2020-04-01 Used Car Buying Guide PDF

Best Appliances,
Looking for the

Safest Cars, or Home Care Tips?
Get independent, unbiased information

you can trust from Consumer Reports
These special publications can be found at newsstands nationwide

or online at cr.org/books
UCG01BK
TRADE-IN TIPS
HOW TO GET TOP DOLLAR
◀ FORD RANGER
UsedCars 284
TM
MODELS
RATED
BEST SUVs,
SMART PICKS
FROM $5,000
TO $25,000
CARS + MODEL WEAK

SPOTS WHAT
FAILS AND WHEN
TRUC
CHEVROLET EQUINOX
APRIL 2020 CR.ORG
PLUS
SAFEST
CHOICES
FOR TEENS MAZDA CX-5 Please display until April 20, 2020
MEMBERSHIP BENEFIT
FIND OUT IF YOUR CAR

HAS A RECALL
Car Recall Tracker™ keeps you

up to date on recalls for your vehicles.
One out of four cars on the road has a recall that hasn’t been fixed, so stay
informed and stay safe with this valuable CR tool. Just enter your car’s make and model,
and we’ll give you a list of any recalls, plus information on what to do next.
Check out Car Recall Tracker™ at cr.org/membership
UCG01RT
Contents APRIL 2020
Toyota Prius
P. 29
4 Should You Buy CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 6

a Newer Car?
Use this helpful flowchart to 32 Stretch Your 62 Think Before You Buy 78 Keep Your Car and
determine whether you Fuel Economy How to navigate the world Tires in Top Shape
should keep your current From gasoline to hybrids to of auto financing, from Tips on how to save money
car or buy a newer one. full electric vehicles, we help banks and credit unions to on car maintenance and
you make sense out of saving FICO and HELOC. advice on shopping for tires.
money when you refuel. Plus: CR’s exclusive tire
CHAPTER 1
R ATI N G S
CHAPTER 5
test results.
6 Find the Right R ATI N G S
Vehicle for You CHAPTER 3 72 Get Top Dollar
PHOTOS: GET T Y IMAGES
Used vehicles are a tremen- for Your Old Car 96 Vehicle Profiles
dous value. We help you 48 Avoid a Lemon When you need to dispose Expert reviews, pricing, and
narrow your choices down This is your best chance to of your old car, do you crash-test data for 284 cars,
to the best options for you. size up the car you might buy. trade it in or sell it yourself? trucks, and SUVs.
R ATI N G S Here’s how you can make We detail what you need R ATI N G S
the most of it. to do to make the best choice
for your bank account.
CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 1

From the Editors
INSIDE
President and CEO Marta L. Tellado
CR’S LABS
Senior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer Leonora Wiener
Vice President, Chief Content Officer Gwendolyn Bounds
Editor in Chief, Consumer Reports Magazine Diane Salvatore
Design Director Matthew Lenning Creative Director, Brand Young Kim
Associate Design Director Sheri Geller
Art Directors Tammy Morton Fernandez, Lisa Slater, Tracy Stora
Photo Editors Emilie Harjes, Karen Shinbaum
Vice President, Research, Testing & Insights Liam McCormack
Senior Director, Content Development Glenn Derene
Deputy Directors, Content Development Christopher Kirkpatrick, Ellen Kunes
Associate Directors, Content Development Scott Billings, Althea Chang
Senior Director, Content Impact & Corporate Outreach Jen Shecter
Editorial Director, Digital Erle Norton
Senior Director, Product Testing Maria Rerecich
AUTO TEST CENTER: Deputy Editors: Jeff S. Bartlett, Jonathan Linkov,
Jeff Plungis Multimedia Content Creators: Keith Barry, Mike Monticello
Auto Test Center: Jake Fisher, Jennifer Stockburger, Directors
Product Testers: Michael Bloch, Child Seat Project Leader; Frank
Chamberlain, Track Maintenance Specialist; Erik Dill, Facilities Manager;
Steve Elek, Senior Automotive Data Analyst; Kelly Funkhouser, Program
Manager, Vehicle Interface; John Ibbotson, Chief Mechanic; Michael Jascot,
Maintenance Specialist; Chris Jones, Auto Tire Technician; Steve Kuczynski,
Facilities Technician; Anita Lam, Associate Director, Automotive Data
Integration; Gene Petersen, Tire Program Manager; Ryan Pszczolkowski,
The CR Difference
Auto Tire Technician; Mike Quincy, Automotive Content Specialist; Mary
Reed, Business Manager; Gabriel Shenhar, Associate Director, Auto Test
Program, Vehicle Dynamics; Shawn Sinclair, Automotive Engineer; Emily A.
Thomas, Automotive Safety Engineer; Joe Veselak, Senior Testing Technician
IF YOU’RE READING THIS, only to you, the consumer— Chief Scientific Officer James H. Dickerson
you’ve already made two smart with tips on how to keep a Product Safety Don Huber, Director; Doris Sullivan, Associate Director
decisions: You’ve decided to dealership from fast-talking Content Operations Robert Kanell, Director
buy a used car, and you’ve you into buying a lemon Premedia William Breglio, Associate Director; Eugene Chin, William Hunt,
Anthony Terzo
asked CR’s experts to help you (page 48), how to get the lowest Production Nancy Crowfoot, Associate Director; Eric W. Norlander,
choose the right one. interest rate on a car loan Manager; Diane Chesler, Letitia Hughes, Terri Kazin, Aileen McCluskey
Copy Editing Leslie Monthan, Copy Chief; Noreen Browne, Alison France,
A used car can be a great (page 62), and how to get the Wendy Greenfield
value. They’ve already taken most for your trade-in (page 72). Fact Checking & Research David Schipper, Associate Director; Tracy
Anderman, Joy Crane, Sarah Goralski, Christine Gordon, Karen Jacob,
their biggest depreciation hits, That way, we can help you Jamison Pfeifer
so you can often find one with make an informed buying Photography John Powers, John Walsh
moderate mileage and in good decision free of marketing hype, Imaging Francisco Collado, Mark Linker
condition at an attractive price. so you can get the right car at Chief Research Officer Kristen Purcell
Consumer Engagement Testing Charu Ahuja, Director; Samuel Chapman,
Buying used also means that the best price.
Linda Greene, Dana Keester
you will end up driving a car —CR’s Auto Test Team Statistics & Data Science Michael Saccucci, Director; Andrew Cohen,
with more advanced safety Kristen Dorrell, Dina Haner, Keith Newsom-Stewart
Survey Research Karen Jaffe, Simon Slater, Associate Directors; Dave
features than you would find in Gopoian, Kendra Johnson, Debra Kalensky, Martin Lachter, Jane Manweiler,
a similarly-priced new car But John McCowen, Adam Troy, Tess Yanisch
FOLLOW
with so many vehicles for sale, Consumer Insight Monica Liriano, Associate Director; Joey Edwards, Selina
CONSUMER REPORTS’ Tedesco, Teneisha Thomas, Frank Yang
it can be tough to find the one EXPERTS Marketing Dawn Nelson, Senior Director; Patricia McSorley, Newsstand
that will meet all your needs. Procurement Operations Steven Schiavone, Associate Director
That’s where we come in. Administration Decarris Bryant, Dawn Yancy Elleby, Donna Johnson
Only CR has tested more than FACEBOOK
VICE PRESIDENTS: Chief Communications Officer Matt Anchin;
fb.com/
800 vehicles over the past consumerreportscars Financial Planning & Analysis JoAnne Boyd; Chief Digital Officer Jason
decade, putting each one Fox; Advocacy David Friedman; Chief Intelligence Officer Esther Han;
General Counsel Michael Hubner; Development Geoffrey MacDougall;
through more than 50 evalu- YOUTUBE Business Strategy & Planning Betsy Parker; Chief Human Resources
ations. And only CR conducts /consumerreports Officer Rafael Pérez; Chief Marketing Officer Lauren Stanich; Chief Social
Impact Officer Shar Taylor; SVP, Chief Financial Officer Eric Wayne
annual reliability and owner
CONSUMER REPORTS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE (ISSN
satisfaction surveys of its mem- 1530-3267) is published by Consumer Reports, Inc., 101 Tru-
INSTAGRAM
bers. In 2019, we gathered data @crcars
man Ave., Yonkers, NY 10703. CONSUMER REPORTS USED
CAR BUYING GUIDE is registered in the U.S. Patent Office.
on about 420,000 vehicles. Contents of this issue copyright © 2020 by Consumer Reports, Inc. All rights
About the only things you reserved under international and Pan-American copyright conventions.
won’t find in this guide are car TWITTER The information in USED CAR BUYING GUIDE is intended solely for the use
@CRCars of its readers and may not be used in advertising or for any other commercial
company advertisements. CR purpose. For information on how Consumer Reports content can be used,
is a nonprofit organization, go to CR.org/nocommercialuse. Reproduction of this publication in whole or
in part is forbidden without prior written permission (and is never permitted
and we don’t answer to auto- PINTEREST for advertising purposes).
makers or dealers. We answer /consumerreports CR’s staff operates under a contract between CR and The
NewsGuild of New York Local 31003, CWA. Printed in U.S.A.
2 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

Who We Are and How We Test
ROAD-TEST READY
Our 327-acre
Auto Test Center,
located in central
Connecticut.
WE ARE CONSUMER REPORTS, the country’s but we drive each car thousands of miles One involves driving the cars up to and be-
preeminent, independent, nonprofit over several months. yond their limits on our road course. The
consumer-product testing organization. Our evaluations consist of more than other, a crash-avoidance course, simulates
Results of our tests and surveys appear on 50 individual tests. That’s how we know the maneuver needed to avoid hitting a
CR.org, in Consumer Reports magazine, which cars are best for short and tall child, an animal, or an object that sud-
across social media, and in books like this drivers (page 11) and which pickup trucks denly appears in your lane of travel.
one, the Used Car Buying Guide. get the best fuel economy (page 39). CR’s fuel-economy tests are independent
Inside you’ll find a wealth of information Some evaluations, such as those for of government and auto-company claims.
about 2010 to 2019 used cars, SUVs, and acceleration, braking, and fuel economy, First, we splice a precision fuel meter
trucks. We’ll let you know which models are objective, instrumented tests that system into each car’s fuel line. Then we
are available and how they compare in require state-of-the-art electronic gear. conduct a stop-and-go city-driving circuit
performance, fuel economy, and safety. Others, such as assessments of at the track and log highway fuel economy
We also give you expert advice on seat comfort, ease-of-use of controls, and at a steady 65 mph on a straight stretch
determining how much you can afford, the ride quality, are more subjective and of public highway. We derive our overall
best ways to shop, and how to get the most graded by a jury of auto-test staffers. Each fuel-economy figures from these tests.
for your money—even if you hate haggling. tester spends hours behind the wheel CR evaluates headlights through in-
Each year, CR conducts its exclusive of each car, at our facility, in everyday strumented tests and on a nighttime
member survey for auto reliability and driving, and on road trips and travel course lined with a series of black targets
owner satisfaction—we received data with their families. set up at specified distances apart.
on about 420,000 vehicles in 2019— Separate evaluations cover controls In addition to vehicles, we evaluate tires
so you can trust us to tell you which cars and displays, cabin and trunk space, and and child seats.
to buy and which to avoid. vehicle fit and finish. ° Tires. As part of our exhaustive tests,
Our auto test track allows us to safely we run tires for thousands of miles to
How We Test Cars evaluate all cars under similar conditions project tread life. We evaluate most com-
Situated on 327 acres in rural Connecticut, and at their testing limits. It includes a mon types of car and SUV tires, from
the Consumer Reports Auto Test Center 4,400-foot main straight that runs into a all-seasons to ultra-high-performance and
3,500-foot handling course of undulating winter tires (page 78).
ILLUSTR ATION: NICOL AS R APP
is home to some 30 staff members—

automotive engineers, auto writers and turns of varying radius and elevation. ° Child seats. We evaluate every car to see
editors, technicians, analysts, and support We use dedicated lanes to test dry and how easy it is to install a variety of child
staff. They take turns anonymously buying wet braking, and for our evaluations of seats and get them cinched up securely.
each of the 60 or so cars and trucks emergency handling. Many trials are Crash-testing for child seats is conducted
tested each year. industry-standard tests, but some are at an outside contract lab.
Most other car reviewers borrow cars unique to us: Learn more about how Consumer
from manufacturers for a week at a time, Emergency-handling tests are twofold. Reports tests at CR.org/autotest.

How to Shop for Your Next Car
START HERE
Should You Buy a

Newer Car? If you
want to save
money.
Is your car
a gas guzzler?
ARE YOU ITCHING to replace your about cost, safety, and connectiv- Yes
car? It may be surprising, but ity. If your mechanic is spending
the one you’re driving right now more time with your car than you
Would you
could be a keeper. Here’s why: are and your repair bills are as big save a lot of
money with
No
Cars built in the past decade are as monthly payments on a newer more mpg?
more reliable than ever. With car, it’s probably time to trade up.
proper care, many newer cars will The only older cars that are worth
provide relatively trouble-free ser- keeping are the ones that are reli- No
vice for 200,000 miles or more. able and safe.
If your car is only a few years At a minimum, an older car
old, keeping it will free you from should have electronic stability Are annual
repair costs
a new cycle of payments and control and curtain airbags. Yes more than car
payments?
save you a bundle in insurance, More recent cars can be found
taxes, and other expenses. It will with forward collision warning
also save you from depreciation: (FCW), automatic emergency
Yes
Today’s brand-new cars lose 46 braking (AEB), and blind spot
percent of their value, on average, warning (BSW)—all recommended
in the first three years. safety features. No
But even if that newer car has And if you’re looking for the
better fuel economy, you’ll need latest electronic convenience and
to save a lot of money at the pump entertainment systems, you’re
to make up for those depreciation probably going to want a new car,
and sales-tax hits. or at least an almost-new one.
But money isn’t everything. Certain features, such as Blue-
Your current ride probably doesn’t tooth capability for hands-free
have the latest safety and conve- calls, can be added to an older car
nience features, and your warranty with aftermarket equipment but
has probably expired. And even may lack the integration and ease
the most reliable models grow trou- of use of a factory system.
blesome as they age. Finally, be sure to choose from
To determine whether you our list of reliable used cars, start-
should replace your car, think ing on page 26. Keep your car
for a few
more years.

START HERE START HERE
If you want If you

more safety want more
features. technology.
Do you Have your

have electronic vehicle needs
stability control changed?
(ESC)?
Yes No
Do you want Do you want

the latest safety No the latest in-car Yes
features? technology?
No No
Are you
concerned about Do you have
Yes Yes Bluetooth and
breakdowns? navigation?
Yes No
What’s CR’s Are you

used-car No okay with an Yes
ILLUSTR ATION: RYAN VULK
verdict for aftermarket

your car? solution?
Above Below
No Yes
Average Average
SALE!
Buy a 2- or Upgrade your

3-year-old phone and
used car. keep your car.

1
FIND THE
RIGHT
VEHICLE
FOR YOU
Here’s how to assess your used-car needs.
Savvy buyers know that used cars are great

values. A 3-year-old car might sell for
half what it cost new, yet its performance
and driving experience remains similar
to a brand-new version. But the process
can be confusing: There are three times as
many used cars sold each year as new
cars. Sure, choices are available at every
price, but it’s tough to sift through all
the variants. In this chapter we will help
you sort through the clutter.
6
1 Find the Right Vehicle
Why Buy Used?

It’s the Smart Choice
8
THE KEY TO MAKING the right choice Warranties and repairs. Although tion, including the model’s popularity,
is finding the vehicle that best fits used cars are more reliable than perceived quality, supply, and whether
your priorities, such as price, fuel econ- ever, maintenance and repair costs or not it’s the current generation. The
omy, safety, comfort, and reliability. are still important considerations. average depreciation on a $35,000 car
We lay out a systematic approach to Plus, used cars may run out of war- means that after three years it’s worth
assessing your needs and match them ranty coverage. You can expect not only about $17,800—a huge hit in the
to a manageable number of candidate only more problems as the years and vehicle’s residual value.
cars. Our recommendations are based miles pile up but also more costly ones. Interest rates. Historically, loans
on hands-on testing, the largest pool This means owners will have to pay for for new cars have a lower interest rate
of reliability data available anywhere, potentially costly repairs in addition than ones for used cars. At the end of
and our car experts’ accumulated to parts that get worn, such as tires, 2019, the national average for a new-
knowledge. This chapter will guide brakes, and batteries. But even if you car loan interest rate was 4.71 percent,
you to the best models and steer you replaced all those things the moment according to Bankrate.com. By com-
away from those that don’t measure you bought a used car, you’d still save parison, the average used-car loan rate
up. At the same time, we’ll show more than buying a new car. was 5.29 percent. If you have a $25,000
you where to find the info to make There is always the risk that you’ll budget for a car, that means you’ll
a smart decision. buy a lemon. Even a model with a spend $400 more on interest over the
great reliability history may include a lifetime of a 60-month loan buying
The Used-Car Sweet Spot poor example, or have been abused, used versus buying new.
Two- and 3-year-old used vehicles are neglected, or damaged by its owner. Insurance and taxes. You’ll usually
often the best values when shopping By using the tips in Chapter 3 and having pay a bit less to insure a used vehicle
for a car. Their price is lower than a the vehicle thoroughly inspected by than a new version of the same model.
comparable new car’s, and continuing a qualified mechanic, you can protect The same usually goes for excise or
expenses such as collision insurance yourself against nasty surprises. wheel tax, if applicable.
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: IMAGE SOURCE /AL AMY STOCK PHOTO. PHOTO, OPPOSITE PAGE: K ATHRYN ALLEN HURNI /GET T Y IMAGES
and taxes are lower. Plus, a 2- or 3-year- Depreciation. Rapid depreciation Safety. When you buy a used car you
old vehicle has already taken its biggest is one major disadvantage of buying might not get the latest safety features.
depreciation hit, but may still have a new car. Models usually lose about Features such as rearview cameras,
warranty coverage left. Buying used is 46 percent of their value during the first AEB, and BSW may not be available
also a way to get a nicer, safer car than three years, compared with 24 percent on older vehicles. But systems such as
you’d be able to afford new. over the next three, but this can vary. antilock brakes, traction control, and
But buying a used vehicle means The BMW 328i, for example, holds its electronic stability control are quite
being able to find the right balance value relatively well (about 43 percent commonplace. Be sure to check crash
of value and risk. The following section depreciation over the first three years), test ratings, as newer cars tend to per-
presents some issues to consider. If while the Lincoln MKZ has depreciated form better than older ones.
you are still unsure about whether to more rapidly (about 50 percent).
keep your car or buy a newer one, turn Several factors determine deprecia- How Much Will It Cost?
to our decision tree, on page 4. You may already be dreaming of a
Reliability. One thing that has made model that caught your eye, or of fea-
used cars more appealing is their im- tures that will make your driving more
proved reliability. In an analysis of Con- pleasurable. But the first step in buy-
sumer Reports’ 2019 Auto Reliability ing a car should be to estimate what
36%
WHAT CAN YOU AFFORD?
Survey, members reported about 40% price range you can afford. To do this,
fewer problems with 5-year-old cars you need two pieces of information:
than those of the same age in the 2014 Down payment. How much money
Survey. Rust and exhaust-system prob- can you pay up front in cash, with a
lems are no longer common, and trade-in, or both?
major engine and transmission prob- Monthly payment. If you plan to
lems have also decreased, making borrow money, what is the maximum
late-model used vehicles far less of a monthly payment you can afford?
risk. When properly maintained, It used to be easy to find an auto loan
Your total monthly debt
today’s vehicles should easily surpass payments should never exceed that required a low down payment
100,000 miles without major work, this percentage of your gross or none at all. But those deals are now
and many could reach 200,000 miles. monthly income. more difficult to find. To minimize your

overall cost for the loan, put down as How much can you afford? To can “afford” are different things. When
much as you can afford—preferably at get a ballpark figure for the monthly you make a realistic assessment of all
least 20 percent. A higher down pay- payment, a common rule is that your your monthly financial obligations,
ment reduces the amount of money total monthly debt payments should and consider that insurance, gasoline,
you need to borrow, which lowers your be no more than 36 percent of your and other running costs must be met,
monthly payments and reduces the monthly gross income. Of course, less you may find you have far less available
amount of overall interest you’ll pay. is always better, but by following this to service a car loan than you thought.
A down payment doesn’t have to rule, you can use the following steps By knowing your down payment
be all cash. If you already have a car, to determine how much you can and monthly payment, along with a
any trade-in allowance the dealer afford to spend: typical interest rate and the number of
gives you for it can be credited toward Calculate 36 percent of your monthly years you’re willing to make car pay-
your down payment. For a variety gross income (your income before taxes ments (the term of the loan), you can
of reasons, a dealer might offer you and other deductions). calculate the price of the vehicle that
very little for your trade-in, and you’d Itemize and total all of your you can afford and the loan amount for
be better off selling it privately or to monthly payments, including your which you’ll need to qualify. Call your
another dealer. For instance, if your mortgage or rent, credit card bills, and bank, credit union, or other lending
present car is old or in bad shape, or not other installment loans. institution to determine current rates.
in demand where you live, the dealer Subtract the total of your monthly You can also see prevailing rates in your
might plan to sell it on the wholesale payments from the 36 percent figure. area at bankrate.com. For more informa-
market. If that’s the case, then expect For example, if your pretax annual tion on auto financing, see Chapter 4.
a bottom-dollar offer because the car income is $75,000, total debt payments In addition, you need to think about
will change hands at least twice before should not exceed $27,000 per year. other costs, such as sales tax, registra-
it gets to the next retail owner. Chapter If your existing debt payments equal, tion fees, and insurance premiums.
5 (see page 72) tells you how to esti- say, $20,000 per year, you shouldn’t Taxes and registration fees can
mate the value of your present car and exceed $7,000 annually, or $583 per increase your out-of-pocket cost by as
how to get the best price for it, how- month, for car payments. much as 10 percent or more. Driving
ever you choose to sell it. What you may “qualify for” and a car that’s worth more than your
current one will cost extra in insur-
ance. Before getting too far into the
buying process, check with your insur-
ance agent or get insurance quotes
ALL ABOARD
online so that you understand what
Bring your family
on the test drive. you’re getting into.
Focus on Your Needs

Begin by asking yourself some basic
questions to find models that excel in
the areas that matter to you.
How many people will you
carry? Most vehicles will accommodate

five people, although the center-rear
position is often cramped. If you need
PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO. ILLUSTR ATION : RYAN VULK
to carry more people, look for a vehicle

with a third-row seat. This includes
all minivans and a number of SUVs.
Depending on the design, these vehicles
can carry seven or eight people.
Keep in mind, the third-row seats in
small and midsized SUVs are cramped
and appropriate only for children.
An increasingly rare seating configu-
ration is the three-person front-bench
seat. Found in a handful of SUVs,

THE TALL AND SHORT OF IT
Before you buy, make sure your next car fits your size
Most vehicles are supposedly account. To find out which ones all-around visibility. A few cars ST, Nissan Z, Porsche Boxster,
designed for a wide range are better or worse, we took a were rated very highly by both and Toyota Tacoma. In sports
of body types, but many don’t look at the scores of recently tall and short testers. Families cars like the Z and Boxster, tall
accommodate short or tall tested models that are relevant with different-sized drivers might people might hit the roof, and
drivers very well. The shortest to late-model used cars and consider the Honda Odyssey short people might not be able
tester on our staff is 5 feet 1 inch; equivalent designs. We focused or Subaru Forester. Several serve to reach the clutch comfortably
the tallest is 6 feet 2 inches, so on ratings for seat comfort, neither tall nor short drivers without compromising the
we take their experiences into driving position, access, and very well, like the Ford Fiesta driving position.
10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars 10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars

FOR SHORT Acura MDX Chevrolet Camaro FOR TALL Audi A8 Fiat 124
DRIVERS BMW 7 Series Ford Fiesta ST DRIVERS Ford Flex Fiat 500 Abarth
Ford Flex Fiat 124 Honda Odyssey Ford Fiesta ST
Honda Accord Jeep Wrangler Kia Cadenza Lexus IS
Honda Odyssey Mazda MX-5 Miata Lexus GS Mazda MX-5 Miata
Kia Soul Mitsubishi Mirage Lexus LS Nissan Z
Lexus ES Nissan Titan Mercedes-Benz Porsche Boxster
Lexus LS Nissan Z E-Class
Range Rover
Lexus RX Porsche Boxster Subaru Forester Evoque
Subaru Forester Toyota Tacoma Toyota Highlander Toyota Tacoma
Volvo XC90 Toyota Yaris
11
pickups, and older sedans this is one or a wagon is better suited to your cars and many coupes, of course, fit
way to achieve a six-passenger capacity. needs. Their sizable cargo areas can the bill, but some make you sacrifice
But their center-seat lap belt doesn’t be enlarged by folding down or re- space for carrying passengers and cargo.
provide adequate protection in a fron- moving the rear seats. Keep in mind Many buyers are torn at this point:
tal crash. A vehicle with a third-row that carrying passengers in a third- They want a sporty, fun-to-drive
seat is a better choice. row seat significantly reduces the car but need the practicality of a sedan
Many two-door coupes provide seat- room for cargo. or wagon. A number of models com-
ing for four people, but the rear seat A pickup is useful if you often bine fun and practicality, but a common
is often very tight and uncomfortable, carry dirty, heavy loads. A crew cab, trade-off for sportier cars is a stiff,
and folding the front seat forward so with two sets of full doors and two reg- sometimes uncomfortable ride.
that you can load groceries or secure ular rows of seats, is a popular choice Maybe you prefer a softer ride, lux-
a child’s safety seat in the back seat because it can seat up to five people. urious seats, plenty of convenience
gets old fast. If you prefer a smaller car with cargo- features, and isolation from the out-
How much cargo do you carry? carrying ability, consider a hatchback. side world. Plenty of luxury vehicles,
Most car trunks accommodate a reason- It often has more interior space than from family sedans to SUVs, deliver
able amount of luggage, but sometimes a car with a trunk, it’s even more ver- that experience.
you’ll want to carry things that won’t fit satile with the rear seats folded down, Perhaps you need only basic trans-
in a trunk. For carrying more cargo or and the hatch makes it easier to get portation—a comfortable, reliable,
longer items, make sure the car you’re large items in and out. fuel-efficient commuter. Though on
considering has rear seatbacks that How do you like to drive? paper a number of models fill this need,
fold down, enlarging the trunk area. Quick acceleration, crisp handling, it’s still important to do your research.
Certain sedans have a front passenger and responsive steering are important Within a given price range there are
seat that can fold flat as well, making in any vehicle. If you’re an enthusiast big differences in reliability, fuel econ-
it easier to carry extra-long items. who wants to feel the road and be one omy, comfort, and overall value.
If you regularly carry large items, with every part of the driving experi- The best way to gauge the driving
such as camping or sports equipment, ence, these attributes will probably be experience is to narrow your list
you could find that a minivan, an SUV, high on your priority list. Most sports by reading the reviews in the profiles
electronic stability control. If and invite young drivers to bring

you can reach a little deeper and along passengers, who can be
TOP USED CARS get a car equipped with AEB, so

much the better. The lifesaving
a source of distraction.
Sports cars increase the risk
FOR TEEN DRIVERS assistance those systems can

provide is worth every penny in an
of speeding and have a higher
rate of accidents, and consequent-
emergency situation, and they ly, they carry tuition-sapping
Vehicles that meet our safety, reliability, can be especially beneficial to an insurance premiums.
and performance criteria. inexperienced driver. Also, keep in mind that every
All cars from the 2012 model used car gets treated differently.
year onward are equipped with The older a car gets, the more
electronic stability control (ESC). its care and maintenance history
The list here includes models will affect its overall performance
that are safe; performed well and reliability. That’s why it’s
overall in our tests; have proved important to get a used car
to be reliable, according to our inspected for any issues before
Annual Auto Survey; and have you buy it.
PHOTO: TANA TEEL /STOCKSY
standard ESC. To help you find the best

Buying a car for a new driver newest, most reliable model As far as what type of vehicle vehicle for a teen driver, we’ve
can be a balancing act between with the most safety equipment is best, large pickups and curated this list of cars that
getting a model you can you can afford. Do not even SUVs are not recommended for are particularly suitable to
afford and finding one that’s consider a car without antilock young, inexperienced drivers teen drivers. For even more
safe and reliable. brakes (ABS), side and head- because they don’t handle or information on teen car safety,
The best bet is to buy the protection curtain airbags, and brake as well as smaller vehicles visit CR.org/teens.

that begin on page 96, then do a thor-
ough test-drive. SAFE AND SOUND
Fuel economy vs. performance. A reliable car with
Many automakers offer several the newest safety
gear is best for a
powertrain choices for each model, teen driver.
but which is best for you depends
on your priorities. Do you want a
higher-performance vehicle, or some-
thing more economical?
Smaller vehicles and many midsized
models offer four-cylinder engines,
which usually provide the best fuel
economy but might lack the power
or smoothness of a six-cylinder. Some
automakers are getting better at
squeezing more power out of smaller
engines. Many family sedans, such as
the Ford Fusion, Honda Accord, Nissan
Altima, and Hyundai Sonata, have
four-cylinders that are more than
adequate. Turbocharged four-cylinders
deliver more power than you might
think, often with much better
fuel economy than a larger engine.
Six-cylinder engines, available in mid-
sized and larger models, usually provide
the best balance of performance and
RECOMMENDED Hyundai Santa Mazda CX-5 Subaru Impreza Toyota Prius Prime
VEHICLES Fe Sport (2016, 2018 and later)
Mazda3 Toyota Prius V
Chevrolet Equinox (2016 and later)
(2011 and later) Subaru Legacy
Toyota RAV4
(2016 and later) Hyundai Sonata (4-cyl., 2011-2014, 2016-
Mazda6 (4-cyl., no third row,
GMC Terrain (4-cyl., nonturbo, (2015 and later) 2017, 2019) 2009 and later)
(2016 and later) 2015-2016) Subaru Outback
Nissan Altima Toyota Yaris iA
Honda Accord Hyundai Tucson (4-cyl., 2017, 2019) (4-cyl., 2011-2014, 2016-
(2011, 2013-2015, 2019) 2017, 2019) Volkswagen Jetta
(4-cyl., 2009-2017)
Nissan Rogue Sport (2016, 2018)
Honda Civic Kia Soul Toyota Camry
(2010-2011, 2015, Nissan Rogue (4-cyl., 2010 and later) Volkswagen Passat
(2012-2015)
2017 and later) (2013, 2017 and later) (4-cyl., 2016-2018)
Honda CR-V Toyota Corolla
Kia Sportage Scion xB (2010-2018)
(2015-2016, 2019) Volvo S60
(2015-2018) (2008, 2012, 2015)
Honda Fit (2011-2013, Toyota Corolla iM (2017-2018)
Mazda CX-3 Subaru Crosstrek
2016 and later) Toyota Prius Volvo XC40
(2017-2018) (2018 or later)
Honda HR-V (2010 and later)
Volvo XC60
Subaru Forester
(2016-2018) (2010-2012, 2017)
(2016, 2018 and later)
Hyundai Elantra/
Elantra GT
(2014, 2017, 2019)

fuel economy. They are quieter and similar-sized conventional vehicle. Older than gasoline and in most places costs
smoother than four-cylinder engines. hybrid models that have achieved the more per gallon than premium gas.
Eight-cylinder engines usually deliver best overall mileage in our tests include Finally, electric cars are starting to
lots of power but, as you might expect, the 2013 Toyota Avalon and Lexus ES hit the used car market. If they meet
also return the lowest gas mileage. They hybrids (36 mpg), 2010 Honda Insight your needs, they can be great values.
are available in certain midsized vehi- and 2012 Toyota Camry Hybrid (38 mpg), For more information, see Chapter 2,
cles and sporty cars, and in most luxury 2013 Ford Fusion Hybrid (39 mpg), 2012 “Stretch Your Fuel Economy,” begin-
and larger cars, SUVs, and pickups. A V8 Honda Civic Hybrid and 2014 Honda Ac- ning on page 32.
is a good choice if you tow heavier loads. cord Hybrid (40 mpg), and 2016 Toyota Manual or automatic: Which trans-
If fuel economy is a high priority, Prius (52 mpg). The 2016 Lexus RX mission do you want? Automatic
starting on page 39 you can compare 450h Hybrid (29 mpg) and 2011 Toyota transmissions are the overwhelming
the overall gas mileage of nearly 800 Highlander Hybrid (27 mpg) have the choice of American car buyers. Auto-
vehicles Consumer Reports has tested best fuel economy of any older SUV we matics with six or more gears are
over the past 10 years. We recommend have tested. But used hybrids might commonplace because they can wring
that you first find a reliable and safe cost more to buy than similar conven- out more miles per gallon as well as
vehicle, then look for one that gets good tional vehicles, so it could take years to make for smoother, quieter power
fuel economy. recoup the investment. delivery. Many automatics feature a
Some of the best fuel-economy Diesel cars usually get more than manual-shift mode. This feature is
figures we’ve attained have been with 30 percent better fuel economy than marketed as a way of adding some fun
hybrids and diesels. They tend to similar gasoline-powered vehicles. to driving a car with an automatic. It
provide better fuel economy than a But diesel fuel is less widely available can be handy when driving in hilly or
mountainous areas because it provides
more control when shifting down on
long descents, and it also allows drivers
to select a lower gear in winter condi-
GET A GRIP
tions. A few automatics have a winter
If you regularly
drive in snow, mode, where the transmission starts in
winter tires paired second gear to lower engine speed and
with AWD will improve traction on slippery surfaces.
provide grip for
getting moving.
Another type of automatic is a con-
tinuously variable transmission. A CVT
does not have a set number of gears,
but it can constantly vary between the
highest and lowest speeds for optimal
fuel economy and performance.
Manual transmissions, only available
in inexpensive or sporty models, can
be more engaging for drivers. But they
no longer offer a big fuel economy ad-
vantage over the newest automatics.
A sequential-shift transmission is
PHOTO: ASHLE Y COOPER PIC S / AL AMY STOCK PHOTO
a computer-shifted manual transmis-

sion that works like an automatic,
but it shifts faster and provides the
sporty shift feel of a manual.
2WD, AWD, or 4WD: How much
traction do you need? Most vehicles

use two-wheel drive, where power is
sent to the front or rear wheels. Front-
wheel drive is used in most cars, wag-
ons, minivans, and 2WD versions of
car-based SUVs, and leaves more room
inside for passengers and cargo. It’s

better than rear-wheel drive in slippery
conditions because more weight is on
THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION
the drive wheels.
Rear-wheel drive places less demand
The more reliable a car is, the more you’re
on the front wheels, allowing them
to be used primarily for steering. This likely to be satisfied with it over the years,
configuration is commonly used on and it can significantly influence resale value
pickups and truck-based SUVs made to
handle heavy-duty chores such as tow-
when you’re ready to replace it.
ing. But it is also popular on sports cars
and high-performance sedans because
it helps improve handling. provide optimum traction when condi- and conduct their own instrumented
Traction control, a common standard tions suddenly change. In addition, testing, which allows more accurate
feature, helps maximize traction at the they can’t be driven on dry pavement comparisons between and among dif-
drive wheels by preventing wheel spin. in 4WD mode without running the risk ferent vehicles.
It’s particularly useful when accelerat- of severe drivetrain damage. Keep in The key is to find reviews that are
ing on a wet, snowy, or icy surface. But mind that AWD and 4WD systems add in-depth enough to give you a good,
if no drive wheel has grip, traction con- considerable weight to a vehicle, com- solid overview of the car and cover the
trol won’t help. In wintry conditions, promising fuel economy. aspects that are most important to you.
a 2WD vehicle with traction control CR road-test reports. Consumer
will have more difficulty getting up a Making the Final Cut Reports maintains road-test ratings
slippery slope than one with all-wheel When you know your price range and on groups of competing vehicles in
drive or four-wheel drive. the type of vehicle that interests you, a similar price range and category (such
AWD feeds power to all four wheels. and you’ve used our tools and compari- as family sedans, small SUVs, mini-vans,
It provides maximum forward traction son charts to find the models that meet etc.). This way, once you have decided
and is especially helpful in slippery your requirements, it’s time to narrow on the type of vehicle you want, you
conditions and when driving over mod- the candidates to a few promising mod- can easily compare models within a par-
erate off-road terrain. AWD is also help- els that are worth spending the time to ticular class.
ful in rapidly changing conditions or test-drive. You can compare vehicles by arrang-
when driving on a road with intermit- To do this, gather as much informa- ing test-drives of the same class of ve-
tent snow and ice. Its relatively light, tion as you can to compare each vehicle hicle one after the other. Take notes on
compact design makes it the system of in important areas such as driving areas of special interest to you, such
choice for many vehicles. experience, reliability, fuel economy, as seat comfort and driving position,
Although 4WD and AWD are often safety, and features. and the presence or absence of features
used interchangeably in advertising A key to quick and efficient auto re- you like such as heated seats, leather
and brochures, the major difference is search is knowing where to go and how trim, and lots of cargo space.
that 4WD incorporates low-range gear- to evaluate the information you get. CR owner-satisfaction data. Though
ing. That helps in more challenging On the internet you can quickly gather user reviews provide some helpful
off-road conditions such as traversing data and info. But just as cars can vary information, each year our members
rocks or deep water, or tackling steep greatly in quality, so can sources give us detailed feedback on their satis-
off-pavement hills. But the majority of of information. The following pages faction with the vehicles they own.
4WD-vehicle owners never come close help you assess what’s available. Our owner-satisfaction ratings are
to needing this capability. CR’s reviews. You can get started by unbiased and are based on hundreds
Modern 4WD systems are either reading the summary reviews in the ve- of thousands of member reports,
full-time—engaged all the time—or hicle profiles that begin on page 96. CR as part of our Annual Auto Survey. For
automatic, where the vehicle switches All-Access or Digital members can also more information, see page 20.
between two- and four-wheel drive access our full road-test reports and Other sources of reviews. To get
depending on the conditions. generation summaries. You can see when an in-depth perspective on a model,
Some pickups and truck-based SUVs a model has had a major redesign by it’s important to read reviews from
use part-time 4WD systems. This checking its profile in this publication. sources you trust. Good ones can tell
requires the driver to select the drive Look to our profiles for notes on you how a vehicle handles, accelerates,
mode with a switch, knob, or gear safety and recalls. Moreover, only a few and brakes, and how comfortable and
lever, limiting the vehicle’s ability to organizations purchase their vehicles user-friendly the interior is. They also

highlight shortcomings and deficiencies theirs. And sometimes the reliability of These ratings are included in our
you might overlook. Because different the information can be questionable. For Reliability History charts, which are
sources have varying points of view, we example, you have no way of determin- part of our vehicle profiles. Starting
recommend reading several of them. ing the source of an entry—it could be on page 26, you’ll also find a list of
There’s no shortage of reviews of from a disgruntled automaker employee, the Best & Worst Used Cars, in terms
older vehicles that were written when a dealer, or a dealer’s competitor. of reliability. It includes all models,
the cars were new. Plus, the review for Avoid reviews that only talk about by model year, that have had above-
a new model will often be applicable to specifications or performance promises. or below-average reliability, so you can
a late-model used version. These just recycle what they pick up quickly see which models to look for
Whether they’re hosted on YouTube from automakers’ press kits. They don’t and which to avoid.
or printed in a newspaper, keep in review, judge, or test products and ser- Other reliability sources. Although
mind that most car reviews are support- vices themselves. they lack the reach of CR’s data,
ed by advertising and based on bor- there are other services that provide
rowed cars. Those reviewers may not Reliability Ratings supplemental sources of information.
want to offend the companies that Reliability is perhaps the single most The most widely known of these
advertise with them or loan them important consideration for a buyer services is J.D. Power (jdpower.com).
vehicles. Plus, vehicles are specially when choosing a used car. A vehicle’s The Power survey of most interest to
prepped before the cars are delivered reliability can seriously affect how satis- new-car shoppers is the Initial Quality
to reviewers, and usually only well- fied you’ll be with a car over the years, Study. Designed to help automakers
equipped models are loaned out. So and it can significantly influence resale gauge the initial quality of the vehicles
although you can get insight into a value when you’re ready to replace it. they’re producing, it is based on about
vehicle’s performance and driving Reliability is also the most difficult qual- 75,000 responses for 2019.
character from those reviews, you will ity to evaluate on a vehicle because the But IQS covers only the first three
seldom find very much hard-hitting information has to come from vehicle months of ownership, a period when
criticism or an in-depth exploration of owners’ direct experience overtime. relatively little goes wrong. It also
safety or reliability concerns, and their Consumer Reports provides the asks owners about many subjective
commentary may be based on a higher most comprehensive reliability informa- impressions of their vehicles, not
trim level than most people buy. tion available to consumers. It’s based on just serious problems they’ve had.
Auto-enthusiast publications tend to CR’s annual surveys of our approxi- For used cars, J.D. Power has a vehicle
focus on a vehicle’s performance mately 7 million magazine and online dependability study, which measures
attributes, often at the expense of more members, who are asked about any problems experienced by original
everyday concerns such as safety, reli- serious problems they had with their own owners on 3-year-old vehicles. The 2019
ability, and fuel economy. vehicles in the preceding 12 months. VDS is based on about 33,000 vehicles.
YouTube and other video reviews These surveys generate hundreds of You can also post and read mess-
can give an in-depth look at the ins and thousands of responses—the 2019 sur- ages in online forums for owners.
outs of a new car, but remember that vey, for example, provided information Remember that gathering anecdotes
some are created by reviewers with on about 420,000 vehicles—which give about particular vehicles is not the
limited automotive experience. Some us a solid foundation for both our new- same as consulting a scientifically
of these “reviewers” may actually work and used-car reliability ratings. designed survey, but it can help you
for a dealer or be paid directly by car We provide reliability information determine how much common issues
companies, or they may try to get more in several forms. For used-car buyers, cost to fix.
viewers by intentionally offering outra- we give ratings for 17 trouble areas
geous opinions. over 10 model years, so you can see a Compare Fuel Economy
User-review sites are different in that model’s individual strengths and The fuel-economy figures printed on
their reviews have been submitted weaknesses. We also provide a Used- a vehicle’s window sticker are esti-
by owners. You can find a range of top- Car Verdict for each model year that mates based on a test created by the
ics, from car-buying experiences and sums up the vehicle’s overall reliabil- Environmental Protection Agency. For
discussions of recurring problems to ity. The reliability verdicts are weighted detailed information on fuel economy,
service frustrations. to emphasize major problems in including the real-world test results
All that can give you valuable insight, areas such as engine, transmission, for more than 800 models that CR
but keep in mind that the owners usu- cooling, and drive systems, all of has tested in the past 10 years, see the
ally don’t have experience with a wide which can be serious and more ex- fuel-economy and test data charts
range of vehicles with which to compare pensive to repair. beginning on page 39.

3 Points You Must Consider Before Buying
1. SAFETY 2. MONEY ownership, often more vehicle depreciation based
rapidly than your monthly on the average new-car
EVERY CAR HOW MUCH VALUE THAT NEW
payments are paying down price for a 2019 model. The
SHOULD HAVE CAR WILL LOSE
the loan—putting you average new car loses
ABS (antilock brakes) Cars depreciate significantly “upside down” financially. about half of its value in
ESC (electronic stability over the first few years of The chart here shows typical just three years.
control)
Curtain airbags
Consider these the safety
basics. Don’t have them now?
Buy a new or recent car that Vehicle Price
has all three. $38,393
2019 Average
G ET TH E S E TO B E
E V E N SA F E R
Forward collision warning

(FCW) with automatic
emergency braking (AEB) and $35k
pedestrian detection
Blind spot warning (BSW) $33,912
Rear cross traffic warning 25k $30,674
(RCTW)
Lane departure warning $24,232
(LDW) 15k
$19,386
Rearview camera $15,896
A “Good” score $13,352
in IIHS crash tests 5k
Decision point You need to 6 Months 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
shop wisely to find a good
late-model car with most
or all of these features at
a reasonable price. Keep
in mind that only the latest
designs do well in the difficult 3. CONNECTED FEATURES SPECIALT Y ITEMS functions; good systems can
IIHS small-overlap crash test. reduce distraction. Built-in
BASICS IN MOST Voice commands for selecting
LATE-MODEL CARS audio, or Siri or Google Voice navigation gives you larger
Why they’re worth it screens than on your phone or a
Many of today’s cars work compatibility
USB port for plugging in portable navigation device, plus
to avoid crashes altogether. Built-in or smartphone-based
a phone it will automatically adjust stereo
Advanced systems can auto- navigation
Bluetooth phone connectivity volume for instructions. Android
matically slow or completely Ability to use integrated
apps such as Android Auto, Apple Auto and CarPlay will put car-
stop a car. Visibility aids, such Decision point Almost every specific versions of certain apps
as rear cameras and BSW, CarPlay, Pandora, or Spotify
recent car has these as stan- on your dashboard, like Google
show what’s around you, help- dard. You can install an Maps or Waze for navigation
ing situational awareness. Decision point Getting these
after-market Bluetooth kit in or Audible for entertainment.
All things being equal, buy features usually requires an
your current car, and various They’ll replace a car’s own voice
the safest car you can afford. aftermarket addition or buying
audio-system upgrades can recognition with Google Voice or
a 2- or 3-year-old car. Voice
add modern features to some Siri, too.
commands simplify complicated
older factory systems or
replace them entirely.

are available at safercar.gov.

Roof strength. The IIHS also tests
for roof strength. During a rollover,

stronger roofs crush less, reducing the
risk that people will be injured by
contact with the roof itself.
Rear-impact protection. Although
rear-end accidents have a low fatality

rate, they have a high injury rate,
especially for whiplash neck injuries.
The design of a car’s head restraints
and seats are critical factors in the
severity of a whiplash injury.
Consumer Reports evaluates head
restraints. Front head restraints usually
meet or exceed evaluation requirements,
SOLID
but rear head restraints differ greatly.
STRUCTURE
Another good source for information
Both the IIHS and
NHTSA conduct on rear-impact protection is the IIHS
crash tests. website (iihs.org). The institute con-
ducts evaluations of head restraints and
performs dynamic rear-impact tests
that measure how well the seat/head-
restraint combinations in different mod-
Safety Ratings impact. For every crash, there are els protect against whiplash.
Several elements affect a vehicle’s over- numerous near misses that statistics Rear blind zones. Every year chil-
all safety capability. don’t reflect. Several factors contribute dren are injured or killed because
Crash tests. Frontal- and side-impact to a vehicle’s crash-avoidance capa- drivers don’t see them while they are
crash tests are conducted by the Insur- bility, with the two most important being backing up their vehicle. A contributing
ance Institute for Highway Safety (iihs. braking and emergency handling. Using factor is that larger vehicles, such as
org) and the National Highway Traffic our test data, our new-car publications SUVs and pickups, have very large blind
Safety Administration (safercar.gov). provide a crash-avoidance rating for zones. The blind zone is the area be-
Starting with the 2011 model year, all tested vehicles. hind a vehicle that the driver can’t see
NHTSA made its crash tests more strin- Rollover resistance. Rollover when looking in the rearview mirror.
gent. As a result, the 2011 and newer accidents are of particular concern To check a vehicle’s blind spot,
model results are not comparable with with SUVs and pickups. To help con- sit in the driver’s seat of the parked
older years. sumers compare vehicles, NHTSA vehicle while someone stands in
In 2012, the IIHS added the small- provides a rating system called the Roll- back and holds out a hand at about
overlap front test, which replicates the over Resistance Rating. waist level. Have the person walk back
driver side of a car hitting a tree or pole The RRR is based on two factors: slowly until you can see the hand
straight on. The IIHS retroactively ap- a vehicle’s Static Stability Factor and through the rear window. This will give
plied the results of cars crashed in 2012 a dynamic rollover test. The SSF, de- you an idea of how big that vehicle’s
and later to earlier versions of the same termined from at-rest or “static” mea- blind spot is.
model. IIHS also added small-overlap surements of the vehicle, essentially
front test to the front-passenger side in indicates how top-heavy it is. The dy- Recommended Safety
2018. The results are applied to earlier namic rollover test simulates a driver Features
model years of the same generation. having to make severe steering maneu- Buyers often overlook the availability
The vehicle profiles starting on page 96 vers, as can happen in an emergency. of many important safety features
include major crash-test results for the Vehicles that tip up fail the test, because they aren’t aware of them or
past 10 years. but this failure downgrades the overall don’t understand their benefit. We rec-
Crash avoidance. A vehicle’s ability star rating only slightly. We will not ommend that even when you are buying
to help you avoid a crash is just as im- recommend a vehicle that tips up a used car, you look for the following
portant as its ability to protect you in an in this type of situation. The ratings safety gear. To see which models were

available with particular safety features cameras to scan the areas beside and
when new, see the vehicle profiles. behind you, looking for vehicles en-
Antilock brake system. This system ADVANCED tering or lurking in your blind zones.
prevents the wheels from locking up DRIVER When such a vehicle is detected, an
under hard braking, particularly on illuminated icon appears in or near the
slippery surfaces. Without it, the
ASSISTANCE appropriate side-view mirror.
vehicle tends to keep plowing ahead in SYSTEMS If you signal a turn while a car is in
whatever direction it was going, leav- As more cars come your blind zone, certain systems send
ing the driver unable to steer. Locked equipped with these a stronger alert, such as a blinking
wheels can also cause a vehicle to slide features, more used cars light or louder chirps. More advanced
sideways or even spin. will get them, too. systems help keep you in your own
Electronic stability control. lane by applying the brakes on one
ESC helps keep the vehicle on its inside of the vehicle.
tended path during a turn to avoid Rear cross-traffic warning. Often
sliding or skidding out of control. It’s part of a package that includes blind-
especially helpful in slippery conditions spot warning, this system warns
and accident-avoidance situations, of traffic approaching from the sides as
such as when trying to steer around you reverse. The warning usually
a person or car that has pulled out in consists of an audible chirp and a visual
front of you. cue in either the outside mirror or
It can also help keep a top-heavy Forward Collision Warning the rear camera’s dash display. The
vehicle, such as an SUV or a pickup, and Automatic Emergency more advanced systems can also pick
from getting into a rollover. Note that Braking FCW warns you out bicycles and pedestrians, or even
of an impending collision
starting in 2012, all cars and light- brake to prevent a crash.
with a car in front. AEB
duty trucks have standard ESC, which Lane departure warning (LDW)
can stop the car if the
means they also have ABS. driver doesn’t react in time. and lane keeping assistance (LKA).
Head-protecting side airbags. Lane departure warning systems use
You should look for a car with dedicated visual, audible, or haptic (often a buzz-
head-protection airbags that deploy ing in the steering wheel or seat) warn-
from above the windows. Curtain air- ing to alert the driver if he or she is
bags cover the side windows in both crossing lane markings and wandering
front and rear, preventing occupants out of the lane.
from hitting their heads, while also help- Lane keeping assistance will auto-
ing to keep a person from being ejected matically correct the steering input,
in a side impact or rollover. or even brake the car, if it attempts to
Forward collision warning (FCW) cross the markings, in an effort to bring
and automatic emergency braking Blind Spot Warning the vehicle back into the proper lane.
(AEB). These stand-alone or combined Scans for cars not in view. Backup cameras. These became
radar-, laser-, and/or camera-based mandatory starting with the 2018 model
systems warn drivers of an impending year. They can help prevent a back-
collision by using visual, auditory, or over accident, such as hitting a child who
physical cues. Certain vehicle systems wanders behind your car when you
also precharge the brakes to help are reversing.
the driver apply enough braking force Adaptive cruise control. Using
to avoid a collision, in addition to steps lasers, radar, cameras, or a combina-

to prepare for impact. tion, adaptive cruise control systems
If the driver ignores the warnings, automatically maintain a safe follow-
systems with automatic emergency ing distance between you and the car
braking will apply partial or full brak- Rear Cross-Traffic Warning ahead. Some only work at highway
ing force. They can be active at any- Alerts of an approaching speeds, but others offer “stop and go”
vehicle when backing up.
where from walking to highway speeds. assist, automatically braking and accel-
Blind spot warning (BSW). A blind erating the vehicle, even when driving
spot warning system uses radar or in heavy traffic.

‘I Loved My Car!’
Would Owners Buy
Their Car Again?
20
MOST PEOPLE LOVE their cars at first,
but what about after that new-car smell
wears off ? Once you’ve lived with a Owner Satisfaction Champs
car for three years—let alone five or 10—
the features and qualities that gave you
goose bumps in the showroom often
turn into cold chills down the road.
This is what we found out when
we asked our members whether they
would get the same car all over again,
and how satisfied they were with the
vehicle’s driving experience, comfort,
value, and styling.
2015 Porsche 911 2017 Genesis G90

Consistent Performers
We found that no matter their age, the
vehicles inspiring the strongest loyalty
are reliable, performed well in our
tests, are fun to drive, deliver great fuel
economy or can be driven solely on
electricity, or dress you in a high-tech,
luxurious driving environment. Those
that performed poorly in some—or all—
of these areas sit at the bottom.
Vehicles that performed well in CR
tests are often ones that also give own- 2017 Tesla Model 3 2010 Mazda MX-5 Miata
ers higher satisfaction.

The Tesla Model S all-electric luxury
sedan, which provides all of those at-
tributes in one car, is among the most
satisfying cars in the survey, with a throughout the years, such as the One reason could be the purchase price.
score of 92 out of a 100 for the 5-year- 5- and 10-year old Honda Odyssey which Owners of 3-year-old models likely
old model. At 3 years old the Model S scored well. At the 3-year old mark, bought or leased them as new cars, pay-
continues to satisfy, scoring a 86. the Odyssey dropped below the Chrys- ing a new-car price. Nissan sold many
The 5-year-old Porsche 911 is the most ler Pacifica. off-lease models at a significant discount,
satisfying vehicle in the survey. 95 per- There are models that defy this over- so owners of 5-year-old models may feel
cent of owners reported to us that they all trend, but they tend to be outliers. better with the Leaf because they paid far
would definitely buy it again. The 911 The Dodge Challenger, Jeep Wrangler, less for theirs.
is also the top-scoring 3-year-old sports and the Toyota 4Runner didn’t fare well Our annual owner-satisfaction survey,
car, scoring a 91. in our tests, but their owners love these conducted by the Consumer Reports
Among midsized SUVs the Toyota specialty vehicles. National Research Center, asks our
Highlander and 4Runner satisfy their Fuel-efficient models dominate many magazine and web members: “Consider-
owners no matter the SUV’s age. At of the categories, but the green promise ing all factors (price, performance, reli-
the same time, a number of models isn’t satisfying on its own. The 3- and ability, comfort, enjoyment, etc.), would
were consistently near or at the bottom 5-year-old versions of the Toyota Prius you get this car if you had it to do all
PHOTO, LEF T: MASKOT/PL AINPICTURE
of the rankings, including the Chevrolet C and 5-year old Lexus CT 200h lie at over again?”
Equinox and the GMC Terrain. the bottom of the Hybrid/Electric Car A model’s score is based on the per-
Minivans present a particularly stark category, despite their impressive fuel centage of respondents who answered
example. The Toyota Sienna, a highly economy. But both were mediocre per- “definitely yes.”
rated minivan in CR tests, dominates formers in CR’s road tests. Interestingly, In our most recent survey we
over time: Owners responded over- owners of the 3-year-old Nissan Leaf received responses on about 420,000
whelmingly that they would buy it weren’t as enamored with their cars as vehicles, spanning the 2000 through
again. The Toyota’s competitors shuffle were owners of 5-year-old versions. 2019 model years.

Most & Least Satisfying Vehicles

On these pages are our owner- would you get this car if you had For example, the Infiniti QX60 Owners agreed with us: while
satisfaction survey results for it to do all over again?” Respon- had unimpressive performance only 46 percent of 5-year old
3-, 5-, and 10-year-old vehicles dents have four choices, from in our tests. Owners responded Jetta owners would buy it again,
by vehicle category. “definitely yes” to “definitely no.” in kind, ranking it at the bottom 70 percent of Golf owners would
Each year Consumer Reports In the majority of cases there of the Luxury Midsized SUV cat- buy another one. The 2017 Golf
asks the following question on is a link between how a vehicle egory. It’s a similar story for two improved on this score to top the
our Annual Auto Survey: “Con- performs in Consumer Reports Compact Volkswagens. The 2015 compact car category with 76
sidering all factors (price, perfor- testing and how it performs in Golf performed better in CR tests percent of owners reporting they
mance, reliability, comfort, etc.), our owner-satisfaction survey. than the Jetta of the same year. would buy it again.
Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction

3-year old 5-year old 10-year old
Make & Model (2017) % Would Buy % Would Buy % Would Buy
Again Make & Model (2015) Again Make & Model (2010) Again
SUBCOMPACT CARS SUBCOMPACT CARS SUBCOMPACT CARS
Toyota Yaris iA 71 Honda Fit 61 Honda Fit 70
Chevrolet Sonic 69 Fiat 500 56 Toyota Yaris 54
Honda Fit 66 Nissan Versa Note 49 Hyundai Accent 31
Hyundai Accent 49 Hyundai Accent 44 Nissan Versa Hatchback 28
Ford Fiesta 49 Ford Fiesta 36
Nissan Versa Note 48 COMPACT CARS
Chevrolet Sonic 35
Fiat 500 43 Scion xB 74
COMPACT CARS
Nissan Cube 68
COMPACT CARS
Scion xB 85 Toyota Corolla 65
Volkswagen Golf 76 Volkswagen Golf 70 Mazda3 64
Honda Civic 67 Toyota Corolla 70 Pontiac Vibe 63
Volkswagen Beetle 66 Mazda3 69 Kia Soul 63
Toyota Corolla 66 Volkswagen Beetle 68 Honda Civic 56
Mazda3 65 Kia Soul 67 Volkswagen Golf 55
Mini Cooper Clubman 65 Mini Cooper Clubman 64 Subaru Impreza 54
Kia Soul 64 Honda Civic 58 Volkswagen Beetle 50
Hyundai Elantra 63 Subaru Impreza 58 Chevrolet HHR 50
Volkswagen Jetta 61 Hyundai Elantra 49 Hyundai Elantra 49
Subaru Impreza 56 Volkswagen Jetta 46 Toyota Matrix 47
Chevrolet Cruze 56 Ford Focus 45 Volkswagen Jetta 47
Ford Focus 51 Kia Forte 42 Kia Forte 44
Toyota Corolla iM 49 Chevrolet Cruze 41 Ford Focus 43
Hyundai Elantra GT 48 Dodge Dart 40 Mini Cooper Clubman 43
Kia Forte 47 Nissan Sentra 29 Nissan Sentra 41
Nissan Sentra 36 Chevrolet Cobalt 37
HYBRIDS/ELECTRIC CARS
HYBRIDS/ELECTRIC CARS HYBRIDS/ELECTRIC CARS
Toyota Prius V 76
Toyota Prius 86 Toyota Prius 73 Toyota Prius 73
Chevrolet Bolt 81 Nissan Leaf 73 Lexus HS Hybrid 71
Toyota Prius Prime 80 Ford C-MAX 65 Honda Insight 54
Toyota Prius V 79 Chevrolet Volt 60
Ford C-MAX 77 MIDSIZED CARS
BMW i3 58
BMW i3 77 Toyota Prius C 57 Toyota Camry 72
Hyundai Ioniq 75 Lexus CT 200h 53 Mazda6 70
Chevrolet Volt 73 Subaru Legacy 63
Toyota Prius C 68 MIDSIZED CARS
Honda Accord 63
Kia Niro 66 Toyota Camry 72 Ford Fusion 59
Nissan Leaf 64 Volkswagen Passat 72 Mercury Milan 59
Honda Accord 70 Hyundai Sonata 57
MIDSIZED CARS
Mazda6 67 Nissan Altima 49
Mazda6 73 Subaru Legacy 66 Volkswagen Passat 48
Toyota Camry 70 Hyundai Sonata 63 Volkswagen CC 43
Subaru Legacy 70 Ford Fusion 62 Chevrolet Malibu 37
Honda Accord 69 Kia Optima 61
Volkswagen Passat 67 Nissan Altima 59
Kia Optima 65 Chevrolet Malibu 53
Ford Fusion 65 Chrysler 200 41
Hyundai Sonata 62
Chevrolet Malibu 55
Nissan Altima 43

% Would Buy % Would Buy % Would Buy
Make & Model (2017) Again Make & Model (2015) Make & Model (2010)
Again Again
LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS
Ford Taurus 86 Kia Cadenza 83 Toyota Avalon 88
Toyota Avalon 75 Toyota Avalon 75 Ford Crown Victoria 72
Chevrolet Impala 74 Chevrolet Impala 68 Mercury Grand Marquis 72
Dodge Charger 72 Ford Taurus 67 Nissan Maxima 54
Nissan Maxima 71 Hyundai Azera 65 Ford Taurus 54
Chrysler 300 69 Chrysler 300 60 Buick Lucerne 49
Hyundai Azera 68 Dodge Charger 58 Chevrolet Impala 47
Kia Cadenza 56
LUXURY COMPACT CARS LUXURY COMPACT CARS
LUXURY COMPACT CARS
Buick Regal 68 Acura TSX 68
Tesla Model 3 92 Audi A4 64 BMW 3 Series 63
Alfa Romeo Giulia 78 Audi A3 60 Lexus IS 62
Audi A4 73 Mercedes-Benz C-Class 59 Infiniti G 61
BMW 3 Series 65 Buick Verano 59 Audi A4 54
Audi A3 60 BMW 3 Series 57 Mercedes-Benz C-Class 50
Jaguar XE 58 Lexus IS 56
Infiniti Q50 57 LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE CARS
Volvo S60 52
Buick Regal 56 Acura TLX 45 Lexus LS 84
Lexus IS 56 Infiniti Q50 43 Lexus ES 81
Volvo S60 53 Cadillac ATS 39 Acura TL 74
Cadillac ATS 52 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 68
Mercedes-Benz C-Class 49 LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE CARS
BMW 5 Series 64
Acura TLX 48 Tesla Model S 92 Lexus GS 64
Acura ILX 31 Lexus LS 79 Cadillac DTS 59
Lexus ES 78 Cadillac CTS 58
LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE CARS
Hyundai Genesis 76 Buick LaCrosse 55
Genesis G90 93 Lexus GS 76 Hyundai Genesis 54
Tesla Model S 86 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 73 Lincoln MKZ 53
Genesis G80 80 Mercedes-Benz S-Class 73
Mercedes-Benz S-Class 79 SPORT Y CARS & CONVERTIBLES
Buick LaCrosse 72
Lexus ES 79 Audi A8 71 Mazda MX-5 Miata 91
Lincoln Continental 74 BMW 5 Series 70 Chevrolet Camaro 74
BMW 7 Series 70 Audi A6 66 Dodge Challenger 72
Lexus GS 68 Lincoln MKZ 62 Volkswagen GTI 66
Lincoln MKZ 68 Infiniti Q70 60 Ford Mustang 63
Lexus LS 67 Cadillac XTS 49 Hyundai Genesis Coupe 52
Cadillac CT6 65 Cadillac CTS 43 Mini Cooper 43
BMW 5 Series 64
Buick LaCrosse 63 SPORT Y CARS & CONVERTIBLES
Volvo S90 62 Porsche 911 95
Audi A6 58 Mazda MX-5 Miata 88
Mercedes-Benz E-Class 57 Chevrolet Corvette 84
Cadillac CTS 56 Porsche Boxster 84
Cadillac XTS 55 Porsche Cayman 84
Infiniti Q70 48 Ford Mustang 77
Volkswagen GTI 75
SPORT Y CARS & CONVERTIBLES
Dodge Challenger 73
Porsche 911 91 Subaru WRX 71
Chevrolet Corvette 84 BMW 2 Series 69
Subaru BRZ 82 Audi A5 66
Toyota 86 82 BMW 4 Series 66
Mazda MX-5 Miata 82 Lexus RC 66
Ford Mustang 78 Mini Cooper 64
Chevrolet Camaro 75 Chevrolet Camaro 63
Volkswagen GTI 75 Mercedes-Benz SLK 60
Chevrolet SS 75
Audi A5 72
Porsche 718 Boxster 70
Porsche 718 Cayman 70
BMW 2 Series 70
Fiat 124 69
Mini Cooper 65
Lexus RC 65
BMW 4 Series 56
Infiniti Q60 49


Again Again
WAGONS WAGONS WAGONS
Subaru Outback 74 Toyota Venza 78 Subaru Outback 74
Volkswagen Golf SportWagen 72 Subaru Outback 75 Honda Accord Crosstour 71
Volkswagen Golf Alltrack 65 Volkswagen Golf SportWagen 72 Toyota Venza 70
Volvo V90 62 Volvo XC70 69 Volvo V70/XC70 61
Volvo V60 59 Volvo V60 61
MINIVANS
MINIVANS MINIVANS
Toyota Sienna 74
Toyota Sienna 67 Toyota Sienna 71 Honda Odyssey 62
Chrysler Pacifica 65 Honda Odyssey 69 Mazda5 53
Kia Sedona 59 Kia Sedona 64 Chrysler Town & Country 48
Honda Odyssey 56 Chrysler Town & Country 61 Dodge Grand Caravan 40
Dodge Grand Caravan 55 Mazda5 57
Dodge Grand Caravan 51 COMPACT SUVS
SUBCOMPACT SUVS
Ford Transit Connect 43 Honda Element 75
Subaru Crosstrek 67 Toyota RAV4 73
SUBCOMPACT SUVS
Mazda CX-3 56 Honda CR-V 68
Honda HR-V 52 Subaru XV Crosstrek 65
Subaru Forester 65
Nissan Rogue Sport 50 Nissan Juke 54
Nissan Xterra 63
Jeep Renegade 48 Jeep Renegade 45
Ford Escape 55
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport 47 Chevrolet Trax 37
Mazda Tribute 55
Chevrolet Trax 38 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport 29
Mercury Mariner 55
COMPACT SUVS COMPACT SUVS Mitsubishi Outlander 50
Nissan Xterra 76 Volkswagen Tiguan 45
Subaru Forester 77
Subaru Forester 70 Mazda CX-7 43
Mazda CX-5 73
Mazda CX-5 66 Nissan Rogue 41
Honda CR-V 66
Honda CR-V 66 Hyundai Tucson 29
Toyota RAV4 65
Toyota RAV4 62 MIDSIZED SUVS
Ford Escape 60
Kia Sportage 59
Jeep Patriot 55 Toyota FJ Cruiser 81
Volkswagen Tiguan 57
Jeep Cherokee 53 Toyota Highlander 78
Nissan Rogue Select 55
Kia Sportage 52 Toyota 4Runner 75
Ford Escape 53
Nissan Rogue 49 Ford Edge 65
Hyundai Tucson 49
Volkswagen Tiguan 49 Jeep Wrangler 63
Nissan Rogue 43
Mitsubishi Outlander 47 Ford Explorer 59
Jeep Cherokee 42
Hyundai Tucson 46 Mercury Mountaineer 59
Jeep Patriot 38
Jeep Compass 31 Mazda CX-9 59
Mitsubishi Outlander 29
MIDSIZED SUVS Honda Pilot 56
MIDSIZED SUVS Nissan Murano 55
Toyota Highlander 76 Toyota Highlander 77 Hyundai Santa Fe 45
Volkswagen Touareg 73 Jeep Wrangler 74 Jeep Grand Cherokee 42
Toyota 4Runner 73 Volkswagen Touareg 73 Chevrolet Equinox 41
Jeep Grand Cherokee 72 Toyota 4Runner 71 GMC Terrain 41
Mazda CX-9 68 Jeep Grand Cherokee 71
Kia Sorento 67 LARGE SUVS
Kia Sorento 65
Nissan Murano 66 Hyundai Santa Fe Sport 64 Toyota Sequoia 90
Hyundai Santa Fe 65 Honda Pilot 64 Chevrolet Suburban 77
Ford Edge 65 Nissan Murano 62 GMC Yukon XL 77
Honda Pilot 63 Ford Edge 62 Ford Expedition 72
Hyundai Santa Fe Sport 63 Hyundai Santa Fe 61 Ford Flex 64
Jeep Wrangler 63 Ford Explorer 60 GMC Yukon 62
Ford Explorer 61 Chevrolet Equinox 58 Chevrolet Tahoe 62
Chevrolet Equinox 56 GMC Terrain 58 Chevrolet Traverse 61
GMC Terrain 56 Mazda CX-9 46 GMC Acadia 51
Nissan Pathfinder 42 Nissan Pathfinder 41
LARGE SUVS Dodge Journey 39
GMC Yukon 79 LARGE SUVS

