''
out of ill will to the Earl he had refolv'd
to Green-caftle, Armagh, Dondrom, and O/derfeet, as

make no peace with him. The Deputy would alio the greateft part of Conaght, had revolted

not be perfwaded but that the Earl's defign
was to gain time, till his recruits from Spain
might arrive ; whereas Norris was more eafy
and credulous, and did not doubt but the Earl
would be brought to reafonable terms : which
opinion the Earl chcrifli'd fo artificially, that
he oHer'd him a fubmiflion under his hand
and and fell upon his knees before him
leal,
for mercy and pardon. Yet, at the fame time,
was he plying the King of Spain, by letters
from the Queen;) 'Thomas Lord Burougb, a per-
fon of great courage and conduct, was fent
Lord Deputy into Ireland. The Earl, by let-
ter, defir'd a ceflation of arms and his Lord- ;
1^97.
fliip thought it his Intereft at that time to al-
low it for one month. The month being ex-
pir'd, Deputy drew his forces toge-
the Lord
ther (which he thought would be for his ad-
vantage and honour at his entrance upon the of-
fice,) and engag'd the Earl with fome disad-

and agents, for affiftance ; fo that one or two vantage in a narrow paflage but he made his ;

way through by his valour, and took the Fort

meflengers were fent from Spain to the Rebels,_
who agreed and concluded with them, that it
the of Spain their mailer fhould fend
King
fuch an Army by a fet day, as could face the
Englifh, they would join it ; and in cafe he
fuppiy'd them with ammunition in the mean
time, they Would not treat with the Englifh
upon any terms whatfoever.
A Treaty of This treaty was fubferib'd by O-Rorck, Mac-
too
the Rebels William, and others; but the Earl was
with spam.
cautious to flgn j t , though it is not doubted
at Black-water ,which had been repair'd by the Jiiack- water
Rebels, and which open'd a paltage into the retaken.
County of Tir-Oen, and was the only fence the
Rebels had (befides their woods and marines)
to fecure them. This one action fufficiently
fhew'd, that if the war was well follow'd, it
cotild not continue long. The very day that
the Fort was taken, as the Lord Deputy and
Army weregiving God thanks for their
his
an allarm was given on the fudden,
fuccefs,

but he gave his content. And, to difguife his that enemy appear'd upon the hills hard
the

defigns,he fent to the Lord Deputy the King ot by ; Henry Earl ct Kildare, with a troop ot
fo,

Spain's anfwer to the Rebels (which was full horfe, and fome volunteers of the Nobility,

of promifes and affurances,) as if he detefted it;
yet, relying upon the hopes of thofe Spanifh
recruits, he recanted the fubmifuon and pro-
mife he had made to Norris but a little before.
Norris finding himfelf thus deluded by his own
credulity, attack'd him with angry and fharp
expofiulations for impofing upon him in this
was detachM againft them, who fell upon the
Enemy, and put them to flight. Yet we loft
of the Englifh, Francis Vaughan-, brother to
the Lord Deputy's Lady, R. Turner f Serjeant Trihuttus
+
Major, an experiene'd Soldier, and two fofter- Major.
brothers of the Earl of Kildare ; which fo ex-
ceedingly troubled him, that he dy'd oi; grief

bafe manner. But the Earl, knowing well fome few days after : for there is no love fo
ftrong in any degree of relation, as between
how to temporize for his advantage, enter 'd ,

into another Parley with Norris, and Fenton his fofter- brothers in Ireland. Many more of the
and having given Hoftages, con- Englifh were wounded ; and among the reft,
Secretary ;

cluded another Peace, or rather a bargain, Thomas Waller, who was particularly eminent
which he foon after broke with the fame levi- for his great valour. As foon as the Lord De-
think puty had'ftrengthen'd the Fort with new works,
ty ; pretending, That he could not but
he was deceitfully dealt with, while the Lord and drawn oft his Army the Rebels, between ;

Deputy and General vary'd with one another hope, fear, and fhame, thought it mod advife-

in their proceedings ; That the Lord Deputy

able to lay fiege to it. The Earl was fenfible
had treated thofe he had fent to him about how conveniently was plac'd to annoy them,
it

Peace, very unworthily ; That it appear'd he and that his fame and fortune would dwindle
for the War, and had reinfore'd into nothing, unlefs he rccover'd it. Accord-
was wholly
his horfe from England, and detain'd the King ingly, he invefted the Fort with a drong army.

of Spain's letter; and, That the Marfhal, his The Lord Deputy, upon the news hereof,
march'd againft him with all fpeed but in his
bitter Enemy, was now return'd with a new
:

from England. full career towards viftory, ficknefs and death

Commiffion
i arretted
 The O-Neals and their Rebellions.
arretted him, to the griet of all good men, and and fent* Ouny M:;c-Rory-Og-0-More, and
the joy or' the Rebels. For it was the opinion one Tirel (of Engliih Extraction, but now an r

of very wife men, that if he had liy'd, he would implacable enemy) with four thoufand Rappa-
certainly have redue'd the enemy, and the ries into Munfter. Thomss Norris, Prefident
State had not been plung'd into fo great dan- of the Province, march'd againft them with a
ger. good body, as far as Kilmalock ; but feparated
As foon us the Lord Deputy's death was his forces without facing the enemy, and re-
Black-water known to the enemy, they attack'd the Fort tir'd to Cork. The Rebels, joyn'd by great
atudi'd.upon
wt
g L eat clamour and violence, but were e- numbers of the profligate fort, as foon as they
j jj
-

p^ty's death.
ver ^ with greater lofs: thofe who ical'd underftood this, began to wafte the Country,
rf-'P t-'h' e

the were pufh'd back headlong by the and drive away the Cattle, and plunder and
walls
garrifon, and many of them trod to pieces ; fo burn all cnftles, houfes, and whatever elfe was
that, defpairing of fuccjfs by force, they refolv'd in the polfeifion of the Englifh ; putting the
to ltarve them believing that their provisions
; men themfelves to the moll: cruel deaths. They
could not laft many days, and that hunger made James Fitz-Thomas, one of the family of
would quickly fhake their Loyalty and Courage. the Earls of Defmond, Earl of Defmond ; yetfb,
But the Fort was gallantly defended by the va- that he fhould hold it of O-Neal, that is to
lour of Thomas Williams the Governor and fay, of the Earl and, having thus embroifd ;

his garrifon, who liv'd on herbs growing on Munfter for a month, they march'd home with
the rocks, alter they had eat their horfes, and large booty. The Earl forthwith fent a letter
held it in fpight of famine, and the Enemy, into Spain, with a long account of thefe victo-
and extremities of all kinds. ries ; deliring no credit might be given to the
By this time, the Government was commit- Engliih, in cafe they pretended he was deft-
Earl of Or- ted by the Queen to the Earl of Ormond, un- ring a Peace with them that he had firmly ;

triMd, Licute- der the title of Lieutenant General of the ar- refolv'd againft accepting any terms, though
nanr.
m
y^ together with the Chancellor, and Robert never fo advantagious and that he would re- ;

Gardiner. The Earl prefently gave the Lieu- ligioufly obferve his Engagements to the King
tenant General a long account by Letter of the of Spain, And yet at the fame time he pre-
grievances before-mention'd ; not omitting the tended to intercede, both by letters and mef-
leaft mifca triage of any foldier, or Sheriff; and fages, with the Earl of Ormond, for leave to
coldly exculing his breach of covenant with fubmit, upon fuch and fuch unreafonablc terms.
Norris, but more efpecially urging that Fcogh- This was the deplorable flate of Ireland, Robert Earl
Mac-Hugh, one of his relations, had been ta- when Queen Elizabeth made Robert Earl of of E fcx,Lord f

Deput> '*
ken and executed and laftiy, that his letters
; Eflex (eminent for his taking of Cadis from the
'
to the Queen had been intercepted and conceal- Spaniards, and tor his great prudence, as well
ed, and that the imports and taxes were grown as valor and loyalty) Lord Deputy there; to
intolerable both to the Gentry and common repair _the loffes which we had fultain'd, and
people ; adding, That he few very well, that with full commiffion to put an end to the war,
all the poffeflions of the nobility and gentry or and (which he gain'd with great importunity)
Ireland, would be fhortly parcell'd among Coun- a power to pardon even high treafon for this ;

fellors, Lawyers, Soldiers, and Secretaries. At us'd to be excepted in all the Patents of former
the fame time he fent fupplies to the fons of Lords Deputies in exprefs words (All treafons
Feogh Mac-Hugh, that they might embroil the touching our own perfon, or the perfons of our heirs
Pro\ ince of Leinfler. So that now every bo- and juccejfors, excepted.) And without doubt, it
dy faw plainly, that the Earl's defign from was great wifdom in him to obtain authority
the very beginning was to extirpate the Eng- for that, confidering that the Lawyers hold,
lifh in Ireland ; notwithstanding all his pre- that all do touch the per/on of the Prime.
rebellions
tences in order to difguife it. He was allow 'd as great an army as he
alfo
1598. The Earl in the mean time carry 'd on the pleas'd, fuch a one as had never been ft-en be-
liege at Black-water. The Lieutenant General fore in Ireland; namely fixteen thoufand foot,
The Earl's therefore (tor a Lord Deputy was not yet ap- and thirteen hundred horfe, which was aug-
viflory over pointed)
had det.ach'd tnurteen choice * Troops, mented afterwards to twenty thoufand corn-
'Vexitiathms
untier thc condua of Henr y ^agnail the Mar- pleat. He had particular inffructions to turn
'
fhal, a bitter enemy or the Earl's, to relieve it. his chief fircngrh againft the Earl of Tir-Oen
The Earl, fpurr'd on with an inveterate hatred (as the heart and foul of this rebellion) without
of the man, upon him with great fury near
tell much regard to any other; and to flraiten
Armach Marfhal himfelf, at whom he
: the him with garrifons at Lough-Foil and Eala-
principally aim'd, was foon cut oft" in the midit Shannon : a tiling, that he ;ilways rcckon'd of
of the Battle whereby the Earl had the dou-
; great confequence, and charg'd as an overfight
ble fatisfaction, to triumph over an enemy, and in the former Deputies.
to gain a conftderable victory over the Eng- Thus the Earl, accompany'd with the flower
lifh. For this was the greatefl: defeat they had of the Nobility, and the acclamations of the
ever had in Ireland ; no lefs than thirteen brave common people, and with a clap of thunder in
Captains, and fifteen hundred common foldiers a clear fun-ihine day; fet out from London to-
cut off, either in the engagement, or after they wards the end of March, and after a dangerous
were broken and difpers'd. Thofe whoefcap'd, voyage, arriv'd
in Ireland. Having received
imputed theIofs,not to cowardife in the foldiers, the fword according to cultom, he march'd (up-
but to the ill conduct of the General ; as is on the perfwafion of fome of the Council, who
common in all fuch cafes. The Fort of Black- had too much regard to their own private in-
vater prefently lurrender'd they had held out,
: againft fome petty Rebels in Munfter, He marches
terests)
with great loyalty and valour, againft all the without regarding the Earl which was direct- not againft
;

Extremities of famine, and faw there was now ly contrary toJus inftructions and having ta- the
:
Eiir ''

no relief to be expected. This was indeed a ken Cahir (a Cattle of Edward Butler, Baron
famous victory, and of great importance to the of Cahir, which was encompafs'd by the River
Rebels, who got both arms and provifions by Swire, and poflefs'd by the Rebels) and driven
it. The Earl being applauded throughout off vait. numbers of Cattle, he made himfelt
the Country, as the glorious reltorer of their terrible to the whole Country ; fo that the Re-
iiberty, grew intolerably cruel and infolent, bels difpers'd into the woods and forefts. In
[k] the
 ;

ZTwO-NeaI-s and their Rebellions.

the mean time, he received no fmall lofs by the
cowardife of Tome foldiers under H. Harring-
ton ; for which he punifh'd them with great
feverity. He return'd towards the end of July,
with an army moil fadly harrafs'd, and lick ;
and alfo incredibly diminifh'd.
the river was fwell'd, a man might be very
eafily heard from one fide of the ford to the
other. Whereupon, his Lordfhip having poll- Lord Depu-
ed a troop of horfe upon the next hill, went ty's Conie-
down to him alone. The Earl riding his horfe r = n « sw ^
to the belly in the ford, fainted him with great '

The Queen Finding the Queen much difpleas'd at this refpect, and, after about an hour's difcourfe be-
difpleas'd at expensive and unfortunate expedition, and that tween themfelves, they withdrew to their re-
" file was above all things for their marching di- fpeftive armies. Con, a baflard fon of the
Ulfler againft the Earl ; he writ an
rectly into Earl's, was fent to the Lord Deputy, to de-
excufe to her Majefty, laying the blame upon fire another conference before a felect number
her Council in Ireland, who had advis'd him, on both fides. The Lord Deputy granted this
and with whom he could not but comply, in likewife, provided the number did not exceed
refpect of their experience in the affairs ot that fix. The Earl, taking with him his brother
Kingdom ; promiiing that he would now forth- Coymac, Mac Gennys, Mac Guir, Ever Mac
with march into Ulfler. He had fcarce deli- Cowfey, Henry Ovington, and O-Quin, re-
vered thefe letters out of his hands, when he turn'd to the Ford,- and the Lord Deputy
was fore'd to fend another difpatcb, that now came down to him, accompany'd with the
he was diverted, and oblig'd to march into O- Earl of Southampton, and Sir George Bourg-
phaly near Dublin againft the O-Conors and chier, Sir Warham S. Leger, Sir Henry Dan-
the O-Moils, who had broken out into rebel- vers, Sir Edward Wingfeld, and Sir William
lion but he foon fupprefs'd them by fome few
; Conftabie, Knights. The Earl faluted them
skirmifhes. Upon a review of his army after iingly with great refpefi ; and, after fome few
this found himfelf fo much
expedition, he words, it was concluded that Commifuoners
we ken o, that he wrote to the Queen, and got fhould be appointed the day following to treat
the hands of the Privy-Council to his letter, of a Peace, who agreed upon a epilation from
that it was neceffiry to reinforce his army that day, for fix weeks to fix weeks, till the 8 Sept. 1599.
With a thoufand men bctore he went into firfl of May ; yet fo that it fhould be lawful
Ulfler. for both fides to renew the war after fourteen

Clifford, and Being now refolv'd to employ his whole days warning ; and that if any Confederate of
the Deputy, power againft: that Province, he order'd Coig- the Earl's did not agree to it, the Earl fhould
marchsgainftjjjgrs Clifford, Governor ofConaught, to march leave him to be treated as an Enemy, at the di-
Uifi,
towards Belik with a body of light horfe, that fcretiou of the Lord Deputy.
the Earl's forces might be divided, while he Ll the mean while, the foremention'd letter The Queen
fhould attack him on the other fide. Clifford of the Lord Deputy was deliver'd to the Queen Imich d[,rat s- i'

the
and not- by Henry Cuff, an excellent Scholar, but an
let out accordingly with 1500 men,
withstanding the toil of a long march, and unfortunate man. As foon as fhe found that
^J^
fcarcity of powder, would not halt till he had the Deputy had done nothing in fo long a time,
afs'd the Curlew -mountains.
r
When molt of with fo great an army, and fo much expencc,
his men had pafs'd, the Rebels fell upon them nor was like to do any thing that year file ;

by furprife, under the conduct of O-Rork. was extremely offended, and wrote back to him
Being ealily repell'd, ours {lill continu'd their and the Council, That fhe could not but won-
march but the enemy perceiving the want of der what the Lord Deputy meant, by prolong-
;

powder among them, renew'd the charge, and ing the war, and letting flip thofe excellent
put them quickly to flight (being extremely opportunities he had, of marching againft' the
tatigu'd with their journey ;) killing Clifford Earl himfelf; coufideriug, that this was his
himfelf, and Sir Henry Radcliff of Ordfall, conftant advice in England and he had often ;

Knight. In the mean while, the fupply which promifed by his Letters, that he would take
the Lord Deputy had defir'd, was rais'd in that courfe. She ask'd him, why he had made
England, and tranfported. But in a few days thofe chargeable expeditions into Munfter and
after, he acquainted the Queen by Letter, that Ophaly, againft his own judgment, and with-
he could do no more this year, than march to out giving her the leaft notice before-hand ;

the frontiers ot Ulfler with 1300 toot and 300 that fb fhe might (as fhe certainly would) have
horfe, where he arriv'd the thirteenth of Sep- countermanded them. And if his army was
tember. The Earl ih.'w'd himfelf from the now broken and weak, how it came to pafs
hills at a great diflance tor two days together that he did not purfue the enemy, while it was
and at length fent Hagan to the Lord Deputy entire, ftrong, and compleat ? If the fpiing
for a parley. His Lordfhip refus'd it, anfwer- was not a fit feafbn for the war in Ulfter, why
ing, That if the Earl had any thing to fay to was the fummer, why autumn, thus neglected?
him, he might find him next morning at the was there no part of the year fit for it ? She
head of his army. The next morning, after told him, fhe Jaw that her Kingdom would be
* EqUfS. fome light skirmifhes, a * trooper of the Earl's impoverifhed to a great degree by the charge
army told them with a loud voice, that the of the war, and her honour blemifh'd among
Earl did not intend to engage, but to parley foreign Princes by this ill fuccefs and that ;

with the Lord Lieutenant but by no means whoever fhould give pofterity an account of
;

now, between the armies in battalia. As the thefe times, would teftify, that fhe had omitted
Lord Deputy was advancing the next day, nothing that could conduce to the prefervation
Hagan came up to him, declaring that the Earl of Ireland, and that he had done every thing
delir'd the Queen's pardon and peace, and that was like to lofe it; unlefs he refolv'd at
withal, that he might have audience of his laft to take another courfe. In conclufion, fhe
Lordfhip ; and if this favour was granted him, admonihYd him and the Council, with fome
he would attend him at the ford ot a river hard iharpnefs, to be more cautious in their refolu-
by, called Balla Clinch. This ford is not far tions, and from thence forward not to fuffer
from Louth, the head town of the County, themfelves to be milled by ill advice com- ;

and near the Caftle ot Gerard Fleming. The manding them withal, to give her a true ac-
Lord Deputy fent Spies before-hand to obferve count ot the condition into which they had
the place, who found the Earl there according brought the Kingdom, and to be very careful
to appointment ; and he told them, that the' to prevent anv future mifchkf.
This
 ; P

The O-Neals and their Rebellions.

The LordDe- This letter fkrtl'd, or rather eall'd, the Lord
.., by his own rrcfence whi*u u
had1 u c. A
H
I
i . 1

£Sff
England.
* VffVj TVr 1Ch he '
t0 °k p ° ft and
'
dledi » MuSe,
And h f';;; "
... out fome of his
28 Sept,
nv d m England iooner than could poffibly be *"
Kappanes, to ravage the Country
expefted, and early in the morning prefented belonging to
1599.
'
the Qacens fubjefts; under the conduct of
himfelf to the Queen upon his knees, as fhe '

Mac-Gmr, who happen'd to fall upon Sir *

was in her Bedchamber and did not War-* S. LcoJega.
in the leaft ham Sentleger, who run him through
expect him. After fhe had talk'd a while to with his ""•
fpear, and was run through
by Mac-Guir, at
him (but not with the good countenance (he the fame time. As foon as the Earl had bury'd
us'd to do) fhe ordcr'd him to withdraw to his him, he march'd homewards, and return'd
own Lodgings, and not to ftir thence. For the fooner than could be expected.
Queen was angry, that he had left Ireland fo For he had
heard, that the Earl of Ormond
fuddenly, againft her orders, and without leave;
was appoint-
ed General of the Army, and was drawing
his
and alfo that he had 'agreed to a ceflation which forces together from all parts;
might end every fourteen days ; when he had and that Charles
Blunt, Baron Moutjoy, the new Lord
authority to make an end of the war, and par- Deputy,
was coming. TheQueen, indeed, haddefign'd
don the Rebels. What became of him after- him this office before; but Robert Earl of
wards, and how it appear'd by very good tefti- Eflex aiming at it himfelf (to the end
l6ao
he might
monies that he had higher matters in his mind be capable ot eftablifhing an intcreft in
than the mili-
the war againft the Rebels (while he tary men, whom he always ftudy'd
to oblige.)
could not facrifice his own private refentments had oppos'd him ; alledging, that the Lord
to the publick good, but rely'd too much upon
Montjoy had no more experience in war than
popular Applaufe, which is ever a fickle and a what he had pick'd up in the Low-Countrys
very fhort fupport ;) all this is foreign to my
that he had no dependants, nor eftate
deiign and as 1 have no pleafure in the anfwer-
:
able ; and that he was too bookifh.
thoughts of it, fo I leave it to thofe who are
In
February, the Lord Montjoy arriv'd in
compofnig the Hiftory of that age. Lord Mount.
Ireland,without much noife or retinue; andjov, LordDe
the Earl The had hardly expir'd above once
Ceflation
enter'dupon the Government. He found the ut >"'
£

break; the or twice, when the Earl of Tir-Oen drew his

ftate of affairs very ill, or rather
Ceflaiion of fire s together, in order to renew the war. defperatc and
Anns, Sir beyond recovery All honeft men dejefted
William Warren was fent by the Council, to
:
and
in defpair; the enemy flufh'd with
know why continual
he broke the Ceflation. He an- fuccefs; and the Earl himfelf marching
fwer'd with an air of Iufolence, that he did not, from
the furthefl: part of Ulfter into the
for he had given fourteen days warning of his Province of
Munfter, Avhich was the whole length of the
defign and that he had good reafbn to break
;
Ifland, in a kind of triumph.
fince he understood the
Nay, to daunt
it, Lord Deputy, upon his Lordfhip, the rebels welcom'd him with an
whom alone he could rely for life and fafety, alarm, in the very Suburbs of Dublin.
was taken into cuftody in England ; and faid, This
gall'd him ; yet he refolv'd to march direftly a-
he would have no more to do with any of the
gaiuft the Earl himfelf, who, he heard,
Council, who had already dealt perfidioufly with was
about to return from Munfter; and fo,
him ; and, as for the ceflation, he could not with
fuch forces as he could readily get
continue it now, if he would, becaufe he had together (ror
the beft troops were in Munfter already,
fent O-Donell into Conaught, and others, under
his the command of the Earl of Ormond) he
Confederates, into other parts, upon aftion. fet
forward, toftop'the Earl in Fereal, and
New Tr.fur- In the mean time, a rumor was fpread among to give
reftions in
him battle. But the Earl prevented him by
the rebels by the Earl of Tir-Oen, not with- his
Ireland, fpcedy march, having information of
out fomc grounds, that the Kingdom of Eng- the de-
fign; for it is certain, that fome of the
land would fuddenly be imbroil'd ; and fo the Queen's
Council were well-wflhers to the Earl and
Rebels increas'd daily, both in numbers and his
proceedings. As foon as the Lord Deputy re-
refolution. They who were originally Irifh, turn'd to Dublin, he emplov'd himfelf
began to flatter themfelves with the hopes of wholly
in reviewing his troops, and drawing
their ancient freedom and nobility; and
cut a de-
the tachment of Veterans to be tranfportcd
Englifh who flood true in their inclinations, by tea
to Logh-Foil and Bala-Shannon, near the
grew mouth"
dejected, when they faw all thefe prepara- of Lough Erne, that a garrifo.l
tions and cxpencesvanifh,
being plac'd
without effect; com- there, he might annoy the enemy
plaining both in the
withal of their ill ufage of late, in flank and the rear, and alfo to
reinforce his
being excluded, as meerftrangers, from all pub- garrilons in Leafe and Ophaly ; a
matter of no
lick offices. On the other fide, the Earl was fmall danger and difficulty, when the
fanguine boafted every where that he would enemy
;
was on all [id.-s. In the beginning of May, the
reftore religion and liberty to his Country, re- Lord Deputy took his march towards Ulfter, to
ceiv'd all feditious perfons into protection, fent
divert the enemy on that fide, while
recruits where they were needful, confirm'd Henry
the Docwra planted a garri'fon at Logh-Foil, and
wavering.and took all imaginablecare to fubvert
Morgan another at Bala-Shannon. The Earl
the Englifh Government in Ireland. To this he was fo well diverted by the Lord Deputy with
was encourag'd, by the fupplies of ftores and fuccefsful skirmifhes, thatDocwra and
the other
money which the King of Spain fent him from eafily compafs'd their defign, and the
time to time ; and by the promifes and indul- Earl him-
felf grew fentible of a change of
fortune, and
gences of the Pope, who had alfo fent him the
that he was now beaten back to his old
plume of a Phcenix in imitation perhaps of ners. The Cor-
;
Lord Deputy having planted thefe
Pope Urban the third, who fent a little Coronet
garrilons, return'd about the middle of
platted with Peacocks feathers, to John, Son of June,
and fent into England for a fupply of men and'
King Henry the fecond, when he was created tprovifions, that
he might plant another gar-4.
Lord of Ireland. ammtam
nfon at Armach, on this fide, to flraiten the
Thus flufh'd with victory, the Earl went in Rebels yet more. In
_
the mean time, he march 'd
pilgrimage, in the depth of winter, to a piece
into Leafe, which was the refuge of all
of drift's Crofs which was thought to be pre- the re-
bels in Leinfter and there cut off Ony-Mac- ;
ferv'd in the Abbey of Holy Crofs in
Tipperary; Rory-Og, chief of the
for Religion, as he pretended; but really to
family of O-More (a
bloody and defperate young fellow, who had
Ihowhisgreatnefs, and to blowup thofe names
U^r^t^commodonf inZnSth
many M

