ASSIGNMENT: 2

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

NAME: WARDAH MUKHTAR (20396)

SUBMITTED TO: SIR NAWAR

Q-1:
List down atleast 5 instruments / gauges used for inspection in primary,
secondary and tertiary industries each with purpose / tests to be carried out for
inspection.

Testing Equipment’s for NESTLE Milk PAK and there purpose for inspection are as
follows for each industry.

PRIMARY INDUSTRY:

Test Equipment’s for inspection

PH pH meter, burner (source of heat)

Clot on boiling (C.O.B) Beaker

Alcohol measuring cylinder

Acidity Beaker, dropper

Gerber butterfat Acid dispenser/Gerber acid pipette, 1 ml pipette for

Amyl alcohol, Butyrometer rack.

Lactometer/Density/S.G measuring cylinder (for holding sample),

Incubator or oven or water bath

Microbiological Test Autoclave, Spatula, wire loops,

Refrigerator, Thermometer and viscometer

Viscosity water bath, beaker

Others Scoopers/samplers, dippers and stirrer

 Secondary industry
1: Electric Gerber Centrifuge Machine (equipment)

PURPOSE:

Gerber Centrifuges are manufactured for chemical analysis on dairy products.

Butter fat content determination is an essential analytical procedure in the dairy
industry. Given the principle of butterfat analysis, Gerber centrifuge becomes
basic equipment in the process hence basic equipment in every laboratory.
Gerber Centrifuges are designed to meet very high safety standards. In every
centrifuge, you will find the following features:

 Gerber centrifuges come in different capacities (18, 12, 24, etc.)

 Each machine comes with a motor that has elastic bearing feature to
ensure smooth run. The centrifuge also comes with anti-vibrator pads to
ensure the machine remains grounded during operations.

 The centrifuge has an automatic shutoff feature that will snap into action
when the machine detects any imbalance. In some devices, the covering
glass will break to alert you.

 The Gerber centrifuge has a cover lock that ensures the machine will not
run unless it is properly secured.

 Gerber centrifuges come with a strong metallic sheet with acid-resistant

paint. This ensures the machine does not get corroded in case of acid
spillage.

 Every Gerber centrifuge has a mechanical brake for safe operations. The
machines are calibrated to run for 5 minutes.

 Each unit is heated to eliminate the need for water bath after
centrifugation.

2. Gerber Butyrometer (equipment)

PURPOSE

A Gerber butyrometer is special measuring equipment for determining the fat

content of dairy products. There are special butyrometers for fresh milk and
cream. A butyrometer works with a Gerber centrifuge and is an indispensable
instrument in the butter fat determination process. When you buy this item for
laboratory use, do not forget the butyrometer stand.

3. Milk Sampler / Scoops (equipment)

PURPOSE

Milk sampling dipper /scoop are a metallic cylindrical container with a long handle
used to obtain milk sample from a homogeneous bulk. It comes in various
capacities depending on the purpose of the sample and the container from which
the sample is drawn. It is very handy when sampling milk from churns and other
medium-sized bulk storage tanks.

4. Milk Sampling Bottles (equipment)

PURPOSE

Milk sampling bottles can be made of either glass or plastic. Their capacities vary
depending on the size of sample to be obtained for analysis. They are designed to
ensure maximum hygiene for the sample.

5. Gerber Lactometer (equipment)

PURPOSE

Lactometers are special hydrometers used to check the specific density of fluids.
Gerber lactometers are specially made for determining the density of milk and are
very sensitive to changes in milk solids. The sensitivity of a Gerber lactometer is
due to its size and the lead shots at the base that are calibrated to detect the
slightest changes in density.

Tertiary Industry
1: FORMALIN TEST
PURPOSE

Milk is produced in rural and suburban areas of the country and is

transported twice a day to big cities. During summer months, milk usually
gets spoiled. The milk transporters add ice blocks to keep milk cool and
formalin to preserve the milk in the containers. Formalin is highly toxic and
carcinogenic therefore formalin added milk is hazardous for end
consumers.

Equipment’s for inspection

1-Test reagent

2-Test tubes

3- Pasteur pipette

4-Milk sample

2: HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TEST

PURPOSE

During long transportation from villages to big cities in summer months, milk
usually gets spoiled. The middle men add ice block to keep milk cool and
hydrogen peroxide to preserve the milk in containers. The hydrogen peroxide
is highly toxic; therefore hydrogen peroxide added milk is health hazard for
end consumers.

Equipment’s for inspection

1-Test reagent

2-Test tubes

3- Pasteur pipette

4-Milk sample

3: STARCH TEST

PURPOSE
Starch of cereal flours such as flour of sangaraha (water caltrop) is commonly
added to increase the density of milk (Lactometer reading) that reduces if it is
adulterated with water. Uncooked starch may be health hazard for consumers
but it is deceiving/ cheating to the end consumers. The presence of starch or
cereal flours is detected in the laboratory.

Equipment’s for inspection

1-Test reagent

2-Test tubes

3- Pasteur pipette

4: SOAPS/ DETERGENTS

PURPOSE

During transportation of milk from rural to urban areas, milkers remove fat
and add water in the skimmed milk. This result the milk watery and lack of
foams so the milkers add detergent to improve the milky foam formation.

Equipment’s for inspection

1: Test tubes

2: Pasteur pipette

5: Milk Can Test

PURPOSE

A milk churn is a cylindrical metallic container used to hold milk during

transportation. Milk churns are also referred to as milk cans. They are
standardized and come in different capacities for easy handling and cleaning.
Most milk cans are made of either stainless steel or aluminum material. These
metals are properly welded for maximum durability and the seamless body makes
them easy to clean for hygienic purposes.

Equipment’s for inspection

1: Volumetric Flask

2: Bottles