Chevrolet Tahoe 79 Toyota Sequoia 76
Toyota Sequoia 74 Ford Flex 72
Chevrolet Suburban 73 Dodge Durango 71
GMC Yukon XL 73 Ford Expedition 66
Dodge Durango 72 Chevrolet Suburban 64
Ford Expedition 71 GMC Yukon XL 64
Ford Flex 66 GMC Yukon 61
Nissan Armada 63 Chevrolet Tahoe 61
GMC Acadia 54 GMC Acadia 54
Chevrolet Traverse 52 Chevrolet Traverse 48

Again Again
LUXURY COMPACT SUVS LUXURY COMPACT SUVS LUXURY COMPACT SUVs
Porsche Macan 84 Porsche Macan 86 Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class 69
Mini Cooper Countryman 72 Audi Q5 70 Infiniti EX 64
Audi Q5 65 Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class 66 Volvo XC60 58
Infiniti QX50 60 Acura RDX 60 Acura RDX 56
Volvo XC60 59 Volvo XC60 59 Cadillac SRX 33
BMW X3 59 Lexus NX 57
Lincoln MKC 59 LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE SUVs
BMW X3 56
Acura RDX 59 Mini Cooper Countryman 56 Lexus RX 82
Cadillac XT5 58 Audi Q3 56 Mercedes-Benz M-Class 64
Mercedes-Benz GLC 57 Buick Encore 53 Acura MDX 63
Buick Envision 56 Lincoln MKC 53 Volvo XC90 63
Lexus NX 56 Cadillac SRX 52 Lincoln MKX 61
Audi Q3 55 BMW X1 49 Lexus GX 59
Buick Encore 53 Mercedes-Benz GLA 42 Buick Enclave 43
Jaguar F-Pace 51
LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE SUVS COMPACT PICKUP TRUCKS
BMW X1 43
Mercedes-Benz GLA 32 Porsche Cayenne 82 Honda Ridgeline 74
Infiniti QX30 28 BMW X5 75 Ford Explorer Sport Trac 71
Lexus RX 74 Toyota Tacoma 62
LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE SUVS
Lincoln Navigator 74 Ford Ranger 57
Tesla Model X 83 Mercedes-Benz M-Class 74 Nissan Frontier 54
BMW X5 81 Lexus GX 73 Chevrolet Colorado 53
Audi Q7 77 Lincoln MKX 68 GMC Canyon 53
Porsche Cayenne 75 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class 65 Dodge Dakota 48
Lincoln Navigator 73 Lexus LX 62 FULL-SIZED PICKUP TRUCKS
Lexus RX 73 Buick Enclave 61
Mercedes-Benz GLE 67 Acura MDX 58 Toyota Tundra 80
Volvo XC90 67 Audi Q7 54 Chevrolet Avalanche 71
Buick Enclave 66 Cadillac Escalade 41 Ford F-150 66
Lincoln MKX 65 Infiniti QX60 33 Dodge Ram 1500 64
Mercedes-Benz GLS 64 Ford F-250 61
Lexus LX 64 COMPACT PICKUP TRUCKS GMC Sierra 1500 53
Lexus GX 54 Toyota Tacoma 66 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 53
Acura MDX 53 Chevrolet Colorado 48 Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 53
Cadillac Escalade 52 GMC Canyon 48 GMC Sierra 2500HD 53
Infiniti QX60 36 Nissan Frontier 45 Dodge Ram 2500 50
COMPACT PICKUP TRUCKS FULL-SIZED PICKUP TRUCKS

Honda Ridgeline 80 Ford F-350 75
Toyota Tacoma 64 Ford F-150 74
Chevrolet Colorado 55 Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 74
GMC Canyon 55 GMC Sierra 3500HD 74
Nissan Frontier 45 Toyota Tundra 72
Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 67
FULL-SIZED PICKUP TRUCKS
GMC Sierra 2500HD 67
Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 81 Ram 1500 66
GMC Sierra 3500HD 81 Ford F-250 65
Ford F-250 79 GMC Sierra 1500 63
Ford F-350 74 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 63
Toyota Tundra 73 Ram 2500 61
Ford F-150 72 Ram 3500 49
Ram 1500 70
Nissan Titan XD 69
Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 65
GMC Sierra 2500HD 65
Ram 2500 62
GMC Sierra 1500 61
Chevrolet Silverado 1500 61
Ram 3500 58
Nissan Titan 55

Best Bang
For Your Car Buck
26
NEED NEW WHEELS but have a tight the process can feel overwhelming. in the bunch. We also included lists of
budget? Buying used is a way to It doesn’t have to be. We’ve created used cars that proved to be particu-
get the biggest bang for your buck. It’s this handy guide to help you find larly troublesome—and that you should
simple: After one year a new car has the small cars, sedans, and SUVs that avoid considering.
depreciated 27 percent of its sticker are most likely to fulfill your needs Even for the used cars that we recom-
price; after three years it’s worth barely without breaking down and soaking mend, there can be stinkers—due to a
half its sticker price. you in repair bills. bad day at the factory or a former owner
But picking out a good used car from Each model performed well in our who didn’t care much for car mainte-
a sea of bad ones has never been easy. road tests when it was new and had nance and ended up neglecting the car.
You want one that’s reliable, affordable, above-average reliability for the model Because of this, make sure to pay for
and equipped with modern safety years shown. In addition, each offered a thorough inspection by a certified me-
features. Add in the desire to avoid a car ESC as a standard or an optional feature. chanic before you sign on the dotted line,
that has been damaged in an accident, Of course, there’s always a lemon so there are no surprises down the road.
WORST USED CARS

Listed alphabetically by make and model, these 127 vehicles have records of much-worse-
than-average reliability, based on member responses to our Annual Auto Survey.
Acura Chevrolet Genesis Kia Scion

MDX ‘16-19 Camaro ‘17-18 G90 ‘18 Forte ‘14, ‘17 FR-S ‘13
RDX ‘19 Colorado ‘17-19 GMC Niro ‘19 Subaru
TLX ‘16 Corvette ‘18 Acadia ‘10-15 Optima ‘12 BRZ ‘13
Alfa Romeo Cruze ‘11-15 Canyon ‘17-19 Sportage ‘13 Impreza ‘10, ‘13
Giulia ‘17 Equinox ‘10-11 Sierra 1500 ‘17, ‘19 Lexus XV Crosstrek ‘13
Audi Impala ‘10 Sierra 1500 Limited ‘19 LS ‘18
A4 ‘10-11, ‘16 Malibu ‘11, ‘13, ‘16, ‘18 Terrain ‘10-11 Lincoln Tesla
A5 ‘12 Silverado 1500 ‘17, ‘19 Yukon ‘15-16 Nautlius ‘19 Model X ‘16-18
A6 ‘18-19 Silverado 1500 LD ‘19 Yukon XL ‘15-16 Mazda Toyota
A8 ‘15 Sonic ‘13 Honda CX-3 ‘16 C-HR ‘18
Q5 ‘13 Suburban ‘15-16 HR-V ‘19 Mercedes-Benz Tacoma ‘18
Q7 ‘15, ‘17 Tahoe ‘15-16 Odyssey ‘18 C-Class ‘15 Volkswagen
Q8 ‘19 Traverse ‘10-11, ‘13, ‘15, ‘18-19 Passport ‘19 GLC ‘16 Atlas ‘18-19
BMW Trax ‘15-16 Hyundai M-Class ‘11 Beetle ‘14-15
3 Series ‘10-11, ‘19 Chrysler Genesis ‘10 S-Class ‘18 GTI ‘12, ‘15
5 Series ‘11-14, ‘17-18 200 ‘11, ‘15 Santa Fe ‘13 Mini Jetta ‘13
X1 ‘13 Pacifica ‘17-18 Sonata ‘11-12, ‘18 Cooper ‘10-12 Jetta SportWagen ‘11
X3 ‘11-13, ‘15, ‘18 Town & Country ‘10-11 Tucson ‘16-17 Cooper Clubman ‘10-12 Tiguan ‘12-13, ‘16, ‘18-19
X5 ‘11-14, ‘19 Dodge Infiniti Cooper Countryman ‘12, ‘19 Volvo
Buick Durango ‘13, ‘18 Q50 ‘15, ‘17 Mitsubishi S60 ‘13-14
Enclave ‘10-13 Grand Caravan ‘10-11 QX60 ‘14-16 Outlander ‘18 V60 ‘15
Encore ‘14-15 Journey ‘12 Jeep Outlander Sport ‘18 XC60 ‘15, ‘19
Envision ‘17 Fiat Cherokee ‘14-17, ‘19 Nissan XC90 ‘16-19
LaCrosse ‘10 500 ‘12-13 Compass ‘18 Leaf ‘18
Regal ‘11 Ford Grand Cherokee ‘11, ‘13-14 Pathfinder ‘13-16
PHOTO: IMAGE SOURCE /AL AMY STOCK PHOTO
Cadillac Expedition ‘10, ‘16 Liberty ‘12 Sentra ‘13

ATS ‘16 Explorer ‘13-14, ‘16-17, ‘19 Patriot ‘14 Titan ‘17
CT6 ‘17 F-150 ‘15, ‘17-19 Renegade ‘15-16, ‘18 Versa Note ‘14
CTS ‘17 F-250 ‘19 Wrangler ‘10, ‘12-14, ‘16, Porsche
Escalade ‘16 F-350 ‘16 ‘18-19 Cayenne ‘14, ‘16-17
SRX ‘10-12, ‘14 Fiesta ‘11-12, ‘14 Wrangler JK ‘18 Ram
XT4 ‘19 Flex ‘14 1500 ‘15, ‘19
XT5 ‘17 Focus ‘12-18 2500 ‘14-17
XTS ‘13-14 Mustang ‘15-16 3500 ‘17-18
Taurus ‘16

BEST OF THE BEST

The top used-vehicle choices.
UNDER $10,000 for reliable, fuel-efficient trans-

portation. Its flexible
COMPACT CARS interior makes it a practical choice
Mazda3 2010-14 among subcompact cars.
Nissan Leaf 2011-13, ‘15
COMPACT CARS
The Mazda is a fun to drive and
reliable hatchback, with nimble Toyota Corolla 2015-17
handling, but a ride that is firm. Dependable, fuel-efficient
ESC was standard in 2011. The transportation is the Corolla’s
Leaf is a very affordable electric strength. There isn’t anything
vehicle, with a typical range of flashy, but the interior is
75 miles. comfortable and roomy. ESC and Toyota
curtain airbags are standard. Prius
MIDSIZED CARS
Mazda6 2010 MIDSIZED CARS
Mazda’s midsized sedan is a Acura TSX 2012-13 SMALL SUVs airbags. The SUV is agile, but
sporty four-door, with nimble Toyota Camry 2013-15 Toyota RAV4 2012-14 has a stiff ride. But reliability is
handling, good steering feel, You can stick to your budget and The RAV4 is available with four- very good.
and a supple ride. Reliability is still get a reliable premium car and six-cylinder engines, both of
excellent and the four-cylinder if you choose the slick-handling which are very fuel-efficient. It $15,000-$20,000
engine is fuel-efficient. ESC is TSX, which is a sporty car is great for urban and suburban
standard. based on the European Honda families, and its nimble, secure COMPACT CARS
Accord. The Camry is a solid handling is a plus. BMW i3 2017
$10,000-$15,000 choice because of its out-standing Toyota Prius 2016-17
reliability, strong value, and fuel- MIDSIZED SUVs The BMW is a four-seat EV that
SUBCOMPACT CARS efficient powertrains. Acura RDX 2013 is best for urban use. An optional
Honda Fit 2016-17 gas engine expands the BMW’s
The RDX has a host of standard
Although it’s a bit noisy, safety features, including ESC, range from 70 to 150 miles. The
the Honda Fit is a standout and side and head-protection Prius proves that you don’t have
to give up space or ride comfort
to get stellar gas mileage—its
44 mpg overall is better than any
vehicle that doesn’t plug in.
MIDSIZED & LARGE CARS

Chevrolet Impala 2018-19
Lexus CT 200h 2015
Consider the Impala a steal. It’s
roomy interior, responsive
handling, plush ride, and easy-to-
Honda use controls make it a standout
Fit
choice. The Lexus CT is based
on the Prius, but with a nicer
interior and more responsive
handling. Reliability is excellent,
but the car has a small rear
seat and cargo area.

$25,000-$30,000
MIDSIZED AND LARGE CARS

Lexus ES 2017
Lexus GS 2016
The ES takes the platform of
Toyota
the reliable Toyota Camry and
RAV4 adds luxury appointments,
road-trip-worthy front seats,
and a quiet cabin. The GS
was transformed with its 2013
redesign: It became a true
sports sedan yet had a supple
ride. Its roomy, comfortable,
and luxurious cabin is an
excellent place to spend time
as the miles tick by.
WAGONS WAGONS good. The Highlander is a roomy MIDSIZED AND LARGE SUVs
Toyota Venza 2015 Toyota Prius V 2017 three-row SUV available with Lexus RX 2016
Part wagon, part SUV, the Venza Volvo XC70 2016 four- and six-cylinder gas engines
as well as V6-powered hybrid The RX offers a cabin that is
has a quiet interior, a roomy rear Longer and more versatile than
version. It has a quiet interior, quiet, comfortable, and luxuri-
seat, and a generous cargo a standard Prius, the V still
room for seven, straightforward ous; fuel-efficient gas and
area. Handling is secure, though returns excellent fuel economy
controls, and top-notch reliability. hybrid powertrains, and a plush
not sporty. Reliability is rock- despite its extra weight and
ride. Reliability has been stellar.
solid, making this a wise choice. larger size. This efficient hybrid
takes the best attributes of PICKUPS
Honda Ridgeline 2014 PICKUPS
SMALL AND MIDSIZED SUVs the Prius, but adds a roomier
Toyota Tundra 2018
Nissan Rogue Sport 2017-19 rear seat and expanded cargo It might not look as rugged as
Toyota 4Runner 2010-12 capability. The Volvo is very some trucks, but the Ridgeline Among full-sized pickups, the
comfortable, relatively enjoyable is an excellent alternative to a Tundra is a reliable option.
These models are two different
to drive, and has a raised ride traditional pickup truck. It has There’s plenty of power from
takes on SUVs. The Rogue Sport
height for use on gravel roads. a carlike ride, an innovative the V8 engine, off-road prowess
uses a four-cylinder engine that
composite cargo bed, a lockable and towing capability are
is relatively fuel-efficient. It’s great
SMALL AND MIDSIZED SUVs weatherproof trunk under the impressive, and fuel economy is
for urban and suburban families,
Mazda CX-5 2018-19 bed, and a powerful V6. It isn’t competitive. The damped tailgate
and its nimble, secure handling
Toyota Highlander 2015-16 designed for serious off-roading is a nice convenience feature.
is a plus. On the other hand, the
4Runner is a serious off-roader Mazda’s small SUV is one of or hauling, and its fuel economy
with a well-finished and quiet the sportier offerings. It has isn’t better than larger trucks,
interior, smooth V6 or V8 engine, taut, agile handling and well- but if you don’t need to tow more
and an available third-row seat. weighted steering, although the than 5,000 pounds, consider
ride is choppy and the cabin buying the Ridgeline.
$20,000-$25,000 gets loud. Reliability is very
SEDANS
Toyota Avalon 2017-18
Lexus LS 2013
For less than the price of
a new sedan, you can buy
one of these slightly older
models. The Avalon features
a generously sized cabin,
luxury features, and an
available hybrid powertrain
for a non-luxury price. The LS
is the flagship of the Lexus
line, a competent cruiser that
floats over bumps and ruts. Toyota
It’s supremely comfortable, Venza
emphasizing quietness and
luxury over sportiness.

Reliable Used Cars For Every Budget

Here are the reliable 2010-19 models, so Electronic stability control (ESC) is standard performed well in our testing when new
you can buy the newest used vehicle on all models except ones with an *, where and have multiple years of better-than-
with the most up-to-date safety features. it was optional. Models highlighted in blue average reliability.
Prices Prices
Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K- Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K-
$10K $15K $20K $25K $30K $10K $15K $20K $25K $30K
CARS: SUBCOMPACT CARS: MIDSIZED AND LARGE Continued
Honda Fit ‘10*-13 ‘16-17 ‘18-19 - - Kia Optima - ‘15 - ‘19 -
Nissan Versa Note ‘15-16 - - - - Mazda 6 ‘10 ‘15 ‘16-18 - -
Toyota Prius C ‘12-14 ‘15-16 - - - Nissan Altima ‘11-12 - ‘17 ‘19 -
Toyota Yaris ‘10 - - - - Nissan Maxima ‘10-11 ‘14 ‘16 ‘17 -
Toyota Yaris iA - ‘17 - - - Subaru Legacy ‘11-12 ‘13-14 ‘16-17 ‘19 -
CARS: COMPACT Toyota Avalon ‘10-11 ‘12-14 ‘15-16 ‘17-18 ‘19
Toyota Camry ‘10-12 ‘13-15 ‘16-17 ‘18-19 -

Chevrolet Volt ‘12 ‘14 ‘16 - -
Volkswagen Passat - ‘16 ‘17-18 - -
Ford C-Max - ‘17 ‘18 - -
‘10-11*, CARS: LUXURY
Honda Civic ‘13-15 - - -
‘12
Acura TL ‘10 ‘12-13 ‘14 - -
Honda Insight ‘10* - ‘19 - -
Acura TSX ‘10-11 ‘12-13 - - -
Hyundai Elantra ‘14 ‘17 ‘19 - -
Audi A4 - - - ‘17 ‘18-19
Hyundai Elantra GT - - ‘18 - -
BMW i3 - ‘14-15 ‘17 - -
Hyundai Ioniq - - ‘18 ‘19 -
BMW 3 Series - - - ‘16-17 ‘18
Kia Forte ‘10 ‘16 - - -
Buick LaCrosse - ‘15 ‘16 - -
Kia Niro - - ‘17 ‘18 -
Buick Regal - ‘15 ‘16 - -
Kia Soul ‘10-11,’13 ‘15, ’17 ‘18-19 - -
Buick Verano ‘13 ‘14 - - -
Mazda3 ‘10*-14 ‘15-16 ‘17-18 - -
Genesis G80 - - - - ‘17
Mini Cooper
- - ‘16 ‘18 ‘19
Clubman Hyundai Genesis ‘11 ‘13 - ‘16 -
Nissan Leaf ‘11-13,’15 ‘16-17 - - -
Infiniti G ‘10-12 ‘13 - -
Scion xB ‘12 ‘15 - - -
Infiniti M/Q70 - ‘11-12 - ‘15 -
Subaru Impreza - ‘16 ‘18-19 - -
Lexus CT 200h ‘11 ‘12-13 ‘15 - -
Toyota Corolla ‘10-14 ‘15-17 ‘18 - - Lexus ES ‘10 ‘11-13 ‘14-15 ‘16 ‘17
Toyota Matrix ‘10 - - - - Lexus GS - - ‘13 ‘14-15 ‘16
Toyota Prius ‘10-12 ‘13-15 ‘16-17 ‘18-19 - Lexus HS Hybrid ‘10 - - - -
Toyota Prius Prime - - - ‘17-18 ‘19 Lexus IS - ‘10-12 ‘14 ‘15-16 ‘17
Volkswagen Jetta - ‘16 ‘18 - - Lexus LS - ‘10 ‘11-12 ‘13 ‘14
CARS: MIDSIZED AND LARGE Lincoln MKZ ‘11-12 - ‘16 ‘17-18 ‘19
Mercedes-Benz
- ‘13-14 - ‘16 -
Chevrolet Impala - ‘14-15 ‘18-19 - - C-Class
Mercedes-Benz
Chevrolet Malibu ‘12 ‘15 - ‘10,’12 ‘14-15 ‘16 -
E-Class
Ford Fusion ‘12 ‘16 - - - Volvo S60 - - - ‘17-18 -
Ford Taurus ‘11 ‘13-14 ‘15 - - SPORTS CARS/CONVERTIBLES
Honda Accord ‘10-12 ‘13-14 ‘15-17 - - Audi A5 - ‘13-14 ‘15 ‘16 -
Hyundai Azera ‘12-13 ‘14 - - - BMW 2 Series - - - ‘16 -
Hyundai Sonata - ‘15 ‘16 - - BMW 4 Series - - - ‘16 ‘18

Prices Prices
Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K- Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K-
$10K $15K $20K $25K $30K $10K $15K $20K $25K $30K
SPORTS CARS/CONVERTIBLES Continued SUVs: MIDSIZED AND LARGE
Chevrolet Camaro - ‘10 ‘15 - - Acura MDX - ‘10,’12 ‘13-14 - -
Ford Mustang - ‘11-12 - - - Acura RDX ‘10 ‘13 ‘14-15 ‘16-17 ‘18
Mazda MX-5 Miata ‘10-11* ‘12-14 ‘15-17 ‘18-19 - BMW X1 - - ‘15 ‘17 -
Mini Cooper - - ‘16 ‘18-19 - BMW X3 - - - ‘16 ‘17
Porsche Boxster - - - - ‘13-14 Buick Encore - ‘16 ‘17-19 - -
Subaru BRZ - - - ‘17 - Buick Envision - - - ‘18 ‘19
Toyota 86 - - - ‘17 - Chevrolet Equinox - ‘14,’16 ‘17-18 ‘19 -
WAGONS AND MINIVANS Chevrolet Tahoe - ‘11-12 ‘13 - -
Honda Accord Ford Edge - ‘14 ‘15 - -

‘10 - - - -
Crosstour
Ford Flex - - ‘16 ‘18 -
Honda Crosstour - ‘12 - - -
GMC Terrain - ‘14 ‘16-17 ‘18-19 -
Honda Odyssey - - ‘15 ‘16 -
GMC Yukon - ‘11 ‘12-13 - -
Kia Sedona ‘12 - ‘16 ‘17 -
Honda Pilot - ‘11 ‘14-15 - ‘18
Mazda5 ‘13-14 ‘15 - - -
Hyundai Santa Fe - - ‘16 ‘17-18 -
Subaru Outback ‘11 ‘14 ‘16 ‘17 ‘19
Hyundai Santa Fe
- ‘14 ‘16-17 ‘18 -
Toyota Prius V - ‘12-14 ‘15-16 ‘17 - Sport
Infiniti QX50 - - ‘16 ‘17 -
Toyota Sienna ‘10-11 ‘12-13 ‘15-16 ‘18 ‘19
Infiniti QX60 - - - - ‘17-18
Toyota Venza ‘10 ‘11-14 ‘15 - -
Volvo XC70 - ‘12-13 ‘15 ‘16 - Kia Sorento - - ‘17 ‘18-19 -
Lexus GX - - - - ‘14-15
SUVs: SMALL
Lexus NX - - - ‘15 ‘16-17
Audi Q3 - - - ‘16 ‘17-18
Lexus RX - ‘10-11 ‘12-14 ‘15 ‘16
Ford Escape - ‘15 ‘18 ‘19 -
Lincoln MKC - - - ‘17 ‘19
Honda CR-V ‘10-11 ‘12-14 ‘15-16 ‘19 -
Lincoln MKX - ‘13 - ‘17-18 -
Honda Element ‘10 ‘11 - - -
Mazda CX-9 - ‘14-15 - ‘17 ‘18-19
Honda HR-V - - ‘16-18 - -
Nissan Murano ‘12-13 ‘14 - ‘18 ‘19
Hyundai Kona - - ‘18 ‘19 -
Toyota 4Runner - - ‘10-12 ‘13-15 ‘16-17
Hyundai Tucson ‘11,’13 ‘14-15 - ‘19 -
Toyota Highlander - ‘10-12 ‘13-14 ‘15-16 ‘17-18
Kia Sportage - ‘15 ‘18 - -
Volvo XC60 ‘10-11 ‘12 - - ‘17
Mazda CX-3 ‘17-18
PICKUP TRUCKS
Mazda CX-5 - ‘13-15 ‘16-17 ‘18-19 -
Nissan Rogue ‘13 - ‘17-18 - - Ford Ranger ‘11 - - - ‘19
Nissan Rogue Sport - - ‘17-19 - - Honda Ridgeline - ‘10-12 ‘13 ‘14 -
Subaru Forester - - ‘16 ‘18 - Nissan Frontier ‘10-11 ‘12-14 ‘15-16 - -
Subaru Crosstrek - - - ‘18-19 - Toyota Tacoma ‘10 ‘11-13 ‘14-15 ‘19 -
Toyota RAV4 ‘10-11 ‘12-14 ‘15-18 - - Toyota Tundra - ‘10-12 ‘13-15 ‘16 ‘18

2
STRETCH
YOUR FUEL
ECONOMY
Fuel-economy results for nearly 800
cars, trucks, and SUVs, plus our guide to
hybrid, electric, and diesel vehicles.
Fuel prices are incredibly volatile,

moving from a national average of
over $3.50 per gallon in 2012, down
to $2.60 per gallon recently. Most
drivers will experience at least one up
and down fuel-price cycle during their
ownership period. Fortunately, plenty
of vehicles provide good mileage while
demanding few sacrifices.
32
33
2 Fuel Economy
Saving Gas = Saving Cash not be getting the miles per gallon up and down lots of hills, you’ll use
This chapter will guide you to the most you expect, and the pros and cons of more fuel than commuting on flatter
fuel-efficient cars and answer questions hybrids, plug-in hybrids, diesels, terrain. And if you live in the heart
about fuel choices. It’s easy to see how and electric vehicles. of a city or spend a lot of your highway
much you can save by driving a more time in stop-and-go traffic, you’ll get
fuel-efficient vehicle. Fuel Economy: Closer to Reality worse fuel economy than our overall
If you are interested in the overall Whichever type of vehicle you buy, average predicts. Use our fuel-economy
fuel economy and performance data the estimated fuel-economy ratings ratings, or those from the government,
for the hundreds of vehicles we’ve will help you choose the most efficient for a general comparison.
tested since 2010, turn to the charts vehicle to meet your needs. But bear At times the EPA overhauls its
starting on page 39. in mind that your mileage will vary method for estimating fuel economy.
Throughout this chapter, you’ll find based on how you drive and how the The changes for the 2008 model year
advice on various fuel-economy con- car has been maintained. resulted in estimates that are about
cerns, such as how your driving habits Where you live makes a difference, 12 percent lower than they were for
affect your gas mileage, why you might too. If your daily commute takes you 2007. The EPA performed another
This chart can help you vehicle on the other axis.

determine your annual fuel The box where the two
SEE HOW MUCH savings by choosing a

more fuel-efficient vehicle
intersect shows how much
money you’d save per year,
YOU CAN SAVE over one that gets worse

gas mileage.
assuming you drive 12,000
miles per year and gasoline
To compare two vehicles costs $2.60 per gallon.
The savings from buying a more CR has tested, first look Higher fuel prices would
fuel-efficient vehicle can put some up their overall mpg in the mean greater savings.
serious cash in your pocket. charts starting on page A vehicle that uses regular
39. Then find the overall fuel will save you even
mpg figure for one vehicle more money when
on one axis of this chart, compared with one that
and the mpg for the other runs on premium.
MPG 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
12 ≈ $371 $650 $867 $1,040 $1,182 $1,300 $1,400 $1,486 $1,560 $1,625 $1,682 $1,733 $1,779 $1,820 $1,857 $1,891
14 $371 $0 $279 $495 $669 $810 $929 $1,029 $1,114 $1,189 $1,254 $1,311 $1,362 $1,408 $1,449 $1,486 $1,519
16 $650 $279 $0 $217 $390 $532 $650 $750 $836 $910 $975 $1,032 $1,083 $1,129 $1,170 $1,207 $1,241
18 $867 $495 $217 $0 $173 $315 $433 $533 $619 $693 $758 $816 $867 $912 $953 $990 $1,024
20 $1,040 $669 $390 $173 $0 $142 $260 $360 $446 $520 $585 $642 $693 $739 $780 $817 $851
22 $1,182 $810 $532 $315 $142 $0 $118 $218 $304 $378 $443 $501 $552 $597 $638 $675 $709
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: R AYMOND FORBES LLC/ STOCKSY
24 $1,300 $929 $650 $433 $260 $118 $0 $100 $186 $260 $325 $382 $433 $479 $520 $557 $591
26 $1,400 $1,029 $750 $533 $360 $218 $100 $0 $86 $160 $225 $282 $333 $379 $420 $457 $491
28 $1,486 $1,114 $836 $619 $446 $304 $186 $86 $0 $74 $139 $197 $248 $293 $334 $371 $405
30 $1,560 $1,189 $910 $693 $520 $378 $260 $160 $74 $0 $65 $122 $173 $219 $260 $297 $331
32 $1,625 $1,254 $975 $758 $585 $443 $325 $225 $139 $65 $0 $57 $108 $154 $195 $232 $266
34 $1,682 $1,311 $1,032 $816 $642 $501 $382 $282 $197 $122 $57 $0 $51 $97 $138 $175 $209
36 $1,733 $1,362 $1,083 $867 $693 $552 $433 $333 $248 $173 $108 $51 $0 $46 $87 $124 $158
38 $1,779 $1,408 $1,129 $912 $739 $597 $479 $379 $293 $219 $154 $97 $46 $0 $41 $78 $112
40 $1,820 $1,449 $1,170 $953 $780 $638 $520 $420 $334 $260 $195 $138 $87 $41 $0 $37 $71
42 $1,857 $1,486 $1,207 $990 $817 $675 $557 $457 $371 $297 $232 $175 $124 $78 $37 $0 $34
44 $1,891 $1,519 $1,241 $1,024 $851 $709 $591 $491 $405 $331 $266 $209 $158 $112 $71 $34 $0

change for the 2017 model year. To WHAT TO EXPECT the vehicles CR has tested since 2009,
520
compare EPA fuel-economy ratings, go turn to page 39.
to fueleconomy.gov/feg/findacar.htm.
Though the government uses
laboratory tests to determine fuel
economy, we test the cars we’ve
$ Hybrids, Electrics, and Diesels
Buyers continue to show an interest
in hybrids and diesels, even with the cur-
bought at dealerships on real roads rently low fuel prices. Both hybrids and
with real drivers. diesels usually deliver fuel economy that
is among the best in their class. Some
Compare MPG How much you will save in fuel models pay for themselves at the pump—
When it comes time to focus on fuel costs each year if you choose a 20-mpg and in overall owner costs—during a
economy, remember that the difference SUV instead of a 15-mpg one. typical 11-year ownership cycle. But that
between two vehicles can be substan- payoff period becomes shorter when
tial—even those separated by just 5 mpg. fuel prices are higher.
For example, assuming gas costs When buying a used hybrid or diesel,
$2.60 per gallon and you drive the na- you’ll pay a premium because these
tional average of 12,000 miles per year, While both the 2013 BMW X5 and vehicles often have lower depreciation.
look at two midsized, three-row SUVs: 2013 Jeep Grand Cherokee V6 return Fuel costs can be significantly lower
the 2011 Nissan Pathfinder and the 18 mpg overall, the X5 requires than their closest conventional counter-
2011 Hyundai Santa Fe, both of which premium fuel, which means fuel costs parts, so it can be difficult for buyers
come with V6 engines. The Santa Fe will run about $270 more annually to know whether they will recoup the
got 20 mpg overall in our fuel-economy than for the Jeep. extra investment.
tests, saving you almost $520 per year Sports and luxury cars designed Buying a used hybrid such as the
over the 15-mpg Pathfinder. If you drive to run on premium gas usually have Toyota Highlander Hybrid, Ford
more miles or gas prices rise, the sav- higher-performance engines. These Fusion Hybrid, Honda Civic Hybrid,
ings are even greater. use a higher compression ratio, which Toyota Camry Hybrid, or Toyota Prius
And it’s not just SUVs. If you bought generates more heat in the cylinders. can save you money even when fuel
a 2013 four-cylinder Nissan Altima, That makes them more prone to is cheap, as long as you keep the car a
which got 31 mpg overall in our tests, early detonation of the fuel/air mixture, few years.
instead of the four-cylinder Dodge known as “knocking” or “pinging.” Some hybrids, however, will cost
Avenger that got 21 mpg overall, you Premium gas, which has an octane you more to own than a conventional
could save almost $480 per year rating of 91 or higher, is less volatile equivalent at any gas price on record.
in fuel costs. than regular, and thus more resistant For example, a Lexus RX 450h gets
Switching categories might save to premature combustion than lower- just 5 mpg better fuel economy than
you even more money. For example, octane gas. Using premium in an the conventional RX 350, not enough of
a 24-mpg Mazda5 wagon has more engine that doesn’t require it, how- a savings with current fuel prices to
passenger and cargo space than a ever, doesn’t improve performance pay off the difference in vehicle price.
16-mpg Subaru Tribeca SUV. Choosing and is a waste of money. Likewise, at current fuel prices, you
the Mazda5 could save you $650 per Be sure to check the owner’s wouldn’t come out ahead anytime soon
year in fuel. manual. If premium is recommended by buying the 32-mpg Nissan Altima
As you compare the fuel economy but not required, you can run on Hybrid over the regular Altima 2.5 S,
of different vehicles, be sure to check regular gasoline without problems which gets 26 mpg overall.
the required grade of gasoline. A because the engine’s electronic
model that gets similar, or even slightly controls compensate by reducing Hybrid Longevity: Should
better, gas mileage than another power. We’ve found the difference You Worry?
may not be a bargain if it requires in performance is imperceptible Based on data from our Annual Auto
premium fuel. in normal, everyday driving. Survey, we’ve found that the Toyota
Premium gas now sells for a lot After you’ve narrowed down your Prius hybrid has outstanding reliabil-
more than regular gas. If the national av- choices, turn to page 36 to see how ity and low ownership costs. But we
erage for regular is $2.60, premium much money you could save annually wanted to know whether the effective-
will likely cost more than $3.00. So by choosing one model over another. ness of the battery degraded over
buying a car that doesn’t require For a full rundown on the fuel econ- the long run.
premium can bring a decent savings. omy and performance results of all In order to determine whether

2 Fuel Economy
battery degradation had an impact on Electric Vehicles: More sell PHEV versions of existing vehicles.
fuel economy, in 2011 we tested a 2004 Mainstream Every Year Battery-only EVs require basic
Prius with almost 215,000 miles on The biggest news has been about battery changes in driving habits and often
it. We then compared the results with electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in some hefty household electrical work.
a nearly identical 2004 Prius that we hybrid EVs (PHEVs). There are more EVs While the Chevrolet Bolt, Hyundai
tested when new. In addition to having and PHEVs on the road than ever, and Kona, and Tesla Model S, X, and 3 have
the original battery, the retested 2004 their ranges are getting longer. ranges between 180 and over 300 miles
Prius had the original engine as well EVs allow drivers to commute mod- on a single charge, other EVs on the
as the original transmission. erate distances using no gasoline and market have a limited driving range.
The results? Overall fuel economy producing no tailpipe emissions. They They all can take hours to recharge on
dropped to 42 mpg for the 215,000-mile can be charged by plugging them into a household outlet and cost more to
car compared with 44 mpg back in 2004. a household wall outlet, although how buy than similar conventional cars.
Highway mileage dipped to 47.9 mpg, long it takes to recharge depends on Battery life expectancy and replace-
from 50.4 back in 2004. City mileage the vehicle and the electrical voltage. ment cost remain question marks,
dropped to 32.2 mpg compared with the Used EVs and PHEVs are available and the public charging infrastructure
original car’s 35.4 mpg. from Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Chevrolet, is still limited.
If the battery of this 215k-mile car Fiat, Ford, Honda, Hyundai, Jaguar, Kia,
had to be replaced, it would cost between Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Before You Buy: Things
$2,800 and $3,200 from a dealer, Nissan, Smart, Tesla, Toyota, Volkswa- to Consider
after receiving a “core credit” of about gen, and Volvo. Answer these questions to determine
$1,350 for the old battery pack. The Chevrolet Volt and Toyota Prius whether an EV is right for you:
But there is no need to spend that Prime PHEVs are a bridge between ® How far do you drive? If you will be
much. In our searches, we found many fully electric vehicles and hybrids. They using the car for running local errands
low-mile used batteries for sale at can run only on electricity, and then or you have a short commute, say 20
prices between $500 and $1,000, and switch to gas/electric hybrid operation to 30 miles each way, the Nissan Leaf
some remanufactured batteries start once the battery depletes. Automakers would probably fit your needs. With
as low as $850. such as BMW, Mercedes, and Volvo also an extended-range EV like the Volt or
simultaneously committed a drag. Don’t add to that by

number of fuel-economy faux carrying unneeded things on the
TIPS TO GET THE pas in the Camry, it still got

better fuel economy than the
roof. After installing a large car-
top carrier, we saw a 6 mpg drop
MOST MPG Mountaineer did at its best. on the Camry, from 35 mpg to
29; the boxier Mountaineer went
MOST IMPACT from 21 mpg to 20.
Minimize driving with a cold We also installed a bike rack
engine. Engines run most on a 2013 Honda Accord and
efficiently when they’re warm. evaluated the highway fuel
In our city-driving tests, making economy at 65 mph in various
How you drive can significantly of the Honda Accord, Subaru multiple short trips and starting configurations. Without a rack,
affect your fuel economy. That’s Forester, and Toyota Camry the engine from cold reduced we got 42 mpg; with the empty
the key finding of CR’s fuel- sedans, and a V8-powered fuel economy for both the Camry rack, mileage dropped to
economy tests. On the highway, Mercury Mountaineer SUV. and the Mountaineer. Engines 37 mpg; with an empty rack
keeping your speed down, driving We tested the effects of also produce more pollution and a wind deflector installed,
steadily, and not carrying items driving aggressively, carrying a and wear faster when cold. To we got 35 mpg; with two bikes
on the roof are key to cutting car-top storage box, driving minimize cold-engine driving, and the deflector, it dropped
PHOTO: SHUT TERSTOCK
fuel bills. In city and stop-and-go at faster and slower speeds on combine short trips so that the down to 27 mpg.
conditions, driving smoothly the highway, and driving with engine stays warm. Slow down. Aerodynamic drag
and with the engine warmed up a cold engine, underinflated Reduce unnecessary drag. increases exponentially the faster
make the greatest difference. tires, and a dirty air cleaner. At highway speeds, more than you drive on the highway. We
We conducted a series of Of course, the biggest factor is 50 percent of engine power goes tested our vehicles’ fuel economy
tests using four-cylinder versions vehicle choice. Even when we to overcoming aerodynamic at 55, 65, and 75 mph. Driving

BMW i3, distance is not such a limiting
factor. Of course, if you can plug in CARGO COSTS
while you’re away from home, you’ll Adding bike racks
and car carriers
extend your electric-driving range and
can decrease
fuel-cost savings. Longer trips aren’t fuel economy.
an EV’s strength.
Keep in mind that a car’s electric
range can vary significantly depending
on weather and driving style. Our Tesla
Model S and X usually give us about
225 miles per charge. But in cold weather
that drops to 185. We’ve also found
that using the heater in cold weather is
a big drain on the battery range.
® Will an EV save you money? Because
EVs don’t have an engine or conven-

tional transmission, they generally have
lower maintenance costs, which should
save money over time. Depending on
your local electricity rates and what you
currently drive, running an EV should
cost less than filling up with gas.
Electricity costs an average of 12 cents
per kilowatt-hour in the U.S. Most
EVs run for about 3 miles per kWh, which
works out to about 4 cents per mile.
With regular gas costing about $2.60
at 75 mph instead of 65 reduced in top gear. Smooth acceler- much greater. In any case, the and can lead to a blowout.
the Camry’s gas mileage from ation, cornering, and braking A/C helps dehumidify the cabin, Check the pressure of your
35 mpg to 30. For the Mercury, also extend the life of the which can contribute to keeping vehicle’s tires at least once per
fuel economy fell from 21 mpg to engine, transmission, brakes, the driver alert and safe. We think month, when the tires are cold.
18. Slowing down to 55 mph im- and tires. that’s a worthwhile trade-off. Also check the tires before
proved the gas mileage by similar Use air conditioning if you and after long road trips. The
margins: The Camry improved must. We tested the effects LITTLE IMPACT recommended tire pressure
to 40 mpg and the Mountaineer of using air conditioning vs. Keep tires inflated. Our tests is found on a label inside the
to 24 mpg. opening the windows at various show that driving on moderately car—usually in a doorjamb,
temperatures. At the relatively underinflated tires is more inside the glove-box lid, or in-
SOME IMPACT low temperature of 55° F, we of a safety concern than a fuel- side the fuel-filler lid.
Drive smoothly. In our tests, found that the effects of running economy concern. We set Keep your air filter clean.
frequent bursts of accelera- the A/C were minimal. But on the air pressure in all four We found that driving with a
tion and braking reduced the an 85° F day, running the A/C tires in both the Camry and dirty air filter in modern engines
Camry’s mileage by 2 to 3 mpg reduced fuel economy by as Mountaineer to 10 psi below didn’t have a significant impact.
and the Mountaineer’s by much as 5 mpg on the highway. that recommended by the auto We drove both vehicles with
about 1 mpg. The harder you We performed this test on manufacturer. This reduced their air cleaners restricted and
accelerate, the more fuel you various car types and found highway mileage only slightly found little difference in mile-
use. Unnecessary braking that the car also makes for both vehicles. age, because today’s engines
wastes the fuel you used to get a difference. The A/C cut our But more important, under- precisely control the air/fuel
up to speed. Drive smoothly Forester’s mileage by only inflated tires provide much less ratio, based on the volume of
and anticipate the movement of about 1 mpg on the highway grip for turning and stopping, air coming in through the filter.
traffic. Once up to highway and about 2 mpg in town. But and they run much hotter. Both cars did accelerate much
speed, maintain a steady pace the effect on our Accord was Overheated tires wear faster more slowly, however.

2 Fuel Economy
per gallon, a car such as the Toyota and prices have been coming down. rates for electric cars and for off-peak
Corolla, which gets a very good 32 mpg ® What will you pay for charging? charging. But such rate plans require
overall, would cost 8 cents per mile Many utilities offer a wide variety of the installation of “smart” meters, which
for fuel. But electrical rates vary widely, rate plans, so it’s important to find can monitor the time of day when elec-
so check your local rates. out which will work for you. High electricity is used. So it’s best to call your
No one knows how long the newer tric rates can erode an EV’s savings over utility company before you buy an
lithium-ion batteries will last before a gas car. For example, at our track in electric car.
they’ll need replacement. And there’s Connecticut, electricity is about 19 cents
no track record with which to gauge per kWh. Even at that rate, electric cars Diesel Struggles: An
them, as there is with the nickel- cost only one-half to two-thirds as much Ongoing Battle
metal-hydride batteries in today’s to drive per mile as the most efficient Diesel passenger cars have faced
hybrids. The Leaf and Volt carry 8-year/ gasoline-powered cars. an uphill struggle in the U.S. Initially,
100,000-mile warranties on their Off-peak electricity rates are lower there was the perception they were
battery packs and related hardware— in some areas of the country because loud, clattering vehicles with lousy
and some states mandate longer war- you’re taking advantage of the excess acceleration and an oily smell. But
ranties. But EVs don’t require routine capacity that power plants have at modern technology has made today’s
maintenance for oil changes, or re- night. In Detroit, for example, charg- diesels peppy and unobtrusive. They
placement fans, belts, or spark plugs, ing off-peak in the summer would cost are quicker and quieter than their pre-
like gas-powered cars do. 5.65 cents per kWh, or about 50 cents decessors because of turbocharging,
® How you can charge at home. You for a full charge, less than half what it ultra-precise, high-pressure “common
can charge an EV at any household costs during summer peak hours. rail” fuel injection, and better exhaust-
outlet, but you may be hard-pressed to Buyers who live in California, where system catalysts.
charge a dedicated EV overnight on a EVs and public chargers are more However, without advanced emis-
120-volt outlet (known as Level 1 charg- plentiful, need to be especially care- sions controls, diesels can emit higher
ing). A heavy-duty 240-volt outlet (Level ful when choosing a plan. That state’s levels of two hard-to-manage pollut-
2 charging) on a dedicated 30- or 40-amp Public Utilities Commission has set ants: oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which
circuit, similar to an outlet for an caps on usage for the lowest rates in form smog and contribute to acid rain,
electric clothes dryer, is more practical. basic plans. So unless you choose and particulates (soot), which have
Installing a 240-volt connector runs an appropriate plan, charging an elec- been linked to respiratory problems.
an estimated $700 to $2,000, depend- tric car can quickly kick you into a In 2015, the Environmental Protec-
ing on the home’s existing wiring and higher price bracket. tion Agency and the California Air
location of the outlet. Level 2 chargers Almost every electric utility has Resources Board announced that Volks-
are currently retailing for about $500, developed, or is developing, special wagen had been cheating on its
diesel emissions controls.
VW admitted to circumventing the
emissions control system in more than
500,000 diesel vehicles sold in the U.S.
since 2008. Owners were able to sell
their VW diesels back to Volkswagen or
choose to have them fixed. Volkswagen
was also allowed to fix the cars that they
bought back and resell them.
If you have your heart set on driving
a diesel, you can buy used cars, SUVs,
and trucks from BMW, Chevrolet, GMC,
Jaguar, Jeep, Land Rover, Mercedes-
Benz, and Ram, in addition to the fixed
Audi, Porsche, and VW models.
PHOTO: GET T Y IMAGES
PAY AT THE PUMP However, there won’t be as many

If your car only
to choose from going forward. Most
requires regular
fuel, don’t pay automakers have either stopped selling
extra for premium. new diesel cars and SUVs, or shelved
plans to sell them in the U.S.

Ratings
2010-2019 CR Fuel-Economy
and Road-Test Data
These charts show the overall fuel-economy, acceleration, and is the miles per gallon from CR’s tests. For electric cars (identified with *)
braking test results for nearly 800 vehicles. Trans. is the transmis- the mpg equivalent is listed. Plug-in hybrid (identified with **)
sion type (AT=automatic, MT=manual, CVT=continuously variable, mileage is a combination of electric and gas. 0-60 mph acceleration
Seq=sequential, D=direct drive) and number of speeds as tested. HP is determined by starting from a standstill with the engine idling.
is the horsepower of the engine tested. Engine is the configuration Braking is the distance in feet that a vehicle took to stop from 60 mph
(T=turbo, SC=supercharged, TD=turbodiesel, L=liters). CR’s overall mpg on dry pavement without any of the wheels locking up.
Model- Model-
Tested Model Trans. HP Engine Road-Test Data Tested Model Trans. HP Engine Road-Test Data
Year Range Year Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Acura ILX 2.0 L 2012-2015 5 AT 150 2.0 L 4 28 9.4 136 Audi Q7 3.6 2010 6 AT 280 3.6 L V6 17 8.9 140
Acura ILX Premium 2016-2019 seq 8 201 2.4 L 4 28 7.5 132 Audi Q7 4.2 2010 6 AT 350 4.2 L V8 15 8.2 138
Acura MDX 2010-2013 6 AT 300 3.7 L V6 18 7.3 126 Audi Q7 Premium 3.0 L V6
Plus 2017-2019 8 AT 333 SC 20 6.7 127
Acura MDX Tech 2014-2015 6 AT 290 3.5 L V6 20 7.2 136
Audi TT Premium
Plus 2011-2015 seq 6 211 2.0 L 4 T 25 6.7 120
Acura MDX Tech 2016-2019 9 AT 290 3.5 L V6 21 6.8 135
Acura RDX 2010-2012 5 AT 240 2.3 L 4 T 18 7.4 133 Audi TT 2.0T 2016-2019 seq 6 220 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.3 113
Acura RDX 2013-2018 6 AT 273 3.5 L V6 22 6.6 132 BMW 135i 2010-2013 6 MT 300 3.0 L 6 T 23 5.2 119
Acura RDX 2019 10 AT 272 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.0 127 BMW M235i 2014-2016 6 MT 320 3.0 L 6 T 25 5.2 115
Acura RL 2010-2012 5 AT 300 3.7 L V6 19 6.9 131 BMW 328i conv. 2010-2012 6 AT 230 3.0 L 6 21 7.8 134
Acura RLX Tech 2014-2019 6 AT 310 3.5 L V6 23 6.5 128 BMW 328i 2010-2011 6 AT 230 3.0 L 6 23 6.9 130
Acura TL 2010-2011 5 AT 280 3.5 L V6 23 6.8 128 BMW 328i 2012-2016 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 28 6.3 132
BMW 335d 2010-2011 6 AT 265 3.0 L 6 28 6.7 134

Acura TL 2012-2014 6 AT 280 3.5 L V6 24 6.8 131 TD
Acura TLX (4-cyl.) 2015-2019 seq 8 206 2.4 L 4 27 7.4 129 2.0 L 4
BMW 328d xDrive 2014-2018 8 AT 180 TD 35 8.5 132
Acura TLX (V6) 2015-2019 9 AT 290 3.5 L V6 25 6.5 129
BMW 330i xDrive 2017-2018 8 AT 248 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.9 129
Acura TSX 2010-2014 5 AT 201 2.4 L 4 25 8.3 138
BMW 330i xDrive 2019 8 AT 255 2.0 L 4 T 29 6.4 129
Alfa Romeo Giulia Ti 2017-2019 8 AT 280 2.0 L 4 T 27 6.7 136
BMW 535i 2010 6 AT 300 3.0 L 6 T 22 5.8 138
Alfa Romeo
Stelvio Ti 2018-2019 8 AT 280 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.0 132
BMW 535i 2011-2016 8 AT 300 3.0 L 6 T 23 6.1 137
Audi A3 2.0T 2010-2014 seq 6 200 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.3 134 BMW 530i xDrive 2017-2019 8 AT 248 2.0 L 4 T 26 7.2 130
Audi A3 (1.8T) 2015-2016 seq 6 170 1.8 L 4 T 27 8.3 124 BMW 650i 2010 6 AT 360 4.8 L V8 19 5.6 122
Audi A4 2.0T 2010 6 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.3 128 4.4 L
BMW 750Li 2010-2012 6 AT 400 V8 T 18 5.7 126
Audi A4 Premium 2011-2016 8 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.2 140
4.4 L
Audi A4 Premium BMW 750i xDrive 2016-2019 8 AT 445 V8 T 21 5.3 131
Plus 2017-2019 seq 7 252 2.0 L 4 T 27 6.3 135
BMW i3 Giga 2014-2019 1D 170 1.3 L 2 139* 7.5 131
Audi A5 Premium 2010 6 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.0 134 +E
Plus conv.
BMW X1 xDrive28i 2013-2015 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 23 6.8 133
Audi A6 3.0T 2010-2011 6 AT 300 3.0 L V6 20 5.7 133
Premium SC 2.0 L
BMW X1 xDrive28i 2016-2019 8 AT 228 4T 26 7.9 134
Audi A6 Premium 3.0 L V6
Plus 2012-2018 8 AT 310 SC 22 5.7 132
Audi A6 2.0T 2019 8 AT 248 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.8 129 BMW X3 3.0si 2010 6 AT 260 3.0 L 6 19 7.9 129
Audi A7 3.0 TDI 2015 8 AT 240 3.0 L V6 28 6.6 129 BMW X3 xDrive28i 2011-2012 8 AT 240 3.0 L 6 22 7.2 134
TD
Audi A8 L 2010 6 AT 330 4.2 L V8 17 7.6 131 BMW X3 xDrive28i 2013-2017 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.3 130
Audi A8 L 2011-2012 8 AT 372 4.2 L V8 21 5.5 126 BMW X3 xDrive30i 2018-2019 8 AT 248 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.7 128
3.0 L BMW X5 3.0si 2010 6 AT 260 3.0 L 6 17 8.6 130
Audi A8 3.0T 2019 8 AT 335 V6 T 21 6.1 133
BMW X5 xDrive35d 2010-2013 6 AT 265 3.0 L 6 22 8.3 130
Audi Allroad TD
Premium 2013-2016 8 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.1 131
BMW X5 xDrive35i
Prem. 2011-2013 8 AT 300 3.0 L 6 T 18 7.0 131
Audi Q3 2015-2018 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.4 132
Audi Q3 2019 8 AT 228 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.8 126
BMW X5 xDrive35i 2019 8 AT 335 3.0 L 6 T 23 6.0 129
Audi Q5 2010-2011 6 AT 270 3.2 L V6 19 7.1 130
BMW Z4 sDrive28i 2012-2016 6 MT 240 2.0 L 4 T 28 6.1 122
Audi Q5 Premium 2012-2017 8 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 21 7.9 130
Plus BMW Z4 sDrive30i 2019 8 AT 255 2.0 L 4 T 29 6.1 111
Audi Q5 Premium 2018-2019 seq 7 252 2.0 L 4 T 24 6.8 130 Buick Cascada
Plus Premium 2016-2019 6 AT 200 1.6 L 4 T 22 8.9 134

Ratings 2009-2018 CR Fuel-Economy and Road-Test Data
Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Buick Encore 2013-2019 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 23 11.0 127 Chevrolet Corvette 2010-2013 6 MT 505 7.0 L V8 19 4.3 121
(Leather) Z06
Buick Enclave CXL 2010-2017 6 AT 288 3.6 L V6 15 7.9 142 Chevrolet Corvette 2014-2019 7 MT 460 6.2 L V8 20 4.3 107
Stingray 3LT
Buick Enclave 2018-2019 9 AT 310 3.6 L V6 18 7.4 130
Premium Chevrolet Cruze 1LT 2011-2015 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 26 9.8 139
Buick Envision 2016-2018 6 AT 252 2.0 L 4 T 21 7.9 128 Chevrolet Cruze LS 2011-2015 6 AT 138 1.8 L 4 26 10.5 139
Premium
Chevrolet Cruze Eco 2012-2015 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 27 10.0 131
Buick LaCrosse CXS 2010-2016 6 AT 280 3.6 L V6 20 7.2 137
Chevrolet Cruze LT 2016-2019 6 AT 153 1.4 L 4 T 30 8.5 125
Buick LaCrosse CX 2010-2011 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 23 10.2 132
Chevrolet Cruze 2014-2015 6 AT 151 2.0 L 4 33 9.7 134
Buick LaCrosse 2012-2016 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 26 9.2 130 Diesel TD
Leather
Chevrolet Cruze 2017-2019 9 AT 137 1.6 L 4 41 9.1 132
Buick LaCrosse Diesel TD
Essence 2017-2019 9 AT 310 3.6 L V6 24 6.3 127
Chevrolet Equinox
Buick Lucerne CXS 2010-2011 4 AT 275 4.6 L V8 17 7.5 143 1LT 2010-2017 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 21 10.7 138
Buick Regal CXL 2011-2012 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 23 9.9 131 Chevrolet Equinox 2010-2012 6 AT 264 3.0 L V6 18 9.1 134
2LT
Buick Regal CXL 2011-2013 6 AT 220 2.0 L 4 T 23 8.3 134 Chevrolet Equinox
turbo LTZ 2013-2017 6 AT 292 3.6 L V6 18 7.1 138
Buick Regal 2014-2017 6 AT 259 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.4 125 Chevrolet Equinox
Premium I LT 2018-2019 6 AT 170 1.5 L 4 T 25 9.6 132
Buick Regal Essence 2018-2019 8 AT 250 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.0 125 Chevrolet Equinox 1.6 L 4
(AWD) LT Diesel 2018-2019 6 AT 137 TD 31 10.1 135
Buick Verano
Leather 2012-2017 6 AT 180 2.4 L 4 24 8.5 129 Chevrolet HHR LT 2010-2011 4 AT 172 2.4 L 4 24 9.1 143
Cadillac ATS Luxury 2013-2015 6 AT 272 2.0 L 4 T 23 6.5 125 Chevrolet Impala LT 2010-2011 4 AT 211 3.5 L V6 20 9.5 135
Cadillac CT6 Luxury 2016-2019 8 AT 335 3.6 L V6 22 6.5 125 Chevrolet Impala LT 2012-2013 6 AT 302 3.6 L V6 22 7.2 137
Chevrolet Impala 2014-2019 6 AT 305 3.6 L V6 22 6.9 130
Cadillac CTS 2010-2013 6 AT 304 3.6 L V6 19 6.8 129 2LTZ
Premium
Chevrolet Malibu 2010-2012 6 AT 252 3.6 L V6 20 6.5 129
Cadillac CTS Luxury 2014-2015 6 AT 321 3.6 L V6 21 6.8 127 LTZ
(AWD)
Chevrolet Malibu
Cadillac CTS Luxury Hybrid 2010 4 AT 164 2.4 L 4 27 10.3 131
(AWD) 2016-2019 8 AT 335 3.6 L V6 22 6.5 127
Cadillac DTS Chevrolet Malibu LT 2010-2012 6 AT 169 2.4 L 4 25 9.4 138
2010-2011 4 AT 275 4.6 L V8 17 7.6 145
Luxury II Chevrolet Malibu
Eco 2013 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 29 8.6 132
Cadillac Escalade 2010-2014 6 AT 403 6.2 L V8 13 7.5 158
(base) Chevrolet Malibu
1LT 2013-2015 6 AT 197 2.5 L 4 26 8.1 135
Cadillac Escalade 2015-2019 8 AT 420 6.2 L V8 16 6.1 142
Luxury Chevrolet Malibu
2LTZ 2013-2015 6 AT 259 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.0 128
Cadillac SRX Luxury 2010-2011 6 AT 265 3.0 L V6 17 8.6 126
Chevrolet Malibu LT 2016-2019 6 AT 160 1.5 L 4 T 29 8.4 130
Cadillac SRX Luxury 2012-2016 6 AT 308 3.6 L V6 18 7.1 135
Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2019 CVT 182 1.8 L 4 41 8.0 135
Cadillac STS Luxury 2010-2011 6 AT 302 3.6 L V6 18 6.4 133 Hybrid
Cadillac XT4 Chevrolet Silverado 2010-2013 6 AT 315 5.3 L V8 14 7.9 150
2019 9 AT 237 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.6 128 1500 LT
Premium Luxury
Cadillac XT5 Luxury 2017-2019 8 AT 310 3.6 L V6 20 7.1 132 Chevrolet Silverado 2014-2018 6 AT 355 5.3 L V8 16 7.5 138
1500 LT
Cadillac XTS Chevrolet Silverado
Premium 2013-2019 6 AT 304 3.6 L V6 22 7.2 128 2019 8 AT 355 5.3 L V8 17 6.9 136
1500 LT
Chevrolet Chevrolet Silverado 6.6 L V8
Avalanche LT 2010-2013 6 AT 320 5.3 L V8 14 8.9 146 2010 6 AT 365 13 8.4 171
2500HD LTZ TD
Chevrolet Aveo5 LT 2010-2011 4 AT 106 1.6 L 4 26 11.7 138 Chevrolet Silverado 6.6 L V8
2011-2013 6 AT 397 14 7.9 148
2500HD LTZ TD
Chevrolet Aveo LT 2010-2011 4 AT 103 1.6 L 4 25 11.6 133
Chevrolet Silverado 6.6 L V8
2500HD LTZ 2016-2018 6 AT 397 TD 14 8.2 157
Chevrolet Blazer 2019 9 AT 305 3.6 L V6 19 6.4 130
Chevrolet Bolt Chevrolet Sonic LTZ 2012-2016 6 MT 138 1.4 L 4 T 30 8.9 130
Premier 2017-2019 1D 200 electric 119* 6.8 138 hatch.
Chevrolet Camaro Chevrolet Sonic LT
2010-2015 6 MT 304 3.6 L V6 21 6.6 133 sedan 2012-2019 6 AT 138 1.8 L 4 28 9.3 128
2LT
Chevrolet Camaro Chevrolet Spark 1LT 2013 4 AT 84 1.2 L 4 32 13.0 138
2SS coupe 2010-2015 6 MT 426 6.2 L V8 18 5.1 129
Chevrolet Spark 1LT 2014-2015 CVT 84 1.2 L 4 31 12.8 128
Chevrolet Camaro 2011-2015 6 AT 400 6.2 L V8 17 5.6 117
2SS conv. Chevrolet Spark 1LT 2016-2019 CVT 98 1.4 L 4 33 12.0 129
Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2019 6 MT 455 6.2 L V8 20 4.4 112 Chevrolet SS 2014-2016 6 AT 415 6.2 L V8 17 5.1 118
2SS coupe
Chevrolet Suburban
Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2010 4 AT 148 2.2 L 4 24 9.3 141 LT 2010-2014 6 AT 320 5.3 L V8 14 8.4 147
Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2010 5 MT 260 2.0 L 4 T 22 6.4 127 Chevrolet Suburban 2015-2019 6 AT 355 5.3 L V8 16 7.9 139
LTZ
Chevrolet Colorado 2010-2012 4 AT 220 3.5 L 5 16 9.6 156
LS Chevrolet Tahoe 2010-2014 6 AT 320 5.3 L V8 14 8.4 144
LTZ
Chevrolet Colorado 2015-2019 6 AT 305 3.6 L V6 18 7.5 132
(V6) Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2015-2019 6 AT 355 5.3 L V8 16 7.7 136
Chevrolet Colorado 2016-2019 6 AT 181 2.8 L 4 24 10.3 134 Chevrolet Tahoe
(diesel) TD Hybrid 2010-2013 CVT 332 6.0 L V8 19 9.6 156

Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Chevrolet Traverse 2010-2017 6 AT 281 3.6 L V6 16 7.9 141 Fiat 124 Lusso 2017-2019 6 MT 160 1.4 L 4 T 31 7.1 121
LT
Fiat 500 Sport 2012-2017 5 MT 101 1.4 L 4 33 11.3 134
Chevrolet Traverse 2018-2019 9 AT 310 3.6 L V6 20 7.3 130
LT Fiat 500c Pop 2012-2017 5 MT 101 1.4 L 4 34 11.0 129
Chevrolet Trax 2015-2019 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 25 10.8 130 Fiat 500 Abarth 2013-2019 5 MT 160 1.4 L 4 T 28 8.0 125
Chevrolet Volt 2011-2015 1D 150 1.4 L 4 61** 9.4 136
+E Fiat 500L Easy 2014-2019 seq 6 160 1.4 L 4 T 27 9.5 132
1.5 L 4 Fiat 500X Pop 2016-2019 9 AT 180 2.4 L 4 23 9.8 130
Chevrolet Volt LT 2016-2019 1D 149 +E 105* 8.0 133
Ford C-MAX Energi 2013-2017 CVT 195 2.0 L 4 47** 8.1 136
Chrysler 200 2011-2014 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 21 6.8 140 +E
Limited
Ford C-MAX Hybrid 2013-2018 CVT 188 2.0 L 4 37 8.4 138
Chrysler 200 C 2015-2017 9 AT 295 3.6 L V6 25 6.9 138
Ford EcoSport SES 2018-2019 6 AT 166 2.0 L 4 24 10.7 132
Chrysler 200 2015-2017 9 AT 184 2.4 L 4 30 9.8 130
Limited Ford Edge SEL 2010 6 AT 265 3.5 L V6 16 8.3 147
Chrysler 300 Touring 2010 4 AT 250 3.5 L V6 19 8.1 136 Ford Edge SEL 2011-2014 6 AT 285 3.5 L V6 18 8.1 134
Chrysler 300 2012-2019 8 AT 292 3.6 L V6 22 7.4 137 Ford Edge SEL
Limited (FWD) 2012-2014 6 AT 247 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.9 132
Chrysler 300 C 2010 5 AT 340 5.7 L V8 16 6.4 133 Ford Edge (2.0T) 2015-2018 6 AT 245 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.8 132
Chrysler 300 C 2011-2014 5 AT 363 5.7 L V8 18 6.2 134 Ford Edge (2.0T) 2019 8 AT 250 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.7 129
Chrysler 300 C 2015-2019 8 AT 363 5.7 L V8 20 6.1 134 Ford Escape XLT 2010-2012 6 AT 240 3.0 L V6 19 7.9 141
Chrysler Pacifica 2017-2019 9 AT 287 3.6 L V6 21 8.0 136 Ford Escape XLT 2010-2012 6 AT 171 2.5 L 4 21 10.0 141
Touring L
Chrysler Pacifica Ford Escape SE 2013-2016 6 AT 173 1.6 L 4 T 22 9.9 133
Hybrid Plat. 2017-2019 CVT 248 3.6 L V6 27 8.3 145
Ford Escape 2013-2016 6 AT 231 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.2 134
Chrysler Sebring Ltd Titanium
2010 6 AT 235 3.5 L V6 19 8.0 145
conv. Ford Escape SE 2017-2019 6 AT 179 1.5 L 4 T 23 10.1 132
Chrysler Sebring
Touring 2010 4 AT 173 2.4 L 4 23 10.2 145 Ford Expedition EL 2010-2014 6 AT 300 5.4 L V8 13 9.1 154
Chrysler T & C Ltd 2010 6 AT 251 4.0 L V6 17 8.8 149 Ford Expedition EL 2015-2017 6 AT 365 3.5 L 14 7.2 136
V6 T
Chrysler T & C 2011-2016 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 17 8.1 141
Tour.-L Ford Expedition 2018-2019 10 AT 375 3.5 L 16 7.3 143
MAX Limited V6 T
Dodge Avenger R/T 2010 6 AT 235 3.5 L V6 20 7.7 140
Ford Explorer XLT 2010 5 AT 210 4.0 L V6 15 9.7 152
Dodge Avenger 2011-2013 6 AT 173 2.4 L 4 21 10.3 143
Mainstreet Ford Explorer 2010 6 AT 292 4.6 L V8 14 8.3 154
Eddie Bauer
Dodge Caliber SXT 2010-2012 CVT 158 2.4 L 4 24 10.5 149
Ford Explorer XLT 2011-2019 6 AT 290 3.5 L V6 18 7.9 135
Dodge Challenger 2010 6 MT 370 5.7 L V8 18 5.9 142
R/T Ford F-150 XLT (V8) 2010 6 AT 310 5.4 L V8 14 8.2 138
Dodge Challenger 2011-2014 6 MT 376 5.7 L V8 19 6.5 130 Ford F-150 XLT (V8) 2011-2014 6 AT 360 5.0 L V8 15 7.8 142
R/T
Ford F-150 XLT 2011-2014 6 AT 365 3.5 L 15 7.7 142
Dodge Challenger 2015-2019 6 MT 375 5.7 L V8 20 5.5 119 (3.5T) V6 T
R/T Plus
Ford F-150 XLT 3.5 L
Dodge Charger SXT 2010 5 AT 250 3.5 L V6 19 8.2 131 (3.5T) 2015-2017 6 AT 365 V6 T 16 7.2 139
Dodge Charger (base) 2011-2012 5 AT 292 3.6 L V6 21 7.5 134 Ford F-150 XLT 2015-2017 6 AT 325 2.7 L 17 7.0 137
(2.7T) V6 T
Dodge Charger 2012-2019 8 AT 292 3.6 L V6 22 7.4 134
SXT Plus Ford F-150 XLT 2.7 L
(2.7T) 2018-2019 10 AT 325 V6 T 19 6.8 145
Dodge Charger R/T 2010 5 AT 340 5.7 L V8 17 6.0 131 6.7 L V8
Ford F-250 Lariat 2011-2016 6 AT 400 16 8.7 157
Dodge Charger (V8) 2015-2019 8 AT 370 5.7 L V8 20 6.1 128 TD
6.7-L V8
Dodge Dakota SLT 2010-2011 5 AT 230 4.7 L V8 14 9.0 145 Ford F-250 Lariat 2017-2019 6 AT 450 TD 15 8.1 155
Dodge Dart Rallye 2013 6 seq 160 1.4 L 4 T 29 8.6 131 Ford Fiesta SES 2011-2019 5 MT 120 1.6 L 4 32 10.7 134
hatch.
Dodge Dart SXT 2013 6 AT 160 2.0 L 4 27 11.0 127
Ford Fiesta SE
Dodge Dart SXT 2014-2016 6 AT 184 2.4 L 4 27 9.3 127 sedan 2011-2019 seq 6 120 1.6 L 4 33 10.9 142
Dodge Durango 2011-2013 5 AT 360 5.7 L V8 14 8.1 140 Ford Fiesta SE (1.0T) 2014-2017 5 MT 123 1.0 L 3 T 35 9.0 125
(V8)
Ford Fiesta ST 2014-2019 6 MT 197 1.6 L 4 T 29 7.3 118
Dodge Durango 2011-2013 5 AT 290 3.6 L V6 17 9.4 144
(V6) Ford Flex SEL 2010-2012 6 AT 262 3.5 L V6 17 9.0 144
Dodge Durango 3.5 L
(V6) 2014-2019 8 AT 290 3.6 L V6 18 8.3 134 Ford Flex Limited 2010-2012 6 AT 355 17 6.5 140
V6 T
Dodge Grand 2010 6 AT 197 3.8 L V6 16 10.3 154 Ford Flex SEL 2013-2019 6 AT 287 3.5 L V6 18 8.5 141
Caravan SXT
Dodge Grand Ford Focus SES 2010-2011 4 AT 132 2.0 L 4 26 10.1 137
Caravan 2011-2019 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 17 8.1 141
Ford Focus SES 2010-2011 5 MT 132 2.0 L 4 29 9.0 137
Dodge Journey SXT 2010 6 AT 235 3.5 L V6 16 8.8 139
Ford Focus SE 2012-2015 seq 6 160 2.0 L 4 28 9.2 141
Dodge Journey Lux 2011-2019 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 16 8.1 139
Ford Focus SE 2016-2018 seq 6 160 2.0 L 4 29 9.8 128
Dodge Nitro SLT 2010-2011 4 AT 210 3.7 L V6 16 9.1 142
Ford Focus SE (1.0T) 2016-2018 6 AT 123 1.0 L 3 T 29 11.0 128
Dodge Ram 1500 2010-2011 5 AT 390 5.7 L V8 14 7.6 137
SLT Ford Focus SE SFE 2012-2014 seq 6 159 2.0 L 4 31 8.5 129
Dodge Ram 2500 6.7 L 6 Ford Focus SEL 2012-2015 seq 6 160 2.0 L 4 28 9.3 137
Laramie 2010-2012 6 AT 350 TD 13 9.6 149 hatch.

Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Ford Focus Electric 2012-2018 1D 143 electric 107* 10.2 140 Honda Civic Si 2017-2019 6 MT 205 1.5 L 4 T 34 7.3 131
Ford Focus ST 2013-2018 6 MT 252 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.6 122 Honda Crosstour 2010-2012 5 AT 271 3.5 L V6 20 7.4 139
EX-L
Ford Fusion (AWD) 2010-2012 6 AT 240 3.0 L V6 20 8.6 143
Honda Crosstour 2013-2015 6 AT 278 3.5 L V6 21 7.0 143
Ford Fusion (FWD) 2010-2012 6 AT 240 3.0 L V6 22 7.8 143 EX-L
Ford Fusion SE 2010-2012 6 AT 175 2.5 L 4 24 9.6 141 Honda CR-V EX 2010-2011 5 AT 180 2.4 L 4 21 9.1 130
Ford Fusion SE Honda CR-V EX 2012-2014 5 AT 185 2.4 L 4 23 9.2 128
(1.6T) 2013 6 AT 173 1.6 L 4 T 25 8.9 129
Honda CR-V EX 2015-2016 CVT 185 2.4 L 4 24 9.0 134
Ford Fusion SE 2014-2019 6 AT 181 1.5 L 4 T 24 9.2 125
(1.5T) Honda CR-V EX-T 2017-2019 CVT 190 1.5 L 4 T 28 8.2 137
Ford Fusion 2013-2019 6 AT 231 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.4 130 Honda CR-V LX 2017-2019 CVT 184 2.4 L 4 27 8.6 133
Titanium
Honda CR-Z EX 2011-2015 6 MT 122 1.5 L 4 35 9.3 139
Ford Fusion Hybrid 2010-2012 CVT 191 2.5 L 4 34 8.9 142
Honda Element EX 2010-2011 5 AT 166 2.4 L 4 21 10.4 140
Ford Fusion Hybrid 2013-2019 CVT 188 2.0 L 4 39 8.3 140
Ford Mustang Prem. 2011-2014 6 MT 305 3.7 L V6 24 6.2 134 Honda Fit (base) 2010-2013 5 AT 118 1.5 L 4 30 10.7 132
Ford Mustang GT Honda Fit Sport 2010-2013 5 MT 118 1.5 L 4 33 9.2 136
Prem. 2010 5 MT 315 4.6 L V8 20 5.7 135
Honda Fit EX 2015-2019 CVT 130 1.5 L 4 33 10.0 132
Ford Mustang GT
Prem. conv. 2011-2014 6 AT 402 5.0 L V8 23 5.5 134 Honda HR-V LX 2016-2019 CVT 141 1.8 L 4 29 10.5 132
Ford Mustang GT 2011-2014 6 MT 402 5.0 L V8 22 5.1 129 Honda Insight EX 2010-2014 CVT 98 1.3 L 4 38 11.8 136
Prem.
Ford Mustang GT Honda Insight EX 2019 CVT 151 1.5 L 4 54 8.7 136
Prem. 2015-2019 6 MT 435 5.0 L V8 19 4.9 121
Honda Odyssey EX 2010 5 AT 255 3.5 L V6 19 8.6 136
Ford Mustang 2015-2019 6 AT 310 2.3 L 4 T 25 6.4 125
(2.3 T) Honda Odyssey 2011-2013 5 AT 248 3.5 L V6 19 8.7 143
EX-L
Ford Ranger Sport 2010-2011 5 AT 207 4.0 L V6 16 9.2 151 Honda Odyssey 2014-2017 6 AT 248 3.5 L V6 21 8.4 136
Ford Ranger 2019 10 AT 270 2.3 L 4 T 20 7.4 143 EX-L
Honda Odyssey 2018-2019 9 AT 280 3.5 L V6 22 8.1 136
Ford Taurus Limited 2010-2012 6 AT 263 3.5 L V6 19 7.9 139 EX-L
Ford Taurus Limited 2013-2019 6 AT 288 3.5 L V6 21 7.2 135 Honda Passport 2019 9 AT 280 3.5 L V6 21 6.4 135
EX-L
Ford Transit
Connect XLT 2014-2018 6 AT 169 2.5 L 4 21 10.9 132 Honda Pilot EX-L 2010-2011 5 AT 250 3.5 L V6 18 9.1 149
Genesis G70 (AWD) 2019 8 AT 252 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.8 137 Honda Pilot EX-L 2012-2015 5 AT 250 3.5 L V6 18 9.0 144
Genesis G80 3.8 2017-2019 8 AT 311 3.8 L V6 20 7.2 129 Honda Pilot EX-L 2016-2019 6 AT 280 3.5 L V6 20 7.5 136
Genesis G90 (3.3T) 2017-2019 8 AT 365 3.3 L 18 6.0 130 Honda Ridgeline
V6 T RTS 2010-2014 5 AT 247 3.5 L V6 15 8.6 149
GMC Acadia Denali 2017-2019 6 AT 310 3.6 L V6 19 6.8 130 Honda Ridgeline 2017-2019 6 AT 280 3.5 L V6 20 7.3 134
RTL
GMC Terrain SLE 2018-2019 9 AT 252 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.2 128
Hyundai Accent GLS 2010-2011 4 AT 110 1.6 L 4 28 12.5 134
Honda Accord 2014-2015 1D 196 2.0 L 4 40 7.7 137
Hybrid Hyundai Accent 2012-2017 6 AT 138 1.6 L 4 31 10.3 134
GLS
Honda Accord 2018-2019 CVT 212 2.0 L 4 47 7.4 139
Hybrid Hyundai Accent SEL 2018-2019 6 AT 130 1.6 L 4 33 9.9 128
Honda Accord EX-L 2010-2012 5 AT 268 3.5 L V6 21 7.4 137 Hyundai Accent GS
hatch. 2010-2011 5 MT 110 1.6 L 4 30 9.5 153
Honda Accord EX-L 2013-2017 6 AT 278 3.5 L V6 26 6.3 139
Hyundai Accent SE 2012-2016 6 MT 138 1.6 L 4 32 8.5 136
Honda Accord LX-P 2010 5 AT 177 2.4 L 4 23 9.8 140 hatch.
Honda Accord LX-P 2010 5 MT 177 2.4 L 4 26 8.4 140 Hyundai Azera 2010-2011 5 AT 263 3.8 L V6 20 7.2 140
Limited
Honda Accord LX-P 2011-2012 5 AT 177 2.4 L 4 25 9.2 145 Hyundai Azera 3.3L 2012-2017 6 AT 293 3.3 L V6 23 7.2 132
Honda Accord LX 2013-2017 CVT 185 2.4 L 4 30 7.7 136 Hyundai Elantra
GLS 2010 4 AT 138 2.0 L 4 27 10.4 138
1.5 L
Honda Accord EX 2018-2019 CVT 192 4T 31 7.7 135
Hyundai Elantra SE 2010 4 AT 132 2.0 L 4 27 10.4 125
Honda Civic EX 2010-2011 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 28 10.1 136 Hyundai Elantra
GLS 2011-2016 6 AT 148 1.8 L 4 29 9.5 136
Honda Civic EX 2010-2011 5 MT 140 1.8 L 4 31 8.6 136
Hyundai Elantra SEL 2017-2019 6 AT 147 2.0 L 4 33 9.9 133
Honda Civic EX 2012 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 29 10.1 137
Hyundai Elantra 2010-2012 4 AT 138 2.0 L 4 26 10.6 127
Honda Civic EX 2013 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 29 9.7 136 Touring
Honda Civic EX 2014-2015 CVT 143 1.8 L 4 30 9.6 128 Hyundai Elantra GT 2013-2015 6 AT 148 1.8 L 4 27 9.8 134
Honda Civic EX-T 2016-2019 CVT 174 1.5 L 4 T 31 7.1 129 Hyundai Elantra GT 2018-2019 6 AT 161 2.0 L 4 28 8.7 127
Honda Civic HF 2012-2013 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 33 9.7 145 Hyundai Equus 2011 6 AT 385 4.6 L V8 19 6.5 140
Signature
Honda Civic Hybrid 2010-2011 CVT 110 1.3 L 4 37 11.7 137
Hyundai Genesis 2010-2011 6 MT 306 3.8 L V6 23 6.2 138
Honda Civic Hybrid 2012-2015 CVT 110 1.5 L 4 40 10.9 145 Coupe Gr. Tour.
Honda Civic LX 2012-2013 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 30 9.9 143 Hyundai Genesis 2010-2011 6 AT 378 4.6 L V8 20 6.2 136
(sedan)
Honda Civic LX 2016-2019 CVT 158 2.0 L 4 32 8.7 129 Hyundai Genesis
(sedan) 2010-2011 6 AT 290 3.8 L V6 21 6.3 125
Honda Civic Si 2010-2011 6 MT 197 2.0 L 4 27 7.0 132
Hyundai Genesis 2012-2014 8 AT 333 3.8 L V6 22 6.4 135
Honda Civic Si 2012-2015 6 MT 201 2.4 L 4 29 7.1 139 (sedan)

Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Hyundai Genesis 2015-2016 8 AT 311 3.8 L V6 20 7.2 129 Jaguar XF Luxury 2010 6 AT 300 4.2 L V8 20 6.4 133
(AWD) (V8)
Hyundai Ioniq SEL 2017-2019 seq 6 139 1.6 L 4 52 9.9 144 Jaguar XF 3.0 2013-2015 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 21 5.7 130
(AWD) SC
Hyundai Kona SEL 2018-2019 6 AT 147 2.0 L 4 26 11.1 129
Jaguar XF 3.0 2016-2019 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 21 5.8 128
Hyundai Santa (AWD) SC
Fe GLS 2010-2012 6 AT 175 2.4 L 4 20 10.7 134
Jaguar XJL 2011-2019 6 AT 385 5.0 L V8 19 5.5 138
Hyundai Santa Fe 2010-2012 6 AT 276 3.5 L V6 20 7.9 133
Limited Jeep Cherokee
Latitude 2014-2018 9 AT 184 2.4 L 4 22 10.9 138
Hyundai Santa Fe 2013-2018 6 AT 290 3.3 L V6 20 7.6 133
GLS Jeep Cherokee 2014-2018 9 AT 271 3.2 L V6 21 7.7 133
Limited
Hyundai Santa Fe 2019 8 AT 235 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.7 136
Limited Jeep Cherokee 2019 9 AT 270 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.5 129
Limited
Hyundai Santa Fe 2013-2018 6 AT 190 2.4 L 4 23 9.7 132
Sport Jeep Compass 2010 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 22 10.1 143
Sport
Hyundai Sonata 2010 5 AT 175 2.4 L 4 26 9.8 137
GLS Jeep Compass 2011-2013 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 22 10.3 145
Latitude
Hyundai Sonata
Limited 2010 5 AT 249 3.3 L V6 22 7.4 133 Jeep Compass 2017-2019 9 AT 180 2.4 L 4 24 9.8 137
Latitude
Hyundai Sonata 2011-2014 6 AT 198 2.4 L 4 27 8.2 134
GLS Jeep Grand 2010 5 AT 305 4.7 L V8 15 7.6 139
Cherokee Laredo
Hyundai Sonata 2011-2014 6 AT 274 2.0 L 4 T 25 6.6 136
Limited Jeep Grand 2011-2013 5 AT 360 5.7 L V8 14 7.9 138
Cherokee Ltd.
Hyundai Sonata SE 2015-2017 6 AT 185 2.4 L 4 28 9.2 139
Jeep Grand 2011-2013 5 AT 290 3.6 L V6 18 9.1 139
Hyundai Sonata Cherokee Laredo
SEL 2018-2019 6 AT 185 2.4 L 4 28 8.3 129
Jeep Grand 2014-2019 8 AT 290 3.6 L V6 18 8.0 134
Hyundai Sonata Cherokee Ltd
Hybrid 2011-2015 6 AT 206 2.0 L 4 33 9.1 148
Jeep Grand 2014-2019 8 AT 240 3.0 L V6 24 8.6 132
Hyundai Sonata Cherokee Ltd TD
Hybrid 2016-2019 6 AT 193 2.0 L 4 39 8.2 140
Jeep Liberty Sport 2010-2012 4 AT 210 3.7 L V6 16 9.2 150
Hyundai Tucson 2010-2015 6 AT 170 2.4 L 4 22 9.7 129
GLS Jeep Patriot Sport 2010 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 22 9.6 142
Hyundai Tucson SEL 2019 6 AT 181 2.4 L 4 22 9.6 130 Jeep Patriot
Latitude 2011-2013 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 21 10.3 141
Hyundai Tucson SE 2016-2019 6 AT 164 2.0 L 4 24 11.0 129
Jeep Renegade (2.4) 2015-2019 9 AT 180 2.4 L 4 24 9.9 130
Hyundai Tucson 2016-2018 seq 7 175 1.6 L 4 T 26 8.4 128
(1.6T) Jeep Wrangler
Unltd Sahara 2010-2011 4 AT 205 3.8 L V6 15 10.7 150
Hyundai Veloster 2012-2017 6 MT 138 1.6 L 4 31 9.2 131 Jeep Wrangler
Hyundai Veloster
Turbo R-Spec 2019 6 MT 201 1.6 L 4 T 29 7.0 119
Jeep Wrangler
Hyundai Veracruz 2010-2012 6 AT 260 3.8 L V6 17 8.6 138
SE Kia Cadenza 2014-2016 6 AT 293 3.3 L V6 22 7.2 132
Infiniti EX Journey 2010 5 AT 297 3.5 L V6 18 6.7 130 Kia Cadenza 2017-2019 8 AT 290 3.3 L V6 24 7.0 127
Infiniti FX35 2010-2012 7 AT 303 3.5 L V6 18 6.8 133 Premium
Infiniti G25 Journey 2011-2012 7 AT 218 2.5 L V6 24 8.5 133 Kia Forte EX hatch. 2011-2013 6 AT 156 2.0 L 4 26 9.8 141
Kia Forte Koup SX 2010-2013 6 MT 173 2.4 L 4 27 7.6 128
Infiniti G37 conv. 2010-2014 7 AT 325 3.7 L V6 20 6.0 135
Kia Forte EX 2010 4 AT 156 2.0 L 4 28 10.3 137
Infiniti G37 Journey 2010-2014 7 AT 328 3.7 L V6 21 5.6 126
Kia Forte LX 2014-2016 6 AT 148 1.8 L 4 28 10.1 128
Infiniti JX 2013 CVT 265 3.5 L V6 19 8.3 137
Kia Forte LX 2017-2018 6 AT 147 2.0 L 4 33 10.1 128
Infiniti M35 2010 5 AT 275 3.5 L V6 19 6.9 128
Kia Forte LXS 2019 CVT 147 2.0 L 4 34 8.3 131
Infiniti M35 X 2010 5 AT 280 3.5 L V6 18 7.0 122
Kia Niro EX 2017-2019 seq 6 139 1.6 L 4 43 9.9 143
Infiniti M37 2011-2013 7 AT 330 3.7 L V6 21 5.8 128
Kia Optima EX 2010 5 AT 194 2.7 L V6 22 9.1 139
Infiniti M35h 2012-2013 7 AT 360 3.5 L V6 25 5.6 131
Kia Optima LX 2010 5 AT 175 2.4 L 4 25 9.2 134
Infiniti Q70 2014-2019 7 AT 330 3.7 L V6 21 5.8 128
Kia Optima LX 2011-2015 6 AT 200 2.4 L 4 25 8.6 143
Infiniti Q70 Hybrid 2014-2018 7 AT 360 3.5 L V6 25 5.6 131
Infiniti Q50 Premium Kia Optima SX 2011-2015 6 AT 274 2.0 L 4 T 24 6.6 142
(AWD) 2014-2015 7 AT 328 3.7 L V6 21 5.6 126
Kia Optima EX 2016-2019 6 AT 185 2.4 L 4 28 8.0 130
Infiniti Q50 3.0t 2016-2019 7 AT 300 3.0 L 22 5.7 126
Prem. (AWD) V6 T Kia Rio LX 2010-2011 4 AT 110 1.6 L 4 28 12.8 132
Infiniti QX30 Kia Rio EX 2012-2017 6 AT 138 1.6 L 4 30 9.5 138
Premium 2017-2019 seq 7 208 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.1 122
Kia Rio S 2018-2019 6 AT 130 1.6 L 4 33 9.6 131
Infiniti QX50 2019 CVT 268 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.2 129
Kia Rio5 SX hatch. 2010-2011 5 MT 110 1.6 L 4 30 10.0 152
Infiniti QX56 2011-2013 7 AT 400 5.6 L V8 15 6.9 139
Kia Rio EX hatch. 2012-2016 6 AT 138 1.6 L 4 29 9.9 136
Infiniti QX60 2014-2019 CVT 265 3.5 L V6 19 8.3 137
Kia Sedona EX 2010 5 AT 244 3.8 L V6 17 9.0 141
Infiniti QX80 2014-2019 7 AT 400 5.6 L V8 15 6.9 139
Kia Sedona EX 2011-2012 6 AT 271 3.5 L V6 18 8.3 144
Jaguar E-Pace S 2018-2019 9 AT 246 2.0 L 4 T 21 7.9 129
Kia Sedona EX 2015-2019 6 AT 276 3.3 L V6 20 8.0 133
Jaguar XE (AWD) 2018-2019 8 AT 247 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.7 133
Kia Sorento EX 2011-2013 6 AT 276 3.5 L V6 20 7.6 136
Jaguar F-Pace 2017-2019 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 20 6.0 129
Prestige SC Kia Sorento LX 2011 6 AT 175 2.4 L 4 20 10.3 140

Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Kia Sorento LX 2012-2013 6 AT 191 2.4 L 4 20 10.4 136 Lincoln MKX (2.7T) 2016-2018 6 AT 335 2.7 L 18 7.2 128
V6 T
Lincoln MKZ 2010-2012 6 AT 263 3.5 L V6 20 7.3 142
Lincoln MKZ (2.0T) 2013-2019 6 AT 231 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.4 124
Kia Sorento EX 2019 8 AT 290 3.3 L V6 22 8.1 137
Lincoln MKZ Hybrid 2013-2019 CVT 188 2.0 L 4 34 9.2 129
Kia Soul Plus 2010-2011 4 AT 142 2.0 L 4 25 9.8 135
Lincoln Nautilus 2019 8 AT 335 2.7 L 18 7.2 128
Kia Soul Plus 2012-2013 6 AT 164 2.0 L 4 26 8.6 149 (2.7T) V6 T
Kia Soul Plus 2014-2019 6 AT 164 2.0 L 4 26 8.8 127 Lincoln Navigator 2010-2014 6 AT 300 5.4 L V8 13 8.8 149
Ultimate
Kia Sportage EX 2010 4 AT 173 2.7 L V6 18 11.3 148 Lincoln Navigator 3.5 L
(3.5T) 2015-2017 6 AT 380 V6 T 15 7.0 136
Kia Sportage LX 2011-2016 6 AT 176 2.4 L 4 22 10.3 137
Lincoln Navigator 3.5 L
Kia Sportage SX 2012-2016 6 AT 260 2.0 L 4 T 21 7.1 135 (3.5T) 2018-2019 10 AT 411 V6 T 16 6.2 144
Kia Sportage LX 2017-2019 6 AT 181 2.4 L 4 23 9.6 128 Lincoln Town Car 2010 4 AT 239 4.6 L V8 17 8.7 143
Signature
Land Rover 2017-2019 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 17 7.3 138
Discovery HSE SC Maserati Ghibli 2014-2019 8 AT 404 3.0 L 19 5.4 115
S Q4 V6 T
Land Rover
Discovery Sport 2015-2019 9 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.6 136 Mazda2 Sport 2011-2014 5 MT 100 1.5 L 4 33 10.3 137
Land Rover LR2 SE 2010-2013 6 AT 230 3.2 L 6 18 9.1 128 Mazda2 Touring 2011-2014 4 AT 100 1.5 L 4 30 11.1 138
Land Rover LR4 2010-2013 6 AT 375 5.0 L V8 15 7.1 129 Mazda3 s Sport 2010-2013 5 AT 167 2.5 L 4 25 8.3 132
Range Rover Sport 2014-2019 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 18 6.5 137 Mazda3 i Touring 2010-2013 5 AT 148 2.0 L 4 28 9.4 145
HSE SC
3.0 L V6 Mazda3 i Touring 2010-2013 5 MT 148 2.0 L 4 30 8.6 145
Range Rover HSE 2014-2019 8 AT 340 SC 17 6.7 137
Mazda3 i Touring 2012-2013 6 AT 155 2.0 L 4 32 9.1 139
Range Rover Velar S 2018-2019 8 AT 247 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.4 130 Mazda3 i Touring 2014-2018 6 AT 155 2.0 L 4 33 8.3 133
Lexus CT 200h 2011-2017 CVT 134 1.8 L 4 40 11.0 133 Mazda3 i Gr. Tour. 2014-2018 6 MT 155 2.0 L 4 32 8.2 133
Lexus ES 350 2010-2012 6 AT 272 3.5 L V6 23 6.4 131 Mazda 3 Select 2019 6 AT 186 2.5 L 4 30 7.7 125
Lexus ES 350 2013-2018 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 25 6.7 139 Mazdaspeed3 Sport 2010-2013 6 MT 263 2.3 L 4 T 26 6.4 128
Lexus ES 350 2019 8 AT 302 3.5 L V6 25 6.9 132 Mazda5 Gr. Tour. 2010 5 AT 153 2.3 L 4 24 10.0 130
Lexus ES 300h 2013-2018 CVT 200 2.5 L 4 36 8.2 140 Mazda5 Gr. Tour. 2012-2015 5 AT 157 2.5 L 4 23 9.6 139
Lexus GS 450h 2010-2011 CVT 340 3.5 L V6 23 5.9 136 Mazda6 i Sport 2010-2013 5 AT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.0 139
Lexus GS 350 2013-2019 6 AT 306 3.5 L V6 21 6.2 137 Mazda6 s Gr. Tour. 2010-2013 6 AT 272 3.7 L V6 20 6.8 133
Lexus GX 460 2010-2019 6 AT 301 4.6 L V8 17 7.5 136 Mazda6 Sport 2014-2017 6 AT 184 2.5 L 4 32 7.5 132
Lexus HS 250h 2010-2012 CVT 187 2.4 L 4 31 8.9 132 Mazda6 Touring 2018-2019 6 AT 187 2.5 L 4 28 9.2 133
Lexus IS 250 conv. 2010-2013 6 AT 204 2.5 L V6 23 8.1 129 Mazda CX-3 2016-2019 6 AT 146 2.0 L 4 28 9.6 135
Lexus IS 250 2010-2013 6 AT 204 2.5 L V6 24 7.7 131 Touring
Mazda CX-5
Lexus IS 250 (AWD) 2014-2015 6 AT 204 2.5 L V6 21 8.7 138 Touring 2013-2014 6 AT 155 2.0 L 4 25 10.0 133
Lexus IS 300 (AWD) 2016-2019 6 AT 255 3.5 L V6 20 6.5 139 Mazda CX-5 2014-2016 6 AT 184 2.5 L 4 25 8.0 133
Touring
Lexus LS 460L 2010-2017 8 AT 380 4.6 L V8 21 6.2 140
Mazda CX-5 2017-2019 6 AT 187 2.5 L 4 24 8.6 133
3.5 L Touring
Lexus LS 500 (AWD) 2018-2019 10 AT 416 V6 T 20 6.0 136
Mazda CX-9
Gr. Tour. 2010-2015 6 AT 273 3.7 L V6 16 8.2 137
Lexus NX Hybrid 2015-2019 CVT 194 2.5 L 4 29 8.9 136
Lexus NX (2.0T) 2015-2019 6 AT 235 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.5 132 Mazda CX-9 Touring 2016-2019 6 AT 227 2.5 L 4 T 22 7.9 139
Lexus RX 350 2010-2015 6 AT 275 3.5 L V6 21 7.3 136 Mazda MX-5 Miata 2010-2015 6 MT 167 2.0 L 4 28 7.0 122
Gr. Tour.
Lexus RX 350 2016-2019 8 AT 295 3.5 L V6 22 7.5 139 Mazda MX-5 Miata
Club 2016-2019 6 MT 155 2.0 L 4 34 6.7 124
Lexus RX 350L 2018-2019 8 AT 295 3.5 L V6 20 7.7 136
Mercedes-Benz 2010-2011 7 AT 228 3.0 L V6 21 6.8 129
Lexus RX 450h 2010-2015 CVT 295 3.5 L V6 26 7.7 135 C300
Lexus RX 450h 2016-2019 CVT 308 3.5 L V6 29 7.5 138 Mercedes-Benz 2012-2014 7 AT 201 1.8 L 4 T 24 7.6 131
C250
Lexus SC 430 2010 6 AT 288 4.3 L V8 21 6.5 127
Mercedes-Benz 2015-2019 7 AT 241 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.8 136
Lexus UX 250h 2019 CVT 175 2.0 L 4 37 8.8 137 C300 (AWD)
Lincoln Continental 2.7 L Mercedes-Benz 2014-2019 seq 7 208 2.0 L 4 T 28 6.6 124
(2.7T) 2017-2019 6 AT 335 V6 T 20 6.6 127 CLA250
Lincoln MKC Mercedes-Benz
2015-2019 6 AT 285 2.3 L 4 T 19 7.8 125 E350 2010-2011 7 AT 268 3.5 L V6 19 6.8 139
Reserve (2.3T)
Lincoln MKS 2010 6 AT 273 3.7 L V6 20 7.4 137 Mercedes-Benz 2012-2016 7 AT 302 3.5 L V6 21 6.3 131
E350
Lincoln MKS (AWD) 2010-2012 6 AT 355 3.5 L 18 6.0 139 Mercedes-Benz 3.0 L V6
V6 T E350 BT 2011-2013 7 AT 210 TD 26 7.9 132
Lincoln MKS 2013-2016 6 AT 304 3.7 L V6 20 7.1 137 Mercedes-Benz 2.1 L 4
E250 BT (AWD) 2014-2016 7 AT 195 TD 30 8.3 131
Lincoln MKT (3.5T) 2010-2012 6 AT 355 3.5 L 18 6.4 137
V6 T Mercedes-Benz
E300 (AWD) 2017-2019 9 AT 241 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.1 128
Lincoln MKX 2010 6 AT 265 3.5 L V6 16 8.2 149
Lincoln MKX 2011-2015 6 AT 305 3.7 L V6 18 7.6 138 GL450

Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Mercedes-Benz 2010-2012 7 AT 210 3.0 L V6 19 9.8 137 Nissan Altima 2010-2012 CVT 270 3.5 L V6 24 6.5 128
GL BT TD 3.5 SR
Mercedes-Benz 2013-2016 7 AT 240 3.0 L V6 20 8.2 136 Nissan Altima 3.5 SL 2013-2018 CVT 270 3.5 L V6 24 6.3 133
GL BT TD
Nissan Altima SV 2019 CVT 188 2.5 L 4 31 7.6 131
Mercedes-Benz 2015-2019 seq 7 208 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.9 128
GLA250 Nissan Armada LE 2010-2011 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 13 7.2 132
Mercedes-Benz 2010-2012 7 AT 268 3.5 L V6 18 7.0 131 Nissan Armada
GLK350 Platinum 2012-2015 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 13 7.2 142
Mercedes-Benz 2013-2015 7 AT 302 3.5 L V6 21 6.1 130 Nissan Armada
GLK350 Platinum 2017-2019 7 AT 390 5.6 L V8 14 6.7 133
Mercedes-Benz 2016-2019 9 AT 241 2.0 L 4 T 22 6.8 132
GLC300 Nissan Cube 1.8 S 2010-2014 CVT 122 1.8 L 4 28 10.0 149
Mercedes-Benz Nissan Frontier LE 2010-2015 5 AT 261 4.0 L V6 15 7.9 142
ML350 2010-2011 7 AT 268 3.5 L V6 16 7.8 134
Nissan Juke SV 2011-2015 CVT 188 1.6 L 4 T 24 7.9 139
ML350 Nissan Kicks SV 2018-2019 CVT 125 1.6 L 4 32 10.5 137
Mercedes-Benz 2016-2019 7 AT 302 3.5 L V6 18 6.8 138 Nissan Leaf SL 2011-2017 1D 107 electric 106* 10.3 136
GLE350
Mercedes-Benz Nissan Leaf SL 2018-2019 1D 147 electric 112* 8.0 141
S550 2010-2011 7 AT 382 5.5 L V8 17 6.0 141
Nissan Leaf SL Plus 2019 1D 214 electric 104* 7.0 139
Mercedes-Benz 2014-2019 7 AT 449 4.7 L 18 5.1 128
S550 (AWD) V8 T Nissan Maxima
3.5 SV 2010-2014 CVT 290 3.5 L V6 22 6.2 128
Mercedes-Benz
SL550 2010-2012 7 AT 382 5.5 L V8 17 5.3 126 Nissan Maxima
Platinum 2016-2019 CVT 300 3.5 L V6 25 6.5 132
Mercedes-Benz 2012-2016 6 MT 201 1.8 L 4 T 26 7.0 115
SLK250 Nissan Murano SL 2010-2014 CVT 265 3.5 L V6 19 7.6 136
Mini Cooper (base) 2010-2013 6 MT 118 1.6 L 4 33 9.1 125 Nissan Murano SL 2015-2019 CVT 260 3.5 L V6 21 7.7 131
Mini Cooper (1.5T) 2014-2019 6 AT 134 1.5 L 3 T 31 8.3 133 Nissan Pathfinder 2010-2012 5 AT 270 4.0 L V6 15 8.0 143
LE
Mini Cooper S 2010-2013 6 MT 172 1.6 L 4 T 30 7.2 137 Nissan Pathfinder
SL 2013-2019 CVT 260 3.5 L V6 18 7.7 137
Mini Cooper S 2014-2019 6 MT 189 2.0 L 4 T 30 7.2 130
Nissan Quest SL 2011-2016 CVT 260 3.5 L V6 19 8.4 143
Mini Cooper S conv. 2010-2014 6 MT 172 1.6 L 4 T 30 7.5 128
Nissan Rogue SL 2010-2013 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 22 8.9 137
Mini Cooper 2010-2013 6 AT 118 1.6 L 4 29 10.5 128
Clubman (base) Nissan Rogue SV 2014-2019 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.5 134
Mini Cooper 2016-2019 6 AT 134 1.5 L 3 T 28 10.5 129 Nissan Rogue
Clubman (1.5T) Sport SV 2017-2019 CVT 141 2.0 L 4 26 10.3 134
Mini Cooper 2011-2016 6 AT 184 1.6 L 4 T 26 8.3 135 Nissan Sentra SE-R
Countryman S Spec V 2010-2012 6 MT 200 2.5 L 4 30 7.3 139
Mini Cooper 2017-2019 8 AT 189 2.0 L 4 T 25 8.3 120
Countryman S Nissan Sentra SL 2010-2012 CVT 140 2.0 L 4 27 9.7 135
Mitsubishi Eclipse Nissan Sentra SV 2013-2015 CVT 130 1.8 L 4 29 9.7 129
GS 2010-2012 5 MT 162 2.4 L 4 23 9.3 139
Nissan Sentra SV 2016-2019 CVT 124 1.8 L 4 31 10.4 129
Mitsubishi Eclipse 2010-2012 5 AT 260 3.8 L V6 19 6.8 135
GT conv. Nissan Titan SE 2010-2011 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 13 7.3 139
Mitsubishi Eclipse 2018-2019 CVT 152 1.5 L 4 T 24 9.9 132 Nissan Titan SV 2012-2015 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 14 7.2 142
Cross SE
Mitsubishi Endeavor Nissan Titan SV 2017-2019 7 AT 390 5.6 L V8 16 6.7 131
2010-2011 4 AT 215 3.8 L V6 17 8.2 137
XLS 5.0 L V8
Nissan Titan XD SV 2016-2019 6 AT 310 TD 15 10.6 147
Mitsubishi Galant ES 2010-2012 4 AT 160 2.4 L 4 23 9.1 139
Nissan 370Z Tour. 2010-2019 6 MT 332 3.7 L V6 23 5.3 120
Mitsubishi i-MiEV SE 2012-2017 1D 63 electric 111* 14.7 132 coupe
Mitsubishi Lancer ES 2010-2017 CVT 152 2.0 L 4 25 9.8 144 Nissan Versa SL
hatch. 2010-2012 CVT 122 1.8 L 4 28 10.1 145
Mitsubishi Lancer 2010-2015 5 MT 291 2.0 L 4 T 21 5.8 126
Evo GSR Nissan Versa Note 2014-2018 CVT 109 1.6 L 4 31 10.9 135
SV
Mitsubishi Lancer
Ralliart 2010-2015 seq 6 237 2.0 L 4 T 20 6.5 133 Nissan Versa S
sedan 2010-2011 4 AT 122 1.8 L 4 27 10.3 137
Mitsubishi Mirage 2014-2019 CVT 74 1.2 L 3 37 12.1 138
ES Nissan Versa SV 2012-2019 CVT 109 1.6 L 4 32 10.6 140
sedan
Mitsubishi 2010-2013 6 AT 220 3.0 L V6 19 8.3 132
Outlander XLS Nissan Xterra S 2010-2016 5 AT 261 4.0 L V6 17 7.7 135
Mitsubishi 2010-2013 CVT 168 2.4 L 4 22 10.1 137 Pontiac Vibe (base) 2010 4 AT 132 1.8 L 4 29 10.1 139
Outlander LS
Porsche 911
Mitsubishi Carrera S 2010-2012 6 MT 355 3.8 L 6 20 4.4 113
Outlander SE 2014-2015 CVT 166 2.4 L 4 23 10.8 130
Porsche 911 2014-2019 7 MT 400 3.8 L 6 23 4.1 108
Mitsubishi 2016-2019 CVT 166 2.4 L 4 24 10.0 132 Carrera S
Outlander SEL
Porsche Boxster
Mitsubishi (base) 2010-2012 5 MT 240 2.7 L 6 22 6.5 112
Outlander Sport SE 2011-2015 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 23 9.6 137
Porsche Boxster 2013-2016 6 MT 265 2.7 L 6 23 6.1 112
Nissan Altima 2.5 S 2010-2012 CVT 175 2.5 L 4 26 8.3 129 (base)
Nissan Altima 2.5 S 2013-2015 CVT 182 2.5 L 4 31 8.2 140 Porsche 718 Boxster 2017-2019 seq 7 300 2.0 L 4 T 26 4.4 108
(base)
Nissan Altima 2016-2018 CVT 179 2.5 L 4 29 8.4 135
2.5 SV Porsche Cayenne S 2010 6 AT 385 4.8 L V8 15 7.0 142
Nissan Altima Porsche Cayenne
2010-2011 CVT 198 2.5 L 4 32 7.6 136 (base) 2011-2018 8 AT 300 3.6 L V6 19 7.8 134
Hybrid

Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Porsche Cayenne 2019 8 AT 335 3.6 L 21 6.5 131 Subaru Legacy 2.5i 2010-2012 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 25 9.7 139
(base) V6 T Premium
Porsche Macan S 2015-2019 seq 7 340 3.0 L 19 6.4 130 Subaru Legacy 2010-2013 5 AT 256 3.6 L 6 22 7.2 132
V6 T 3.6R Ltd
Porsche 2010-2015 seq 7 400 4.8 L V8 20 5.5 116 Subaru Legacy 2.5i 2013-2014 CVT 173 2.5 L 4 26 9.1 139
Panamera S Premium
Ram 1500 Big Horn 2013-2018 8 AT 395 5.7 L V8 15 7.1 141 Subaru Legacy 2.5i 2015-2019 CVT 175 2.5 L 4 26 10.2 128
Premium
Ram 1500 Big Horn 2014-2018 8 AT 240 3.0 L V6 20 9.5 143
(diesel) TD Subaru Outback 2010-2012 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 24 10.7 136
2.5i Limited
Ram 1500 Big Horn 2019 8 AT 395 5.7 L V8 17 7.1 137 Subaru Outback 2013-2014 CVT 173 2.5 L 4 24 10.3 137
Ram 2500 Laramie 6.7 L 6 2.5i Limited
2016-2018 6 AT 370 14 8.9 152
(diesel) TD Subaru Outback
2.5i Premium 2015-2019 CVT 175 2.5 L 4 24 10.5 133
Saab 9-3 2.0T
sedan 2010-2011 5 AT 210 2.0 L 4 T 23 8.0 131
Subaru Outback 2015-2019 CVT 256 3.6 L 6 22 7.4 134
Saab 9-3 2.0T conv. 2010-2011 5 AT 210 2.0 L 4 T 24 8.2 132 3.6R Limited
Subaru XV Cross- 2014-2015 CVT 160 2.0 L 4 28 10.1 131
Saab 9-5 Turbo4 2011 6 AT 220 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.4 136 trek Hybrid
Scion FR-S 2013-2016 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 30 7.2 126 Subaru XV Crosstrek 2013-2015 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.7 130
Scion iA 2016 6 AT 106 1.5 L 4 35 10.3 139 Suzuki Grand Vitara 2010-2012 4 AT 166 2.4 L 4 19 11.0 137
Scion iM 2016 CVT 137 1.8 L4 31 10.0 133 Suzuki Kizashi SE 2010-2012 CVT 180 2.4 L 4 25 9.3 131
Scion iQ 2012-2015 CVT 94 1.3 L 4 34 10.6 139 Suzuki SX4 Tech. 2010-2012 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 24 10.3 129
(AWD)
Scion tC 2010 5 MT 160 2.4 L 4 26 8.8 136 Suzuki SX4 sedan
LE 2010-2011 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.7 137
Scion tC TRD 2010 5 MT 200 2.4 L 4 26 7.2 136
SC Tesla Model 3 Long
Range 2018-2019 1D 258 electric 130* 5.3 133
Scion tC 2011-2013 6 MT 180 2.5 L 4 28 8.8 139
Tesla Model S 2013-2015 1D 362 electric 84* 5.6 128
Scion tC 2014-2016 6 AT 179 2.5 L 4 27 8.6 134 (85 kWh)
Scion xB 2010-2015 4 AT 158 2.4 L 4 23 9.4 137 Tesla Model S P85D 2014-2017 1D 691 electric 87* 3.5 118
Scion xD 2010-2014 4 AT 128 1.8 L 4 29 9.7 136 Tesla Model S 75D 2016-2018 1D 328 electric 103* 5.1 129
Scion xD 2010-2014 5 MT 128 1.8 L 4 34 9.0 136 Tesla Model S 100D 2019 1D 517 electric 102* 5.1 129
Smart ForTwo 2010-2015 seq 5 71 1.0 L 3 39 14.6 139 Tesla Model X 90D 2016-2018 1D 417 electric 92* 4.9 127
Passion
Smart ForTwo Tesla Model X 100D 2019 1D 517 electric 87* 4.9 127
Passion 2016-2017 seq 6 89 0.9 L 3 T 36 11.2 132
Toyota 4Runner SR5 2010-2019 5 AT 270 4.0 L V6 18 7.7 131
Subaru BRZ 2013-2019 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 30 7.2 126
Premium Toyota 86 2017-2019 6 MT 205 2.0 L 4 30 7.2 126
Subaru Crosstrek 2016-2017 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.7 130 Toyota Avalon XLS 2010 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 24 7.1 140
Premium
Toyota Avalon 2011-2012 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 23 7.1 141
Subaru Crosstrek 2018-2019 CVT 152 2.0 L 4 29 10.2 125 Limited
Premium
Subaru Crosstrek 2019 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 33 9.0 129 Limited
Hybrid +E
Subaru Forester 2010-2013 4 AT 224 2.5 L 4 T 20 7.2 135 Limited
2.5XT Limited
Toyota Avalon 2013-2015 CVT 200 2.5 L 4 36 8.2 138
Subaru Forester Hybrid
2.5X 2010 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 22 10.4 134
Toyota Avalon
Subaru Forester Hybrid 2019 CVT 215 2.5 L 4 42 8.3 135
2.5X 2010 5 MT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.1 134
Toyota Camry 2010-2011 CVT 187 2.4 L 4 34 8.5 145
Subaru Forester 2011-2013 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 22 10.2 139 Hybrid
2.5X Premium
Subaru Forester 2.5i 2014-2018 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 26 8.7 127 Hybrid
Premium
Subaru Forester 2019 CVT 182 2.5 L 4 28 9.2 130 Hybrid LE
Premium
Subaru Impreza Toyota Camry LE 2010-2011 6 AT 169 2.5 L 4 26 9.4 142
Outback Sport 2010-2011 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 23 9.8 128
Toyota Camry LE 2012-2017 6 AT 173 2.5 L 4 27 8.4 130
Subaru Impreza 2012-2016 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.4 127
Sport Premium Toyota Camry LE 2018-2019 8 AT 203 2.5 L 4 32 8.0 126
Subaru Impreza 2.5i 2010-2011 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.5 135 Toyota Camry XLE 2010-2011 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 23 7.1 137
Subaru Impreza 2012-2016 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 27 9.2 129 Toyota Camry XLE 2012-2017 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 26 6.4 136
Premium
Subaru Impreza Toyota Corolla LE 2010-2013 4 AT 132 1.8 L 4 32 9.9 136
Premium 2017-2019 CVT 152 2.0 L 4 30 9.5 124
Toyota Corolla 2010-2013 5 MT 132 1.8 L 4 32 9.0 136
Subaru Tribeca (base)
Limited 2010-2015 5 AT 256 3.6 L 6 16 8.6 139
Toyota Corolla LE 2014-2019 CVT 132 1.8 L 4 32 9.9 138
Subaru Impreza Plus
WRX 2010-2014 5 MT 265 2.5 L 4 T 24 5.3 125
Toyota Corolla iM 2017-2018 CVT 137 1.8 L 4 31 10.0 133
Subaru Impreza
WRX Premium 2015-2019 6 MT 268 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.0 120 Toyota Corolla
Hatchback 2019 CVT 144 2.0 L 4 36 8.7 129
Subaru Impreza 2010-2014 6 MT 305 2.5 L 4 T 21 5.4 123
WRX STi Toyota C-HR XLE 2018-2019 CVT 144 2.0 L 4 29 11.2 131

Model- Model-
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s Overall
CR’s Overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Toyota Highlander 2010-2013 5 AT 270 3.5 L V6 18 8.0 139 VW Golf TDI 2010-2014 6 MT 140 2.0 L 4 38 9.4 132
Ltd TDI
Toyota Highlander 2014-2016 6 AT 270 3.5 L V6 20 7.5 134 VW Golf 2.5 2010-2014 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 24 8.6 131
XLE
Toyota Highlander VW Golf 1.8T 2015-2018 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 28 8.7 130
2017-2019 8 AT 295 3.5 L V6 22 7.4 134
XLE VW Golf Alltrack 2017-2019 seq 6 170 1.8 L 4 T 25 8.5 124
Toyota Highlander 2010 CVT 270 3.3 L V6 24 8.2 140
Hybrid VW Golf 2.0 L 4
SportWagen TDI 2015 seq 6 150 TDI 37 9.3 133
Toyota Highlander 2011-2013 CVT 280 3.5 L V6 27 7.6 140
Hybrid VW GTI 2010-2014 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 T 27 7.2 133
Toyota Highlander 2014-2019 CVT 280 3.5 L V6 25 8.3 138 VW GTI 2015-2017 6 MT 210 2.0 L 4 T 29 6.6 132
Hybrid
VW Jetta 2.5 2010 6 AT 150 2.5 L 5 24 9.4 140
Toyota Land Cruiser 2010-2019 6 AT 381 5.7 L V8 14 7.3 140
VW Jetta SE (2.5) 2011-2013 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 25 9.7 144
Toyota Matrix S 2010-2013 5 AT 158 2.4 L 4 27 8.3 132
VW Jetta SE (1.8T) 2014-2016 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 30 8.5 137
Toyota Prius 2010-2015 CVT 134 1.8 L 4 44 10.6 133
VW Jetta SE (1.4T) 2016-2018 seq 6 150 1.4 L 4 T 32 9.1 131
Toyota Prius 2016-2019 CVT 121 1.8 L 4 52 10.3 135
1.8 L 4 VW Jetta SE (1.4T) 2019 8 AT 147 1.4 L 4 T 34 9.0 135
Toyota Prius Plug-in 2012-2015 CVT 134 +E 47** 10.6 139
VW Jetta GLI (2.0T) 2012-2017 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 T 27 7.2 132
Toyota Prius Prime 2017-2019 CVT 121 1.8 L 4 69** 10.8 139
+E VW Jetta Hybrid SE 2013-2015 seq 7 170 1.4 L 4 37 8.1 138
Toyota Prius C Two 2012-2019 CVT 99 1.5 L 4 43 11.3 135 VW Jetta TDI 2010 seq 6 140 2.0 L 4 33 9.8 137
TDI
Toyota Prius V Three 2012-2017 CVT 134 1.8 L 4 41 10.7 138 2.0 L 4
VW Jetta TDI 2011-2014 seq 6 140 TDI 34 9.5 130
Toyota RAV4 2010-2012 5 AT 269 3.5 L V6 22 6.7 135
Limited 2.0 L 4
VW Jetta TDI 2015 seq 6 150 TDI 39 9.3 130
Toyota RAV4 (base) 2010-2012 4 AT 179 2.5 L 4 23 10.0 130
VW Jetta 2010-2014 6 MT 140 2.0 L 4 36 9.7 139
Toyota RAV4 XLE 2013-2015 6 AT 176 2.5 L 4 24 9.0 135 SportWagen TDI TDI
Toyota RAV4 XLE 2016-2018 6 AT 176 2.5 L 4 24 9.3 135 VW Jetta 2010-2014 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 23 9.3 137
SportWagen SE
Toyota RAV4 XLE 2019 8 AT 203 2.5 L 4 27 8.3 131 VW Passat 2.0T 2010 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.7 135
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2016-2018 CVT 194 2.5 L 4 31 8.7 136 VW Passat SE (2.5) 2012-2013 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 25 9.7 136
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2019 CVT 219 2.5 L 4 37 7.8 139 VW Passat SE (1.8T) 2014-2017 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 28 8.6 129
Toyota Sequoia 2010-2019 6 AT 381 5.7 L V8 15 7.1 146
Limited VW Passat (V6) 2012-2018 seq 6 280 3.6 L V6 23 6.8 132
Toyota Sienna LE 2011-2013 6 AT 187 2.7 L 4 20 10.3 134 2.0 L 4

VW Passat TDI SE 2012-2014 seq 6 140 TDI 37 9.8 132
Toyota Sienna XLE 2.0 L 4
(AWD) 2010 5 AT 266 3.5 L V6 18 7.7 138 VW Passat TDI SE 2015 seq 6 150 36 9.7 132
TDI
Toyota Sienna XLE 2011-2016 6 AT 266 3.5 L V6 19 8.5 139
(AWD) VW Routan SEL 2010 6 AT 251 4.0 L V6 16 8.6 147
Toyota Sienna XLE 2010 5 AT 266 3.5 L V6 19 7.8 138 VW Tiguan SEL 2010-2011 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 20 8.6 137
Toyota Sienna XLE 2011-2016 6 AT 266 3.5 L V6 20 8.8 134 VW Tiguan SEL 2012-2017 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.5 140
Toyota Sienna XLE 2017-2019 8 AT 296 3.5 L V6 21 7.7 137 VW Tiguan SE 2018-2019 8 AT 184 2.0 L 4 T 25 10.3 131
Toyota Tacoma VW Touareg 2 2010 6 AT 280 3.6 L V6 15 8.5 143
(base) 2010-2011 5 AT 239 4.0 L V6 17 7.6 131
VW Touareg TDI 2011-2015 8 AT 225 3.0 L V6 24 8.4 135
Toyota Tacoma TDI
(base) 2012-2015 5 AT 236 4.0 L V6 17 7.9 139
Volvo C30 T5 2010-2013 6 MT 227 2.5 L 5 T 25 7.2 143
Toyota Tacoma SR5 2016-2019 6 AT 278 3.5 L V6 19 8.2 146
Volvo C70 T5 2010-2013 5 AT 227 2.5 L 5 T 21 8.3 133
Toyota Tundra SR5 2010-2019 6 AT 381 5.7 L V8 15 6.7 153
Volvo S40 2.4i 2010-2011 5 AT 168 2.4 L 5 23 9.4 135
Toyota Venza V6 2010-2015 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 20 6.9 137
Volvo S60 T5 2012-2014 6 AT 250 2.5 L 5 T 23 6.7 134
Toyota Yaris 4-dr 2010-2011 4 AT 106 1.5 L 4 30 10.9 130
hatch. Volvo S60 T5 2015-2018 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.9 128
Drive-E
Toyota Yaris 4-dr 2012-2018 4 AT 106 1.5 L 4 32 10.8 137
hatch. Volvo S60 T5 2019 8 AT 250 2.0 L 4 T 26 7.3 125
Toyota Yaris sedan 2010-2011 4 AT 106 1.5 L 4 32 10.7 129 Volvo S80 2010-2013 6 AT 235 3.2 L 6 20 8.6 139
Toyota Yaris iA 2017-2018 6 AT 106 1.5 L 4 35 10.3 139 Volvo S90 T6 2017-2019 8 AT 316 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.2 130
Toyota Yaris (sedan) 2019 6 AT 106 1.5 L 4 35 10.3 139 Volvo V50 T5 2010-2011 5 AT 218 2.5 L 5 T 20 8.5 139
VW Atlas SEL 2018-2019 8 AT 276 3.6 L V6 20 8.7 135 Volvo V60 CC 2015-2018 6 AT 250 2.5 L 5 T 21 8.1 127
VW Arteon (AWD) 2019 8 AT 268 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.9 125 Volvo XC60 T6 2010-2017 6 AT 281 3.0 L 6 T 17 7.4 132
VW Beetle 2.5L 2012-2013 5 MT 170 2.5 L 5 26 8.6 131 Volvo XC60 T5 2018-2019 8 AT 250 2.0 L 4 T 23 8.0 124
VW Beetle 1.8T 2014-2018 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 27 8.4 136 Volvo XC70 2010-2015 6 AT 235 3.2 L 6 18 8.5 135
VW CC Luxury 2010-2012 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.7 131 Volvo XC90 2010-2011 6 AT 311 4.4 L V8 16 7.6 136
VW CC Sport 2013-2017 seq 6 200 2.0 L 4 T 26 7.5 133 Volvo XC90 2013-2014 6 AT 240 3.2 L 6 17 9.6 136
VW Eos Lux 2010-2016 seq 6 200 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.9 135 Volvo XC90 T6 2016-2019 8 AT 316 2.0 L 4 T 20 7.7 126

3
AVOID A
LEMON
Buyers who carefully inspect any car they’re considering
will be better able to steer clear of hidden problems.
Even a normally reliable vehicle can become

a problem if it’s not properly maintained.
Worse yet is one that has hidden damage
that can affect its performance, safety,
or reliability. That’s why it’s important to
thoroughly check out any vehicle you
intend to buy. In this chapter, we’ll tell you
how to size up a vehicle and perform a
preliminary inspection and test-drive.
Then we’ll explain how to check a vehicle’s
history, and discuss the pros and cons of
choosing a certified used car.
48
49
3 How to Avoid a Lemon
Ask the Right Questions mileage is nice, but it is no guarantee You want a car that has been well cared
When you’ve found a vehicle or two of gentle care. for. It should have had maintenance
you’re interested in—whether being sold “How is it equipped?” Whether performed at regular manufacturer-
by a dealership or privately—begin sizing they’re listed in the ad or not, ask about specified intervals. Be skeptical
up their condition and history over the key features: transmission type, if the owner claims to have done the
phone. You can make some copies of the electronic stability control, A/C, maintenance but can’t produce any
checklist on page 59 to help you keep audio system, cruise control, and power receipts. Ask for receipts for any new
notes of the conversation. Ask some windows, locks, seats, Bluetooth, rear- muffler, brakes, tires, or other parts
basic questions. The answers can help view camera, and navigation. Double- that have been replaced. Repair-shop
you determine whether it’s worth a checking the features could produce some receipts normally note the car’s odom-
trip to take a closer look, particularly telling comments. eter reading, helping you verify the
if you’re buying from a private party. “What’s the car’s condition?” Start car’s history.
Break the ice with soft questions broad and see where the seller takes it. “Has the car been recalled?” Ask
such as the car’s color, but get specific He or she could bring up something you if any safety-recall work was performed
about its condition, features, and his- wouldn’t have thought to ask about. or, more important, still needs to
tory. Any strange or far-fetched answers “How about the body and interior?” be done. Dealerships keep records of
should put you on guard. If these areas weren’t covered before, that. Note the mileage when work was
“How many miles does it have?” ask about them specifically. performed. To learn more about recalls
If the mileage is higher than 20,000 per “Has it been in an accident?” If yes, and technical service bulletins, turn
year or lower than 5,000, ask why. A ask about the extent of the damage, the to page 60 or visit CR.org/carrecalls.
high-mileage car used on a long highway cost of repairs, and the shop that did QUE S T I ONS F OR P R I VAT E SEL L ER S
commute is better than if it did a lot the work. Don’t worry too much about “Have you owned it since it was
of short trips or stop-and-go driving. minor scrapes, but think twice about new?” You want to be able to piece
Still, take any “these were all highway a car that has been in a serious crash. together the car’s service history. Be
miles” claim with a grain of salt. Low “Do you have service records?” wary about a car that has changed
buying. But first look If it doesn’t pull toward

for these telltale signs the car, there may
DON’T GET STUCK WITH in any car you are

considering, in order
be body filler under
the paint.
A PROBLEM VEHICLE to thin the herd:

The Close-Up
Crystal Clear Check
for moisture fogging in
Inspect each body the lights.
These steps can prevent buyer’s remorse. panel for scratches, Tread Lightly Make sure
dents, or rust. Look the tires have even
under windowsills treadwear. New tires
or fender edges for may hide problems.
masking-tape marks, Rust Bucket A coating
It’s every used-car vehicle history reports, salvaged, consumers indicating paintwork. of rust on bolts or
buyer’s nightmare: about 20 percent of never see it. This is why Straight & Narrow hinges inside the door-
getting a rebuilt wreck the vehicles on the it is important to see Uneven panel gaps jamb is a clue that
despite doing extensive road have some sort of the title before you buy by the fenders, doors, the car may have been
research. accident damage. a used car, and be hood, and trunk can submerged.
That’s because these CR has found that especially wary of any mean shoddy repair. Sniff Test A musty,
rebuilt wrecks are vehicle history reports car with a “lost” title. Blend Well Be sure the moldy smell in the
difficult to spot. Even can’t catch everything. One of the best paint color and finish interior or trunk
buying a model known Differing state laws ways to protect your- are uniform, and check could indicate water
for reliability is no governing salvage titles self from hidden inside doorjambs for damage.
guarantee that it won’t allow for big loop- problems is to hire dull-looking overspray. Inside the Tailpipe
have problems. holes. Often, even when your own mechanic to Attractive Personality Black, greasy residue
According to CarFax, a car’s title is con- inspect any car that Run a magnet along inside means that the
a service that provides spicuously labeled as you are serious about doors and fenders. engine is burning oil.

hands several times in a few years.
“Are you the person who drove it the CONDUCT A PRE-PURCHASE INSPECTION
most?” Ideally, you want to meet the
car’s principal driver, or drivers, to see Taking time to inspect a car before you
whether they strike you as responsible. buy it will reduce the chance you’ll end up
“Why are you selling the car?” Look
for a plausible explanation rather than stuck with a car that’s troublesome
an interesting story. If the answer sounds down the road.
evasive, be wary.
Inspect It Carefully
No matter who you buy from, always rubber seals for tearing or rot. Tires that have been driven while
look over the vehicle thoroughly and take Glass. Look carefully at the glass to overinflated tend to wear more in the
it to a mechanic for a complete inspec- make sure there are no cracks or middle than on the sides. Chronically
tion. Dress in old clothes and give the car large, pocked areas. A small stone chip underinflated tires show more wear
a good going-over. may not be cause for alarm, though on the sides. Cupped tires—those worn
Take along a friend for help. Do your in- you should bring it up in negotiations. unevenly along the tread’s circumfer-
spection in daylight on a dry day, because But cracks in the windshield will ence—may be a sign of a problem with
floodlights can make cars look shiny worsen and lead to a costly repair. the steering, suspension, or brakes.
and hide body defects. The car should be Suspension. Walk around the car Tires must have at least 1/16 inch of tread
parked on a level surface and shouldn’t to see whether it’s sitting level. Push to be legal. Check the tread depth with
have been driven for at least an hour down on each corner. If the shock ab- a tread-depth tool—available at auto-parts
before your inspection. The checklist on sorbers are in good shape, the car should stores—or a quarter. Insert the quarter
page 59 can help keep you organized rebound just once, not bounce up and into the tread groove, with Washington’s
and has room to note any problems. down. Grab the top of each front tire head down. If you can see the top of his
E X T ER I OR and tug it back and forth. If you feel head, the tire should be replaced.
Body condition. Check each panel play in it or hear a clunking sound, the Examine the sidewalls for scuffing,
and the roof, looking for scratches, dents, wheel bearings or suspension joints cracks, or bulges, and look for dents
and rust. Watch out for misaligned pan- may be shot. or cracks on each wheel. Be sure to check
els or large gaps, which can indicate Lights and lenses. Have a friend that the spare is in good shape and the
either sloppy assembly at the factory or confirm that all lights are working. proper jack and lug wrench are present.
shoddy repair. The paint color and finish Make sure all light lenses and reflectors IN T ER I OR
should be the same on every body panel. are intact and not cracked, fogged The inside of a car may matter most
If you think a dent may have been with moisture, or missing. because that’s where you’ll spend
patched, put a small magnet on it. The Tires. You can tell a lot from the the majority of the time you own the car.
magnet won’t stick to an area with tires. A car with less than, say, Odor. When you first open the
body filler. If other parts of the car have 20,000 miles should probably still have car door, sniff the interior. A musty,
been repainted, there may be paint its original tires. Be wary of a low- moldy, or mildewy smell could indicate
adhering to the rubber seals around mileage car with new tires, and check water leaks. Remove the floor mats
the hood and trunk lid. that all four tires are the same. If there and check for wet spots on the carpet.
Minor cosmetic flaws and light are different tires on the car, it may An acrid smell may indicate that the car
scratches are no cause for concern, be a clue that they have been replaced. was used by a smoker. Check the lighter
but rust is. Check the body for Treadwear should be even across the and ashtray for evidence. Some odors,
blistered paint or rust. Also inspect width of the tread, and the same on such as mold or smoke, can be very
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: SHUT TERSTOCK
the wheel wells, the panels beneath the tires on the left and right sides of the hard to get rid of. If you don’t like what
the doors, and the door bottoms. Bring car. Ask whether the tires have been you smell, find another car.
a flashlight to look inside the wheel regularly rotated. If not, the wear is usu- Seats. Try out all the seats, even if you
wells for rust. ally more severe on the drive wheels. probably won’t sit in the rear. Uphol-
Open and close each door, the hood, Aggressive drivers tend to put heavy stery shouldn’t be ripped or badly worn,
and the trunk. Gently lift and let go of wear on the outside shoulder of the particularly in a car with low mileage.
each door, particularly the driver’s door. front tires, at the edge of the sidewall. Try all the seat adjustments to make
If it seems loose on its hinges, the Assume the car has been driven hard sure they work properly and that you
car has seen hard or long use. Inspect if that area shows heavier wear. can find a good driving position.

Pedals. The rubber on the brake, cracked, or mushy. Feel the drive belts the air conditioner.
clutch, and gas pedals gives an indi- to determine whether they are frayed. Feel the tailpipe for residue. If
cation of use. A car with low miles Fluids. The owner’s manual will it’s black and greasy, it means burnt
shouldn’t show much wear. Pedal rub- point out where to look to check all fluid oil. Tailpipe smudge should be dry
ber that’s worn through in spots—or levels. Engine oil should be dark brown and dark gray. Though some rust is
brand new—indicates that the car has or black, but not gritty. If the oil is normal, heavy rust could mean the
been driven a lot. honey-colored, it was just changed. If vehicle needs a new exhaust system.
Instruments and controls. Turn on the dipstick has water droplets on If the vehicle is high enough to slide
the ignition switch without starting the it or shows gray or foamy oil, it could under, you may be able to do some
engine. You should make sure that all of indicate a cracked engine block or basic checks underneath. (If not, make
the warning lights—including the “check blown head gasket, two serious prob- sure your mechanic checks it.) Spread
engine” light—illuminate for a few seconds lems. Transmission fluid should be an old blanket on the ground and look
and go off when you start the engine. pinkish, not brown, and smell like oil, under the engine with a flashlight. If
Note whether the engine is hard to start with no “burnt” odor. The dipstick you see oil drips, oily leaks, or green or
when cold and if it idles smoothly. Then shouldn’t leave visible metal particles red fluid on the engine or the pavement
try out every switch, button, and lever. on the rag, another sign of a serious beneath the car, it’s not a good sign.
With the engine running, turn on problem. Check the automatic- On a front-wheel-drive car, examine
the heater full blast to see how hot it gets, transmission fluid with the engine the constant-velocity-joint boots, which
and how quickly. Switch on the air warmed up and running. On some are the round, black-rubber bellows
conditioning and make sure it quickly vehicles, the dipstick has two sets of at the ends of the axle shafts. If they
blows cold. marks for checking when the engine are
6% split and leaking grease, assume
Sound system. Check reception on is either cold or warm. Power-steering that the car has bad CV joints, another
0
AM, FM, and satellite radio. If it’s a car and brake fluids should be within costly repair.
that still has a CD player, try loading the safe zone. Structural components with kinks
and ejecting a disc. Bring along your Radiator. Look into the plastic reser- and large dents in the floor pan or fuel
smartphone or MP3 player and plug it voir that’s connected by a rubber hose tank all indicate a past accident. Weld-
in or pair it via Bluetooth. to the radiator. The coolant should be ing on the frame suggests that a section
Roof. Check the headliner and roof greenish or orange, not a milky or rusty might have been replaced or cut out to
trim for stains or sags to see whether color. Greenish stains on the outside of perform repair work. Fresh undercoat-
water is leaking through ill-fitting doors the radiator are a sure sign of leaks. ing may hide recent structural repairs.
or windows. If equipped with a sunroof Battery. Some “maintenance-free” EVs and hybrids. If you’re buying
or moonroof, check to see that it opens ones have a built-in charge indicator: an electric car, make sure the battery
and closes properly and seals well Green usually means the battery is is fully charged before a test-drive so
when shut. Inspect a convertible top for in good shape, and yellow or black usu- you can observe its projected range.
tears by shining a flashlight up into it. ally means it’s dying. These reveal the For hybrids, check the in-car display to
Trunk. Use your nose as well as your condition of just one cell and may not ensure the battery is charging and dis-
eyes. Sniff and look for signs of water give an accurate reading on the health charging while you drive.
entry. See whether the carpeting feels of the whole battery.
wet or smells musty, and check the If the battery has filler caps, wipe Visit Your Mechanic
spare-tire well for water or rust. off the top with a rag, then carefully pry Before you close the deal, have the
UNDER T HE HOOD off or unscrew the caps to look at the car scrutinized by a repair shop that
It’s best to make these checks with the liquid level. A low level may mean routinely does diagnostic work. A
engine cool. First inspect the general that the battery has been working too dealer should have no problem lending
condition of the engine bay. Dirt and hard. Any competent mechanic can you the car to have it inspected as long
dust are normal, but be wary if you check out the charging system and do as you leave identification. If a sales-
see oil splattered about or on the pave- a “load test” on the battery. person tells you that an independent
ment below. Also be on the lookout UNDER T HE V EHI CL E inspection is not necessary because
for a battery covered with corrosion, If you can find where the vehicle is the dealership has already done it,
or wires and hoses hanging loose. usually parked, look for marks from old insist on having your mechanic look
Hoses and belts. Squeeze the various puddles of gasoline, oil, coolant, or at it. If a private seller is reluctant to
rubber hoses running to the radiator, transmission fluid. Clear water that drips let you drive the car to a shop, offer
A/C, and other parts. The rubber should from under the car on a hot day is to follow the seller to the shop
be firm and supple, not rock-hard, probably just water condensed from where the inspection will take place.