The O-Neals and
many others of the lame profligate fpirit i and,
having wafted the Country, drove them into
thewoods and buggs in fuch confternation, that
they never made head again in thofe parts.
The Deputy The fupplies from England being now ar-
marches a-
rived, though his Lordfhip wanted both money
gainft the Re
and provifion, and though the Equinox was now
bels.
pall, and winter already begun in this climate,
yet he march'd to the Pafs of Moyery, three
miles beyond Dundalk. This Pafs is, by na-
ture, the moll difficult in Ireland and befides,
; fter,had, by their agents, (viz.. a certain Spa-
the Rebels had with great art and induftry ob-
ftructed it by fences, Itakes, hurdles, ftones, and
clods of earth, as it lies between the hills, woods,
and boggs on both fides ; and had alfo lin'd it
with foldiers. Moreover, the weather was very
bad, and the great rains which had fallen tor
fome days together, had made the rivers over-
flow, and to be impafiable. As foonas the wa-
ters fell, the Englifli open'd their way through
this pallsge and the fences, with great courage;
and, notwithstanding :ill the difficulties they had
to encounter, they beat back the enemy, and.
marched towards Armach: but Armagh it felf
was eaten up by the- Rebels ; fo that the Lord
Deputy planted his Garrifon eight miles from
the town, and in memory of John Norris (un-
der w'hom his Lordfhip had learn'd the rudi-
ments of war) call'd the place Mount Norris
committing it to the charge of.E. Blany, a perfon
of great diligence and valour, who mfficiently
gall'd the enemy on this fide, as Henry Docwra
did on the other; and kept them in great awe.
Not to mention the skirmifhes in his return
in the Pais near Carlingford, which the Rebels
had block'd up, he gave them a memorable
defeat.
Lord Deputy Some few days after (though it was now the
marches into
m {^ e of winter) the Lord Deputy, to make
Zttnfter.
^ mQ £
or the
o f his rimCj marc h»(i ; nt0 r h c Glynnes,
valiies of Leinfter, which continu'd hi-
therto undifturb'd and having wafted the
;
Country, he fore'd Donel Spaniab, Phelim Mae
Feogh, and the feditious race of the O-Tools,
to give hoftages, and fubmit. After this, he
enter'd Fereal, and drove Tirell, the belt com-
mander among the Rebels, out of his ftrong
hold, fuch as they call a Fafinefs (being a boggy
place, befet with thick bullies) into Uifter,
whither he purfu'd the Enemy with a victorious
army, by a winding-march. In the firft place,
he laid wafte the Country of Ferney (having
llain the two fons of Evar Mac Cowly;) and
did the like to Fices, by a detachment under the
command of Richard Morifon, At the fame
time, he fent Oliver Lambard to plant a gar-
rifon in Breany, and then turned towards
Drogheda, where he received fuch of the prin-
cipal Rebels into his protection, as fubmitted
themfelves, namely, Turlogh Mac Henry, Gover-
nour in Fucs, Ever Mac Cowly Q-Hankn, who
of hereditary Standard-
[1 Claims C.ll claim'd the honour
bearer to the Kings of Uifler, and many of the
Mac Malms and 0~Realies; who gave up their
neareft friends and relations as hoftages. As
foou as the fpring came on, the Lord Deputy,
before all the forces were got together, march'd
again to Moyery, and cut down the woods to
make the way pailable, and there erefted a Fort.
In this expedition, he drove the Mac Geniffes
out of Lecal, which they had feiz'd ; and re-
tiue'd all the caflles of the enemy as far as
Armagh, in which he alfo planted a garrifon.
"Nay, he advanced fo far, that he Earl, who
was ftrongly encamp'd at Blackwater, was o-
blig'd to retire ; and the Deputy defign'd to
erect a fort fomewhat lower, but receiv'd cer-
tain advice that the Spaniards were landed in
;
their Rebellions.
Munfter as he had heard by Hying reports
;
before. Upon this, he was iore'd to Itop for ;
he was not now to deliver Ireland from a civil
war, but from a foreign invafion. However,
to fecurewhat he had gain'd, he reinfore'd his
garrifons, and march'd with great- fpeed at the
head of two * troops of horfe for Munfter ; * Ala.
commanding the toot to follow.
For while the Lord Deputy was imploy'd in Spaniard in-
Uifter, the Earland thofe of his party in Muti-£«a b/ tbe
niard who was made Archbifhop of Dublin by
the Pope, the Bifliop of Clonfort, the Bilhop of
Killalo, and one Archer a Jefuit,) prevail'd with
the King of Spain, after great Solicitation, to
fend a reinforcement to the Rebels in Munfter,
under the conduct of John de D'Aquila, in
hopes that the whole Province would prefently
revolt, and that the titular Earl of Defmond,
as alfo Florens Mac-Carty, would joyn them
with a ftrong Body. But the Prelident George
Carew, had taken care to feife thefe two, and
tran fport them into England. D'Aquila landed
at Kinglale in Munfter, with two thoufand ve-
teran Spaniards and fome Irifh Deferters, on
the laft of October; and forthwith publifliM a
Manifefto, wherein, he ftil'd himfelf Mafier-
General, and Captain, of His CatholickMajcfly, in tbe
war of God, for preferving the Faith in Ire/and ; and
endeavour'dtoperfwadethem, that Q^ Elizabeth
was deprived or her Kingdom by the ientencesof
feveral Popes, and her fubjects abfolv'd horn
their allegiance, and that he and his army had
; undertaken this expedition to deliver them from
tbe jaws of tbe Devil, and the EngliJJj "Tyranny ;
and, by thefe pretences he drew great numbers
to him.
The Lord Deputy, with all the forces he Lord Deputy
could raifc, prepar'd to befiege the town ; and^ clie Ses K '"-
Richard Levifon, Vice-Admiral, was fent out-'
of England with two men of war to block up
11 e'
the harbour; which he did. The Englifli in-
verted the town, and began the fiege briskly,
battering it both by fea and land ; but after-
wards it was carry d on more flowly, becaufe
Levifon on the one iide, with his Seamen, was
fent againft two thoufand Spaniards, who had
landed at Bere-haven, Baltimore, and Caftle-
haven, and funk five of their fliips ; and, at
the fame time, the Prelident of Munfter was
fent with a detachment to intercept O-Donell,
who was upon his march to joyn the fupplies
from Spain. And the froft being very hard, he
got to the Spaniards fate and undii cover 'd, by
the fhorteft ways, in the night. Some few days
after, the Earl of Tir-Oen, together with O-
Rork, Reimund Burk, Mac-Mahon, Randall
Mac-Surley, Tirell, and the Baron of Lixnaw,
advane'd with the choiceft Troops of the Re-
bels, who, after Alphonfus O-Campo had joyn'd
them with the frefti fapply of Spaniards under
his command, amounted to 6000 foot and 600
horfe ; all big with hopes of victory, which they
thought was their own, as luperior in numbers,
and frefher and better provided in all kinds,
than the Englifli, who were harafs'd with the
fatigues of a winter-liege ; themfelves itraiten'd
in provifions, and their horfes worn out with
hard fervice and want of forage. The Lord
Deputy call'd a Council of war, for their advice
in thefe circumftances :Some thought it belt to
raife the fiege, and retire to Cork, and not to
venture the whole Kingdom upon a (ingle Bat-
tle. On the other fide, his Lordfhip advis'd
them to perfift in the defigiL, and not degenerate
from the known refolution and bravery of their
Anceftors ; faying, that a better opportunity
could not be had by men of valour, than was now-
put
 The O-Neals and
put into their hands, to dye with glory, or con-
quer with honour. So, he continu'd the fiege
with the utmoft vigor, playing perpetually up-
on the wall?, and fortifying his camp with new
w orks.
r
On the twenty-firft of December, the Earl of
Tir-Oen appear'd with his army, from a hill,
about a mile from our trenches, and there en-
camp'd the next day he appe.ir'd again in the
; left them to the mercy of the enemy, and fo
fame place, and the night following the Spaniards
made a fally, and the Irifh attempted to throw
themfelves into the town; but both were re-
pulfed. On
the twenty-third the Englifli be-
gan to play their heavy Cannon againft the
town, to fliow how little they regarded the
J
Earl, tho at their backs ; and the fame day in-
tercepted D'Acjuila's letters to the Earl, deliring
Him to throw the Spaniards, lately arriv'd, into
the town, and to attack the enemy's camp on
both fides. That night, as the moon was fet-
ting, the Lord Deputy commanded Henry Poer,
with eight companies of Veterans, to poft him-
felf on the weft fide of the Camp. Henry
Gream, who that night commanded the Horfe-
Guards, gave the Deputy notice betimes in the
morning, that he forefaw the Enemy would at-
tack them, from the great number of matches
which they had lighted. Whereupon, all were
order'd to their arms, and the pafies to the
town were well guarded.The Lord Deputy him-
attended by the President of Muniler, and
felf,
} Vtrfus pro- Richard Wingfield, Marfhall, f went out, and
* tow " * ffS
-\vith the advice of Oliver Lambard, pitch'd
upon a place to receive the Enemy ; command-
To; ;7/af /'chc j. ihg the * Regiments of Henry Folliot and Oli-
ver S. John, and fix hundred marines under the
command of Richard Levifon, to poft them-
felves there. But the Earl of Tir-Oen (who
had refolved, as it appear'd afterwards, to
throw the new recruits of Spaniards and 800
Irifh into the town, by the benefit of the night,)
as foon as day began to break, and he found
the Marfhal and Henry Danvers with the horfc,
and Poer w itb a body ot Veterans, drawn up
T
to receive him at the foot of the hill, defpair'd
of fuccefs, and founded a retreat by his bag-
pipers.
Tir-Ozn and As foon as the Deputy had intelligence of this
the Spaniards ^[{orderly retreat, he gave direction to purfue
defeated.
t ] ieni) and march'd in the van himfelf to obferve
their retreat, that he might take his meafures
accordingly; but the fogg was lo thick, and the
rains fo violent, that they could fcarce fee be-
fore them, for fome time. As foon as it cleared
up, and he found the enemy retir'd haftiiy in
three bodies with the horfe in the rear, he re-
folv'd to attack them ; but firft commanded the
Prefident ofcMunfter to return to the Camp with
three troops of horfe, to make that good
cafe the Spaniards fhould fally out of the
Town. The Lord Deputy himfelf purfu'd the
rebels; and with fuch fpeed, that they were
oblig'd to turn and face him on the brink of a
deep bog, which was unacceffibie, but by one
ford. As foon as the Marfhal and the Earl of
Clan-Ricard had routed the party of horfe that
defended this pafs, they fell upon the whole
body of the Enemy's cavalry ; and were fo well
feconded by Wtfliam Godolphin (who led up the
||
AUm. Deputy's H Horfe) and Henry Danvers, Minftaw,
* Camporum Tajf, and Fleming, and by J. Barkley * Serjeant-
Prtcfeitus. major, who join'd them that the rebels were
; fecond of January
put to flight. Yet it was not thought advife-
able to purfue them, but rather to unite again,
and charge the Body of the enemy, which was
in great conifer nation. The charge was ac-
cordingly given, and the enemy broken. Tirell
with his men, and the Spaniards, kept their
their Rebellions.
ground
; whereupon, the Lord Deputy com-
manded his rear to advance againft them; and,
to perform the duty of a ioldier as well as the
office of a General, he put himfelf at the head
of three* companies of Oliver S. Johns (which* Vexillatio-
were commanded by Roe,) and attack'd them B"w *
with fuch vigour, that they fled in diforder to
lhelter themfelves among the Irifh, who foon
they w ere defeated with great {laughter by the
r
Lord Deputy's troop of Guards under the con-
duel: of William Godolphin. Tir-Oen, O-Doncll,
and the reft, upon this flung away their wea-
pons, and betook themfelves to their heels. Al-
fhotijm O-Campo was taken Prifoner, with three
Spanifh Captains, and lixEnfigns 1200 otthe ;
enemy were {lain, and nine Colours taken,
whereof fix were Spanifh. The Englifli had
not above two or three kill'd, but many wound-
ed and among the reft Henry Danvers, William
:
Godolphin, and Croft fo little did this great
.-
victory coft us. As foon as the Lord Deputy
had founded a retreat, and given God thanks
for his victory among the heaps of dead bodies,
he Knighted the Earl of Clan-Ricard for his va-
lour and bravery in this battle ; and fo return'd
with acclamations into his camp, which he
found fafe as he had left it. For the Spaniards,
feeing all ftrongly guarded, and having found
by experience that Sallies were always to their
own lofs, kept clofe within the town, expecting
the ifl'ue of the battle.
This was a noble victory, and of mighty
confequence in many refpects : Ireland w avering
r
and ready to revolt, was hereby retained in O-
bedience, and the Spaniards ejected, and the
Ai'ch-RebelX/V-Oetf driven to his holes in Vlfler;
G-Donel frighted into Spain, the reft of the
rebels difperfed, the authority of the Queen
(then at a very low ebb) recover'd, the dejected
Loyalifts confinn'd, and foon after, a firm
and lafting peace eftablifhed throughout the
Ifland.
Next day, the Lord Deputy order'd BodIey1 K'"f*te far
thef Camp-Mailer General, who both in thejf^"^^
Siege and the Battle had behav'd himfelf va-TV;t re ^ Uit
liantly, to fmilh the mount, and carry the
banks and rampires nearer to the enemy. Al-
ter fix days fpent in that work, D'Aqnila fent a
Trumpeter wilh a Utter to the Lord Deputy,
that fome perfon of honour and credit might
be fent into the town to treat with him. Sir
William Godolphin was accordingly fent. D'A-
quila told him, that though the Lord Deputy
was a terrible Enemy, he muff own him to be
alfo an honourable one; That the Irifh were
cowardly, and undifciplin'd, and he fear'd trea-
cherous too That he was fent thither by the
:
in King of Spain his Mafier to the aiTiftance of
two Earls, but now he queftion'd whether there
j
was one fuch in being; this florm having blown
one of them into Spain, and the other into the
north, and both were vanifh'd That he w as :
r
willing, for this reafon, to conclude fuch a
peace, as might be for the intereft of England
on one fide, and no prejudice to Spain on the
other ; but yet that he wanted nothing for a
defence, and daily expected more fupplies from
Spain to give the Englifh further trouble. In
fhort, both fides being fatigued and weary of
the fiege, they came to this concluhon on the
That the Spaniards fhould
:
yield up Kingfile, and the forts and caftles of
Baltimore, Berehaven, and Caflle-Haven to the
Lord Deputy, and go out with baggage, and co-
lours flying ; That the Englifli fhould find
fhipping, but be paid for it, to tranfport them
at two voyages into Spain; and it they happen d
1"]
[
 The O-Neals and
to pur in at any port in England, they fliould
be kindly entertained; and, That during their
flay in Ireland for a fair wind, they fhould be
allow 'd ail neceflary accommodations ior their
their Rebellions.
own temper very merciful) file gave the Lord
Deputy Authority to pardon him, and receive
him into favour, in cafe he dehVd it at his
hands. As foon as lie had this news from fome
_

money. or Iiis friends, he fent a petition to that pur-

TheSpauiards Alter fome few days, the wind flood fair, pofe ; preffing the Lord Deputy continually by
return home, and the Spaniards embark'd, with great lofsand his brother Arth. Mac Baron, aiid others : and,
difliouour, for their Country. The Earl
own in February (after many refufals, and a promife
or T'iy-Oen in the mean while fled in great hade to furrender his life and fortune to the Queen's
andconlkrnation thro' by-ways, to recover his difcretion,) the Lord Deputy, upon advice from
holes in Ulfler i miffing abundance of his men, the Court of England, that the Queen who was
who were many of them drown'd in pairing the now of a great age, was dangcroufly ill, gave
rivers then fwelfd with the winter-floods. the Earl leave to repair to Mellifont, which he
From hence-torward the Earl was without immediately did, attended with one or two
refl and without hopes under continual ap- Followers. Being admitted into the prefence-
;

preheniions of punifhment for thofe crimes of chamber, where the Lord Deputy fat in a || || Solfa
which he was confeious, and fo fearful of every chair of irate, with many Officers about him ;
body, that he w-is daily fhifting from one hole he fell down upon his knees at the very entrance,
to another. The Lord Deputy plac'd his army with a dejected look, and a mean habit. And
in winter-quarters to refrefh them; and having after he had continued a while in this pofture,
fettled the afrairs of Munfier, return'd to the Lord Deputy fignify'd that he might ap-
Dublin. proach nearer ; fo he arofe, and after fome tew
Lord Deputy As foon as the rigour of the fcafon was a lit- iteps fell upon his knees again, Acknowledging Im
quite fubdues
;s
tie abated, he return'd at the head of his offences againfi God, and hit moH graciom Sove-
Uljier
victorious army into U/Jler (with fiiort marches, raign Queen Elizabeth upon whofe royal mercy and ;

to ftrike a tcrrour in the Country ;) intending goodnejs he now w/Jxfly relied, and to whofe difcretion
to perfect, his firit, defign of penning up the re- he fubmitted his life and fortune ; befeeching in the
bels with forts and garrifons on all fides. When mojl hw.ible fummer, that as he felt her mercy hereto-
he came to Blackwuter, he pafs'd over his army fore, and her power at this time, fo he might ones
:n floats, and having found a ford (till that more tafle her clemency, and be an example of it to
time unknown) below the old fort, he built a future ages : Adding, That neither his age was fo
new fort upon the bank, and call'd it from his great, nor his bodyfo weak,nor his mindfo much broken,
own Chriftian-name, Charlemont. The Earl of but he might expiate this rebellion by his future loyalty
ifir-Oen, out of fear, burnt his own houfe at audjervice. He was beginning to plead, in ex-
Dunganmn about this time. The Lord Deputy tenuation of his crime, that through the malice
mai'ch'dfrom hence beyond Dungaumn, and and envy of fome perfons, he had been hardly
eticamp'd, till Henry Docwra could come from dealt with but the Lord Deputy interrupted
,-

Lcgh-Foil to join him. After that, he made him, faying with an air of Authority (the molt,
incurfions on all fides, fpoilM the corn, burnt graceful eloquence in a foldier,) that he would
all the houfes and villages that could be found, iufferno excufe for a crime fo hainous and fo, ;

made booty of the cattle, and had the forts of in few words, order'd him to withdraw, and
Logh Crew, Logh Reogh, and Mogberlecow, fur- the :day following took him to Dublin, defign-
:

rer.der'd to him ; but at this Lift place, we loft ing to carry him trom thence into England,
Sir John BarkJey, a valiant man, wiio was fliot that the Queen might take what couril- with
through with a bullet. After this he planted a him file thought fit. But this excellentPrincefs,
garrilon at Logh Eaugh, or Logh Sidney, and a little after flie had rec.iv'd Advice that a re-
cali'd it Montjoy Irom his own title, committing bellion, which had fo long difturb'd her reign,
the charge ot it to Sir Arthur Chicefter, whole was now extinguiiVd (the only thing wanting
.great dtferts * raifed him afterwards to the tocompltat her glory) left her earthly kingdom,
r

hirnTt this* honour of Lord Depury of Ireland; and ano- with great calmnefs and piety, for a heavenly
c.,
ther at Monaghan, of which he made Chriflopher one.
S. Lawrence, Governour ; men ot great experi- Thus the Irifh war, or rather the Rebellion
ence and greater courage; whobytheir continual of the Earl of Tir-Oen (fprung from private
('allies and excurfions did fo gall the rebels, that refentment and ambition, fullered to grow
thefe, finding themfelves pent-in with garrifons, up by the difregard and frugality of the Eng-
and ftreighten'd more and more every day, and Ufh Court, diftufed over all Ireland under pre-
that they raufi live hereafter like wild beafts, tence ot reftoring religion and liberty, and
fculking up and down among woods and de- continu'd by a bafe emulation among the Eng-
farts, did, moft ot them, begin to make their Al- Hfh, the avarice of the veterans, the artifice
legiance bend to their fortune, and tender'd fub- and feign 'd fubmiffions of the Earl, the* diffi- * Impedhiffi-
miflions Lord Deputy; mur- cult fituation of the Country, and the nature tTJ cc TUm
privately to the
t lcu \ "'
muring, that the Earl had brought the whole ot the people, who depend more upon their ^
Kingdom to ruin, to ferve his own ends ; and heels than their arms ; as alfo by the credulity
laying, that the w ar was neceflary for him only, of fome minilters, and the corruption of o-
:

and hadprov'd the deftruction ot the reft. thers, the encouragement of one or two fuccefs-
'.I he Earl The Earl was fenfible, that the fidelity, as ful Engagements on the fide of the Rebels, and
offers ful)-
well as the ftrength, of his party, was exceed- the fuppliesot men and money fent them from
niiflioti.
ingly fhaken, and refolv'd to be as much before- Spain,) this War (t fay) in the eighth year
hand with danger as he could being now tir'd irom its firit breaking out, was happily extin-
;

out with his misfortunes, and alfo tender of his guiiVd under the Adminiftration of Queen E-
own life, which will generally be regarded in lizabeth of blcflld memory, and the conduct of
fpite of all refolutions. Accordingly, he wrote Charles Blunt, Baron of Montpy, Lord Deputy
Jevernl letters to the Queen with great fubmif- (created upon that account Earl of Devcnfijirc by
fion, addreffing himfelt with prayers and tears King Jamesfthe firftl) which fwe hope will bef So fnfd,
.fur mercy which the Queen obferv'd to be fo the foundation of a lafHng Peace in that King- arm, 1627.
;

(Ulcere in all appearance, that (being alfo in hsr dom.

A CHRO-
 qp^qpqp^^'^qpqpqpqpqpqpqpqpQ^^^^^g^^^^^

CHRONICLE
O F T H E

KINGS of MAN.
N the year of our Lord 1065. ther they would divide the lands of this Hie
dy'd Edward King of among them and live here, or feiz'e the wealth
England of bleffed memo- and fubftance of the Country, and return
ry ; to whom Harold fon home. But his army was rather for fpoiling
ot Godwin fucceeded. Ha- the Illand, and enriching themfelves with
Harfager King of
rold the goods of it ; and then for departing.
Norway
gave him battle, However, Godred himfelf, w ith fome of the
at St ainfw Abridge, but was
beaten, and all his Wanders, who ftay'd with him, fettled in
men fled. After this flight, one Godred fir- the fouth part of the Ifland, and granted the
named Crovan the fon of Harold the black, , north part to the remains of the natives, up-
efcaping out of Ireland, came to Godred the on condition that none of them ihould ever
fon ot Syrric, King of Man at that time, and prefume to claim any part of it by way of
was honourably enterrain'd by him. inheritance. Hence, to this very day, the
The fame year William the Baftard con- whole Ifland is tile King's ; and all the rents
quered England ; and Godred the fon of Syr- ariiing out of belong to him.
it, Godred
ricKing ot Man dy'd, and was fucceeded by then reduced Dublin, and a great part of Lay-
his Ion Fingall.
neflir.As for the Scots, he brought them to
An. io66\ Godred Crovan got a numerous fuch fubjection, that if any of them built a
and arriv'd at Man, where he
fleet together,
fhip or a boat, they were not allowed to have
fought with the inhabitants, but was over- * above three flenis in it. He rcign'd fixteen t „,
come and put to flight. Having rally'd his years and dy'd in the Ifland call'd Tie; lea-
forces, and his fleet, he landed again at Man, vmg three Ions, Lagman, Harold,- and Olaxi, firm.
J%*ZZ
fought the inhabitants, and was routed by Lagman being eldeft, feiz'd the Kingdom,
them. Having rais'd a great army the third and reign 'd feven years. His brother Harald
time, he came by night to the port called continued a long time in rebellion againfl
Kamfa, and laid an ambufcade of three hun- him ; but being at tail taken by Lagman, he
dred men in a wood upon the had his privy members cut off, and his eyes
f bending
brow of a hill call'd Suiiajel. As foon as the put out Afterwards Lagman was fo deeply
fun was up, the inhabitants put themfclves concern'd for having put out his brother's
in order of Battle, and fell upon Godred with eyes, that he renoune'd the Kingdom, and
great violence. When both parties were clofe with the fign of the crofs went in pilgrimage
engag'd, the three hundred men that lay in to Jerufakm in which pilgrimage he dy'd.
;

