Chapter 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction
This research is about the effect of sub-standard quality of electrical materials composes of
electrical materials that can be easily broken that can’t last longer because of using substandard
properties while producing these materials. Some of it can’t hold strong voltage like wires, bulbs,
sockets, and other electrical materials.
Now a days some of us choose to buy sub-standard quality electrical materials to use for
installation in their home. It’s very risky doing such a thing most of the time sub-standard quality
last only a days, weeks, or even worse is that it can cause accidents such as fire and in the end
you’ll just regret why you choose to buy such a cheap electrical materials, but if you buy the
original or standard quality electrical materials even if it cause more compare to the sub-standard
its better than putting people’s lives at risk.

Significant of the Study

The significant of this study is to know the effect of using sub-standard quality electrical
materials. We came up with this study to help the choose the right materials to use for
installation
in their homes to avoid disaster such as fire and loss of lives.
This section will state that the contribution of our study and its usefulness, thus study
will
mainly focus on the question, what is the effect of using sub-standard quality electrical materials.
Consumer, the ones who will benefit mostly in this study because thus will help them in
choosing the right materials to use for installation in their homes.
Future researchers, this research will also beneficial to future researcher because this
can
serve as their basis for their study related to electrical installation.
Statement of the Problem
This research study aim’s to know the effect of using sub-standard quality electrical
materials even if it is dangerous and risky to use for installation in our home.
This study aim’s to answer the following questions;
1.How are the respondent described in terms of;
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.4 Occupation;
2.Number of person in same house;
3.Reason of using sub-standard quality electrical material;

Conceptual Framework of the Study

This study shall attempt to clarify the uncertainty and abstractness of the effect using sub-
standard quality electrical materials.
The conceptual framework of the study provides the conceptual model for understanding
of
the effect to which investigation and research should be undertaken.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research is about the effect of using sub-standard quality electrical materials. Our
target respondents are the people at the Purok 6 in Barangay Balaybay Resettlement Castillejos
Zambales. To help them choose the proper and standard quality of electrical materials to avoid
disaster for their safety.
 Chapter 2
FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Review of related literature

This chapter features the review of related literature and which provides constructs and
insight as to present study.

The use of sub-standard cables and other electrical materials has been discovered as the

major cause of fire outbreaks. One problem we see is that everybody wants to give excuses that

the economy is not good, so when they go to the market, they buy the most affordable cables.

The most affordable cables are the most dangerous cables, so we want the public to be aware that

whenever they want to embark on projects, they should seek advice from experts.

These substandard materials not only degenerate to losses of energy, equipment and

revenue but sometimes it involves loss of life. Substandard materials used in the system are

vulnerable to faults because they are weak and cannot withstand the specified current capacity

which original materials can withstand, secondly they are less sensitive to fault which prolongs

the stress of the fault current thereby resulting to fire outbreak.

According to the 2014 Group Bemoans the most of the electrical wiring materials found on

the local market are not certified by the international standard.

According to 2017 by Datuk Dr Abdul Razak Abdul, overloading of circuits can also

caused by improper use of sub-standard cables or wires besides the extension cord and/or faulty
wiring installation. The sub-standard cables or wires that are illegally produced, under-designed

or non-compliant design against the globally recognized international standard.

Foreign Literature

According to Abuja (2018), the use of sub-standard cables and other electrical materials
has

been discovered as the major cause of fire outbreaks, he said; that the one problem that they see

is that everybody wants to give excuses that the economy is not good, so when they go to the

market, they buy the most affordable electrical materials but the most affordable materials are
the

most dangerous cables.