WHAT GOES WRONG AS VEHICLES AGE
Problem rate percentages in 17 trouble areas over the last 10 years
Even the best cars develop problems as below, reveals trends among the 17 potential frequently cited problem in older models
they rack up miles. Parts wear, break trouble areas. We grouped the related issues (6- to 10-year-old cars) includes key-
down, and ultimately need replacement, and plotted the percentage of problem rates less entry, gauges, tire pressure monitors,
following the natural order for any car. over time, from 1-year-old vehicles all the wiper motor and washer, and body
But components wear at different rates. way up to 10-year-old ones. control modules.
Breaking out the data from our Annual Most categories cover multiple subsystems. Turn to the Vehicle Profiles, starting on page
Auto Survey, as highlighted in the charts For example, Power Equipment, the most 96, to see what each trouble spot includes.
Engine Brakes and Suspension Drivetrain
6% 6% 6%
Engine Major Brakes Drive System

5% 5% 5%
Engine Minor Suspension Transmission Minor
Engine Cooling Transmission Major
4% 4% 4%
3% 3% 3%
2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1%
0% 0% 0%
1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr
Fuel and Electrical In-Car Amenities Body, Paint, and Exhaust

6% 6% 6%
Climate System In-Car Electronics Exhaust

5% 5% 5%
Electrical System Power Equipment Body Hardware
Fuel System Noises and Leaks
4% 4% 4%
Paint/Trim
3% 3% 3%
2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1%
0% 0% 0%
1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr

A thorough diagnosis should cost expertise. The institute does not certify different personalities, and it’s impor-
around $100 to $150, but check the shops as a whole, but if 75 percent tant to find one that matches yours.
price in advance. Ask the mechanic for of the employees are ASE-certified, the Things that might seem insignificant
a written report detailing the car’s shop can carry the seal. now, such as the shape of the seats,
condition, noting any problems found could become major irritants later.
and the cost to repair them. You can The Effective Test-Drive Ride comfort. Is the ride soft, harsh,
then use the report when you begin to This is your chance to see how the or somewhere in between? Does the
negotiate with the seller. vehicle performs and whether you can suspension isolate you from the road, or
If you don’t know of any repair shops, detect any problems with its drivetrain, do you feel every bump and ripple?
try to get a referral. You can also ask for steering, suspension, brakes, or other Some suspensions feel comfortable over
the name of a good shop at a local important systems. bumps but tend to be floaty, jouncing up
auto-parts store. If you can’t get referrals, Drive all the vehicles that you’re and down a bit after a large bump.
look for a nationwide vehicle inspection considering on the same day so that you Look for a vehicle that feels tight and con-
service, such as SGS (sgs.com) or can compare them more easily. Try to trolled over bumps, but not harsh.
Carchex (carchex.com), or at the Car drive them as long as possible—at least Ride comfort is determined by a
Care Council (carcare.org), an organiza- 30 minutes—and over different types vehicle’s suspension, tires, and even its
tion supported by the auto aftermarket of road surfaces and in various driving seats, but it’s certainly one attribute
industry. Note that there are no perfor- conditions. Plan your own driving route measured by personal preference.
mance criteria for shops listed on the site. in advance. A salesperson or private Sporty cars, and even some sedans,
To check for complaints about any seller may suggest routes that hide or have a firm ride, a common trade-off
shops, research the companies at minimize problems. for sharp handling characteristics.
the Better Business Bureau’s website. Try to eliminate as many distractions This may not be for everyone. Some
Members of the American Automobile as possible. Many dealerships may insist buyers who excitedly bought a sporty
Association (AAA) can use one of its on sending someone along with you, car regretted it later because the stiff
recommended facilities. and a private seller will certainly want ride seemed to accentuate every little
If you’re visiting a shop for the first to be present. Because the last thing you bump in the road. To confirm your
time, look for certificates or window need is someone jabbering in your ear preference, drive several comparable
decals from AAA or the National Insti- while you’re trying to concentrate, have vehicles to evaluate the differences.
tute for Automotive Service Excellence a friend or relative engage in conversa- Be sure the ride you experience during
(ASE). AAA-certified garages must meet tion with the salesperson or seller. your test-drive is one you can tolerate
certain quality standards. The ASE Following are some of the major for as long as you own the car.
grants certificates to mechanics who things you should concentrate on Acceleration. Make sure that the
pass exams in any of eight areas of during your test-drive. All cars have engine provides adequate acceleration
Dealers tout them, and used car—much of within its warranty period,
buyers look for the label, that upcharge is due to you’ll be thankful you
CERTIFIED but is there an advantage

to a “certified preowned”
an included warranty
or service contract.
have that warranty. And
the dealer’s inspection
USED CARS vehicle? Or are they just

an expensive limited
Consumer Reports has
historically advised
of a car for certification
might sniff out recalls or
warranty? against paying extra on items that could become
Are they really worth the By definition, a an extended warranty— big problems later. The
price premium? “certified” used car is one one of the program’s main inspection should also
that has been vetted and selling points. address any recalls.
deemed to be in better Actuarial data shows Although CPO cars
operating condition than you might be better usually come with an
its peers. In reality, that’s served saving your cash ex-tended warranty,
not always the case. by using it for repairs on dealers may push buyers
Certified cars tend to a non-certified car. to-ward a service con-
cost thousands of dollars But if your CPO car has tract that covers routine
more than a typical a major repair covered maintenance, which can

when starting from a stop, and that you feedback through the steering wheel
can merge safely into highway traffic. about what the car is doing on the road.
Acceleration depends primarily on POPULARITY OF Some steering systems feel numb and
MANUFACTURER CERTIFIED
the engine power, but it is also closely PREOWNED VEHICLES disconnected from the road.
linked to the transmission. A great Sales have increased by one While driving slowly, turn the wheel
engine coupled with a mediocre trans- million units over 10 years a little right and left to make sure there’s
mission will deliver less-than-stellar not a big dead space in the center.
performance. Conversely, a fairly small Many vehicles have variable power
engine can appear much better in com- 1.69 million steering, which makes them feel one
bination with a modern, well-designed 2008 way on the highway and another at
manual or automatic transmission. slow speeds, like trying to maneuver
2.11 million
One of the real benefits of a test-drive into a tight parking space. You want the
2013
is to see whether you like the pow- steering to feel light at parking speeds,
ertrain. If so, that’s great; if not, now 2.7 million with a firmer and more communicative
is the time to change your selection or 2018
feel at cruising speeds.
keep looking. During your test-drives, An important note: You can’t test
SOURCE: Automotive News
be sure to try quick acceleration from a vehicle at its handling and braking
a stop, and a rolling merge into fast limits on a public road to see how
freeway traffic. driving straight ahead on the highway, it would respond in an emergency
Braking. Do the brakes feel respon- or does it need continual corrections? situation, such as trying to avoid
sive without being too jerky? Braking Does the car feel relaxed or too twitchy an accident.
is hard to evaluate thoroughly, but you to be comfortable? And does it stay For this, see our road-test reports
can do a basic assessment. Feel how relatively composed on rough roads? at CR.org. We tell you how each
the vehicle responds when you depress Vehicle response to quick steering car responded to our braking and
the pedal, both softly and with more maneuvers is a key factor in avoiding emergency-handling tests, and
force. It should be smooth, and it emergency situations, so it’s important give individual ratings for overall
should be easy to get just the amount that you’re comfortable with how braking and emergency handling.
of stopping power you need with- your vehicle responds. It should be easy Quietness. Consider engine, wind,
out the car stopping too quickly or and controllable to maneuver along and road noise, as well as squeaks and
not quickly enough. the road. The steering should not be so rattles. Turn off the radio and drive
Steering and handling. Does the sensitive that it feels tense and not so with the windows closed so that you can
car respond well to quick steering slow that it takes a lot of turning to make hear what else is going on. Most cars
maneuvers? Does it stay on course when a maneuver. You should also get good suffer from some background noises. The
get expensive as mileage instance, you could be We recommend certified car isn’t some of which affected
hits major service mile- stuck in a paperwork that you have any used necessarily trouble-free. vehicle safety.
stones at 60,000 miles snarl when it comes vehicle—certified Don’t assume the vehicle Bottom line. We think
and beyond. time to make a warranty or not—inspected by hasn’t been wrecked, it’s fine to buy a
Be wary. There are claim, especially if you a trusted independent flooded, or suffered noncertified car and
various degrees of seek work at another mechanic, preferably other serious damage—or bank any savings. Choose
certification. A used car facility. You need to be one experienced in auto- even that it has been a reliable model and a
may be advertised as aware of the differences, body work. properly inspected as the vehicle that receives your
certified, but it may and you should ask the Not all dealers will let certification process may mechanic’s approval. If
not have the backing of dealer to provide official you drive a car off the promise. you choose a CPO, be
an official automaker documentation so that lot without a salesperson Consumers have sure to read the fine print
certification program. you know what kind of as a chaperone, but a taken legal action on any warranty that
Some dealers certify cars warranty you are buying. trustworthy dealer should claiming that certified is offered to determine
themselves or sell third- Also, not all certifications understand your interest inspections were not whether the vehicle
party certifications. This may be transferable in getting an unbiased properly performed, or has been certified by a
type of CPO program from a previous owner opinion. that certified vehicles manufacturer, dealer,
brings certain risks. For to the next owner. Most important, even a had serious defects, or third party.

question is whether the ambient sounds You should have little trouble telling a number of design factors, such as seat-
are at a level you can live with. which is which during your test-drive. ing position, mirror effectiveness,
Engine noise has to do with the quality Listen at highway speed for wind and body design. It can vary greatly, even
of the engine as well as its size and noise coming through the roof. Leaky among similar vehicles. Several back-
configuration. Four-cylinder engines sunroof trim or roof rails may make to-back test-drives will quickly show
are often the noisiest; V6 and V8 engines a whistling sound. which have the best visibility. And
are far quieter. If an engine sounds High-performance tires on sporty don’t forget to check behind you when
coarse and loud under heavy accelera- cars and off-road tires on SUVs reversing. See page 19 for more about
tion or at highway speed, it could become and pickup trucks create the most tire backup safety and blind zones.
more annoying later. Engines don’t get noise. It can be annoying, but buyers
quieter with age. who want those kinds of tires are usu- The Problem of Salvage Vehicles
Wind noise is the next biggest annoy- ally willing to put up with the noise. Repairing and reselling “salvage”
ance, and side-view mirrors are the major The test-drive is a good way to deter- vehicles is a very large business. About
culprits. Poorly designed mirrors roar mine your tolerance level. 1 million salvage vehicles are returned
and whistle, unlike better-designed ones. Visibility. This takes into account to the road each year, according to
Protect Yourself When Buying a Used Car

7 steps to a successful used-car purchase.
HAVE IT reports that showed Check the backs of body or fabricated information, reports, which cost a
1
INSPECTED problems. So before panels and doorjambs verify it with the service. few dollars, should find
Just because a report buying a used car, take for paint overspray, a Some dealers offer free vehicles sold through
is clean doesn’t mean it to an independent signal that the car might reports directly from the insurance salvage
the vehicle has no mechanic to have it have had bodywork. The services. auctions, including clean-
problems. Some dealers checked for any smell of mildew or mold title wrecks. If reports
who have provided evidence of damage. could indicate water READ THE from those sources are
5
“clean” reports are damage. DISCLOSURES clean, consider also
using them in court as TAKE A The reporting companies getting one from CarFax
2
a defense against TEST-DRIVE CHECK have many disclosures ($35) and AutoCheck
3
charges that they knew Make note of unusual THE TITLE explaining the limits ($30). Along with total-
a vehicle was a former squeaks or rattles. If Always inspect the title of the information and loss information, they
wreck when they sold a car pulls to one side or document. Look for any guarantees they’re might provide warnings
it. We also know cases tracks poorly, that might anything indicating that providing. about odometer
of dealers altering hint at previous damage. the vehicle had been tampering and non-total-
wrecked, repurchased BE REDUNDANT loss collisions.
6
under a state lemon law One report might
program, flooded, or be clean but another GET THE
7
had any other problem. might not be. If the seller BUYBACK
Verify that the odometer doesn’t provide you with PROTECTION
statement doesn’t a report, check with To take advantage of the
conflict with the number the free or inexpensive limited “buyback”
in the car. services first. In our tests, guarantees that CarFax
VINCheck wasn’t as and AutoCheck provide,
GET THE thorough as commercial you must register the
4
VEHICLE’S reports, but it identified purchase with the service
PHOTO: CAVAN IMAGES/OFFSET.
HISTORY REPORT vehicles that had been within 90 days. Remem-

CarFax and AutoCheck deemed a total loss. ber, even clean reports
reports were the most Because of regulations from all services don’t
reliable and complete. If enacted after our test, guarantee that the vehicle
the report isn’t recent or National Motor Vehicle doesn’t have damage or
you suspect it has missing Title Information System other problems.

the National Association of Consumer
Advocates (NACA), an organization
of attorneys who represent consumers
victimized by fraudulent or abusive
business practices.
Though it is possible to restore such
a vehicle to good condition, rebuilders
often cut costs to make a profit. Even
if they try to do a good job, no one
can predict the crashworthiness and
mechanical reliability of the vehicles.
Similar concerns affect the esti-
mated 60,000 vehicles that are repur-
chased by manufacturers under state
lemon-law programs. Many are resold
at retail. Lemons usually don’t have
the severe problems you’d expect with
salvage cars. But it can be very difficult
to verify that a chronic defect has
been corrected.
State laws differ on what they define
as salvage vehicles and on how—or even
if—those vehicles need to be inspected
and buyers informed before resale.
Your state DMV can explain how to spot
a salvage title.
Consumer Reports found that
differing standards have led to
interstate trafficking of salvage and
lemon vehicles. Even if titles of
former lemon and salvage vehicles are
conspicuously branded or labeled
as such, those who buy a used car from
a dealership often never see the
previous title.
If you’ve unknowingly purchased
a salvage vehicle or rebuilt lemon,
contact your state consumer and motor
vehicle officials. You can check with
NACA (naca.net), which keeps a list of
lawyers who specialize in such cases.
Before you buy, check to see what
protection your state offers and what’s
required of the seller. The Federal Trade
PHOTO: DAN BROWNSWORD/GET T Y IMAGES
Commission requires used-car dealers

to post a “buyer’s guide” on every used
car, which details in writing all warranty DON’T FALL
information. Keep this after the sale. IN LOVE
There are plenty
of used cars
Used-Car History Reports available; don’t
Used-car buyers are increasingly depen- settle for a
dent on vehicle-history reports to make problematic one.
sure that they’re not getting a vehicle
57
that was crashed, stolen, flooded, or vehicles, the earlier crashes were since provided. But there are gotchas.
subjected to any other calamities. Many added to the history reports, a problem To take advantage of the program,
dealerships give free history reports to if you paid top dollar for a used car you’d have to prove the vehicle had a
consumers. Those reports provide based on an earlier “clean” report and “branded” title, and the information had
useful information, but it’s what they now want to sell it. been on file with a state motor vehicle
can miss that should worry you. We found that the reports were most agency that provides data to the report-
To test the veracity of history reports, likely to be incorrect for vehicles that ing services. Vehicles branded as “recov-
in 2009 we ordered them for dozens were seriously damaged, but for various ered stolen” or “theft” aren’t covered.
of wrecked and damaged vehicles reasons were not declared a total loss In addition, the guarantees are valid for
advertised at such websites as eBay by an insurance company. one year after the report was issued
Motors and eRepairables.com. The “Salvage,” or a similar notation on the and apply only if you registered the pur-
ads included photos showing smashed title, is required by many states for ve- chase with the history report provider
or missing body panels or other crash- hicles with extensive damage. Wrecks can within 90 days. Last, vehicles with titles
related damage, along with the vehicle maintain clean titles if the vehicle doesn’t that were branded less than 60 days
identification number (VIN). have collision insurance, is self-insured before the history report was issued are
Many reports returned “clean” results, as with many rental and fleet vehicles, or excluded from coverage. That’s because
sometimes from all five services: CarFax has damage falling below the “total loss” of the delay between the time a title is
(carfax.com), AutoCheck (autocheck.com), threshold, which can vary by state. branded and the event is reported to
the free VINCheck from the National Wrecked cars that still have clean the reporting services.
Insurance Crime Bureau (nicb.org), and titles are popular at auctions because Despite the problems, we did find
two services with information from the buyers can repair the vehicles and then the reports useful. For example, for ve-
federal National Motor Vehicle Title Infor- resell them to unsuspecting consumers. hicles that we knew had branded titles,
mation System database (nmvtis.gov). That’s especially true if the wreck doesn’t the services usually reliably reported the
Not all of the vehicles we investigated show up on a vehicle history report. Car- problem, especially CarFax and Auto-
had been damaged recently. We first Fax and AutoCheck guarantee they’ll Check, which didn’t miss any. Moreover,
checked some in 2006, largely with the buy back any vehicle a customer bought there were several cases in which
same results. In some cases for those based on an erroneous report they damaged vehicles with clean titles were
nevertheless flagged by CarFax and
AutoCheck based on accident reports
the two providers received from some
police departments and other agencies.
There’s also a good chance that
the services will know about a previ-
ously branded title, even if a clean one
has since been issued. Scammers
sometimes patch up wrecks and re-title
them in states with less stringent rules—
a process known as “title washing.”
We appreciated some of the extras
that come with CarFax and AutoCheck,
including a list of ownership changes,
periodic odometer readings, occasional
maintenance records, and details about
whether vehicles were ever rentals or
leased. Keep in mind we had no way of
PHOTO: JOVO JOVANOVIC/STOCKSY
verifying the information or knowing

if anything was omitted.
ONLINE And a final reason to get a report: Even
ASSISTANCE
if a used car or truck checks out with a
Vehicle history
mechanic, having an accident or other
reports often have
valuable data blemish on a history report—even if it’s
about a car’s past. incorrect—can seriously reduce a vehicle’s
value later when you sell it.

CR’S USED-CAR USE THIS FORM TO LOG KEY INFORMATION FROM YOUR USED-CAR TEST-DRIVE.
CHECKLIST
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION
Year: Make: Model: Trimline:
Body: ☐ Sedan ☐ Hatchback ☐ Coupe ☐ Convertible ☐ Wagon ☐ Minivan ☐ Pickup ☐ SUV

Engine: Cylinders: Displacement (liters): Odometer reading:
Color:
Upholstery Material: ☐ Cloth ☐ Leather Vehicle Identification Number (VIN):
Owner’s Name: Town: Phone Number:
INSPECTION
EXTERIOR
☐ Shocks and struts rebound just once or twice after bouncing ☐ No play in wheel bearings
Finish:☐ Paint smooth, not peeling or blistered ☐ No dents ☐ No scratches ☐ No rust ☐ Body panels fit well together
☐ Color and finish match ☐ No damage evident on underside of hood or trunk
Doors, Hood, Trunk Lid: ☐ Open and close smoothly ☐ Doors, hood, trunk aligned with the body ☐ Rubber seals intact
Body Condition Notes:
Lights Work: ☐ Front ☐ Rear ☐ Brake ☐ Backup ☐ Fog lights ☐ License plate light(s) ☐ Lenses intact
Tires: ☐ Same brand on all ☐ Wear even ☐ Rims not dented or rusted ☐ Tread depth okay (use quarter test) Tire size:
Glass: ☐ No chips or cracks

INTERIOR AND INSTRUMENT PANEL
☐ No musty smell ☐ Carpets okay ☐ Floor mats present ☐ Carpet/under mats dry ☐ Wear on pedal rubber agrees with odometer
☐ Upholstery in good shape ☐ Seats in good shape ☐ Driving position comfortable
Controls Work: ☐ Headlights ☐ Turn signals ☐ Horn ☐ Windshield wiper/washer ☐ Climate system ☐ Air conditioner
☐ Seat heater ☐ Dome/map/panel lights ☐ Window switches ☐ Seat adjustments ☐ Power seat(s) ☐ Sunroof ☐ Power locks
☐ Power mirrors ☐ Key-fob remote ☐ Sound system: ☐ AM ☐ FM ☐ Tape ☐ CD ☐ USB/AUX input
Interior Notes:
TRUNK
☐ Spare tire okay ☐ Full-sized spare ☐ Limited-service spare ☐ Jack and all tools present ☐ No moisture or rust in trunk or spare-tire well
General Condition:
ENGINE COMPARTMENT
☐ Wiring-harness plastic armor flexible ☐ Wiring connectors neat ☐ No aftermarket wiring ☐ Rubber hoses supple
Fluids:☐ Oil okay ☐ Transmission fluid okay ☐ Power-steering fluid okay ☐ Brake fluid okay ☐ Radiator coolant greenish okay
☐ Battery liquid/color of “eye” okay ☐ Automatic transmission fluid okay (check with engine running) ☐ Windshield washer fluid okay
UNDERNEATH
☐ No drips beneath car ☐ Constant-velocity boots intact ☐ Tailpipe residue gray, not black or oily ☐ Pipes, muffler, and catalytic converter okay
Notes From Mechanic’s Inspection:

GET YOUR
CAR FIXED
(ALMOST)
FOR FREE
But you have to know about
these ‘secret warranties’
in order to benefit
Nothing’s more frustrating special, unadvertised automaker extended warranty for the These so-called “secret
to a car owner than a vehicle programs that provide free engine assembly (including the warranties” usually come about
whose paint starts peeling or or discounted service work. engine block, crankshaft when automakers discover that
whose roof is leaking just a few Though manufacturers often call and bearings, connecting rods some component or system
years after leaving the dealer’s these programs “service actions” and bearings, and pistons). in a given model is failing
lot. Having to make expensive, or “customer-satisfaction Similarly, some Subaru Legacys, at a greater rate than expected.
post-warranty repairs sends campaigns,: many people refer Outbacks, Imprezas, WRXs, They learn about the problems
PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO
a signal to consumers that says: to them as secret or hidden Crosstreks, and Foresters from from numerous sources,
You’re getting ripped off. warranties because they’re rarely 2016 to 2017 may qualify for including complaints to their
Fortunately, you can often announced to the public. an extension to the new car customer service departments
save hundreds, or even Here are two examples: powertrain limited warranty for and reports from dealers.
thousands, of dollars in repair Owners of 2011 to 2014 Hyundai additional coverage of the con- Other tip-offs are an unusual
bills by taking advantage of Sonatas may qualify for an tinuously variable transmission. number of warranty claims

for a specific problem or a carmaker is offering to owners. to a local, independent repair generous warranty extension on
rapid decline in spare-parts If your car develops a notable shop rather than to the dealer. some brake components.
inventories. problem that’s not connected If so, they may end up paying It’s also important to be aware
Programs that offer subsidized to wear and tear or collision for an expensive repair that could that your car can be repaired
or free repairs are usually damage, it might be worth check- have been done free. free as part of a recall. Unlike
presented as a “warranty ing whether there’s a TSB related Owners may never learn that a TSB service campaign, official
extension,” because they last to it. Even if no warranty extension their problem is a common safety recalls are comprehensive,
for a specified time and mileage. is offered, a TSB tells you that one that’s recognized by the widely publicized, and good for
Occasionally, they’re good for the problem is well-known to automaker, which could be a key the life of the vehicle.
a limited number of years the automaker, which could give to getting a break on repair costs. Despite that, the National
from the original purchase date you more leverage in negotiating TSBs can hint at a safety Highway Traffic Safety
but have no mileage limit. a discount on the repair. problem that the automaker Administration estimates that
They’re often enacted in the doesn’t want to recognize. That only about 75 percent of the
name of good customer service. THE PROBLEM WITH was the case with the faulty vehicles recalled for a safety
Sometimes, though, a free- KEEPING WARRANTIES ignition switches on Chevrolet defect ever get the repair
repair program is instituted as SECRET Cobalts and other models done. CarFax calculates that
part of the settlement of a It’s easy to understand why that General Motors recalled in about 52 million cars on the road
class-action lawsuit brought carmakers aren’t in a hurry to 2014. General Motors had sent have unfulfilled recalls.
by consumers. broadcast the existence of a its dealers TSBs about those It’s easy to find out whether
At any given time, you’ll find free fix. Usually, only a small cars’ flimsy switches as early as your car has an open recall.
one or two of these out-of- percentage of a given model’s 2005, but it apparently didn’t Contact the service department
warranty service actions from production run will exhibit the consider that a noteworthy of any franchised dealer, give
many manufacturers. Honda, problem. Carmakers don’t want safety problem at the time. Only them your car’s VIN, and ask that
however, and its upscale Acura tens of thousands of customers after GM was successfully sued they check for any recalls. You
division stand out with a half- who don’t have the problem did the magnitude of the safety can also check the automaker’s
dozen or more. Because CR’s showing up at dealerships, de- ramifications come to light. website or SaferCar.gov. Look
survey data show that Honda manding the free repair “just Similarly, Toyota dealers in the “Owners” section and have
and Acura vehicles, in general, in case.” received two service bulletins we your VIN handy.
are among the most reliable But the hush-hush approach know of regarding faulty brakes
on the road, the company’s high has several downsides: on the 2007–2011 Toyota Camry WHERE TO LEARN MORE
number of service campaigns Once the basic warranty has Hybrid. Toyota notified owners Technical service bulletins
suggests that it has been expired, car owners often go of free repairs, offering a fairly can be hard for consumers to
unusually generous to customers. come by. You can search
So just how secret are secret for free summaries of them
warranties? Often, when an at SaferCar.gov, the govern-
automaker initiates a service ment’s auto-safety website.
campaign, it sends a notification SECRET FIX Enter your car’s make, model,
letter to all known owners. But and year in the “Owners”
Owners should
second or third owners of that section, and click on the
have the dealer
car may not receive it. Even check for TSBs. “Service Bulletins” tab.
among those who do, the letter But be warned, the sum-
may be mislaid or mistakenly maries are often vague. You
thrown away. In other cases, can order the full TSB text
though, there is no advance (free up to 100 pages) by mail,
notice, and car owners find out though that may take four
about it only if a dealer tells them to six weeks. However, a dealer
or they discover it on their own. or repair shop may share
All of the warranty extensions them if you ask.
we’ve found are included in You can also purchase
technical service bulletins current TSBs for your car from
(TSB) that automakers send Alldatadiy.com ($29.95/year)
to their dealers’ service or Mitchell 1 DIY at eautorepair.
departments. TSBs usually net ($29.95/year).
describe a common problem You can find more informa-
the automaker has learned tion about auto repairs and
about and provide detailed maintenance on CR’s website
instructions on how the service at CR.org/carrepair. Also, go

technician should fix it. However, to CR.org/carsafety to check
a small number of TSBs also for any open recalls on your
contain information about car with plain-English interpreta-
special warranties related to the tions or the recall prepared by
problem or other remedies the certified mechanics.

4
THINK
BEFORE
YOU BUY
Key strategies to help you avoid mistakes that will keep you
paying too much—sometimes for years to come.
We’ll show you how and where

to compare auto loans, why it’s
important to know your credit score
before you apply for a loan, and
the advantages and disadvantages of
the conventional—or alternative—auto-
financing methods available today.
62
63
4 Buying & Financing Strategies
Watch Your Total Cost Another key consideration is that very little. Another concern is that long-
Whether you’re buying from a dealer- the loan’s duration can significantly term loans lengthen the time before
ship or a private seller, it’s critical to affect both your monthly payment you begin building equity in the vehicle.
comparison shop for a loan. Getting and the total cost of your financing. With a 60-month loan, it may take
preapproved will allow you to jump A shorter term means higher monthly 18 months of paying or more before the
on a good deal without any lingering payments but less money paid overall. car is worth more than you owe.
red tape to delay the process. For example, if you borrow $15,000 So if you want to trade in or sell the
Ultimately, you want to balance a at a 6.5 percent APR for 36 months, car early, the price you’ll get won’t
loan’s total cost against an affordable your monthly payment will be $460 cover what you still owe—this is called
monthly payment. But if you simply and the total interest will be $1,550. being “upside down” or “underwater.”
concentrate on the payment, you’ll The same loan over 60 months would If the car is stolen or destroyed, your
increase the chances of ending up lower the monthly payment to $293— insurance payout won’t be enough to
with a bad deal. When comparing more than $160 less—but increase the pay off the balance of your loan.
loans, focus on the annual percentage interest by $1,060, to a total of $2,610. To prevent this problem, ask for a
rate (APR) figure. A lower rate can Today, dealers often advertise low shorter loan and make a significant
produce significant long-term savings. monthly payments by extending loan down payment. When financing a car,
For example, a three-year, $15,000 terms to as long as seven years. These we recommend having a trade-in or
loan at 5 percent APR would save you long-term loans often have higher inter- down payment worth at least 20 per-
almost $500 overall, compared with the est rates and can leave buyers still pay- cent of the total cost of the vehicle.
same loan at 7 percent. Over a longer- ing for a car that’s more than a decade
term loan, this hidden cost multiplies. old, requires costly repairs, and worth Understand Your Credit Score
Before you apply for a loan, it’s wise
to check your credit to find out where
you stand in the eyes of potential
lenders. After all, you’ll need good
PLAN AHEAD
enough credit to qualify for the cheap-
Check your credit
score before you est, lowest-interest auto loans.
start shopping for According to Experian—one of the
a car so you know big-three credit bureaus—just over 60
what to expect.
percent of all auto loans last year were
granted to people with “Prime” or
better credit standing, but only about
18 percent of borrowers were in the
highest category, called “Super Prime”
in Experian’s parlance.
You can obtain your credit informa-
tion from the three big credit-reporting
agencies, also called credit bureaus,
which monitor consumers’ credit
information. In addition to Experian,
there’s TransUnion and Equifax.
They all track your past and present
borrowing behavior and generate a
three-digit score that supposedly sum-
marizes your creditworthiness.
By law, you’re entitled to one free
report from each of the major credit
bureaus every 12 months. To order your
reports, go to annualcreditreport.com.
When the reports arrive, scrutinize
them for errors. You can challenge any
mistakes you find, and it’s smart to
correct any misinformation.

Remember, a report is not the same They differ from agency to agency
as a credit score, which is often offered for several reasons. Credit bureaus
for free by banks, credit cards, and AVOID might not gather the same information
credit unions.
If you’ve ever had a bank loan, install-
THE BUMP on you. And you might see scores
that use different scales: 300 to 900,
ment loan, or credit card, information VERIFY YOUR 300 to 850, or something similar.
regarding your account will appear INTEREST What they’re not is the exact score
on your reports. Among other factors, that any given lender may be using to
credit bureaus track your total available
RATE judge your loan application. Lenders
credit, current debt, and how much buy scoring software from FICO and
of your available credit you are using. other providers. They have no obligation
You may also find negative information: One way dealerships make to show you the score they are using to
late payments, missed payments, judg- additional money on judge your creditworthiness.
ments, write-offs, and bankruptcies. used cars is through an auto- Scoring tiers. Lenders usually divide
financing practice called
Your scores will certainly differ, at credit scores into tiers, or categories. It
“interest-rate bumping.”
least a little, from one agency to another. Here’s how it works: After
might be a simple five-step one, such as
Each may gather information from a reviewing your credit history Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, and Bad.
slightly different list of creditors, and and score, the finance In recent analyses of consumer credit
they each use different algorithms to company or bank used by behavior, Experian has been using these
turn your credit activity into a score. the dealership determines tiers: Super Prime (781+), Prime (661-
you are eligible for a loan
Many scores, little control. Credit 780), Nonprime (601-660), Subprime
rate of, say, 6 percent
scores are often generically called FICO per year. But the dealership (501-600), and Deep Subprime (under
scores. That’s because a firm called can bump up the rate by 500). The average score of all borrowers,
Fair Isaac Company developed the most three percentage points— (new and used) in the fourth quarter of
widely used scoring algorithms—soft- or more—and keep that 2018 was 689, which is very good.
money for themselves.
ware it sells to the credit-reporting agen- Different providers may put the cut-
Moreover, the dealership
cies and lenders. Fair Isaac refines its doesn’t have to tell you that a off points between categories at dif-
FICO software much like programmers lower rate is possible. ferent places. For instance, a score of
trot out successive generations of apps. This practice is allowed 680 might be considered prime in one
Those algorithms are also tweaked for by finance companies, and system and nonprime in another.
provides an incentive to the
different lenders for different purposes. Lenders, however, can put the cut-
dealer for this additional
That means that there are many profit. On an $18,000 five- off points wherever they want accord-
versions of FICO score in circulation, year loan, an increase of ing to their own business needs. For
used by mortgage companies, credit three percentage points auto lenders such as the car companies’
card issuers, auto lenders, and others. would take an additional financing arms, the amount of your
Depending on who is pulling a score $1,560 out of your pocket down payment can significantly change
and give it to the dealer.
on you, your credit history may gener- the tier they put you in.
This is often how dealers
ate more than 60 different scores. You The tier you land in can make a huge
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: KONSTANTIN PELIKH/AL AMY STOCK PHOTO
make up for negotiating a

should realize, too, that your credit low sale price on a car. difference in the APR you’ll pay. In
score fluctuates throughout the year as A former salesman told us 2019, people in the highest tier were
various loan balances change, you that if the customer ques- paying less than 5 percent on used-car
tioned the rate, he would say,
apply for new credit, or close existing loans. Subprime borrowers were pay-
“I’m really sorry. It’s not up
accounts. Those are good reasons not to us; it’s up to the bank.” ing, on average, more than 17 percent.
to obsess too much on the scoring Prevent this by shopping In addition to that score, lenders
number and on modest differences for a loan at banks and credit make decisions on whether to approve
you may see between the different unions before you visit the a loan, how much to lend you, and at
dealership so that you can
scores you might obtain. what interest rate based solely on their
compare rates.
When you buy or obtain your free needs. And they may consider all sorts
once-a-year scores from the credit- of factors—like income and work his-
reporting agencies, what you get is tory—that credit bureaus don’t track.
branded as the PLUS score, which You could have perfectly good
is a credit score with some finishing credit, but a lender might be looking
touches incorporated by the agencies. to make more subprime loans.

Applying for loans can lower your with your Visa payment, as long as you some other payment options:
credit score, so be careful how many pay your car loan on time every time. Paying cash. It’s long been an article of
times you apply in a short period of What’s vexing to many consumers, faith that paying cash is the cheapest way
time, and only apply when you’re ready however, is that they have no legal to finance a car. Write a check once, and
to buy a car. Getting turned down for right to see that “auto adjusted” loan you do away with the burden of monthly
a loan does not hurt your score. score free of charge. That puts consum- payments forever. The only downside of
Lenders’ “secret” scores. When lenders at a disadvantage. If the score is pulling money out of your personal till is
ers make various kinds of loans, such wildly different from a regular FICO what’s called “opportunity cost.” That’s
as auto loans or home mortgages, they score, they can’t learn why or do any- the interest or dividends you’ll give up on
often use scoring models adapted for thing about it. the money you part with, and the oppor-
the purpose, which produce different If you’ve had a positive auto-loan tunity to do something else with it.
scores from those you obtain for history, it’s probably safe to assume that Even though interest rates are ris-
yourself from the credit bureaus. your auto-loan score will reflect it. The ing, borrowed money is still relatively
In the auto loan area there are, for reverse is also true. If you discover that cheap for people with good credit.
instance, scoring models called “auto your credit-bureau report shows nega- Car-company subsidized loans are often
enhanced” or “auto industry” variants. tive information about your prior auto- available that bring rates even lower
They’re based on formulas that loan performance that isn’t true, you than bank rates. If you’re contemplat-
give more weight to your past auto should contest that information, both ing taking money out of an investment
finance-specific behavior. with the credit bureau and with that pays you a reliable 5 percent, say,
If you’ve made late payments or the creditor that’s bad-mouthing you. then you may be better off borrowing
defaulted on a car loan, it will ding your the cheap money.
“auto” score more than otherwise. Simi- Financing Alternatives As always, weigh the total cost of the
larly, if you’ve been really good with auto Financing through a bank or the dealer loan, all the payments, including taxes
payments, your score could be higher is the way most people pay for vehicles, and fees, vs. what your capital would be
than the one used by a credit card issuer. but it’s not the only way. While con- worth if you left it alone. In the case of a
An auto lender might not care, for ventional borrowing may be the most subsidized low-interest loan, you’ll want
instance, that you’re chronically late advantageous in the long run, there are to be careful that the cheap financing
doesn’t mean you can’t bargain the price
down from the sticker price in order to
qualify. You may also find that the sav-
ings are minimal compared with
the aggravation of monthly payments.
Home equity. Mortgage lenders have,
for many years, been willing to make

additional loans secured by the equity
in your home, either as a single sum,
a home equity loan, or a home equity
line of credit (HELOC), essentially an
open-ended line of credit that you can
draw on when you want to.
However, rising interest rates and
new changes to the tax code make it less
attractive to use your home’s equity to
finance a vehicle. Now, borrowers
can no longer deduct interest from
BY THE BOOK
a home equity loan if it’s used for pur-
A car's basic poses outside of buying, building, or
retail value is substantially improving a home, such
just the start of as purchasing a car. HELOCs may also

determining the
have variable rates that can increase
right price on a
used car you are monthly payments as rates rise.
considering. But the biggest danger with either
option is the risk to your home. With

a conventional auto loan, the vehicle
itself is the collateral. But with either a
home equity loan or HELOC, the Comparing Retail vs.
collateral is your home. If something hap-
pens and you can’t make the payments, Wholesale Pricing
your home could be in jeopardy. That’s
a big risk to take for an auto loan.
401(k) loans. It’s theoretically possi-
To show the difference between what the dealer paid for a car (the wholesale
ble to borrow money from your 401(k), price) and what that dealer would charge you (the retail price), we collected
but check with your plan administra- data from several 3-year-old models with 36,000 miles.
tor to see whether using the money for
a non-essential like a car is allowed. $34,625 Retail
Usually, such loans are made to cover Wholesale
a medical emergency or a first-home
down payment.
$ $26,100
One benefit of a 401(k) loan is that
interest rates are usually the prime rate $
plus 1 or 2 percent, regardless of credit $18,750
score. Another is that you’re borrowing
$
money from yourself, so the interest $14,650 $ $ $15,525
you pay goes back into your own kitty.
There are a few significant down- $ $ $
sides. The first is opportunity cost—the
lost earnings on the capital you with- $ $ $ $
draw. The repayment, generally limited
to five years or less, comes straight out $ $ $ $ $
of your paycheck, which may tempt
$ $ $ $ $
you to reduce your regular 401(k) con-
tribution. If you should lose your job or
$11,700 $32,475 $23,960 $12,650 $17,060
change plans, you may have to repay
Ford Chevrolet Dodge Honda Toyota
the balance in full within 60 days. Fusion SE Silverado 1500 Durango Civic EX RAV4
Then if you don’t repay the loan at 2.5 FWD LTZ Z51 Crew Limited Sedan XLE AWD
all, you face taxes and early withdrawal Cab 4WD AWD V6
penalties, which could put a big dent
in your nest egg.
Credit cards. You also can purchase
a vehicle, at least in part, with a credit

card draft or cash advance. This is a a down payment in order to earn cash features, quality, and price.
bad idea, as cash advances often have back or airline miles, make sure you There is a far wider range of outlets
additional fees and high interest rates. have enough money on hand and pay it for a used vehicle than a new one, and
Even if you receive a promotional off before it incurs any interest. both price and vehicle quality can vary.
offer with low introductory rates and Here, we’ll discuss the pros and
cash-advance fee waivers—which usually Where to Buy Your Car cons of shopping at different used-car
comes in the mail with blank “conve- Prices can vary substantially depending outlets, from traditional dealerships
nience checks” and a letter encouraging on mileage, condition, options, the geo- to websites. We’ll also show you how
you to pay off other credit balances—it’s graphic location of the car, and whether to assess a vehicle’s true value so
a bad idea. That’s because card interest you buy it from a large dealer, a small that you don’t end up overpaying.
rates can climb dramatically once the used-car lot, or a private owner. And when you’re ready to buy, we’ll
attractive introductory rate expires. If Once you’ve decided which models give you advice on how to negotiate
you’re a day late on a single payment, it interest you most, the best strategy the asking price so that you can get
could rise higher still. A loan like that is is to cast a wide net into the used-car the best deal possible.
possibly the worst way to finance a car. market and focus on those models New-car dealers. Nearly all fran-
If you do use a credit card to make that give you the best combination of chised dealers have a used-car

department, which tends to feature late- time and has a good reputation locally, Private owners. You can usually get
model vehicles (2 or 3 years old) that that’s a good sign. the best price if you buy a car from its
often carry the remainder of the origi- Many used-car dealerships can previous owner. A private party doesn’t
nal warranty or are Certified Pre-Owned arrange financing for you. Some of these have to cover the overhead of a busi-
with an extended warranty. Many deal- loans are handled by traditional banks ness and frequently just wants to get rid
ers won’t bother with cars more than and lenders, but other independent of the vehicle. But an owner may not be
4 or 5 years old, or ones that are difficult dealers may specialize in working with aware of trouble signs that a dealership
to sell, so their stock is fairly up to date. customers with a shaky credit history. or service station would recognize.
Auto superstores. These are dealer- Such financing is often what’s called a Additionally, you’ll have to have financ-
ships with huge lots and scores of cars subprime loan and may carry a very ing in place before you buy.
to sell. CarMax, for instance, is a large high interest rate, extra fees, or stiff pen- Sometimes “private sellers” fix up
chain that sells cars at no-haggle prices. alties. Be careful. Whether the financ- and sell rebuilt vehicles with salvage
These so-called auto malls have nu- ing is easy to arrange or not, don’t sign titles (see page 57), or are actually
merous brands under the same roof or something you don’t understand or buy so-called curbstoners—dealership
stores that share the same chunk of real a car you know you can’t afford even employees who pose as private
estate, making it easy to compare cars. if you’re approved for a loan. sellers to build trust. Beware a seller
Carvana is similar, but puts the whole Independent mechanics. Some me- who seems unaware of a vehicle’s his-
process online and can deliver vehicles chanics have a sideline business selling tory or who is selling it for a “friend.”
directly to buyers. used cars. They may not have many Always have a vehicle thoroughly in-
Independent used-car dealers. cars to sell, but prices are often better spected by an independent mechanic.
These are apt to handle any make, than those you’ll find at a dealership. Shopping online. The internet pro-
and the vehicles can run the gamut An added benefit is that the station may vides an easy way to find out prices for
from the almost-new to the junker- have serviced the car throughout its various models for sale in your area
in-waiting. Some dealers specialize life, giving its mechanics knowledge from a variety of sources, including
in late-model cars and are affiliated of the car’s repair history. Still, take it dealers, superstores, and private own-
with new-car franchises. If the elsewhere to have an impartial inspec- ers. You may find, however, that many
dealership has been around for a long tion performed. offerings are located inconveniently far
Santander, an international bank if you decide to apply for a loan.

that also has a large consumer- It’s a good way to control where
WHERE TO SHOP finance division in the U.S.

Here’s a rundown on the types
your personal information goes,
and you might walk out the door
FOR A CAR LOAN of lending institutions:

Banks generally have very
with a pretty good offer.
Credit unions operate a bit
specific, conservative loan like banks, but they are usually
policies, and some of them may nonprofits owned by their
cater only to those borrowers depositors, with lower operating
with a better credit standing. costs than banks. That lets them
As such, these institutions are lend money at lower rates than
The auto-finance business is Some of the best deals come in a position to offer some very banks charge. Many, but not all,
enormous, with hundreds of from those captives, especially competitive loan rates. Bank credit unions lend money only to
institutions making hundreds of when the automaker itself is offerings vary tremendously, their members. However, it can
PHOTO: BOSTON GLOBE /GET T Y IMAGES
billions of dollars’ worth of car subsidizing the loans. Other lend- though, and some make more be easy to join a credit union and
loans every year. The largest ers include credit unions, local loans to people with marginal some make loans to people who
lenders are big national banks banks, and finance companies. credit than others. don’t have deposit accounts with
like Ally Bank, Capital One, Consumer finance companies Because you probably have them. The website Credit.com
Chase, and Wells Fargo. Other aren’t banks—they don’t take a relationship with at least one maintains links to several credit
big players are the “captive” deposits—and many of them bank already, your local branch unions that make loans to the
finance companies belonging specialize in making high-interest- might be a good place to start. general public.
to automakers, such as rate subprime loans. Big names Most banks have websites where Online lenders can be com-
Ford Motor Credit and Toyota there include Westlake Financial, you can check their current loan petitive and also very convenient
Financial Services. Credit Acceptance Corp., and rates, but stop by a branch office to use. Sites such as Clearlane,

from home, or that listings are errone-
ous or incomplete.
Used-car websites typically ask you PUT AWAY THE PLASTIC
to fill in some search parameters:

the make and model in which you’re
Using a credit card cash advance to finance
interested, your price range, and the a car purchase is a terrible idea. That’s
region (usually based on your ZIP code) because issuers can add hidden fees, and
where you’d like to shop. Try to limit
your search to locations that are easy
interest rates can climb dramatically.
to reach. You’ll get a list of vehicles that
fit your criteria, along with a way to
contact the seller. Because many sellers you an opportunity to snap up a bargain, slow to update their offerings as inven-
are car dealerships, most sites provide it also means you have committed to tories change, making it a challenge
direct links to the dealership websites. the deal, unless it turns out that the seller to even find available common models.
Many services also let you place a clas- has made some serious misrepresenta- Always make sure the vehicle you’re
sified ad for selling your old car. tion. You can arrange to have the vehicle looking for is still available before visit-
Online auctions (eBay Motors is by inspected through a paid service on the ing any seller, whether it’s a dealership
far the largest) are another route. The site. Federal, state, and local govern- or a private party.
auction system is a little different from ment agencies use online auction sites No matter how much of the transac-
standard price negotiation. On eBay, to dispose of surplus vehicles. These tion you conduct by phone or email,
once you enter a bid it’s like signing vehicles are usually well maintained, but it’s important to inspect the vehicle in
a contract to buy. The winning bidder often lack desirable options. person and take it for a test-drive (see
is obligated by the bid, and the seller Problems we’ve noticed with used- Chapter 3 for details) before you buy.
is obligated to accept it. car websites include scam ads meant
If there is a reserve, it must be met to trick you into giving out personal What’s It Really Worth?
or the auction will expire without a information or money for a deal that’s Whether you are buying from a dealer-
transaction. Though an auction gives “too good to be true.” Some sellers are ship or a private party, it’s important
E-Loan, and LendingTree farm its reputation with the Better

out your request to numerous Business Bureau (bbb.org).
lenders, netting you several offers. Dealerships arrange loans from
At the same time, individual automakers but also work with
lenders like Capital One, Wells banks and other independent
Fargo, and Chase also have sources. One benefit to working
online loan operations. through a dealer is convenience.
Online financing has a down- But the rates they quote often
side, however. It may be difficult include a markup for the dealer-
to control where the information ship itself. You may be able to
you provide about yourself goes, negotiate the dealer’s initial quote
and you may be bombarded with down to something attractive. But
email and phone calls from lend- you must do your homework.
ers you never heard of or con- Beware: Some dealers advertise
tacted in the first place. that they work with buyers who
If you do make an online appli- have poor credit, but you should
cation, look out for up-front fees count on paying a high APR for
you may have to pay. Avoid loans the privilege. Many “buy here,
with prepayment penalties that pay here” lots will add on extra
make it hard to refinance in the fees or extend loans as long as 8
future. And check each website’s years, and may not help you build
privacy policy before providing credit by reporting your on-time
personal information. If you’re payments to credit bureaus. Try a
unfamiliar with the lender, check credit union or bank first.
69
to know a vehicle’s current cash value. printed pricing guides and online one model that should fit your needs.
This depends on many factors, includ- estimates can give you a general idea, Even if you have your heart set on one
ing the vehicle’s age, mileage, condition, you can often get a better fix on a ve- specific model, be assured there are
trim level, optional equipment, and hicle’s worth by localizing your search likely to be similar ones for sale.
even where it’s being sold. All used cars by checking online ads from private par- In general, negotiating the price of
have two prices: retail and wholesale. ties as well as dealer ads. Keep in mind a used car is far less harrowing than
Retail price. This is what you would that sometimes it’s difficult to sort out if you were buying a new car. Dealers
expect to pay if you were buying a car at the private sellers from the dealer ads. often make more money on a used car
a dealership. Retail is also considerably Look for vehicles similar to your target than a new car, so there’s more wiggle
higher than the price you’ll receive for in terms of model year, mileage, trim room. Private sellers can be stubborn
your trade-in, because it includes a profit level, options, and condition. about pricing, but are unlikely to have
margin for the dealership. You can also check online used-car the experience and resources to play
Wholesale price/trade-in value. sites, which let you limit searches to hardball negotiation games.
This is essentially a car’s trade-in value your general geographic area and Still, never negotiate under pressure.
to a dealer, that will likely sell it to instantly get a listing of nearby cars for Salespeople may assure you they won’t
someone else for profit. Understand- pressure you, but then still do it in a
ably, the trade-in price is much lower subtle way, like by claiming that some-
than the retail price, and it is unlikely one else is interested in the same car.
you could buy a used car for this price. Even if it’s true, don’t feel you have to
But it’s a figure you should know THE VITAL STATISTIC make a deal or a deposit immediately—
42%
if you’re deciding whether to trade in there are always other cars out there.
your vehicle or sell it yourself. If you’re buying at a dealership, nego-
In the wholesale end of the business, tiate one thing at a time. First settle on
a car can actually command several the price for the vehicle you’re buying,
prices. One is what the dealer offers a then discuss your trade-in and financ-
customer as a trade-in. Then there’s ing separately. Salespeople often try to
a dealer-to-dealer price when one dealer get you to focus on your monthly pay-
sells that car to another. If the car ment. They will lump the whole process
goes to a wholesale auction, which is Percentage of used-car together, which gives him or her too
only open to car dealers, then there loans with a payback term much leeway to give you a “good deal”
is an auction price. Every step, the longer than five years in one area while making up for it in
middlemen take a markup and the car SOURCE: Experian another. Be sure to double-check the
acquires a new “value.” dealer’s math, too, as you don’t want to
Find the book value. The first step overpay for their mistake.
in assessing a used vehicle’s true worth Based on your homework, you
is to check its book value. This is the should know how much you’re willing
figure you’ll find in pricing guides and sale and their prices. Prices in other re- to pay. Begin with an offer that's 15 to
used-car websites, which list a vehicle’s gions may vary from those in your area. 25 percent lower than this figure. Name
base retail value. To get a more accu- Knowing what other sellers of similar your offer and wait until the person
rate figure, you must factor in any vehicles are asking can provide am- you’re negotiating with responds. Be
options, as well as mileage and condi- munition for you to bid lower on the courteous, but hold to your original fig-
tion. Most websites let you do this car you want. Keep in mind that listed ure after receiving any counteroffer.
online, then give you adjusted figures. prices are the asking prices, not what If you must move up your offer, do it
Check CR.org; we have used vehicle people are paying. Assume that all such in small increments. If the gap between
prices for every model. You can also prices are negotiable. One advantage the two sides is, say, $1,000 or less, move
check Kelley Blue Book (kbb.com), to eBay is that you can check completed your bid $100 at a time. State clearly
the National Automobile Dealers Asso- auctions for the actual sale prices. when you have reached your last offer—
ciation (nadaguides.com), and and stick to it.
VMR (vmrintl.com). Checking several Negotiate Effectively Don’t be afraid to say your offer is
sources will give you more pricing The first rule of buying a car is not to fall fair, final, and good for 24 hours only.
information when you begin haggling in love with any specific one. Cars are If the seller won’t budge, be prepared
with potential buyers. commodities, not people. The used-car to walk away rather than pay more
What are sellers asking? Though market is huge, and there is more than than you know is a fair price.

CR’S DEAL SHEET USE THIS WORKSHEET TO TRACK THE DETAILS OF YOUR TRANSACTION.
THE NUMBERS
P U RC H A S E P R I C E $
S U BTR AC T: T R A D E- I N A L LOWA N C E -$
R E BATE O R OTH E R C A S H I N C E NTIV E -$
D OW N PAY M E NT ( D U E O N D EL I V ERY ) -$
D E P OS IT -$
EQ UA L S: A M O U N T TO B E FI N A N C ED BY LOA N $
I NTE R E S T R ATE % ( EN T ER A N N UA L PERC EN TAG E R AT E )
LOA N TE R M ( I N M O N T H S)
M O NTH LY PU RC H A S E PAY M E NT ( V ER I F Y W I T H A N O N L I N E AU TO
$
LOA N C A LC U L ATO R )
TOTA L VA LU E O F PAY M E NT S (OV ER D U R AT I O N O F LOA N ) $
O D O M E TE R R E A D I N G ( AT T I M E O F P U RC H A S E )
D E LIV E RY DATE O F V E H I C LE
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION
Year: Make: Model: Trimline:
Body: ☐ Sedan ☐ Hatchback ☐ Coupe ☐ Convertible ☐ Wagon ☐ Minivan ☐ Pickup ☐ SUV
Color: VIN:

5
GET TOP
DOLLAR
FOR YOUR
OLD CAR
To get the most money when selling or trading
in your car, know what it’s worth and clean it up
so that it looks its best.
Figuring out how to dispose of your current

vehicle isn’t as exciting as getting a new
ride, but be careful. You could get a great
deal on your new car but lose all the
savings—and more—on your old one. You
typically get the most money by selling
your car yourself. But many people like the
convenience of trading it in and are willing
to take less money for it. In this chapter, we’ll
look at the advantages and disadvantages
of both strategies.
72
73
5 Selling or Trading In
What Is Your Car’s Value? WHAT TO EXPECT A real downside of trading in your
20%
Whether selling or trading in, it’s impor- vehicle is that you might leave behind
tant to know your car’s cash value. hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars.
If you sell the vehicle yourself, you’ll The best you can hope for when trading
often get more than the wholesale price in is the wholesale price, which is
(the car’s value if you trade it in), but you significantly less than what you could
likely won’t get what a car dealer would. get if you sold it yourself. In addition,
If you decide to trade in your cur- even if you’ve checked all the pricing
rent car, expect to get something close sources and think you know what your
to its wholesale value after taking all This is the difference between vehicle is worth, you’ll have to haggle
variables (options, mileage, condition, the retail and trade-in value of a with a salesperson to get the best deal.
and so on) into consideration. Some 2016 Honda Civic EX sedan. You might also encounter another
dealerships will try to give you less SOURCE: Black Book Used Car Values.
problem: If a dealer already has six
money for it so that they can make more used silver Chevrolet Malibus on the lot,
profit when they resell it. he or she isn’t likely to pay top dollar for
In addition, it’s good to get quotes yours. And if your trade-in isn’t one the
from some dealerships first. This lets dealer wants, it will probably be sent
you find an easily obtainable trade- Trade In Your Old Car? Less to auction and discounted accordingly.
in price before you begin negotiating. Effort—but Also Less Money. Just remember, no matter how tired
Start by making your car present- Many buyers prefer the simplicity you may be of your current vehicle,
able, then take it to CarMax or a similar of trading in their vehicle. You can a dealership isn’t doing you a favor
used-car superstore, or the used-car apply the trade-in amount to your by taking it off your hands. If the deal-
departments of local dealerships. Ask down payment, reducing how much ership buys your car, it’s because
what they would give you in a straight- you have to finance. If you still owe there’s an inviting profit for them at the
out sale. This is the minimum to money on your car, the dealer can end of the transaction.
expect if you trade in your car, so you deduct that amount from your trade. How to get the most money. There
can negotiate with confidence. There can be tax advantages, too. Most are several things you can do to maxi-
There’s another advantage to having states require that sales tax be paid mize the value of your trade-in:
this information: If you’re being only on the difference between the price A vehicle’s appearance is an important
lowballed on your trade-in, you can of your trade-in and the vehicle you consideration when a used-car manager
always simply refuse the offer and are buying, not the full price of the car estimates its value. (See below to
sell your vehicle to the dealer that gave you buy. However, this tax benefit goes learn how to improve curb appeal.)
you a better quote. away if you sell your car yourself. If your car needs repairs, get an
Depending on its condi- of grime. But preparing car-wash detergent.

tion, you can spruce up the car for sale may Alloy wheels should be
MAXIMIZE the car yourself or take it

to a professional detailer.
involve bodywork, paint
touch-ups, and heavy-
scrubbed thoroughly
to remove road film and
CURB Prices generally start

around $100 for a full
duty buffing.
As with all do-it-yourself
grime. Use a stiff-bristled
brush with a detergent
APPEAL detail treatment but can

rapidly increase depend-
projects, the more elbow
grease you invest, the less
or cleaner that is safe
for all wheels. Non-
ing on the region, type you’ll need to pay some- automotive cleaners can
Making your vehicle look as of vehicle, and amount of one else. Here are some eat away the protec-
good as possible can pay work needed. Detailing tips on how to get the best tive coating on certain
sometimes isn’t much results from your efforts: factory wheels. Once
big dividends by improving
more than an extra- everything is dry, apply
its value and sales appeal. good job of polishing the SPIFF UP THE tire dressing to give the
body and cleaning the EXTERIOR rubber a new-car look.
inside, plus removing Give your vehicle a Then inspect the paint
every smudge and scrap thorough cleaning with and assess any damage,

SHOWROOM SHINE
Nobody wants
someone else’s dirty
car. Get top
dollar by cleaning
it before selling.
noting scratches, stone put a shine back in the there is damage to the using an appropriate a paintless dent repair
chips, and dents. If the paint. Based on our tests, substrate or damage polish and microfiber service, such as DentPro
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: ANDRIY POPOV / AL AMY STOCK
paint is in good condi- we favor liquid waxes for to a large area, then see cloths. Don’t use an (dentpro.com). They use
tion, you may need the best cleaning results. a professional.” Let the electric rotary buffer special tools to massage
only a coat of wax. Your You can fix small paint dry for at least a unless you know what out small dents from the
car probably has a scratches and chips your- day or two before polish- you’re doing. Done inside. Your mechanic,
PHOTO; PHOTO, THIS PAGE: JOHNÉR /OFFSET
clearcoat outer layer, so self with touch-up paint. ing the car. improperly, you can body shop, or car dealer
make sure the wax you “If there is a chip that Fine surface abrasions easily burn through the can help you find a ser-
use is marked “safe for does not reach the sub- or scratches in the paint paint or leave perma- vice. Costs range from
clearcoats.” Avoid abra- strate, then a simple can be professionally nent swirl marks. $50 to $150 per dent.
sive products, which are cosmetic touch-up works buffed out at a body shop Some do-it-yourself
meant to remove paint very well and can be or car-wash center. This REMOVE SMALL DENTS dent-removal kits are
or to shine a dull finish. If completed by anyone,” will improve the car’s Having a body shop advertised on infomercials
your paint finish is a little says Dennis Taljan, a appearance, but it will fix unsightly dents and and online, costing about
dull, look for a product general manager at PPG, cost between $100 and dings can be costly. If $20 to $30. Essentially,
that both polishes and which produces car paints $200. You can hand- there’s no paint damage,
protects. This could help and other products. “If polish the car yourself you may be able to use Continued on next page

5 Selling or Trading In
estimate to take with you to the dealer- kind of car privately, or to an auto money reselling your car than they
ship. This could provide a little bargain- recycler for parts. do on a new-car deal, so they have more
ing power when the dealer’s estimator Negotiating the trade-in. You’ll get flexibility with a trade-in offer.
starts deducting repair costs from the the best deal by keeping the purchase Keep your eye on the bottom line.
figure offered to you. Be aware that and trade-in negotiations separate. What’s important is the net amount
it costs a dealership a lot less to make Combining the two allows salespeople you have to pay. Be sure to read and
repairs at its own shop than the retail to manipulate the deals so that a good understand any sales contract before
price you’ve been quoted. price in one area could be canceled out you sign it. If you have a problem with
Keep in mind that dealers might by a poor price in the other. any terms or conditions, ask questions.
not offer any trade-in money for older, First, nail down the price of the car You have little recourse after you sign.
high-mileage, or exceptionally tired you want to purchase, then discuss
cars. You may still be able to sell this your trade-in. Dealers often make more Sell It Yourself: More Effort—
but Also More Money
Selling your current vehicle on your
own will get you a higher price than
trading it in. You can always expect to
PREPURCHASE
INSPECTION get more than the wholesale price.
Don’t be But selling your car yourself takes a lot
surprised—or more work than just driving to the deal-
insulted—if ership for a trade-in. You’ll have to go
a savvy buyer
asks to have your through the hassle of advertising, taking
car inspected phone calls, and showing the car.
by a mechanic. Set a competitive price. By follow-
ing the advice under “What Is Your Car’s

Value?” on page 74, you should have
a good idea of what the retail and local
asking prices are for your vehicle. If
you checked to see what a local dealer
would offer on a straight-up sale,
you should be able to price your car
reasonably. Remember, price your
vehicle a little bit higher than what
you are willing to take for it. That
From previous page diameter were the tough- to replace the entire personal clutter from the rear window. If floor mats
est to fix; kits worked windshield. In some states, glove box and storage look worn even after
they work by hot-gluing best on dents about 4 it’s illegal to make repairs spaces, empty and wash you vacuum, replace them.
a disc onto the dent, inches across. in the glass area swept the cup-holder inserts, Ridding cars of odors
then pulling the dent by the windshield wipers. and check under the seats can be a challenge. First,
out with a special tool. FIX WINDOW-GLASS Check your auto insur- for lost toys, trash, and get all the interior fab-
Consumer Reports tested DEFECTS ance policy first. If you wayward french fries. rics clean with pet-spot
two kits: DentOut and It’s very common for have glass coverage, You can buy special cleaner or another odor-
Ding King. We found a windshield to pick up the replacement will be cleaners for upholstery, fighting product. Wipe
that they worked about “star” or “bull’s-eye” dam- free except for a carpet, vinyl, and leather. down the overhead fabric
equally well, but the age from a flying stone. possible deductible. For hard plastic surfaces, (the headliner) and clean
results weren’t perfect. An auto-glass repair use any general-purpose inside the trunk and
Generally, the more service can repair these CLEAN THE INTERIOR cleaner. Use glass cleaner spare-tire well. To remove
experience you have, the so that they are less THOROUGHLY to remove smudges stale odors from the
better the results. Don’t noticeable and don’t de- Look at the results with and film from the insides ventilation ducts, spray
pull the metal out too far. velop into big cracks. For the eye of a potential of all windows—espe- odor eliminator into the
Dents less than 1 inch in larger cracks, you’ll have buyer. Remove your cially the windshield and system’s air intake, which

way, the buyer can negotiate and feel
good about it. Don’t be greedy: You’ll
scare off potential buyers with an TRADE-IN TAX TIP
unrealistic price. If you have an out-

standing loan, contact your lender
Trading in your car lowers the purchase
to pay it off before you list the vehicle price of the new one you buy, which
to ensure that the title is ready to in turn may reduce the sales tax you’ll
transfer, especially in states where the
lender holds the title.
have to pay.
Advertise effectively. There are
many ways to advertise your vehicle.

Both Facebook Marketplace and honestly and be prepared to provide Bring the correct documents.
Craigslist are free and can get a lot service receipts. Know that some Paperwork requirements vary from
of local attention. Other options buyers will not show up and that others state to state. In some, transferring
include CarGurus, Autotrader, Cars. will make an unrealistically low offer. ownership of a vehicle to another
com, and Kelley Blue Book (kbb.com), For safety and to avoid scams, meet person is as simple as entering the
although most require payment for the buyer in a public place, request a odometer reading, sales price, and
full-featured listings. Or try the old cash payment or meet the buyer at your signature on the back of the title.
standby: Put a “For Sale” sign in your the bank to deposit a cashier’s check, In others, you must fill out official
car’s window. and never take a payment from title-transfer forms. Contact your state’s
Word of mouth is very effective. a buyer you haven’t met in person. motor vehicle department to see what
Tell your friends, relatives, colleagues, Prepurchase inspection. Any you should do. A bill of sale is often
and social media circle that you have a car savvy buyer will want to have your required by the buyer for registration
for sale. If your network is big enough, car inspected by a mechanic before and tax purposes. It’s easy to find
you might be surprised at how much the sale. If the buyer is a friend or one through an online search.
interest you generate. And it’s free. relative, there should be little risk in Wrapping up the details. Buying
Showing your car. Once you’ve placed allowing him or her to take the car a new vehicle is exciting, but not
your ads, have your schedule ready for an inspection. getting the full value for your current
so that you can set a day and time to If the potential buyer is a total stran- car can leave a bad taste in your mouth.
show the car. Remember that many ger, however, you’ll probably want to By knowing its true value, spending
states require the car to remain regis- drive the car to the shop yourself or a little time making it look its best, and
tered for test-drives. When you do accompany the buyer there. The inspec- sticking to your price during negotia-
show the car, answer all questions tion shouldn’t take more than an hour. tions, you can get a fair deal.
is usually at the base practice, but it’s not any- Clean engine parts that other repairs will about it. Dealers may
of the windshield. Then more. Steam can dam- with old rags and plain probably be needed. also reduce the value of
run the air conditioning age electronic parts, and soap and water, though Major repairs are an- your trade if they notice
for at least 10 minutes. modern cars have lots of you may have better luck other matter. Most buyers major problems.
those under the hood. with an aerosol engine probably won’t want to The key question is
CLEAN THE ENGINE If battery terminals are degreaser. Loosen dirt make a big one just after whether you can recoup
COMPARTMENT corroded or caked with and rust with a soft- buying a car. the cost of the repair in
PHOTO, FACING PAGE: GET T Y IMAGES
Cleaning the outside of white powder, remove the bristle wire brush and If your air conditioner your selling price. Most
the engine and other residue with an old tooth- soft abrasive cleaner, and doesn’t work and the of the time you can’t, so
components under the brush dipped in a mix- don’t get electrical con- estimate is $600 to repair be prepared to take
hood can be a chore, but ture of water and baking nections wet. it, some private buyers a beating if your car has
a clean engine bay gives soda. Then coat the Fix or replace broken might not care as long as major repair problems.
the impression that the terminals with battery or missing items. A lost you adjust the price On the other hand,
mechanicals have been terminal grease. (Always wheel cover or a broken accordingly, because it a brand-new muffler
well-maintained. Steam wear eye protection mirror are signs that isn’t a safety concern. or new tires could be
cleaning the engine and gloves when working your vehicle has not been Other buyers may balk an attractive selling point
bay was once a common around car batteries.) well-maintained and when they find out for a private buyer.

6
KEEP YOUR
CAR AND
TIRES IN
TOP SHAPE
CR’s complete guide to tires and car care includes
money-saving maintenance and repair tips,
tire-buying advice, and exclusive tire ratings.
Properly maintaining your vehicle is the

best way to keep it out of trouble and
maximize its resale value. To do that, you
should have it serviced regularly, following
the maintenance schedule in the owner’s
manual. People often waste money by
changing the oil too frequently, using
premium gasoline when they don’t have to,
or having needless maintenance done.
78
79
6 Car Care and Tires
Ins and Outs

of Car Care
Make Your Car Last
THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES when you Federal law gives you the right to ment and tools. On luxury cars,
should go to an independent repair service your vehicle wherever you like hybrids, or electric vehicles some of
shop instead of a dealership for mainte- without adversely affecting your car’s those tools and equipment can be
nance or repair, the overall advantages warranty coverage. That means you can quite specific.
and disadvantages of each, and some either go to a dealership, or an indepen- No matter where you go for service,
of the ways you can avoid paying more dent mechanic or repair chain, which is make sure the mechanics have access
money than necessary. usually less expensive than a dealership. to the manufacturer’s latest technical
It also includes CR’s’ latest ratings for Drivers who lease their vehicles, how- service bulletins. TSBs are alerts about
tires—which buyers of used cars often ever, might be required to have all ser- common problems that have cropped
have to replace after a purchase—as well vice performed at a franchised dealer- up with a particular model, and instruc-
as expert advice on how to choose the ship selling that brand. tions on how to fix them. TSB repairs
right tires for your vehicle. Because most maintenance items are are often free if you go to a dealership
fairly basic, any professional auto shop to get the work done, or you can
Where to Get Your Car Fixed should be able to do simple mainte- get reimbursed by an automaker if
Maintenance and repairs are two nance—like changing oil or replacing an independent shop does the work.
different things. Routine maintenance brake pads. Repairs can range from replacing a
items are listed in your owner’s manual The best reason to patronize a faulty radiator to complicated service
as part of the service schedule. They’re new-car dealership for service is that the such as overhauling a transmission.
intended to keep your vehicle in top mechanics are trained and certified Go to a dealership if your car is covered
operating condition. Repairs are services in all aspects of your model’s service by the original warranty, or if your
that fix an unexpected problem. Where needs. They are prepared to perform car has been recalled or is the subject
you take your vehicle depends on what recalls, and the shop will be equipped of a “service campaign” in which the
work needs to be done. with the required diagnostic equip- automaker offers to correct a defect.

In that case, you should receive a letter
from the automaker alerting you to
the recall or campaign. If you have an Car Care: Myths vs Reality
extended warranty, check the terms
to see who must perform repairs. These “tips” sound like good advice. But in reality
You can have warranty work performed they’ll cost you more time and money in the long run.
at any same-brand dealership, not just
the one where you bought your vehicle.
For example, if you bought your car
at Yourtown Toyota, you can have it Myth Myth
serviced at Othertown Toyota. Tires should be inflated to If regular-grade fuel is good,
the pressure embossed on the premium must be better.
If the vehicle is out of warranty, the
sidewall of the tire.
type of problem can determine where
you take it for repair. A reputable
independent shop should be able to Reality Reality
handle most common repairs. Shops The tire-pressure value on the Most vehicles are designed to
that specialize in your vehicle’s brand sidewall is the maximum pressure, run just fine on regular-grade
are more likely to have the proper not the vehicle manufacturer’s (87 octane) fuel. A higher
training, equipment, and latest informa- recommended pressure. Always octane number doesn’t mean
use the vehicle manufacturer’s that your vehicle will perform
tion. A good technician will explain
recommended pressure, which is better. It simply means that it’s
to you what the problem is, why it needs determined to provide the best more resistant to engine knocking
repair, and what the repair entails. balance of ride, handling, and or pinging. Use the octane
If you’re experiencing a problem with fuel economy for your vehicle. It’s grade that’s recommended in
a system that is exclusive to your model usually printed on a sticker on your vehicle’s owner’s manual.
a doorjamb, the glove box, or Filling up with a higher grade than
or automaker, such as navigation or
the fuel-filler door. Check your is recommended for your vehicle
multifunction control systems, consider tires monthly against the recom- is usually a waste of money.
taking the vehicle to a dealership. mended pressure when your
car has been at rest for more
Get Your Car to 200,000 Miles than 3 hours.
Years ago, cars only came with five-digit
odometers. The expectation was that
a vehicle wouldn’t last long enough for Myth Myth
it to hit 100,000 miles before succumb- Engine oil should be changed You don’t have to worry about
every 3,000 miles. replacing tires until they’re worn
ing to a major mechanical failure or
down to the minimum tread depth.
severe rust.
Even today, low-mileage cars
command a premium on used-car lots. Reality Reality
But improvements in rust prevention, Although oil companies and quick- It’s true that if a tire’s tread
engine technology, safety features, lube shops like to promote this wears to the minimum depth of
and electronics mean that buyers don’t idea, it’s usually not necessary. Go 2⁄32 inch, it should be replaced.
have to avoid high-mileage cars—and by the recommended oil-change But a tire’s wet grip, snow
schedule in your vehicle’s owner’s traction, and ability to resist
that owners may be able to get 200,000
manual. Most vehicles driven under hydroplaning is very limited
miles or more from a vehicle. That’s normal conditions can go 7,500 at that very low 2⁄32-inch tread
especially true if you start with a
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: GET T Y IMAGES.
miles or more between oil changes. depth. Start shopping for

reliable model and maintain it properly. Some models now come with a replacement tires before yours
monitoring system that alerts the are worn out. At 4⁄32 inch, tires
The Basics: Life Extenders driver when the oil needs changing. still have some all-weather
Depending on driving conditions, grip, which leaves you time to
To improve your odds, start by choos-
these can extend change intervals shop around for the best tire
ing not just a safe and reliable model to 10,000 or 15,000 miles. at the best price.
but also one with all of the features you
want. If you’ll be driving it for the long
haul, it might as well be a car that you
enjoy as the miles and years roll by.