ambuffi, came out to the affiftsnee of their 10S9. As foon as the Nobility of the Ifland
Country-men, and put the Inhabitants of the received the news of Lagman's death, they dif-
Illand to flight. When they faw themfelves patch'd their Ambafladors to Mmecard O-Briat
overcome, and no place to retreat to (for the King of Ireland,
defiring that he would fend
tide was in, fo that there was no pairing the them fome diligent perfon of Royal extraction-,
river Kamfa ; and the enemy was at their to Rule here, during the minority of Olave
heels, purfuing them) they petition'd God- the fon of Godred. The King readily eonfent-
red with cries and tears to lpare their lives. ed, and fent one Dofnald the fon of "fade,
Godred, being mov'd with compaffion at the with orders and inflructions to govern the
calamitous condition of a people , among Kingdom which belong'd not to him, with
whom he had himfelf been brought up for tendernefs and modeily. But as foon as he-
fame time; recall 'd his army, and hinder'd was advaue'd to the throne, without regard-
them from making further purfuit. The next ing the commands of his Lord, he grew grie-
day, Godred gave his army their choice, whe-
vous to tiie people by his tyrannies, and
reigned
 A Chronicle of the Kings of Man.
reigned three: years with great cruelty and
wickednefs. The Nobility, being no longer
able to endure this opprdfion, unanimously
conipir'd, and took up arms, and baniiha
him. Upon that, he fled into Ireland, and
never return'd.
1097. One fagemund was Cent by the King
of N 01 way, to obtain the fuveraignty of thefe
Iflands. When he came to the Ifle Leo'd, he
Cent to all the great men of the Iflands, com-
manding them to alfemble and make him King.
In the mean while, he with his companions,
did nothing but plunder, and feaft, and ra-
vilh the women, wives and virgins giving
himfelf wholly to fuch beaftly lulls and plea-
fures. As foou as the great men of the Iflands
were acquainted with thefe things; being now
affembled to make him King, they were fo
enraged, that they immediately march'd thither;
and coming to his houfe in the night, fet it on
fire; fo that he and his whole retinue were
deftroy'd either by Are or fvord.
1098. was founded the Abby of S. Mary
at Cifterdum. Antiocb was taken by the Chri-
ftians ; and a Comet appeared.
The fame year was fought a battle between
the Inhabitants of the lite of Man at Sa&Pvjat;
thofe of the north part got the viftory. In
this engagement were flain Earl Other, and
Macmaraij the Leaders of the two Psrties.
The fame year, Magnm, King of Norway,
the fon of Olave, fon of Harald Harfager, out
of curiofity to know whether the Corps of
St. Olave, King and Martyr, did remain un-
corrupted ; commanded his tomb to be
This'order being oppos'd by the Bifhop and
his Clergy, the King himfelf came
and had open'd by force. And when with
it
his own eyes and hands, he found the body
found and unputriHcd, he fell into great fears,
and went away in all hafte. The next night,
Olavm, King and Martyr, appeared to him,
faying, Take thy choice of thefe two
to lofe thy lifeand Kingdom within thirty days;
to leave Norway, and be content never to fee
rtibre. As foon as the King aw ak'd,
r
his Nobles and the Elders of his people to-
gether, and told them the vifion. Being
trighten'd at it, they gave him this Counfel,
That with all hafte he fhotild depart
Norway. Upon this, he prepared a fleet of a
hundred and fixty fhips, and fet fail for the
Orcades, \\ hich he loon conqucr'd ; from
whence lie went on with fuccefs and victory
through all the Iflands, till he came to that of
Man. Being landed there, he went to St. Pa-
trick's Ifle, to fee the place where the
had engag'd a 'little before for ; many
dead bodies were yet unburied.
and pleafant liland pleafed him
he refolv'd to feat himfelf in it ; and to that
end built forts and flrong holds, which re-
tain his name to this day. Thofe of Gallway
were fo much aw'd by him, that at his com-
mand they cut down wood, and brought it to
the fhore, to make his Bulwarks withal.
Next, he failed to Monia, an Ifland ot Wales,
where he found two Hughs, both Earls one
MoniafotAn of them he flew, the other he put to flight,
glejcj, v. Gi. and conquer 'd the Ifland. The Welfh made
raid. Cam- him many Prefents; and fo, taking his leave
brtnfem In
Jtincrario
of them, he returnM to Man. To Murecard,
Cambria. King of Ireland, he fent his fhoes,
ing him to carry them upon his
through the middle of his houfe, on Chrift-
mas-day in fight of his Meflengers, to fignify
his fubjection to King Magnus.
received this news with great wrath and
dignation. But the King confider'd better,
and told them, he would not only carry, but
than King Magma
alfo eat his fhoes, rather
fhould deftroy one Province in Ireland. So he
comply'd with this order, and honourably en-
tertained his Meflengers; and fet them back
with many prefents to him, and made a
league with him. Being returned, they gave
their Mailer an account of Ireland', defcribing
itsfltuation, and pleafantnefs, its fruitful nefs,
and the excellency ot its air. Magnus hearing
this, turn'd his thoughts wholly upon the
Conquefl of that Country. For this end, he
;
gave orders to fit out a fleet; and went before
with fixteen {flips, to take a view of the
Country: but, having unwarily left his (hips,
he was befet by the Irifh, and cut off, with
molt of thofe that were with him. His body
was bury'd near St. Patrick's Church in Down.
He reigned fix years. After his death, the
Noblemen of this Ifland fent for Olave, fon
of Godred Crouan, who Uv'd in the Court of
Henry King or England, the fon of William.
1 102. Olave, fon of Godred Crouan, be-
gan his reign ; which continu'd forty years.
He was a peaceable Prince, and in league with
all the Kings of Ireland and Scotland. His
wife was Africa, the daughter of Fergufe of
Gallway ; by whom he had Godred. By his
Concubines he had alfo Regnald, Logman, and
Harald, befides many daughters ; one or
whom was marry 'd to Summerled Prince ol
* Hi'rergaidd ; which prov'd the ruin of the * ArgiU.
Kingdom of the Hies. By her he had four
open'd. fons, Dulgall, Raignald, Engus, and Olave.
1133. The Son was fb eclips'd on the
in perfon, fourth of the Nones of Augufi, that the day
w'as as dark as night.
1 134. Olave gave to Yvo, Abbot of Fumes,
part of his lands in Man, towards building an
Abby in a place called Rufjhi. He augmented
the f Churches of the Iflands both with new t **« Ecclefi-
afticam.
offers, either Revenues, and new Immunities.
ot- 1 142. Godred, the fon of Olave, ful'd over
it to theKing of Norway, who was call'd Hinge,
he call'd and did him homage he (laid there fome
:
time, and was honourably rtceived. This
fame year, the three fons or Harald brother of
Olave, who were bred at Dublin, cametoAfrts,
out of with a great multitude of people, and fuch as
the King had banifh'd; demanding one half
of the Kingdom of the Ifles for their fhare.
The King, being willing to pleafe them, an-
fwer'd, That he would take the advice ot his
Council about it. Having agreed upon the
time and place for their meeting, thefe villains
I {landers enter'd into a plot againft the King's life. At
of the the day appointed, both Parties met at the
This fweet haven call'd Ramfa, and fat in ranks; the
fo well, that King with his Council on the one fide, and
they and their gang on the other; and Regnald
(who was to difpatch him) in the middle,
talking, apart, with one of the Noblemem
.
When the King call'd him, he turned himfelf
as though he would falutehim ; but lifting up
a Chining ax, he cut off his head at one blow.
When they had executed this villany, and di-
; vided the -Ifland among them ; after fome few
days they got a fleet together, and fet fail for
Gallway, intending to make a Conquefl: of it.
But the people,' being in arms ready to receive
upon them with
them, fell great violence.
command- Upon this, they fled back to Man in much dis-
(boulders order; where they either kilfd or banifh'd all
the Gallway-men they could meet with.
1 145. Godred, Son of Olave, returning from
The Irifh Norway:, was madeKingof Man. To revenge
in- the death of his father, he put out the eyes
of
 M ;

A Chronicle of the Kings of Man.

of two of Harold's fons, and the third he put 1183. O-Fogclt was "'Sheriff of Man. \ Vice-Comes.
to death. 11S5. There happened an Eclipfe of the
1 144. Godred began his reign, and reign fun on St. Philip and Jacob's day.
thirty years. Ill the third year of his reign,
1187. On the fourth of the Ides of No- '

the people of Dublin fent for him, and made vember, Godred, King of the Ifles, departed
him King of Dublin. Mmecard King of Ire- this life ; and the Summer following, his bo-
land rais'd war againft him, and as he lay en- dy was convey 'd to the Ifle of Hy. He left
camp'd before the City called Coridelis, fent three fons, Reginald, Olave, nadTi/ar. In his
half brother, by the mother's fide,
Oftbel, his life-time, he made Olave his heir ; being the
with three thoufand horfe to Dublin, who was only legitimate fon that he had. But (Olave
flam by Godred and the Dublinians, and his being fcarce ten years old) the people fent for
army routed. After this, he return 'd to Man, Reginald out of the and
Ifles, made him
and began to tyrannize here, depriving his King.
Nobles of their eftates one of them called : 1 188. Reginald, the fon of Godred, began
1'horfin, the fori of Oter, mightier than the his reign over the Iflands ; and Murchard, a
reft, went
to Sumerled, and made Dubgall his man of great in the
intereft Ifles, was
fon, King of the Ifles, many of which he re- flain.
duced to fubjection. Godred hearing of thefe 11J2. A battle was fought between Regi-
proceedings by one Paul, fet out a fleet, and nald and Eng:n, the fons of Sumerled; wherein
fteer'd towards Sumerled, who came againft got the victory.
him with a fleet of eighty fail. The fame year the Abbey of Ruffin was
1
1
J5. They came to an engagement by fea, tranflated to Dufglas ; yet the Monks, about
* the night before the feaft of Epiphany
; and four years after, return d to Ruffin.
after great (laughters on both fides, concluded 120}. Michael, Bifhop of the Ifles, dy'd at
a peace the next day, agreeing to divide the Fontans, and was fucceeded by Nicholas.
Kingdom of the Hies between them from : 1204. Hugh de Lacy brought an army into
which time it hath continued two feveral Vljler, and fought John Curcy, and took him
Kingdoms to this day. So that from the mo- prifoner, and conquer'd Ulfter. Afterwards,
ment that Su-merled's fons had to do with the he fet John at liberty; who thereupon came to
Kingdom of the Ifles, we may date its down- King Reginald, and was honourably receiv'd,
fall and overthrow. as being his fon-in-law for Africa, Godred's
:

1 158. Sumerled came to Man with a fleet of daughter (fhe who founded the Abbey of
fifty three fail, and pur Godred to flight, and St. Mary de Jugo Domini, and was bury'd there}
fpoil'd the Iflind ; upon which, Godred faifd Vtisjohn de Cnrcy's wife.
over to Norway for aid againft Sumerled. 1205. John Curcy, and Reginald King of the •

1 164. Sumerled fet out a fleet of one hun-
dred and lixty fbips, and arriv'd with them
at Rhinfrin, intending to conquer all Scot-
land. But by the juft judgment of God, he
was vanquifhed there by a very few, and he,
together with his fon and a vaft multitude,
flam.
The fame year, a battle was fought
Ram/a, between Reginald, Godred's brother,
and the people of Man ; wherein thofe of Man
were put to flight, by the treachery of a cer-
tain Earl.
Now
alfo Reginald began his reign ; which
had not continued four days, till Godred his
brother invaded him with a great army from
Norway, and having taken him, put out his
eyes, and cut off his privy members. The
fame year, dy'd Malcolm King of Scotland,
and was fucceeded by his brother William.
1 16<5. In Auguft there appeared two Co-
mets before fun-rife one in the fouth, the;
other in the north.
1 171. Richard Earl of Pembroke failed into
Ireland, and fubdu'd Dublin, and a great part
of Ireland.
1 176. John Cure) conquer'd Vljler, and Vi-
Ifles, enter'd Ulfter with an hundred fiiips, at
the haven call'd Straufeord, and kidfiege to
Rath Caftie. But Walter de Lacy came upon
them with an army, and put them to flight.
After that, Curcy could never recover his
Territories.
1210. Engm, the fon of Sumerled, wasflain,
at with his three fons.
John, King of England, arriv'd in Ireland
with a fleet ot roo fiiips, and conquer'd it,
and fent a certain Earl, called Fuko, to Mtn
w'ho wafted the whole Country in a fortnight,
and taking hoftages, return 'd home. Kino-
Reginald and his Nobles were not in Man at
that time.
1217. Nicholas, Bifhop of the Ifles, dy'd,
and was bury'd in Vlfiei; in the houfe of Ben-
chor, and fucceeded by Reginald.
I will, with the Reader's leave, add Something fur-
tlser, concemng the two brothers, Olave and
Reginald.
REginald gave to his brother Olave the Ifle
of Lodhus which is counted larger
;

vian the Pope's Legat came into Man, and than any of the other Iflands, but thinly peo-
made King Godred to be lawfully marry'd to pled, becaufe it is mountainous and ftony,
his wife Phingola, daughter to Mac-Lotlen, fon and almoft every where unfit for tillage, The
of Murkartac, King of Iteland, the mother of inhabitants live generally by hunting and fifTl-
Olave, then three years old. They were mar- illg. Olave, thereupon, went to take poffef-
ry'd by Sylvan the Abbot, to whom Godred the fion of this Ifland, and dwelt there in a poor
very fame day gave a parcel of land at Mire- condition. Finding it too little to maintain
fcege, where he built a Monaftery ; but^ this, him and his army, he went boldly to his bro-
together with the Monks, was at lalt made ther Reginald, who then liv'd in the Iflands,
over to the Abbey of Ruffin. and addrefs'd him in this manner. My bro-
1IJ2. Reginald, the fon do Eac-Manat, of ther, and my Sovereign You know well, that
;

the blood royal, coming into Man in the the Kingdom of the Ifles was mine by right of
King's abfence with a great body of men, inheritance ; but fince God hath made you
put to flight thofe who guarded the
prefelltly King over envy not your happinefs, nor
it, I
Coaft, and flew about thirty of them; but the do I grudge to fee the' crown upon your
inhabitants riling, fell upon him, and the head. I only beg of you fo much land in
fame day flew him and moft of his party. thefe Iflands, as may be an honorable main-
[ ni ] tenance,
 A Chronicle oft he Kings of Man,
tenance, tor I am not able to live upon the minion. But the people of Man being un-
Ifhnd Lod/jm, which you gave me. Reginald willing to fight againft Olave and the lflanders,

hearing this, told his brother he would take whom they lov'd very well; Reginald and Alan
the advice of his Council upon it; and the Lord of Gallway were fore'd to return home

day after, when Olave was call'd in, he was without effecting any thing.
while A little

apprehended by Reginald's order, and carry 'd
to William King of Scotland, that he might
be there kept in prifon ; where he continu'd in
chains almofHeven years. For in thefeventh
year dy'd William King of Scotland, and was
iuccceded by his fon Alexander but before his
after, Reginald pretending a journey to the
Court * of his Lord the King of England, * Domini
Re.
rais'd an iiundred marks upon the people oi' gh Anglix.
the Ifland; and then went to tin.' Court of
Alan Lord of Gallway. During his ft ay
; there, he marry 'd his daughter to Alan's fon.

death, he commanded that allprifoners fhould The people of Man received this news with
be fet at liberty. Olave being thus freed, fuch indignation, th.it they fent for Olave, and

came to Man,, and foon alter,accompanied made him King.

with no fmall train of Nobility, went to St. 122*5. Olave recover'd his inheritance,
^ames. AtReturn, his brother Reginald
his namely, the Kingdom of Man; and of the
made him marry the daughter of a Noble- IfleS, which his brother Reginald had govern'd

man of Kentyre, his own wife's filler, named for thirty eight years; and reign 'd quietly two

Lavoit, and gave him Lodhtu again. But a tew years.

days after, Reginald Bifhop of the Hies, call'd 1228. Olave, accompany'd with all the No-
a Synod, and divorced Olave, the fon of God- bility, and the military part of the people of
red3 and Lavm his wife, as being the Coufin Man, fail'd over to the lfles, while after A
german of his former wife. Afterwards Olave that, Alan Lord of Gallway, Thomas Ear(
married Scriftina, the daughter of Ferkar Earl of Athol, and Reginald, came into Man
King
of Rojfe. with a great army and wafted all the fouth
;

Reginald's wife, the Queen of the Iflands, part of the Wand, and
fpoil'd the Churches,

was fo troubled at this news, that the fent let- and put all the inhabitants they could meeg
ters, in the name of her husband King Regi- with to the fword fo that the whole fouth
;

nald,w her fon Godred in the Ifland of ^^com- part ot the Ifland was in a manner defolate*
manding him to kill Olave. As Godred was After Alan had thus ravaged the Country, lie
contriving to execute this order, and going to returned with his army leaving his Bailiffs in
;

Lcdhui for that end, Olave got off in a little Man, to collect the tribute ot the Country,
cock-boat, and. fled to his father-in-law the and fend it to him. King Olave. coming up-
Earl of Rojfe ; while Godred in the mean time on them UDawares, put them to flight, and
wafled the Ifland. At the fame time, Pol, the recover 'd his Kingdom. Whereupon, the peo-
fon of Boke, Sheriff of Sky, a man of great ple who had been difperfed and icattered, got
interefl: in all the Iflands, fled like wife (having together again, and began to live fecurely in
refus'd to fide with Godred) and liv'd iu the their old homes.
Earl of Ro\Vs houfe with Olive- Making a The fame year. King came by fur-
Reginald
league with Olave, they went together in one prize in the dead of the night in winter, with
veflel to Sky. At laft, they underftood by their five fail ot fhiys,from Galway, and burnt all
Spies, that Godred lay fecure and negligent, the (hips that beloug'd to his brother Olavt
with a very few men, in a certain Ifland call'd and the Nobility of Man, at the Iile of S.
St. Columbs. So, they got together their friends Patrick; and tarry 'd torty days after in Rag-
and companions, and with fuch volunteers as nollvjatlj-havm, deli ring peace or his brother.
would go with them, they fet fail in the mid- During his abode, he won-over to his intereffc

dle of the night with five (hips, which they all the inhabitants of the fouth part of Man ;

got from the oppolite (bore, diitant about two lb that they fwore they would lofe their lives,
turlongs irom the toreiaid Ifland, and befet rather than he fhould not be reitor'd to haJf
St. Columbs, Godred and his company, next of the Kingdom. OfttW* on the other fide,
morning, perceiving themfelves encompafs'd had fecur'd thofe of the north to his lntercft ;
by an Enemy, were in great conifer nation. and fo on the fourteenth of February, at a
However, they took arms, and, though to no place e.dled 'Tinguall, the two brothers came to
purpofe, manfully endeavoured to withftand an engagement ; wherein Olave had the victory,
them. For Olave, and Pol the aforefaid She- and King Reginald was ilain ; but without the.
riff,landed about nine a-clock with their knowledge of Olave. Certain Pirates arrived
whole army, and cut off all they met with ; in the fouth part of Man, and wafted it.
thofe excepted, who had taken fanctuary in The Monks of Rufiin conveyed the Corps of
the Churches. Godred was taken, and had his King Reginald to the Abbey of S. Mary de
eyes put out, and his privy members cut off. Foumes; and there it was bury'd in a certain
However, this was agninU OJave's will ; for he place which he himfelf had appointed before.
would have fav'd him but the fon of Boke,
: Olave, after this, wentKing of Nor-
to the
the Sheriff aforefaid, would not fufier it. This way but before
; Haco King of
his arrival,

was done in the year 1223. Next fummer, Norway had made a certain Nobleman, call'd
Olave having received pledges of the Noble- Htisbac, the fon of Qvmmsd, King of the So-
men of the lfles, fet fail tor Man with a fleet dorian Iflands, and nsm'd him Haco. This
of thirty two Chips, and arrived at Rognolfwaht, Haco, accompany'd by Olave, and Godred
At this time, Reginald and Olave divided the Don the fon of Reginald, and many Norwegi-
Kingdom of the Lies between them ; but Re- ans, came to the lfles; but in taking a certain
ginaldwas to have Alan over and above, toge- of Both, he was kill'd with a
cafile in the Iile

ther with the title of King. Olave having {tone, and buried in Jona.
furnifh'd himfelf with proviiions in the Ifle ot 1230. Olave came with Godred Don and
Man, return'd with his company to his part of the Norwegians to Man; and they divided the
the Iflands. Reginald, the year following, taking Kingdom. Olave was to have Man. God-
Alan Lord of Gallway along with him, went red going to the lfles, was flain in Lodhus.
with the people of the Ifle of Man, to difleife So, Olave came to be fole King of the Ifies.

his brother Olave ot the land he had given 1237. On the twelfth of the Calends ot
him, and to reduce and add it to his own do- June, died Olave the fou of Godred, King of
Man,
 A Chronicle of the Kings of Man.
Man, in St. Patrick's Ifle and was bury'd in
; 1250. Harald, the fon of Godred Don, be-
the Abbey of Ruffin. He reign'd eleven years ;
ing fummon'd by a letter from the King of
t\vo in the lite-time of his brother, and nine Norway, went to him, and was there im-
after. prifon a for his unjuft ufurpation.

His foil Harold, then fourteen years old, The f*me year, Magnus fon of Olave, and
fucceeded, and reign'd twelve years. In the John fon of Dugald, who ftil'd himlelf King,
firft year of his reign, he went to the Ifles, and arriv'd at Roghalwaht ; but the people of Man,
made Loglen his Kinfmau, Keeper of Man. taking it ill that Ahgnm had not the title, beat
In the autumn following, Harald Cenv three fons them off their coaft, and many of them were
of N$H> viz.. Dufgald, Thorquel, and Mol- caft away.
more, and his friend Jofeph, to Man, in order 1252. Magnus, fon of Olave, came to Man,
to a Conference. Accordingly, on the twenty- and was made King. The next year, he took
fifth day, they met at 'Tinguallo ; where, upon a a voyage to the Court of Norway, and tarry'd
difference that happen'd between the fons of there a year.
Nell, and Loglen, there enfu'd a fight, in which 1254. Haco, King of Norway, made Mag*
Dufgald, Monnor, and the f^id Jofeph loft jzwifon ot Olave, King of the liles confirming;

their livtfS. The fpring following, King Ha- them to him and his heirs, and by name to his
rald came to the lile of Man ; and Loglen, who brother Harald.
Bed into Wales with Godred the fon of Olave 1256. King of M.an, went into
Mognm,
his pupil, was caft away with about forty England, and there was Knighted by the
others. King.
1238. Gofpatrick and Giilefcrift the fon of 1257. The Church of S. Mary of Ruffm was
Afac-Kerthoc, came from the King of Norway confecrated by Richard Bifhop ot Sodor.
into Man, and drove out Harold, and converted ia5o. Haco, King of Norway, came to
the tribute of the Country to the fervice of Scotland, and without effecting any thing, dy'd
the King of Norway ; becaufe he had refu- in his return to the Ides of Orkney, at Kir-
fed to appear in perfon at the Court of that was, and was buried at Bergh.
King. 1265. This year dy'd Magmu fon of Olavet
1239. Harold vent to the King of Norway, King of Man and of the Iflands, at the cattle
who after two years confirm'd to him, his heirs of Ruffin ; and W
as bury'd in S. Mary's Church
and fuccei'Scrs, under his Seal, all the Iflands there.
that his Prediccflbrs had enjoy 'd. 1256. The Kingdom of the Ifles was
1240. Gofpatric dy'd, and was buried in the tranflated, by means of Alexander King of
Abbey of Ruffin. Scots,
1242. Harold return'd out of Norway to
Man, was honourably receiv'd by the Inhabi-
tants, and was at peace with the Kings of Eng- What follows, is written in a different and later

land and Scotland. Charoiler.

1247. Harold) as bis father had been, was
Knighted by the King of England, and return'd 1270. On the feventh of October, the Fleet of
home with many prefents. The fame year t]ie Alexander King of Scots ardvd ot Rogljalwath ;
King of Norway lent for him, and a match was and, before fun-rife next morning, a battle wj$

made between Harold and his daughter. In jought between the Inhabitants of Man, and the

the year 1249, as he was on his voyage home- Scots, who flew five hundred and thirty five of the

ward with accompany'd with Laurence former whence that oj a certain Pott,
his wife, ;

the elect King of Man, and many of the No-

bility and Gentry, he was call away by a fud- L. dccles, X. ter, & penta duo cecidere,
den ltorm near the coafts of Rodland- Mannica gens dete, damna iutura cave.
1 249. Reginald, fon of Olave and brother of

Harold, began his reign the day before the Nones 13 1 3. Robert, King of Scots, befieg'd the caflle
of May, and on the thirtieth day thereof was of Ruifin (which was defended by Dingawy
flam by one Yvar, a Knight, and his accom- Dowyll) a\ul ot la(l took it.
plices, in a meadow near Trinity-Church, on 13 16. Upon Afcenfiou-day, Richard de Mande-
the fouth fide*. He was bury'd in the Church vile and his brothers, with others of the Irifi) Nobi-
of St. Mary of Ruffin. lity, arriv'd at Ramaldwath, defiring a Supply of
Alexander, King of Scots, prepar'd a great provifions and money ;for they hud beenfiript of oil by
fleetabout this time, intending to conquer the the continual depredations of the Enemy- When the
the field in
Ifles; but a feaver feu'd him in the Ifle of Ker- People deny'd their requeft, they took

waray, of which he dy'd. two bodies againfl thafe of Man, advancing till they

Harald, fon of Godred Don, afium'd the came to the fide of WarthfelH>('//, in a field whure
title of King of the Iflands, and banifh'd John Mandevile was pcfled. Upon engaging, the
allthe Noblemen of Harold, King Olave's fon, Irijh had the vitlory, and fpoitd the Ifle and the

and, inftead of them, recall'd fuch as were Abbey of Ruffm, and, after a month's flay, returned
fled. home, full-fraught with pillage, f +Thus far out
of that,indent
Book.

The end of the Chronicle of the Kings of Man.

A Con-
 A Chronicle oj the Kings of Man.

A Continuation of the foregoing Hisrour, colMed out of

other Authors.

