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Architectural Terms and Symbols PDF
Architectural Terms and Symbols PDF
3 Fundamental Factors
1. Venustas - beauty
2. Firmitas - strength
3. Utilitas – functionality
Parts of a Building
Façade
– the front of a building any of its sides facing a public way or space
Porch
– an exterior appendage to a building, forming a covered approach vestibule to a doorway
Stoop
- a raised platform, approached by steps and sometimes having a roof, at the entrance of the house
Terrace
- an open, paved area connected to a house or building and serving as an outdoor living area
Balcony
– an elevated platform projecting from the wall of a building and enclose by raising or parapet.
Atrium
- a sky lit, central court in a building especially a large interior surrounded by several stories of galleries
Veranda
- a large open bowl, usually roofed and party enclosed, as by railing, open extending across the front and sides of
a horse
Gazebo
- a free standing roofed structure, usually open on the side, affording shade and rest in a garden or park
Trellis
- a frame supporting latticework, used as a screen or a support for growing vines or plant
Ceiling
- the overhead interior space or lining of a room, often concealing the underside of the floor
or roof above
2. Quarter-turn Stair
- a stair making a right-angled form, consisting a two straight flights connected by an
3. Half-turn Stair
- a stair that turn 180’ or through two right angles at an intervening landing
4. Spiral Stair
- a circular stair having a wedge-shaped treads winding around and supported by a central spot
5. Double-return Stair
- a stair having one wide flight from the main door to an intermediate landing, and two side flights from that
landing to the floor above
DOORS
1. Swinging Door
- a door that turns on a hinges or pivots about a vertical edge when pushed or pulled
2. Sliding Door
- a door that operates or moves by sliding on a track, usually parallel to a wall
3. Folding Door
- a door with hinged sections that can be folded that against one another when opened
4. Bi-fold Door
- a folding door that divides into two leaves
5. Accordion Door
- a multi-leafed door that is hung from an overhead track
6. Revolving Door
- an entrance door excluding drafts from the interior of a building providing a legal passageway on both sides of
the door pivot
7. Pocket Door
- a door that slides into and end of a recess in a doorway hall
WINDOWS
1. Sliding Window
- a window having two or more sashes of which at least one slides along grooves or tracks
2. Jalousie Window
- a window having horizontal glass or wood lowers that pivot simultaneously in a common frame
3. Awning Window
- a window having one or more sashes swinging outward on hinges generally attached to the top of the frame
4. Picture Window
- a large, usually fixed single pre-window, placed to the frame on attractive exterior view
5. French Window
- a pair of casement of windows extending to the floor an serving us a doorway
6. Bay Window
- a window or series of windows projecting outward from the main wall of a building
ROOFING
1. Flat Roof
- a roof having no slope, or one with only a slight pitch so as to drain rain water
2. Fable Roof
- a roof sloping downward in two parts from a central ridge, so as to form a cable at each end
3. Hip Roof
- a roof having sloping ends and sides meeting at an inclined projecting angle
4. Shed Roof
- a roof having a single slope
5. Butterfly Roof
- a roof having two slopes each ascending inward from the leaves
6. Barrel Roof
- a roof or ceiling having a semi cylindrical form
7. Pavilion Roof
- a pyramidal hip roof
8. Dormer
- a roof projecting structure built out from a sloping roof
DRAWING
1. Sketch
- a simple or hasty executed drawing representing essential features of an object or scene without details
2. Study
- a drawing produced as a preliminary to a final work (sometimes referred as referential drawing)
3. Esquisse
- a sketch showing the general features of a design or plan
4. Line
- a thin continuous mark made on a surface
5. Outline
- describing the outer boundary of an object
6. Profile
- an outline of a form or structure seen or represented from the side
Drafting Lines
1. Object Line
- representing a contour of an object
2. Pasted Line
- a broken line used to represent object lines that are hidden
3. Center Line
- to represent the axis of a symmetrical element or composition
Draftline Lines
1. Dimension Lines
- line terminated by arrows, short lashes or dots, indicating the extent on magnitude of a part or the whole, and along which
measurements are scaled or indicated
2. Extension Lines
- a line extending from an edge of feature of an object, to which a dimension line is drawn
3. Drafting Lines
- a short line leading the edge from note or dimension to a reference point, line, or area
4. Break Lines
- a broken line consisting a relatively segments joined by a short zigzag arrows, used to cut off a portion of a drawing
Other Terms
Arch
- a curved structure for spanning an opening design to support a vertical lead primarily by axial composition
Dome
- a vaulted structure having a circular plan and usually the form
Vault
- an arched structure forming a ceiling over a hall room, or other wholly or partially enclosed space
Tross
- a structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of a triangle and composed of linear members subject only to axial tension or
compression