Read the owner’s manual. It’s unusually hot or cold climate, fre- washing—especially if you drive in a
amazing how many people never take quently tow a trailer, or often drive snowy region on salted roads. And
it out of the glove box. Simply familiar- on dirt roads. don’t forget to hose off the underside
izing yourself with the maintenance Newer cars require less service, and wheel wells. Newer cars have
schedule can add years of trouble-free and many specify 7,000 or even strong finishes that don’t need regular
driving. The manual spells out how 10,000 miles between oil changes. waxing to prevent fading paint, but
often your car needs basic services Spark plugs can often last at least regular washing can help prevent rust
such as oil changes and tire rotations, 100,000 miles if not more. Many cars and structural damage.
as well as bigger jobs like timing-belt make it easier for you to keep track
replacements. by calculating when an oil change is Know When to Say Goodbye
Keep on schedule. Forgetting due based on your mileage and driv- Almost any car can make it to
to perform regular oil changes ing style, then letting you know with 200,000 miles if you’re willing to throw
can lead to premature engine wear. a dashboard message when it’s time. enough money at it. But there’s a time
Forget about your timing belt, and your The key is to keep up with what’s to let go.
engine can suffer severe damage. specified. Just remember that some From what we have found, the
When we asked our online readers dealerships and mechanics might add useful life of many cars ends around
how they got to 200,000 miles, an services you don’t need, which can add the 200,000-mile mark. At that point,
overwhelming number mentioned that hundreds of dollars to regular 30,000- key components start showing their
regular oil changes and proper mainte- or 60,000-mile service intervals. For age—often with safety consequences.
nance were important. example, most newer cars have a cabin Also, owning a car that long could
Use the right maintenance air filter. Changing it is easy to do by mean that you’re lacking the latest
schedule. In your manual, you’ll find yourself, and it can refresh the smell of essential safety gear and crash-preven-
schedules for regular and severe/ a car’s interior. Still, a dealership may tion systems.
extreme use, with the latter specifying charge many times the cost of the filter If you reach 200,000 miles, talk
more frequent checkups. Consider to change it for you. with your mechanic about how much
using the severe schedule if you do a Keep it clean. Apart from mechanical life your car has left. And see our
lot of stop-and-go driving, live in an maintenance, keep up with regular related articles in this issue.
in the owner’s manual, some

of them dropped prices as
IT PAYS TO SHOP AROUND much as $150, although others

wouldn’t budge.
Where does that leave con-
Don’t settle for the first estimate you get for a repair. sumers? Before having sched-
uled maintenance performed,
get a quick estimated price
range at cr.org/carrepair,
then call around for quotes
You might expect that service on a 2016 Explorer transmission flushes, which and ask that they include only
the price for, say, a 30,000- from Ford dealers, and a several major automakers items listed in the owner’s
mile service procedure on 120,000-mile service on a 2008 advise against. manual. Anything else should
a specific model would cost Civic from Honda dealers. Others added hundreds be quoted separately.
about the same from one In most areas, prices differ- of dollars to the price of parts, You can also take your
dealership to the next. But ed by about $150 or more, or charged many times the vehicle to independent shops—
you’d be wrong. even among similar dealers in cost of the cabin air filter—a which are often less expensive
We got prices from dealers the same area. In one area, simple part that drivers can than dealerships—without
in New York, Chicago, and the difference was more change themselves. A few compromising your warranty.
Los Angeles on scheduled than $300. Many dealers dealers would not quote pric- In all cases, keep your
maintenance for specific included items not listed in ing over the phone at all. receipts so you can prove the
cars—a 30,000-mile service the owner’s manual. When we called back and service was performed on
on a 2017 Camry from Toyota Some, for example, wanted asked some higher-priced schedule, should there be a
dealers, a 60,000-mile to charge us for engine and dealers to do only the items warranty claim later.

10 RED FLAGS FOR OLDER CARS
If any of these sound like your car, it may be time to replace it.
Getting 200,000 miles of use—or more—from a vehicle is an FAILING OLD SPARK

7 9
impressive feat, but it’s not impossible. Owners should be aware, RADIATOR PLUGS
though, that as a vehicle approaches that milestone, many of What are the warning signs? What are the warning signs?
its components will start to wear out. A failing radiator or thermostat If you haven’t changed the plugs
As your car ages, you’ll start to see some warning signs, or can cause the engine to run in 100,000 miles of use, the
red flags. Pay attention to them and you can avoid the double too hot or eventually overheat. engine runs rough and misfires,
whammy of being stranded and slapped with an expensive, Low fluid levels in the coolant or you have trouble starting
unexpected repair—or you can do the math and decide that reservoir could indicate a leak your car, you should replace the
it’s time for a new car. in the radiator, engine, hoses, spark plugs. Buying the right kind
We calculated the cost to repair certain items in a 2010 Toyota or all three. and getting the right service can
Camry with a four-cylinder engine using the free Consumer Reports Cost to repair: Between improve how the engine runs.
Car Repair Estimator at CR.org/carrepair. We estimated the cost of $870 and $1,350 to replace Cost to repair: $100 to $140 for
repairs in our area on a relatively common vehicle. Your repair costs a radiator and all associated new plugs and labor.
might be different. hoses, with labor.
RUST
10
OIL CONSUMPTION & PAINT
8
- BRAKE SYSTEM AND LEAKS What are the warning signs?
1 4 ELECTRICAL
What are the warning COMPONENTS What are the warning signs? It starts with paint that looks
signs? Check them often as you What are the warning signs? Increased oil consumption is like it is bubbling. Even a little
approach the 200K mark. If you Don’t be surprised if features common in older cars, so don’t blistering around the wheel
live in the snow belt, make sure to such as power windows, wind- panic if your car seems thirstier wells, hood, trunk, or suspen-
check the hard brake lines for rust shield wipers, and even the as it ages. But if you think you’re sion mounting points means
or weak spots. instrument panel go on the fritz. topping off the oil too often, it there could be a serious problem
Cost to repair: According to our Cost to repair: Expect to pay could be a sign of a bigger leak. beneath the surface.
estimator, the job could cost between $550 and $920 for Cost to repair: $240 to almost Cost to repair: It depends on
from $950 to $1,550 for rotors a door window regulator and $3,400 for a leak diagnosis, the extent of the damage. If you
and pads at all four wheels. motor, including labor. new valve cover gasket, oil filter, have rust, get several competing
and oil. estimates on the work.
MECHANICAL MOISTURE
2 5
COMPONENTS BUILDUP
What are the warning signs? What are the warning signs? If
Slow cranking of the engine can it seems that the inside of your
be a sign of a failing battery windshield is always fogging up
or alternator. Don’t go cheap on or you are mysteriously losing
replacement parts in order to coolant, it’s likely that the heater
save a few bucks, or you might core is starting to fail.
end up stranded. Cost to repair: Expect to pay
Cost to repair: According to our between $1,150 and $1,600 for
estimator, a new alternator a new heater core and labor.
can cost from $360 to $770 for
parts and labor. OUTDATED
6
SHOCKS & STRUTS
NOISY EXHAUST What are the warning signs?
3
SYSTEM Does your car bounce up and
What are the warning signs? If down while you drive? Do you
your car is getting louder, your have uneven tire wear? You
exhaust system may be reaching may need new shocks or struts.
the end of its life. Exhaust leaks Cost to repair: Expect to pay
can be dangerous and should be between $1,160 and $1,640 for

repaired at the first sign. front and rear shocks and struts,
Cost to replace: Expect to including installation.
pay between $1,440 and $2,360
for a catalytic converter and
exhaust manifold, including labor.

A Guide to
Replacement Tires
Our Experts Weigh In
WHEN IT COMES TO TIRES, we found evenly. You may even have to prove they tires anyway. So don’t be surprised if
that you generally get what you pay were rotated on schedule. your mileage drops slightly when you
for. No matter the type, tires that com- When replacing tires, we recom- replace worn-out tires with brand-new
bine the best grip with the longest mend sticking to the same type and ones, no matter what kind you buy.
tread life may cost a little more but are size that your car originally came with.
worth the extra money in the long run. First, check the ratings for ones that Stick With Your Speed Rating
For example, a recent test has shown provide good braking and handling If your car came with all-season tires
that long-wearing all-season tires capabilities as well as good hydroplan- with a T- or an H-speed rating (capable
can last as many as 100,000 miles; the ing resistance, which can help you of sustaining a maximum speed of
shortest would need replacing after avoid a crash on wet roads. 118 and 130 mph, respectively), you
50,000 miles. It’s pretty straightfor- After that, look for models rated might be tempted to move up to
ward: Unless you don’t plan to keep a highly in areas important to you, such performance V-rated tires (which are
car for long, A $92 tire that will last as winter grip, tread life, ride comfort, designed for up to 149 mph) for better
more than twice as long as a $54 tire is and rolling resistance. cornering grip and improved hand-
a better value, assuming other factors Some tires advertise better fuel ling. But the trade-off may be shorter
PHOTO: BLOOMBERG/ GET T Y IMAGES
are equal. economy due to lower rolling resis- tread life, and they may not do as well
Although tires promise warranty tance. In our tests, we found that some in winter conditions.
coverage, it may not be as useful as it of these tires allowed our test cars to You might also be tempted to
sounds. Tire warranties are prorated— get one to two more mpg than tires downgrade your tires to a lower speed
meaning only the balance of undriven with the highest rolling resistance. But rating than your original tires to get
miles will be credited toward the cost as your tires lose tread over tens of longer tread life. But we advise against
of a new tire. To collect, the tires have thousands of miles of wear, they be- it because those all-season tires with a
to be totally worn out, and worn out have more like low-rolling resistance lower speed rating may not handle heat

buildup as well—especially when they
are installed on higher-performance WHAT MAKES A TOP TIRE
vehicles. That can be a safety concern.
Our exclusive tests help you save money and stay safe.
In addition, there is very little price
advantage to downgrading in the tire
speed rating. In buying the tires for
our testing program, we saw that
tire size has a greater impact on price
It’s hard to overstate how important WINTER WONDER TIRES?
differences than speed ratings. tires are to safe driving. After all, they’re Many consumers in colder climates
the only part of the car that touches spend time and expense to swap
Know When to Replace the road. That’s why CR puts so much winter/snow tires twice a year to
Tires are one of the few safety-related effort into testing, to help you find the ensure that their vehicles have the
right tires for your car, truck, or SUV. best grip possible.
systems you can specifically choose, and
With the inconvenience of swapping
one of the few that can noticeably change CR’S UNIQUE TESTING in mind, manufacturers have recently
your car’s handling and braking capabili- As the tire market evolves, so do introduced all-weather tires. They’re
ties. Plus, tires can greatly affect how CR’s testing methods. We replaced designed to perform well in the snow
your car rides, and how well it keeps its our basic cornering test with a more and also year-round. Some cost more
dynamic evaluation of acceleration, than the average price of performance
footing on wet roads. As a result, it’s criti-
braking, and handling on a 2-plus-acre all-season tires, but you’ll come out
cal to keep them well maintained and course over wet asphalt. This all-in- ahead by avoiding the cost and
to replace them as they wear out. one test better reflects real-world inconvenience of seasonal tire changes
When your tire has reached a tread challenges drivers face. or owning an extra set of wheels.
depth of 2/32 inch, it is legally worn out Overall, we purchased more than “The best all-weather tires provide
in most states and should be replaced. 530 tires this year for our full test year-round traction that truly
program, covering 53 models for ultra- combines all-season and winter/snow
At that depth the tire’s wet grip, snow
high-performance all-season and performance,” says Gene Petersen,
traction, and ability to resist hydro- summer and performance winter/ CR’s’ tire-program manager. “While
planing is very limited. snow tire. some cost more than performance all-
Consumers should start shopping for We tested them at our track in seasons, they represent a good value.”
tires before they are worn out, when Connecticut for wet and dry braking These do-it-all tires offer unique
and handling, ride comfort and tread designs and enhanced rubber
tread depth approaches 4/32 inch in any
quietness, snow traction, and resistance compounds that increase traction
one groove. That happens to be the to hydroplaning. across a broad range of temperatures.
same distance on a quarter between Our testers evaluated each They’re different from typical all-
George Washington’s head and the edge tire’s grip on ice at a nearby skating rink. season tires mainly because they
of the coin. Put the coin, head down, We also commissioned outside labs to provide better snow traction. For this
measure each tire’s rolling resistance, reason, they have the mountain/
into the tread grooves. If you can see the
which affects fuel economy. Finally, we snowflake symbol on the sidewall,
top of George’s head, your tires still conducted extensive treadwear tests just like winter/snow tires.
have some grip remaining but it’s time on public roads in western Texas. In a recent test, CR evaluated five
to start shopping for replacements. all-weather models: the Goodyear
The single most important step to WARRANTY WORRIES Assurance WeatherReady, Michelin
make your tires last longer and run Most tires meet or exceed their war- CrossClimate +, Nokian WRG4, Toyo
ranty projections in comparison to our Celsius, and Vredestein Quatrac 5.
safely is to keep them inflated to the tread life test results. Even those with From this fresh category, the Michelin
proper pressure. This is especially a shortfall were usually off by a small CrossClimate + shined as the top-
important when temperatures fall, amount. Of course, tread life will vary rated all-weather tire thanks to its
because that’s when tires lose pressure. based on where and how you drive. uncompromising grip. This impressive—
Underinflated tires can wear faster In our ratings, tires that under- but pricey—tire is sold in limited
perform their warranty have points sizes (with more to come) by Tire Rack,
and build up heat, which can contrib-
deducted from their Overall Score. a nationwide tire retailer.
ute to tire failure. Underinflation can (Winter/snow tires don’t carry a
also hurt fuel economy. Recommended mileage warranty and are intended
inflation pressure is found in the for limited, seasonal use, so we don’t
owner’s manual or on a placard that’s assess their tread life.)
usually located on the driver’s door
jamb. Don’t inflate to the number on
the tire’s sidewall, which is the max-
imum inflation pressure.

Know Where to Shop

Compare prices from traditional tire
stores, large retailers, big-box super- How to Read the Writing on
stores, and the internet. We recommend
replacing all four tires at the same Your Tire’s (Side) Walls
time for the best balance of handling
and grip.
Check online first. Retailers such as
All tires have sidewall markings than 149 mph. These speeds may
Tire Rack can ship a large variety of that tell you things like what seem wildly impractical to most
tires, including specialty models. They size they are and how much weight drivers, but the point is that tires
can also direct you to a local installer. they can carry. But these are with higher speed ratings tend
Make sure to get a final price, including just some of the information that to provide better handling
is on the tire sidewall. Here’s what and grip under normal driving
shipping, installation, and any extras.
all of the markings mean: conditions, as well.
Check with local retailers. Ask them
Size. On the example tire, 225 Treadwear grade. This number
whether they can meet or beat online is the cross-section width in milli- is an index to compare treadwear
prices. Ask what they’d charge to mount meters, 40 is the ratio of sidewall between tires. A grade of 300
and balance tires you buy elsewhere. height to its width (40 percent), denotes a tire that will wear three
Check the final price. It should in-
R indicates radial-ply construction, times better than a tire graded
and 18 is the wheel diameter 100. But there’s no direct correla-
clude mounting, balancing, alignment, measured in inches. tion between the grades and a
and disposal of the old tires. Load index. This references the specific mileage.
Tire pressure monitors. Known as weight each tire can carry safely. A Traction and temperature grades.
TPMS, these devices have been stan- 92 load index translates to 1,389 They denote a tire’s wet-stopping
dard equipment in all new cars since pounds per tire, typical for this type ability and temperature resistance.
of tire. When replacing your tires, For traction, AA is best; C is worst.
2008, and have improved fuel economy
be sure to match or increase the For temperature, grades range
and safety by reducing the number of original load index rating. from A (best) to C.
underinflated tires on the road. Speed rating. A letter denotes DOT code. On the tire below,
TPMS comes in two forms: direct and the tire’s maximum sustainable the first two digits refer to the plant
indirect. Direct systems rely on sensors speed. For S-speed-rated tires, where the tire was made, and the
it’s 112 mph; for T, 118 mph. Speed last four numbers refer to the week
that monitor tire pressure and send
ratings for other tires include Q, and year. The numbers are used
that data to the car’s instrument panel. 99 mph; H, 130 mph; V, 149 mph; W, to identify the tire in the event
These sensors may wear out and need 168 mph; Y, 186 mph; and ZR, more of a recall.
to be replaced. Indirect systems use the
antilock brake systems to measure
wheel speed and interpret the pressure.
Traction and
They don’t use pressure sensors and Temperature
therefore can not display pressure. Grades
Most cars on the road today have direct Treadwear Load
Grade
TPMS. If the in-wheel sensors need Index
Size
to be replaced, expect to pay $30 or Speed
more per sensor. T RA C T I O N A A - T E Rating
3 00 - MP E
0 R
R RA
18 9
EA
4
Check for some extras. An offer of
T
DW UR
/
EA E
A
TR
free lifetime tire rotations or replace-
25 2Y
ment road-hazard guarantee may tilt M6 R V T HR 2 31 8
D OT
2
the scales to one retailer over another—
especially if those tires are expensive
to begin with.
If you choose to fill your tires with
nitrogen, make sure they are refilled

with nitrogen each time. In addition,
like air, nitrogen pressure will drop as
seasonal temperatures fall. Based
on our tests, we don’t think it is worth
paying for nitrogen.

Ratings Tires 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
WORSE BET TER RECOMMENDED
ALL-SEASON
These are the most popular type of tires. Standard on many sedans emphasize a comfortable and quiet ride, predictable handling,
and minivans, they’re designed to handle most conditions—including and long wear. That makes them a sound choice for most drivers. All
wet and dry pavement and light snow—reasonably well. They also of the models we tested are T- or H-speed rated (118 or 130 mph).
Overall Speed Three-Season Snow

Brand & Model Comfort Other
Score Rating Driving Driving
Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
!
0 General Altimax RT43 70 T 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 80,000
!
0 Michelin Defender T+H 67 H 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 90,000
Continental
TrueContact Tour
66 T 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 95,000
Falken Sincera SN201 A/S 66 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 80,000
Falken Sincera SN250 A/S 66 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 80,000
Nexen Aria AH7 66 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 90,000
Yokohama Avid Ascend 65 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 100,000
BFGoodrich Advantage
T/A Sport
63 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 75,000
General Altimax RT43
Hankook Kinergy PT 63 T 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 80,000
Kumho Solus TA11 61 T 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 75,000
Pirelli P4 Four Seasons
Plus
60 T 4
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 85,000
Bridgestone Ecopia
EP422 Plus
60 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 70,000
Toyo Versado Noir 60 H 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 75,000
Firestone Champion
Fuel Fighter
58 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 60,000
Firestone All Season 58 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 60,000
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Touring
58 T 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 75,000
Michelin Defender T+H

Kelly Edge A/S 56 H 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 60,000
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Touring
56 H 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 70,000
Sumitomo HTR Enhance
L/X
54 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 65,000
Sentury Touring 53 H 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 50,000
Milestar MS932 Sport 50 H 4

0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 1
0 3
0 2
0 2
0 55,000
Westlake Radial RP18 49 H 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 55,000
Continental TrueContact Tour

Ratings Tires
PERFORMANCE ALL-SEASON (INCLUDES ALL-WEATHER)

These tires are a step up in price from regular all-seasons, up to 149 mph and are popular as original equipment tires on
with an added emphasis on handling. V-speed rated a number of new vehicles. Tires with a are all-weather tires,
performance all-season tires are rated for sustained speeds which provide better snow traction than all-season tires.

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
!
0 Michelin CrossClimate + ⁄ 75 W 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 75,000
!
0
Continental
PureContact LS
71 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 90,000
General Altimax RT43 66 V 4

0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 70,000
Goodyear Assurance
WeatherReady ⁄
64 V 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 75,000
Michelin Premier A/S 64 V 4

0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 80,000
Pirelli Cinturato P7
All Season Plus
64 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 70,000
Vredestein Quatrac 5 ⁄ 62 V 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 50,000
Atlas Force HP 61 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 65,000
Michelin CrossClimate +
Falken Sincera SN250 A/S 61 V 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 75,000
BFGoodrich Advantage
T/A Sport
60 V 4
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 80,000
Firestone Firehawk AS 60 V 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 60,000
Nokian WRG4 ⁄ 59 V 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 60,000
Yokohama Avid Ascend 59 V 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 75,000
Bridgestone Turanza
Serenity Plus
59 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 65,000
Goodyear Eagle Sport
All-Season
58 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 80,000
Bridgestone DriveGuard 56 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 55,000
Continental Uniroyal Tiger Paw AWP3 56 V 4

0 1
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 65,000
PureContact LS
Nokian Entyre 2.0 55 V 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 70,000
Cooper CS5
Ultra Touring
55 V 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 60,000
Kumho Solus TA71 54 V 4

0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 50,000
Toyo Extensa HP II 54 V 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 55,000
Sumitomo HTR
Enhance L/X
53 V 5
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 65,000
Toyo Celsius ⁄ 53 V 3
0 1
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 60,000
Falken Ziex ZE950 A/S 51 V 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 55,000
Maxxis Bravo HP-M3 46 V 3

0 1
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 1
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 65,000
General Altimax RT43
88 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS ⁄ All-weather tires, which provide better snow traction than all-season tires.
1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE ALL-SEASON
These tires come in a number of speed ratings: ZR (above in addition to modest snow traction. In general, these tires
149 mph), W (168 mph), and Y (186 mph). They are all-season are available in sizes found on sports cars as well as
tires that offer high levels of dry and wet grip and handling, on performance-tuned versions of more mainstream cars.

Tested tread life

Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
Handling
Rolling
(Miles)
Noise
Ride
!
0
Goodyear Eagle
Exhilarate
68 Y 4
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 45,000
!
0
Michelin Pilot Sport
A/S 3+
66 Y 5
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 55,000
!
0 General G-MAX AS-05 66 W 5
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 65,000
BFGoodrich g-Force
COMP-2 A/S
66 W 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 1
0 2
0 65,000
!
0 Vredestein Quatrac Pro 66 Y 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 60,000
Pirelli P Zero
All Season Plus
64 Y 4
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 55,000
Continental
ExtremeContact DWS06
64 Y 4
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 50,000
Bridgestone Potenza
RE980AS
63 W 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 40,000
Goodyear Eagle
Exhilarate Kumho Ecsta PA51 62 W 4
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 50,000
Cooper Zeon RS3-G1 61 Y 4

0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 55,000
Yokohama ADVAN
Sport A/S
60 Y 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 5
0 3
0 75,000
Hankook Ventus S1
noble 2
57 W 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 55,000
Nexen Nfera AU7 56 W 4

0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 45,000
Nitto Motivo 54 W 4
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 60,000
Atlas Force UHP 54 Y 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 1
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 40,000
Nokian zLine A/S 50 W 4

0 2
0 3
0 5
0 1
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 55,000
Michelin Pilot Sport

Laufenn S Fit AS 50 W 4
0 1
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 60,000
A/S 3+ Vogue Tyre Signature V 49 W 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 45,000
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
GTZ A/S 2
48 W 4
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 35,000
Ironman iMove
Gen2 AS
48 W 5
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 1
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 35,000
Sumitomo HTR A/S PO2 47 W 4

0 2
0 3
0 5
0 1
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 35,000
GT Radial Champiro
UHP AS
45 Y 4
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 1
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 40,000
General G-MAX AS-05

Ratings Tires
ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE SUMMER
These come in a number of speed ratings: ZR (above 149 mph), but they are not suited for cold and winter weather conditions.
W (168 mph), and Y (186 mph). However, UHP Summer tires offer the These tires are also available in sizes found on sports cars as well as
ultimate in terms of dry and wet grip and handling performance on performance-tuned versions of more mainstream cars.
Overall Speed
Brand & Model Three-Season Driving Comfort Other
Score Rating
Tested tread life

Hydroplaning
Wet braking
Dry braking
resistance
Handling
Rolling
(miles)
Noise
Ride
0
! Michelin Pilot Sport 4s 76 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 40,000
0
Continental ExtremeContact
! Sport
75 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 5
0 3
0 40,000
0
! General G-Max RS 75 Y 5
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 45,000
Pirelli P Zero PZ4 73 Y 5

0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 5
0 2
0 30,000
Falken Azenis FK510 73 Y 5

0 4
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 5
0 2
0 35,000
Yokohama Advan Fleva V701 72 W 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 55,000
GT Radial Champiro HPY 71 Y 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 5
0 2
0 45,000
Dunlop Sport Maxx RT2 71 Y 5

0 4
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 35,000
Michelin Pilot Sport 4s
Firestone Firehawk Indy 500 70 W 5
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 40,000
Hankook Ventus V12 evo2 70 Y 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 40,000
Bridgestone Potenza S007A 67 Y 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 1
0 4
0 2
0 40,000
Bridgestone Potenza S001 67 Y 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 35,000
Bridgestone RE-71R 67 Y 5
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 2
0 25,000
Nexen N Fera SU1 66 Y 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 40,000
Toyo Proxes Sport 66 Y 5

0 4
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 30,000
Yokohama ADVAN Sport
V105
65 Y 5
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 1
0 4
0 1
0 40,000
Continental Sumitomo HTR ZIII 63 Y 5

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 40,000
ExtremeContact Sport
Yokohama S.drive 60 W 5
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 40,000
Sentury UHP 59 W 5
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 60,000
Achilles ATR Sport 58 W 5

0 3
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 45,000
BFGoodrich g-Force Sport
COMP-2
58 W 5
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 2
0 1
0 40,000
Nitto NT555 G2 58 W 4
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 65,000
Armstrong Blu-Trac HP 57 Y 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 40,000
General G-Max RS

1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
WINTER/SNOW
Winter/snow tires offer superior grip to go, stop, and corner in cold, into snow and ice, and the rubber is formulated to stay pliable at
inclement weather. But they typically have faster tread wear than freezing temperatures. Also, winter/snow tires generally take longer
all-season tires because the tread is specifically designed to bite to stop than all-season tires on cleared roads.
Overall Speed Snow

Score Rating Driving
Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
Cooper Discoverer
!
0 True North
70 H 2
0 1
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 NA
Hankook Winter
!
0 I*cept iZ2
70 T 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 5
0 NA
Continental
!
0 WinterContact SI
69 H 2
0 1
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 NA
!
0 Michelin X-Ice XI3 68 H 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 NA
Nokian
!
0 Hakkapeliitta R3
68 R 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 NA
General Altimax Arctic 12 67 T 2

0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 NA
Bridgestone
Blizzak WS80
67 H 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 NA
Nexen Winguard Ice Plus 66 T 2

0 1
0 1
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 NA
Cooper Discoverer
True North Falken HS449 Eurowinter 64 H 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 NA
Dunlop Winter Maxx 2 63 T 2

0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 1
0 3
0 NA
Toyo Observe G3-Ice 62 T 2

0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 1
0 5
0 NA
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Ice & Snow 3
61 T 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 NA
BFGoodrich Winter
T/A KSI
61 T 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 NA
Yokohama
Ice Guard iG52c
60 T 2
0 1
0 1
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 1
0 4
0 NA
Falken Espia EPZ II 60 T 2

0 1
0 1
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 NA
Hankook Winter
I*cept iZ2
Continental
WinterContact SI

Ratings Tires
PERFORMANCE WINTER
Performance winter/snow tires are designed to be seasonal replace- But they typically have faster tread wear than all-season tires.
ments on cars that use UHP all-season and summer tires. They In addition, winter/snow tires generally take longer to stop than
have superior grip to go, stop, and corner in cold, inclement weather. all-season tires on cleared roads.

Tested tread life

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
Handling
Rolling
(miles)
Noise
Ride
!
0 Vredestein Wintrac Pro 78 W 4
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 2
0 NA
!
0 Michelin Pilot Alpin PA4 72 V 4
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 NA
Nexen Winguard Sport 2 71 V 3

0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 NA
Yokohama Blue Earth
Winter V905
70 W 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 NA
Hankook Winter i*cept
evo2
70 V 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 NA
Bridgestone Blizzak
LM001
67 V 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 NA
Toyo Observe GSi-6 HP 66 V 3

0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 NA
Pirelli Winter Sottozero 3 66 V 4

0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 NA
Vredestein Wintrac Pro
Michelin Pilot Alpin PA4
Nexen Winguard Sport 2
92 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS ⁄ All-weather tires, which provide better snow traction than all-season tires.
1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
ALL-SEASON TRUCK
These tires are very big sellers and have characteristics similar off-road use, but that’s something few SUV drivers ever do. Tested
to those for all-season car tires. They aren’t designed for serious models are designed for light-duty SUVs and pickup trucks.
Overall Speed Winter

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
0 4 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
Continental CrossContact
! LX20 EcoPlus
74 T 4 65,000
0
! Michelin Premier LTX 74 H 4 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
5 40,000
0
! Firestone Destination LE 2 72 S 3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
4 65,000
0 4 0
0 3 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
5 0
Pirelli Scorpion Verde
! All Season Plus
72 T 4 65,000
0
! Michelin Defender LTX M/S 72 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
4 85,000
Cooper Discoverer SRX 70 T 3 0

0 3 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 55,000
General Grabber HTS60 70 T 4 0

0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
3 65,000
Kumho Crugen HT51 68 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
5 60,000
Continental
CrossContact LX20
EcoPlus
Hankook Dynapro HT 68 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
4 70,000
Nexen Roadian HTX RH5 68 H 4 0

0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
4 70,000
Laufenn X Fit HT 68 T 4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
4 70,000
3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
Goodyear Wrangler
Fortitude HT
68 T 4 65,000
Bridgestone Dueler LTH 66 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
3 75,000
Nokian WR G3 SUV 66 V 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
5 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
5 55,000
3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
Bridgestone Dueler H/L
Alenza Plus
66 T 4 65,000
GT Radial Savero HT2 66 S 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
2 0
5 0
5 65,000
3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Uniroyal Laredo Cross
Country Tour
64 T 3 65,000
Michelin Premier LTX Maxxis 770 Bravo H/T 64 S 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
4 60,000
Falken WildPeak H/T HT01 64 T 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
4 80,000
4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
Yokohama Geolandar
H/T G056
64 T 3 70,000
3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
Nitto Dura Grappler
Highway Terrain
62 T 3 70,000
Fuzion SUV 62 T 4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
4 70,000
Sumitomo Encounter HT 62 T 3 0
0 1 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 75,000
Toyo Open Country H/T 56 S 3 0

0 1 0
3 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 65,000
Firestone Destination LE 2

Ratings Tires 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
ALL-TERRAIN TRUCK
Similar to all-season truck tires, these models have similar come with added noise. Tested models are designed for light-duty
characteristics to all-season car tires, but offer some off-road grip as SUVs and pickup trucks.
well. The trade-off with these is that the off-road performance may
Overall Speed Winter

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Ride comfort
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
0 4 0
0 3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
Continental
! TerrainContact A/T
72 S 2 65,000
0
! Michelin LTX A/T 2 72 S 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
5 85,000
0 4 0
0 3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Goodyear Wrangler
! TrailRunner AT
68 T 3 50,000
0 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Yokohama Geolandar
! A/T G015
68 T 2 60,000
0 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Nexen Roadian AT Pro
! RA8
68 S 3 75,000
0 3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
2 0
Falken WildPeak A/T
! AT3W
68 T 3 70,000
Nokian Rotiiva AT 66 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 60,000
Laufenn X Fit AT 66 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 75,000
Continental
TerrainContact A/T Hankook Dynapro AT-M 66 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
4 85,000
Pirelli Scorpion ATR 66 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 60,000
Cooper Discoverer A/T3 64 T 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 60,000
Cooper Discoverer A/TW 64 S 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
3 55,000
Firestone Destination A/T 64 S 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 55,000
4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
2 0
Toyo Open Country
A/T II
62 S 3 75,000
GT Radial Adventuro AT3 62 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 55,000
Maxxis 771 Bravo A/T 60 S 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
1 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
3 65,000
Michelin LTX A/T 2

Kumho Road Venture AT51 58 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 45,000
HOW WE TEST: Overall Score is based grip, steering feel, and an emergency are evaluated subjectively, on
on up to one dozen tests, with braking, handling maneuver. Hydroplaning rough and smooth roads. Rolling
handling, and hydroplaning resistance denotes a tire’s ability to resist skim- resistance, as measured on a
more heavily weighted for most tires. ming along the surface of standing dynamometer, is a factor in fuel
Braking tests on ice are from 10 mph; water. Snow traction tests denote how economy. Tread life indicates
on dry and wet pavement from 60 mph. far a vehicle has to travel to accelerate wear potential from our mixed
Handling for many tires combines how from 5 to 20 mph on flat, moderately driving test of up to 20,000 miles.
well a tire did in wet and dry cornering packed snow. Ride comfort and Noise
Goodyear Wrangler
TrailRunner AT

MEMBERSHIP BENEFIT
POWERFUL STORIES
CAN INSPIRE CHANGE
Share Your Story™ is a way that members can

share personal stories or read one that they can relate to.
If you had an experience where you think a product was defective, a service under-
delivered, or a business practice was misleading, we want to hear from you.
Check out Share Your Story™ at cr.org/membership
UCG01SS
CR’S
USED-CAR
DIRECTORY
Get insights, reliability ratings, safety data, and more.
Here, you will find profiles of 284 vehicles,

covering the major models made
from 2010 through 2019 Each includes
a review by CR’s auto experts, typical
price ranges for each model year, crash-
test results, available safety features,
and other data. For most models, you’ll
also find a detailed reliability history
chart that provides an overall reliability
verdict for each model year—information
that can help you avoid buying a
problem-prone vehicle.
96
97
User’s Guide to Vehicle Profiles
1. The “Good Bet” Reliability 6. Reliability History

symbol is given to models Ratings Key
2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0
For each model year, where
WORSE BET TER
that have consistently available, this chart
done well in our tests and details the problems in 17
have had consistently trouble spots. See the
above-average reliability. facing page for details on
1 interpreting these charts.
The Used-Car Verdict sums
up the overall reliability
2. Overview
of each model year. The
This assessment by
year a model was re-
CR’s auto experts is based
designed is noted in Red.
on testing and research
These charts are based
through the years covered.
on about 420,000
responses to our most
recent Annual Auto
2 Survey. Consumer Reports
3. Redesign/Freshening members reported on
Here we note the model any problems they had
year or years that the with their vehicles during
vehicle was introduced or the previous 12 months,
received significant design considered serious
changes. In between major 3-5 because of cost, failure,
redesigns, a model typically safety, or downtime, in
remains the same from any of the trouble spots
7 included in the table on
year to year, sometimes
with minor changes in the facing page. Because
styling, trim, features, or high-mileage cars tend
the powertrain. to encounter more
6 problems than low-mileage
4. Safety Equipment cars, problem rates are
We note here the standardized to minimize
availability of side and differences due to mileage.
head-protection airbags,
antilock brakes (ABS), and 7. Prices
electronic stability control 8 Prices are an estimate
(ESC). Starting in 2012, all of the current used price
passenger vehicles have range for the years the
standard ABS and ESC. model was available.
5. Drive Wheels
This tells you whether a
vehicle uses front-wheel
drive, rear-wheel drive, 8. Crash-Test Results
four-wheel drive, or Where available, we Acceptable, Marginal,
all-wheel drive. 4WD is include frontal- and side- and Poor. Starting with
available as a part-time, crash results from the the 2011 model year the
permanent, or selectable National Highway Traffic NHTSA revised its testing
system. Both permanent Safety Administration methods to be more
and selectable can be and offset-frontal crash stringent. Therefore, the
engaged in full-time 4WD results from the Insurance 2011 and later crash-test
all the time. Part-time Institute for Highway results are not comparable
4WD can’t be used on dry Safety. The IIHS uses a with those of the 2010
pavement. AWD is similar four-point scale: Good, and earlier models.
to full-time 4WD, except it
doesn’t include low-range
gearing, which is most
important for serious off-
road driving.

How to Read Newer vehicles should engine computer, fuel
the Charts have few, if any, prob- cap, fuel gauge/sender,
To check on the lems and score all 5’s. fuel injection system, The Numbers Behind
reliability history of a In some cases a model fuel pump. Reliability Ratings
particular year’s model, may score 4 and 5 Electrical: Alternator,
start with the Used-Car in most categories, but starter, hybrid/electric

Average Percentage of Cars
Verdict. This score shows the verdict is a 3 or battery replacement, With a Reported Issue
whether the model had lower because it still has hybrid/electric battery
more or fewer problems more problems than the and related systems, Trouble
overall than the average average model overall. regular battery, battery Spots
model of that year, A column of asterisks (*) cables, engine harness, 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
calculated from the total indicates that there coil, ignition switch, Engine Major 2 2 2 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1
number of problems is insufficient data for electronic ignition, spark
reported by members that year. plugs and wires failure. Engine Minor 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1
in all trouble spots. Climate system: Engine Cooling 1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Because problems with What the Trouble Blower (fan) motor, A/C
Trans. Major
the engine, major; engine Spots Include compressor, condenser,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1
cooling; transmission, Engine, major: Engine evaporator, heater Trans. Minor 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 <1
major; and drive system rebuild or replacement, system, automatic Drive System 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 <1
can be serious and cylinder head, head climate control,
Fuel System 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 <1 <1
expensive to repair, our gasket, turbo or refrigerant leakage,
calculations give extra supercharger, timing electrical failure. Electrical 2 2 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
weight to problems in chain or timing belt. Suspension: Shocks
Climate Syst. 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 <1
those areas. Engine, minor: Oil or or struts, ball joints, tie
Suspension 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 <1
To see a model’s fuel leaks, accessory rods, wheel bearings,
individual strengths and belts and pulleys, engine alignment, steering Brakes 4 5 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 <1
weaknesses, look at the computer, engine linkage (includes rack and Exhaust 1 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
individual scores for mounts, engine knock pinion), power steering
each of the 17 trouble or ping. (pumps and hoses, Paint/Trim 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 <1
spots. The chart on the Engine, cooling: leaks), wheel balance, Noises & Leaks 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
right shows the average Radiator, cooling fan, springs or torsion bars,
Body Hardware 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
problem rates for all antifreeze leaks, water bushings, electronic or air
models in the survey in pump, thermostat, suspension. Power Equip. 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1
each trouble spot by year. overheating. Brakes: Premature In-car
3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 2
Scores for each profile Transmission, major: wear, pulsation or Electronics
reliability chart are based Transmission rebuild vibration, squeaking,
on the percentage of or replacement, torque master cylinder, calipers, The chart above shows the average rates
survey respondents converter, premature rotors, antilock brake of problems in each trouble spot by model
who reported problems clutch replacement. system (ABS), parking year for all vehicles in CR’s Annual Auto
for that trouble spot, Transmission, minor: brake, brake failure. Survey. This is the basis for the Reliability
compared with that year’s Gear selector or Exhaust: Muffler, History charts that appear in the profiles.
average model. linkage, coolers and pipes, catalytic converter, For example, 2 percent of 2011 models
Models that score a lines, rough shifting, exhaust manifold, leaks. had Engine Minor problems on average.
1 are not necessarily slipping transmission, Paint/trim: Paint The Acura TSX on the facing page scores
unreliable, but suffer a leaks, transmission (fading, chalking, a 5 (Much Better Than Average) because
higher rate of problems computer, transmission cracking, peeling), loose 0.0 percent of the 2011 TSX had a problem
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPREAD: IMAGE SOURCE/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
than the average model. sensor or solenoid, trim or moldings, rust. in this area.
Similarly, models that clutch adjustment, Noises/leaks: Squeaks In 2017, the average rate of problems with
score a 5 are not hydraulics (clutch master or rattles, seals, and/or Power Equipment was 2 percent.
necessarily problem-free, or slave cylinder). weather stripping, air or Because 15.8 percent of 2017 Alfa Romeo
but had relatively few Drive system: water leaks, wind noise. Giulia were reported to have a problem
problems compared with Driveshaft or axle, Body hardware: in this category, it has a score of 1 (Much
other models. CV joint, differential, Windows, locks and Worse Than Average).
Because problem rates transfer case, 4WD/AWD latches, tailgate, hatch
in some trouble spots components, driveline or trunk, doors or sliding
are very low, we do not vibration, traction doors, mirrors, seat
assign a 1 or a 2 unless control, electronic controls, safety belts, module, keyless entry, security system.
the model’s problem rate stability control (ESC), sunroof, convertible top, wiper motor or washer, In-car electronics:
exceeds 3 percent. If electrical failure. glass defect. tire pressure monitor, Audio system, enter-
a problem rate is below Fuel system: Sensors Power equipment interior or exterior tainment system,
2 or 1 percent, it will (includes O₂ or oxygen and accessories: Cruise light, horn, gauges, 12V navigation system, back-
be assigned a 4 or sensor), emission control control, clock, warning power plug, remote up camera/sensors,
a 5 respectively. devices (includes EGR), lights, body control engine start, alarm or communication system.

A 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Acura ILX Acura MDX
Introduced in 2013, Acura’s entry-level luxury compact shares its The MDX has always been among the better SUVs, with a strong,
underpinnings with the Honda Civic. But the ILX has different refined powertrain and a very functional seven-passenger interior.
suspension tuning, as well as fancier features and nicer interior The 2007 redesign was a significant improvement, and included a
materials. Early models were available three different four-cylinder 300-hp V6. The cabin is well-appointed and quiet, but road noise
engines : a 2.0-liter base, 1.5-liter hybrid, and a higher-performance is noticeable. The ride is firm but composed. Handling is responsive
2.4-liter. The base engine and five-speed automatic work very well. and the MDX is mostly agile. A welcome feature is a split third-row
The 2016 freshening included a standard dual-clutch transmission, seat that folds flat into the floor. The 2014 redesign had less road
which is clunky and reluctant to downshift. Handling is sound, but noise, but the dashboard became confusingly crowded with buttons.
the ride is stiff and choppy, road noise is pronounced, and the drivers The small third-row seat is best for kids. In the most recent redesign,
seat lacks lower back support, all of which undermine the ILX’s Acura added a nine-speed automatic that isn’t always smooth or
pretense of affordable luxury. responsive, and a tricky-to-use pushbutton gear selector. The ride is
still quiet, but handling is a bit more mundane, though secure.
Redesign/Freshening: 2013, 2016.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2016.
standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB optional from 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: Front. standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB optional from 2016.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
REL I ABIL I T Y HISTORY PRICES REL I ABIL I T Y HISTORY PRICES

2010 - 2010 $10,200 - $11,400
Trouble Acura ILX Trouble Acura MDX
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $11,400 - $12,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,800 - $14,400
Engine, Major
* * *5
0 * * * 2013 $10,400 - $11,700 Engine, Major 4
0102
0305
0505
0505
050 2013 $14,500 - $16,700
Engine Minor
* * *5
0 * * * 2014 $12,300 - $14,000 Engine Minor 1
0102
0505
0405
0505
050 2014 $18,000 - $21,200
2015 $13,700 - $15,400 2015 $18,900 - $22,800
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0 * * * 2016 $15,600 - $17,900
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $21,700 - $26,200
Trans. Major
* * *5
0 * * * 2017 $17,300 - $18,800
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0502
0505
050
2017 $26,100 - $34,500
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0 * * * 2018 $18,600 - $20,800
Trans. Minor 4
0504
0403
0401
0204
030 2018 $31,600 - $41,000
Drive System
* * *4
0 * * * 2019 $20,300 - $22,900
Drive System 3
0505
0405
0504
0403
030 2019 $36,500 - $46,600
Fuel System
* * *5
0 * * * Fuel System 3
0505
0505
0504
0304
040
Electrical
* * *5
0 * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 4
0404
0505
0405
0505
050 CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst.
* * *5
0 * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
0304
0505
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * *2
0 * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 2
0303
0202
0304
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * *5
0 * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes 5
0404
0503
0503
0505
040 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * *5
0 * * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * *5
0 * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 3
0404
0504
0504
0405
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * *2
0 * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 4
0504
0501
0504
0301
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * *5
0 * * * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0404
040 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * *4
0 * * * Power Equip. 5
0404
0404
0202
0101
040
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * *3
0 * * * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0503
0202
0103
0201
030
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * *4
0 * * * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 4
0304
0404
0301
0101
010 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

A
Acura RDX Acura RL, RLX
Derived from the Honda CR-V, the RDX bowed in 2007 as a small, While quiet and refined, the RL has always trailed its German
all-wheel-drive upscale SUV. First generation models have a 2.3-liter competitors in performance. Overall, we liked the RL’s roomy cabin,
turbocharged four-cylinder that either hesitates or bursts forward comfortable ride, sound handling, and exceptional brakes. But it
with power, and lacks the refinement of a V6. Handling is relatively lacked expected features such as dual-zone climate control and
agile, but the ride is way too stiff, and road noise is pronounced. other niceties. A 2005 redesign brought more horsepower and a
Because of this we would avoid the first-generation RDX. The 2013 switch to standard all-wheel drive. Handling and ride comfort still
and later models are much better, with a roomier interior and a didn’t match other sports luxury sedan peers, although the 2009
smooth, powerful V6 coupled with a six-speed automatic. The ride update helped. The interior was nicely finished but cramped for a
improved and the interior is better trimmed. Updated for 2016, big car. For 2014, the redesigned version arrived as the RLX and
the RDX gained more safety features as well as Acura’s overly- came with front-wheel drive and a V6 engine. It is a roomy sedan
complicated dual-screen infotainment system. Other changes and has a smooth powertrain, but demerits include clumsy handling,
included a minimal bump in horsepower and slightly improved a jittery ride, and confusing controls. The hybrid version is all-wheel
highway fuel economy figures. drive only.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2013, 2019. Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2014.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB optional from 2016. standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2006.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2010 $8,700 - $9,700 2010 $8,900 - $9,500
Trouble Acura RDX Trouble Acura RL, RLX
Spots 2011 $9,900 - $10,900 Spots 2011 $10,600 - $11,100
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,000 - $12,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,100 - $14,300
Engine, Major 5
050 *5
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 $13,300 - $15,100 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor 5
050 *5
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 $15,100 - $16,600 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2014 $15,100 - $18,100
2015 $17,500 - $18,600 2015 $17,200 - $19,800
Engine Cooling 5
040 *5
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $19,400 - $24,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $19,800 - $24,800
Trans. Major 5
050 *5
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $22,300 - $27,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $26,300 - $32,500
Trans. Minor 1
030 *3
0404
0504
0505
0 2018 $26,900 - $34,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2018 $33,800 - $38,600
Drive System 2
050 *4
0405
0505
0505
0 2019 $32,500 - $40,700
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2019 $41,500 - $46,400
Fuel System 5
040 *5
0505
0505
0505
0 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * *
Electrical 5
030 *5
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * * * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst. 3
010 *4
0204
0405
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
030 *1
0304
0405
0505
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
050 *3
0303
0304
0503
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
040 *5
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
030 *5
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
010 *4
0304
0405
0404
0 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
030 *5
0505
0505
0505
0 2015 Good 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 3
010 *4
0404
0504
0504
0 Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * *
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
050 *4
0504
0504
0401
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
030 4
0405
0404
0501
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * * * 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

A 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Acura TL ! Good Bet Acura TLX
Starting in 2009, the third-generation TL was basically a fancier Acura’s best sedan doesn’t quite measure up to the competition. It’s
Honda Accord V6. Spacious and well-finished, the TL featured a available with either a four- or a six-cylinder engine; all-wheel drive is
refined drivetrain and competent, but not sporty, handling. We only available with the V6. The 2.4-liter uses an eight-speed automatic
were less impressed with the 2009 redesign. Although overall it is that delivers quick, direct shifts and contributes to the very good 27
a fine car, it doesn’t stand out among sporty midsize sedans in any mpg overall. The V6 is a gem, with plenty of power, but its nine-speed
category other than reliability. The cabin is well finished but road automatic shifts roughly and uses an annoying pushbutton shifter.
noise intrudes and the dash is cluttered with buttons. The front seats Handling is responsive, but not sporty, although the ride is quite
are comfortable but the rear is cramped. Our tested FWD, 3.5-liter comfortable. The cabin is quiet, but rear-seat room is so-so. Featuring
V6 returned 24 mpg overall with the six-speed automatic. It had taut two different screens, the infotainment system is unintuitive to use. A
handling and a compliant, if firm, ride. But we found the steering generous roster of advanced safety systems includes forward collision
vague and lacking feedback. AWD was available with the 3.7-liter warning, automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning, and
V6. 2014 was the last year for the TL. blind spot warning. A 2018 update made the AcuraWatch suite of
safety equipment standard, as well as adding a few luxury features.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2015.
standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB optional from 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2015, standard from 2018.

2010 $8,800 - $9,900 2010 -
Trouble Acura TL Trouble Acura TLX
Spots 2011 $9,800 - $11,200 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,800 - $13,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 4
0 *4
0505
0 2013 $11,900 - $16,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Minor 5
0 *3
0405
0 2014 $13,300 - $17,900 Engine Minor 5
0505
0405
0 2014 -
2015 - 2015 $15,100 - $18,700
Engine Cooling 5
0 *5
0505
0
2016 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0
2016 $17,300 - $21,400
Trans. Major 5
0 *5
0505
0
2017 -
Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
0
2017 $19,300 - $25,300
Trans. Minor 4
0 *4
0505
0 2018 -
Trans. Minor 1
0105
0405
0 2018 $22,500 - $32,300
Drive System 5
0 *3
0505
0 2019 -
Drive System 4
0205
0505
0 2019 $26,200 - $35,700
Fuel System 5
0 *5
0505
0 Fuel System 5
0402
0405
0
Electrical 4
0 *5
0505
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0 *5
0405
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0204
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0 *3
0304
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 5
0505
0505
0
2010 - - -
Brakes 3
0 *5
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 4
0404
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0 *5
0505
0 2012 Good 4/3 3/4
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0 *3
0504
0 2013 Good 4/3 3/4 Paint/Trim 5
0305
0505
0 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 4
0 *5
0504
0 2014 Good 4/3 3/4 Noises & Leaks 4
0305
0505
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 4
0 *5
0505
0 2015 - - - Body Hardware 5
0405
0505
0 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 5
0 *5
0505
0 Power Equip. 5
0202
0305
0
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0 *4
0505
0
2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 3
0103
0205
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0 5
0505
0 2019 - - - Verdict 3
0103
0303
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

A
Acura TSX ! Good Bet Alfa Romeo Giulia
Acura’s entry-level TSX first arrived for 2004. Though not as exciting The Giulia is Alfa’s entry in the compact-luxury-sport-sedan
to drive as the best sports sedans, it was certainly more agile than segment. It corners and steers like a sports car, making it fun to
a Honda Accord. Our major beef was the stiff ride. The powertrain drive. The 280-hp, 2.0-liter turbo four is mated to an eight-speed
was very smooth, and the four-cylinder engine returned good fuel automatic and provides punchy acceleration even in the all-wheel-
economy. Interior fit and finish is impressive, and the controls are drive version. Ride comfort is civilized even though it has a firm edge.
logically arranged, but the rear seat is not that roomy. The TSX is an Fuel economy at 27 mpg overall is one of the best in the class. The
excellent used-car alternative to a new small sedan because it came interior is attractive with matte wood and nicely textured surfaces
with standard electronic stability control. 2009 brought a much- but cheap switchgear detracts. The infotainment system is too
improved, all-new model that was roomier, quieter, and enjoyable convoluted and distracting. Seat comfort is compromised by a short
to drive thanks to its mildly sporty character. The front seats are cushion and limited range of adjustments. The trunk is small. The
comfortable; the rear is a little tight. A wagon bodystyle was also top-trim, high-performance Quadrifoglio version uses a 505-hp,
available. Overall, a used TSX is an economical choice of getting a 2.9-liter twin-turbo V6 and ups the ante in the sport quotient at the
semi-luxurious car without overspending on maintenance and repair. expense of comfort.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009. Redesign/Freshening: 2017.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
air bags standard. air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2010 $8,000 - $9,600 2010 -
Trouble Acura TSX Trouble Alfa Romeo Giulia
Spots 2011 $9,000 - $11,100 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,200 - $12,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 4
0305
050 * 2013 $11,700 - $14,700 Engine, Major 5
050 * 2013 -
Engine Minor 4
0505
050 * 2014 $13,400 - $17,100 Engine Minor 3
040 * 2014 -
2015 - 2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
0305
050 * 2016 -
Engine Cooling 5
050 * 2016 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
050 * 2017 -
Trans. Major 5
050 * 2017 $19,700 - $43,900
Trans. Minor 5
0505
050 * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
050 * 2018 $23,200 - $50,200
Drive System 4
0504
050 * 2019 -
Drive System 3
050 * 2019 $28,100 - $61,400
Fuel System 5
0505
050 * Fuel System 3
010 *
Electrical 3
0505
050 * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 5
Climate Syst. 4
0305
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0201
050 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 5
050 * 2010 - - -
Brakes 3
0503
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 5
050 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
050 * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0304
030 * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 5
040 * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 3
0202
040 * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
050 * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 5
0305
050 * 2015 - - - Body Hardware 1
050 * 2015 - - -
2016 - - - 2016 - - -
Power Equip. 4
0202
050 * 2017 - - -
Power Equip. 1
010 * 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0202
040 * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 1
010 * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0404
050 2019 - - - Verdict 1
020 * 2019 Good NT NT

A 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Audi A3 Audi A4
The A3 is an upscale compact sedan or hatchback with a tasteful The A4 features impressive attention to interior detail, but the four-
interior and, in most versions, a gutsy 2.0-liter, turbocharged four- cylinder turbo engine could sound a bit rough. The 2009 redesign
cylinder engine. It’s a relative of the Volkswagen Golf and Jetta. was a big step forward in terms of handling agility and overall
Front-wheel drive is standard but as in other Audis, all-wheel drive refinement. Handling was agile and very secure, the ride was firm
is available. We found the A3 quite nimble and quick. The S-tronic but supple, and interior quality was first-rate. The rear seat grew
transmission, an automated manual, works well but tends to a bit, but was still tight, though, and some controls became overly
transmit some vibrations at low speeds. A more powerful 3.2-liter V6 complex. The 2.0-liter, turbocharged four-cylinder and slick eight-
was optional on front-drive versions and standard with AWD models speed automatic returned a very respectable 25 mpg overall in
until 2009. A redesigned A3 sedan arrived for 2015. It was a much our tests of an all-wheel-drive version. The 2017 redesign brought
more modern car with a more substantial feel, sporty handling, a seven-speed dual-clutch transmission mated to the turbo four-
a taut ride, and an up-to-date infotainment system. We got a cylinder engine which has even better fuel economy. The high-
respectable 27 mpg overall in our tests of a FWD version with the performance S4’s 3.0-liter supercharged V6 was replaced by a turbo
1.8-liter engine. V6 in the 2018 redesign.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2015. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2017.

air bags standard. Rear side air bags available. air bags standard. Rear side air bags available.

2010 $5,400 - $8,700 2010 $5,600 - $9,100
Trouble Audi A3 Trouble Audi A4
Spots 2011 $6,400 - $9,000 Spots 2011 $6,300 - $10,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,900 - $10,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,700 - $12,900
Engine, Major
* * * * *4
0505
050 * 2013 $8,900 - $12,000 Engine, Major 1
0103
0503
0404
0505
050 2013 $9,600 - $15,500
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0502
050 * 2014 - Engine Minor 1
0102
0204
0405
0505
050 2014 $11,700 - $17,900
2015 $13,600 - $21,900 2015 $13,800 - $18,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * *3
0505
050 * 2016 $16,500 - $27,400
Engine Cooling 1
0303
0304
0304
0505
050
2016 $16,700 - $18,700
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0505
050 * 2017 $18,800 - $31,200
Trans. Major 2
0503
0505
0504
0505
050
2017 $18,800 - $28,400
Trans. Minor
* * * * *4
0305
050 * 2018 $22,100 - $35,800
Trans. Minor 2
0405
0405
0503
0505
050 2018 $23,600 - $33,400
Drive System
* * * * *3
0505
040 * 2019 $24,500 - $40,500
Drive System 1
0403
0305
0504
0505
050 2019 $27,600 - $39,500
Fuel System
* * * * *2
0405
050 * Fuel System 1
0102
0401
0403
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * *5
0505
Electrical 1
0501
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0405
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0305
0104
0404
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *4
0405
050 * 2010 Good NT NT
Suspension 2
0304
0301
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * *5
0505
040 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 5
0303
0403
0404
0505
050 2011 Good 3/4 4/5
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0505
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 3
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 3/4 4/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * *4
0405
0405
0505
0305
0505
050 2013 Good 5/5 4/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *3
0402
030 * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 4
0503
0505
0405
0504
040 2014 Good 5/5 4/5
Body Hardware
* * * * *4
0505
050 * 2015 Good 4/5 5/5 Body Hardware 3
0505
0505
0504
0505
050 2015 Good 5/5 4/5
2016 Good 4/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 4/5
Power Equip.
* * * * *4
0505
050 * Power Equip. 3
0204
0204
0201
0505
050
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *4
0204
020 * 2018 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0405
0403
0302
0203
040
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0305
030 * 2019 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 1
0103
0303
0301
0504
050 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

A
Audi A5 Audi A6
These coupes and convertibles have quiet, luxurious cabins with The A6 is a solid, luxurious, and agile sedan. The base engine was a
room for four. Although the rear seat is snug, it’s one of the best in 250-hp 3.2-liter V6, and most versions were sold with all-wheel drive.
any convertible. The car drives well, with agile handling and a taut, We found the car comfortable and refined but its control interface
compliant suspension. The A5 initially used a 3.2-liter V6 engine can be frustrating to use at first. A 300-hp, 3.0-liter supercharged
in the base model, while the S5 performance version featured a V6 became standard on all-wheel-drive versions in 2009. The 2012
4.2-liter V8. A turbocharged four-cylinder arrived in 2010, delivering redesign made the car even better, with upgraded interior materials,
ample power but sounding raspy. The V6 was dropped in 2013. a roomy cabin, super comfortable seats, and a slick eight-speed
The eight-speed automatic is super-smooth. The convertible has a automatic, making it one of our favorite mid-sized luxury sedans. It’s
shudder-free body structure and is almost devoid of wind buffeting, super-quiet and makes an excellent long-distance cruiser. We got a
and the well-insulated soft top can be operated while driving at commendable 22 mpg overall with the V6. A 2.0-liter, turbocharged
low speeds. The S5 uses the supercharged V6 and seven-speed four-cylinder gas engine arrived in 2013, but it has a raspy, less-than-
automated manual. luxurious sound quality.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2018. Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2012, 2019.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
air bags standard. protection air bags standard; rear side available.

2010 $6,700 - $12,800 2010 $5,100 - $12,300
Spots 2011 $8,300 - $13,900 Spots 2011 $5,800 - $14,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,900 - $17,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,500 - $13,500
Engine, Major
* *4
0105
0505
0 *5
050 2013 $11,400 - $18,700 Engine, Major
* *2
0405
0505
0405
050 2013 $9,900 - $15,500
Engine Minor
* *2
0205
0505
0 *5
050 2014 $12,800 - $21,200 Engine Minor
* *1
0103
0505
0505
030 2014 $11,400 - $18,500
2015 $15,100 - $22,400 2015 $14,000 - $21,000
Engine Cooling
* *1
0305
0505
0 *5
050
2016 $18,900 - $24,600
Engine Cooling
* *1
0304
0504
0505
050
2016 $18,400 - $26,800
Trans. Major
* *5
0505
0505
0 *5
050
2017 $23,700 - $28,200
Trans. Major
* *5
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $21,700 - $35,600
Trans. Minor
* *5
0505
0505
0 *5
050 2018 $28,000 - $38,600
Trans. Minor
* *5
0405
0505
0405
050 2018 $23,600 - $36,800
Drive System
* *2
0504
0505
0 *5
050 2019 $32,600 - $43,000
Drive System
* *2
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $33,500 - $48,000
Fuel System
* *1
0504
0305
0 *5
050 Fuel System
* *5
0301
0101
0304
040
Electrical
* *1
0505
0505
0 *5
Electrical
* *5
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* *1
0503
0503
0 *5
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *3
0205
0305
0504
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *2
0505
0505
0 *5
040
2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* *3
0404
0204
0505
050
2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* *5
0405
0505
0 *5
050 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* *4
0301
0301
0502
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0505
0 *5
050 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* *4
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* *4
0505
0504
0 *5
050 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim
* *4
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* *4
0505
0205
0 *3
040 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* *5
0405
0503
0505
030 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* *3
0505
0503
0 *5
050 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* *4
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 NT NT NT 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* *1
0504
0503
0 *4
050 Power Equip.
* *3
0104
0405
0502
010
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *5
0504
0305
0 *3
040
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *2
0402
0303
0401
020
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *1
0405
0505
0 *3
040 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict * *3
0303
0303
0301
010 2019 Good NT NT

A 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Audi A7 Audi A8
The coupelike A7 is lower and more firmly sprung than the A6, which Audi’s flagship has always been comfortable, capable, and replete
it is based on, and it sacrifices some comfort for sportiness. Getting with the latest safety gear. The cabin is well appointed but the MMI
in and out is more difficult than in the A6, and visibility is somewhat driver interaction system can be a challenge at first. 2011 brought a
hampered by the styling. The A7 has sporty, coupe-like styling, but significantly improved car. Handling became crisp, making the A8
the cargo flexibility of a hatchback. Its 3.0-liter, supercharged V6 one of the sportiest luxury sedans available, and the ride’s firm yet
is mated to Audi’s excellent eight-speed automatic. In our tests the supple. The standard all-wheel drive gives it good winter traction.
diesel version returned an excellent 28 mpg overall. The interior The strong engines deliver smooth and effortless acceleration, yet
is very luxurious and features an available head-up display that attain commendable fuel economy. Interior ambience and quality
projects information on the windshield. The MMI interface adds a of materials and craftsmanship is top-notch, with exceptionally
touchpad control for destination entry in the navigation system, comfortable and supportive front seats. The controls have a steep
which offers a Google maps display. learning curve and the trunk is small for a car this size.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags standard in
protection air bags standard; rear side available. front and rear. Head protection air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Drive Wheels: AWD.

2010 - 2010 $8,200 - $9,200
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $13,400 - $14,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $16,700 - $18,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $15,200 - $27,600
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2013 $17,900 - $18,700 Engine, Major
* * * * *2
0 * * * * 2013 $17,200 - $34,700
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2014 $20,100 - $22,100 Engine Minor
* * * * *1
0 * * * * 2014 $20,500 - $42,500
2015 $24,100 - $26,400 2015 $25,400 - $51,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2016 $28,700 - $31,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0 * * * * 2016 $32,500 - $60,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2017 $36,000 - $39,000
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0 * * * * 2017 $38,500 - $44,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2018 $43,900 - $46,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * *4
0 * * * * 2018 $45,200 - $54,900
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2019 $47,600 - $57,400
Drive System
* * * * *1
0 * * * * 2019 $66,000 - $66,000
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * *4
0 * * * *
Electrical
* * * * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical
* * * * *5
0 * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * *2
0 * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * *5
0 * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * *4
0 * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0 * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0 * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * *5
0 * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * *5
0 * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 NT NT NT 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * *2
0 * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *4
0 * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict * * * * *1
0 * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

A
Audi Q3 ! Good Bet Audi Q5
Slotted below the Q5, the Q3 competes with the BMW X1 and The Q5’s handling is agile and sporty, among the best for an SUV.
Mercedes-Benz GLA. Overall it manages to deliver a similarly It has a steady, supple ride and excellent braking. The 3.2-liter
premium driving experience as in the Q5 but in a 10-inch shorter V6 provides generous power and returns 19 mpg overall. 2011
package. The energetic 200-hp, 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder is mated brought a four-cylinder engine and an eight speed automatic. This
to a conventional six-speed automatic, and returned 22 mpg overall combination returned 21 mpg overall in our tests. The beautifully
in our tests. This is a quiet SUV with a firm, comfortable ride and furnished interior is commendably quiet, but rear seat room and
responsive handling. The cabin shows thoughtful attention to detail. cargo space are modest. Controls take some getting used to, but
Demerits include the tight quarters and controls that take some they ultimately prove logical. Turbodiesel and hybrid versions were
getting used to. Front- and all-wheel-drive versions are available. also available in some years, but are rare. The redesigned 2018
model included a new seven-speed dual-clutch transmission and a
Redesign/Freshening: 2015, 2019. revised 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder engine. Some important active
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection safety systems, including forward collision warning and automatic
air bags standard. emergency braking with pedestrian detection, were standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
air bags standard; rear side optional.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2010 - 2010 $8,800 - $10,600
Trouble Audi Q3 Trouble Audi Q5
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $9,900 - $12,000
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,000 - $15,000
Engine, Major
*5
0505
0 * 2013 - Engine, Major
*1
0102
0405
0505
0505
0 2013 $13,100 - $17,900
Engine Minor
*5
0505
0 * 2014 - Engine Minor
*1
0103
0205
0505
0504
0 2014 $14,500 - $22,500
2015 $16,800 - $18,900 2015 $16,700 - $28,300
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0 * 2016 $18,400 - $21,400
Engine Cooling
*5
0301
0405
0403
0505
0
2016 $19,000 - $33,900
Trans. Major
*5
0505
0 * 2017 $19,400 - $26,000
Trans. Major
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $22,600 - $39,100
Trans. Minor
*5
0505
0 * 2018 $22,400 - $27,600
Trans. Minor
*5
0505
0505
0504
0505
0 2018 $28,200 - $46,700
Drive System
*5
0505
0 * 2019 $27,900 - $35,200
Drive System
*5
0403
0504
0405
0505
0 2019 $34,800 - $53,700
Fuel System
*5
0505
0 * Fuel System
*1
0303
0102
0204
0505
0
Electrical
*5
0505
Electrical
*5
0405
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*5
0505
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*5
0303
0303
0305
0405
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
0505
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension
*2
0204
0403
0403
0505
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*5
0405
0 * 2011 - - -
Brakes
*3
0401
0103
0505
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0505
0 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
*4
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*5
0505
0 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
*5
0504
0303
0505
0505
0 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*5
0504
0 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
*3
0402
0103
0103
0405
0 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware
*5
0505
0 * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware
*5
0404
0405
0505
0505
0 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*1
0105
0 * Power Equip.
*1
0403
0502
0404
0305
0
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*1
0202
0 * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
*1
0303
0403
0403
0205
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *5
0504
0 * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict 3
0201
0202
0303
0303
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

A 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Audi Q7 Audi TT
Audi’s midsized luxury SUV has a tight but serviceable third-row seat. The Overall, the TT is more about style and technology than visceral
strong 350-hp, 4.2-liter V8 pulls smoothly, but returns just 15 mpg overall sporty performance. The 2008 redesign gave the TT crisper
on premium fuel. The V6 version got 17 mpg overall in our tests. Handling handling and a less punishing ride. Interior materials and details
is fairly nimble but doesn’t shine at its limits. The ride is steady, though improved, and the 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder and automated-
a little stiff at low speeds. Front-seat comfort is excellent, interior fit and manual gearbox make up a punchy powertrain that sounds good
finish is superb, and the cabin is quiet, but the MMI driver-interaction and adds to the cars sporty character. 2016 brought a far more
system can be confusing. A turbodiesel V6 was added in 2009, while both refined and advanced redesign. Base cars use 2.0-liter four-cylinder
the V6 and V8 gas engines were replaced by a supercharged V6 in 2011. engine; the TTS features a stronger version. The six-speed dual-
The 2017 redesign made the Q7 an impressive vehicle. The supercharged clutch automatic transmission swaps gears quickly, but some
V6 smooth eight-speed automatic combined for effortless acceleration vibration is noticeable at very low speeds. The car feels nimble
and 20 mpg overall in our tests. The SUV is very quiet, instilling a sense and entertaining, dives into corners with enthusiasm and a dash of
of tranquility. The ride has an underlying firmness. Handling is responsive steering feedback. The ride is quite firm but not punishing, and noise
and confidence-inspiring. The beautifully finished interior exudes luxury. is kept at bay. Inside the snug interior is Audi’s digital instrument
panel, which incorporates all gauges and displays..
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2016.
air bags standard; rear side optional. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard.