Lexandcr the third, King of ries. But before, the Arms of

\
the King ofTbeoMCo
Scots, having made himfelf Mm
were a * Ship with the fail folded, and his of
.f
rms °
i

matter of the Weftern Iflands, title, Rex Mannia

partly by hisfword, and part- and of the
&
Infulamm, King ofMnfyJiJiomfiU
Ifles ; as I have fecn both, in their cato.
ly by purchafe from the King Seals. Afterwards, about the year 1340, Wil-
1

of Norway; at laft invaded liam Montacute the younger, Earl of Salisbury,

Man alfo, as one of that num- refcu'd it by force of arms out of the
hands of
ber, and by the valiant conduct of Alexander the Scots; and in the year of our Lord 1393.
Steward, entirely fubdu'd it ; and fet a King fold Man and the Crown thereof to William Scrape
over theIfie, upon this condition, that he fliould for a great fum of money, as W.dfingbam tells
be ready toaffiff. him with ten fliips in his wars us. Scrope being afterwards beheaded, and his
by Sea, when ever he demanded them. How- Eftate confifcate for treafon, it fell into Henry
ever, Mary the daughter of Reginald, King of the lVth's hands, who beftow'd it
upon Henry
Man (who was the Liege-man of John King of Percy Earl of Northumberland in a kind of tri-
England,) addrefs'd herfelf to the King of Eng- umph over William Scrope (whom he, while a
land for juftice in this cafe. Anfwer was made, private man, had taken and beheaded
for afpi-
Lords of.Mas, That the King of Scots was then poflefs'd of nng to the Crown;) upon this condition, That
the Illand, and ihe ought to apply to him. Her he and his pofterity, at the Coronation of the
fon's Ion, John Waldebeof (tor Mary married Kings ot England, fliould carry
the Sword be-
into this family) fu'd again for his right in fore him, which the faid King Henry wore by
Parliament, the 33d of Edward the htft, before his fide, at his return to England
; commonly
the King of England, as Lord Paramount of calld Lancafltr-fword. Eut take the King's own
Scotland. Yet ail the anfwer he could have, words, as they ftaiid in the Record.
was (as it is in the Record,) He may profecute his
We of our An. 1 H. 4.
fpeaal grace, have given and granted to Henry Rot. 2. bun-
title before the Juftices of the King's Bench ; let it be Earl of Northumberland, the Ifle, ik 2 *
Caftle, Pile, and
beard there, and let juftice be done. But what he Lord/hip of Man, with all
fuch //lands and feignio-
could hot effect by law, his kinfman William rtes thereunto belonging as were the pojfefjlons of Sir
Montacute (tor he was of the royal family of William Le Scrope Knight, deceafed whom in his
;
Man) obtain'd by force of arms. For having lifewe conquer d, and do declare conquer d ; and
rais'd a body of Englifh, with thefe raw fol- which, by reafon of this our conquefl, we
feizld into
diers he drove all the Scots out of the Ifle. our hands. Which Conquefl and Decree, as touching
But having plung'd himfelf into debt by the the perfon of the faid William, and aU the lands,
great expence of this war, and being infolrent, tenements, goods, and chattels, as well within as
he was fore'd to mortgage the Illand to Anthony without the Kingdom, belonging to him, are now, at
Bee Bifhop of Durham, and Patriarch of Jeru- the petition of the Commons of our Kingdom, and by
falem, and made over all the profits to him for the confent of the Lords Temporal affembkd in Par-
feven years and quickly after, the King gave
; liament, ratify 'd and confirm d,
&c. To have and
the Illand to the faid Anthony for term of Hie. to hold to the faid Earl and his
&C. by fervice
heirs,
Afterwards, King Edward II. gave it to his
great favourite Peter de Gavefion, at the fame
of carrying on every Coronation-day
of and our m
heirs, at the left fooulder
of m
and our heirs, by
time that he made him Earl of Cornwall. He himfelf or by afufficient and honourable deputy, that
being dead, the King gave it to Henry Beaumont jword naked which we wore when we arriv'd in
•with all the demefns, and royal jurifdiBion thereunto
A
Holdemefs, call'd Lancafier-fword, &c. However,
Soon after this, the Scots recover'd it
Tho Otter
belonging. this Henry Percy was attainted four years after born' an '

; 7.
again, under the conduct of Robert Brus ; and and though it was not long before he was re- H -4-
from that time Thomas Randolph a warlike Scot ftor'd in blood, yet he was depriv'd of Man;
The Arms o?( as Alexander Duke of Albany did a long time Which was given htft to William Stanley, and
the Kings of after) fUl'd himfelf Lord of Man, and bore the after that to John Stanley, together
with the
^W«». fame Arms that the later Kings of the Illand advowfon of the Bifhoprick, & c w hofe pofte- .

did, namely 'three arm 'd legs of a man link'd toge- rity were honour'd with the title
of Earls
ther and bending in the hams ; like the three legs of Derby, and commonly call'd
Kings of
naked, which were formerly ftamp'd on the Man.
coins of Sicily , to fignify the three Promonto-

THE
 THE
INS ERTIONS
Made by

Dr. HOLLAND,
In his Englifh Tranflation of

Mr. CAMDEN's
BRITANNIA;
WITH
The Pages, and Lines, in this WORK,
to which they relate.

O ]
 d

THE
IN SERTIONS
Made by

Dr. HOLLAND
^ In his Englifh Tranflation of

Mr. CAMDENs Britannia.

R
^dT^Sthe Ad*^ r" YT at the
,
*&"** -f-d- Addition,* the

The PICTS. Page. Line. c ramm largiconum,

Comes facrz vefhs,
Lord High Treafim
j
Mafter of the Wardrobe-
aKix 2s'"p
t U —— M '"!e
Comes Stabuli M^ „/ ffe Horfi Qomes .
j

^& "Sfl'»fl the hcurfan of the

lhe&uri, Treafurer
nant of the Eajl
;Comes Orientis, Lieute-
; Comes Britannia Comes
Africa:, tfc.
The SCOTS. ccxxxnii.62. Territories As for the Earl Marftjal of Eng-
oclir,'• 7-
M AumS Douklefs out of him.
land, King
firft to
Kichard the fecund
Thomas Mowbray, .Ear/ o/NottiiHiam
whereat before they were /imply
game that' title

ftikd Marfhals
ot England ; and after the bauifimem
The Englilh SAXONS. of Mow-
bray, he granted it to T. Holland,
Duke of Sur-
rey, fulftituted Earl Marfbal
tMv. jo. T? After But rather, as I think, of the Ri-
he jbould can; a Rod
in his place, that
of gold enamel'd black at
XL fing of drift, which our Progenitors call Eaft,
loth ends, whenm before they us 'd one of'wood.
ca we do now that fart whence the Sun
67. Time
rifeth. .
Wlio confer/'d that title upon T Lor
Beaumont.
The Degrees of E N G L A N D. 5*. To Parliament And it it noted that the faid

c«r**vi 40
«Mi»ii.2o'.
n
•L'
Igllky
Honour
Great Mafter
m ComesCm
'h ,hl ""-
Domefticorum, Lord
prudent
of
King Edward
ancient Families, thai
I. fummoned always
were moft wife, to his
Parliaments ; but omitted their Sons
after their
thofe

of the Houftiold ; Comes fa- death, if they were not anfweralile

to their Parents in
Vnderftanding. Cheva-
 ; — —

J Dr. HOLLAND'S Infertions

ccxl.
Line. Chevalier For the Common Law doth not ac- 'age. Line.
20.
Aldermen — Somewhat weftward from this lietk

a Name of Dignity. 1.
ft
fi 4- knowledge Baron to be Cligarth, the Habitation of the Bevils, of efpe-
cial good note for Antiquity and Gentry.
ibii. si. Memorable — But a fmall River paffmg by Min-
The Law-Courts of ENGLAND. hevet, whereby is Pole, the feat of the Trelaw-
nies, to whom with others, the Inheritance of the
ARches He is catd Dean, for that Courtneys Earls of Devonfhire accrued.

be hath JurifdiElion in i$ Parifhes of Lon- ibii. 52. Monte-Edgecombe — At the Eafl-Jide of Ta-
don, exemtt from the Eifoop of London j which mar.
Number xtaketh a Deanerie. 24. 62. Digrelfion — Between Padftow
and Tindagel
inwardly there extendeth a fruitful vein, and there-
in fiourifb the Families of Rofcarrock, Carn-
CORNWALL: few, Penkevel, Cavel, Penkavel, of ancient name
and great refpefl in this Coafl.
A-Coaft —
SEMake Oppofite to this Country.
2 1. £ Only Daughter — And file Heir.
— The Inhabitants do difcover thefe ibid, 3$. Azores --- As I foatl foew more fully in my An-
Mines by certain Tin-fiones lying on tb nals.

face of the ground, which they call Shoad, being ibii, 54. Tamerton By Tamar an ancient Manour of
fomewhat fmooth and round. the Trevilions, whom, by marriages, the In-
to

Sild. Breaking —
Stamping, drying. heritance of Walesborough and Ralegh of Netle-
Ingenious —
There are alfo two forts of Tin ; fled defended.
ibii.

Black-tin, which is Tin-ore, broken and wafted, 16. 10. Tin — So that the Countrey-people had this By-
hut not yet founded into Metal ; and White-Tin, word of it,

that is molten into Metal ; and that is either foft

Tin, which is left Merchantable ; or hard Tin :

lefs Merchantable. Hengflon down

well ywroughr,
ibii. St. Jerom —
Out of the Sclavoman Tongue. Is worth London deer ybought.
ibii. Saracens -•— If they did mean by thai Name, the an-
cient Panims.
ibid. 6$. Afterwards —
This Richard began to make Ordi- ibii. 19. Man — Beneath it Tamar leaveth Halton [for-
nances for thefe Tin-works, and afterwards merly 2 the habitation of the RoufeS, anciently
&c. Lords of Little-Modbery in Devonfhire.
Reft —Called Lord Warden of the Stannaries, of ibid. 69. Befants —
Five, Four, Three, Two and One.
Stannum, that is, Tin. ibid. 76. Honours — And at lafi timid Monk arBermond-
For, Every Month Every — three Weeks. fey.
ibid,
ibid. Controverfies — In Caufes perfonal between tinner 27. s. Henry the firft — By the Daughter of Sir Robert
and and between tinner and foreigner, Corbet.
cept in
tinner,
Caufes of Land, Life or Member. ibid. 33. Germany — Among the Competitors of the Em-
Himfelf — From him the Duke, from the Duke pire.

to the King.
to

In matters of moment, there are by 28. S. Edward the fecond — Advanced thereunto by his
the Warden, General Parliaments or feveral Af- Brother Edward the third.

fembliesfummoned; wberemto Jurats are fent out

of every Stannary, whofe Confutations do bind them, DEVONSHIRE.
As for thofe that deal with Tin, they are of four
the Owners of the Soil, the Adventurers, 33- 74 INhabitants — In Sea-fervices of all forts.
forts ;

the Merchants or Regraters, and the Labourers, 35- 3° Call'd De Campo Arnulpbi — fa old Deeds.
called the Spadiards Spade ) who, poor
( of their 37- 17 Bruiers heretofore —
Who built here a ReligioMi
men, are pitifully out-eaten by ufuriom Contrails. Houfe.
But the Kings of England and Dukes of Corn- Religion — And,
for that, was accounted the Apo-
wall in their times have reserved to themfelves a ftle of Germany, and Canonized a Saint.
Pre-emption of Tin (by the Opinion of the Learned 3°' War — Againfl Henry the feventh.
in the Law) at well in regard of the Propriety, Soon after —
For Confpiracy againfl the King.
as being chief Lords and Proprietaries ; eta of their 35 Henry the .
eighth —
And defigned Heir- Appa-
Royal Prerogative*
20. —
They call it Coynage.
Stamp'd I2
rent.
Anceftors —
Under Pouderham, Ken a pretty
ibid.

Ibid. 22. Without —

Under forfeiture of their Tin.
-

Brook enters into Ex, which rifeth near Holcombe,

13' 3'- Main-Amber Which being a great Rock advan- where in a Park is a fair place built by Sir Thomas
ced upon fome others of meaner Jix,e with fo equal Denis, whofe Family fetcheth their firft Off-faring
a Counterpoize, a man may ftir, Sec. and Sir-name from the Danes, and were anciently
14. 16. Main-land — So that they fay of it. It is Land written Le Dan Denis, by which name the Cor-
and a
Ifland twice day. nifh call'd the Danes.
7- 14. Harbour — And neighbour to it is Golden the In- 20. Parts —And was given by Ifabel, heir to the Earls
heritance of Tregtan, a Houfe ancient and well of Devonfhire, to King Edward the firfl, when
ally'd. But defending to the haven's mouth you her IJfuefaifd.
may fee Fenten Gollan, in Englifh Hartefwell, 74, Chanel —
After it hath pafsd down by Ford, where
lately the feat of Carminow, a family anciently Adelize, daughter to Baldewin of Okehampton,
of high ejleem for blood and wealth, between whom founded an Abbey for Ciftercian Monks, 1140.
and the Lord Scroope two hundred years jince, }!• Time — From whom it defended to the Court-
was a Plea commenced in the Court of Chivalry, neys : Suddenly turning his Chanel, maketh north-
for bearing in a Shield Azure, a Bend Or. ward, infulating in a manner Potheridge, the.
Sand --- Whereunto fall many frejh Rivulets, a- Manfon of the Family Jimamed Monke. Hap-
ynongfl which that is principal which pajfeth by pily, for that fome one of them being a profefsd
Lanladron, wlxfe Lord S. Serls Lanladron, woe Monk, by difpenfation to continue his Houfe, return d
Temp. fummomd a Baron to the Parliament, in that age to temporal ejlate ; at that noble Hcufe in France
when the feleB men for wifdom and worth among Jimamed Archevefque, that is, Archbifhop, took
the Gentry were called to Parliaments, and their that name to continue the memory that one of the
Pofierity omitted, if they were defective therein. Progenitors of an Arch-bijhop, return d by difpen-
fation
 in the Text of Mr. Camdeist;
Line,
:. fatten to rt temporal man. Certainty from whence- Page. parts defended the fame againjl King Stephen.
foeverthename came, they haveworjloipjitlly match d, But, &c.

and not long finch with one of the Daughters of Ar- 59- 7- Seat —
Whereof, as fome were f.tmoits, fa Hugh
thur Plantagenet, Vifcount Liiley, natural Son Turberville, in the tine of King Edward the

to King Edward the fourth. firji, was ihfamomforhis inj'amompr-.iice.' with

Day — From the ancient Gtdlkk Language, the fame the French,

with old Brmfll. 74. For, Malbanch — MilbarjC

4 5. it. Vernon -- Becauje he was born there. 60. 9- Hill — Very defeelive of Water.

49. DeVbhlhire'-- AniJmk'd Coufin, and next w heir 45- England —

And, I have been informed that it con-
to the [aid Ifabel. tinued there till the time of King Henry the
Title — And by a Precept to the High-Sheriff of the eighth ; yet the Inhabitants have a Tradition, that

Shire, commanded he jbould be fo acknewledgd. Re- an old City ftecd upon the place which is called
ginald Courtney was the firfl of this Family the Caitle-Green, and by fome Bolt-bury, now

that came into England, brought hither by King a fair plain fo filed, that as of one
fide it joineth
to the town ; fo oj another it
Henry the fecund, and by him advanced with the is a firange fight,
marriage of the heir of the Barony of Okehamp- to lock down to the Vale under it ; whereby in the
ton, jor that he procured the marriage between weft end of the Chapel of St. John ( as I hear
the Jaid King and Elenor heir of Poidou and mm) jlamleth a Roman Infcription reverfed.
Aquitain. Bat whether he was branched from S2. Howard - Brother 0/ Thomas loft Duke of Nor-
the Houfe of Courtney before it was matched in
folk receiv'd of King James the Title, &c.
the Royal Blood of France, or after, which our
61. 36. For, Thomas Poynings — Sir Thomas Poynings,
Monks affirm, but du Tillet Keeper of the Re- Son of Sir Edward Poynings.
cords of t'rence, doubteth, I may fay fomewhat in 38. Expifd - As bafiardly Slips feldom take good
another place. root.

Thomas — 'taken at Towton-field.

62. 10. Well-inhabited —
But few fair Buildings.
Created -- Sir.
so- Buried —
Gertrude Blunt, Daughter to William
Devonihire — Who within three months revolting Lord Montjoy.
from King Edward, his advancer, mofl ingrate- 54- Wife - Margaret, Daughter and Heir to Sir
jully, was apprehended, and without Procefs exe- John Beauchamp of Bletenefhoe.
6 i- 74- Robert Cecil- Now Earl of Salisbury.
cuted at Bridgwater.
Ireland — Title he affeBed, at defended from
Which 79- Cranborne — South from hence lieth Woodland em-
a and Heir of Humfrey Stafford Earl oj
Cottjin parked, fometime the Seat of the worfhipful
ly oj Filioll, the Heirs
F.mi- >X
Devonshire. whereof are married a
Honour — Which he enjoy'd txs few jears as his Edward Seymor, after Duke of Somerfel, and
Predeceffor Humfrey Stafford did Months. Willoughby of Wailaton.
^4- 59. Publick — Who ended his life with fudden Death,
An. ttfoS, and left Robert his San, his Succef-
DORSETSHIRE. fir; who deceafing within the year, left the
faid
Honour again to Richard his hopeful Son, whom
51. 27. DEvonfhire — And fame part o/Somerfetfhire. he begat of the Lady Margaret Howard, Daugh-
54. 65. buildings — By Sea-adventures. ter to the late Duke of Norfolk.
77. Corfte — Seated upon a great (lately Hill.
78. Age — Until of late it hath been repaired. SOMERSETSHIRE.
56. 35. Ignorance ~ Here was firfl bred among the Religious
"
Men (as I have read) John Morton Cardinal "7- 38. "pAfturagc — And yet not without Jlony Hills.
and Archbijhop of Canterbury, born at St. An- 54. JTf Somcrtun - In the very firji l„„j, f ;fe
drews Milburne, worthily advanced to fo high Shire wefiward, where Ex rifeth in a folitary
1
places for his good fervice in working England : and hilly Moor, firfl appeareth Dulverton, a
filly
Happiuefs by the Union of the two Houfes oj Lail- Market, according to the Soil ; and near unto
it
cafter and York ; Family there hath
and of this was a fmall Religious Houfe of Black Canons
at
iffuedboth Robert Bifiop of Worcefter, and ma- Barelinch, who in later times acknowledged
the
ny Gentlemen of very good note in this Country and Fettiplaces their Founders.
elfewhere.
62. People - And between thofe CLivers was an
old
;5. Town — Whereof one is called Maumbury, being Abbey of white Monks, jounded by Willi mi
de
an Acre inditched, another Poundbury fome- Romara, Coufin to the Earl of Lincoln.
what greater, and the third a mile off, as a 11. Evel — Which rofe by the decay of Ilchefter.
Camp, with five Trenches, containing fame ten A- 16. Acres— And there appear about the Hill
five' or fix
cres, call'd Malden-eaftle. Ditches, fofleep, that a man fhali fooner jlide down,
Emperors — Found there, and efpecially at For- than go down.
dington hard by. 36. Camelion — Hereby are two Towns, Weft-Came-
Romans —
It [Dorchefter] had anciently a Caflle let and Eaft-Camelet, or Queens-Camelet
in that place where the Grey-Friers built their happily for that it had been in Dowry to fome
Convent out of the ruins thereof, and hath now but Queen.
three Parifh-Churches ; whereas the compafs of 49. Courtney - Here, to digrefs afide, from the
River
the old Townfeemeth to have been very large. Ivel, Winecaunton, no mean
Market, is neigh-
57- 34- Brien —A Baron. bour to this North-Cadbury, and near
thereunto
36. For, Humphrey Stafford — Hugh Staffor d . is Pen, &c
3S>- Lancafhire — And brought hither by the firji Mar- 1. Ruins — And two Towers upon the Bridge.
quefs oj Dorfet. 19. Inward — By Langport a proper Market-town.
Vifcount —
To the Lord Thomas Howard. 24. Family — And here I mufl not forget Pre/ton
<S. 36. Second — Who, when he came to challenge fometime the Seat of John Sturton, younger
Son
the Crown of England in the year 1142, ar- to the firfl Lord Sturton, one of whoje heirs
rived here, befteged and took the Cafile, which was married to Sidenham of Brimfton there-
was defended by Robert Lacy againfl him in by.

behalf of King Stephen and afterward Robert

;

of Lincoln, a man of mighty pojfejjlons in thofe [°] Who

 Dr. HOLLJND's Infertions
Page. Line. Who- Who being taken up hi the New-foreft by Pag,. Line. Wall - But this rich Church was defpoiled of many
72 -$' King Henry
-
the fecond, in a hunting journey, prov a 5 ' fair pojfefftons in the time of Edward the fixth
a great Man. when England felt
3 Z' Eftate —
Married Beatrix of Valines, Widow to a Child-King.
der
all Miferies which happen un-

_
Reginald Earl of Cornwall. [!
7- 36. Since ~
To the Lord Hungerford.
73. 1. Fields — Near Wivelfcomb afftgnd anciently to 57- Caftle — Confifting of four round Turrets.
the Bifhop of Bath. «5i. Nunnery — Which afterwards was the firft Houfe,
12. For, John Popham — Sir John Popham. and as it were Mother to the
74. 19. Beauchamp — And Earl of Hertford, inborn King
Carthufians, or
Charter-houfe-JWoKfc in England ; as Hinton,
Edward thefixth afterwards honour' d, fir(I -with not far near Fzmky-Cafllc,
off, was the fe-
the name of Lord and Baron Seimor, to be an- cond.
nex d to his other Titles, left (as the King faith S8. 48. Drawers — And have their guides.
in the Patent) the name of his mother's Family 89- 3'^ Deorham — In Gloceiterlhire.
fhoud be overfeadowed with any other Stile ; and S>°- 9- Difturbanccs - And the fuppreffton
of Religiom
yet afterward created him Duke of Somerfet. Houjes enfuing.
71- ~°- Alone —
Parret, having received the fame river, 21. Strangers — For Health twice a year.
runneth alone fuelling with certain fandy Shelves
90. 34- Bath - Who dy'd fhortly after, having, by hie
fometime in his Chanel, by the Hundred of N. Wife the Sifter of H. Daubeney Earl
of Bridge-
Pederton anciently acknowledging the Bluets to
water, John fecond Earl of this family, who*
have been Lords thereof, who are thought to have
the daughter 0/ George Lord Roos, had
by
brought that Name from Bluet in Little Bri- John
Lord Fitz-warin, who deceasd before his father,
tain.
having by Frances
21. Erik —
Wbjcb openeth it felf mar Caftle-Cary, mas Kitfon of Hengrave, Wjlliam, now third
the daughter of Sir Tho-
which William Lovel Lord thereof held againft
Earl of Bathe.
King Stephen in the behalf of Maud the Em- 95- 35* Shipward - Alias Barftnple.
Crown of England ;
prefs right Inheritrix 'of the 96- 12. Robert Call'd-by the Normans Fitz-Har-
whofe Iffue-male failing in the time of King Ed- ding.
Ward the third, by Heir-female it came to Nicho- King Henry —
14. The fecond.
cholas de St. Maure, a Baron (of a diftincl Fa-
97. 72. Inverted — Sir Edward, &c.
mily from that which was a few Lines before
98. 2. Foot-ball - ( Which never fuffereth fudden Over-
mention d;) andfbortly after, about the time of greainefs to laft long.)
Henry the fifth by an Heir-female, again to the
Lords Zouch of Harringworth ; as a Moiety of
the Lands of Lord Zouch of Atfiby de la Zouch
came before by coheirs to the Houfe of this S. Maures.
WILTSHIRE.
But when the Lord Zouch was attainted by
King Henry thefeventh for affifting King Ri-
99- 71
PART- shire.
W/iich they call North Wilt-
chard the third, this Caflle was given by the
King to Robert Willoughby Lord Brooke, as
lot. H Eaft-Angles -
In Cambridgefhire and Suffolk.
102. 4 Crecklade —
By Marianus.
hs Lands at Bridgewatcr to the Lord Daube-
9 Oxford - Weft from that is Highworth highly
pey ; and then he was reftored in blood. From
fealed, a well-known Market, &c.
Caftle-Cary this water faffeth by Lites-Cary, 4'- Wotton-Baflet -
Having this primitive Name from
to be remember d in refpetl of the late Owner Wood.
I nomas Lyte, a Gentleman ftudiom of all good 107. S. It — Men of great Renown in their Time.
Knowledge, and fa to Somerton. —
10. Petronilla Or Parnel.
76. Father —
Bette.'d this Haven.
Samond - Or truly De
— 32. S. Amando, St. Amand.
25. For, Trivet Stri vet.
Afterward of the Baintons/nvn them.
ibid. Cornwall —
Who founded alfo the Hofpital of St. 10S. 36 Made —
Steward of his Houfe and, &c.
John here, and Durkefwell-^£e)<.
—
110. 23 Lancafter — And fometime to the Earl of Salis-
28. For, De la Fert De la Fort. bury.
3 1 - Lancafter —
As fome Lands hereabout., by another *2- Houfe — In a foul Soil, which, &c.
Sifter, came to Brees, and fo by Cantalupe to «• —
Fire Hath rifen eftfoons more fair.
Lord Zouch. III. — But for
38. Sold remnants of Roman Antiquities,
i> — Where we faw Honifpell an ancient
-lEftuarie
could difamer none here, only on the
I
Manour of the Cogans, Men of great fame in Eaftfide arc
feen fame trenches upon the hills, and on the
the Conqueft of Ireland. Weft
a natural round and high cop'd Hill, called Cky-
37- There — Of the Fitz-James. hill.
10. Ifland — Under a great Hill rifing in great height 49- Hungerford - But in the Church which hath been
with a Tower thereon, which they call the Tor.
Collegiate, there is feen but one defaced
5°- City -- Environ d with a large Wall a mile a- Monument
of them. "The laft Lord Hungerford, created by
bout, and replenifb'd with ftately buildings.
King Henry the eighth,had his Denomination
54- — In the holy Church-yard.
Wallnut-tree
of this place, but enjoyd that Honour a foort
57- Abundance — But that now gone, and is a young while, being condemn d of a Crime not to be
Tree in the place.
utter d.
ibid. Hawthorn- tree — In VJin&l-Park, hard —
by. Ibid. 69. Yanesbury Oppofite to this on the other
3- Antiocheis — Wherein he defcrib'd the Wars of the Water, is another lefs Camp-place fingly ditch'
fide of the

Chriftians for recovery of the Holy-land, d,

and was call d Dunfhat, and about one mile
and a half
there prefent with King Richard the firft fpeaking from Yanesbury, another likewife with a Jingle
of Britain. Trench, call'd Woldsbury. / have noted the
83. 37. Lead — Which lay long at Lambith in the Duke of names, ai the Country-people term them, and
others
Norfolk 's-houfe. may collet! fome Matter thereby more than I
h> 77 River —
Verily near the Church there is a Spring can.
calid St. Andrew x Well, thefaireft, deepeft, and Owners —
And amongft them the Lord Brook,
112: 8.
moft plentiful that I have feen, by and by making who repair d it and dy'd at it.
a fwift Brook. Nobility - And a few miles from theme, is
40. Hin-
Antiquity — And the Cloifters adfoyning very fair don, a quick Market, and known
for nothini elft
and fpacicm. 6 J
I
that I could fie.