Paradigm of the Study

To know the effect of using sub-standard quality electrical materials In Purok 6 Balaybay

Resettlement Castillejos, Zambales. The paradigm of the study follows the Input-Process-Output

(IPO) model as shown in Figure 1.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the respondents
1. Age
2. Sex Survey questionnaire
3. Civil Status using:
4. Occupation
6. Number of person in Sampling Technique
same house
Interviews

Respondent’s perception The effect of using

Observations
on using substandard sub-standard quality
quality electrical materials electrical materials in
Statistical tools:
1. Reason for using sub- purok 6 Balaybay
1. Frequency
standard quality electrical Resettlement
Distribution
materials Castillejos, Zambales
2. Relative
Frequency
3. Weighted Mean
4. Standard
Deviation
5. Chi-square
6. Pearson r
7. t-test
 Chapter 3

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

The paradigm show illustrates how the research will utilize the data input to which

include the profile of the respondents and their reason in using sub-standard quality

electrical materials in Purok 6 Balaybay Resettlement Castillejos, Zambales.

The prosses will involve the use of questionnaire, interviews, and observation about

the study. The output is the effect of using sub-standard quality electrical materials in

purok 6 Balaybay Resettlement Castillejos, Zambales.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are used to elaborate the substantiate the meaning of the

concepts and constructs used in this study as they are defined conceptually and how they

used in study.

Costumer-respondents this refers to the consumer who choose to buy sub-standard

quality electrical materials and serve us respondents and source of data in the study.

Bureau of Philippine Standard (BPS)- manded to develop, implement and promote

standard quality of materials, technical regulations and conformity assessment

procedures. www.bps.dti.gov.ph
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This research used phenomenological and descriptive method to determine the

understanding of the participants including their experiences and insight to achieve the
objectives
of this study. In a phenomenological study, you use a combination of methods, such as
conducting
interviews, reading documents, watching videos, or visiting places and events and then interpret
data with the aid of statistical treatment.

Respondents
The respondents of this study will be the people who lives in Purok 6 Balaybay
Resettlement Castillejos, Zambales through proper observation, interviews, and administration of
structured questionnaires.

Sampling Method
The researchers employ purposive sampling method since the participants are
expected to have experience about using sub-standard quality of electrical materials. The
selection of the participants are based on their insight about the study.

The research Instruments

 The following are the various instruments that will be used by the researchers in

gathering data pertinent to the conduct of the study.

Interviews. It is an important survey instrument where the researchers select the group
of respondents to gather important data needed for the study. Series of interviews will be
conducted
to the people who are using sub-standard quality electrical materials. By using this method, the
researchers will gain perceptions and insights about the problems and conceptualized probable
solutions to the problems that will be identified.
Questionnaire/Survey. This instrument will be used to collect original data to generate

generalizations about the effects of certain phenomena as experienced by the multitude. In

gathering the much needed data, a survey questionnaire will be prepared and will be given to the

respective people in Purok 6 Balaybay Resettlement Castillejos Zambales to know the effect

using sub-standard quality electrical materials.

The questionnaire will be consisting of two parts. The first part is the profile of the

respondents and the second will be the perceptions toward the use of sub-standard quality

electrical materials.

Instruments

The researcher will formulate a survey questionnaire to collect the needed data for this

research. The survey questionnaire is consists of two parts.

The first part of the questionnaire deals with the respondent’s profile in terms of age, sex,

civil status, and occupation.

The second part solicits their perception about the effect of using sub-standard quality

electrical materials.
 Follow-up interviews shall be conducted too. The persons who use sub-standard quality

electrical materials will be interviewed. By using this method, the researcher will gain insights

about the problems stated and would be able to conceptualize probable solutions.

Validation of instrument is needed in order that gathering of data and information would

be reliable in all aspect of the research. The survey instrument shall be validated by the all people

in Purok 6 Balaybay Resettlement Castillejos, Zambales. Suggestions and recommendations

shall be solicited from these individuals. A dry-run shall be conducted to shed gray areas.

DATA COLLECTION
For the purpose of this research, unstructured interviews will be use. The interview
uses open-ended questions to engage the respondent in an open, informal, and spontaneous
discussion. The researchers also probes with further questions and explores inconsistencies to
gather more in depth information on the topic. The main advantage of personal interviews is that
they can ask further questions and eliminate unnecessary ideas, as well as, the researchers have
dialect contact with participants