2010 $9,600 - $13,300 2010 $10,600 - $19,400
Trouble Audi Q7 Trouble Audi TT
Spots 2011 $11,100 - $14,500 Spots 2011 $12,700 - $20,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,400 - $16,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,300 - $30,000
Engine, Major
* * * * *4
0 *5
0505
0 2013 $14,600 - $18,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $16,800 - $33,300
Engine Minor
* * * * *4
0 *4
0505
0 2014 $17,700 - $21,300 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $19,100 - $25,100
2015 $19,800 - $26,100 2015 $22,100 - $31,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0 *5
0505
0
2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $27,100 - $33,800
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0 *5
0505
0
2017 $30,500 - $40,400
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $31,200 - $37,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0 *5
0505
0 2018 $36,000 - $47,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $35,900 - $58,800
Drive System
* * * * *4
0 *5
0505
0 2019 $41,600 - $54,300
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $40,600 - $66,600
Fuel System
* * * * *1
0 *1
0505
0 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * *5
0 *5
0505
Electrical
* * * * * * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst.
* * * * *1
0 *5
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *1
0 *5
0505
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * *1
0 *1
0305
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * *4
0 *5
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0 *5
0504
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *1
0 *1
0504
0 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * *2
0 *5
0505
0 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * *1
0 *4
0405
0
2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *1
0 *1
0303
0
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * *1
0 *1
0305
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

B
BMW 1 Series, 2 Series BMW 3 Series
The compact 1 Series is available as a two-door coupe or convertible. No matter which 3 Series you choose, the compliant ride, slick and
Power comes from smooth, powerful six-cylinder engines, including punchy engine, and fun-to-drive formula make it a car that defines a
a muscular 300-hp twin-turbo. Excellent steering and body control, sports sedan. Over the years it has been offered with a wide variety
along with slick shifter and clutch action, make the 1 Series a blast to of engines, and in sedan, convertible, and wagon bodystyles. For
drive. The 135i we tested was super agile and quick, and even returned 2012, the 3 Series grew larger and softer, more comfortable and fuel
decent fuel economy. Although snug, the interior features high levels efficient, but a little less fun. However, the interior grew plusher and
of fit and finish. 2013 was the final year for this fun and agile car. The more high tech. Hybrid and diesel versions were offered. Changes
more refined and fun to drive 2 Series, with a choice of turbocharged for 2016 included a new 3.0-liter six-cylinder gasoline engine for
four and six-cylinder engines replaced it for 2014. It is available the top trim 340i. Other updates included an enhanced suspension
with all-wheel drive in coupe and convertible forms. A sportier, and redesigned electric power steering system. For 2017, BMW
more-powerful M2 version arrived in 2016. 2017 brought a change in introduced new four-cylinder engines, changing the 328i to the 330i,
nomenclature, with the base 228i becoming the 230i and powered by and cars with navigation got the latest (and somewhat simplified)
a 248-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine. version of the iDrive infotainment system.

Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2010 $6,400 - $8,500 2010 $6,200 - $9,700
Trouble BMW 1 Series, 2 Series Trouble BMW 3 Series
Spots 2011 $7,000 - $9,800 Spots 2011 $7,000 - $13,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,000 - $11,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,900 - $15,900
Engine, Major
* *1
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2013 $9,300 - $15,300 Engine, Major 3
0101
0105
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,900 - $18,300
Engine Minor
* *1
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2014 $12,900 - $18,800 Engine Minor 1
0101
0104
0405
0505
050 2014 $11,900 - $18,000
2015 $15,200 - $22,800 2015 $13,700 - $20,200
Engine Cooling
* *3
030 *5
0505
0505
0
2016 $18,200 - $27,800
Engine Cooling 1
0102
0405
0505
0405
050
2016 $17,000 - $24,900
Trans. Major
* *5
050 *4
0505
0505
0
2017 $20,500 - $31,900
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $19,100 - $29,700
Trans. Minor
* *4
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2018 $24,500 - $36,800
Trans. Minor 3
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $22,800 - $35,000
Drive System
* *5
040 *5
0503
0505
0 2019 $29,500 - $42,100
Drive System 4
0205
0403
0505
0405
050 2019 $34,200 - $40,300
Fuel System
* *4
040 *3
0505
0505
0 Fuel System 1
0101
0502
0404
0405
020
Electrical
* *1
010 *5
0505
0505
Electrical 1
0102
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* *3
050 *4
0404
0205
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0204
0303
0202
0405
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *5
040 *1
0405
0505
0
2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 2
0305
0205
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* *5
010 *4
0505
0502
0 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 2
0303
0303
0305
0505
040 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
050 *5
0405
0505
0 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0504
0505
050 2012 Good 4/5 5/5
Paint/Trim
* *5
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 2
0205
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 4/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* *4
010 *5
0501
0505
0 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 2
0202
0204
0503
0303
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* *5
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 1
0105
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* *1
010 *5
0103
0105
0 Power Equip. 1
0101
0303
0204
0504
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *1
050 *2
0305
0405
0
2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 1
0202
0304
0404
0405
020
2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *2
020 *3
0403
0304
0 2019 Good NT NT Verdict 1
0102
0203
0304
0404
010 2019 Good NT NT

B 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
BMW 4 Series BMW 5 Series
The 4 Series coupe and convertible pack style, luxury, and exclusivity Prior to 2011, the midsized 5 Series was quiet, plush, and fun to
into a sporty, two-door package. Formerly part of the 3 Series lineup, drive, with nimble handling and invigorating six- and eight-cylinder
this plush and comfortable line is lower and wider than its sedan engines. The 2011 redesign grew larger and has an elegant and
brethren. They are more well-mannered touring cars than sportsters, composed ride, but it lost some of its handling precision. Interior
yet they’re quite capable. Handling is taut, the ride is steady and room, refinement, and fuel efficiency all improved. Fit and finish is
compliant, and the interior is plush. The rear seat is relatively excellent, the engines are powerful and refined, and the eight-speed
spacious. The turbocharged, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine is sparing automatic shifts smoothly. The cabin is comfortable and roomy with
with fuel; the 3.0-liter, six-cylinder turbo is super smooth and delivers excellent seats. The iDrive infotainment system takes some getting
effortless punch, which makes the 440i a treat to drive. All-wheel used to, but is logical to use. Both rear- and all-wheel-drive versions
drive is optional. The convertible version uses a retractable hardtop are available. The 2017 redesign brought updated engines, better
that can be operated at slow speeds. The ultra-high-performance fuel economy improvements to iDrive (including the touch screen),
M4 is a track-ready version. and marginally more interior room. Available active safety systems
include forward collision warning and lane keeping assist.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2011, 2017.
air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2010 - 2010 $6,500 - $7,800
Trouble BMW 4 Series Trouble BMW 5 Series
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $9,000 - $10,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,200 - $12,400
Engine, Major 5
0405
0505
050 2013 - Engine, Major 4
0201
0101
0305
0405
050 2013 $9,900 - $15,800
Engine Minor 2
0505
0505
050 2014 $14,500 - $19,000 Engine Minor 1
0101
0101
0505
0404
050 2014 $13,600 - $18,500
Engine Cooling 2015 $17,300 - $23,100 Engine Cooling 2015 $16,400 - $22,400
5
0405
0305
050 1
0102
0105
0505
0504
050
2016 $19,200 - $26,800 2016 $19,500 - $27,600
Trans. Major 2
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0405
0405
0505
0505
050
2017 $22,100 - $30,800 2017 $26,300 - $34,600
Trans. Minor 1
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0504
0405
0505
0505
050
2018 $25,000 - $36,400 2018 $33,000 - $52,300
Drive System 5
0505
0505
050 Drive System 2
0301
0103
0505
0304
050
2019 $30,600 - $44,200 2019 $37,700 - $59,800
Fuel System 5
0405
0505
050 Fuel System 1
0102
0201
0401
0203
050
Electrical 2
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0104
0203
0505
0505
050
CR ASH-TEST RESULTS CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
050 Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst. 1
0202
0102
0405
0202
yrs frontal yrs frontal
Suspension 5
0204
0505
050 Suspension 5
0103
0302
0305
0504
050
2010 - - - 2010 Good 3/5 5/5
Brakes 4
0305
0505
050 Brakes 3
0302
0303
0305
0305
050
2011 - - - 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
050
2012 - - - 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
0405
0305
050 Paint/Trim 4
0402
0505
0505
0305
050
2013 - - - 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0305
0505
050 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 3
0403
0104
0304
0105
040 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0405
0305
050 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 4
0305
0505
0405
0504
040 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0403
0303
050
2016 NT NT NT Power Equip. 1
0205
0204
0405
0305
040
2016 Good 4/4 5/5
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0405
0203
010 In-Car Electr. 1
0103
0503
0305
0101
030
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0305
0305
050 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 2
0101
0101
0304
0101
030 2019 Good NT NT

B
BMW 6 Series BMW 7 Series
The 6 Series coupe, convertible, and four-door Gran Coupe share a BMW’s top-of-the-line sedan has first class accommodations, with
platform with the 5 Series. The standard 4.4-liter V8 is smooth and comfortable seats and abundant features. With the 2009 redesign
punchy, and handling is agile. But the ride can be choppy. A redesign the car lost its crisp, sporty luxury feel. Handling lacked agility, and
for 2012 brought the four-door Grand Coupe along with power from the 750Li we tested didn’t shine at its limits. The ride is steady and
a 3.0-liter, turbo six-cylinder or a 4.4-liter V8 mated to an eight- supple but not that cushy. The turbo V8 is smooth, refined, and
speed automatic or a six-speed manual. The V8 delivers ferocious punchy. Gas and diesel six-cylinders are also available, along with
acceleration and an invigorating exhaust note. Handling is much a mighty V12. The controls require time to master. On the plus side,
sharper than the 5 Series, making this more of a driver’s car than its the roomy cabin is super-quiet and impeccably finished, and seat
predecessor. The M version is even more performance oriented. comfort is tops. A much improved 2016 redesign brought more agile
handling, a steady ride, simplified controls, and lots of high-tech
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2012. gizmos.
air bags standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2016.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
protection air bags standard; rear side available.

2010 $10,400 - $11,300 2010 $8,400 - $17,300
Trouble BMW 6 Series Trouble BMW 7 Series
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $6,800 - $18,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $15,000 - $17,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,600 - $23,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $16,800 - $20,600 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $13,800 - $29,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2014 $19,100 - $24,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $18,000 - $35,500
2015 $23,000 - $30,900 2015 $21,900 - $43,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $29,000 - $39,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $30,900 - $36,400
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $35,000 - $52,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $35,300 - $94,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2018 $34,800 - $69,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $40,500 - $108,800
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2019 $43,100 - $78,100
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $47,600 - $123,800
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

B 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
BMW i3 ! Good Bet BMW X1
BMW’s i3 is a rear-wheel-drive, four-seat electric car that works The X1 is a compact five-seat SUV smaller than the X3. The base
best for urban use. It has a short electric driving range and even turbo four-cylinder and eight-speed automatic provide quick
long drives require frequent refueling stops due to the small gas acceleration, and is available with rear- or all-wheel drive. It feels
tank for the range extending gas engine. The electric drive produces quite sporty to drive, but ride comfort is on the stiff side and the
the equivalent of 170 hp. An optional two-cylinder engine acts as sharp and communicative steering feels heavy at low speeds.
a generator to extend the range beyond the 72 miles, to about 150 Noise isolation and interior quality are decent. A used X1 is a viable
total. Charge times are 4.5 hours on 240-volt circuit. Despite its tall alternative to a new small SUV that’s more fun-to-drive for the
stance the car is very agile. It feels quick and easy to maneuver, but same price. The second-generation’s lower ride height makes it feel
the ride is rather stiff. The pronounced deceleration when lifting off almost like driving a sedan, although its ride and handling are more
the gas pedal takes some getting used to. 2017 brought a larger ordinary than sporty. Road noise is rather noticeable. The interior is
94 amp-hour battery (up from 60 amp-hour) and models with the typical BMW, with high-quality materials and switchgear. The front
range extender engine got a slightly bigger fuel tank, now up to 2.4 seats are rather short and flat, however, while rear-seat passengers
gallons. hit their shins against the backs for the front seats.
Redesign/Freshening: 2014. Redesign/Freshening: 2013, 2016.

Drive Wheels: Rear. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front; Rear.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble BMW i3 Trouble BMW X1
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
050 *5
0 * * 2013 - Engine, Major 1
0505
0405
050 * 2013 $9,000 - $11,400
Engine Minor 5
050 *5
0 * * 2014 $10,000 - $12,400 Engine Minor 2
0104
0405
050 * 2014 $10,800 - $13,800
2015 $12,200 - $14,800 2015 $13,100 - $16,900
Engine Cooling 5
050 *5
0 * * 2016 $13,900 - $16,500
Engine Cooling 1
0405
0505
050 * 2016 $18,700 - $18,700
Trans. Major 5
050 *5
0 * * 2017 $15,700 - $21,600
Trans. Major 5
0504
0505
050 * 2017 $20,100 - $21,600
Trans. Minor 5
050 *5
0 * * 2018 $24,500 - $30,000
Trans. Minor 5
0305
0505
050 * 2018 $23,200 - $24,700
Drive System 5
020 *5
0 * * 2019 $30,700 - $36,800
Drive System 3
0404
0405
050 * 2019 $26,800 - $28,400
Fuel System 5
050 *5
0 * * Fuel System 3
0303
0505
050 *
Electrical 5
050 *5
0 * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 2
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 3
050 *5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0305
0405
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
050 *5
0 * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0204
0404
050 * 2010 - - -
Brakes 5
050 *5
0 * * 2011 - - -
Brakes 4
0505
0405
010 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
050 *5
0 * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
050 * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
050 *5
0 * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 4
0504
0505
050 * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
050 *5
0 * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
0402
0404
050 * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 4
050 *4
0 * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 4
0504
0505
050 * 2015 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 2
040 *1
0 * * 2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 1
0504
0404
010 * 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 4
030 *5
0 * * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0505
0504
020 * 2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
050 *4
0 * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict 1
0304
0305
030 * 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

B
BMW X3 BMW X4
The X3’s 2011 redesign was a big step forward and impressed us with Emphasizing sport over utility, the X4 is a coupelike variant of the
its sporty handling, a firm but compliant ride, seamless eight-speed X3. It’s agile, rides tautly, and has a beautifully trimmed cabin. Front
automatic, and roomier, nicely-finished interior. For 2012 a four-cylinder and rear seats are lowered to keep passengers’ heads from hitting
turbo became the base engine, and it returned 23 mpg overall in our the low roof, and the cargo space shrinks considerably under the
tests. The front seats are very supportive and the rear seat is quite sloping rear hatch, making it a less practical SUV. Engine choices are
hospitable. Controls have a learning curve but ultimately prove logical. a 240-hp, 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder and a 300-hp, 3.0-liter turbo
The 2018 redesign brought more upscale cabin amenities, technology, six-cylinder that is particularly smooth and powerful. Both engines
and safety features. Most X3s use a 248-hp, 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder are mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission, and all-wheel
that delivers quick acceleration and returned 24 mpg overall in our drive is standard. Optional 19-inch tires make the ride a bit too jiggly.
tests. The eight-speed automatic is smooth and responsive. It’s super-
quiet inside, with impeccable fit and finish. Handling is quite responsive, Redesign/Freshening: 2015, 2019.
and the ride is firm yet absorbent. Controls and infotainment tasks Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
take some getting used to but prove to be logical once mastered. protection air bags standard; rear side available.
Drive Wheels: AWD.
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2011, 2018.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head

2010 $7,300 - $7,300 2010 -
Trouble BMW X3 Trouble BMW X4
Spots 2011 $9,100 - $10,200 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,900 - $11,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
*1
0401
0404
0505
0505
0 2013 $10,800 - $13,300 Engine, Major
* * * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
*1
0202
0305
0505
0505
0 2014 $13,800 - $16,500 Engine Minor
* * * * * 2014 -
2015 $16,200 - $18,900 2015 $20,300 - $21,100
Engine Cooling
*1
0203
0404
0505
0505
0
2016 $18,900 - $23,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2016 $22,900 - $29,700
Trans. Major
*4
0205
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $22,300 - $28,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2017 $27,100 - $33,700
Trans. Minor
*5
0504
0505
0505
0505
0 2018 $32,800 - $43,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2018 $31,800 - $39,200
Drive System
*1
0101
0405
0505
0405
0 2019 $33,400 - $47,100
Drive System
* * * * * 2019 $41,400 - $50,400
Fuel System
*1
0102
0401
0305
0205
0 Fuel System
* * * * *
Electrical
*1
0403
0504
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst.
*5
0204
0204
0505
0405
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*2
0103
0302
0505
0505
0
2010 Good NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
*4
0304
0103
0505
0405
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
*5
0504
0505
0405
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
*2
0504
0204
0505
0505
* * * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
*1
0102
0103
0302
0405
* * * * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
*2
0505
0404
0504
0505
* * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
*1
0203
0401
0303
0303
0 Power Equip.
* * * * *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
*1
0104
0403
0403
0104
0
2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *1
0101
0201
0404
0104
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

B 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
BMW X5 BMW X6
BMW’s sporty midsized SUV started out with a stiff ride but Based on the X5 SUV, the X6 is a tall coupe with four seats and
comfortable seats and a plush interior. The 3.0-liter six-cylinder standard all-wheel drive. A turbocharged 3.0-liter six-cylinder engine
proved plenty powerful. The redesigned 2007 model was longer and powers most versions and a 4.4-liter V8 is the up-level choice. Note
brought an optional, kids-only third row. The six- and eight-cylinder that early versions had only four seats but most are five-seaters. The
engines are powerful and the diesel version got 22 mpg in our tests. interior is luxurious and well-crafted, and the seats are supportive
The iDrive infotainment system takes some time to get used to a for long trips. The infotainment system takes time to master but
master. The 2014 redesign brought a smoother ride, quieter interior, ultimately proves logical. The styling severely hurts rear visibility,
more advanced safety equipment, and a high-tech interior, but also cabin access, and cargo storage. Hybrid and high-performance M
less-agile handling. The 3.0-liter turbo six cylinder is silky smooth versions were added in 2010.
and returned a good 21-mpg overall. The third-row seat is only
suitable for small children to sit in. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2015.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2019. protection air bags standard; rear side available.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2010 $8,200 - $15,400 2010 $10,000 - $16,700
Trouble BMW X5 Trouble BMW X6
Spots 2011 $9,900 - $17,600 Spots 2011 $11,600 - $18,100
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,600 - $19,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,700 - $20,300
Engine, Major
*1
0101
0203
0505
0505
0 2013 $13,700 - $21,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $16,800 - $22,900
Engine Minor
*1
0101
0104
0405
0505
0 2014 $19,000 - $21,300 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $18,900 - $26,800
2015 $21,600 - $44,200 2015 $25,300 - $29,200
Engine Cooling
*1
0101
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $25,600 - $53,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $29,900 - $47,000
Trans. Major
*5
0503
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $29,300 - $63,500
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $35,300 - $59,000
Trans. Minor
*4
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2018 $37,000 - $75,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $40,100 - $71,000
Drive System
*1
0101
0505
0505
0404
0 2019 $51,000 - $58,500
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $44,900 - $84,500
Fuel System
*1
0101
0104
0503
0505
0 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
*1
0101
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst.
*1
0301
0205
0405
0405
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*1
0102
0102
0405
0505
0
2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
*3
0101
0503
0503
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
*1
0104
0204
0505
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
*5
0504
0405
0404
0504
0 2013 Good 3/3 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*1
0101
0104
0302
0404
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
*5
0304
0405
0505
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
*3
0201
0504
0503
0405
0 Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * *
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
*2
0103
0404
0304
0501
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *1
0101
0103
0403
0401
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

B
BMW Z4 Buick Cascada
While an improvement over the Z3, the Z4 still had a choppy ride The Cascada is a four-seat soft-top convertible. It’s a well thought
and it isn’t as agile as one would expect from a two-seat roadster. out convertible with a fully-insulated top and responsive handling.
The one-touch power top is very convenient. Both the available The ride is steady but a bit stiff due to the standard 20 inch tires.
3.0-liter six-cylinders are strong, and the M coupe and roadster use The leather seats are supportive but it’s a long reach to access the
an even more powerful 3.2-liter that makes 330 hp. Later models touchscreen infotainment system, and the center dash is a mess of
had a punchy 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder, which returned buttons. The power-operated fabric roof takes 17 seconds to open,
28 mpg overall in our tests. Inside is a well-finished, but very snug, and can be opened or closed at speeds up to 31 mph. Rear-seat
cabin. The iDrive controls can be fussy to use, particularly in manual- access is made easier by front seats that power-slide forward. A
transmission cars. The folding hard top keeps the cabin quiet, but partition in the trunk can be flipped to increase cargo room when
it can’t be operated on the move, a drawback compared to the the top is raised. Safety equipment includes forward-collision alert
Porsche Boxster’s soft top. There wasn’t a Z4 for 2017 and 2018. The and lane-departure warning if you opt for the Premium trim. 2019 is
Z4 returned for 2019. the final year for the Cascada.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2019. Redesign/Freshening: 2016.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: Rear. Curtain airbags not offered.
Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 $12,200 - $14,200 2010 -
Trouble BMW Z4 Trouble Buick Cascada
Spots 2011 $13,300 - $17,100 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,700 - $18,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2013 $15,600 - $19,500 Engine, Major 1
0 * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2014 $18,600 - $22,700 Engine Minor 5
0 * * * 2014 -
2015 $20,800 - $26,400 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2016 $24,600 - $31,000
Engine Cooling 5
0 * * * 2016 $17,200 - $17,700
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major 5
0 * * * 2017 $18,100 - $20,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0 * * * 2018 $19,800 - $22,500
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2019 $46,500 - $46,500
Drive System 5
0 * * * 2019 $22,100 - $25,000
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * Fuel System 5
0 * * *
Electrical
Electrical 5
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 5
0 * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
0 * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 1
0 * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 5
0 * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 1
0 * * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 5
0 * * * 2015 - - -
2016 NT NT NT 2016 NT 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * Power Equip. 5
0 * * *
2017 - - - 2017 NT 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
0 * * * 2018 NT 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 4
0 * * * 2019 NT 4/4 5/5

B 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Buick Enclave Buick Encore
This large, car-based SUV has three rows of seats and uses 3.6-liter The subcompact Encore SUV is a size smaller than SUVs like the
V6 engine mated to a six-speed automatic, which returned just Toyota RAV4 or Honda CR-V, the Encore boasts a quiet cabin, great
15 mpg overall in our tests. We found the ride comfortable and maneuverability, and a better ride than many larger and higher-
quiet, and the powertrain smooth. Handling is secure and pretty scoring SUVs. The little 1.4-liter turbo four-cylinder and six-speed
agile for such a big vehicle. The third-row seat is roomy enough for automatic deliver anemic acceleration, however, and fuel economy
adults. Fit and finish is excellent. A revised version with an improved is disappointing for a vehicle of this size. Handling is sound though
infotainment system debuted for 2013. The 2018 redesign brought unexceptional. The cabin is reasonably well appointed but feels
a smooth nine-speed automatic, and we got 18 mpg overall in our narrow and cramped and the swoopy styling hampers visibility,
tests.The roomy cabin is very quiet, and the ride is comfortable. particularly to the rear. A revised interior came for 2017, as well as
The infotainment system is easy to use, but the gear selector is a a larger screen for the infotainment system which also got Android
nuisance to use in parking maneuvers. Auto and Apple CarPlay compatibility. Available safety features
included forward collision warning, lane departure warning, blind
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2018. spot warning and cross traffic alert.
air bags standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2013.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
air bags standard.

2010 $7,400 - $9,100 2010 -
Trouble Buick Enclave Trouble Buick Encore
Spots 2011 $8,600 - $9,800 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,000 - $13,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 1
0204
0405
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,600 - $15,900 Engine, Major
*1
0305
0505
050 2013 $8,500 - $11,200
Engine Minor 1
0101
0205
0505
0405
050 2014 $13,800 - $18,000 Engine Minor
*1
0204
0505
050 2014 $9,800 - $12,800
2015 $16,100 - $21,200 2015 $11,200 - $14,500
Engine Cooling 1
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,100 - $24,400
Engine Cooling
*4
0105
0505
050
2016 $12,600 - $16,600
Trans. Major 4
0301
0405
0504
0505
050
2017 $20,000 - $27,600
Trans. Major
*5
0505
0505
050
2017 $13,600 - $18,000
Trans. Minor 1
0501
0505
0505
0502
050 2018 $24,100 - $35,700
Trans. Minor
*5
0505
0505
050 2018 $15,200 - $20,200
Drive System 1
0302
0503
0505
0505
050 2019 $28,100 - $40,300
Drive System
*5
0504
0505
050 2019 $16,700 - $19,900
Fuel System 3
0103
0505
0404
0405
050 Fuel System
*2
0505
0405
050
Electrical 1
0205
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
*2
0104
0405
Climate Syst. 1
0101
0101
0101
0405
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*3
0205
0405
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 1
0101
0101
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
*5
0105
0504
050
2010 - - -
Brakes 5
0304
0102
0405
0405
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
*3
0405
0405
050 2011 - - -
Exhaust 2
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
050 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0501
0504
0405
0405
*1
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0302
0502
0404
0404
*1
0405
0404
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0103
0405
0505
0504
*4
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0501
0101
0405
0404
050 Power Equip.
*5
0403
0505
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0403
0504
0304
0404
050
2018 NT 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*1
0505
0204
050
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0102
0303
0403
030 2019 NT 5/4 5/5 Verdict *1
0104
0405
050 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

B
Buick Envision Buick LaCrosse
Buick’s entry into the luxury compact SUV segment sits between the The redesigned 2010 LaCrosse was a much better car than its previous
tiny Encore and giant Enclave. The China-built Envision uses either incarnations. The big sedan handles soundly and has a very comfortable,
a smooth and quiet 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder or a 2.5-liter quiet ride, and beautiful interior fit and finish. The seats are comfortable
four-cylinder, both mated to a six-speed automatic transmission. and supportive, and the rear seat is very roomy. However, driver
Handling is rather clumsy, however, and wind noise is pronounced. visibility is hurt by the thick front and rear roof pillars. The LaCrosse
Oddly, the ride is a mixed bag of cushiness and harshness. The was redesigned for 2017, and came with a comfortable ride, and a
interior is well- finished and features a relatively roomy rear seat. well-trimmed and quiet cabin with a spacious rear seat. Paired with an
Buick’s suite of active safety equipment includes forward collision eight-speed automatic, the smooth 3.6-liter V6 supplied plenty of power
warning and lane departure mitigation systems, as well as optional and a decent 24 mpg overall. All-wheel drive was available. Handling
automatic emergency braking. was responsive but not sporty. Most controls were easy to use. Forward
collision warning, automatic emergency braking, blind spot warning, and
Redesign/Freshening: 2016. rear cross-traffic alert were available only on high-end trims.
air bags standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2017.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Front side air bags standard from
2010; rear available from 2010. Head protection air bags standard.
ESC available, standard from 2010.

2010 - 2010 $5,800 - $7,500
Trouble Buick Envision Trouble Buick LaCrosse
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $6,600 - $8,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,600 - $10,000
Engine, Major
*5
0505
0305
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $9,400 - $11,300
Engine Minor
*5
0505
0 2014 - Engine Minor 1
0402
0304
0505
0505
0 * 2014 $10,400 - $16,500
2015 - 2015 $11,900 - $18,700
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0
2016 $19,700 - $20,700
Engine Cooling 1
0105
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $14,100 - $22,000
Trans. Major
*5
0505
0
2017 $17,600 - $24,700
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2017 $17,500 - $24,200
Trans. Minor
*5
0505
0 2018 $20,300 - $28,000
Trans. Minor 3
0503
0505
0305
0305
0 * 2018 $18,100 - $29,600
Drive System
*4
0505
0 2019 $23,200 - $31,600
Drive System 2
0102
0202
0505
0401
0 * 2019 $21,000 - $33,000
Fuel System
*5
0505
0 Fuel System 1
0105
0404
0505
0405
0 *
Electrical
*5
0505
Electrical 1
0105
0203
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*1
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0201
0305
0505
0405
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
0505
0
2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0504
0102
0504
0505
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*4
0505
0 2011 - - -
Brakes 2
0102
0303
0505
0505
0 * 2011 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust
*5
0505
0 2012 - - -
Exhaust 1
0304
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good 5/5 5/4
Paint/Trim
*3
0505
0 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 5
0502
0103
0505
0503
0 * 2013 Good 5/5 5/4
Noises & Leaks
*2
0405
0 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0402
0205
0503
0404
0 * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
*4
0505
0505
0304
0505
0505
0 * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*1
0405
0 Power Equip. 4
0204
0404
0304
0503
0 *
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*2
0405
0
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0101
0404
0304
0305
0 * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *1
0505
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0203
0203
0405
0302
0 * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

B 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Buick Regal Buick Verano
Buick brought back the Regal name in 2011, for a model based on The Verano is based on the Chevrolet Cruze but has more luxurious
the Opel Insignia from Germany. it’s a well-honed sports sedan trimmings and better sound insulation. Power comes from a 2.4-liter
with a taut, steady ride and well-done interior. The up-level turbo four-cylinder, but its 24 mpg overall fuel economy is unimpressive for
four-cylinder is a better choice, and became standard for 2014. In the class. A turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder is also available. The
our tests that engine delivered 24 mpg overall. All-wheel drive is car is very quiet, but some engine noise is evident. It rides relatively
available. High-quality materials are used throughout the interior comfortably and handling is responsive rather than sporty. The
and the front seats are firm and comfortable, although the rear interior is nicely finished, but cramped in the rear. Features such as
seats are snug. The large trunk is a bonus. A freshening for 2013 a heated steering wheel are luxurious, but the lack of power recline
brought a better infotainment system. The 2018 redesigned Regal and adjustable lumbar support on the driver’s seat are cheap in this
Sportback took on a coupelike styling and offers a 2.0-liter four- class. Updates for 2016 included available forward collision warning,
cylinder turbo and V6 engines, Available safety features included blind spot warning, and lane departure warning. 2017 was the last
forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking, and blind year for the Verano.
spot warning.
Redesign/Freshening: 2011, 2018. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side front and rear, and
Safety Equipment: ABS available, standard from 2011. Side air head protection air bags standard.
bags available, standard from 2011; rear available from 2011. Head Drive Wheels: Front.
protection air bags and ESC standard from 2011.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Buick Regal Trouble Buick Verano
Spots 2011 $6,300 - $6,500 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,400 - $8,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,100 - $7,100
Engine, Major 1
0 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $8,300 - $11,800 Engine, Major
*4
0505
0 * * 2013 $8,400 - $9,100
Engine Minor 1
0 * *3
0504
0505
0 * 2014 $10,200 - $15,300 Engine Minor
*5
0505
0 * * 2014 $10,200 - $11,100
2015 $12,000 - $17,900 2015 $9,100 - $12,900
Engine Cooling 5
0 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $13,500 - $20,100
Engine Cooling
*5
0504
0 * * 2016 $11,600 - $14,800
Trans. Major 2
0 * *5
0505
0205
0 * 2017 $15,300 - $22,100
Trans. Major
*5
0502
0 * * 2017 $12,800 - $15,800
Trans. Minor 1
0 * *5
0505
0404
0 * 2018 $16,400 - $25,400
Trans. Minor
*5
0305
0 * * 2018 -
Drive System 2
0 * *2
0405
0405
0 * 2019 $18,300 - $28,000
Drive System
*5
0505
0 * * 2019 -
Fuel System 4
0 * *5
0405
0505
0 * Fuel System
*5
0502
0 * *
Electrical 5
0 * *1
0504
0505
Electrical
*4
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0 * *2
0505
0503
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*4
0505
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 2
0 * *5
0404
0505
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension
*2
0505
0 * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 1
0 * *3
0505
0503
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
*2
0502
0 * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 1
0 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
*5
0505
0 * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
0 * *5
0505
0305
0 * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim
*5
0305
0 * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 3
0 * *3
0305
0502
0 * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks
*1
0205
0 * * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0 * *5
0505
0503
0 * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware
*5
0505
0 * * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0 * *3
0401
0503
0 * Power Equip.
*5
0301
0 * *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0 * *3
0103
0202
0 * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
*3
0302
0 * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0 * *3
0504
0202
0 * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict *4
0503
0 * * 2019 - - -

C
Cadillac ATS Cadillac CT6
Offered in rear- or all-wheel drive, the ATS has nimble, capable Cadillac’s flagship sedan fits above the CTS and below the BMW
handling that makes it a treat to drive. Three engines were offered: a 7 Series and Mercedes-Benz S-Class. But it’s priced to compete
2.5-liter four-cylinder, a 3.6-liter V6, and a 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder. against the luxury midsized crowd. This large sedan possesses
The turbo is quick, but doesn’t feel powerful in everyday driving and some athletic chops and has a steady, controlled ride and a very
got just 23 mpg overall. The six-speed automatic was a step behind the quiet interior. Most CT6s have the mid-level nonturbo V6, while the
seven- and eight-speeds of most competitors, but later models got an top trim carries a 404-hp twin-turbocharged V6. The eight-speed
8-speed automatic. The ride is taut, and braking is excellent. However, automatic is smooth and responsive. All-wheel drive comes standard
the touch-based CUE infotainment system, with its flush buttons, is very with the V6s. The interior is posh and roomy, but cabin storage is
convoluted and frustrating to use. The interior is well finished but very a bit scant. Despite improvements, the updated Cue infotainment
snug, with a small rear seat and trunk. Several active safety features touch screen is still unintuitive. The CT6’s Super Cruise driver
were available, including forward collision warning, blind spot warning, assistance system operates on freeways and monitors the driver to
and lane departure warning. Only coupe version were available in 2019 make sure he or she is paying attention.
the final year for the ATS.
Redesign/Freshening: 2013. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection air bags standard.
air bags standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Cadillac ATS Trouble Cadillac CT6
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
050 *5
0 * * * 2013 $10,100 - $12,400 Engine, Major
*5
050 * 2013 -
Engine Minor 5
050 *5
0 * * * 2014 $10,900 - $16,600 Engine Minor
*2
040 * 2014 -
2015 $13,200 - $22,700 2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
040 *5
0 * * * 2016 $16,200 - $36,800
Engine Cooling
*5
050 * 2016 $25,000 - $36,400
Trans. Major 5
040 *4
0 * * * 2017 $18,500 - $44,900
Trans. Major
*5
050 * 2017 $28,300 - $42,500
Trans. Minor 5
040 *1
0 * * * 2018 $20,200 - $50,400
Trans. Minor
*1
040 * 2018 $32,200 - $48,800
Drive System 1
050 *4
0 * * * 2019 $25,200 - $53,100
Drive System
*1
040 * 2019 $38,800 - $65,200
Fuel System 5
050 *1
0 * * * Fuel System
*5
040 *
Electrical 5
040 *5
Electrical
*5
Climate Syst. 2
040 *1
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*4
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
010 *4
0 * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
*2
050 * 2010 - - -
Brakes 4
050 *4
0 * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
*5
050 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
050 *1
0 * * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
*5
050 * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
050 *5
0 * * * 2013 NT 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim
*5
040 * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 1
040 *1
0 * * * 2014 NT 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks
*1
050 * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 5
050 *5
0 * * * 2015 NT 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware
*5
050 * 2015 - - -
2016 NT 5/5 5/5 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 1
040 *5
0 * * * Power Equip.
*4
050 *
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 1
010 *1
0 * * * 2018 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*1
010 * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
040 *1
0 * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict *1
020 * 2019 NT NT NT

C 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Cadillac CTS Cadillac Escalade
The CTS has sports sedan handling and a firm but supple ride. The Introduced to compete with the Lincoln Navigator, the Escalade was
second-generation 2008 redesign continued with the smooth, refined a rebadged Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon with leather upholstery,
3.6-liter V6 while improving interior materials, ride, and handling. wood trim, a cushier ride, and an inflated price tag. The ESV is a
The cabin is quiet, but some controls are confusing. The sporty--but longer version based on the Chevrolet Suburban, while the EXT
rare--CTS-V packed a 5.7-liter V8 and a six-speed manual, delivering pickup is essentially a plusher version of the Chevrolet Avalanche.
Chevrolet Corvette-like performance in a luxury sedan. The front A redesign for 2007 brought a 403-hp, 6.2-liter V8 mated to a six-
seats are supportive and comfortable, but the rear seats are fairly speed automatic. The interior quality was improved, but handling
snug. Sedan, coupe, and wagon versions were produced. 2014 is clumsy, fuel economy is poor at 13 mpg overall, and the third-
brought a new CTS, with a firm, absorbent ride and precise handling row seat is small. The 2015 redesign has an overly-stiff ride and
that makes it one of the sportiest cars in the class. Unfortunately, the the controls are very distracting. Despite its massive shadow, the
CUE infotainment system is overly complex and frustrating to use. The Escalade isn’t particularly roomy inside.
cabin is luxurious, but the rear seat is snug. Neither the turbo four-
cylinder nor the V6 are that refined. 2019 was the CTS’ final year. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2015.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2014. air bags standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side air bags and head protection Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear.
air bags standard. ESC available, standard from 2008.

2010 $6,900 - $21,400 2010 $11,400 - $17,200
Trouble Cadillac CTS Trouble Cadillac Escalade
Spots 2011 $8,100 - $23,600 Spots 2011 $14,400 - $20,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,100 - $26,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $18,200 - $26,300
Engine, Major 4
0205
0505
0 *5
050 * * 2013 $9,700 - $29,700 Engine, Major
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2013 $20,200 - $29,500
Engine Minor 2
0205
0505
0 *5
050 * * 2014 $12,200 - $30,900 Engine Minor
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2014 $23,200 - $29,000
2015 $15,500 - $35,200 2015 $32,100 - $43,000
Engine Cooling 5
0102
0505
0 *5
050 * * 2016 $18,400 - $49,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2016 $38,600 - $48,500
Trans. Major 5
0405
0305
0 *2
040 * * 2017 $21,200 - $56,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2017 $43,400 - $58,600
Trans. Minor 2
0505
0305
0 *1
010 * * 2018 $24,100 - $64,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2018 $49,900 - $68,400
Drive System 2
0403
0203
0 *5
030 * * 2019 $27,200 - $72,900
Drive System
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2019 $57,500 - $79,300
Fuel System 5
0504
0505
0 *4
050 * * Fuel System
* * * * * *5
0 * * *
Electrical 5
0205
0503
0 *5
Electrical
* * * * * *4
Climate Syst. 3
0505
0502
0 *4
050 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *1
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0401
0104
0 *4
010 * * 2010 Good 4/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes 3
0403
0201
0 *2
050 * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2011 NT 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0 *5
050 * * 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2012 NT 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 4
0502
0503
0 *5
040 * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2013 NT 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0301
0302
0 *5
030 * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2014 NT 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0504
0 *4
050 * * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2015 NT NT 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 NT NT 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0404
0303
0 *4
050 * * Power Equip.
* * * * * *1
0 * * *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 NT 4 4 5/5
/
In-Car Electr. 1
0505
0501
0 *1
010 * * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2018 NT 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0303
0303
0 *2
010 * * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict * * * * * *1
0 * * * 2019 NT NT 5/5

C
Cadillac SRX Cadillac XT5
The first-generation SRX was a highly capable three-row SUV that The XT5 replaced the SRX as Cadillac’s 5-seat luxury crossover. it’s
felt taut and agile, and performed well with either the V6 or V8. Fit powered by a 3.6-liter V6 paired with an eight-speed automatic.
and finish fell short, though, and some controls were confusing. It Despite decent measured acceleration, it feels a bit lethargic in
was available with rear- or all-wheel drive. Redesigned for 2010, the everyday driving. Cadillac’s convoluted Cue infotainment system
SRX switched to a front- or all-wheel drive platform and emerged is a little more manageable, but the unintuitive gear selector is
as an agile contender with a well-trimmed interior. The third row maddening. A rear-camera system that displays in the rearview
was dropped and a 308-hp V6 became the sole engine, but the SRX mirror comes on top versions. The XT5 handles soundly, though the
feels lethargic in normal driving. Changes for 2013 included a revised ride is too stiff unless you opt for the active damping suspension
interior with supportive front seats and high-quality materials. But that comes on top-trim versions. Occupants are treated to a quiet
the back seats are snug, the wide roof pillars hurt visibility, and CUE cabin, supportive seats, and impressive cabin fit and finish. Forward
infotainment system is convoluted and frustrating to use. The SRX collision warning and automatic emergency braking are available.
was replaced by the XT5 after the 2016 model year.
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2010. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
air bags standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2010 $7,900 - $9,700 2010 -
Trouble Cadillac SRX Trouble Cadillac XT5
Spots 2011 $8,900 - $11,400 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,000 - $13,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 1
0104
0505
0505
0 2013 $11,200 - $15,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Minor 1
0404
0502
0505
0 2014 $12,700 - $17,900 Engine Minor 5
0505
0 2014 -
Engine Cooling 2015 $15,400 - $21,000 Engine Cooling 2015 -

4
0405
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0
2016 $18,200 - $24,800 2016 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0205
0505
0 Trans. Major 5
0505
0
2017 - 2017 $22,700 - $33,000
Trans. Minor 1
0103
0205
0404
0 Trans. Minor 3
0505
0
2018 - 2018 $25,200 - $40,400
Drive System 1
0101
0403
0505
0 Drive System 2
0404
0
2019 - 2019 $27,900 - $46,400
Fuel System 1
0103
0403
0505
0 Fuel System 5
0505
0
Electrical 4
0104
0503
0505
0 Electrical 5
0505
0
Climate Syst. 5
0301
0501
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0505
Suspension 1
0101
0203
0305
0 Suspension 3
0504
0
2010 Good 5/4 5/5 2010 - - -
Brakes 3
0202
0505
0504
0 Brakes 4
0505
0
2011 Good NT NT 2011 - - -
Exhaust 2
0104
0505
0505
0 Exhaust 5
0505
0
2012 Good 5/4 5/5 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0502
0401
0305
0 Paint/Trim 5
0505
0
2013 Good 5/4 5/5 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 3
0101
0203
0304
0304
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 4
0104
0501
0103
0 2015 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware 5
0505
0 2015 - - -
Power Equip. 2
0101
0101
0103
0
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 Power Equip. 2
0504
0
2016 - - -
In-Car Electr.
2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
4
0101
0101
0101
0 1
0205
0
Used-Car
2018 - - -
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Verdict 1
0101
0201
0304
0 2019 - - - Verdict 1
0403
0 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

C 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Cadillac XTS Chevrolet Avalanche
As a replacement for the plush DTS limo, the XTS falls short. It The Chevrolet Avalanche is a full-sized crew-cab pickup with a
handles better, but the ride is jittery and feels very ordinary for a unified bed and cab. An innovative mid-gate panel between the bed
luxury car, and the 3.6-liter V6 sounds coarse when prodded. Still, and passenger compartment can be folded down to make room for
the XTS has a quiet, posh, and beautifully finished interior, and the longer cargo. This feature allows the Avalanche to accommodate
seats are very comfortable. However, the touch-activated CUE a variety of different passenger and cargo loads. Fussing with all
infotainment interface is unintuitive and frustrating to use, and those pieces, however, can be a chore. Based on the Suburban, the
the high rear deck impedes the view aft. Various safety systems, Avalanche uses that model’s 5.3-liter V8 which provides impressive
including lane-departure detection, will vibrate the driver’s seat as a acceleration but isn’t terribly economical. The ride is commendably
warning. A high-performance Vsport version with a twin-turbo V6 is comfortable and quiet for a truck. 2007 brought a redesign with a
also available, and all-wheel drive is an option on all but the base- nicer interior. An optional backup camera helps to compensate for
trim versions. 2019 was the last year for the XTS . the very large rear blind zone. 2013 was its last year.

Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2010 - 2010 $10,500 - $15,300
Trouble Cadillac XTS Trouble Chevrolet Avalanche
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $12,600 - $17,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,900 - $19,100
Engine, Major 4
050 *5
050 * * 2013 $12,200 - $15,200 Engine, Major
* *5
050 2013 $17,500 - $22,700
Engine Minor 5
050 *5
050 * * 2014 $14,300 - $17,800 Engine Minor
* *5
050 2014 -
2015 $15,800 - $20,600 2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
050 *5
050 * * 2016 $17,900 - $25,900
Engine Cooling
* *2
050
2016 -
Trans. Major 2
030 *2
050 * * 2017 $19,900 - $31,200
Trans. Major
* *5
050
2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
050 *5
050 * * 2018 $23,400 - $37,200
Trans. Minor
* *5
050 2018 -
Drive System 5
020 *5
050 * * 2019 $25,800 - $43,900
Drive System
* *1
040 2019 -
Fuel System 1
050 *5
050 * * Fuel System
* *2
050
Electrical 4
040 *5
Electrical
* *1
Climate Syst. 1
040 *5
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *5
030 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 1
010 *2
050 * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* *1
020
2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes 5
050 *5
050 * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* *2
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 4
040 *5
040 * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* *5
050 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
040 *5
050 * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim
* *1
010 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
040 *5
* *1
010 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 4
020 *5
* *1
020 2015 - - -
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 - - -
Power Equip. 1
010 *5
050 * * Power Equip.
* *4
030
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr. 1
010 *1
010 * * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *5
050
2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
010 *3
050 * * 2019 Good 5/5 NT Verdict * *2
030 2019 - - -

C
Chevrolet Bolt Chevrolet Camaro
The Bolt is a game changer since it’s the first relatively affordable The Camaro takes classic muscle-car looks and sounds and injects
EV to have a robust driving range. This small hatchback is built them into a modern drivetrain and body. Our tested Camaro SS
around a large 60-kWh battery pack that sits under the car’s floor was very quick, thanks to its 6.2-liter V8, but the base 3.6-liter V6
and contributes to the car’s planted feel despite its tall stance. With also delivers decent performance. Handling is capable, but the car’s
200 electrified horses on tap, the Bolt accelerates with gusto. A full size and weight really hurt its agility. Braking performance on the
charge can take 9 hours on a 240-volt connector but with a 250 mile SS is excellent, and the taut and controlled ride isn’t that punishing.
range according to our measurement, you rarely have to do it. The However, the emphasis on interior and exterior styling undermines
battery gains about 25 mile of range per hour of charging through a practicality. It results in severely hampered visibility, difficult to read
240V connector. The Bolt is very quiet but the ride can get choppy. controls, a small trunk, and a tiny rear seat that is tricky to access.
Controls take some getting used to including the unintuitive shifter. The convertible has an awkward manual release for the top. The
The driver’s seat is short on lower back support and interior quality is 2016 redesign made the Camaro smaller and lighter, which made it
on the cheap side. feel nimbler. A turbocharged four-cylinder joined the lineup as the
base engine.
air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC standard from 2010. Side and
Drive Wheels: Front. head protection air bags standard from 2010.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 - 2010 $9,000 - $13,200
Trouble Chevrolet Bolt Trouble Chevrolet Camaro
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $9,600 - $14,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,500 - $23,700
Engine, Major 5
0505
0 * *5
0 *5
0505
050 * 2013 $11,700 - $26,700
Engine Minor 5
0505
0 2014 - Engine Minor 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0503
050 * 2014 $13,100 - $32,700
2015 - 2015 $14,800 - $35,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0 Engine Cooling 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0505
050 *
2016 - 2016 $19,200 - $26,100
Trans. Major 5
0505
0 Trans. Major 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0501
050 *
2017 $19,700 - $20,800 2017 $18,900 - $47,800
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0 2018 $21,800 - $23,600
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0501
010 * 2018 $20,200 - $54,000
Drive System 3
0405
0 2019 $24,500 - $26,700
Drive System 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0504
050 * 2019 $22,100 - $60,500
Fuel System 5
0505
0 Fuel System 0 *
3 *5
0 *5
0505
050 *
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0502
050 * Model Offset Full Side
Suspension 4
0505
0 Suspension 0 *
3 *5
0 *5
0505
010 *
2010 - - - 2010 NT 4/4 5/NT
Brakes 4
0405
0 2011 - - -
Brakes 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0105
050 * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0 2012 - - -
Exhaust 0 *
1 *5
0 *5
0505
050 * 2012 NT 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 0 *
5 *4
0 *5
0101
010 * 2013 NT 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0405
0 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0501
050 * 2014 NT 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0 2015 - - - Body Hardware 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0504
010 * 2015 NT 5/5 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 4
0505
0 Power Equip. 0 *
5 *5
0 *5
0505
010 *
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0103
0 In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 *1
0 *2
0103
040 *
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 5/4 Used-Car
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Verdict 3
0303
0 2019 Good 5/4 5/4 Verdict 0*
5 *5
0 *5
0301
010 * 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

C 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Colorado Chevrolet Corvette
The Colorado was first available with crude and noisy four- and five- The Corvette has nimble handling, excellent brakes, and a fairly
cylinder engines, and had an optional part-time four- wheel-drive system tolerable ride. Responsive, well-weighted steering and tenacious tire
that can’t be used on bare pavement. The Colorado’s handling is sound grip allow it to corner with confidence and agility. On the down side,
but unexceptional. The ride is unsettled, and the body quivers constantly. interior fit and finish is unimpressive. We found the convertible top
2007 brought a larger 3.7-liter engine. A V8 engine and standard ESC a nuisance to operate. The redesigned 2005 Corvette was slightly
were added to the 2009 models. The 2015 redesign made this truck smaller and lighter than the model it replaced. Base models get a
more maneuverable, and offered the choice of four-cylinder, V6, and 400-hp, 6.0-liter V8, but the Z06 uses a wicked 505-hp, 7.0-liter V8.
diesel engines. The ride remained choppy, but handling is responsive. Handling is capable, though the Corvette is less agile than a Porsche
These were the first small trucks to offer forward collision warning and 911. Interior trim and materials were improved, but still fell somewhat
lane departure warning, and a backup camera was standard. Updates short. A redesigned Vette arrived in 2014, with sharp-edged styling,
for 2016 included Android Auto and Apple CarPlay capability. An eight- a 455-hp V8, and, finally, an interior worthy of the price. Changes
speed automatic and more power on the V6 arrived for 2017. for 2016 include Apple CarPlay capability, a front curb-view parking
camera, and a power-activated hatch/trunk.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Head protection air bags standard Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2014.
from 2010. ESC standard from 2009. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags available,
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. standard from 2010.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 $5,200 - $11,800 2010 $14,200 - $44,500
Trouble Chevrolet Colorado Trouble Chevrolet Corvette
Spots 2011 $5,900 - $12,700 Spots 2011 $15,300 - $46,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,000 - $13,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $16,400 - $47,800
Engine, Major 4
0 *5
0 5
0505
0505
0 2013 - Engine, Major
* * * *4
0505
0505
050 2013 $17,600 - $49,700
Engine Minor 0 *5
4 0 5
0504
0405
0 2014 - Engine Minor
* * * *3
0505
0504
050 2014 $28,200 - $31,800
2015 $12,300 - $23,200 2015 $30,400 - $52,400
Engine Cooling 0 *5
4 0 5
0505
0505
0 Engine Cooling
* * * *4
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,700 - $25,500 2016 $32,600 - $55,500
Trans. Major 0 *5
5 0 5
0501
0103
0 Trans. Major
* * * *3
0104
0502
050
2017 $14,800 - $32,600 2017 $34,800 - $58,900
Trans. Minor 0 *5
5 0 3
0301
0102
0 2018 $15,800 - $34,200
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
0105
0502
050 2018 $37,200 - $63,200
Drive System 0 *5
5 0 4
0401
0205
0 2019 $17,500 - $36,100
Drive System
* * * *5
0505
0305
030 2019 $40,200 - $118,500
Fuel System 0 *2
5 0 4
0103
0305
0 Fuel System
* * * *5
0503
0505
050
Electrical 0 *5
2 0 4
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * *5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *2
3 0 1
0304
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * *5
0504
0404
Suspension 0 *4
5 0 2
0404
0405
0 Suspension
* * * *5
0505
0404
050
2010 Accept. 5/5 3/5 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 0 *4
1 0 4
0505
0505
0 2011 Accept. NT NT
Brakes
* * * *5
0505
0504
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 0 *3
4 0 5
0505
0505
Exhaust
* * * *5
0505
0505
050 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 0 *5
1 0 5
0505
0505
0 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * *5
0505
0502
040 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 0 *2
3 0 3
0304
0204
0 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * *5
0505
0502
050 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 0 *4
2 0 5
0505
0505
* * * *3
0505
0505
050 2015 NT NT NT
0 *4
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 2 0 3
0404
0505
0 Power Equip.
* * * *3
0505
0504
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 0 *4
4 0 1
0204
0303
0 In-Car Electr.
* * * *4
0204
0403
050
Used-Car
2018 NT NT NT
Verdict 0*5
3 0 3
0301
0101
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict * * * *3
0304
0301
030 2019 NT NT NT

C
Chevrolet Cruze Chevrolet Equinox
In 2011 the Cruze replaced, and greatly improved on, the The redesigned 2010 Equinox, which can be had with four-cylinder
unimpressive Cobalt as Chevrolet’s mainstream small car. It feels and V6 engines, is light years better than its predecessor. The V6
solid and substantial, handles nicely, and has a firm but steady and is quieter and delivers more effortless power but at the expense of
controlled ride. Two four-cylinder engines are offered: a base 1.8-liter fuel economy. It has a very roomy rear seat, and the interior is well
and an up-level turbocharged 1.4-liter. The latter has the edge in constructed. The ride is taut yet supple and controlled and handling
power delivery and quietness. Both, however, delivered a rather is responsive and secure. But fuel economy still falls short of the best
unimpressive 26 mpg. Noise levels are moderate, which is fairly good small SUVs. Redesigned for 2018, the Equinox came with a roomy
for this class. The well-finished cabin feels spacious up front, even and quiet interior, absorbent and controlled ride, and responsive
for tall drivers, but it’s cramped in the rear. Redesigned for 2016 handling. Forward collision warning and low-speed automatic
with a 1.4-liter turbo engine that got 30 mpg overall in our tests. A emergency braking are only standard on the upper AWD models.
diesel version was added a year later that got an impressive 41 mpg FWD models have these features as optional on the upper trims.
overall. 2019 was the Cruze’s last year.
Redesign/Freshening: 2011, 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
air bags standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2010 - 2010 $5,400 - $7,500
Trouble Chevrolet Cruze Trouble Chevrolet Equinox
Spots 2011 $5,000 - $6,200 Spots 2011 $6,100 - $8,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,500 - $7,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,900 - $9,900
Engine, Major 1
0101
0102
0304
050 * 2013 $6,200 - $7,400 Engine, Major 1
0101
0105
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,200 - $11,600
Engine Minor 1
0101
0303
0404
050 * 2014 $7,000 - $9,100 Engine Minor 1
0101
0104
0505
0505
050 2014 $9,700 - $14,100
2015 $7,500 - $10,300 2015 $10,400 - $16,600
Engine Cooling 1
0101
0101
0505
050 * 2016 $10,200 - $14,200
Engine Cooling 3
0403
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,000 - $17,700
Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
0405
040 * 2017 $11,500 - $15,300
Trans. Major 1
0305
0504
0505
0505
050
2017 $13,800 - $19,000
Trans. Minor 3
0502
0504
0504
040 * 2018 $12,600 - $16,500
Trans. Minor 2
0203
0405
0505
0505
050 2018 $16,400 - $23,600
Drive System 5
0504
0305
0204
050 * 2019 $13,600 - $17,500
Drive System 1
0103
0404
0405
0505
050 2019 $18,000 - $26,600
Fuel System 1
0102
0101
0503
030 * Fuel System 1
0102
0305
0405
0505
050
Electrical 5
0205
0403
0505
Electrical 1
0303
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0102
0102
0505
040 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0104
0403
0304
0405
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0405
0405
0504
050 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 3
0304
0304
0504
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 4
0405
0302
0505
040 * 2011 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 2
0103
0303
0204
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 4/5
Exhaust 4
0404
0305
0505
050 * 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 1
0102
0304
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Paint/Trim 5
0205
0504
0504
050 * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim 1
0103
0405
0404
0505
050 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0301
0301
0403
040 * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks 2
0102
0404
0404
0405
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware 5
0405
0504
0505
0304
0405
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 4/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/4 2016 Good 5/4 4/5
Power Equip. 5
0303
0101
0405
0405
0403
0404
0504
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/4 2017 Good 5/4 4/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0305
0402
0304
040 * 2018 Good 5/5 5/4
In-Car Electr. 1
0504
0405
0304
0503
030
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0101
0303
030 * 2019 Good 5/5 5/4 Verdict 1
0102
0204
0304
0504
040 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

C 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Impala Chevrolet Malibu
Prior to the 2014 redesign the Impala was a mediocre and outdated Avoid any Malibu built before the 2008 model. This version is more
sedan. Its various V6 engines got the job done, but weren’t very competitive thanks to its quiet interior, responsive handling, and
smooth or refined. Ride and handling were mediocre even by the comfortable ride. The interior was significantly upgraded, with better
period’s standards. The rear bench is uncomfortable and too low. materials and fit and finish. 2012 brought another redesign, based on
The 2006 freshening brought updated engines. Performance got the Buick Regal. The V6 engine option was dropped, but its normal
better and mileage stayed at an acceptable 20 mpg. But it wasn’t and turbo four-cylinders are quiet and refined. The rear seat is tight.
until 2014 that the Impala was completely redesigned and became Models with the leather seats are worth the upgrade. The stylish
an appealing option. With a contemporary interior and powertrain, 2016 redesign got smaller, more efficient turbo engines and a hybrid
a plush ride, and responsive handling, it outshone some luxury that got an impressive 41 mpg in our testing. Too bad the austere
sedans costing tens of thousands more. The roomy and quiet interior, interior is unremarkable. Advanced safety gear, including blind
and easy to use controls were other pluses. spot warning, forward collision warning and automatic emergency
braking, was readily available even on mid-level trim lines.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2013, 2016.
standard. ESC available from 2008, standard from 2010. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. ESC standard from 2009.

2010 $4,700 - $6,000 2010 $4,200 - $6,000
Trouble Chevrolet Impala Trouble Chevrolet Malibu
Spots 2011 $5,200 - $6,500 Spots 2011 $5,500 - $6,100
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,800 - $7,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,100 - $6,800
Engine, Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $6,600 - $7,800 Engine, Major 5
0103
0205
0503
0505
0 * 2013 $7,300 - $9,700
Engine Minor 1
0305
0505
0405
0505
050 2014 $7,800 - $16,000 Engine Minor 5
0505
0105
0503
0405
0 * 2014 $9,000 - $12,200
2015 $9,200 - $17,900 2015 $10,900 - $14,400
Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $10,300 - $18,300
Engine Cooling 5
0405
0205
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $12,200 - $18,000
Trans. Major 5
0105
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $15,400 - $19,000
Trans. Major 1
0305
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2017 $13,200 - $20,000
Trans. Minor 1
0105
0405
0505
0505
030 2018 $16,200 - $20,700
Trans. Minor 3
0305
0502
0505
0104
0 * 2018 $15,000 - $22,000
Drive System 1
0403
0204
0505
0505
050 2019 $17,200 - $22,400
Drive System 5
0403
0404
0402
0402
0 * 2019 $15,900 - $23,500
Fuel System 1
0304
0104
0304
0305
050 Fuel System 5
0105
0103
0501
0505
0 *
Electrical 3
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 4
0504
0305
0503
0503
Climate Syst. 3
0302
0205
0402
0303
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0404
0504
0503
0405
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 1
0102
0403
0402
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension 3
0201
0102
0504
0505
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
0101
0103
0505
0405
050 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 3
0102
0101
0304
0505
0 * 2011 Good 5/3 4/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
030 2012 Good 5/4 2/5
Exhaust 3
0203
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good 5/3 4/5
Paint/Trim 4
0504
0305
0404
0505
050 2013 Good 5/4 2/5 Paint/Trim 5
0105
0103
0504
0405
0 * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0103
0503
0401
0405
0505
0101
0502
0204
0 * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0505
0505
0504
0505
0405
0204
0505
0505
0 * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 4/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0402
0501
0204
0505
050 Power Equip. 1
0104
0404
0403
0404
0 *
2017 Good 5/4 4/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0404
0302
0303
0504
050
2018 Good 5/4 4/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0305
0304
0502
0304
0 * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0203
0304
0403
0304
040 2019 Good 5/4 4/5 Verdict 3
0104
0103
0401
0201
0 * 2019 Good 5/4 5/3

C
Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Chevrolet Sonic
Chevrolet’s full-size Silverado has powerful, efficient engines, an The standard Sonic uses an unimpressive 1.8-liter four-cylinder
inviting interior, responsive handling and a decent ride, but the engine, which makes the expense of upgrading to the modestly
powertrains aren’t as refined as some competitors’. Cabin access quicker and more fuel-efficient 1.4-liter turbocharged four-cylinder
is easy. Towing and payload capacities are generous. A redesign worthwhile. The six-speed manual transmission is somewhat balky,
for 2014 brought a more spacious cabin that is as quiet as a luxury but the automatic has to dig for gears constantly. Handling is fairly
car’s. Fuel economy is a decent 16 mpg, but the new truck feels nimble, the brakes are excellent, and the ride is civilized for this class.
sluggish. 2019 brought another redesign smooth power delivery from The sedan has a huge trunk and gives a better view out, but the
its 5.3-liter V8 engine, which got 17 mpg overall. The ride is stiff and hatchback version has more cargo versatility. Both offer a relatively
snappy, but the cabin is very quiet. Handling is sound and secure. quiet cabin, but the rear seats are cramped. Available options such
The infotainment system is easy to use. Rear-seat room in crew-cab as heated seats, a sunroof, remote start, and safety features such as
versions is immense, but the high step-in requires a climb. Forward forward collision and lane departure warning are rarities in this class.
collision warning and automatic emergency braking are optional. Crash-test results are impressive.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2019. Redesign/Freshening: 2012.

Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
available from 2007; standard from 2010. Side air bags standard from protection air bags standard.
2010. Drive Wheels: Front.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2010 $7,600 - $16,500 2010 -
Trouble Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Trouble Chevrolet Sonic
Spots 2011 $8,700 - $17,800 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,100 - $18,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $3,800 - $6,300
Engine, Major 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,900 - $20,300 Engine, Major 3
0102
0 * * * * * 2013 $4,300 - $7,800
Engine Minor 1
0402
0404
0505
0505
050 2014 $14,300 - $26,800 Engine Minor 4
0105
0 * * * * * 2014 $5,400 - $8,500
2015 $15,400 - $29,900 2015 $6,800 - $9,900
Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,700 - $32,700
Engine Cooling 2
0105
0 * * * * * 2016 $8,400 - $11,700
Trans. Major 5
0504
0504
0404
0505
050
2017 $17,800 - $36,100
Trans. Major 5
0405
0 * * * * * 2017 $10,400 - $13,200
Trans. Minor 4
0404
0404
0301
0204
050 2018 $18,000 - $39,900
Trans. Minor 5
0105
0 * * * * * 2018 $11,100 - $15,000
Drive System 3
0305
0405
0403
0404
040 2019 $25,800 - $46,800
Drive System 2
0405
0 * * * * * 2019 $12,600 - $16,900
Fuel System 1
0304
0404
0505
0405
050 Fuel System 1
0101
0 * * * * *
Electrical 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 5
0105
0 * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0301
0104
0405
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0101
0 * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
0404
0304
0305
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 NT
Suspension 1
0402
0 * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 4
0304
0202
0303
0405
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes 5
0505
0 * * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0101
0 * * * * * 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim 1
0103
0104
0404
0505
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 5
0305
0 * * * * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0505
0403
0304
0304
0104
0 * * * * * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 3
0202
0304
0404
0505
0405
0 * * * * * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0304
0303
0304
0305
050 Power Equip. 2
0203
0 * * * * *
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0304
0503
0303
0304
020
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0103
0 * * * * * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0304
0303
0202
0102
010 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0103
0 * * * * * 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

C 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Spark Chevrolet Suburban
Chevrolet’s tiny Spark four-seat city car has some nice features, but GM’s largest SUV can seat up to nine people, haul massive loads,
it isn’t a good deal. Its dinky 84-hp, 1.2-liter four-cylinder and jerky or tow big trailers. The Suburban shares its basic platform and V8
continuously variable automatic transmission combined to provide powertrain lineup with GM’s pickups. Power comes from a strong-
slow acceleration and its 32 mpg overall is not impressive for this but-thirsty 5.3-liter V8. it’s relatively agile and has good steering and
class. A four-speed automatic available in 2012 was no better, even brakes, along with an efficient six-speed automatic transmission.
with the standard manual transmission. The cabin is cramped and The interior looks good, but the third-row seats lack thigh support
relentlessly noisy, the ride is stiff and jittery. While not exciting to and don’t fold into the floor, as some competitors did by then.
drive, the Spark is maneuverable, easy to park, and boasts a rear The full-time four-wheel-drive system is a plus. The 2015 redesign
seat fit for two adults. An all-electric version is surprisingly fun, giving brought a sumptuous and quiet interior, power folding second- and
the Spark plenty of smooth and quiet power, but was only sold in a third-row seats, and available advanced safety features. Beyond
handful of states. that, it’s pretty much your tried-and-true Suburban, with a 5.3-liter
V8 and a six-speed automatic.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2015.
protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags available,
Drive Wheels: Front. standard from 2010. Head protection air bags standard.

2010 - 2010 $10,700 - $17,300
Trouble Chevrolet Spark Trouble Chevrolet Suburban
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $11,700 - $19,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,700 - $21,700
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2013 $5,200 - $5,300 Engine, Major 3
0304
0305
0505
0505
050 2013 $16,000 - $23,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2014 $6,100 - $6,200 Engine Minor 1
0505
0205
0405
0505
050 2014 $17,300 - $25,000
2015 $7,100 - $7,300 2015 $25,100 - $33,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2016 $8,100 - $8,600
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $30,500 - $57,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2017 $9,500 - $11,100
Trans. Major 2
0501
0505
0103
0505
050
2017 $33,200 - $59,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2018 $9,800 - $12,700
Trans. Minor 1
0405
0505
0101
0304
050 2018 $36,300 - $63,000
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2019 $11,300 - $14,300
Drive System 3
0505
0505
0201
0505
050 2019 $40,600 - $67,800
Fuel System
* * * * * * * Fuel System 5
0205
0505
0405
0305
050
Electrical
* * * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 4
0505
0505
0405
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0102
0303
0101
0304
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0101
0201
0102
0505
050
2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes 5
0205
0505
0303
0404
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 NT 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 2
0105
0502
0105
0505
040 2013 NT 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 2014 Good 4/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 4
0401
0403
0101
0203
040 2014 NT 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 2015 Good 4/4 5/5 Body Hardware 4
0205
0404
0104
0504
050 2015 NT 4/4 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 NT 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * Power Equip. 3
0405
0204
0101
0303
040
2017 Good NT NT 2017 NT 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 1
0305
0404
0101
0404
050
2018 NT 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict 3
0304
0305
0101
0202
040 2019 NT 4/4 5/5

C
Chevrolet Tahoe Chevrolet Traverse
This full-sized SUV offers impressive towing and an absorbent low- The Traverse has a spacious and quiet interior, with a third-row seat
speed ride. However, it offers little cargo space behind the raised roomy enough to accommodate adults. Seating for seven or eight
third row and the ride deteriorates on the highway. Handling is is available. Handling is responsive and the ride is comfortable. Rear
imprecise, the steering is vague, and the brakes are so-so. The visibility isn’t great, but clever extra mirrors reduce side blind spots.
interior looks good, but the third-row seats lack thigh support and The smooth 3.6-liter V6 and six-speed automatic returned 16 mpg
don’t fold into the floor. The full-time four-wheel-drive system is a overall. A minor freshening for 2013 brought an improved infotainment
plus. The 2015 redesign brought a sumptuous and quiet interior, system. The 2018 redesign gave the SUV a comfortable ride and
power folding second- and third-row seats, and available advanced responsive handling that makes it a challenger among three-row
safety features. Beyond that, it’s pretty much your tried-and-true SUVs. The 3.6-liter V6 engine supplies quick acceleration and gets
Tahoe, with a 5.3-liter V8 and a six-speed automatic. 20 mpg overall. We like the intuitive infotainment system. Forward
collision warning and automatic emergency braking are optional.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags available, Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2018.
standard from 2010. Head protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. air bags standard.