Sarisbu-
 ;

in the Text of Mr. Camden.

P.'ige.
11 3-

ii+-
Line.
43- Sarishurii
SI- Soldiers
—
'
And Simsburialia.
Page. Line. ditched about, infome places deeper- than other!
wherein hath been found tokens of Wells, and a-
Againft the Clmrchmen. bout which the Plough-men have found fquare
Mi. Water The Churchmen firft, and then, &c. Stones and Roman Coins, as they report ; for the
1(8. 3 J. Mile Having unhappily (lain Ins <min Son, while place I have not feen.
he trained him at 'Tilting. River Out of the which, Mary daughter to
SI- Edward — Earl of Warwick.
138. 16.
King Stephen being there Abbefs, and his only
6o -
Reflor'd— By Henry the eighth in a full Par- heir Jurviving, was convey dfecretly by Matthew
liament
alum the fifth year of his Reign. of Alface/o;/ to the Earl of Flanders, and to
6 9- Third — Duke of Gloceiler, and Brother to him married. But after fhc had bom to him two
King Edward the fourth. Daughters, was enforced by Sentence of the Church
Edward — Whom
7°-
the 1 7th year of
his

and Richard his Father ufurping the

lisbury,
Vnkle King
his Reign, created
Edward,
Earl of Sa-
in

142. 7. —
to return hither again according to her Vow.

Devotion
tinues yet of greatejl
But among
fame
others
; not fo
St. Swithin
much for
con-
hi,
Kingdom, made, &c. Sanctity, as for the Rain which
up- 39 Place —
Famous is this Clarendon, for that the Feafi of his Tranflation in
uflinlly falls

July,' by
about
reafen
here in the year 16$. was made a certain Re-
1 the Sun then is Cofmically with Prafepe and A-
cognition and Record of the Cufioms and Liberties felli, noted by ancient writers to be -rainy Con-
of tin Kings of England, before the Prelates and fiellations, and not for his weeping, or other weeping
Peers of this Kingdom, for avoiding dijfenfions Saints Margaret the Virgin; and Mary Mag-
hetwecn the Clergy, Judges and Barons of the dalen, whofe Feafls are flnrtly after, as fome
Realm, which were cail'd The ConfHtutions of fuperflitioufiy credulous have believed.
Clarendon. Of which fo many at the Pope
approved, have been fit down in the 'fames of the
144. si. Quincy - —
In thefe words, Azur a dix Maf-
cles D'or en orm d'un Canton de noftre pro-
Councils, the reft omitted ; albeit Thomas Becket pre Armes d' Engleterre, ceil favour, de
then Ardbijbop of Canterbury, and the of Goul un Leopard padant
reft d'or, annfc d'a-
the Bifiops approved them alfo. Hereby is Ivy zur.
Church, fometinie a fmall Priory, where, at 24. For, William Sir William.
Tradition runneth, in our
brance was found a Grave, and
Grandfathers remem- ibid. England —
Earl of Wiltfhirc, and Lord St.
therein a Corps John of Baling.
oj twelve foot, and not far off a flock of wood
hollowed, and the concave lin'd with Lead, with
26. Winchellcr — A Man prudently pliable to times
raifid not fuddenly, but by degrees in Court ;
a Book therein of very thick Parchment, all writ- in
excefftve vaft informant buildings, temperate
ten with Capital Roman Letters. But, it had in all other things ; full of years, for he lived cry
lain jo long, that when the leaves were touched, years; andfruitful in his generation fir he Jaw ;
tl.ey moulder' d to duft. Sir Thomas Eliot who 103 from him by Elizabeth his wife,
iffued
Jaw it, judged it to be an Hiftory. No doubt daughter to Sir William Capel Knight
: And
he that fo carefully laid it up, hoped it fhoud now his Grandchild William enjoys the faid
be found, and difcover fome things memorable to Honours.

126. 2;. Aries

Pofierity.
—I have heard, that in the
55. Bere — Whereby is Wickham, a Man/Ion
of
time of K, _ that ancient Family of Vuedal.
Henry the eighth, there
a Table of Metal, as
was found near
it had been
this place

Tin and Lead

57. Winchefter —
Where the marriage was folemnistfd
between King Henry the fixth, and Margaret
commix d, inferib'd with many Letters, but in fo of Anjou.
flrange a Character, that neither Sir Thomas '47- For, Luke Sir Luke.
•

Eliot nor Mr. Lily School-mafler of St. Paul'x, For, William Sir William.,

could read it, and therefore neglelled it. Had it Market By it Fremantle, in a Park where
i;o. .

been preferv'd, fomewhat happily might have been King John much hunted.
difcovered as concerning Stone-henge, which now
lieth obfeured.
—— B A RK S H I R E.
127. 4V Land-marks Within one mile of Selbury is
Albury, an uplandifh Village built in an oldCamp, "DOrtugal .And Widow
162. 10. to Gilbert Lord
as it feemeth, but of no large Compafs, for it is If Talbot.
environed with a fair Trench, and hath four Gaps 23. L^ifle By King Henry the fixth.
or Gates, in two of which fland huge Stones as 26. L'jfle . By a Patent, without any fitch regard.
jambs, but fo rude, that they feem rather natu- 47. Northum berland In the time of King Edward
ral than artificial, of which fort there are fome the fixth.
other in the faid Village. Attainted By Queen Mary.
128. 69. Runs —
Eaflward.
49.
L'ifle Who
130. a8. Is — Not long fince the Seat of the Darels.
52.
Thomas
ended his Life iffuelefs-

32. Before — And hereby runneth the limit between

164. 53.
58.
For,
Pembroke
. Sir Thomas.
But Queen Elizabeth gave it to
tins Shire and Berk/hire. John Baptifia Caltilion, a Piemontefe,
of her
Privy Chamber for faithful Service in her
Dan-
HA MSH I R E. gers.

165. l-,.
Henry -With his Wife both veiled and crown d,
35- 47-
BA Y As more
are the two Caflles of St.
inwardly, on the other fide,
Andrew and Net-
for
Nun.
that fhe had been a Queen and profeffed

ley. 170. 40. Belongs. Hereby faUeth Ladden, a fmall wa-

14. Second And afterward King Henry the fixth ter, into the Thames.
granted to the Mayor, Bailiffs and Burgeffes, 43- Dug-up And next to it Billingsbere, the in-
that it fhoud be a County by it felf, with other habitation of Sir Henry Nevil, iffued from the
Liberties. Lords Abergevenny.
66. It —— From thence it runneth down, and receives 50. Montacutes And amongft them the firfi Earl
from Eaft a Brook puffing by Bullingdon, in
the of Salisbury of this Family founded a Priory,
whofe Parifi) is a place cail'd Tilbury-hill, and wherein, fome fay, he was buried. Certes his '
contains a fquare Field, by eftimation ten acres Wife, the daughter of the Lord Grandifon, was
buried
 .

Dr. HOLLAND'S Infertions

Page, Line. buried there, and in the Infcription of his Tomb Page. Lire. ried in the Houfe of Lancafter (after his Father
it ixia6 fpecified, was defended
that her Father was wickedly beheaded for fiding with his Sove-
out of Burgundy, Coufin-german to the Emperor reign King Edward the fecond, by the malignant

of Conftantinople, the King of Hungary, and Envy of the Queen) was both Earl of Arundel
Duke of Bavaria, and brought into England by and Surrey, and left both Earldoms to Richard
Edmund Earl of Lancafter. his Son, who contrary-wife loft his head for fiding

170- Scfut healing ton

<,9- Afterwards, Maidcnhith. again(I his Sovereign King Richard the fecond.
171. 65. Fourth And Sir Reginald Bray. But Thomas his Son, to repair his Fathers Dif-
173- "• For, William Paynell Sir Walter Paveley. honour, loft his life for his Prince and Country
in France, leaving his Sifters his Heirs for the
Lands not entailed, who were married to Tho-
SUTH-REY, mas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, &c. to Sir
Rowland Lenthall, and Sir William Beau-
lSl * 2? '

l\/1
ONKS Commonly called White- champe, Lord of Abergavenny.
V Monks, which Abbey a
«L J, being Grand-child, 194. 49. Time -After the Execution of Richard Earl
(as they term'd it) from Cifterce in Burgundy. of Arundel.
was fo fruitful here in England, that it was 69. Surry And Richard fecond Son of King 'Ed-
Mother to the Abbeys q/Gerondon, Ford, Tame, ward the fourth, having married the Heir of
Cumb ; and Grandmother to Bordefley, Bidlel- Mowbray, receivd all the titles due to the
don, Bruer, Bindon, and Duukefwell. For Mowbrays by creation from his Father. Af-
fo Religions Orders were wont to keep in pedigree- terward, King Richard the third, having dif-
manner the Propagation of their Order, as a De- patch'd the faid Richard, <&c.

duction of Colonies out of them.

182. ^7. Knights Better'd by an heir of T. Camel. SUTH-SEX.
ibiil. Seat Where King Henry the feventh repaired
and enlarg'd the Manour-houfe, being the inheri- 195. 38. TJ Ocks And the South-weft wind doth ty-
tance of the Lady Margaret Countefs of Rich- _£\ ranniz.e thereon, cafting up Beach infinitely.
mond, his Mother, who liv'd there in her later 198. 48. Domine Neither he only adorned the Lord's
time. Newark fometime a fmall Priory envi- Houfc, but repaired alfo the Biftnp's Houjes,
roned with divided flreams. 5 3- Cafile Near the Haven of Chichefter is W.
.

•59-

6-7-
Clinton
Place — As of
Ripley a Ringleader
And Admiral
the next
of England.
Village
of
Ripley,
our Akhimijh,
G. de
and a
Wkering, where
Church
dom of
( as the
JElfo the firft founder of the King-
te(iifie)

Suth-fex arrived.
Monuments of the

mvftical Impoftor. 199. 20. Young But now it is moft famous for good
185. 36. porj Thomas Sir Thomas. Cockles and full Lobfters.

186.
39*
ult.
For, Anthony
Nottingham
nals.
— Sir
Of whom
Anthony.
more in my An-
201. 43.

50.
_A. ru ndeI

Fitz-AIans —
By virtue of an Email.
Edmund, fecond Earl, Son to
Richard, marry d the heir of the Earl of Sur-
187. 21. Current By Stoke-Dabernoun, fo named of] rey, and was beheaded through the malicious fury
the ancient Pojfejjors the Dabcrnouns, Gentlemen of Queen Iiabel, not lawfully convi'cled ; for
that he oppOi'd himfelf in King Edward the fe-
°f S'' eat mte Afterwards, by
- inheritance from
them the pofefjiou of the Lord Bray. And by cond''s behalf againft her wicked practices. His
Aliher, fometimes a Retiring-place belongi Son Richard petition d in Parliament to be re-

39.
the
Inaugurated —
Bipops of Winchefter.
Upon an open Stage in the Mar-
ftord to blood, lands and goods, for that his father
was put to death not try'd by his Peers, according

150. (4-
65-
ket-place-
Firfl
Surrey
— For Black-Canons.
In the ye&r 1127, which was famous
to the
•verthelefs,
Law

firm' d by Parliament, he
and Great Charter of England. Ne-
whereas the Attainder of him was con-
was fond to amend his
for the Statute of Merton, enabled in the 21ft Petition ; and upon the amendment thereof, he
ofHenry the eighth and alfo for Walter de ; 4 Edw. III. was reftor'd by the King's meer grace. Richard
Merton, founder of Mer ton-Col lege in Ox- his Son, as his grandfather died for his Sovereign,
ford, born and bred here. loft his life for banding againft his Sovereign King
191. 26. Br,}. Sir James. Richard the fecond. But Thomas his Son more
28, Hoo And Haflings. To digrefs a little from honourably ended his life, ferving King Henry the
the river: Eaftwardfrom Croydon ftandeth Ad- fifth valoroufly in France, and leaving his Sifters

dington, now the habitation of Sir Olift Leigh, his heirs general. Sir John of Arundel Lord
whereby is to befeen the ruble of a of Sir Cafile Malt ravers, his next Coufin and Heir Male, ob-
Robert Agvilon, and from him of the Lords tain d of King Henry the fixtb, the Earldom of
Bardolph, who held certain Lands here in fee by Arundel, as we even now declared ( See before
Serjeanty to find in the King's Khchin at the the Earls of Surrey) and alfo was by the faid
Coronation one to make a dainty Difl) which they King for his good Service created Duke of Tou-
called Mapigernqun & Dilgerunt. What raine. Of the fuaeeding Earls I find nothing
that was, I leave to the skilful in ancient memorable.
Cookery. 204. 4. Montacute Which muchfor building oweth

192* 32. Wandleiworth >

Between Putney, the native to the late Vifcount, and formerly to Sir William

Soil of Thomas Cromwell, one of theflowting Fitz-Williams, Earl of Southampton.

Stocks of Fortune. ibid. Midherft "That is Middle-wood.

193. ft. Of Humphrey Duke. 56. —

Arun — Inwardly is Michelgrove, that is, Great
-

194. 11. Surrey —— Who had married his Sifter. Grove, the Heir-general whereof fo firnamed,
2I Son And married the Daughter of Hugh Earl was married to John Shelley, whereby with the

of Vermandois ; whereupon his Poflerity (as Profeff.on of the Law, and a marriage with one
fome fappofe ) ufed the Arms of Vermandois. of the Coheirs of Beknap, the family of Shelley
His Son William dying in the Holy Land about was greatly enriched.
1142. 205. 29. Thence Upon a Statute made againft Wo-
32. John ——
Wloo flew Alan de la Zouch, in pre- men abfenting themfehes from their H:;d>ands,
fence of the fudges of the Realm. &c.
45, Arundels —— For Richard their Son, who mar-\ Stening-
 d

iri tbe Text of Mr. C AMD en.

Line. Page. Line. large, fair, uniform and convenient houfe kerii

57- Stenihgham —
fa latter times it had a Cell ofBlack .

—
Caflle-like within a deep Moat.
Monks, wherein was enjbrined St. Cudman an
208. 43. Dacre And to have precedence before the Lord

*7-
obfcure Saint, and vifited by Pilgrims -with Ob-
lations.

Knighthood — Thence by Cuckfeild to Linfeld,

'44- Time —
Dacre of Gileiland heir-male of

being enrich'd by
The heirs lineally

one of the heirs

the

defending from
Family.

of the
him
Lord
where-, in former Ages, was a fmall Nunnery ; Fitz-Hugh.
and jo by Mailing fometime a Manour apper- 4 15 - Dacre ——
Son to the unfortunate Thomas Lord
taining to the Archbifbops of Canterbury.
Dacre.
2 3- County —Seated it is upon a rifing almofl on 49- Civility And by her hath fair iffue. In whofe
every f.de. That it hath been walled, there are no behalf it was publifhed, declared and adjudged by
apparent tokens. Southward it hath under it, as the Lords Commiffioners for Martial Caujes, in

it were, a great Suburb, called South-over ;

tbe fecond year of the Reign of King James, with

another weflward, and beyond the River a third

his privity and ajfent Royal, That the jaid Mar-
called Cliffe, becaufe it is under a Chalky garet ought to bear, have, and enjoy, the name,
eaflward
In the time of the Engliflo-Saxon Govern-
fate, degree, title, flile, honour, place, and pre-
Cliff.
ment, when King Athelftan made a Law-, that
cedency 0} the Barony of Dacre ; to have and to
hold, her, and the iffue of her body in as full
Money fhoud not be coined but in good Towns,
to

appointed two Minters or Coiners for this and ample nlanner, at any of her Anceflors enjoy'
he
Place.
the fame. And that her Children may and fliall
have, take, and enjoy the place and precedence re-
16. Hands From Lewis, the river as it defcendeth,

that the bottom cannot contain it, and fpe'clively, as the Children of her Anceflors Barons
jo fwelletb,
maketh a large Mere, and is fed more Dacre have formerly had and enfoy'd.
therefore
Brocket falling from Laughton, a $3. Return About three miles from Pevenfey, is
full with a
Beckes-hill, a place much frequented by St. Ri-
Seat of the Pel hams ( a Family of ejpecial re-
tongue, chard of Chichefter, and where he died.
Bifl)op
fpelV) by Gline, that is, in the Britifh
Under this is Bulverhith in an open flliore, with
the Vale, the habitation of the Morleys, whofe
Antiquity the name doth tefiify. And afterward, a roof/ejs Church, not fo named of a Bull's Hide,
•which, cut into Thongs by William the Conqueror,
albeit it gather eth it felf into a chanel, yet often-
low Lands about it, to no reached to Battaile (as the fable) for it had that
times it overflowed the
name before his coming. But here he arriv'd,
fmall detriment.
—— Which no commodiom die.
%£• Cuckmer yet affordeth
jed with a Frefh which in-
61. Victory — After two days marched
to Haftings.
haven, though it be

fulateth Michelham, where Gilbert de

Aquila 62. Haftings — Then an hill near Nenfield, now
to

And then call'd Standard-Hill, becaufe (as they fay) he there

founded a Priory for Black-Canons.
the Shore arifeth into fo high a pitched his Standard, and from thence two miles
at Eaft-bourn
Beach, Beachy-Points further, where in a Plain, &c.
Promontory,
and Beau-Cliff (for
called of the
the fair ftew being inter- 209. iS. Victory —
And therein he offer d his Sword and
Royal Robe which he ware the day of his Coro-
changeably compounded with rows of Chalk and
nation. Thefe the Munks kept until their fluppref-
Flint) that it is efieemd the highefl Cliff of all
the South-coaft of England. As hitherto from fion, as alfo a Table of the Normans Gentry whhb
entred with the Conqueror but fo corruptly
Arundel and beyond, the Countrey along the in
',

mounteth up into high later times, that they inferted therein the names of
Caft, for a great breadth,
hills' called the Downes, winch for rich fertility fuch as were their Benefa&ors, and whofoever the

gjveth place to jew Valleys and Plains fo now it ;

favour of Fortune or Virtue had advane'd to any
a low Level and Marfh, that eminenq in the fubfequent ages.
faUetb into fuch
the People think it hath been overflowed by the 210. 13. Kent — The tradition is, That the old Town of
They call it Pevenfey-Marfh, of Peven- Haftings is flwaliowed up of the Sea. That which
Sea.
flandeth now, as I obfervd, is couched between a
fey.
And then had fix Bmgeffes, high Cliff Sea-ward, and as high an Hill land-
44. Conqueror fifty _

Son William Earl ward, having two Streets extended in length from
After the Attainder of his
to King Henry the flrfl North to South ; and in each of them a Parifh-
of Moriton, it came
In the compofition between Stephen Church. The Haven, fuch as it is, being fed
by Efcheat.
and King Henry the fecond, both Town and Ca- but with a poor fmall Rill, is at the fouth end

with whatfoever Richard de Aquila had of of the Town, and bath had a great Caflle upon
ftle,
Pevenfey, which after his name the hill, which over-commanded it : now there are
the honour of
wot called Honor de Aquila and Baronk de and on
only ruins thereof, the faid hill Light-

Aquila, or of the Eagle, was affigned to William houfes to direfi Sailors in the night-time.

Son to King Stephen. But he furrender'd it, 4°- Day — Thus Haftings flouriflod long, inhabited
with a warlike People and skilful Sailors, well
with Norwich, into King Henry thejecond's
bands, in the year 115S. when he reftord
to him fiord with Barks and Craies, and gained much
Stephen was feijed of before By fifhing, which is plentiful along the (fiore. But
all fuch Lands as

he ufurped the Crown of England,

after that the Peer made of Timber was at length
a. It — Which had fallen to the Crown by Efcheat •violently carry
3
d away by extream -rage of the Sea %
hath decaf d, and the fifhing
Aquila- had faffed into it ufed by the
for that Gilbert de
lefs

Normandy, againfl the Kings goodwill, to Peter reafon of the dangerous landing
; for they are
Savoy the Queens Uncle. But he, fear- enforced to work their Vejfels to land by a Cap-
Earl of
flail or Crain. In which refpell, for the bettering
ing the envy of the Englifh againfl Foreigners.
relinquiftfd # to the King,
and fa at length it of the Town, Queen Elizabeth granted a Con-
tribution toward the making of a new Harbour,
came to the Dutchy of Lancafter.
3 fi, Boloigne About the time of King Edward the which was begun, but the Contribution was quickly
converted into private purfes, and
fecond, Sir John Ficnes married the heir of the publick
good neglet'ied. Nevertheless,
Monceaux, his Son William married one of the both Court, the
his Son likewife the heir Country, and City of London isferved with much
heirs of the Lord Say,
Roger Fienes mar- Fifb from thence.
of Balistbrd, whofe Son Sir
> led the daughter of Holland, and in the firfl
year of King Hi'nry the fixth, built of Brick the ip] AHegi-
 Dr. HOLLJND's Infertions
Page. Line. Linc Ravensburne,
-
firfl limit of this Shire a fmatl
210. 49. Allegiance — When King Henry the third bad water, and of fl)ort courfe, which rifeth in Kefton-
feizfd their Lands into his hands, he granted the heath hard under the pitching of an ancient Camp,
Rape of Haftings firfl to Peter Earl of Savoy, height
flrange for the as double rampires,and
then to Prime Edward his Son, and after> upon
depth as double Ditches, of all that 1 have feen :
his furrender, to John, Son to the Duke of Lit-
doubtlefs the work of many labouring hands.
tle Britain, upon certain exchanges of Lands per-
Of
what capacity it was, I could not difcover, for
taining to the Honour of Richmond, which Pe- that the greateft part thereof is now feveral, and
ter Earl of Savoy had made over for the ufe of overgrown with a thicket ; but verily great it
the Prince. Long tune after, when the Dukes of was, as may be gather d by that which is apparent.
Britain had loft their Lands in England for ad- We may probably conje'chire that it was a Roman
hering to the French King, King Henry the Camp but I might feem to rove, if I jhould
;

fourth gave the Rape of Haftings, with the Ma- think it that Camp which Julius Gefar pitch'd
nourof Crowherft, Burgwafh, &c. to Sir }o\m when the Britains gave him the lafi battel with
Pelham the elder, upon whofe loyalty, wifdom and their^ whole Forces ; and then having bad fuccefs,
valour he much relied. retird themjelves, and gave him leave to
— march
32, Sudden And now only beareth the countenance of to the Thames-fide. And yet certes Kcfton the
a fair Toivn, and hath under it in the level, name of the place feemeth to retain
3 a parcel of
which the Sea relinquifl)ed, a Caftle fortify d by Ksfar'j name ; for fo the Britains ca&'d him,
Henry the eighth, and large Marfhes defended and not Cxfar, as we do. As for the other
final
from Sea-rages with Works very chargeable. Intrenchment not far off by W. Wickham,
ii5. Normandy — Tet now it beginnetb to complain that
it
was cafi in frefh memory, when old Sir Chrillo-
the Sea abandoneth it (fuck is the variable and in- pher Heydon, a man then of great command
in
terchangeable courfe of that Element) and in part thefe parts, trainedthe Country-People.
imputeth it, that the River Rother is not contain d
This wa-
ter having paffed by Bromeley, a
Manfton-houfe
in his Channel, and fo loefeth it's force to carry a-
of the Bifhops of Rochester , -when ;t hath %a _
way the Sands and Beach which the Sea doth inbear thered flrength the depth of his Ford giveth
into the haven : Notwithflanding, it hat)> many name to Depeford.
Fifloing-Veffels,and ferveth London and the 74- Sticks — And to the memory of this St. Ealpheg
Court with variety of Sea-fifh. is the Parifh-Church hen* confecrated.
24. Ripa —
T'hefe two Towns {neither may it feem im- 1. Tower ~ Famom in Spav.ifh Fables.
pertinent to note it) belong'd to the Abbey of Fef- 4. Meadows - To the City of London, and '

the Coun-
campe in Normandy. But when King Henry try round about.
the third perceiv'd that Religiom Men intermingled 8- Northampton — Lord Privy-Seal, Sec.
fecretly in matters of State, he gave them in ex- 28, Poor - And, as the prying Adversaries'
of our Re-
change for thefe two, Chiltenham and Sclover, ligion then obfertfd, was the firfl Proteftant that
two Manottrs in Glouceflerfhire, and other built an Hofpital.
Lands ; adding for the reafon, that the Abbots 40. Kings - But unwholfomly, by reafon
of the Moat
and Monks might not lawfully fight with tempo- 50. Done 3
-- Butdefp a dhimofA\n
ral Arms againfi the enemies of the Crown.
w kk-Caftk,thiSj
and other fair Lands.
76. Foreft — And not far off Eaft-Grenfted, ancient- 57- Stream - Which the Canons of Liefnefs
adioynim
ly a Parcel of the Barony of Eagle, and made a kept jweet and found Land in
their times. This
Market by King Henry thefeventb. Abbey was founded n
19 by Lord Richard Lu-
1. Sackvil —
Her Allie by the Bullens. cy Chief Juftice of England, and by him
,

6. Foreft —
Where I faw Eridge, a Lodge of cated to God, mid the memory
dedi-
of Thomas of
the Lord Abergavenny, and by it craggy Rocks Canterbury, whom he fo admired
for his Piety-
rifing up fo thick, as though fporting Na- while others condemn'd him for Pervicacy
againfi
ture had there purpofed a Sea. Hereby, in the his Prince; as he became
here a devoted Canon
very confines of Kent is Groomebridgc, an ha- to him.
bitation of the Wallers, whofe Houfe there was 45- Height ~
Now cm down, which commendeth Sir
built by Charles Duke of Orleans, father to William Sevenok, an Alderman
of London ;
King Lewis the 12th of France, when he, be. who being a Foundling, and brought up here,
in the Battle of Agincourt and
taken Prifoner by therefore fonamed, built here, in
grateful re-
Richard Waller of this place, was here a membrance, an Hofpital and a School.
On the
time detained Prifoner.
of it (landeth Knoll,
eaft-fide called for that >
it u jeated upon a Hill, which Thomas
Bour-
MlIb '°}"^erbury, fiurchafing
KENT. t*\hS S
Sir William Fienes, Lord Say
and Seflef a-
of

dom d with a fair Houfe ; and now

lately Tho-
27. ~T/" ENT — Extendeth it felf in length from mas-.Earl of Dorfet, Lord treafur^r,
bath fur-
J\_ Weft to Eaft fifty miles, and from South to btjbd, and beautified the old Work with ww
North twenty-fix. chargeable Additaments.
52. Towns — And well-peopled. 15. Name - But now of Sir Percival Hart,
55. Waters — At a word, the Revenues of the Inhabi- from one of the Coheirs of the Lord Bray
defended

tants are greater both by the Fertility of the Soil, 23. Market - Where Edward the third built a
King
and alfo by the neighbourhood of a great City, of Nunnery, which King Henry the eighth
converted
a great River, and the Main Sea. mto a Houje for himfelf and his
iS. Them —And reprefenting afar off a moving 29 . Crecce - Anciently call'd
Creccan ; when in his
Succeffors

Wood. port courfe he hath imparted

his name to
24* Which — By which they are not fo bound by Copy- Townlets, which he watereth, as
five
St. Mary-Crey
hold, Cuflomary Tenures, or Tenant-right, as in PaulVCrey, VoteVCrey, North-Crev, and
other parts of England ; hut in a manner every Crey-Ford.
Man is a Free-holder, and hath fame part of his 4°- Elfe ~ Yet a?nongfl them
is *
Swanfcomb (of which
own to live upon.
I have heretofore fyoken )of honourable Memory
77. Admiral — A Chancellor and, &c. among the Keutifb-imn, for obtaining there the
5. Above — Doth ttyre admit into his Chanel into the continuance of their ancient FranclTfes. After-
wards
 .

in the Text of Mr. Camden.

Line, -wards it was by the Montceufies. Page.
well known
Men Owners thereof, who had 226.
of great Nobility, the 72. Medway -- Having receiv'd a Rivulet, that lofeth

their Barony hereabouts. [*' Li the Margin. Sw'anf- it felf under-ground, and rifeth again at Loofe 3

comb,' i. e. K. Swane'j Camp.] ferving thirteen Fulling-mills.

j°* Graves-end -- ill called (m Mr. Lambard is my 227. 16. Town —
For the fair Stone-bridge, it hath been be-
Author ) at the Gereves-end, i. e. the limit of holding to the Archbijhops of Canterbury. Among
the Gereve or Reve. whom, to grace this place oj the confluence of wa-
5*' England -- For the ufual paffage by water between ters, Boniface of Savoy built a fmall College.

it and London, fince the Abbot of Grace by the 23. Iflip — And between them, which it ftandeth in

Tower of London, to which it appertained, ob- flight, William Courtney ereiled a fair Colle-
tained of King Richard the fecond, that the Inha- giate Church, in which he fo great a Prelate, and
bitants of it and Milton only fbou'd transport Jo high born, lietb lowly entomb' d.

Paffengers from theme to London. 48. County — And it hath been endow d with fiindry

•i3- Eighth — When he fortified the Sea-Coafls. Privileges by King Edward the fixth, incorpora-
ibid. Ri Ver — Beyond Gravefend is Shorn, held anci- ted by the name of Mayor and ^urates ; all which,
ently by Sir Roger Northwood, by Service to infhort time, they loft by favouring Rebels. But
Inq. 3
,
Edro.
cany with others the King's Tenants a white Queen Elizabeth amply nftor'd them, &c.
111. own Charges, when the 229. 57. For, Edward -- Sir Edward.
Enfign forty days at his
King warred in Scotland. 61. Merlay — Here under is Ulcomb, anciently

62. For, John ~ Sir John Oldcaflle. a Manfion of the Family De SantSo Lcode-
1. Wholibm — At the entry hereof Cowling-caftle, is gario, commonly called Sentlegcr #K^Seliinger;

built by John Lord Cobham in a Moorifi and Motinden, where Sir R. Rockelley defen-
ground- ded from Kriol and Crevecer built a houfe, who
$i. Small— h receiveth the Eden. held Lands at Seaton by Strfeanty to be Van-
ibid. Pens-hurft —
The Scat anciently ( as it feemeth by trarius Regis, when the King goeth into Gaf-
the name) of Sir Srephen de Penherft, who was Fin.Mich. coin, donee perufus fuerit pari folutarum. pre-

alfo called de Pen&efter, a famom Warden of

11Eiw. II. tii 4d. which, as they that underft and Law- Lor
tin (for I do not) tranflate, that he lhould be
the Cinque-Ports.
Was — Sir Henry Sidney. the King's fore- footman, until he had worn
63. For, Philip - Sir Philip. out a pair of ShooeS prized 4 d.
Medway — Branching felf it into five Streamlets, 2->o. 27. Houfe —
Now decay d ; whofe Son Sir Thomas
with as many Stone-bridges, and thereof enrich'd by an heir of Sir T. Haut, propofmg
is joy'ned

giveth the name of Tunbridge to the Town there to himfelf great hopes upon fair pretences, pitifully
the Town of Bridges. Tins, about overthrew himfelf and his State.
fituate, as
King William Rufus'j time, Richard Son of 4S. Where — Under the fide of a .Hill but notfo

Count Gilbert, Grandchild to Godfrey Earl of artificially with mortis and tenents.

Ewe and Lord of Briony, &c, 53- Houfe — In Ailstbrd it felf, for the Religions

England — Shortly after, he built here a fair largt Houfe of the Carmelites founded by Richard Lord
Caflle, fenced with the river, a deep ditch, and Grey Codnor in the time of King Henry the
of
And albeit it is now ruinous, and the third, is now feen a fair habitation of Sir Wil-
(Iron" Walls.
Keep attir'd with Ivy, yet it manifeftly fieweth liam Siddey a learned Knight, painfully and ex-
what it was. pencefully fludiom of the common good of his Conn-
23. Glocefter —
Andfimamd de Clare (for that they try, as both his endow 'd Houfe for the poor, and

were Lords of Clare m Suffolk ) built here a the Bridge here, with the conunon •voice do plenti-

Priory for Canons of St. Auftin's Order, founded fully tefiifie.

the Parifi-Churcb, which was impropriated to the 23 1 2. Burgundy — Medway having wound himfelf high-
Knights of St. John of Jcrufalem, and compounded er, from the eaft receiveth a Brook fpringing near
about the Tenure of the Manour, for which there Wrotham or Wircham,
fo named for plenty of
had been long fait. Worts, where the Archbifhops had a Palace until
2S. Children — From thofe Clares Earls of Gloce- Simon Iflip pull'd it down, Icaveth Mailing,

fler, it came by an heir general to Sir Hugh which grew to be a Town after Gundulph B'fiop
Audley Earl of Glocefter? and by his only of Rochefter had there founded an Abbey of
daughter to the Earls of Stafford, who were af- Nuns, and watereth Leibourn, which bath a Ca-
terward Dukes of Buckingham ; and from them, fllefometime the Seat of a Family thereof fir-

by attainder, to the Crown. It hath in latter ages named, out of which Sir Roger Leibourn was
been beholden to Sir Andrew Jude of London a great Agent in the Barons Wars, and William
Wilford for was a Parliamentary Baron in the time of King
for a fair Free-School, and to John
a Caufey toward London. Three miles direBly Edward the firft.

fouthfrom hence, in the very limit of SulTex, and 4- Birling — Now the habitation of the Lord Aber-
near Frant, I fav) in a white fandy ground di- geveny.
vers vafty, craggy fiones of flrange forms, where- 35. EncompafsM — With a marfh, river, Sec.

of two of the greatefl fland fo clofe

together, and 56. Gundulphus — A Norman.
yet fevered with jo /height a line, as you would 7°> Rufus — At which time there paffed a Proclamation
had been fawed afunder : and Nature,
think they thro England, That whofoever would not be re-

when fie reared thefe, might feem fportingly to puted a Niding, fiould repair to recover Roche-
have thought of a Sea. iket-Cafile : whereupon the youth fearing that

52- Forward — From Tunbridge, Medway faffeth name, mofl reproachful and opprobriom in that
by Haudelo, from whence came that John Hau- Age, fwarm'd thither in jitcb numbers, that Odo
delo, who happily marrying the heir of the Lord was enforced to yield the place.
Burnell, had iffue by her a Son, who was called 232. 2. For, Robert — Sir Robert.
"Nicholas, fummond to Parliament among the 20. Montefort — Earl of Leicefter.
Barons, by the name of Burnell. Then Med- 26. Cobham — Which was after repair d. But, in
the time of King Richard the fecond, Sir Ro-
way, emreafed with another Water calfd Twill,
which twifleth about and infulateth a large Plot bert, &c.

of good ground, runneth on not far from Mere-

28- Honour — At the end of the faid Bridge, Sir John
worth, 0"c Cobham, who much further the Work, erecled '

'

a Chapel (for our Elders bhilt no notable bridge

without
 ;

Dr. HOLLAND'* Infertions

without a Chapel) ) upon which, befides the Arms Page. Line, chfe the Entries. But yet the Romans forcd an
of Saints, are feen the Arms of the King and his entry, drave them out, and thereabout encamped.
three Uncles then living. And long after, Archbi- The place of Camp, as I hear, is near Hardes, a
fi'op Warham, copied a great part of the /aid place of ancient Gentlemen of that fimame, def-
Bridge with iron-bars. ended from Eftengrave, Herenged, and tlie

232. «• Dock — At Gillingham and Chetham. Fitz-Bernards.

Bank -- At Upnore. 244. jo. Government — Here alfo landed Lewis c/France,
233- Si- For, Edward — Sir Edward. who, called in by the tumultuom. Barons of Eng-
59- — Sir Philip.
For, Philip land againfl King John, publiflted, by their in-
234. 62. Neighbourhood — With his nevj Major and Cot ftigation, a pretended right to the Crown of Eng-
poration which, as fane write, wm fo land. For that whereas King John for his no-
called for that Hengift built it by a meafure oj torious Treafon againfl King Richard his brother,
thongs cut out of a Beafl's hide, when Vorti- abfent in the Holy Land, was by his Peers law-
gern gave fo much Land to fortify upon, he m fully condemned ; and therefore after the death of
could encompafs with a Beajl's hide cut into thongs. King Richard, the Right of the Crown was de-
Since the Conqucfl, &c. volved to the Qjieen of Caftile, Jifler to the faid
Seditious — Sir Bartholomew Lord Badilfmere. King Richard ; and that fbe and her heirs had
—
Had Sir Giles Lord Badiifmere. convey d over their right to the faid Lewis and
Of -- Sir John. his wife her daughter. Alfo that King John had
Noblemen — Thenfaw /Tenham, not commended forfeited his Kingdom both by the murther of his
for Health, but the Parent as it were of all the Nephew Arthur, whereof he was found guilty by
choice Fruit-gardens and Orchards of Kent, and his Peers in France ; and alfo by fubfeUing his

the moft large and delightfome of them all, plan- Kingdoms, which were always free, to the Pope,
ted in the time of King Henry the eighth by as much as in him lay, contrary to his Oath a?
Richard Harris his Fruiterer, to the publkk his Coronation, and that without the confentcfthe
good ; for thirty Parifhes thereabout are repleni- Peers of the Realm, Sec. Wtich I leave to Hi-
shed with Cherry-gardens, and Orchards beauti- ftorians, with the fuccefs of his Expedition, left I
fully difpofed in diretl lines. might feem to digrefs extraordinarily.
— Who had —
236.

237.
Show
as the Lord
Deriv'd —
the Command then of nine ports,
Warden hath now of five Ports.
From the Salt favoury Oyfters there
246. 19. Tower
Bricks — Of rough
traB of time,
mightily ftrengthened

fo that the cement is as hard as the flone. Over

Flint, and
by
long Britain

dredged. the entry whereof is fixed a head of a perfonage

Of -- Euftace. engraven in flone ; fame fay it was Qjieen Ber-
Miracles — As how the blind by drinking thereof re- tha' head, but I take it to be a Roman work.
j-

covered fight, the dumb their Speech, the deaftheh 5 4. Sort —

In ancient times it fundry times felt the fu-
Hearing, the lame their Limbs. And how c riom Forces of the Danes. Afterward, King
li oman poffejs d of the Devil, fipping thereof Kanutus the Dane, when he had gained the
'vomited two loads ; which immediately were Crown of England, beflowd it upon Chrifl'j-
firfl transformed into huge black Dogs and again Church in Canterbury, with the Royalty of the
into AJJes. And much more no lefs flrange than water on each fide, f> far forth as a Ship being
ridiculous, which fame in that age as eafily he- a-fioat a Man might cafl a Danifti Hatchet out
liev'd, as others falfely forgd. Theme, f/jeStour of the Veffel to the bank. In theNorman Reign
leaving Eaft-well, the inhabitation of the Family it was reckon d one of the Cinque Ports, and to
.of the worflnpfd of it felf, and by
Finches, find five Ships. In the year 12 17. Lewis of
defcent from Philip Belknap and Peoplefham France, whom we fpake lately,
of burned it.

goeth on to Chilham, &c. King Edward the firfl for a time placed here
Scotland ~ Afterward, of Sir Alexander Baliol, the Staple ; and King Edward the third by ex-
who was called to Parliament by the name of Lord change re-united About which
it to the Crown.

of Chilham. a Family firnamed de

time there fiourifhed here
238. 6. To — Sir Bartholomew. Sandwico, which had matched with one of the
239. 4- Says —
Four hundred years fince. Heirs of Creveceur and D'Auranches Lord of
I3> Auitin -- 'the Apoflle, as they called him. Folkelton, and deferved well of this place. In
242. «* Sturemouth —
Which it hath now forfaken a mile the time of King Henry the fixth it was burned

and more, yet left and bequeathed his name to it. by the French. In our days, Sir Roger Man-
Inq. 2 &<W, wood, Chief Baron
But now by Scoure-mouth runneth a Brook, which of the Exchequer, a Native
HI.
iffuing out of St. Eadburgh'j WeU at Liming, of built and endowed here a Free-
this place,

(where the daughter to King Ethelbert, firfl of School and the Netherlander^ have better d the
;

our Nation took the Veil) while it feeketh the Sea, Town by making and trading of Baies and other
feetb Elham a of which I have
Market-town* Commodities.
read nothing, but that the Manour was the inhe- 247. 27. And — Deale and VValmar three neighbour-Ca-
ritance of Julian Leibourn,a Lady of great ftles.

honour in who was mother of Lau-

her time, 245. 33. Hiftory — But a Topography.
rence Haftings firfl Earl of Pembroke of that 249. 44. Been — Then and many years after, before the In-
fimame, and after wife to William Clinton Earl vention of great Ordnance, out of Engines called

of Huntington. 'Then it holdeth his courfe by di- Baliifta;, like huge Crofs-bows, bent by force of
vers Villages, which thereof receive the addition two or four men.
of Bourn, as Bifhops-Bourn, Hawles-bourn, V>- When — Sir Hubert.
Patricks-bourn, and Beakes-bourn. 'This Bourn 250. 8. Cities -- And Forts ; and could not get this, being

is that river Stoure, as Cxfar calleth it ( as I manfuUy defended by the faid Sir Hubert de
have obfervd travelling lately in thefe parts ) Burgh.
which Caefar came unto, when he had marched by 33. Labour — And Sixty three thoufand Pounds Char-
night almofi twelve Italian milesfrom the Sea-coafl, ges.

and where he had the firfl encounter-, in his fecond 251. Field — If it be not raifed with winds and coun-
expedition into Britain, with the Britains, whom ter-Seas.
he drave into the woods, wherethey had a place 253. .
Deep — But within half a League to the South-
fortified and mens labour, with a
both by nature ward is
i 27 Fathom deep, and to the northward
number of Trees hewen down, and plajbed to fore-. twenty five.
Hitto-
 in the Text of Mr. Camdeni
Page. Line Page. Line. home. To be brief, from the faid Sir John are
354- 29. Hiftories — Infomuth that certain Lands ivere held iffued by Females immediately the Darels o/Cale-
in Copcrland near Dover, by Se-rvice to hold hill, Gages, Brownes of Eeechworth, Wal-
the Kings head between Dover and Whitfand finghams, Cromers, Ifaacs, and IfeleieS, Fa-
3

whenfoever he crojs'd the Sea there, and, &c. milies ofprims and principal note in thefe parts.
-55- 8. Memory — And that Victory Jo gloriom. But now I digrefs, and therefore crave par-
19. Dover — Leaving the little Abbey of Bradfole de- don.
dicated to St. Radegund, whereof Hugh the i« Kingdom — Thm much of Kent ; which (to con-
firfl Abbot was Founder. clude fummarily) hath this part loft fpoken of

23. Coins — And Britifh Bricks. for Drapery ; the Ifle of Tenet and the eafl
36. To — Sir Hamon Crevequer. parts for the Granary the Weald for the Woodj ;

37. To - Sir John. Rumney-marfh for the Meadow-plot ; the north

43. Shore — Turning Sotitb-wejhuard) Sandgate-ca/2/e, Downs towards the Thames for the Cony-
built by King Henry the eighth, defendetb the garthe ; Tenham and thereabout for an Orchard,
Ccafl, rind upon a Cafile-hill thereby are feen r and Head-corne for the brood and poultrey of
fat, big, and commended Capons.
46, Where
liquet of
— Sir
an ancient Cafile.
Edward Poinings — and among 1^ Godwin
Whereupon
— And Leofwin
—
Whereupon he was committed'to pri-
his Brother.
them of Thomas Lord Poining Lieutenant of 21.

Eolen. fon by a fubtil diflintlion, as Earl c/Kent, and

48 Houfe — But left it imperfect, when death had not Bifoop of Bayeux, in regard of his Holy
bereft him of lawful Child, -which he had
his only Orders.

by his lawful Wife the daughter of Sir J. Scot 31. Eyes -- And fo became a Monk.
his neighbour at Scots-hall, where the Family of
' i7 .
Third - Who alfo made him Chief Juflice of
Scots hath lived in worfbipful Efiimation a England.
time, as defcended from Pafheley and Serjeaux, St. Prifon — Perfuaded thereto by fuch as covertly prafli-
by Pimpe. fed his DeftruBion.
It — So are Sea-towns fubjeB to the uncertain Vi- i2. John — Who
were reflored by Parliament to Blood
ciffitude of the Sea. and Land fhortly after. And withal it was ena-
Way — Called Stony-Street. Bed, That no Peer of the Land, or other that
It — Certain Laws of Sewers -were made in the procur'd the death of the faid Earl fhould be
time of King Henry the third, and, Sec. impeached therefore, than Mortimer Earl of
Nofe — Before which lieth a daugerom Flat in the Marfh, Sir Simon Beresford, John Matra-
Sea. vers, Baious and John Devoroil.

2 5 S.
Antiquity — Whereof they (hew the Plot.
6m
For -- Sir Thomas.
Supplies — Of his own Nation. ,
7 .
Kent — And fhe after married by difpenfation to
Ot - Sir. the Black-Prince, heir to him, King Richard the
Valley — / faw nothing there now, but a mean Jecond.

Village with a poor Church > and a wooden Bridge iS. By — Sir Thomas.
to no great purpofe, for a Ferry is in mofl uje, 3. Beheaded -- Leaving no Child.
face that the river Rother not containing him- 6. 1408 — Leaving likewife m IJfue.
felf in his Chanel, hath overlaid and is like to 3. Firlt — Sir William.
endanger and furround the level of rich lands 9. Iifue — 1523.
thereby. Whereupon, the Inhabitants of Rhie 1. Knight - Of Wrefl.
complain that their haven is not fcour d by the

flream of Rother, as heretofore ; and the owners

here fuffer great lofs, which their neighbours in GLOCESTERSHIRE.
Oxeney do fear, if it were remedy d, would fall
upon them. "This is a river-Ifle ten miles about,
267. WArwickfhire — And Barkfhire.
encompafs'd with the river Rother, dividing bit 170. Knight —
For Sea-Services, as his bro-
ftreams, and now brackifh-, having his name either ther Arthur, flain in Orkney-Jfees.
of mire, which our Anceflors called Hox, or of By - Sir Walter Clifford.
Oxen, which it feedeth plentifully with rank Trad -- Befede Newnham a pretty Market, and
grafs. Oppofite to this is, &c. Weflbury thereby, a Seat of the Bainlums of
Towns — Sifingherft, a fair Houfe of the Family ancient defcent.

of Eakers, advanced by Sir John Baker, not Norman — Lord of Corboile and Thorfgny in
long fence Chancelktir of the Exchequer, and his Normandy, tranflating Monks from Cranborn
marriage with a daughter and heir of Dingley. in Dorfetihire hither.

Bcngebury, an habitation of the ancient Family Severn —

Runneth down by Haesfteld, which
of Colepepper and near adjoyning, Hemftcd
; King Henry the third gave to Richard Paunce-
a Manfeon of the Guildfords, an old Family, fote, whofe Succeffors built a fair Houfe here,
but mofl eminent fence Sir John Guildtord was and whofe Predeceffors were poffefs'd of fair Lands
Controuler of the Houfe to King Edward the in this Country, before, and in the Conqueror's time,
fourth. For his fan and heir Sir Richard Guild- in Wiltfhire.
ford was by King Henry the feventh made Knight Brightftow —
And Shirley,
of the Garter. Of his Sons again, Sir Edward Fairford —
Fairley, &c.
Guildford was Mar (hal of Calais, Lord War- Monument —
Who waa bereft of the Kingdom of
den of the Cinque Ports, and Mafler of the Ord- England, for that he was born before his Father
nance, Father to Jane Dutchefs of Northumber- was King, deprivd of his two Sons, the one by
land, Wife to Sir Nor-J.
Dudley Duke of flrange death in the New Foreft, the other de-
thumberland, Mother to the late Earls of War- fpotled of the Earldom of Flanders, his inheri-
wick and Leicefter, and Sir Henry was chofen tance, and flain ; he himfelf difpojfefs'd of the
Knight of the Garter by King Henry the 8th, and Dukedom of Normandy by his Brother King
had his Arms enabled with a Canton of Granado, Henry the firfl, bis eyes pluck'd out, and kept
by Ferdinand King of Spain,/or his worthy Service cloje prifoner twenty
fix years with all contumelious
in that Kingdom when it was recover d from the indignities, until through extream anguifly he ended
Moors ; and Edw^td livd in great efleem at his life.