2010 $10,100 - $16,800 2010 $6,200 - $8,600
Trouble Chevrolet Tahoe Trouble Chevrolet Traverse
Spots 2011 $11,700 - $18,000 Spots 2011 $6,900 - $9,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,800 - $19,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,400 - $11,100
Engine, Major
*5
0505
0504
0505
0505
0 2013 $14,900 - $22,200 Engine, Major 3
0205
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,100 - $15,000
Engine Minor
*5
0503
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 $17,500 - $25,800 Engine Minor 5
0204
0103
0505
0504
050 2014 $12,000 - $17,500
2015 $24,000 - $34,600 2015 $14,600 - $20,400
Engine Cooling
*4
0505
0305
0505
0505
0
2016 $29,100 - $39,800
Engine Cooling 1
0205
0305
0505
0505
050
2016 $14,900 - $23,500
Trans. Major
*4
0504
0503
0505
0505
0
2017 $32,700 - $42,900
Trans. Major 5
0405
0405
0405
0504
040
2017 $16,700 - $26,800
Trans. Minor
*4
0505
0504
0305
0504
0 2018 $34,100 - $44,100
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0504
0305
0501
040 2018 $20,400 - $36,200
Drive System
*5
0304
0203
0404
0405
0 2019 $37,400 - $52,100
Drive System 1
0505
0405
0404
0503
040 2019 $22,900 - $42,500
Fuel System
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 Fuel System 4
0504
0205
0305
0505
050
Electrical
*4
0505
0305
0405
0505
Electrical 4
0204
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*3
0501
0201
0205
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0101
0101
0101
0404
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*4
0403
0201
0305
0505
0
2010 NT 5/5 NT
Suspension 1
0104
0104
0304
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*5
0504
0402
0305
0505
0 2011 NT 5/4 5/5
Brakes 4
0403
0204
0204
0405
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 NT 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
*1
0405
0302
0505
0405
0 2013 NT 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 1
0505
0305
0505
0305
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*5
0504
0302
0105
0405
0 2014 NT 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 2
0403
0105
0405
0404
030 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
*2
0504
0403
0505
0505
0 2015 NT 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware 4
0504
0405
0504
0405
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 NT 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*1
0404
0101
0103
0204
0 Power Equip. 1
0102
0104
0505
0302
050
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*5
0405
0403
0103
0404
0
2018 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0302
0405
0405
0303
050
2018 NT 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *4
0504
0301
0105
0305
0 2019 NT 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0104
0103
0103
0301
010 2019 NT 5/4 5/5

C 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Trax Chevrolet Volt
This bite-sized crossover, essentially a stripped down Buick Encore, The Volt is quick, quiet, and responsive, and uses a backup gas
is an ambitiously-priced budget model. Available in front- or all- engine to extend beyond its electric range. The first generation
wheel drive, the Trax has a 1.4-liter turbo four-cylinder and six-speed could run about 35 miles on electric power. Once the lithium-ion
automatic, which didn’t deliver performance or fuel economy. The battery is depleted, the unrefined 1.4-liter engine turns on to extend
cabin is narrow, cramped, and overall basic, with just a few niceties. the driving range. It takes about 4 hours to recharge on a 240-
The slanted rear hatch limits the ability to carry tall items in the volt supply and about 10 hours on 120 volts. We got 2.93 miles per
cargo area. Pronounced engine noise and stiff ride don’t add to the kWh overall and 32 mpg overall on gas mode. The all-electric cost
experience. Later models offered forward collision warning, lane advantage diminishes once you venture beyond the electric range,
departure warning, and blind spot warning. GM’s OnStar allows in part because the Volt requires premium fuel. Ride and handling
drivers to connect to a human attendant for help with navigation are sound. Visibility is wanting, controls are a jumble, and as a four-
and other concierge services although it requires a paid subscription. seater, practicality is compromised. A 2016 redesign made the Volt
quicker and quieter, and the ride and controls are improved. Electric-
Redesign/Freshening: 2015. only range is extended to 50 miles. 2019 was the Volt’s last year.
protection air bags standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2011, 2016.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
protection air bags standard.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Chevrolet Trax Trouble Chevrolet Volt
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $7,000 - $7,000
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,100 - $8,100
Engine, Major 5
0101
*5
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,300 - $9,300
Engine Minor 5
0505
*5
0505
0504
0504
050 2014 $10,900 - $10,900
2015 $10,700 - $12,900 2015 $12,400 - $12,400
Engine Cooling 5
0105
050 * 2016 $11,700 - $14,600
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $14,800 - $17,100
Trans. Major 5
0505
050 * 2017 $12,700 - $16,300
Trans. Major
*4
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $16,800 - $18,300
Trans. Minor 3
0105
050 * 2018 $13,700 - $17,700
Trans. Minor
*5
0505
0503
0405
050 2018 $18,300 - $21,000
Drive System 1
0505
050 * 2019 $14,900 - $19,700
Drive System
*1
0104
0103
0305
050 2019 $21,700 - $24,900
Fuel System 3
0105
050 * Fuel System
*3
0304
0404
0505
050
Electrical 1
0105
Electrical
*4
0504
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 2
0405
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*5
0102
0205
0404
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
0505
020 * 2010 - - -
Suspension
*5
0404
0205
0405
050
2010 - - -
Brakes 1
0403
050 * 2011 - - -
Brakes
*5
0405
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 2
0505
050 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
0504
020 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
*4
0505
0404
0505
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 3
0504
050 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
*4
0505
0403
0405
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
*5
0504
0305
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 2
0304
050 * Power Equip.
*3
0305
0405
0205
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0505
040 * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*4
0203
0103
0104
040
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0102
030 * 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict *4
0305
0204
0203
050 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

C
Chrysler 200, Sebring Chrysler 300
The long-running Sebring was never a very good car, more of a The Chrysler 300 offers a choice of two V6 engines or, in 300C
low-rent commodity car than an object of desire. It lacked agility, trim, a strong V8. That generation didn’t stand out: styling impeded
admitted too much road noise, and had a stiff, unsettled ride. For the view out and made the cabin feel claustrophobic. The 300C
2011 the Sebring was reworked and renamed the 200, getting a accelerated well but drank fuel and handling was unexceptional.
much nicer interior, a more compliant ride, and a strong, smooth V6. We found the ride in the V6 Touring trim to be supple and controlled
Handling remained underwhelming. Model year 2015 brought a total but the 300C felt stiffer. A much-improved redesign arrived for 2011,
redesign. While it represents a vast improvement over the previous making this car a respectable, large luxury cruiser. A smooth eight-
model, the 200 continued to trail the field by a considerable margin. speed automatic was added to the V6 in 2012 and extended to the
This is largely owing to klutzy handling, a thrashy base engine and V8s three years later. The touch-screen infotainment system is one
cramped packaging. Even in its most recent years, it suffered from of the best out there. Look for one with forward collision warning,
unsettled ride, hampered visibility and cramped rear seat. The 200 automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning, and blind
was dropped after 2017. spot warning.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC available, standard from 2011.
air bags standard. Head protection air bags available, standard in 2010. Side air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard in 2011.

2010 $4,300 - $5,800 2010 $5,600 - $13,400
Trouble Chrysler 200, Sebring Trouble Chrysler 300
Spots 2011 $4,800 - $7,200 Spots 2011 $8,100 - $10,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,300 - $8,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,000 - $19,500
Engine, Major
*1
0305
0 *5
0 * * 2013 $6,300 - $8,600 Engine, Major
* *3
0504
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $10,800 - $22,100
Engine Minor
*5
0505
0 *3
0 * * 2014 $7,300 - $12,600 Engine Minor
* *4
0502
0505
0505
0 * 2014 $12,200 - $25,600
2015 $10,000 - $13,800 2015 $13,800 - $19,200
Engine Cooling
*1
0305
0 *5
0 * * 2016 $11,500 - $16,100
Engine Cooling
* *5
0503
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $16,600 - $21,700
Trans. Major
*5
0505
0 *4
0 * * 2017 $13,200 - $17,700
Trans. Major
* *3
0304
0505
0505
0 * 2017 $18,100 - $24,000
Trans. Minor
*5
0404
0 *1
0 * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* *3
0504
0505
0305
0 * 2018 $18,300 - $24,000
Drive System
*3
0404
0 *1
0 * * 2019 -
Drive System
* *5
0503
0204
0505
0 * 2019 $20,100 - $26,600
Fuel System
*1
0304
0 *1
0 * * Fuel System
* *5
0505
0505
0505
0 *
Electrical
*5
0505
0 *4
Electrical
* *4
0503
0504
0505
Climate Syst.
*1
0101
0 *4
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *3
0101
0505
0305
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*1
0405
0 *3
0 * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension
* *4
0504
0505
0505
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*1
0304
0 *3
0 * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* *4
0204
0105
0505
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0501
0 *5
0 * * 2012 Good 4/3 5/4
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0504
0505
0 * 2012 Good 5/4 3/5
Paint/Trim
*1
0503
0 *4
0 * * 2013 Good 4/3 5/4 Paint/Trim
* *4
0505
0401
0205
0 * 2013 Good 5/4 3/5
Noises & Leaks
*3
0101
0 *5
* *3
0404
0404
0305
0 * 2014 Good 5/4 3/5
Body Hardware
*4
0503
0 *4
* *4
0505
0404
0405
0 * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 4/5
Power Equip.
*1
0102
0 *1
0 * * Power Equip.
* *1
0204
0104
0205
0 *
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 4/5
In-Car Electr.
*4
0103
0 *2
0 * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* *1
0401
0104
0104
0 * 2018 Good 4/4 4/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *1
0203
0 *1
0 * * 2019 - - - Verdict * *3
0402
0304
0305
0 * 2019 Good 4/4 4/5

C 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Chrysler Pacifica Chrysler Town & Country
The Pacifica name was resurrected for the new 2017 Town & Country The Town & Country is an upscale, seven-seat version of the
minivan replacement. The minivan is offered in seven- and eight- Dodge Grand Caravan. In pre-2008 models you can expect a fairly
passenger configurations and retains the handy fold-into-the-floor composed ride and secure handling. The handy Stow’n Go seating
second- row seats. But these seats have limited thigh support. The system that debuted in 2005 allows both rear rows to fold flat into the
3.6-liter V6 engine, paired with a nine-speed automatic transmission, floor. The standard 3.3-liter V6 provided lackluster acceleration and
provides ample power and gets a decent 21 mpg overall. Handling is unimpressive fuel economy. A stronger 3.8-liter V6 was also available.
responsive, the ride is comfortable, and the cabin is quiet. A plug-in The 2008 redesign brought new features, improved safety gear, and a
hybrid version is available with an electric range of about 30 miles quieter, more comfortable cabin, but handling, braking, fuel economy,
before it reverts to hybrid operation and gets 27 mpg overall. The and fit and finish still weren’t impressive. A 2011 update brought a
latest version of the UConnect touch-screen system is intuitive and new 3.6-liter V6 that considerably improved fuel economy, improved
easy to master. handling, and better interior quality. 2016 is the Town & Country’s last
model year, replaced by the much better minivan renamed Pacifica.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC, and ead protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2011.
standard from 2007. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC and Side and head protection air
Drive Wheels: Front. bags standard.

2010 - 2010 $5,500 - $7,700
Trouble Chrysler Pacifica Trouble Chrysler Town & Country
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $6,700 - $8,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,700 - $9,800
Engine, Major 5
0505
0103
0503
0505
0 2013 $9,000 - $11,500
Engine Minor 5
0505
0304
0403
0505
0 2014 $10,300 - $13,800
Engine Cooling 2015 - Engine Cooling 2015 $11,100 - $17,300

5
0505
0 4
0404
0505
0505
0
2016 - 2016 $15,200 - $19,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0 Trans. Major 2
0104
0403
0405
0
2017 $17,600 - $27,500 2017 -
Trans. Minor 1
0505
0 Trans. Minor 1
0103
0101
0403
0
2018 $19,900 - $28,400 2018 -
Drive System 4
0304
0 Drive System 4
0104
0405
0505
0
2019 $23,200 - $32,300 2019 -
Fuel System 4
0405
0 Fuel System 1
0104
0305
0405
0
Electrical 5
0505
0 Electrical 4
0402
0504
0505
0
Climate Syst. 4
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0202
0101
0305
Suspension 4
0105
0 Suspension 3
0404
0404
0405
0
2010 - - - 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
0505
0 Brakes 1
0101
0203
0305
0
2011 - - - 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0 Exhaust 4
0505
0405
0505
0
2012 - - - 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 1
0505
0 Paint/Trim 1
0102
0103
0403
0
2013 - - - 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 2
0405
0 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 1
0102
0203
0302
0 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0505
0102
0404
0402
0 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0205
0
2016 - - - Power Equip. 1
0101
0203
0402
0
2016 Good 4/4 5/5
2017 Good NT NT 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr. 1
0102
0 In-Car Electr. 3
0101
0203
0304
0
2018 Good NT NT 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0102
0102
0202
0303
0 2019 - - -

D
Dodge Avenger Dodge Challenger
The Avenger is a sedan-only twin of the unimpressive Chrysler This large retro-look coupe was reborn in 2008, derived from
Sebring. The 3.5-liter V6 was refined, but couldn’t mask the car’s the Chrysler 300/Dodge Charger siblings with styling inspired by
many flaws. The ride is stiff and unsettled, the interior uses cheap the original 1960s muscle car. While superficially resembling its
materials, and handling is ungainly. Along with the Chrysler Sebring, namesake, this is a larger and heavier car that comes up a bit short
the Avenger got an update in 2011 that brought a better ride, a on sporty credentials. It’s very quick in a straight line but handling
more-powerful V6 engine, and improved interior materials. Still, lacks agility. The brawny 375-hp V8 emits an invigorating growl,
not much could be done about the basic flaws of this car, and the and a larger V8 and smaller V6 are also available. It’s a fairly
family-sedan market is teaming with better choices. The Avenger comfortable and effortless cruiser. Easy-to-use controls, decent
was discontinued after the 2014 model year but lived on in some interior quality and the ability to seat five are pluses. Some tweaks
rental fleets. for 2011 made for more responsive cornering with a small sacrifice
in ride comfort. Updates in 2015 improved handling, making it more
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2011. balanced and capable.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
ESC available, standard from 2012. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2011.
Drive Wheels: Front. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Head protection air bags
standard.

2010 $4,400 - $5,000 2010 $9,500 - $17,100
Trouble Dodge Avenger Trouble Dodge Challenger
Spots 2011 $4,800 - $5,800 Spots 2011 $10,300 - $18,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,400 - $6,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,300 - $19,000
Engine, Major
* * * * * 2013 $6,100 - $7,600 Engine, Major
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2013 $12,600 - $20,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * 2014 $7,400 - $8,800 Engine Minor
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2014 $14,300 - $22,000
2015 - 2015 $16,400 - $41,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2016 $19,000 - $44,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * *2
050 *5
0 * 2017 $20,100 - $49,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * *2
010 *5
0 * 2018 $21,900 - $101,700
Drive System
* * * * * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * *2
050 *5
0 * 2019 $24,000 - $70,400
Fuel System
* * * * * Fuel System
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 *
Electrical
Electrical
* * * * *5
050 *5
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * *3
050 *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 2012 Good 5/3 3/5
Exhaust
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2013 Good 5/3 3/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2013 NT 5/5 4/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2014 Good 5/3 3/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * *1
040 *4
0 * 2014 NT 5/5 4/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * *5
050 *4
0 * 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * Power Equip.
* * * * *1
010 *3
0 *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *1
050 *4
0 * 2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * *2
040 *5
0 * 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

D 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Dodge Charger Dodge Dart
The Charger, a sibling of the Chrysler 300, arrived in 2006. It was Dodge’s first decent small car in decades debuted for 2013 but still
available with a 3.5-liter V6 or a 5.7-liter V8, which got only 17 mpg fell short. The 1.4-liter turbo has enough power but sounds thrashy,
overall in our testing. Suspension architecture relies on Mercedes- and the optional automated manual transmission is unrefined and
Benz hardware but that first version didn’t shine in ride or handling. stumbles at low speeds. The base 2.0-liter has a better six-speed
The SRT-8 is a high-performance V8 version. Look for a 2011 or later automatic transmission, but it still feels underpowered. A 2.4-liter
vintage because of significant improvements and better crash- four-cylinder became the primary engine choice starting in 2014. It
worthiness. That Charger was more responsive and comfortable, has more power, but falls short in fuel economy. Handling is taut and
with better visibility and a nicer interior. A slick eight-speed agile, and the ride is composed. Inside, the cabin is roomy up front
automatic was added to the V6 in 2012 and the infotainment system but the rear seat is tight, and the front seats aren’t very comfortable.
is one of the best out there. Exterior and interior updates arrived for The Uconnect touchscreen infotainment system is one of the best on
2015, further improving the Charger. the market. The Dart was discontinued after the 2016 model year.

Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC available, standard from 2012. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
Head protection air bags standard. Side air bags standard from 2011. protection air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 $5,600 - $12,600 2010 -
Trouble Dodge Charger Trouble Dodge Dart
Spots 2011 $7,700 - $11,400 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,600 - $18,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2013 $9,900 - $20,400 Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 $5,400 - $7,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2014 $11,400 - $23,200 Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 $6,600 - $9,600
2015 $14,700 - $39,200 2015 $8,100 - $11,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2016 $17,000 - $43,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 $9,200 - $12,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2017 $18,500 - $47,700
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2018 $21,100 - $52,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2019 $23,900 - $58,200
Drive System
* * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * *5
0 * * * Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
* * * * * *5
Electrical
* * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2013 Good 5/4 4/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2014 Good 5/4 4/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 Good 4/4 4/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * *3
* * * *
2017 Good 4/4 4/5 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2018 Good 4/4 4/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * *3
0 * * * 2019 Good 4/4 4/5 Verdict * * * * 2019 - - -

D
Dodge Durango Dodge Grand Caravan
The Durango’s 2011 redesign was a significant improvement over The Caravan and extended-length Grand Caravan have some good
the previous generation. Its 5.7-liter Hemi V8 provided quick points but have been mediocre competitors for years. Expect a quiet
acceleration, but at the expense of fuel economy. The seats are ride and OK handling. The Stow-’N-Go seating system that debuted
comfortable and the controls are easy to use. It has a roomy third- in Grand Caravans for 2005 allow both rear rows to fold flat into
row seat and strong V6 and V8 engines, both with impressive the floor. The standard 3.3-liter V6 provided lackluster acceleration
towing capacity. Handling is surprisingly agile. In 2014, the Uconnect and unimpressive fuel economy. A stronger 3.8-liter V6 was also
infotainment system arrived along with a new eight-speed available. A 2008 redesign brought new features and improved
automatic, which improved fuel economy and performance with safety, but handling, braking, fuel economy, and fit and finish still
both engines. Rear visibility is limited, so make sure to buy one with fell short. A major reworking for 2011 improved the ride and brought
the rear-view camera. Most trimlines were available with forward a nicer interior but still failed to measure up to the class-leading
collision warning, automatic emergency braking, and blind spot Honda Odyssey and Toyota Sienna. Blind-spot monitoring and
warning. cross-traffic detection were only available on the top trim.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags and head
standard. protection air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 - 2010 $5,100 - $5,800
Trouble Dodge Durango Trouble Dodge Grand Caravan
Spots 2011 $9,500 - $14,200 Spots 2011 $5,700 - $7,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,900 - $15,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,700 - $8,600
Engine, Major
* *4
0505
0505
050 * 2013 $12,500 - $18,100 Engine, Major 5
0103
0503
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $7,900 - $9,700
Engine Minor
* *1
0305
0105
050 * 2014 $15,200 - $21,000 Engine Minor 2
0304
0403
0505
0505
0 * 2014 $9,500 - $10,800
2015 $17,900 - $24,900 2015 $11,500 - $13,100
Engine Cooling
* *2
0304
0505
050 * 2016 $20,200 - $28,100
Engine Cooling 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $13,300 - $14,500
Trans. Major
* *5
0503
0504
050 * 2017 $22,100 - $31,400
Trans. Major 2
0104
0403
0405
0505
0 * 2017 $15,200 - $17,200
Trans. Minor
* *1
0502
0404
030 * 2018 $24,400 - $51,700
Trans. Minor 1
0103
0101
0403
0505
0 * 2018 $17,100 - $17,800
Drive System
* *5
0505
0305
050 * 2019 $26,800 - $55,200
Drive System 4
0104
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2019 $18,200 - $20,200
Fuel System
* *4
0403
0405
050 * Fuel System 1
0104
0305
0405
0505
0 *
Electrical
* *1
0505
0505
Electrical 4
0402
0504
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* *1
0103
0405
040 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0202
0101
0305
0405
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *1
0204
0405
050 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 3
0404
0404
0405
0502
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* *4
0505
0405
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 1
0101
0203
0305
0501
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0505
050 * 2012 Good 4/3 5/5
Exhaust 4
0505
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
* *4
0504
0404
050 * 2013 Good 4/3 5/5 Paint/Trim 1
0102
0103
0403
0405
0 * 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* *5
0303
0405
0102
0203
0302
0404
0 * 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* *5
0504
0505
0102
0404
0402
0405
0 * 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 Good 4/5 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* *5
0101
0101
0101
0203
0402
0404
0 *
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *2
0201
0404
010 * 2018 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0101
0203
0304
0405
0 * 2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *1
0302
0203
010 * 2019 Good 3/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0102
0202
0303
0503
0 * 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

D 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Dodge Journey Dodge, Ram 1500
The Journey is an inexpensive SUV, and performs accordingly. It is With its 2009 redesign, the Ram emerged as perhaps the most
a fairly compact vehicle that offers a tiny third-row seat. A noisy civilized full-sized pickup. Its coil-spring rear suspension helps lend a
2.4-liter engine is standard, but the punchier and more refined cushioned ride and handling is competent for such a big vehicle. Our
3.5-liter V6 engine was a better choice. Our tested V6 returned just Big Horn Crew Cab’s smooth 5.7-liter Hemi V8 and slick eight-speed
16 mpg overall, however. The ride is a bit unsettled and handling automatic averaged 15 mpg. The 2013 update brought a lighter
lacks agility, but is ultimately secure. Storage bins under the front- and stiffer frame, along with Chrysler’s advanced UConnect 8.4
passenger seat cushion and in the second row floor are handy. Some touchscreen interface. The trucks 2019 redesign added a mild-hybrid
had integrated child booster seats. The 2011 reworking brought option, ensuring smooth stop-start at idle without compromising
a nicer interior and a better V6, but the lack of agility and still- the A/C. We got 17 mpg overall with it. Handling is secure and
mediocre fuel economy keep it far out of the top ranks. responsive for such a large truck. The cabin is extremely quiet. In
most versions, four-wheel drive can remain engaged indefinitely, a
Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2011. plus. Rear-seat room is generous.
air bags standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2013, 2019.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection air bags standard.

2010 $5,200 - $7,600 2010 $8,000 - $16,400
Trouble Dodge Journey Trouble Dodge, Ram 1500
Spots 2011 $5,300 - $8,500 Spots 2011 $8,900 - $17,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,600 - $9,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,500 - $18,700
Engine, Major
* *1
0 * * * * * * * 2013 $7,700 - $11,200 Engine, Major 5
0501
0305
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,100 - $21,300
Engine Minor
* *1
0 * * * * * * * 2014 $8,800 - $13,000 Engine Minor 5
0505
0404
0405
0505
050 2014 $13,400 - $23,900
2015 $10,800 - $15,400 2015 $15,000 - $28,100
Engine Cooling
* *4
0 * * * * * * * 2016 $12,300 - $17,300
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,900 - $30,900
Trans. Major
* *5
0 * * * * * * * 2017 $13,400 - $17,700
Trans. Major 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $18,300 - $32,300
Trans. Minor
* *1
0 * * * * * * * 2018 $15,200 - $18,900
Trans. Minor 5
0204
0505
0404
0405
050 2018 $19,000 - $38,700
Drive System
* *2
0 * * * * * * * 2019 $17,500 - $20,500
Drive System 1
0304
0403
0304
0505
050 2019 $20,800 - $48,200
Fuel System
* *5
0 * * * * * * * Fuel System 5
0403
0401
0101
0405
050
Electrical
* *1
0 * * * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 3
0503
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* *1
0 * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0504
0504
0505
0404
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *3
0 * * * * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 1
0303
0504
0304
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 NT
Brakes
* *1
0 * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 4
0502
0303
0305
0405
010 2011 Good 3/2 5/5
Exhaust
* *5
0 * * * * * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/4
Exhaust 2
0501
0304
0303
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
* *5
0 * * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/4 Paint/Trim 2
0305
0303
0404
0404
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* *1
0 * * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/4 Noises & Leaks 1
0405
0404
0404
0504
030 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* *5
0 * * * * * * * 2015 Good 5/4 NT Body Hardware 5
0505
0305
0504
0304
050 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* *5
0 * * * * * * * Power Equip. 2
0203
0202
0202
0404
030
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *1
0 * * * * * * * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0401
0101
0402
0403
010
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *1
0 * * * * * * * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0403
0303
0102
0303
010 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

F
Fiat 124 Fiat 500
The Fiat 124 Spider is essentially a rebadged Mazda Miata, but The retro-styled 500 has agile handling, a willing engine, and a
it’s powered by a 160-hp, 1.4-liter turbo four-cylinder from the Fiat crisp-shifting manual transmission, which all combine to make
stable and gets its own exterior styling. Like the Miata, it can be the Fiat fun to drive. The little 101-hp, 1.4-liter four-cylinder and
paired with a six-speed manual or six-speed automatic transmission. five-speed manual returned 33 mpg overall, but it takes frequent
Though that’s a smaller engine than the Mazda’s nonturbo 2.0-liter, downshifts to keep up on the highway. Zippy around town and easy
the Fiat produces more readily available power. The Fiat has more to park, this two-door suffers from a choppy ride and a noisy cabin,
comfortable seats than the Miata has. Different suspension tuning which detract from the fun. The rear seats are very tight and difficult
lets the 124 corner with slightly less body lean. But the ride is jittery to access. Front-seat headroom is copious, but the cabin is narrow
and the cabin is very noisy with the top up. It takes some time to get and some may find the steering wheel too far away. The convertible
used to the controls, which are straight from Mazda. The sportier version has a clever sunroof feature. The sporty Abarth version
Abarth version features tighter handling. Like with the Miata, is quick and fun to drive, but the throaty exhaust note can grow
opening and closing the manual top is a breeze. The two-seater wearisome over time. 2019 was the 500’s last year.
cabin is very tight.
Redesign/Freshening: 2017. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
air bags standard. Drive Wheels: Front.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Fiat 124 Trouble Fiat 500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,200 - $6,600
Engine, Major
* * * 2013 - Engine, Major 4
010 *5
0 * * * * 2013 $5,000 - $8,600
Engine Minor
* * * 2014 - Engine Minor 1
050 *5
0 * * * * 2014 $5,700 - $9,700
2015 - 2015 $6,600 - $10,900
Engine Cooling
* * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling 5
050 *5
0 * * * * 2016 $7,800 - $12,600
Trans. Major
* * * 2017 $17,300 - $20,100
Trans. Major 3
010 *5
0 * * * * 2017 $9,700 - $14,600
Trans. Minor
* * * 2018 $18,900 - $21,700
Trans. Minor 1
010 *5
0 * * * * 2018 $11,800 - $17,700
Drive System
* * * 2019 $20,100 - $23,800
Drive System 4
030 *4
0 * * * * 2019 $14,100 - $19,000
Fuel System
* * * Fuel System 4
040 *5
0 * * * *
Electrical
* * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 5
050 *5
Climate Syst.
* * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
040 *5
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 2
050 *5
0 * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * 2011 - - -
Brakes 1
010 *3
0 * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
050 *5
0 * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 5/2
Paint/Trim
* * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 1
040 *3
0 * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 1
040 *5
0 * * * * 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware 1
010 *3
0 * * * * 2015 Good 4/3 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 4/3 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * Power Equip. 1
010 *1
0 * * * *
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 4/3 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
010 *1
0 * * * * 2018 Good 4/3 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 1
010 *3
0 * * * * 2019 Good 4/3 NT

F 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Fiat 500L Fiat 500X
More than an overgrown 500, the 500L is let down by a jerky The more time you spend with the 500X, the more its appeal wanes,
sequential automatic, stiff ride, flat seats, and odd driving position. thanks to its stiff ride, noisy cabin, restricted visibility, annoying
Around town, the 500L feels sluggish and hesitant, but that improves vibration when idling, and unsupportive seats. Styled like a burlier
if you choose the new conventional automatic. We like the 500L’s Fiat 500, the X is a sister vehicle to the Jeep Renegade, and it
easy access, commodious interior, and spacious backseat. A tiny shares some of the same virtues and weaknesses. Both models
five-inch screen is used to access the simple UConnect system. offer two four-cylinder engines: the 160-hp, 1.4-liter turbo and a
The car responds eagerly in turns and handles securely at its limits. 180-hp, 2.4-liter. Both are mated to a nine-speed automatic that
But the driving position is odd, with a bus-like steering-wheel rake is neither smooth nor responsive. Fuel economy, at 23 mpg overall,
and far-off, four-pillar windshield. The 500L scored a Poor in the is unimpressive for a vehicle this size. The interior has some flair,
IIHS small-overlap crash test. Apple CarPlay and Android Auto and a number of upscale features, such as heated seats, blind-spot
availability were new for 2018. warning, and lane-departure warning, are available.

Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Fiat 500L Trouble Fiat 500X
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2013 - Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2014 $6,200 - $7,900 Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 -
2015 $7,800 - $9,700 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2016 $9,500 - $11,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 $10,200 - $15,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2017 $11,300 - $13,500
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 $11,800 - $16,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2018 $13,300 - $15,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 $13,900 - $18,000
Drive System
* * * * * * 2019 $15,900 - $18,100
Drive System
* * * * 2019 $17,600 - $21,100
Fuel System
* * * * * * Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
* * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 - - -
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict * * * * 2019 Good NT NT

F
Ford C-MAX Ford Edge
Based on the Focus, the five-passenger C-Max hybrid is clever, The Edge arrived for 2007 with a 3.5-liter V6 mated to a six-
well finished, and practical. In testing we found it rides well and speed automatic, and either front or all-wheel drive. The ride
handles with agility, and we got an excellent 37 mpg overall. The was compliant, and the powertrain was quite strong but lacked
regenerative braking system helps fuel economy but makes the refinement. Handling wasn’t very agile and interior fit and finish was
pedal feel touchy. The 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine and electric unimpressive. A turbo four-cylinder in FWD models proved lively and
motor deliver adequate acceleration and seamless transitions, and returned 21 mpg. Our major beef was the distracting MyFord Touch
the C-Max can cruise in full-electric mode below 62 mph. The Energi control interface. The 2015 redesign is a much better all-around SUV.
version is a plug-in hybrid that can travel on electric power alone for The ride is comfortable and steady, and handling is confidence-
about 18 miles. The MyFord Touch infotainment system can be quite inspiring. It has a roomy, quiet, and classy cabin, and feels solid. The
frustrating to use. Cargo space is compromised by the large battery turbo four-cylinders are more pleasant than the V6. The MyFord
pack in the rear of the C-Max. The C-Max was discontinued after the Touch system was replaced with the excellent Sync 3 interface in
2018 model year. 2016.
Redesign/Freshening: 2013. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2011, 2015.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
protection air bags standard. air bags standard.

2010 - 2010 $6,300 - $9,700
Trouble Ford C-MAX Trouble Ford Edge
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $7,200 - $11,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,300 - $13,200
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
050 2013 $6,900 - $8,400 Engine, Major 5
0503
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,400 - $15,100
Engine Minor 4
0504
0505
040 2014 $8,500 - $10,300 Engine Minor 4
0505
0504
0405
0504
050 2014 $11,000 - $17,400
5
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $11,800 - $14,400 2016 $14,600 - $22,400
Trans. Major 3
0404
0505
050 Trans. Major 3
0505
0505
0405
0505
050
2017 $13,700 - $16,600 2017 $16,300 - $25,400
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 4
0305
0405
0405
0505
040
2018 $16,600 - $18,100 2018 $17,900 - $28,000
Drive System 3
0304
0405
050 Drive System 2
0103
0205
0504
0505
050
2019 - 2019 $20,700 - $34,000
Fuel System 5
0404
0505
050 Fuel System 2
0501
0305
0404
0505
050
Electrical 5
0404
0405
050 Electrical 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 4
0305
0305
Climate Syst. 4
0403
0302
0504
0505
Suspension 4
0303
0305
050 Suspension 3
0501
0303
0502
0505
050
2010 - - - 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes 5
0504
0505
050 Brakes 2
0101
0102
0405
0405
050
2011 - - - 2011 Good 3/3 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0203
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 - - - 2012 Good 3/3 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
0405
0405
050 Paint/Trim 2
0404
0505
0505
0504
050
2013 Good 4/4 5/5 2013 Good 3/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0504
0305
0204
0404
0403
0204
050 2014 Good 3/3 5/5
Body Hardware 3
0404
0505
0304
0405
0504
0404
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0204
0205
040
0301
0203
0404
0404
040
2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
1
0101
0104
050 4
0101
0204
0202
0504
020
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Verdict 3
0303
0305
050 2019 - - - Verdict 3
0302
0304
0403
0303
030 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

F 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Ford Escape Ford Expedition
Don’t consider a pre-2008 Escape, because of a tip-up in the The full-sized, seven-passenger Expedition is based on the Ford
government rollover test. Electronic stability control arrived on non- F-150 pickup truck. It has a spacious interior with comfortable seats
hybrids in 2008 and all versions in 2009, rectifying the problem. and room for three adults in the third row. The ride is steady and
Interior fit and finish was unimpressive and the cabin is noisy. The composed, and the truck feels relatively nimble for such a heavy
hybrid got 26 mpg overall. The 2013 redesign brought agile and vehicle. It has leisurely acceleration and abysmal fuel economy with
sporty handling and a composed ride, but also comes with the the 5.4-liter V8, but towing capacity is impressive. In 2015 a 3.5-liter
distracting MyFord Touch control interface. The interior is roomy twin-turbocharged V6 replaced the V8. Even though it is smaller,
enough, but the driver’s footwell is very narrow. Look for a version this engine significantly improves the way the Expedition drives.
with leather seats, which offer more support than the mediocre cloth The 2018 redesign brought a 10-speed automatic transmission.
ones. It’s one of the quietest small SUVs and is fun to drive. The rear We got 16 mpg overall with the turbo 3.5-liter engine. Handling is
seat is a bit low. Look for one with the 2.0-liter turbo, although fuel rather ungainly, and the ride is a bit stiff. The cabin is quiet, and the
economy isn’t stellar. controls are easy to use, including the rotary knob gear selector.

Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear.

2010 $5,700 - $6,900 2010 $7,900 - $13,400
Trouble Ford Escape Trouble Ford Expedition
Spots 2011 $6,400 - $8,200 Spots 2011 $7,600 - $14,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,200 - $9,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,000 - $16,900
Engine, Major 4
0505
0405
0505
0405
050 2013 $8,700 - $11,700 Engine, Major 4
0504
0504
0405
0505
050 2013 $11,400 - $20,200
Engine Minor 2
0403
0505
0405
0405
050 2014 $9,800 - $12,800 Engine Minor 3
0103
0504
0505
0405
050 2014 $13,200 - $25,800
5
0505
0404
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,200 - $17,000 2016 $19,800 - $36,600
Trans. Major 3
0405
0404
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $13,400 - $17,600 2017 $21,100 - $39,900
Trans. Minor 1
0303
0304
0504
0505
050 Trans. Minor 1
0403
0405
0505
0505
050
2018 $15,000 - $21,300 2018 $36,800 - $58,800
Drive System 3
0304
0303
0405
0405
050 Drive System 1
0401
0305
0504
0304
050
2019 $17,000 - $24,000 2019 $41,000 - $63,800
Fuel System 1
0103
0304
0405
0405
050 Fuel System 4
0502
0505
0504
0505
050
Electrical 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 1
0405
0505
0504
0505
050
Climate Syst. 1
0102
0303
0404
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0105
0401
0104
0404
Suspension 2
0304
0303
0405
0405
050 Suspension 3
0101
0302
0505
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes 4
0304
0303
0404
0505
050 Brakes 1
0303
0504
0105
0505
050
2011 Good 2/4 3/3 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 3
0204
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 2
0502
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 2/4 3/3 2012 NT 3/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 1
0101
0304
0505
0505
050 Paint/Trim 1
0101
0103
0103
0505
050
2013 Good 4/4 5/5 2013 NT 3/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0202
0202
0303
0204
0205
0405
0105
0204
050 2014 NT 3/4 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0201
0404
0504
0505
0102
0305
0102
0505
050 2015 NT 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 3
0404
0302
0403
0405
050
0304
0201
0101
0503
050
2016 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 NT 5/5 5/5
4
0403
0103
0402
0404
050 2
0304
0105
0202
0504
050
Used-Car
2018 NT 5/5 5/5
Verdict 2
0303
0303
0403
0204
040 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0303
0303
0201
0302
050 2019 NT 5/5 5/5

F
Ford Explorer Ford F-150
Older Explorers were truck-like SUVs that didn’t have a particularly The F-150 is Ford’s bread-and-butter full-sized pickup It was
refined ride, handling, or powertrains. For 2011 the Explorer adopted freshened in 2009, and gained standard electronic stability control
a car-based platform, resulting in a steady, absorbent ride and and a six-speed automatic transmission. Handling was secure and
versatile, well-finished interior. Handling is secure but not agile. The braking performance vastly improved. 2011 brought new engines
roomy interior included a third seat that’s even hospitable enough (two V6s and two V8s), some steering improvement, and minor
for adults. Unfortunately the driving position is a bit compromised interior upgrades. A redesigned F-150 arrived for 2015, with an
due to an intrusive left foot rest. The optional MyFord Touch control aluminum body that saved 700 pounds for better fuel economy.
interface is distracting to use, but more recent versions have the Updates included the transition from the oft-criticized MyFord Touch
Sync 3 system, which is much better. The standard engine is a touch-screen infotainment system to Ford’s new Sync 3 system,
punchy 290-hp V6; turbocharged four-and six-cylinder engines are providing a big improvement in usability and response time. The
optional. Look for Explorers with the available forward collision 2017 model offered a new 3.5-liter EcoBoost V6 engine and 10-speed
warning and blind spot warning. automatic transmission.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
air bags standard. ESC standard from 2009.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front; Rear. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear.

2010 $6,400 - $9,100 2010 $7,000 - $21,000
Trouble Ford Explorer Trouble Ford F-150
Spots 2011 $8,800 - $12,700 Spots 2011 $9,000 - $24,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,000 - $13,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,000 - $27,300
Engine, Major 5
0405
0503
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,100 - $16,400 Engine, Major 5
0305
0404
0505
0405
050 2013 $11,200 - $31,400
Engine Minor 5
0503
0404
0405
0405
050 2014 $13,000 - $18,100 Engine Minor 5
0404
0404
0404
0305
050 2014 $13,300 - $35,000
4
0105
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,700 - $30,000 2016 $17,900 - $37,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0504
0505
050 Trans. Major 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $19,500 - $33,200 2017 $19,300 - $53,700
Trans. Minor 5
0503
0503
0404
0405
050 Trans. Minor 1
0101
0205
0405
0404
040
2018 $21,300 - $36,600 2018 $20,400 - $57,400
Drive System 1
0204
0203
0405
0404
050 Drive System 3
0201
0403
0202
0304
040
2019 $24,000 - $41,300 2019 $24,200 - $63,200
Fuel System 2
0305
0104
0504
0405
050 Fuel System 3
0402
0405
0305
0505
050
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 4
0204
0404
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 1
0301
0101
0104
0405
Climate Syst. 2
0302
0202
0504
0505
Suspension 2
0201
0101
0101
0405
050 Suspension 3
0403
0504
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0501
0103
0404
0405
050 Brakes 3
0101
0101
0203
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 Good 4/3 5/5
Exhaust 5
0303
0303
0404
0305
050 Exhaust 3
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 4/4 5/5 2012 Good 4/3 5/5
Paint/Trim 4
0105
0101
0101
0304
040 Paint/Trim 1
0301
0405
0404
0405
050
2013 Good 4/5 5/5 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks 2
0205
0101
0303
0404
0403
0304
0303
0404
050 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware 3
0505
0402
0403
0404
0503
0404
0203
0404
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 3
0302
0304
0303
0304
050
0202
0303
0103
0304
050
2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
2
0101
0103
0403
0203
050 3
0102
0203
0302
0304
010
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Verdict 2
0303
0101
0201
0103
010 2019 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0202
0303
0102
0101
010 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

F 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Ford Fiesta Ford Flex
The subcompact Fiesta is about the size of a Honda Fit on the The Flex combines minivan-like versatility with an almost car-like
outside, but much less spacious inside. It’s offered in sedan and ride and handling. The vast cabin seats seven adults comfortably.
four-door hatchback bodystyles, and it drives nicely, with agile It has very spacious second-row seats, and rear-seat sunroofs
handling and a supple, controlled ride. Wind, road, and engine noise let in lots of light. The standard 3.5-liter V6 mated to a six-speed
are well suppressed. Interior fit and finish and equipment level are automatic transmission isn’t the most refined powertrain, but it pulls
impressive for a vehicle in this class, with soft-touch dash materials well and gets 17 mpg overall. The optional EcoBoost V6 delivers
and optional features like the MyFord Touch multimedia system. effortless power and the same fuel economy. The ride is comfortable
However, the rear seat is extremely cramped. The automatic is a six- and quiet, and the Flex has very good fit and finish. Among our
speed automated manual. In our tests the Fiesta feels slow, but fuel gripes is that the driver’s foot well is a little cramped on the left, the
economy is excellent. The sporty ST version is a blast to drive with its MyFord Touch control interface is complicated and distracting, and
turbo four-cylinder and manual transmission. The manual-only turbo the cockpit feels narrow. Look for a 2016 model that has the better
three-cylinder SFE version is aimed at maximizing fuel economy. The Sync 3 infotainment system, which has a simpler layout and larger
Fiesta was discontinued in 2019. on-screen buttons.


2010 - 2010 $6,400 - $9,000
Trouble Ford Fiesta Trouble Ford Flex
Spots 2011 $3,900 - $4,600 Spots 2011 $7,600 - $11,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,200 - $5,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,900 - $13,700
Engine, Major 4
050 *5
0 *5
0 * * * 2013 $4,700 - $5,800 Engine, Major 3
040 *5
0405
050 *5
0 * 2013 $10,900 - $14,100
Engine Minor 1
030 *5
0 *4
0 * * * 2014 $5,200 - $10,800 Engine Minor 5
030 *5
0505
050 *5
0 * 2014 $12,400 - $16,100
2015 $6,000 - $12,300 2015 $14,000 - $20,800
Engine Cooling 5
030 *5
0 *5
0 * * * 2016 $7,500 - $14,200
Engine Cooling 4
030 *4
0505
050 *5
0 * 2016 $15,600 - $24,000
Trans. Major 1
010 *1
0 *5
0 * * * 2017 $9,100 - $16,000
Trans. Major 5
050 *5
0505
050 *5
0 * 2017 $17,100 - $25,700
Trans. Minor 1
010 *1
0 *1
0 * * * 2018 $11,000 - $17,700
Trans. Minor 5
020 *5
0204
050 *5
0 * 2018 $18,600 - $25,500
Drive System 1
010 *4
0 *5
0 * * * 2019 $12,800 - $18,600
Drive System 4
050 *3
0202
040 *5
0 * 2019 $20,900 - $30,400
Fuel System 1
030 *4
0 *5
040 *1
0505
050 *5
0 *
Electrical 2
050 *4
0 *5
Electrical 5
030 *4
0505
050 *5
Climate Syst. 1
010 *2
0 *1
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
010 *5
0105
040 *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
020 *4
0 *3
0 * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 3
020 *1
0105
050 *5
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
020 *1
0 *5
0 * * * 2011 Good 5/4 4/5
Brakes 1
020 *3
0403
040 *4
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 1
030 *5
0 *5
0 * * * 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Exhaust 4
050 *5
0505
050 *5
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
030 *5
0 *4
0 * * * 2013 Good 5/4 4/5 Paint/Trim 5
040 *3
0505
030 *4
0 * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 1
020 *4
0 *5
0 * * * 2014 Good 5/4 4/2 Noises & Leaks 4
030 *2
0405
030 *5
0 * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 2
050 *5
0 *5
0 * * * 2015 Good 5/4 4/2 Body Hardware 5
050 *4
0505
040 *5
0 * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 1
010 *2
0 *2
030 *1
0101
040 *4
0 *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 2
030 *1
0 *3
0 * * * 2018 Good 5/4 4/4
In-Car Electr. 5
050 *1
0204
010 *5
0 * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
010 *1
0 *3
0 * * * 2019 Good 5/4 4/4 Verdict 3
030 *2
0103
040 *5
0 * 2019 Good NT NT

F
Ford Focus Ford Fusion
The Focus has always been an agile and solid car but flawed on The midsized Fusion has a firm and controlled ride, and alert and
several counts to give any used car buyer a pause. The redesign in responsive handling. The optional leather seats offer better support
2012 even brought sportier handling and a nicer interior in both four- than the standard cloth seats. Older versions had a 3.0-liter V6
door sedan and hatchback body styles. It’s a solid, substantial car that delivered some zip but only got 20 mpg. A hybrid version was
that’s fun to drive thanks to its agile handling and supple, controlled added for 2010. A 2013 redesign brought turbo and non-turbo four-
ride. The cabin is quiet, with good-quality materials, although cylinder engines and a more solid and upscale feel, with a supple
the driving position is narrow compared with newer competitors. ride, a quiet cabin, and handling rivaling a European sports sedan.
However, the automatic transmission is not smooth and has been Rear-seat room is tighter that in competing Honda and Toyotas, and
a source of problems. The MyFord Touch infotainment system is the infotainment system is complicated at first. The availability of
frustrating to use; 2016 and newer models got the superior Sync 3 all-wheel drive is a plus. We would opt for cars with the leather seats
system. The Focus was discontinued after the 2018 model year. since they are more supportive than the cloth ones. For 2016, a much
better Sync 3 replaced the convoluted MyFord Touch infotainment
Redesign/Freshening: 2000, 2012. system.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side and head protection air bags
standard. ESC available, standard from 2010. Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2013.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS standard from 2009. ESC standard from
2010. Side and head protection air bags standard.

2010 $4,000 - $5,000 2010 $4,900 - $5,900
Trouble Ford Focus Trouble Ford Fusion
Spots 2011 $4,500 - $5,400 Spots 2011 $5,400 - $7,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,900 - $6,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,400 - $7,900
Engine, Major 5
0505
0405
0504
0505
0 2013 $5,500 - $12,200 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,900 - $11,100
Engine Minor 4
0404
0402
0505
0505
0 2014 $6,300 - $13,300 Engine Minor 3
0504
0405
0505
0505
050 2014 $9,100 - $12,500
5
0505
0504
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $8,800 - $28,000 2016 $12,400 - $17,800
Trans. Major 4
0501
0101
0101
0104
0 Trans. Major 4
0505
0403
0405
0505
050
2017 $10,000 - $30,100 2017 $13,500 - $20,700
Trans. Minor 5
0201
0101
0101
0101
0 Trans. Minor 3
0504
0404
0404
0505
050
2018 $11,400 - $32,800 2018 $15,000 - $23,100
Drive System 4
0501
0102
0302
0303
0 Drive System 2
0204
0403
0405
0505
050
2019 - 2019 $16,100 - $26,100
Fuel System 4
0401
0102
0205
0105
0 Fuel System 2
0304
0403
0405
0505
050
Electrical 4
0404
0403
0505
0505
0 Electrical 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 1
0103
0304
0203
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0201
0304
0305
0504
Suspension 1
0104
0304
0503
0305
0 Suspension 2
0102
0302
0304
0305
050
2010 Good 4/4 5/4 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes 2
0304
0404
0304
0505
0 Brakes 1
0302
0404
0105
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 Good 4/3 5/3
Exhaust 5
0504
0405
0505
0405
0 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 5/4 4/5 2012 Good 4/3 5/3
Paint/Trim 1
0103
0302
0205
0405
0 Paint/Trim 4
0404
0304
0404
0505
050
2013 Good 5/4 4/5 2013 Good 5/4 3/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0102
0103
0201
0204
0403
0204
0304
0304
050 2014 Good 5/4 3/5
Body Hardware 3
0505
0404
0405
0504
0403
0305
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 3/5
Power Equip. 3
0301
0203
0504
0405
0
0404
0203
0304
0105
040
2016 Good 5/4 3/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/3 5/5
5
0302
0202
0503
0402
0 4
0405
0103
0203
0204
010
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/3 5/5
Verdict 3
0301
0101
0101
0101
0 2019 - - - Verdict 3
0304
0303
0204
0203
030 2019 Good 5/3 5/5

F 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Ford Mustang Ford Ranger
Ford’s iconic Mustang offers a lot of performance at bargain prices. As is the case with many small pickups, the Ranger’s ride is stiff
A freshening in 2010 brought more refined handling, upgraded and choppy. We found the 4.0-liter V6 rough and not particularly
interior materials, and standard electronic stability control. Don’t powerful or efficient. Handling is clumsy, and when unloaded, the
consider a pre-2010 example. Another redesign for 2015 added a rear wheels can step out on bumpy corners or washboard roads.
nicer interior, an independent rear suspension, and a turbocharged An extended cab provides extra interior room for luggage; however,
four-cylinder along with V6 and V8 engines. The turbo engine even children won’t be happy in the small jump seats. Extended-
delivers enough punch, but sounds raspy. The slick six-speed manual cab versions offered four doors starting in 1998. The narrow cabin is
is very satisfying to use, and the automatic works well. Handling is noisy inside and has rudimentary levels of comfort and fit and finish.
balanced, and the firm ride is well controlled. The Mustang got a 2011 was the last year for this generation of Rangers. An all-new
major makeover for 2018, with new exterior styling, more interior model returns for 2019, with a 2.3-liter, turbo four-cylinder engine
electronics, additional safety equipment, and new powertrain mated to a 10-speed automatic transmission. Forward collision
options’, including an available 10-speed automatic transmission. warning and automatic emergency braking are standard.

Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side air bags standard from 2008. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC and side air bags standard
ESC standard from 2010. from 2010. Head protection air bags standard from 2019.
Drive Wheels: Rear. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2010 $7,500 - $24,200 2010 $6,700 - $11,200
Trouble Ford Mustang Trouble Ford Ranger
Spots 2011 $8,500 - $25,900 Spots 2011 $7,600 - $12,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,600 - $28,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0405
0505
0504
050 2013 $11,000 - $34,900 Engine, Major 5
050 5
0 2013 -
Engine Minor 5
0503
0405
0404
0504
050 2014 $12,500 - $40,400 Engine Minor 3
050 4
0 2014 -

5
0505
0505
0504
0505
050 5
050 5
0
2016 $16,800 - $38,400 2016 -
Trans. Major 3
0503
0405
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 1
050 5
0
2017 $18,600 - $43,300 2017 -
Trans. Minor 3
0302
0505
0505
0504
050 Trans. Minor 1
040 5
0
2018 $20,100 - $49,500 2018 -
Drive System 5
0301
0205
0505
0305
050 Drive System 2
030 5
0
2019 $22,100 - $55,700 2019 $21,600 - $34,000
Fuel System 3
0501
0104
0404
0505
050 Fuel System 4
040 5
0
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
040 Electrical 5
050 5
0
Climate Syst. 1
0104
0301
0101
0205
Climate Syst. 2
050 5
Suspension 5
0505
0102
0502
0205
050 Suspension 4
040 5
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Accept. 5/4 5/NT
Brakes 3
0505
0504
0505
0505
050 Brakes 5
010 5
0
2011 Good NT NT 2011 Accept. 2/2 5/NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0504
050 Exhaust 5
050 5
0
2012 Good 4/5 5/3 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 1
0501
0103
0103
0405
030 Paint/Trim 4
030 5
0
2013 Good 4/5 5/3 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 1
0204
0102
0101
0404
050 5
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 1
0505
0101
0501
0404
040 5
0 2015 - - -
Power Equip. 5
0305
0505
0101
0504
050
040 5
0
2016 - - -
In-Car Electr.
2017 - - -
1
0504
0505
0201
0404
050 5
050 4
0
Used-Car
2018 - - -
Verdict 3
0404
0203
0101
0203
040 2019 Good 5/5 5/4 Verdict 3
040 4
0 2019 Good 5/4 5/5
144 USED
USED CAR BUYING
CARS GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS
CR.ORG/CARS
F
Ford Taurus Ford Transit Connect
The Taurus saw a number of big changes with its 2010 redesign. Early versions were intended primarily for commercial use, this
It put styling ahead of interior room and comfort, as well as driver tall van is based on the Focus and packs an impressive amount of
visibility. Still, it is a large, quiet, and pleasant sedan that rides and room. With its boxy shape and very tall roof, you’d be challenged to
handles competently, with good isolation from road imperfections. find more passenger space for the money. With the 2014 redesign,
The base V6 and six-speed automatic work well together. Interior fit the Transit Connect got closer to a minivan alternative. It has very
and finish is good, but the driver’s space is narrow. 2013 brought the steady ride and agile handling, but remains a rudimentary vehicle
convoluted MyFord Touch system, which made the controls worse. It at heart. It has an underpowered four-cylinder, low-rent interior,
was replaced in 2016 with the far-superior Sync 3 system. 2019 was cumbersome folding seats, and a skimpy feature set. Unlike a
the last year for the Taurus. minivan, you don’t get power doors or a rear-seat entertainment
system, and some lack Bluetooth connectivity. The base four-
Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2013. cylinder managed only 21 mpg, and we see little indication that the
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection up-level 1.6-liter turbo four would do much better.
air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2014.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC optional. Side and head
protection air bags standard.

2010 $5,700 - $7,300 2010 $4,200 - $4,700
Trouble Ford Taurus Trouble Ford Transit Connect
Spots 2011 $6,400 - $8,400 Spots 2011 $5,300 - $6,000
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,200 - $9,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,500 - $7,600
Engine, Major 4
050 *5
0405
050 * * * 2013 $8,400 - $11,800 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $7,600 - $8,700
Engine Minor 3
050 *5
0305
050 * * * 2014 $10,000 - $14,800 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $10,800 - $13,900
2015 $12,200 - $18,600 2015 $12,300 - $16,300
Engine Cooling 5
050 *3
0405
050 * * * 2016 $13,900 - $21,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $13,400 - $17,200
Trans. Major 5
050 *5
0505
050 * * * 2017 $15,400 - $23,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $14,400 - $17,800
Trans. Minor 2
050 *5
0505
050 * * * 2018 $16,800 - $26,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $16,000 - $19,000
Drive System 5
040 *5
0504
010 * * * 2019 $18,000 - $28,400
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $17,200 - $21,600
Fuel System 5
050 *4
0405
050 * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical 3
050 *4
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 1
010 *4
0305
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
030 *4
0405
050 * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
040 *4
0403
040 * * * 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 4
050 *5
0505
050 * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
020 *5
0403
040 * * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
010 *3
0204
010 * * * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 3
050 *3
0504
010 * * * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT 4/4 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 NT 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 3
040 *3
0201
* * * * * * * * * *
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 NT 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
030 *1
0505
030 * * * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
040 *4
0404
010 * * * 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT
CR.ORG/CARS CR.ORG/CARS
USED CAR BUYING GUIDE
USED CARS 1145
G 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
GMC Acadia GMC Canyon
The Acadia has a spacious and quiet interior, with a third-row seat The compact Canyon has an unsettled ride, and the body quivers
roomy enough to accommodate adults. Seating for seven or eight constantly. Handling is sound but unexceptional, and the 48-foot
is available. Handling is responsive and the ride is comfortable. Rear turning circle makes parking maneuvers a chore. The optional
visibility isn’t great, but clever extra mirrors reduce side blind spots. four-wheel-drive system is part-time only. Until 2009, the Canyon
The smooth 3.6-liter V6 and six-speed automatic returned 16 mpg offered only crude and noisy four- and five-cylinder engines. Then a
overall. A minor freshening for 2013 brought an improved infotainment smooth and powerful V8 was added. Updates for 2009 also included
system. The 2017 redesigned Acadia is shorter and lighter than the standard electronic stability control as well as the 300-hp V8. The
previous model. It uses a 3.6-liter, V6 engine as well as four-cylinder Canyon was dropped after 2012. A new model arrived in late 2014
engines. It has a comfortable ride and responsive handling that which offered a 200-hp four-cylinder or a 305-hp V6, both backed
makes it a challenger among three-row SUVs. We like the intuitive by a standard six-speed automatic. Updates in 2016 included
infotainment system. Forward collision warning and automatic Android Auto and Apple CarPlay and the addition of the optional
emergency braking are optional. 2.8-liter four-cylinder turbodiesel engine. Top trim models offered
forward collision warning and lane departure warning.
air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Head protection air bags available
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. from 2004, standard from 2010. ESC standard from 2009.

2010 $6,600 - $8,800 2010 $5,200 - $11,800
Trouble GMC Acadia Trouble GMC Canyon
Spots 2011 $7,600 - $11,700 Spots 2011 $6,100 - $13,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,800 - $13,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,200 - $14,900
Engine, Major 1
0204
0504
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,600 - $16,900 Engine, Major 4
0 *5
0 5
0505
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Minor 1
0102
0204
0405
0505
050 2014 $13,500 - $18,100 Engine Minor 0 *5
4 0 5
0504
0405
0 2014 -
2015 $14,700 - $21,300 2015 $11,600 - $24,900
Engine Cooling 4
0105
0405
0505
0505
050 Engine Cooling 0 *5
4 0 5
0505
0505
0
2016 $15,900 - $24,200 2016 $13,400 - $26,200
Trans. Major 2
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 0 *5
5 0 5
0501
0103
0
2017 $17,800 - $28,400 2017 $14,600 - $30,300
Trans. Minor 4
0301
0302
0505
0205
050 2018 $19,400 - $32,200
Trans. Minor 0 *5
5 0 3
0301
0102
0 2018 $15,700 - $32,900
Drive System 1
0202
0403
0205
0405
050 2019 $21,200 - $35,500
Drive System 0 *5
5 0 4
0401
0205
0 2019 $17,000 - $35,300
Fuel System 1
0102
0405
0503
0505
050 Fuel System 0 *2
5 0 4
0103
0305
0
Electrical 1
0103
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 0 *5
2 0 4
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0101
0101
0101
0304
Climate Syst. 0 *2
3 0 1
0304
0505
Suspension 1
0101
0101
0304
0505
050 Suspension 0 *4
5 0 2
0404
0405
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Accept. 5/5 3/5
Brakes 4
0202
0101
0304
0405
050 Brakes 0 *4
1 0 4
0505
0505
0
2011 Good 5/4 5/5 2011 Accept. NT NT
Exhaust 3
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 0 *3
4 0 5
0505
0505
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0202
0505
0504
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim 0 *5
1 0 5
0505
0505
0 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 3
0104
0201
0205
0101
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks 0 *2
3 0 3
0304
0204
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 3
0505
0305
0504
0504
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware 0 *4
2 0 5
0505
0505
0 2015 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 1
0101
0101
0201
0104
050
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 Power Equip. 0 *4
2 0 3
0404
0505
0
2016 Good 4/4 5/5
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0101
0103
0501
0103
040 In-Car Electr. 0 *4
4 0 1
0204
0303
0
Used-Car
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Verdict 1
0101
0101
0102
0203
050 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 0*5
3 0 3
0301
0101
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

G
GMC Sierra 1500 GMC Terrain
The full-size Sierra has powerful, efficient engines, an inviting interior, The Terrain is GMC’s entry in the small to midsized SUV segment.
responsive handling and a decent ride, but the powertrains aren’t It is a sibling of the redesigned 2010 Chevrolet Equinox but with
as refined as some competitors’. Cabin access is easy. Towing and more angular styling. The Terrain features a direct-injection 2.4-liter,
payload capacities are generous. A redesign for 2014 brought a four- cylinder engine that returned 21 mpg overall in our tested
more spacious cabin that is as quiet as a luxury car’s. Fuel economy Equinox. It is also available with a 3.0-liter V6 that is more refined
is a decent 16 mpg, but the new truck feels sluggish. 2019 brought and returned 18 mpg overall in our testing. We found the V6 model
another redesign smooth power delivery from its 5.3-liter V8 engine, had better steering feel, and the ride in both was taut and steady.
which got 17 mpg overall. The ride is stiff and snappy, but the cabin The roomy rear seat is comfortable for adults. With either engine,
is very quiet. Handling is sound and secure. The infotainment system the transmission is reluctant to downshift at times. A backup camera
is easy to use. Rear-seat room in crew-cab versions is immense, but is standard and handy to have. The 2018 redesign included available
the high step-in requires a climb. Forward collision warning and forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking, lane
automatic emergency braking are optional. keeping assist, and blind spot warning.

Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Head protection air bags and ESC Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
available from 2007, standard from 2010. Side air bags standard from air bags standard.
2010. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear.

2010 $9,000 - $16,900 2010 $6,800 - $8,300
Trouble GMC Sierra 1500 Trouble GMC Terrain
Spots 2011 $10,100 - $18,200 Spots 2011 $7,500 - $9,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,400 - $20,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,200 - $10,600
Engine, Major 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,600 - $22,700 Engine, Major 1
0101
0105
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,200 - $14,400
Engine Minor 1
0402
0404
0505
0505
050 2014 $13,700 - $27,300 Engine Minor 1
0101
0104
0505
0505
050 2014 $10,900 - $16,800
4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 3
0403
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,000 - $34,000 2016 $13,100 - $20,900
Trans. Major 5
0504
0504
0404
0505
050 Trans. Major 1
0305
0504
0505
0505
050
2017 $17,800 - $36,900 2017 $14,700 - $23,200
Trans. Minor 4
0404
0404
0301
0204
050 Trans. Minor 2
0203
0405
0505
0505
050
2018 $18,200 - $41,000 2018 $17,200 - $26,900
Drive System 3
0305
0405
0403
0404
040 Drive System 1
0103
0404
0405
0505
050
2019 $24,500 - $51,500 2019 $18,300 - $29,500
Fuel System 1
0304
0404
0505
0405
050 Fuel System 1
0102
0305
0405
0505
050
Electrical 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 1
0303
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0301
0104
0405
Climate Syst. 1
0104
0403
0304
0405
Suspension 3
0404
0304
0305
0405
050 Suspension 3
0304
0304
0504
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 NT 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 4
0304
0202
0303
0405
050 Brakes 2
0103
0303
0204
0505
050
2011 Good 4/4 5/5 2011 Good 5/4 4/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 1
0102
0304
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 4/4 5/5 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Paint/Trim 1
0103
0104
0404
0505
050 Paint/Trim 1
0103
0405
0404
0505
050
2013 Good 4/4 5/5 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0505
0403
0304
0304
0102
0404
0404
0405
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware 3
0202
0304
0404
0505
0304
0405
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 4/5
Power Equip. 2
0304
0303
0304
0305
050
0405
0403
0404
0504
050
2016 Good 5/4 4/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/4 4/5
3
0304
0503
0303
0304
020 1
0504
0405
0304
0503
030
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Verdict 3
0304
0303
0202
0102
010 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0102
0204
0304
0504
040 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

G 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
GMC Yukon GMC Yukon XL
This twin of the Chevrolet Tahoe shares a platform with the other The Yukon XL is a clone of the Chevy Suburban. It can seat up to
full-sized GM trucks. It has strong engines, a comfortable ride, and nine people and haul massive cargo loads or tow a 10,000-pound
a high-quality interior. The third-row seats lack thigh support and trailer. The Yukon XL handles commendably and has a well-
don’t fold flat into the floor, eating up cargo room. The powertrain controlled ride. The 2007 redesign brought more agility and better
we tested, a 5.3-liter V8 and six-speed automatic, was strong steering and brakes, and a more responsive six-speed automatic
enough but unrefined. Controls are mostly simple, but some are tiny transmission. The interior was also significantly upgraded, but the
and too far from the driver. The 2015 redesign brought a sumptuous third-row seats lack thigh support and don’t fold into the floor.
and quiet interior, power folding second- and third-row seats, and The 2015 redesign brought a sumptuous and quiet interior, power
available advanced safety features. Top-trim Denali versions offer a folding second- and third-row seats, and available advanced safety
larger V8 and plusher interior furnishings. features. Top-trim Denali versions offer a stronger V8 and plusher
interior finishes.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags available, Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2015.
standard from 2010. Head protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags available,
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear. standard from 2010. Head protection air bags standard.

2010 $10,000 - $15,000 2010 $10,900 - $14,900
Trouble GMC Yukon Trouble GMC Yukon XL
Spots 2011 $12,700 - $17,400 Spots 2011 $12,400 - $17,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,300 - $18,500 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,300 - $19,700
Engine, Major
*5
0505
0504
0505
0505
0 2013 $16,200 - $20,900 Engine, Major 3
0304
0305
0505
0505
050 2013 $15,800 - $21,200
Engine Minor
*5
0503
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 $18,000 - $25,200 Engine Minor 1
0505
0205
0405
0505
050 2014 $18,100 - $23,400
2015 $27,400 - $35,800 2015 $27,400 - $35,800
Engine Cooling
*4
0505
0305
0505
0505
0
2016 $29,400 - $41,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $30,800 - $41,700
Trans. Major
*4
0504
0503
0505
0505
0
2017 $33,000 - $47,000
Trans. Major 2
0501
0505
0103
0505
050
2017 $32,700 - $50,000
Trans. Minor
*4
0505
0504
0305
0504
0 2018 $35,600 - $49,400
Trans. Minor 1
0405
0505
0101
0304
050 2018 $36,300 - $56,400
Drive System
*5
0304
0203
0404
0405
0 2019 $39,200 - $54,800
Drive System 3
0505
0505
0201
0505
050 2019 $39,200 - $59,100
Fuel System
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 Fuel System 5
0205
0505
0405
0305
050
Electrical
*4
0505
0305
0405
0505
Electrical 4
0505
0505
0405
0505
Climate Syst.
*3
0501
0201
0205
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0102
0303
0101
0304
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*4
0403
0201
0305
0505
0
2010 NT 5/5 NT
Suspension 4
0101
0201
0102
0505
050
2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes
*5
0504
0402
0305
0505
0 2011 NT 5/4 5/5
Brakes 5
0205
0505
0303
0404
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 NT 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 NT 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim
*1
0405
0302
0505
0405
0 2013 NT 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 2
0105
0502
0105
0505
040 2013 NT 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*5
0504
0302
0105
0405
0 2014 NT 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 4
0401
0403
0101
0203
040 2014 NT 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
*2
0504
0403
0505
0505
0 2015 NT 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware 4
0205
0404
0104
0504
050 2015 NT 4/4 5/5
2016 NT 5/5 5/5 2016 NT 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
*1
0404
0101
0103
0204
0 Power Equip. 3
0405
0204
0101
0303
040
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 NT 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*5
0405
0403
0103
0404
0
2018 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0305
0404
0101
0404
050
2018 NT 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *4
0504
0301
0105
0305
0 2019 NT 4/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0304
0305
0101
0202
040 2019 NT 4/4 5/5

H
Honda Accord Honda Civic
The Accord is an excellent used-car choice. The four-cylinder engine is The Civic has long been known for lively handling, fuel economy,
smooth and frugal, and the V6 engine is quick and quiet. The Accord and reliability. Hybrid versions give up some performance and
is quiet overall, though some road noise creeps in. A Hybrid model has trunk space. The Si coupes and sedans have added more noise
also been available over the various generations. The 2008 redesign than friskiness. The 2012 redesign was a step backwards, with a
brought a larger body and roomier interior. Ride and handling are cheap interior, numb handling, and stiff ride, but more updates
very good, and the four-cylinder engine is smooth, powerful, and for 2013 helped significantly. The 1.8-liter four-cylinder is smooth
economical. The V6 is very quick, but gets just 21 mpg overall. Overall and returned 30 mpg overall with the standard CVT. The Hybrid
length shrunk a bit with the 2013 redesign, but the Accord remained returned 40 mph overall. Even the sporty 201-hp Si version got a
very accommodating and family-friendly. EX models and above have commendable 29 mph overall with the six-speed manual. The 2016
a convoluted touchscreen infotainment system that is frustrating to redesign became a much more substantial car but beware of the
use. The Hybrid returned for 2015 and got 40 mpg overall in our tests. turbo engines.
The 2018 redesigned Accord replaced previous four-cylinder and V6
with turbo four-cylinder engines. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012, 2016.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2013, 2018. ESC available, standard from 2012. FCW and AEB available from
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection 2016.
air bags standard. FCW optional from 2013, AEB optional from 2016. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 $6,300 - $7,800 2010 $3,900 - $8,000
Trouble Honda Accord Trouble Honda Civic
Spots 2011 $6,900 - $9,200 Spots 2011 $4,800 - $9,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,500 - $10,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,500 - $10,400
Engine, Major 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,800 - $14,600 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,100 - $13,100
Engine Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $11,300 - $16,600 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $9,500 - $15,400
5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,900 - $20,100 2016 $13,400 - $17,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $15,300 - $22,600 2017 $14,700 - $32,100
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2018 $19,000 - $27,600 2018 $15,100 - $33,800
Drive System 4
0405
0404
0505
0505
050 Drive System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2019 $21,700 - $31,000 2019 $17,100 - $35,200
Fuel System 4
0405
0505
0504
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
040
Electrical 3
0505
0303
0405
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 5
0405
0405
0504
0505
Climate Syst. 2
0204
0404
0501
0105
Suspension 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Suspension 5
0404
0505
0504
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/3 2010 Good 5/5 4/5
Brakes 2
0403
0403
0404
0505
050 Brakes 4
0503
0303
0404
0505
050
2011 Good 5/5 4/5 2011 Good 5/4 2/4
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 5/5 4/5 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Paint/Trim 3
0304
0505
0505
0505
050 Paint/Trim 1
0103
0405
0503
0405
050
2013 Good 4/4 5/5 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0405
0404
0505
0502
0504
0505
0503
0105
040 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0405
0304
0401
0304
050
0505
0504
0503
0402
040
2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
5
0505
0304
0403
0301
030 5
0404
0505
0501
0103
030
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Verdict 4
0505
0504
0504
0403
030 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 4
0505
0505
0503
0303
030 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

H 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Honda Crosstour Honda CR-V
Derived from the Accord sedan, the Crosstour is a four-door The CR-V has always been a good choice, with a spirited four-
hatchback with a raised ride height and either front or all-wheel cylinder engine, good fuel economy, strong reliability, and a roomy
drive. It combines the appearance and versatility of a wagon or interior. Handling is sound but not agile. Road noise has been our
hatchback without looking like an SUV. The Crosstour has a roomy main gripe, especially in pre-2012 models. Handling became more
interior with a wider cabin than the Accord, and benefits from the agile, with a firm yet supple ride. The 2012 redesign brought a little
added versatility of the rear hatch - but visibility is compromised. more space, marginally better power and fuel economy, a standard
The smooth and refined 3.5 liter V6 returned 21 mpg overall in backup camera, and more connectivity. It also brought a convoluted
our tests. A four-cylinder engine is available on front-wheel-drive infotainment system for EX versions. The latest version arrived for
versions. The ride is supple and composed, but the handling the 2017 model year, and featured more rear seat room, a well-
becomes SUV-like as it approaches its limits. 2015 was the last year finished interior, a turbo engine in EX and above trims, better fuel
for the Crosstour. economy, and up to date safety features.
Redesign/Freshening: 2010. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2012, 2015, 2017.

standard. FCW available from 2013. standard. FCW and AEB available from 2015.