[ q ] Streams
 Dr. HO LLAND's Infertions
Page. Page. Line.
Line.
276. 69. Streams — Windeth felf by Elmore, a Manfion
it 54- John Chandos — Sir John, a famom Banne-
Houfe of the Gifes, autism by their own lineal ret Lord of Caumont and Kerkitou in
defcent, being in elder times owners of Apfeley- France,
Gife near Brickhiil, and from the Beauchamps 64. For, William — Sir William.

of Holt, who acknowledge Hubert dc Burgo 63. Sudley —

With a fee of two hundred Marks
Earl of Kent (whom I lately mention d ) benefi- yearly.

ciom to them, and teftifie the fame by their Armo- 38. Glocefter — Thence I found nothing memorable,
ries. Lower upon the fame fide, Stroud a petty but near the Fountain of Chum river, Coberley
river (lideth into Severn out of Cotefwold ; by a Seat of a Stem of Barkleis, fo often named
Stroud a Market-town fometimes better peopled even from the Conquefi, which matched with an
with Clothiers and not far from Minching-
; heir of Chandos, andfo came hereditarily to the
Hampton, which anciently had a Nunnery, or Bruges Progenitors to the Lords Chandos. Then,
belong d to Nuns, whom our Ancefiors named Min- by Bird-lip-hill, whereby we afcended to this
chings. high Cotefwold.
277- *")' Family -- Defcended from Robert Fitz-Harding, 2 Si 4. 21. Hills — Near Corberley.
to whom King Henry the fecond gave this place 28 5 . 1*. Gurmundus — So that it may feem he was that
and Barkley-Hearnes. Out of this Houfe de- Gurmund which they fo much fpeak of for
;

fcended many Knights and Gentlemen of fignal certes when he raged, about the year %-]$.arab-
note. blement of Danes roufied here one whole year.
1 6. Barkley — Who was honoured by King Edward the 15. Second — For black Canons.
fourth with the ftile of V'fount Barkley, by King 39- Kent — Late Duke of Surrey.
Richard the third-, with the Honour of Earl of ibid. Huntingdon — Late Duke of Exeter.
Nottingham (in regard of his mother, daughter 36. Miles — Near to Dounamveny an ancient Seat of
of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, and the Hungertords.
Earl of Nottingham) and by King Henry the 14, Honour — Who dejetled with comfortlefs grief,
feventh with the of Marflial of England,
Office when death had deprived him of his only fon and
and dignity of Marquefs Barkley. heir, affured his eflate, with his eldefl daughter,
279. 28. Teftifies — When he had taken down an ancient to John fon to King Henry the fecond, with cer-
Houfe which Hugh Audeley Earl of Glocefter tain Provifo's for his other daughters.
had formerly built. 15. Families— John, when he had obtain d the King-
2S0. 24. Lords — Among whom Sir Thomas was fum- dom, repudiated her upon pretences as well that /be
mond among the Barons in the time of King Ed- was barren, as that they were within prohibited
ward the third. degrees^ of confanguinity and referving the Ca/lle
.-

56. Name — But from Ralph Ruflel the heir, this of Briftow to himfelf, after fome timepaffed over
Deorham defended Family of Venis.
to the his repudiated wife, with the honour of Gloce-

Above thefe is Sodbury, known by the family of fter, to GeorYry Mandevile, fon of Geoffry
Walfti ; and neighbours thereunto are Wike-ware Fitz-Peter Earl of Eflex, for twenty thoufand
the ancient feat of theFamily De-la-Ware ; Wo- marks ; who thus over-marrying himfelf, was
ton under Edge, which yet remembereth the /laugh- greatly impoverifijed, and wounded in Tourna-
ter of Sir Thomas Talbot Vifcount Lifle, here ment, died foon after without iffue : /he being re-
(lain in the time of King Edward the fourth, in married to Hubert of Burgh, died immedi-
an encounter with the Lord Barkley, about pof- ately.

fe/jions, ftnee which time have continued Suits be- 24. Mabel - Tlie eldefl.

tween their Pofterity, until now lately they were fi- 30. Glocefter — Who
was filled Earl of Glocefter
nally compounded. and Hereford, and mightily enriched his Houfe
2Si. 25. Durclley — Who built here a Caflle now more by marrying one of the heirs of William Mar-
than ruinous. .
fhall Earl of Pembroke. His Son and Succeffor
26, Order ~Derived from Tintern, whom Maud Richard, in the beginning of the Barons Wars
the Emprefs greatly enrich'd. The males of this againft King Henry the third, ended his life,
Houfe failed King Richard the
in the time of leaving Gilbert his Son tofucceed him, who pow-
fecund, and the Heir-General was married to erfullyand prudently fwayed much in the faid
Cantelow. Within one mile of this, where the Wars, as he enclined to them or the King. He,
river Cam lately fpoken of, fpringeth, is Uleigh, cbnoxiom to King Edward the firfi, furrender d

a Seat alfo of the Barkleys defended from the his Lands unto him, and received them again by
Barons Barkley, filled of Uleigh, and Stoke- marrying Joan the King's daughter (fimamed of
Giftard, who were found Coheirs to J. Baron Acres in the Holy Land, becaufe foe was there
Boutetort, defcended from the Baron Zouch of bom) to his fecond wife, who bore unto him Gil-
Richard Caftles alias Mortimer, and the So- bert Clare, laft Earl of Glocefter of this
fir-
merys Lords of Dueley. name, /lain in the flower of his youth in Scot-
65. Hills —
Without Woods. land, at the battle of Sterling, in the fixth year
74. Antiquity — Beginning at the north-eafl end of of King Edward the fecond.

them. 34. For, Ralph —

Sir Ralph.

2
C
H. 1. Town — Wefton and Bifelay were in the fojfeffi- 37. Firft -- For which he incurrd the Kings high dif-
cn of Hugh Earl of Chefter. pleafure,and a flmt imprifonment but after re- ;

4- Defcended — By Nicolao de Albeniaco, an ht- was fummoned to Parliaments by the

conciled,

heritrice to the ancient Earls of Arundel, unto name of Earl of Glocefter and Hereford. But
Roger de Somery. when Gilbert was out of minority, he was fum-
30. Romans —
Who was there buried with his wife moned among the Barons by the name of Sir Ralph
Sanchia daughter to the Earl of Provence. de Mont-hermer as long as he lived : Which I
33. Divinity **• As he carried away the firname of note more willingly for the rarenefs of the ex-
Doctor Irrefragabilis, that is, the Doctor Un- ample.
gainfaid, as he could not be gainfaid. 42 . lftue
— Sir Hugh Le de Spencer.
45. Seat — Of Sir Thomas Seimor, Baron Seimor 47 . Was - Sir Hugh Audley.
of Sudley,
and Admiral of England, attainted 75- De-Spencer — In the right of his Great Grandmo-
in the time of King Edward the fixth, and af- ther.

terward of Sir John Bruges, whom Queen Ma- 76. Grandfather — Sir Hugh.
ry, &c. Briftol
 in the Text of Mr. Camden.
Page.
Page. Line.
2SS. nit. Briftol — By
the peoples fury. 3'5 74- Is -Hufeley, wlxre femetimes
2E9. 3- Himfelf -
In the firfl year of King Henry the
the names of Bu-
rerxmes flourifljed at at Chalgnve
fixth (as I have feen in an Inftrument of his, Lincoln -
320. 35. Wlso by King Richard the
Humphrey, by the Grace of God, Son, Brother third had
been declared heir apparent to
the Crown
and Uncle to Kings, Duke of Glocefter, Earl of
4.. Battle -
At Stoke, and Edmund his
bro-
Hainault, Holland, Zeeland, and Pembroke,
ther.
Lord of Frifcland, Great Chamberlain of the
It- Cxhr--Here is Bixbrond and Stonor,
Kingdom of England, Protelkr and Defender ancient
poffeffmns of the Families of Stonors, who lime
of the Jame Kingdom and Church of Eng- the time of King Edward the third, when
land. Sir
Contrivance — John Stonor wm
Chief Jufiice in the Common
7. Of a Woman. Pleas, flourifijed with great Alliance
andfair Re-
venues, until they were transferred
by an heir ge-
neral to Sir Adrian Fortefcue unhappily
OXFORDSHIRE. tainted, whofe daughter, heir
to her mother,
at-
was
married to the firft Baron
Onfirmed — to Wentworth. Next
29* COintimates —
Monks. the BenediSixe neighbour hereunto is Pus-hall, which the
295. In an Certainly in Exchequer-book, D oily held by yielding yearly tothe KingFamily of
a Table-
the Town adjacent is called Rollendrich, where- cloth of three Shillings price, or three Shillings for
as it is there fpecified Turitan Ie Defpenfer held all Services.
J
Land by Serjeanty of the King's Difpenfary, i. e. 32.. 69. Enjoy'd -
To omit Edgar, Algar,
to be the King's Steward. mdotherEm-
lift) Saxons, Official Earls
of Oxford
297. Remarkable -- But
Eruer, now Bruern, fome-
la 322. Banifhroent -
31. John the firfl of thai name
time an Abbey of White Monks. fo
trufty and true to the Houfe
2S9- Well - We read, that Hugh Bijhop
of Lincoln, both he and his
of Lancailer,
Son and heir
'that

Diocefan of this place coming hither, caufed her I

Aubrey lofl their
heads therefore, ogether, in the
removed out of the Church, as unworthy of firfl year of
J King
to be
Edward the fourth. *
Chriftian burial for her unchafte life. Ncverthelefs,
the holy Sifters there tranfiated them again into the
Church; and laidthem up in a perfumed leather Bag
tnclos'd in Lead, M
was found in her Tomb at the
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
dijjoktion of the Houfe
there,
: and
whereby the Paffengers were put in mind with
they creeled a Crofs K — And Comb a low
W'lCFamily Valley.
.
- Whofe Father Sir Andrew, de-
two rhiming Verfes toferiie God, andpray for her : jcended from the old Stem of ancient
but I remember them not. Barons,
King Henry the eighth
301. 5. Place —Near to Banbury is Hanwell, where the of Baron Windfor.
dignified with the honour

Family of Cope hath flourished many years in 328. Called -- And our Tunbridge,
and good and others.
great ejteem.
By -
Burnham, better known by the
17. Sixth —
Who was cruelly beheaded by a rabble of Lord Huntercombs and Scudamores
Hodengs,
Rebels in the time of King Henry the fixth. (who were
Lords thereof and of Beconsfield
20. Stands —
Haford-warine, fo denominated from inheritance) than by
fucceffively
it felf.
h
Warine Fitz-Gerold Lord thereof. Heyford M " Vfm Vm fir ^"^ Shil-
Purcell lihewife, fo named of the Purceils or de w™f "
"
Porcellis, ancient Gentlemen, the old owners. Adjoyneth — On the one fide.
Blechingdon, an ancient poffeffion of the Family Seat -- On the other fide Chefham Bois, where
of Povre. and at Draiton Beauchamp
College -- And thefe two were the firfl endow'd Col-
the Family of Ch -
30S. $2. neis hath anciently flourifh'd.
for Students in Chriftendom.
leges

— 330. Bon-hommes - Whoprofifs'd the Rule of St Au-

310. 6. Hither Recall' d by Proclamation direBed to the ftm.
High-Sheriff of Lincolnfhire, upon penalty to Bernwood - Whofe
furnam'd de Bor-
Foreflers
forfeit theirBooks and the King's difpleafure. were famous
stal in former
14. Winchefter —
And he about the fame, by the trail Borltall
times. Nigcll de
was fo firnamed from having
'killed a
of the City wall, built a fair high wall, embattled wild Boar in that Forefl,
I
for which he had from
and turretted.
the King one Hide of arable
Land, cab'd Dere-
57. Monks — By a Chapter held among them laid their hyde and on that he built a Manfion,
Monies together and encreafed Gloceiler-.£fa#,
;
and call'd
.« Bore-ftale in memory
of the fiain Boar.
built before by John Lord Giftard of Brims- Staffords -
331. Of Grafton, &c.
Monks of Glocefter.
field for
— Nicholas 332. Conqueit -
Whofe Son, the fecond Earl of Buc-
62. Convents Wadham
Merefield in of kingham, and Ermingard his
the County of Somerfet hath affign'd a fair por- wife, built the

tion of Lands and Money for the propagation

fH'h'I Noteley thereby in the year 11 12
of
Religion and Learning, which I note incidently by
Whitchurch -
Near unto which is Afcot, the
principal Manfion-houfe
way of congratulation to our age, that there are of the Dormers, from
whence defended the Dutchefs '

of Fefia in Spain,
yet feme who gracioufly refpetl the advancement and others of noble note.
of good learning.
—
61. Rumbald — A child.
Ufes In the giddy time of King Edward
311. 14.
—
tie fixth.
63. Saint — Child-Saint, and much fam'd with many
312. 69. Others For Profejfors and two hundred Stu- Miracles.
dents.
Chrift-Church — 333- it, Exchequer - And of the Dutchy of Lanca-
71. Affign'd to a Dean, Prebends, fter.
and Students. —
54- Are Stow of the Family of the Temples.
3 13- 61. Foundation— With good fpeed and happy Seat —
fuccefs, 55- Of the Greenwaies.
I wifb.
as 334- 33- Wolverton - Anciently Wolverington,
3'4- 75- Minutes —
And thus much briefly of my dear Nurfe-
of an ancient Family fo firnam'd, whofe Lands
the Seat

Mother Oxford. nam din

—
are Records, The Barony of Wolve-
311- 47. Alms-houfe But this "title foon determind, when rington, from whom it came to the Houfe of
he left but Daughters, married into the Families Longvilles of ancient defcent in thefe parts.
of Norris and Wenman.
Dy'd
 Dr. HOLLAND'S Infertions
page. Line. Aneftie, which was not long fince the Inheri-
334- 7?- DyM- Iffuelefs.
tance of the Houfe ofYork and in elder times, :

ult. Pembroke — Called Conqueror of Ireland. the Caftle there was a Nefl of Rebels ; whereftne

335. 10. Sixth — With an invidiam precedence before all Nicholas of Aneftie Lord thereof vjos exprefly
Dukes in England. commanded by Henry the third, to demolif}} jo
336. 4. Said —
As it is written in his Life. much of it as they raifed fmce the Barons -war:
3. England —
To the name Buckingham, and, Sec. againfl his Fa/her King John. But now time
9- Stafford —
Whereat thy were filled before Dukes hath wholly rafed it all.

of Buckingham, Earls of Stafford, Hereford, 346. Is — Sir Giles.

Northampton and Perch ; Lords of Brecknock, Littons — Defcended from Litton in Derby-
Kimbokon and Tunbridge. Shire.
34S. Burgefles — And at that time Ralph Limfey a
Nobleman built here a Cell for St. Alban'v
BEDFORDSHIRE. Monks.
Hithur — And at that time Ralph Limfey a No-
as a plain bleman, built a
41.
TJ Eholdcrs— They who Jaw took it, it

Monks.
here Cell for St. Alban'r
-D Prefage of the Divijion enfuing.
5i« Nobility — IVhofe Barony conjifted oj three hundred 349. 64. Caftle — And alfo Woodhall, an habitation of the
Knight-fees in divers Countreys. Butlers, who being branched
from Sir Ralph
ibid. CafUe — Which is now hereditarily defcended to Butler Baron of Wem in Shropshire, and his
Sir R, Chetwood Knight ; as the Inheritance of wife heir to William Bantu-Ire Lord of Wem,
the Chetwoods came formerly to the Wa- were Lords of Puke-bach, and enrich'd much
huls. by an heir of Sir Richard Gobion, and ano-
62. Wales — In Glamorganshire. ther of Peletot Lord of this place in the time
of
6 4- Memory ~ When Jhe created Sir Oliver, the fe- King Edward the third.
cond Baron of her Creation, Lord St- John of Bland —
Whereupon aljo neighboureth Standon,
Bletnefho, unto who?n it came by, &c. with a fsemly Houfe built by Sir Ralph Sadleir,
337- 25, Haftens — By Brum ham, a Seat of the Dives, of Chanceliour of the Dutchy of Lancafter, Privy
very ancient parentage in thefe parts. Counfellor to three Princes, and the lafi Knight
339. 64. Town -- Wardon more inward, where was a Banneret of England ; a man fo advane'd for
Houfe of Ciftercian Monks, and was Mother his great Services and flay''d wifdom.
to the Abbeys of Saultry, Sibton, and Til Account — That Geitrey Earl of Britain gave
they. it to Gerard, ijc.

72. Hill — A parcel of the Barony of Kamho. It — From thence it maketh his way by Sabridg-
7j. By — Sir John. worth, a parcel of the honour of Earl William
340. 4, Kent — Whofe grandchild Ruthin paffed both it Mandevile, andfometime the poffeffim of Gef-
and Ruthin over to Henry the feventb. fry Say, mar Shingle-hall, honefled by the
<><,. For, H. — Henry. owners the Leventhorpes of ancient Gentry. So
67- Cheney — Made by Queen Elizabeth Baron Chey- on, far from Honfdon, tjc.
not

ney of Tuddington, built, and fhortly after dy'd Thames —

Under Hodfdon, a fair through-fair,
fan s-i flue. to H. Bourchier Earl of Effex, having a
which

77. Winter-time — For the old Englishmen, our Pro- fair Houfe at Baife thereby (while it flood) pro-
genitors, cali'd deep Mire, Hock and Hocks. cured a Market.

iS. Carry'd — Out of Lincolnshire. 3<«- 72 Where — Nicholas.

Sir
341.
57. Immunities — As for Leighton-Buzard on the one 357- 8 Place — From Mergrate, fometime a Religiom
fide of Dunfiable, and Luton on the other ;
Houfe, now a Seat of the Ferrers, out of the
neither have I read nor fern any thing memora- Houfe of Groby.
ble in them, unlefs Ifijould fay, that at Luton 358. 34 Cornwal —
His half-brother.
/ faw a fair Church, but the Quire then rooflefs 50. Devonshire — And the Beauforts Dukes of So-
rrier Set.
and overgone with Weeds ; and adjoyning to it
an elegant Chapel founded by J. Lord Wenlock, 359- 11 Son — Sir Charles.
and well maintain d by the Family of Rotheram, 360. 16 Under —
Barnet hath for his neighbours Mim-
planted here by Thomas Rotheram Archbifhop mes, a Seat of the worfhipful Family of the
of York, and Chancellor of England in the time Coningsbies, defended to them by Frowick /row*
of King Edward the fourth. the Knolles, ancient poffeffors thereof; and North-

342. 3^. France — Son to Engelrame Lord of Coucy, and hall, where Ambrofe Dudley, lafi Earl of
his wife daughter to the Duke of Auftria. Warwick, raifed a ftately Houfe from the Foun-
4t. France — Slain. dations.

65. Eut — Some ten years after his Creation. Honoured — Edward. Sir
70. Son - - Sir Francis. Somerfet — By King Edward the fixth.

HERTFORDSHIRE. MIDDLESEX.
PLACE — Winch was 3<S* 14. pOLE — Which the Britains called Co.
thought in that age
32. V_J Of — Count.
piom Work, to put Paffengers in mind
... of 34. Uxbridge — Woxbridge.
Anciently
Chrifis Pafjion.
Honour — Of Thomas 33. Was — Made an Honour.
That — oVjohn. \
of Canterbury.
31. For —
To the Honour of Saviour, our the Virgin
Mary, and, dec.
To -- Sir Robert.
33. Cali'd — Jefu
To — Sir Anthony.
49- Houfe — Under
of.

this the fmall river Brent

Felbridge ~ The Manour of Barkway hereby into the Thames, and fpringeth out
iffueth

appertain d alfo to thofe Lords Scales, a well of a Pond

vulgarly cali'd Brown's-weil for Brent-well, that
known Thorough-fare. Beyond which, is Barley, is in old EnglifJj Frogwell, paffeth down between
that imparted firname to the ancient and well al- Hendon, which Archbifljop Dunftan,
born for
lied Family of the Barleys ; and on this fide the advancement of Monks, purchafed fur fume
few
 — ;

in the Text of Mr. Camden

Page. Line, few gold Bizantines, which were Imperial pieces Sort was procured, which hope of gain
among the
of Gold coined at Byzantium or Conftantino- better Jort Jo enkindled, that, Sec.
ple, and gave to the Monks of St. Pter of Weft- 382. That — Sir Hugh Spencer.
minfter. And
Hampfted-hill, from whence you Of Sir Aimer de Valencia or Valence
haye a mofl pleajant profpeB to the mofl beau- Grey of Wilton.
tiful City of London, and the lovely Country a- 383. Houfe — Or Salisbury-Court.
bunt it. Over which the ancient Roman Mili- Salisbury — The White-Fryers, or, Sic.
tary way led to Verulam or St. Albans by Mentioned — Then without the Burrs. '

Edgwortli, and not by High-gate, as wow. Houfe -- Before called Hampton-place.

which new way wai opend by the Bipops of Hofpital - Worcefter-/;o^, late Bedford-/M>
London about fame three hundred years Jince. Salisbury-Zwi/e.
But to return. Brent, into whom all the [mall ri- Jerufalem - And thereby the only Ornament of this
vers of thefe parts refort, rumzeth on by Brent- part, the Britaiu-Burfe built by the
Earl of Sa-
ftreetj an Hamlet to which it imparted its name, lisbury, and fo named of King James the
watereth Hangerwood, Hanwell, Oilterley- firft.
Parkj where Sir Thomas Greiham built a fair Formerly - And Northampton-/^, now begun
large Houfe ; andfo near herfall into the Thames, by Henry Earl of Northampton.
giveth name toBrentford, a fair thorough-fare 3^5* It ~ Surrender'd it to the Spoil of Courtiers.
and frequent Market. Dean -- Over thefe Jhe placed Dr.
365. 30. And — To the Thames-JIde. whofe Suaejfor was,
Bill Dean,

34. Scat — Standing there conveniently; not far from Firft - And firft Chriftian.
Sec.

the City, albeit not fo healthfully. Elizabeth - Daughter

45. Thames —
(As fome fuppofe) but in Records 'tis fourth.
to King Edward the

vanid Chclche-hith. 337. Fourth — Sir Giles Daubeney.

370. 40. Inconftancy —
While I difport in ConjeSiure.
45.
58. Sulfa — James Eutler.
371. 53. Omen — Marh'd for and lije long continuance. 62. Another — Sir Humfrey Bourchier.
58. Nero — 1540. years fince. 63. Barnct -
Sir Nicholas Carcw, Baron
373. 27- One — Franccrius Falconer Lord Mayor, A. D 67. Douglafia — H. Howard.
Carew
1414. Oi — Sir Arthur Gorges.
54. Elbegate — Which a at this prefent by the Cities V* Cecil — Sir John Puckering.
Charge re-edijyd. 38S, 4, Pyramid — Sir Charles Blunt, Earl,
374- 4- London — And amongfl them, Robert Fitz- Wal- 57. College — Of a Dean and, &c. &c.

ter had King Edward the firft to fell

Licence of 389. 5.
Edward — Becaufe the Tradition holds,
that the
the ftte of Bainard-C^/e to the faid Archbijhop faid King Edward therein dy'd.
Robert.
Knight —- A Arch-traitor —
Robert Catesby.
379. 26. noble Knight of the Garter
right
390. St. James'i - Where anciently was a Spittle for
executed by encroached Authority without the King's Maiden Lepers.
Confent.
— 3?r. Oldburn — Wherein flood anciently the
firfl Houfe
27. For,J. de Sir John de Eellocampo or Beau- of Templets only in the place now called
champ. Sou-
thampton-i/fjw/?.
32. And — Sir Chriftopher Hatton. Inftitution — About the year
Nephew- William Hatton.
1 124. and lint
6
379- 35* Sir
after.
3S0. 40. Defign'd
jpoilers.
7% good of England againfl thofe Temple — This religiom Order was inftituted

3S2. 7. Chancery — Bejtdes two Inns moreover for the Ser-

Shortly
Jerufalem.
Geoffry of Bollen had recover'd
after
The Brethren whereof wore a white
jeants at Law.
Crofs upon their upper black garment, and by
11. As- —- Sir John Fortefcue. lemn Profejfien were bound to ferve Pilgrims
h-
20. For — At their firft Inftitution about A. D poor People in the Hofpital of St. John
and
of Jeru-
1113. falem, and to fecure the pajfages thither
24' Religion — The Holy Land. charitably buried the dead; they were
they

26. Mahometans — Projejfing to live in Charity and prayer, mortified

continual in
themfelves with watching! and
Obedience.
faftings they were courteous and kind
28. Princes — Devout People.
:

whom they called their Maflers, and

to the poor,

3°- Piety — Tea and in the opinion, both of the holinefs white Bread, while themfelves liv'd
fed with
with brown,
of the men and of the place, King Henry the and carried themfelves with great aufterity. Where-
third, &c. by they purchaSed to themfelves the
37* William — Marfhal the elder a mofl powerful man of all Sorts.
love 'and likim
6
in Ins time.
— Upon 392.
By —
Sir Walter Many.
39- Pembroke William the elder his Tomb I To — Sir Peregrine Berty.
fome years Jince read in
Pembrochia:, and upon the fide
the upper part
this Verfe
Comes 393- Ways — To put Pajfeagers in mind that they are,
as thofe were, fubfe'cl to mortality.

394- For — Black Canons.

39^. By —
Sir Thomas Knowles.
Miles eram Martis, Mars multos vicerat
armis.
Company —
Commonly called the Stil-yard, as the
Eafterlings-yard.
Rome — As and great holy as it is.

—
Stephen — About four hundred years fince.
ibid. But But of time, when with infa-
in procefs
had hoarded great wealth by
tiable greedinefs they
County —
When it hath colletled his divided Stream,
and cheriflied fruitful Marifh-Meadews.
withdrawing 'Tithes from Churches, appropriating
fpiritual Livings to themfelves, and other hard
Seventh —
And Durance neighbour thereto a
Houfe of the Wrothes of ancient name in
this
means, their riches turn'd to their ruin. Foi County.
thereby their former piety was after a manner fii- Eflex —
As for the title of Middlefex, the Kings
fied they fell at jarr with other Religion* Or-
;
of England have vouclfafedtonone, neither Dike,
ders their profejfed Obedience to the Patriarch
;
of Marauefs, Earl, or Baron.
Jerufalem was rejected, envy among the common

['] ESSEX.
 ;

I Dr. HOLLAND'* Infertions

Page. Line. Page. Line. difiant from Cogefhall, and belonging to the Ab-
bey tberei was found by touching oj a Plough a
ESSEX.- great brazen Pot. The Ploughmen, fuppofing it
to have been hid treafure, fent for the Abbot of
405. 60.
CROSS — Found far wejlward, and brought
hither, as they write, by Miracles.
Cogefhall to fee the taking up of it ; and he
going thither met with Sir Clement Hsrlefton,

In — Sir Edward. and defired him aljo to accompany him thither.

By — So it pajjeth by Lambourn Manour, which The mouth oj the Pot wot clojed with a white
is held by fervice of the Wardftaffe, viz,, to carry fubftance like pafte at hard as burnd
or clay,

a load of Straw in a Cart with fix horfes, two Brick ; when was removd, there was
that by force

ropes, two men in harnefs to watch the faid Ward- found within it another Pot, but that
was of earth
ftajfe, when it is brought to the Town of Ai-
that being opened, there was found in it a leffer

bridge, &c. and then by Wanfted Park, where Pot of earth of the quantity of a gallon, cover''d
the late Earl Leicester built much for his with a matter like velvet, and fajiend at the
of
pleafure. mouth with a jilk Lace. In it they found fome
To — Sir- Thomas. whole bones, and many pieces offmall bones wrapp'd
Defcended —
Here I have heard muchfpeech of a up in fine Silk of frefo colour, which the Abbot
Lawlefs-Court (at they called it) holden in a took for the Reliques of fome Saints, and laid
firange manner about Michaelmas in the firji up in his veftuary.

peep of the day, upon the firji cock-crowing in a 420. 47. Oxford-- Who procured a Market thereunto.
filentfort; yet with jhrew'd fines ejtfoons redoubled 50. Famous — Sir [John Hawkwood.]
if not anfwered ; which fervile attendance, they
alt. Save — This renown d Knight thm celebrated a-
jay, was impofedupon certain Tenants there- broad, was forgotten at home, fave thatfome of
about, for confpiring there, at fuch unfeafonable his kind foldierly followers founded a Chantery at
time, to raife a commotion. But I leave this, Caftle-Heningham for him, and for two of his
knowing neither the original nor the certain form military Companions, John Oliver, and Thomas
thereof Only I heard certain obfeure barbarom Newenton, Efquires.
Rhimes of it ; Curia de Domino Rege tene- 421. 24. Vere —
In the time of King Henry the firji.

tur line Lege Ante ortum folis, luceat nifi 66. Wars — And long after Maud the Emprefs gave
polus, &c not worth remembering. it to Alberic Vere to affure him to her
To -- Sir Thomas. Party.

Brentwood — Called by the Normans Bois arfe 422. 62. Sixth — When he created Sir Thomas Darcy his

in the fame fenfe ; and by that name King Ste- Counfellor, Vice-Chamberlain, and Captain of the

phen granted a Market and a Fair there, to the Guard, Lord Darcy of Chich.
Abbot of St. Otith and many years after, Ifabel
: 423. 53. Lies —
The Town is, not great, but well peopled,
Couutefs of Bedford, Daughter to King Edward fortified by Art and Nature, and made more

the third, built a Chapel to the memory of St. fencible by Queen Elizabeth. The Salt water fo
Thomas of Canterbury, creeketh about it, that it ahnofl infulateth but
for the eafe of the In- it,

habitants. thereby maketh the Springs fo brackijh that there

410. Knight — Created by out Sovereign King James, is a defeti offrejh water, which they fetch fome

&c. good way off.

411. Born — Sir Robert de Effex. 424. 75. Barony — From whom the Wentworths ofGof-
Till - Sir Hubert de Burgh. field are defended.

412. Delign — Yet there remainetb a huge ruin of a thick 425. 16. Saffron- Walden — Incorporated by King Edward
Wall, where-by many Roman Coins have been the fixth with a Treafurer, two Chamberlains and
the Commonalty.
found.
Us — At this William de Man-
Town, the firfi
20. Monaftery — Founded in a place very commodtom in

devill Earl of ElTex began a Cajlle and two, ;

the year 1 1 3 6.

&c. 47- From — Sir Thomas.

Effex — Who founded here a College. 59- Chamberlain — Who in this place hath begun a
And — Sir Payne. magnificent Building.

John — Simamed Scot. Saffron — A Commodity brought into England in

Father — Sir William. the time of Edward the third.

Engerflon — Where he Ueth buried. 50. To — Sir Robert Fitz-Rcger.

Monks — And the habitation of ancient Knights 73- By — Sir George Vere.
thence fir named de Cogefhall, from whofe Heir 6. Of — Sir Hairy Pole.
Blood -- Neither is Hatfield Regis, commonly
General, married into the old Family of Tirrel, 9-

there a fair propagation of the

branched forth called of a broad fpread Oak Hatfield Brad-
Tirrels in this Shire and elfewhere. Then, goeth Oak, to be omitted where Robert Vere Earl
;

on thu water by Eaftcrford ; fame call it Eafl- of Oxford built a Priory, and there lyeth entomb'd

Sturford. with a French Infcription, wherein he

crofs-legg'd

To — Sir Thomas. is to be firfi of that name Robert, and

noted

4 i3. Length — Upon the ridge of an HiU anfwerable to Earl of Oxford.

third *

the termination oj Dunum, which (ignified an 17. Stephen —

Defpoiled of his efiate.

hi'Jy and high fituation, wherein I faw nothing 28. Tree —

For in a reverent awe of the ChurcJj they
memorable, ttnlefs I jhould mention two filly
durjl not bury him, becaufe he died excommuni-

Churches, a defolate place of White-Friers, and a cated.

fmall pile of Bricks built not long fince by R. Sons — Geoffrey his Son, who was rejlored by

Henry the fecond to his Father's Honours and

Darcy, which name hath been refpetlive here-
about. Hence paffing down over the brackijh Efiate for him and his heirs ; William, who by
water divided into two jlrearnletSy by High- his wife Earl of AlbemarJe.
was alfo

bridge, &c. Service — girt with the Sword of the

And fo was
419* 23. Purpofe — Yet I will here impart what I inciden- Earldom of Effex by King John at the Solem-
happen d upon in a private Note which J nity of his Coronation. This Geoffrey Fitz-Fetre
tally

was inauifitivehere about for Ad Anfam. In a was advanced to the high Efiate of Jujiicer of
place cali'd Weftfield, three quarters of a mile England by King Richard the firfit when he
 in the Text of Mr. Camden;
Line, removed Hubert Archbifhop of Canterbury from Page. Line.

that Office by the Pope's peremptory command ; 449. 27. Place — On the farthefi part of the fame Promon-
for that Bifiops ought not to intermeddle in fe- tory, fiands Eafton, a Village of Fifbermen almofl
entirely fwaliowed-up of the Sea
mlar Affairs. This place the faid Geoffry Fitz- and on the ',

Petre executed with great commendation, {refer- foathem fide thereof, Southwold, &c.
ring by his wifdom the Realm from that confufi- 4?o- 60. He — Having furrender'd his Ejlate to King Henry
the fecond.
feon, which it after fell into by King John'* un-
advifed carriage. 4$2. 59. Merchant —
Michael his Son being reflor'd, dyd
53. Thefe ~ By his wife, wca Earl of Gloccfler alfo, at the Siege of Harflew and within the fpace
;

and, &c. of one month, his Son Michael was in like man-

56. To — "Their Sifiers fon. ner flain in the battle of Agincourt, leaving

42s. 3. To - Sit William. Daughters Only.

8. Fourth —
In regard he had married his Aunt, and 63. Suffolk ~ As alfo Earlof Pembroke.
was defended from Thomas of Woodftcck. 453. 16. People — Infomuch that being vehemently accus'd
27. Eflex — Sir William. of Treafon, and M/fprifions, and on thar account
jummond to appear before the King and Lords in

Parliament affembled ; after having anfwerd the

SUFFOLK. Articles objeBed, be referred himfelf to the King's
Order. Wliereupon the Chancellor by lis Maje-

VEteraus Planted Maldon abov fty's Special Command, pronotme'd, That whereat
435-
fmi. the Duke did not put himfelf on his Peers, the

439- Sueiio — Being terrified with a Vifton of St. Ed- King (as for what related to the Articles of "Trea-
mund. fon ) would remain doubtful and with refpetl to
,-

Seen — And Abbot Newport, in like manner zvalkd thofe of Mifprifion, not m a Judge by advice nf
in the Abbey- the Lords, butas a perfon to whofe order the
Getting —
"Through the means of St. Edmund s Duke had voluntarily fubmitted himfelf, did ba-
Shrine,and the Monument of Alan Rufus Earl nifh him from the Realms, and all other his Do-

of Britain and Richmond. ; Sir Thomas of

minions, for five years. But he was farpritSd,
Brotherton, fon to King Edward the firfl, Earl &c.

of Norfolk, and Marfbal of England ; Tho- 27. Cut-off — Jn the battle at Stoke.
mas of Beaufort, Duke of Exeter ; William .55. Upon — Sir Charles.
Earl of Stafford ; Mary Queen Dowager of 58. Marriage —
And granted to him all the Honours
France, daughter to King Henry the feventb, and and Manours which Edmund Earl of Suifolk
many other iUufiriom Perfonages there inter- had forfeited.
red.
6i' Sicknefs — On one day.
Heirs -- Afterward, both here at Haulfted near
Rougham, and elfewhere, the Family of Drury
(which fignifies in old Englifh a precious Jewel) NORFOLK.
hath teen of great reputation ; more efpecially
fence they were marry d with the Heirefs of Frefil
457- 35- COnful — Which name may intimate that it
of Saxham. was a Roman town.
441. Clarence — With a fuller found than that of 458. s>- Of — Sir John.
Clare. ,6. And — Sir Thomas Knevet, Lord Knevet.
442. Normandy — As alfo Lord High Steward of Eng- 459' 18. Upon --
Sir Richard Lucy.
land, and Earl of Albemarle. 25- Be —
Harlefton — a good Market, and, &c.
443- Marks —
No fmall Wealth, as the Standard was 41. Marefchals —
To the Lord Morleys.
then. From a younger brother or cadet of this 47 Burdos -- Or Burdelos.
Houfe of Montchenfie, iffud by an heir-general 5° Him — ' Joint-neighbour to Skulton, is Wood-
the Family of the Waldgraves, who having long rifing, the fair Seat of the Family of Southwells,

flouriJJy'd in Knightly degree at Smaltbridge nearer which received the greatefl Reputation and Increafe
to Stour, as another Family of great account in from Sir Richard Southwell, Privy-Counfellor
elder ages at Buers, which was thereof firna- to King Edward thefixth, and his brother Sir

med. Robert Mafier of the Rowles.

Nettlefted — Wience was Sir Thomas Went- Here — Which afterwards wai advanced to an
\vorth, whom King Henry the eighth honour d Abbey.
with the title of Baron Wentworth. 460. To - Sir Ralph.
Kingdom — But to return to the river Breton, on Courfe — By Fakenham, which King Henry
the banks of another Brook that is joyn'd thereto, the firfl gave to Hugh Capel, and King John,
{lands Lancham, a fair Market-town i and near afterward, to the Earl t>/' Arundel.
it the Manour of Burnt-Elleie, to which King As — Archbifhop.
Henry the third granted
a Market at the reauefl 46;. Thereof — They obtain d of King Richard the

of Sir Henry Shelton Lord thereof, whofe po- fecond, that the Worfted made there might be
fterity fiourijh'd here for a long time. tranfported.

Runs — Runs fwiftly by Higham, whence the Fa- Of — Of Saies, Bales, and other Stuffs now
mily of Higham takes its name, to Stour, mud} in ufe.
&c. 464, Pleas —
It receiveth a Brook which paffeth by no-

Bacons —
Who held this Manour of Brome, by thing memorable but Halles-hall, and that only
conducing all the Footmen of Suffolk and Nor- memorable for its ancient owner Sir James Ho-
folk from St. EdmundV-dike, in the Wars of bart Attorney-General, and of the Privy Council
Wales. to King Henry the feventh (by him dubb'd Knight
444. 26. Leicefler — During the intefline War between King at fuch time as he created Henry his Son Prime
Henry and his difloyai fon.
the fecond of Wales) -who, by building from the ground the
445- Frevil — Barkley of Stoke. fair Church at Loddon being his Par iff- Church,
446. Bigods — through the Bounty of King Henry the St. Olave'j Bridge over Waveney that divideth
firfl.
Norfolk and Suffolk, the Cawfey thereby, and

Family — Defended from the Bacons and Bran- Other Works of Piety, defervd well of the Church,
dons. his Country, and the Common-weal, and planted
three
 d )

Dn HOLLAND'S Infertions
Page. Line. three Houfes out of his own iffue, out of the fe- Page. Line, encompafs 'd with Fens, while her Husband foun-
cond whereof Sir Henry Hobart his great grand- ded Ram fey.
child, now likewife Attorney-General to King
James, is lineally defcended.

4.6-;. 30. Knight — And now appertaining to the Paftans. HUNTINGDONSHIRE.

466. 74. Pofleflions — Nor far from Worfted, where ( as
I read) the Stuff- worfted, in fo great requefi 504. 16. "p LACE —* And by the name c/Gumkefter
among our Anceflors, wad firfi made, and hence XT King Henry the third granted his Son it to
fo namd, as Dornicks, Cameric, Calecur, &c. Edmund Earl of Lancafter.
had in like manner their denomination from the 506. 35. Broad- Which (as other Meres in this tratl
places where they were firfi invented and made. doth fometimes in calms and fair weather rifetem-
467. <5i.
Veneration — Next is Paflon, a fmall Townlet, pefluoufly as it were into violent
water-quakes, to
which yet hath given firname to a Family grown the danger of the poor Fifher-men ; by reafon, as
great both in efiate and alliance, fince they match' fame think, of Evaporations breaking violently out
with the heirefs of Beary and Maultbye. oj the earth.

468. 16 By — Sir Robert. 4.0. Place IVhereunto and not the Na-
Strangers,
ibii Roos - Sir Robert. tives there, are fubjetl, who live long and healthfully.
475- ! To — Sir William. 509. 2!. John (IVhowas filled Dukeof Excefter, Earl
4* To - Sir Hugh. of Huntingdon and Ivory, Lord of Sparre,
To -- Sir Hamon, Admiral of England and Ireland, Lieutenant
45
46 Of — Sir Anthony. of Aquitain, and Confiable of the Tower of
47S. 5«
England — This is he, that before the King wm London.)
cbaUengd and accus'd by Henry of Lancaiter
Duke of Hereford.
+ 77- >S
Upon -- John Lord Howard. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE,
"5 Surrey —
And by King Henry the feventb made
Lord Treafurer. ^3 '
^' Xpir'd -w And, being canonized by the People
\a
Norfolk — And his Son the fame day created Earl r^ amongft the Saiyits, had his commemoration
of Surrey. kept both here and at Buckingham.
Army — At Branxton. 5H* 37* Appeal — Moreover, about that time he was made
Thomas — As well in his honours, as in the Om Lord Treafurer of England.
0/ Lord Treafurer of England, and liv'd in the 5*9' 74- Belong'd —
And, to turn a little afide, I may not
time of Queen Mary. omit Horton, whenas King Henry the eighth
created Sir W. Par Lord thereof, Uncle and Cham-
berlain to Queen Catharine Par, Baron Par
of
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Horton ; which Honour fimtly vanifh'd with

479. 58.
JErmins
Eltefley, where
— Above Caxton before-mention d,
was in elder ages a Religious
him, when he left only Daughters, who were mar-
ried into the Families of Trelham and Lane.
But to return, Sec.
Houfe of holy Virgins, among whom was celebrated 510. 1, Wedlingborough —
And VSod\ingborough,made
the tneertain memory of Saint Pandionia, the a Market by King John at the Suit of the Monks
daughter of a Scottifh King, as the Tradition of Crowland.
is. But long fince they were tranflated to Hin fz. Whereof — Sir Nicholas.
chinbrokc. And was the
again, above Eltefley 5
6- Town — In times pafl of the Peverells, and after
Priory of Sw'afey, founded for Black Monks by by them of the Ferrers.
Alan la Zoucb, brother to the Vifcount oj Rohan ^6> Thrapfton — Belonging likewife to them.
in the Lejfer Britain, and was the common Se
$21. '

10. Synod — Of one hundred and thirteen Bifbops.

pulture a long time for the Family o/Zouch.
I 9-
Huntingdon — Who were of the Royal race of

486. 35. 1 1 Min.

—
- Cam, from Cambridge continuing his Scotland.
—
eourfe by Watcrbeach,
an ancient Seat of Anns, 25. Fetter Which, both of it f
If and witha Falcon
which Lady Mary St. Paul tranflated from thence in it, was his Device or Emprefe, as imply-
to Denny fomewhat
higher, but nothing health- ing that he was lock'd up from all great hope, as
fuller when in a low ground he hath fpread
; < a younger Brother.
Mere, ajfociateth bimfelf with the river Oule. 3<5. Church —
In King Edward the fixth's time.
Office The Earls of Oxford alfo (that I may 44> Defcended — The form of the Keep beforefaid
y
note it incidently) by the heir of R. Sandford, built like a Fetterlock, occafionetb me to digrefs a
held the Manours of Fingrey and Walfelmeflon little, and I hope with your pardon, when the
by Serjeanty of Chamberlainfhip to the Queens at gravefl Authors in as fmall matters have done
the Coronation of their Kings. the like. Edmund of Langly Duke of York,
48S. 73- Cottons From which Wicken is not far di who built that Keep, and garnifh'd the Glafs-
(cant ; which came to the Family of the Peytons windows there with Fetter-locks, when he faw
by a Daughter and coheir of the Gernons, about his Sons, being young Scholars,
gating upon the

Jens —
Edward the third's time.
He began the fair
fuccejfors.
Palace at Ely for his
painted Windows, ask'd them, What was Latin
for a Fetter~lock ? They fiudying and looking fi-
lently one upon another, not able to anfwer : If

\{ r , .
Although it be feated fomewhat higher. Near you cannot tell me, fays he, I will tell you,
to it, is Downham, where the Bifloop hath his Hie, hac, hoc Taceatis, that is, Hie, hac hoc

refiding houfe with a Park. Near to Downham be filent, and quiet ; and therewithal added, God
is Cowney, the ancientefi feat of the Family, knoweth what may happen hereafter. This
firnamdfor their habitation here, Lifle and De King Edward the fourth, his great grand-child,re-
Infula, and planted here by Nigellus the ported publickly ; when he, having attained the
firfi

fecond Bifloop of Ely, their allie in the time of Crown, created Richard his younger Son Duke
King Henry the firfi, as is fet down in a Leiger- of York, and then commanding that he fhould ufe
book of Ely. Chateries or Cheaterich is not for his Badge the Fetter-lock open, to verifiethe
far hence wefiward, wheve Alwena a devout prefage of his g> eat grand-father. But this by the
-
woman, founded a Nunnery upon a copped grc ' way.
The
 d

in the Text of Mr. Camden.

Page. Line. Page, Line.

521. •)%. The — Deprived of the fame, recovering it a- 54°- 57- Dieu — Now belonging to a younger Houfe of the
gain. Beaumonts.
55. Away — Her fecond Son, and, &c. 67- Younger — the hereditaments of Thomas Earl
523. !<;- Lord —
546. of Lancafter, and Alice Lacy his wife, were
18. Girvians —
Or Finn-Country. feizfd into the King's hands, and alienated in
527. 36. By —
Suleby, fometimes an Abbey of black Monks :
divers forts ; the King enforcd her to releafe this
and by, &c. Manour to Hugh Difpenier the younger.
le

518. 5. Seen —
And called Burrows. 541. 19. Bupgb — And a town cali'd Burrough,
under it

belonging to an old Family of Gentlemen fo fir-

nam'd.
LEICESTERSHIRE. 542. 2. Elephantiafis — Becaufe the skins of Lepers are like
thofe of Elephants.
GUIDE — For the finding out of thofefaid 8. Hiftory —
Whether by celeflial influence, or other
Towns -which Antonine the Emperor fpecifi- bidden caufes, I leave to the learned.
fth in his Itinerary. 31. Same —
The river that water eth this part of the
5° Foultneys — Who took that name of Poulteney, Shire, is by the Inhabitants about it cali'd the
a place now decay d within the J'aid Lordfhip. Wreken, along which, upon refemblance of the
53 Vcrdons — Which only fl^eweth a fair Church, name, I have fought Vernometum, but in vain.
which hath been encreas'd by the- Foldings of This Wreken gathereth a flrong flream by many
Knights Degree and ancient Gentry in this Shire. lively Brooks reforting unto it, whereof one paffetb
6o Roir.e — And Religion* Men. by Wimondham, an ancient habitation of a
tV- 46. Grantmaifnill — A "Norman. younger branch of the Houfe of the Lords Barkleis,
533- 63 Zouch — Who defended from Alan Vifcount of well encreafed by an heir of D^Ia-Laund, andfo
Rohan in Little Britain, and Conflantia bis on by Meiton Mowbray before mention'd, by
wife, daughter to Conan le Grofle Earl of Bri- Kirkby-Bellers (where ihere-wm a Priory,) ha-
tain, and Maud his wife, the natural daughter ving that addition of the Bellers, a refpe'clive,
of Henry the firfl. rich, and noble Family in their time, by Bmkcsby
I0 . Seymour — Of Caftle-Cary. a Seat now of the Villiers of an old Norman
ibid. Holland — Tet their Father firfl beftow'd this Afh- race, and defended from an heir of Bellers :

by upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards- which Brokesby imparted formerly the firname
Caftle his Coufin, whofe younger iffue thereupon to Brokesbies of efpecial Antiquity in thefe
the

took the firname of Zouch ; and were Lords of parts. Then the Wreken fpeedtth by Ratcllfte,
Afhby. But from Eudo a younger Son of A- high mounted upon a Cliff, and within few miles

lane, who was /lain in Weftminfter-ball, the conjoyneth it felf to Soar, near unto Mont-Soar-
Lords Zouch of Having worth branch' d out, hill before mention'd. Whatfoever of this Shire
and have been for many defcents Barons of the lieth beyond the Wreken northward, is not fo
Realm. frequently inhabited, and part of it is cali'd the
50. Beaumont —
Defended from Sir Thomas Beau- Wold, as being hilly without wood wherein ;

mont, Lord of BacheviU in Normandy, brother Dalby, a Seat of the old Family of the Noels,
to the firfi Vifcount. Winch Sir Thomas ( as of whom I fid all fpeak elfewhere, and Waltham

fame write) was he who wm flain manfully fighting on the Wold, a mean Market, are mofi notable.
at juch time as the French recover d Paris from 'Through this part, as I have been informed,
the Englifh, in the time of King Henry tin paffetb the Folle-way, made by the Romans

fixth. from Lewing-Bridge, by Segrave, which gave

58. Ore — That is, by weight. firname to the honourable Family often mention d,

536- 46. Hofpital — As for this Hofpital, it continueth in and the Lodge on the Wold toward the Vale
fome good flate, as another Beadhoufe in the of Bever ; but the Track thereof as yet I know
town, built by W.But the Collegiate
Wigefton. not.

Church, which was a magnificent Work, and the 6z. Eoflu -- Becaufe he was crook-back'd ; who, after
greateft ornament of Leicefter, was demolifljed be bad rebeli'd againfl King Henry the
fiift,
when Religions Houfes were granted to the weary of bis loofe irregular life, became a Canon-
King. Regular.
59* Leicefter -- Wlien be began Gerondon-Abbey/or 63. Elanchemaines — Of his Lily-white bands who ;

Ciftercians. fided with the young King againfl King Henry

537. S. Raw-dikes — Or Road-dikes. the fecond, and died in the expedition of King
538. 24. Not — North-wefi from Leicefter. Richard the firfl to the Holy Land.
539- 26. Trent — A little above Cotes, now the habitation 67. Gvant-maifnil —
/;/ wbofe right he was Senefchal
Family Skipwith, originally defended or Steward of England, and died iffuelefs in the
of the of
out of Yorkfhire, and enrich 'd many years fince time of King John.
•with fair poffefftons in Lincolnshire, by an heir 73. 1200 — As wholly devoted to the French.
of Ormesby. J43, 5. Leicefter —
Granted to him the Stewardfhip of
34- Wall ~ Thefe Beaumonts defended from a younger England.
Son of John Count of Brene in France, who for ;44. 9. Sword — And extraordinarily favoured.
his high honour was prefer/ d to
and true valour 13. 1588 — Leaving the Fame only of his Great-
marry the heir of the Kingdom of Jerufalem, nefs behind him.

and with great pomp crown d King of Jerufalem

in the year of our Lord 1248. Hence it is, that
we fee theArms of Jerufalem fo often quarter' RUTLANDSHIRE.
•with thofe of Beaumont, in fundry places of En-
gland. Sir Henry Beaumont was the firfl that XXTHich — (I aU grieve to utter it, but Men
planted bimfelf in England, about the year VV know it.)

1308. Countrey — More eaflward, upon the river Wel-

54- Treafon — By Attainder of Lovel, it fell into the Iand, i" faw nothing remarkable, unlefs it be Be-
hands of King Henry the feventb. rohdon, now Barodon, which Thomas Beau-
Fin. 14 i , champ Earl of Warwick held with South-Luf-
III. f ]
[ fenham

IH
 the Page. Line.
page. Line. fenham and other Hamlets, by fervice to

King's Chamberlain in the Exchequer. j8o J2. Hence — Is Thurgarton, where Sir Ralph D'efn-
$4?. 2 7' Church — Which is large and j air. court founded a Priory, and fomewhat higher
546. 24. Harrington — Branch' d from the flem of the an- Southwell, &c.
cient Lords Harington. 581. 38. Self — Near Averham or Aram, an ancient ha-

16. Extern — A
'town adjacent, where he hath alfo bitation