2010 $7,200 - $9,600 2010 $7,300 - $9,700
Trouble Honda Crosstour Trouble Honda CR-V
Spots 2011 $8,400 - $11,000 Spots 2011 $8,400 - $11,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,400 - $13,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,600 - $14,000
Engine, Major 4
0 *3
050 * * 2013 $10,000 - $15,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,300 - $15,700
Engine Minor 0 *3
3 010 * * 2014 $12,400 - $17,200 Engine Minor 4
0404
0404
0505
0404
050 2014 $12,600 - $17,100
2015 $14,500 - $19,400 2015 $13,600 - $18,800
Engine Cooling 0 *5
5 050 * * Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 - 2016 $14,800 - $20,800
Trans. Major 0 *5
4 050 * * Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 - 2017 $17,600 - $24,600
Trans. Minor 0 *5
1 040 * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0404
0505
0405
050 2018 $19,600 - $27,700
Drive System 0 *2
4 020 * * 2019 -
Drive System 4
0504
0404
0505
0405
050 2019 $20,800 - $29,900
Fuel System 0 *5
5 040 * * Fuel System 4
0405
0505
0505
0405
050
Electrical 0 *4
4 010 * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *5
4 050 * * Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst. 1
0204
0404
0505
0405
Suspension 0 *3
4 020 * * Suspension 4
0405
0405
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *3
4 040 * * Brakes 4
0403
0403
0404
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 Good 4/3 3/5
Exhaust 0 *5
5 050 * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/5 5/5
Paint/Trim 0 *5
5 040 * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 4/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 0 *4
4 040 * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 3
0404
0403
0404
0404
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware 0 *5
5 050 * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
0 *5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 3 030 * * Power Equip. 4
0404
0505
0405
0204
050
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *5
5 030 * * In-Car Electr. 4
0504
0405
0405
0102
040
Used-Car
2018 - - -
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Verdict 0*4
4 030 * * 2019 - - - Verdict 4
0505
0404
0505
0203
040 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

H
Honda CR-Z Honda Fit ! Good Bet
Billed as a cross between the Insight hybrid and the sporty CRX from This cleverly designed and reliable little hatchback has easy cabin
the 1980s, the two-seat CR-Z hybrid uses a 1.5-liter four-cylinder access and an amazing amount of interior room. The rear seats can
gas engine paired with electric power for 122 hp overall. A Sport be folded flat, or the cushion can fold up, creating a deep, flat floor
mode livens things up a little, but the CR-Z never feels quick. We that can fit bulky items or a tall plant. While not overly powerful,
measured 35 mpg overall in our tests, which is not impressive for a the Fit feels responsive, with a smooth and willing engine and agile
hybrid. Handling is responsive and relatively nimble, but the CR-Z is handling. The ride is choppy, making the Fit an unpleasant choice
no sports car and the ride is jumpy. Having just two seats limits its for a long commute. The Fit came well equipped with standard
appeal and visibility to the rear is severely compromised. At least power accessories. 2009 brought a redesign, but only versions with
a rear-view camera is standard on all trim lines. The 2015 model the navigation system had stability control. We recommend buying
got an optional Honda Performance Development package, which a 2011 or later model, which have standard ESC. A 2015 redesign
includes a supercharger for the manual-transmission version as well made the Fit quicker and even more fuel-efficient. Updates for 2018
suspension, brake, and exhaust system modifications. 2016 was the brought the availability of automatic emergency braking, forward
final year for the CR-Z. collision warning, and lane departure warning.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
air bags standard. ESC available from 2009, standard from 2011.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 - 2010 $5,800 - $6,800
Trouble Honda CR-Z Trouble Honda Fit
Spots 2011 $5,400 - $6,000 Spots 2011 $6,500 - $7,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,300 - $7,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,400 - $8,400
Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2013 $8,800 - $10,100 Engine, Major 5
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0 2013 $8,200 - $9,700
Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2014 $10,300 - $12,000 Engine Minor 5
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0 2014 -
2015 $11,800 - $13,400 2015 $10,700 - $12,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2016 $13,400 - $15,300
Engine Cooling 5
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0
2016 $12,300 - $14,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0
2017 $13,900 - $16,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0 2018 $14,700 - $18,200
Drive System
* * * * * * 2019 -
Drive System 4
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0 2019 $16,300 - $19,400
Fuel System
* * * * * * Fuel System 5
0505
040 4
0405
0505
0
Electrical
Electrical 4
0305
030 4
0305
0505
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0101
030 3
0304
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 5
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
* * * * * * 2011 Good 3/2 3/NT
Brakes 4
0505
040 4
0505
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 3/NT
Exhaust 5
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 5/4 3/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 3/NT Paint/Trim 4
0505
030 3
0505
0405
0 2013 Good 5/4 3/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2014 Good 4/3 3/NT Noises & Leaks 5
0505
050 4
0305
0405
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2015 Good 4/3 3/NT Body Hardware 4
0505
050 3
0505
0505
0 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 4/3 3/NT 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * Power Equip. 4
0504
050 4
0403
0404
0
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
0405
050 4
0505
0203
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict 4
0505
050 3
0405
0504
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

H 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Honda HR-V Honda Insight
Based on the Fit subcompact, the HR-V SUV gets a versatile, For 2010 Honda introduced a new Insight that was more of an
cargo-friendly rear seat that flips up or folds down flat and low. alternative to the Toyota Prius. But its 39 mpg overall isn’t up to the
Considerably smaller and less expensive than the CR-V, the HR-V is standards of other small hybrids. In addition, interior fit and finish
also louder and the ride is stiffer. Handling is responsive and secure. is low rent, the car is slow and noisy, the back seat is cramped and
Power comes from a 141-hp four-cylinder driving either the front or requires ducking to get into, and the ride is stiff. Handling in base
all four wheels. But the HR-V feels underpowered, an impression versions of early model years without ESC is disconcerting. The
created by the CVT transmission amplifying engine noise during Insight was discontinued after 2014. A new Insight arrived for 2019,
acceleration. The Honda’s trump card is its excellent 29 mpg overall, and gets 54 mpg overall in our tests, which is 2 mpg better than
very flexible interior, and generous rear seat and cargo room. the Toyota Prius. The ride is comfortable, handling is secure but
Available premium features include heated leather seats, a sunroof, mundane, and the rear seat is relatively roomy. But the driver’s seat
and keyless entry, and a rear-view camera is standard. We prefer the is short on lower back support, and the controls are somewhat tricky,
LX trim over the EX for its simpler audio controls. including the fussy, push-button gear selector. Forward collision
warning and automatic emergency braking are standard.
air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC available in 2010, standard
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. from 2011. Side and head protection air bags standard from 2010.

2010 - 2010 $4,700 - $5,000
Trouble Honda HR-V Trouble Honda Insight
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $5,100 - $5,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,600 - $7,000
Engine, Major 5
0505
0 * * * * 5
0 2013 $6,300 - $8,200
Engine Minor 5
0505
050 2014 - Engine Minor 0 *
5 * * * 5
0 2014 $8,100 - $10,300
2015 - 2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
5 * * * 5
0
2016 $14,300 - $17,600 2016 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
050 Trans. Major 0 *
5 * * * 5
0
2017 $15,900 - $19,200 2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
050 2018 $16,600 - $21,400
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * * * 5
0 2018 -
Drive System 5
0505
040 2019 $18,200 - $23,600
Drive System 0 *
4 * * * 5
0 2019 $17,800 - $20,700
Fuel System 5
0505
050 Fuel System 0 *
5 * * * 5
0
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical 0 *
5 * * * 5
Climate Syst. 4
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 * * * 5
Suspension 5
0405
050 Suspension 0 *
5 * * * 5
0
2010 - - - 2010 Good 5/4 5/4
Brakes 5
0505
050 2011 - - -
Brakes 0 *
4 * * * 5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
050 2012 - - -
Exhaust 0 *
3 * * * 5
0 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0405
050 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 0 *
2 * * * 5
0 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
0105
050 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 0 *
4 * * * 5
0 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 4
0505
050 2015 - - - Body Hardware 0 *
5 * * * 4
0 2015 - - -
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 0 *
2016 - - -
Power Equip. 4
0405
010 Power Equip. 5 * * * 5
0
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
0405
5 * * * 2
0
Used-Car
2018 - - -
Verdict 4
0505
010 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 0*
5 * * * 4
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

H
Honda Odyssey Honda Pilot
The redesigned 2011 Odyssey did very well in our road tests, with The Pilot manages to combine the best virtues of a wagon, SUV, and
supportive seating, a comfortable ride, and a refined V6 and five- minivan. It’s among the better SUV choices for this class. The Pilot
speed automatic powertrain that returned 19 mpg overall. Top-trim delivers adequate performance yet respectable fuel economy; a
versions got a six-speed automatic. This version had responsive comfortable ride; secure handling; and seating for eight. Pronounced
handling, and a steady, supple ride. The cabin was relatively road noise was our only qualm in pre-2016 models. The standard
quiet, but some road noise persisted. There was room for eight split third-row seat folds neatly into the floor. Access is easy, and fit
occupants in the roomy, versatile interior. The third-row seat was and finish is impeccable. The Pilot grew a bit with the 2009 redesign
easy to fold down into its own well, for a flat load floor. The 2018 while retaining its impressive functionality. We got 18 mpg overall in
redesigned Odyssey packs in refinement, quietness, fuel economy, the 2012 model we tested. However, the interior isn’t as well finished
and a relatively intuitive infotainment system. The 280-hp, 3.5-liter as those in some competitors. Look for a model with the available
V6 engine supplies plenty of power and is teamed with a fairly rear-view camera. The 2016 version brought more connectivity, a
unobtrusive nine-speed automatic transmission. roomier interior, and more up to date safety equipment.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and air bags Head protection
standard. FCW optional from 2014. standard. FCW and AEB available from 2016.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front.

2010 $5,200 - $8,400 2010 $7,300 - $11,300
Trouble Honda Odyssey Trouble Honda Pilot
Spots 2011 $8,100 - $12,600 Spots 2011 $8,800 - $12,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,500 - $13,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,900 - $15,100
Engine, Major 2
0201
0304
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,500 - $16,000 Engine, Major 2
0402
0305
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,100 - $17,200
Engine Minor 3
0403
0405
0505
0505
050 2014 $11,400 - $18,200 Engine Minor 4
0304
0405
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,700 - $19,200
5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,100 - $24,900 2016 $17,800 - $27,800
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0205
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $18,200 - $29,200 2017 $21,400 - $32,200
Trans. Minor 5
0504
0403
0304
0504
050 Trans. Minor 4
0505
0505
0503
0305
050
2018 $22,500 - $33,200 2018 $24,300 - $35,300
Drive System 4
0405
0504
0505
0505
050 Drive System 4
0403
0404
0505
0405
050
2019 $25,900 - $38,200 2019 $26,400 - $39,700
Fuel System 3
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0504
0505
0503
0405
050
Electrical 3
0303
0304
0505
0505
050 Electrical 4
0305
0405
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 3
0404
0505
0405
0503
Climate Syst. 3
0505
0505
0504
0404
Suspension 2
0202
0303
0505
0505
050 Suspension 2
0301
0102
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0201
0101
0204
0204
050 Brakes 4
0301
0102
0204
0405
050
2011 Good 5/5 5/5 2011 Good 5/4 4/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 5/5 5/5 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 1
0102
0303
0505
0505
050 Paint/Trim 2
0103
0204
0404
0504
050
2013 Good 5/5 5/5 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0303
0203
0304
0104
0405
0305
0404
0404
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0203
0304
0405
0503
0405
0504
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0304
0403
0304
0201
040
0305
0403
0403
0405
050
2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
4
0304
0304
0204
0301
010 1
0304
0504
0401
0203
030
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Verdict 3
0303
0303
0404
0201
020 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0403
0304
0503
0304
030 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

H 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Honda Ridgeline Hyundai Accent
The car-based Honda Ridgeline is among the best compact pickups For most of its life the Accent has been a decent but uninspired
we’ve tested. The ride is supple and steady, like a good sedan, small car with secure, but not agile, handling was secure. It was hard
and handling is quite agile. The tailgate can open either vertically to find models with the optional ABS, and ESC wasn’t available at
or horizontally, and beneath the bed is a clever, weatherproof, all. Power came from a 1.6-liter four-cylinder that returned 28 mpg
lockable trunk. The standard 3.5-liter V6 engine is quiet, smooth, overall. The 2012 redesign made it better again, with responsive
and responsive but road noise is pronounced. The roomy crew handling, more comfortable front seats, and good fuel economy
cab is nicely detailed and easy to access. The five-foot-long cargo of 31 mpg overall with the automatic and 32 mpg overall with the
bed is made from a composite plastic material and has no wheel manual. The front cabin is roomy, but rear remains cramped, though
arch intrusion. While not designed for serious off-roading, it proved it is on par with the class. Noise levels are elevated, but not offensive.
capable in most off-road conditions. Towing capacity is 5,000 All of the controls are straightforward. Handling is fairly responsive,
pounds. A 2017 redesign, based on the Pilot, made the Ridgeline but the ride is jittery.
more conventional, and brought a level of ride and handling that’s
more refined than in conventional pickup trucks. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012, 2018.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side air bags and head protection air bags
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2017. standard. ESC standard from 2012.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: Front.
standard. FCW, and AEB available from 2017.

2010 $10,000 - $12,500 2010 $3,000 - $4,000
Trouble Honda Ridgeline Trouble Hyundai Accent
Spots 2011 $11,700 - $14,300 Spots 2011 $3,800 - $4,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,600 - $16,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,700 - $6,000
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0 2013 $15,500 - $18,600 Engine, Major
* *5
050 * *4
0 * * * 2013 $6,200 - $6,700
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0 2014 $18,000 - $22,900 Engine Minor
* *3
050 * *4
0 * * * 2014 $6,900 - $7,600
2015 - 2015 $7,600 - $8,100
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0
2016 -
Engine Cooling
* *5
050 * *5
0 * * * 2016 $9,100 - $9,800
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0
2017 $20,800 - $32,300
Trans. Major
* *4
050 * *5
0 * * * 2017 $10,600 - $12,200
Trans. Minor 3
0505
0405
0 5
0505
0 2018 $22,400 - $34,300
Trans. Minor
* *4
050 * *5
0 * * * 2018 $12,300 - $14,700
Drive System 5
0505
0504
0 5
0505
0 2019 $24,200 - $37,100
Drive System
* *4
050 * *4
0 * * * 2019 $14,100 - $16,500
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0 1
0105
0 Fuel System
* *1
010 * *4
0 * * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
Electrical
* *4
050 * *5
Climate Syst. 3
0505
0505
0 4
0303
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *2
050 * *5
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0405
0504
0 5
0505
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* *3
050 * *5
0 * * * 2010 Accept. 5/5 4/3
Brakes 2
0403
0202
0 5
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* *1
020 * *5
0 * * * 2011 Accept. NT NT
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
050 * *5
0 * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/3
Paint/Trim 1
0105
0404
0 4
0505
* *1
010 * *1
0 * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/3
Noises & Leaks 3
0405
0505
0 4
0304
* *3
030 * *4
0 * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/3
Body Hardware 4
0505
0404
0 4
0505
0 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* *4
050 * *5
0 * * * 2015 Good 5/4 5/3
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/4 5/3
Power Equip. 5
0405
0505
0 4
0504
0 Power Equip.
* *5
040 * *5
0 * * *
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/3
In-Car Electr. 5
0505
0505
0 3
0304
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *5
050 * *4
0 * * * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0505
0505
0 3
0203
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict * *3
050 * *3
0 * * * 2019 Good NT NT

H
Hyundai Azera Hyundai Elantra
The Azera large sedan has a smooth V6 with quick acceleration but The Elantra is relatively roomy and fuel efficient but not the most
only fair fuel economy at 19 mpg overall. The roomy interior is well refined among compact sedans. The 2011 redesign transformed
finished and quiet. Controls are straightforward. Pre-2012 versions the car. It brought a very good 29 mpg overall along with nimble
suffered from a bouncy ride and reluctant handling. But as a used handling and a fairly comfortable, well-controlled ride. The car
car the quiet, well-equipped Azera is a bargain. Standard equipment was well-equipped for the price, the interior was much larger,
includes electronic stability control. 2006 to 2011 IIHS side-crash- and controls were well laid out. Hatchback models with different
test results were acceptable when tested with the standard curtain designations are available for some model years, but were noisier,
and side air bags. Side-crash results improved to good starting with had a tighter back seat, and a stiffer ride. The 2017 redesigned
the 2012 redesign. The redesigned Azera became a better car, with delivered a relatively roomy interior, intuitive control, and an
improvements such as a steadier ride and a higher-quality interior. excellent 33 mpg overall from the 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine.
The Azera was discontinued after the 2017 model year. Handling is secure, and the ride is mostly unobjectionable. Available
safety features include forward collision warning, automatic
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012. emergency braking, and blind spot warning.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side air bags and head protection air
bags. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2011, 2017.
Drive Wheels: Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
ESC available from 2008, standard from 2011.

2010 $4,600 - $5,700 2010 $4,000 - $5,000
Trouble Hyundai Azera Trouble Hyundai Elantra
Spots 2011 $6,000 - $7,000 Spots 2011 $4,900 - $6,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,600 - $8,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,800 - $7,000
Engine, Major
* *5
0505
0 * * * 2013 $9,500 - $9,500 Engine, Major 4
0403
0404
0304
0505
050 2013 $6,700 - $7,900
Engine Minor
* *5
0504
0 * * * 2014 $10,700 - $12,800 Engine Minor 5
0104
0405
0405
0505
050 2014 $8,000 - $9,200
2015 $12,800 - $15,200 2015 $9,200 - $11,000
Engine Cooling
* *5
0505
0 * * * 2016 $15,100 - $17,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $10,700 - $12,600
Trans. Major
* *4
0405
0 * * * 2017 $17,300 - $19,100
Trans. Major 2
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $12,500 - $15,900
Trans. Minor
* *4
0405
0 * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 3
0204
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $12,700 - $17,500
Drive System
* *5
0505
0 * * * 2019 -
Drive System 4
0304
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $13,800 - $18,200
Fuel System
* *1
0204
0504
0305
0405
0505
050
Electrical
* *5
0305
Electrical 5
0504
0405
0505
0405
Climate Syst.
* *5
0405
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0404
0305
0402
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *1
0302
0 * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension 3
0401
0205
0405
0404
050
2010 Good 5/5 4/4
Brakes
* *5
0404
0 * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 3
0303
0202
0102
0504
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *4
0505
0 * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Paint/Trim
* *4
0504
0 * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 2
0302
0303
0404
0404
050 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks
* *4
0505
0 * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
0302
0203
0303
0405
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware
* *4
0505
0 * * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 4
0405
0405
0504
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 4/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 5/4 4/5
Power Equip.
* *1
0105
0301
0203
0303
0304
040
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/4
In-Car Electr.
* *1
0103
0 * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 5
0402
0204
0505
0504
040
2018 Good 4/4 5/4
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *4
0405
0 * * * 2019 - - - Verdict 3
0303
0304
0303
0403
040 2019 Good 4/4 5/4

H 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Hyundai Equus, Genesis G90 Hyundai Genesis, Genesis G80
Hyundai’s flagship has a comfortable ride, but motions can be a bit Hyundai’s upscale sedan is impressive, especially for the price. The
busy and handling is less than agile. The 4.6-liter V8 was originally refined V6 delivers quick acceleration and gets 21 mpg overall. A V8
mated to a six-speed, making for a smooth, refined powertrain. is optional, but doesn’t significantly improve performance. The car
Inside, the interior is spacious and well finished, but some controls Genesis has responsive and secure handling, but its weak link is the
are complex. Overall the Equus doesn’t quite measure up to the somewhat nervous ride. The interior is very quiet and well finished
established luxury brands. Available features include adaptive cruise and the spacious cabin has an unusually hospitable rear seat for a
control and a lane-departure warning system. In 2012 a four-seat midsized car. Controls are simple, but the optional navigation system
version arrived, along with a standard eight-speed automatic and adds a rather fussy rotary controller. In 2012 the Genesis received a
5.0-liter V8. The Equus was replaced by the Genesis G90 in 2017. The new eight-speed automatic, which helped the V6 get 22 mpg overall
G90 has a spacious and quiet cabin decked out in soft materials in our tests. The 2015 redesign brought available all-wheel drive
and trimmed in wood and chrome. The ride is cushy and cosseting. on the V6, an updated and more-luxurious interior, and advanced
Handling is responsive though not sporty. safety systems. For 2017, the model was renamed G80.

standard. standard.

2010 - 2010 $7,200 - $7,600
Trouble Hyundai Equus, Genesis Trouble Hyundai Genesis,
Spots G90 2011 $9,100 - $9,900 Spots Genesis G80 2011 $8,000 - $8,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,100 - $11,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,000 - $11,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
050 * 2013 $13,100 - $14,000 Engine, Major 2
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2013 $10,100 - $12,600
Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
040 * 2014 $15,800 - $16,900 Engine Minor 1
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2014 $12,200 - $14,900
2015 $18,200 - $19,500 2015 $17,700 - $18,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
030 * 2016 $22,200 - $24,500
Engine Cooling 4
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
0
2016 $19,800 - $22,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
050 * 2017 $34,100 - $37,500
Trans. Major 5
0503
040 *5
0505
0505
0
2017 $25,200 - $29,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *4
050 * 2018 $41,400 - $45,400
Trans. Minor 5
0501
030 *5
0505
0505
0 2018 $29,400 - $38,700
Drive System
* * * * * *5
040 * 2019 $50,200 - $54,800
Drive System 15
0405
0 *4
0505
0505
0 2019 $36,100 - $46,500
Fuel System
* * * * * *5
050 * Fuel System 3
0504
050 *4
0505
0505
0
Electrical
* * * * * *5
Electrical 1
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0204
050 *4
0403
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * *4
020 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 2
0404
050 *5
0504
0505
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * *5
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 2
0204
040 *4
0504
0405
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
040 *5
0505
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *4
0504
010 *3
0505
0505
0 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *4
0505
050 *3
0203
0405
0 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
040 * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 1
0403
040 *3
0405
0505
0 2015 Good 5/5 4/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 5/5 4/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * *5
0101
040 *1
0303
0505
0
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 4/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * *3
010 * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 1
0101
010 *1
0404
0305
0
2018 Good 5/5 4/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * *5
0403
050 *2
0504
0405
0 2019 Good 5/5 4/5

H
Hyundai Ioniq Hyundai Kona
The Ioniq is the first direct challenger to the Toyota Prius. Evoking The Hyundai Kona is playful and inexpensive, making it one of
the Prius silhouette and hatchback configuration, the Ioniq hybrid the more appealing subcompact SUVs. The base 2.0-liter engine
matches it as a fuel sipper with 52 mpg overall. Power comes from a is adequate around town, but it can feel sluggish under hard
1.6-liter four-cylinder engine which, combined with the electric drive, acceleration. We recorded 26 mpg overall with this engine in our
puts out a combined 139 hp. The six-speed dual-clutch transmission AWD model, typical for the class. The uplevel 1.6-liter turbo is
isn’t the smoothest and there’s some delay off the line. Like other stronger, but its power delivery is not as smooth or predictable.
hybrids it can drive on electric power at low speeds. Handling lacks Nimble handling makes the Kona feel very responsive in corners. The
agility and the ride is a bit unsettled but unobjectionable. The SEL ride, however, is stiff and the cabin gets loud because of road and
comes with a power seat for an affordable price. A suite of advanced engine noise. A power driver seat with lumbar support adjustment
safety features is available, including automatic braking, and blind- comes in an option package, rare in the segment. The controls
spot detection with rear cross-traffic alert. Android Auto and Apple are very easy to use. Forward-collision warning and automatic
CarPlay compatibility is standard. There are also plug-in and fully emergency braking are available. Android Auto and Apple CarPlay
electric versions. compatibility is standard.

standard. standard.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Hyundai Ioniq Trouble Hyundai Kona
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
050 2013 -
Engine Minor 5
0505
050 2014 -
Engine Cooling 2015 - Engine Cooling 2015 -

5
0505
0 5
050
2016 - 2016 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0 Trans. Major 5
050
2017 $15,400 - $18,000 2017 -
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0 Trans. Minor 5
050
2018 $17,400 - $21,200 2018 $16,000 - $21,800
Drive System 3
0504
0 Drive System 5
050
2019 $18,700 - $23,500 2019 $17,400 - $33,300
Fuel System 5
0505
0 Fuel System 5
050
Electrical 5
0505
0 Electrical 5
050
Climate Syst. 2
0405
Climate Syst. 5
Suspension 5
0505
0 Suspension 5
050
2010 - - - 2010 - - -
Brakes 4
0505
0 Brakes 5
050
2011 - - - 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0 Exhaust 5
050
2012 - - - 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 5
050 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 5
050 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 5
0504
050 2015 - - -
Power Equip. 2016 - - - Power Equip. 2016 - - -

4
0505
0 5
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr. 5
0503
0 In-Car Electr. 5
040
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0504
050 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

H 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Hyundai Santa Fe Hyundai Santa Fe Sport
The 2007 Santa Fe was a big improvement, including a standard Hyundai’s five-passenger midsized SUV is roomy and comfortable,
2.7-liter V6 and ESC, plus a new 242-hp 3.3-liter V6. A significant with a good ride and quiet interior. Power comes from a responsive
redesign took place in 2013, resulting in two versions. The smaller 190-hp, 2.4-liter four-cylinder mated to a smooth and responsive
Santa Fe Sport is a two-row model with a 2.4-liter four-cylinder that six-speed automatic. We got a very good 23 mpg overall with this
got 23 mpg overall or a 2.0-liter turbo four, while the three-row Santa drivetrain. A 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder is also available.
Fe got a 3.3-liter V6 that got 20 mpg overall in our tests. Handling Handling is sound and secure, but not exceptional, and the vague
is sound in both versions, and the ride is settled. Inside the well- steering doesn’t help. The well-finished cabin is packed with a lot of
finished, roomy cabin are many standard features, although buyers standard features. Rear visibility leaves a lot to be desired. In later
should make sure to find a version that is equipped with the backup years, it received a number of updates, including a more powerful
camera. Available safety features include lane departure warning 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder engine, and safety features such as
and automatic emergency braking. The redesigned 2019 Santa Fe automatic emergency braking and lane departure warning. The
is a five-passenger version that replaced the Sport and comes with Sport was dropped after 2018
four-cylinder engines.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2013, 2019. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags standard.
standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2010 $5,900 - $7,500 2010 -
Trouble Hyundai Santa Fe Trouble Hyundai Santa Fe Sport
Spots 2011 $6,500 - $8,200 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,100 - $9,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0502
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,500 - $13,400 Engine, Major 1
0403
0505
050 2013 $11,200 - $12,600
Engine Minor 1
0103
0305
0505
0505
050 2014 $13,000 - $15,900 Engine Minor 3
0505
0405
040 2014 $11,900 - $14,400
4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,300 - $21,800 2016 $14,300 - $18,600
Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050
2017 $17,800 - $25,200 2017 $15,900 - $23,400
Trans. Minor 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050
2018 $19,400 - $28,700 2018 $17,300 - $26,100
Drive System 1
0201
0205
0405
0505
050 Drive System 3
0403
0505
050
2019 $19,500 - $33,000 2019 -
Fuel System 3
0404
0203
0405
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0505
0505
050
Electrical 2
0504
0405
0505
0505
050 Electrical 4
0504
0505
050
Climate Syst. 4
0404
0101
0105
0405
Climate Syst. 3
0304
0405
Suspension 1
0101
0204
0505
0405
050 Suspension 3
0504
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 - - -
Brakes 1
0304
0204
0505
0505
050 Brakes 2
0301
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 4/4 5/1 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0304
0205
0305
0505
050 Paint/Trim 1
0405
0505
050
2013 Good NT NT 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 3
0202
0304
0305
0403
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0505
0405
0305
0505
0504
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0202
0203
0305
0505
050
2016 Good NT NT Power Equip. 4
0504
0505
040
2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
1
0302
0104
0405
0405
040 1
0303
0504
030
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Verdict 2
0303
0103
0305
0405
030 2019 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 2
0402
0505
040 2019 - - -

H
Hyundai Sonata Hyundai Tucson
The Sonata is a roomy, well-equipped sedan. The 3.3-liter V6 was We found the 2010 Tucson secure and responsive, well-trimmed, and
responsive and averaged 21 mpg, while the four-cylinder engine quite spacious inside, but the ride is stiff and road noise pronounced.
averaged 26 mpg. The 2011 redesign was a major leap forward. The styling also robbed some cargo space and hurt the view out.
The base four-cylinder returned 27 mpg overall, while the turbo A 2016 redesign brought a 2.0-liter engine that’s slow and can feel
four-cylinder got 25 mpg and delivered plenty of performance. strained; the 1.6-liter turbo is more powerful, but has vibrations at
Road noise is evident, however, and the swoopy styling made for low speeds. Ride comfort, handling agility, and noise suppression
challenging rear visibility and rear-seat access. The ride was firm, are commendable. The 2019 freshening brought standard froward
yet comfortable and handling was nimble. A redesign arrived for collision warning and automatic emergency braking. The 2.4-liter
2015 with a 2.4-liter four-cylinder and six-speed automatic that got engine is responsive and pleasant, but not very fuel efficient. Ride
28 mpg overall. The 2018 model year brought a facelift, changes comfort is agreeable, with decent bump absorption. Handling is
to the suspension and steering, and standard blind spot warning. responsive and secure, and noise suppression is par for the course.
Other available safety features include forward collision warning, Interior fit and finish is rather basic. The Tucson is quite roomy and
automatic emergency braking, and lane departure warning. the infotainment system is easy to use.

standard. standard.

2010 $5,200 - $6,600 2010 $6,400 - $7,900
Trouble Hyundai Sonata Trouble Hyundai Tucson
Spots 2011 $5,500 - $6,900 Spots 2011 $5,600 - $8,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,500 - $7,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,800 - $9,500
Engine, Major 5
0101
0202
0505
0405
050 2013 $7,100 - $9,500 Engine, Major
*3
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 $8,100 - $11,300
Engine Minor 5
0103
0403
0405
0405
050 2014 $9,400 - $12,100 Engine Minor
*3
0405
0405
0505
0505
0 2014 $10,200 - $13,700
2015 $10,800 - $15,300 2015 $11,800 - $15,400
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,400 - $18,700
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $13,900 - $18,500
Trans. Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $13,800 - $21,000
Trans. Major
*4
0405
0505
0305
0505
0
2017 $15,400 - $20,400
Trans. Minor 4
0404
0505
0505
0503
050 2018 $16,100 - $23,800
Trans. Minor
*3
0405
0503
0101
0305
0 2018 $16,800 - $22,900
Drive System 5
0302
0404
0404
0404
050 2019 $17,900 - $27,300
Drive System
*4
0105
0505
0103
0505
0 2019 $17,100 - $26,700
Fuel System 2
0303
0504
0505
0405
050 Fuel System
*5
0305
0405
0504
0505
0
Electrical 3
0103
0405
0404
0403
Electrical
*2
0505
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0303
0302
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*4
0203
0104
0405
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0101
0102
0505
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
*4
0404
0404
0505
0505
0
2010 Good NT NT
Brakes 1
0201
0402
0305
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
*5
0101
0504
0504
0504
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
*5
0405
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 1
0104
0304
0405
0505
*3
0203
0404
0504
0505
0 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 3
0304
0401
0405
0505
*5
0504
0401
0304
0205
0 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0405
0505
0505
0505
*3
0503
0505
0405
0505
0 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0101
0202
0404
0404
050 Power Equip.
*4
0503
0105
0304
0405
0
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0101
0303
0404
0304
050
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*2
0202
0203
0403
0405
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0101
0302
0404
0301
030 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict *4
0305
0405
0101
0305
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

H 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Hyundai Veloster Infiniti EX, QX50
The sporty Veloster hatchback has three doors, with the right- The EX was introduced as a 2008 model and is Infiniti’s offering
side rear door improving access to the tight rear seat. The 1.6-liter in the small upscale SUV category. It’s essentially a raised wagon
four-cylinder delivers adequate power. A dual-clutch, six-speed version of the Infiniti G sedan, with which it shares a very nice
automated manual and a conventional six-speed manual are powertrain. Like the G, the EX handles with agility, but this small
available. Handling is responsive and secure. While the ride is quite pseudo-SUV is quieter and has a slightly more comfortable ride
stiff, it isn’t punishing. Despite the split rear window, visibility to the than its sedan sibling. The rear seat, however, is very snug and the
rear is decent. Features include Pandora internet radio and the cargo area is small. Styling compromised rear visibility somewhat.
ability to send text messages via voice commands. A much quicker An optional lane-departure system beeps to remind drivers to keep
turbo version became available in 2013, with a strong 201-hp four- the vehicle on course. Infiniti changed the EX name to QX50 from
cylinder and a seven-speed automatic. The 2019 redesigned Veloster 2014 onward. Up-to-date safety features include blind spot warning,
hatchback’s base 2.0-liter engine isn’t very exciting; the 1.6-liter lane departure warning, lane keeping assist, and forward collision
turbo version fits this sporty coupe better. Handling is nimble and warning.
exhibits tenacious grip in sharp turns.
Redesign/Freshening: 2012, 2019. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front; Rear.

2010 - 2010 $8,500 - $9,600
Trouble Hyundai Veloster Trouble Infiniti EX, QX50
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $9,800 - $10,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,900 - $6,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,200 - $12,700
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2013 $8,000 - $9,200 Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0 2013 $12,600 - $14,600
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2014 $9,200 - $10,700 Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0 2014 $13,500 - $14,600
2015 $11,100 - $12,600 2015 $15,500 - $16,800
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2016 $12,400 - $14,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0
2016 $18,000 - $18,400
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2017 $13,700 - $17,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0
2017 $19,900 - $21,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2019 $15,800 - $22,900
Drive System
* * * * * *4
050 *5
0 2019 $26,500 - $35,700
Fuel System
* * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0
Electrical
Electrical
* * * * * *4
050 *5
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
050 *4
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * *4
050 *5
0
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * *1
010 *5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * * *5
050 *4
0 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 2014 Good 4/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *5
050 *4
0 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 2015 Good 4/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
050 *5
0 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 4/5 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * Power Equip.
* * * * * *4
050 *4
0
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * *4
040 *1
0
2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict * * * * * *4
050 *3
0 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

I
Infiniti FX, QX70 Infiniti G, Q40
The FX is a midsized SUV that drives more like a sports sedan. FX35 The G has a well-controlled ride, a quiet cabin, and a strong 3.5-liter
(later FX37) has a strong, smooth V6, coupled with an excellent five- V6 with an exceptionally smooth automatic. Routine handling was
speed automatic, provides instant throttle response and impressive agile, but emergency handling could be tricky. The all-wheel-drive
performance. The FX45 (later FX50) features a gutsy V8. The trade- G35X is a very nice but fuel-thirsty car. A 2007 update significantly
off is a stiff ride that transmits every bump. The cabin feels snug, improved the interior and controls. A larger 3.7-liter V6 was added to
partly because of the high door sills and low roof. Rear visibility the coupe for 2008, and the sedan a year later, when a seven-speed
is poor, and the wide turning circle makes parking cumbersome. transmission was also made standard. We didn’t think much of the
A 2009 redesign brought more powerful engines, a seven-speed convertible version that arrived in 2009. A less-costly G25, with a
automatic, and more high-tech safety gadgets. Responsive handling 2.5-liter V6 introduced in 2011, sacrifices a little acceleration but
and an eager powertrain remained high points, but the snug cabin gets much better fuel economy. Our pick would be a 2007 or later
and impeded outward visibility carried over as well. Infiniti changed model with all-wheel drive for buyers having to contend with snow.
the FX name to QX70 from 2014 until it was dropped in 2017. The G was renamed Q40 in 2015, and only offered the V6 engine. Its
replacement is the Q50.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2015.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. standard.

2010 $11,100 - $14,500 2010 -
Trouble Infiniti FX, QX70 Trouble Infiniti G
Spots 2011 $12,200 - $16,300 Spots 2011 $8,100 - $8,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,000 - $17,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,700 - $9,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2013 $14,800 - $19,400 Engine, Major 5
0405
050 2013 $12,000 - $13,600
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2014 $17,300 - $22,700 Engine Minor 5
0504
040 2014 -
2015 $19,200 - $20,500 2015 $14,100 - $15,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2016 $22,000 - $23,300
Engine Cooling 4
0505
050
2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2017 $24,800 - $26,200
Trans. Major 5
0504
050
2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
040 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2019 -
Drive System 5
0405
050 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * Fuel System 5
0504
050
Electrical
Electrical 5
0504
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Suspension 5
0405
030
2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 3
0303
030 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0402
040 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 4
0504
050 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 2
0301
020 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 4
0304
050 2015 NT NT NT
2016 Good NT NT 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * 2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 4
0302
040
2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
0404
040
2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict 5
0504
050 2019 - - -

I 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Infiniti Q50 Infiniti JX, QX60
While the Q50 sedan is quick, an underwhelming driving experience An SUV large enough for three rows of seating without the bulk
limits its sporty credentials. On the luxury front, fit and finish, ride of a full-size model, the JX offers a spacious, quiet, luxurious, and
comfort, and noise isolation aren’t impressive. Handling is lackluster, well-finished interior with room for seven. It has a comfortable ride
mostly due to the dull steering. Ride comfort is unsettled and suffers but handling lacks agility. Power comes from a 265-hp, 3.5-liter V6
from the run-flat tires. The punchy powertrain isn’t a model of paired with a continuously variable transmission. This powertrain
refinement and fuel economy is not impressive. For the class, the delivers smooth and adequate acceleration and returned 19 mpg
cabin is quite roomy and the rear seat is hospitable, but the front overall on premium fuel, but towing capacity is a low 3,500 pounds.
seat has a short cushion. Even more frustrating is the agonizingly A family-friendly feature is the ability to gain access to the third row
slow-responding touchscreen interface for the infotainment system. even with a child seat installed in the second row. Infiniti changed
The Q50’s trunk is narrow and shallow, which limits the amount of the JX name to QX60 from 2014 onward. It was freshened for
luggage that can be carried. the 2017 model year, with the V6 gaining 30 more hp and towing
capacity raised to 5,000 pounds.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Infiniti Q50 Trouble Infiniti JX, QX60
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0504
0305
0 * 2013 - Engine, Major 4
0304
0505
0505
0 2013 $14,300 - $15,400
Engine Minor 5
0505
0305
0 * 2014 $13,800 - $16,600 Engine Minor 5
0205
0505
0505
0 2014 $16,300 - $17,500
2015 $16,100 - $19,200 2015 $18,400 - $20,200
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $18,200 - $27,800
Engine Cooling 4
0504
0105
0505
0
2016 $22,100 - $24,000
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0 * 2017 $20,000 - $31,500
Trans. Major 3
0104
0505
0505
0
2017 $24,600 - $25,600
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0405
0 * 2018 $21,200 - $35,300
Trans. Minor 3
0102
0504
0505
0 2018 $27,000 - $28,200
Drive System 5
0505
0204
0 * 2019 $23,600 - $40,000
Drive System 5
0101
0105
0505
0 2019 $30,100 - $36,400
Fuel System 3
0405
0505
0 * Fuel System 5
0405
0505
0505
0
Electrical 4
0505
0405
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0101
0305
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0401
0403
0503
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0102
0404
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0105
0505
0505
0
2010 - - -
Brakes 1
0103
0405
0 * 2011 - - -
Brakes 5
0101
0102
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0503
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0404
0405
0 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 1
0101
0405
0305
0 2013 Good 5/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks 3
0401
0505
0102
0105
0505
0 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0404
0405
0305
0505
0405
0 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
2016 Good NT 5/5 2016 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0104
0505
0 * Power Equip. 1
0204
0503
0404
0
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0101
0401
0 * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0203
0204
0504
0
2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0102
0104
0101
0104
0503
0 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

I
Infiniti M, Q70 Infiniti QX56, QX80
The Infiniti M is a very capable rear- and all-wheel-drive sedan with Infiniti’s big SUV includes a more luxurious interior with standard
a comfortable interior and a choice of V6 or V8 power, positioned navigation and optional DVD entertainment systems. The V8 was
to take on the BMW 5 Series and Mercedes-Benz E-Class at a lower smooth and powerful, linked to a slick automatic transmission
price. Ride and handling were good, and the M was capable whether but the ride was stiff and engine noise pronounced. The interior
cruising on the highway or hustling along twisty country roads. The is spacious, but the third-row seat is small. The 2011 redesign
interior is plush and well constructed. Quick, quiet, and roomy, the moved to a new platform, and the SUV became a plush luxury
2011 redesign also scored well. A not-so-impressive hybrid version liner with a quiet, well-equipped cabin and supple, steady ride. A
was also introduced. Infiniti changed the M name to Q70 from 2014 high step-in, ungainly handling, and fuel economy of just 15 mpg
onward. It’s a roomy, fairly agile, and powerful car, although it is overall are detriments. Infiniti changed the QX name to QX80 from
short on the ultimate refinement. 2014 onward. For 2019 forward colliaion warning and automatic
emergency braking became standard.

2010 $8,000 - $9,900 2010 $15,100 - $17,500
Trouble Infiniti M Trouble Infiniti QX56, QX80
Spots 2011 $10,700 - $11,500 Spots 2011 $16,100 - $19,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,300 - $13,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $18,400 - $22,500
Engine, Major
*4
050 * 2013 $12,000 - $17,100 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $20,800 - $21,200
Engine Minor
*4
040 * 2014 $15,200 - $19,200 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $24,300 - $25,900
2015 $18,000 - $23,200 2015 $29,800 - $31,700
Engine Cooling
*4
050 * 2016 $20,200 - $27,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $33,500 - $39,100
Trans. Major
*5
050 * 2017 $23,400 - $31,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $37,500 - $46,400
Trans. Minor
*5
030 * 2018 $25,800 - $35,400
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $42,800 - $45,200
Drive System
*4
050 * 2019 $29,200 - $40,200
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $47,100 - $67,800
Fuel System
*5
040 * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
*4
Electrical
Climate Syst.
*4
030 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*4
020 * 2010 Good NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT 5/4 NT
Brakes
*5
020 * 2011 Good 5/3 4/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
*4
050 * 2012 Good 5/3 4/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
*1
050 * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*4
020 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
*5
030 * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 - - - 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
*5
040 * 2017 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
*2
050 * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *4
040 * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT 2/3 5/5

J 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Jaguar F-Pace Jaguar F-Type
Jaguar’s first SUV is based on a rear-wheel-drive platform shared Jaguar’s F-Type resurrects the brand’s sports-car heritage. Three
with the XF and new XE. The F-Pace is quick, thanks to its supercharged engines are offered: two V6s ranging from 340 to 380
340-hp, supercharged 3.0-liter V6, but the omnipresent engine drone horsepower and a 495-hp V8. The eight-speed automatic works
quickly becomes tiring. The S uses a 380-hp version of this engine, well but the shifter is fussy. For the convertible, Jaguar chose a soft-
and a 2.0-liter turbodiesel is the base engine. All versions come with top design in the interest of folding speed, lighter weight, and trunk
an eight-speed automatic and all-wheel drive. The F-Pace is taut space. In initial drives we noted that the body is solid and free of
and nimble, contributing to the lively driving experience. However, shakes, and open top motoring is free of wind buffeting. The exhaust
the ride is stiff and choppy. The seats are comfortable, but interior note is quite brash. The ride is very taut and controlled and handling
quality isn’t as impeccable as in the German competitors. The is responsive and capable, with communicative steering. The coupe
infotainment system is behind the times, utilizing a slow and fussy bodystyle can be had in an R version, which features a 550-hp V8. A
touch screen. Active safety features are available. turbocharged four-cylinder engine was new in 2018.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Jaguar F-Pace Trouble Jaguar F-Type
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0 * * 2013 - Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor 4
0 * * 2014 - Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2014 $25,400 - $33,500
2015 - 2015 $31,200 - $41,900
Engine Cooling 4
0 * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2016 $34,100 - $52,800
Trans. Major 5
0 * * 2017 $25,000 - $43,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2017 $31,800 - $79,400
Trans. Minor 5
0 * * 2018 $29,600 - $46,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2018 $38,900 - $88,500
Drive System 5
0 * * 2019 $35,600 - $65,300
Drive System
* * * * * * 2019 $49,200 - $104,100
Fuel System 5
0 * * Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical 5
Electrical
Climate Syst. 4
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0 * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 1
0 * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0 * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0 * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 1
0 * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0 * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 - - - 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 5
0 * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 1
0 * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0 * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

J
Jaguar XE Jaguar XF
The XE is an athletic compact luxury sports sedan. Base models Jaguar’s mid-level XF arrived for 2009 to replace the S-Type. It
get a 2.0-liter four-cylinder turbo. A more potent 340-hp, 3.0-liter brought first-rate handling and a comfortable, compliant ride.
supercharged V6 is the uplevel offering, and a diesel engine is The cabin is relatively snug, but beautifully finished, with a near-
also available. All engine are coupled to a smooth eight-speed bespoke quality. However, the low-slung styling takes a toll on cabin
automatic. Rear- and all-wheel-drive versions are available. Our access, visibility, and headroom, and the controls are needlessly
brief experience indicates that the XE is agile and fun to drive, with a complicated, particularly the fussy, slow-reacting touchscreen. The
comfortable ride. But the interior ambience is not as opulent as one 2016 redesign brought exceptionally comfortable ride that’s supple
might expect from a Jaguar. The rear seat is extremely tight and the and controlled. Handling, steering and braking are also first class,
infotainment system is not up to snuff. A host of advanced active making the XF a delight to drive. Unfortunately, the interior is more
safety and driver assistance features are available. run-of-the-mill than luxurious, and we found the air conditioning to
be weak. Updates for 2018 included a new 2.0-liter turbocharged
Redesign/Freshening: 2017. four-cylinder engine, and an all-wheel-drive wagon version called
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Sportbrake.
air bags.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2013, 2016.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.

2010 - 2010 $6,800 - $9,800
Trouble Jaguar XE Trouble Jaguar XF
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $7,400 - $13,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,600 - $17,500
Engine, Major
* * * 2013 - Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $9,800 - $31,800
Engine Minor
* * * 2014 - Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $12,500 - $35,200
2015 - 2015 $16,100 - $42,800
Engine Cooling
* * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $18,200 - $29,100
Trans. Major
* * * 2017 $18,500 - $31,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $18,400 - $34,500
Trans. Minor
* * * 2018 $21,300 - $40,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $24,700 - $47,900
Drive System
* * * 2019 $24,300 - $46,900
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $32,200 - $54,400
Fuel System
* * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 - - - 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

J 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Jaguar XJ Jaguar XK
For a large luxury car the XJ has always had a rather tight cabin, The stylish XK coupe and convertible deftly blend traditional wood-
albeit one replete with plush leather and wood trim. The front and-leather luxury with satisfying athleticism. For 2007, the XK was
seats are nicely shaped, but cramped. Long-wheelbase models redesigned with an all-aluminum body. The aluminum structure in
comfortably hold three in the rear seat. Handling was fairly nimble, the convertible is free of typical convertible body-flex problems.
and the ride comfortable. The 2011 redesign transformed the car, Handling is quite nimble considering the comfortable ride, and the
giving it graceful and nimble handling, and a comfortable, supple V8 engines are smooth and muscular. The supple, controlled ride is
ride. It is truly a fun-to-drive sports sedan, and offered a range of graceful, befitting the brand. The cabin is furnished with plenty of
powerful V8s. We liked the power and the plush appointments inside wood and aromatic leather. Two kids can fit in the small rear seats.
the quiet interior, but we were unimpressed with the complex, slow- Although most competitors used a folding hardtop, the Jaguar sticks
acting touch-screen control interface. Head room is a little skimpy to a cloth one, which provides good noise insulation and lets the
and the trunk is small for such a large sedan. car retain a decent trunk. Rear visibility is a challenge, however. The
touch screen infotainment system is very slow. 2015 was the last year
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2011. for the XK.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 - 2010 $9,600 - $16,300
Trouble Jaguar XJ Trouble Jaguar XK
Spots 2011 $10,800 - $15,600 Spots 2011 $10,200 - $19,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,500 - $20,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,900 - $38,000
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $14,800 - $42,600 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2013 $13,700 - $39,300
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $18,800 - $33,600 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2014 $19,100 - $94,200
2015 $23,600 - $43,400 2015 $29,800 - $60,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $25,600 - $56,800
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $35,100 - $66,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $44,800 - $87,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $56,000 - $100,600
Drive System
* * * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 NT NT NT 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * 2019 - - -

J
Jeep Cherokee Jeep Compass
The Cherokee is too underdeveloped and unrefined. If you have your We would skip the Compass entirely. Originally, it was a small,
heart set on one, get the 3.2-liter V6 in Limited trim. The 2.4-liter cramped SUV. The larger of its two engine choices, a 2.4-liter, four-
four-cylinder is slow and gets lousy fuel economy for the class at just cylinder, is sluggish and noisy. A 2.0-liter engine was also available.
22 mpg overall. The nine-speed automatic is not all that responsive Front-wheel drive is standard and all-wheel drive is optional. The ride
or refined. Handling is competent, but short on agility and the ride is acceptable, but handling lacks agility. Interior quality suffers from
is jittery. Still, it’s a quiet SUV, with a comfortable back seat and an cheap plastics and sharp, unfinished edges and wide rear roof pillars
easy-to-use infotainment system. Limited trims can be found with impede the view aft. The redesigned 2017 Compass is a significantly
many high-end features. The Trailhawk is capable off-road, and the better SUV than previous but still trails its peers. Power comes from
V6 can tow an impressive 4,500 pounds. A freshened version with a an unrefined 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine. Most versions have the
new turbo four-cylinder engine arrived for the 2019 model year. nine-speed automatic, which is neither smooth nor responsive.
Handling isn’t agile, although the Jeep is secure when pushed. The
Redesign/Freshening: 2014. ride is rather stiff and jittery. The rear seat is too low and flat.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2017.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front.

2010 - 2010 $4,900 - $6,300
Trouble Jeep Cherokee Trouble Jeep Compass
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $5,800 - $7,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,300 - $8,900
Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
* * * * * * * *5
050 2013 $7,100 - $9,900
Engine Minor 2
0404
0505
050 2014 $10,700 - $16,600 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * *3
050 2014 $8,300 - $12,000
2015 $12,200 - $17,700 2015 $10,400 - $14,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,800 - $22,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * *4
050
2016 $12,100 - $13,800
Trans. Major 1
0204
0505
050
2017 $15,500 - $23,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * *5
050
2017 $13,100 - $19,500
Trans. Minor 1
0101
0205
040 2018 $16,900 - $25,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * *1
050 2018 $15,800 - $20,600
Drive System 1
0302
0404
050 2019 $17,500 - $26,700
Drive System
* * * * * * * *2
050 2019 $17,200 - $22,500
Fuel System 2
0505
0405
050 Fuel System
* * * * * * * *5
050
Electrical 4
0404
0505
Electrical
* * * * * * * *4
Climate Syst. 4
0203
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * *4
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0205
0205
050
2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * *5
050
2010 NT 4/4 5/5
Brakes 4
0204
0305
040 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * *5
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
050 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * *5
050 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 3
0504
0505
040 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * *4
050 2013 NT 3/3 5/2
Noises & Leaks 2
0203
0104
* * * * * * * *1
050 2014 NT 3/3 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
* * * * * * * *5
050 2015 NT 3/3 NT
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 NT 3/3 NT
Power Equip. 1
0203
0304
040 Power Equip.
* * * * * * * *3
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 1
0205
0304
010
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * *4
050
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0103
010 2019 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * *1
050 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

J 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Jeep Grand Cherokee Jeep Liberty
Up until the 2011 model year, the Grand Cherokee was a rather From its launch, the Liberty boasted such modern features such
unpleasant vehicle. Ride, handling, refinement and fuel economy as an independent front suspension and rack-and-pinion steering,
were subpar. Also, rear-seat space was tight, and interior fit and but the ride was still jittery, and the cockpit was narrow and hard
finish was so-so. Engines ranged from a lackluster 3.7-liter V6 to the to access. Handling was clumsy but ultimately secure. The noisy
5.7-liter V8. The 2011 redesign was a transformation, bringing a much 3.7-liter V6 is lethargic and thirsty. The boxier looking 2008 redesign
better and more upscale vehicle with a fully independent suspension, brought little improvement in driving dynamics and remained noisy
modern cabin electronics, capable handling, a steady ride, attractive and cramped. One of its few advantages was an optional full-time
fit and finish, and comfortable seats. The refined 3.6-liter V6 four-wheel drive system. 2012 was the last year for the Liberty, and it
returned 18 mpg overall. The 5.7-liter V8 is strong, but returned just was officially replaced by the new Cherokee in 2014.
14 mpg overall. We got 24 mpg overall with the diesel. The Uconnect
infotainment system is one of the best in the industry. 2014 brought Redesign/Freshening: 2008.
a major update, including an eight-speed automatic. A minor Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
freshening for 2016 included a much more intuitive gear selector. standard.
standard.

2010 $8,100 - $17,700 2010 $5,700 - $7,400
Trouble Jeep Grand Cherokee Trouble Jeep Liberty
Spots 2011 $9,900 - $12,900 Spots 2011 $6,500 - $8,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,800 - $23,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,300 - $10,200
Engine, Major
*3
0204
0504
0505
0505
0 2013 $12,500 - $25,900 Engine, Major
* *5
0 2013 -
Engine Minor
*1
0205
0304
0505
0505
0 2014 $14,300 - $31,300 Engine Minor
* *2
0 2014 -
2015 $17,500 - $36,400 2015 -
Engine Cooling
*4
0304
0305
0505
0505
0
2016 $18,200 - $41,300
Engine Cooling
* *5
0
2016 -
Trans. Major
*4
0504
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $21,700 - $47,000
Trans. Major
* *5
0
2017 -
Trans. Minor
*1
0504
0403
0504
0505
0 2018 $24,300 - $69,100
Trans. Minor
* *5
0 2018 -
Drive System
*1
0402
0404
0504
0505
0 2019 $28,000 - $77,300
Drive System
* *1
0 2019 -
Fuel System
*4
0205
0103
0505
0505
0 Fuel System
* *1
0
Electrical
*3
0205
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
* *1
Climate Syst.
*1
0105
0203
0403
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *1
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*2
0201
0103
0405
0504
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* *5
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*3
0401
0304
0505
0505
0 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
* *1
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*4
0505
0405
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
* *5
0 2012 Good 3/2 5/5
Paint/Trim
*4
0405
0204
0404
0505
* *1
0 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
*2
0301
0404
0403
0305
* *1
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
*3
0505
0505
0505
0505
* *1
0 2015 - - -
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
*1
0201
0104
0404
0505
0 Power Equip.
* *1
0
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
*1
0104
0103
0505
0202
0
2018 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *3
0
2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *1
0201
0102
0303
0403
0 2019 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict * *1
0 2019 - - -

J
Jeep Renegade Jeep Wrangler
Built in Italy, the subcompact Renegade looks enticingly cute but The Wrangler is an off-road champ, but on road it delivers a choppy
is bogged down by a nine-speed automatic that’s neither smooth ride, numb and slow steering, and clumsy handling. Noise is loud
nor responsive. Fuel economy with the 2.4-liter was 24 mpg overall. and constant. For 2007 a redesigned and more civilized Wrangler
Handling is uninspiring, and the ride is unremarkable. Idle vibration arrived. Ride and handling improved some, but low cornering
and an overly touchy brake pedal also mar the driving experience. limits and vague steering remained. Its 3.8-liter V6 lacked punch
Depending on options, the Renegade offers traditional Jeep features and returned just 15 mpg overall. A much better 3.6-liter V6 and a
such as some off-road ability in the Trailhawk version and open-air five-speed automatic arrived for 2012, and returned 17 mpg overall.
driving via its optional removable sunroofs. Optional safety features Off-road capability remains impressive, particularly in Rubicon
include forward-collision and lane-departure warning, blind-spot trim. But cabin access is a challenge and the interior is crude. The
monitoring, rear cross-path detection, and a backup camera. redesigned 2018 Jeep Wrangler represents a big improvement to
Chrysler’s Uconnect infotainment system is available. the off-roading icon while remaining true to its heritage. The V6
engine provides strong acceleration, and the eight-speed automatic
Redesign/Freshening: 2015. transmission shifts smoothly.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard.

2010 - 2010 $11,500 - $17,600
Trouble Jeep Renegade Trouble Jeep Wrangler
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $12,800 - $18,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,100 - $21,300
Engine, Major 5
0505
050 * 2013 - Engine, Major 2
0301
0504
0404
0505
050 2013 $15,400 - $23,200
Engine Minor 5
0104
0201
0202
0403
0305
050 2014 $17,300 - $26,000
2015 $11,400 - $15,700 2015 $18,400 - $28,200
Engine Cooling 1
0105
050 * 2016 $12,400 - $16,900
Engine Cooling 1
0504
0401
0504
0505
050
2016 $20,000 - $30,000
Trans. Major 5
0505
050 * 2017 $13,500 - $17,500
Trans. Major 1
0203
0504
0505
0405
050
2017 $21,800 - $32,000
Trans. Minor 1
0104
050 * 2018 $14,900 - $18,600
Trans. Minor 1
0102
0403
0404
0405
050 2018 $23,600 - $40,100
Drive System 5
0205
020 * 2019 $16,700 - $21,100
Drive System 4
0403
0103
0302
0403
050 2019 $28,000 - $41,500
Fuel System 3
0405
050 * Fuel System 1
0504
0205
0505
0404
050
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical 1
0404
0404
0405
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0304
010 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0403
0104
0505
0504
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
020 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0403
0103
0304
0501
040
2010 Good 5/5 NT
Brakes 3
0302
050 * 2011 - - -
Brakes 2
0201
0101
0403
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0504
050 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0205
050 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 5
0103
0203
0505
0505
040 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 5
0204
010 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 1
0301
0101
0201
0101
020 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0505
0103
0304
0404
0504
050 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 4/4 5/3 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 1
0103
0302
0304
0303
0302
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/3 2017 Good 3/2 NT
In-Car Electr. 1
0103
040 * 2018 Good 4/4 5/3
In-Car Electr. 5
0401
0404
0302
0501
020
2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0103
010 * 2019 Good 4/4 NT Verdict 1
0301
0101
0201
0201
010 2019 NT 4/4 NT

K 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Kia Cadenza Kia Forte
The Cadenza is a competent and credible large sedan. There’s a The compact Forte replaced the mediocre Spectra for 2010. It’s
lot of content here, including a luxurious, quiet interior, a roomy quicker, with a 156-hp 2.0-liter engine, and is also roomier, safer,
backseat, sound and secure handling, and a comfortable ride. The and more refined. The Forte offers a host of impressive features
3.3-liter V6 engine and standard six-speed automatic combine such as Bluetooth. It also got good gas mileage of 28 mpg. The
to make a slick powertrain that delivers a decent 22 mpg overall. car was available as a coupe or a hatchback, and offered an
Controls are refreshingly easy to use. A host of electronic safety aids optional 2.4-liter. While a big improvement, it still ranks below
were available, but those will be hard to find since most Cadenzas the class leaders. Fuel economy improvements were instituted for
were bought without these options. The 2017 redesign is based on 2015 models, while changes for 2016 included an optional rearview
the Kia Optima, but it is considerably larger, competing with the camera, along with standard keyless entry and heated mirrors.
Toyota Avalon and Chevrolet Impala. The car is roomy and quiet, Beginning with the 2017 model year, Android Auto and Apple
with easy-to-use controls. Ride and handling are nothing special but CarPlay were added. Automatic emergency braking, forward
pleasant enough. collision warning, and blind spot warning came on the S and EX trim
lines.
Drive Wheels: Front. standard.

2010 - 2010 $3,800 - $5,200
Trouble Kia Cadenza Trouble Kia Forte
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $4,800 - $6,000
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,500 - $6,500
Engine, Major 5
0 * *5
0 * * 2013 - Engine, Major 1
0 * * *3
0405
0404
0 * 2013 $6,000 - $7,500
Engine Minor 3
0 * *5
0 * * 2014 $12,000 - $12,100 Engine Minor 0 *
3 * *1
0405
0405
0 * 2014 $7,500 - $9,400
2015 $14,700 - $15,600 2015 $8,500 - $10,800
Engine Cooling 5
0 * *5
0 * * 2016 $15,800 - $18,000
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $10,400 - $12,500
Trans. Major 5
0 * *5
0 * * 2017 $18,500 - $20,600
Trans. Major 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2017 $11,500 - $14,000
Trans. Minor 5
0 * *5
0 * * 2018 $20,700 - $23,400
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * *4
0505
0505
0 * 2018 $12,200 - $16,600
Drive System 3
0 * *5
0 * * 2019 $23,600 - $26,900
Drive System 0 *
5 * *2
0505
0505
0 * 2019 $14,900 - $17,700
Fuel System 3
0 * *5
0 * * Fuel System 0 *
3 * *1
0105
0504
0 *
Electrical 5
0 * *5
Electrical 0 *
5 * *4
0505
0303
Climate Syst. 5
0 * *5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 0 *
4 * *1
0205
0505
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 2
0 * *5
0 * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 0 *
4 * *5
0405
0105
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes 1
0 * *1
0 * * 2011 - - -
Brakes 0 *
1 * *1
0203
0305
0 * 2011 Good 5/3 3/5
Exhaust 5
0 * *5
0 * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good 5/3 3/5
Paint/Trim 5
0 * *5
0 * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 0 *
4 * *4
0104
0404
0 * 2013 Good 5/3 3/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0 * *5
0 * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 0 *
2 * *1
0303
0505
0 * 2014 Good 5/2 4/5
Body Hardware 5
0 * *4
0 * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 0 *
4 * *4
0405
0305
0 * 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0 * *3
0 * * Power Equip. 0 *
4 * *1
0404
0105
0 *
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0 * *5
0 * * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 0 *
2 * *3
0505
0204
0 * 2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0 * *4
0 * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict 0*
4 * *1
0305
0103
0 * 2019 Good 4/3 5/5

K
Kia K900 Kia Niro
Kia’s flagship is the brand’s first rear-drive model and cousin of Kia’s five-passenger Niro marries good fuel economy with cargo
the Hyundai Equus. It is offered with a smooth and punchy 420- versatility. This front-wheel-drive hybrid uses a 1.6-liter four-cylinder
hp V8 with an 8-speed automatic. The K900 is like a traditional engine which, in conjunction with the electric drive unit, puts out a
freeway cruiser: more comfortable wafting along in a straight line combined 139 hp. This combo is mated to a six-speed dual-clutch
than carving corners. The base infotainment system uses a 9.2- transmission. Because the lithium-ion battery is located under the
inch screen, and top trims get a 12-inch display. A central controller rear seat, that creates a flat cargo floor when the rear seats are
manages the menus and selections, but it takes some getting used folded. We got 43 mpg overall, which is good but not as good as the
to. The cabin is very roomy. Safety options include blind-spot and Hyundai Ioniq or Toyota Prius. The handling lacks agility and the ride
lane-detection systems, rear cross-traffic alert, a wraparound is a bit choppy. Make sure to get one with the optional power driver
camera, and front-collision warning. A V6 was introduced in 2016. seat, which provides better support than the standard seats do. A
suite of advanced safety features is available, including automatic
Redesign/Freshening: 2015, 2019. emergency braking, smart cruise control, and blind-spot detection
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags with rear cross-traffic alert.
standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Redesign/Freshening: 2017.
standard.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Kia K900 Trouble Kia Niro
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 - Engine, Major 5
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 - Engine Minor 5
0505
0 2014 -
2015 $16,900 - $17,900 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 $18,500 - $21,800
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0
2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 $21,100 - $26,000
Trans. Major 5
0505
0
2017 $16,500 - $20,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0 2018 $17,600 - $23,800
Drive System
* * * * 2019 $38,000 - $38,000
Drive System 4
0504
0 2019 $18,600 - $32,800
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System 5
0505
0
Electrical
Electrical 5
0405
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 5
0505
0
2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes 5
0504
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 5
0505
0 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 2
0504
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 3
0305
0 2015 - - -
2016 NT NT NT 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 5
0505
0
2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
0404
0
2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 4
0401
0 2019 Good 4/3 5/4

K 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Kia Optima Kia Rio
The midsized Optima shares a platform with the Hyundai Sonata. This corporate cousin to the Hyundai Accent used to epitomize the stiff-
The 2006 to 2011 vintage had a comfortable, quiet cabin and a riding, noisy subcompact sedan. For 2006 it got a more powerful 1.6-liter
composed ride. Though not agile, handling was decent. ABS and engine, the ride improved, and the cabin was quieter. The 2012 redesign
ESC were common with the EX, rare in the LX. The 3.3-liter V6 is was a leap forward, making the Rio feel solid compared with some other
responsive and averaged 21 mpg, while the four-cylinder engine subcompacts, bringing more power and space and better handling,
averaged 26 mpg. A major redesign for 2011 made the Optima much along with a six-speed automatic transmission for better gas mileage.
better, with nimble handling but a rather stiff ride. The up-level Higher trim models offer amenities such as heated seats and a rear-view
engine, a lively turbocharged four-cylinder, returned a respectable camera. Hatchbacks have gone by names such as the Rio Cinco and the
24 mpg but less refined than a V6. The base 2.4-liter four-cylinder Rio5. The 2018 redesign was a bit of a step back with its stiff ride, leisurely
performs well. An unrefined hybrid was offered. The coupe-like acceleration, and just competent handling. The front seats are short
styling detracts from rear visibility and rear-seat access. The 2016 on support, and the rear seat is tight. Safety features such as forward
redesign made the car a lot nicer and better equipped. It drives collision warning and automatic emergency braking are available.
nicely, with a firm absorbent ride and responsive, secure handling.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2011, 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS available, standard from 2011. Side and head
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags protection air bags standard. ESC not available, standard from 2012.
standard. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 $5,300 - $6,100 2010 $3,400 - $4,400
Trouble Kia Optima Trouble Kia Rio
Spots 2011 $5,500 - $8,000 Spots 2011 $3,800 - $4,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,000 - $9,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,000 - $6,200
Engine, Major
*2
0101
0205
0405
0505
0 2013 $7,800 - $12,000 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $5,700 - $6,900
Engine Minor
*4
0103
0405
0503
0405
0 2014 $9,100 - $14,500 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $6,500 - $7,700
2015 $10,900 - $16,900 2015 $7,400 - $8,800
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $12,700 - $19,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $8,900 - $10,400
Trans. Major
*4
0405
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $14,200 - $21,400
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $10,300 - $11,900
Trans. Minor
*5
0405
0505
0504
0505
0 2018 $15,700 - $20,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $11,100 - $12,900
Drive System
*5
0405
0405
0504
0505
0 2019 $17,700 - $24,200
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $13,900 - $14,800
Fuel System
*2
0404
0505
0404
0505
0 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
*5
0504
0405
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst.
*4
0104
0504
0404
0405
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*1
0102
0304
0505
0505
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Accept. 4/5 4/3
Brakes
*4
0403
0305
0305
0505
0 2011 Good 5/5 3/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Accept. NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good 4/4 4/5
Paint/Trim
*5
0104
0302
0504
0405
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good 4/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks
*2
0203
0504
0205
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good 4/4 4/5
Body Hardware
*5
0105
0304
0504
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 Good 4/4 4/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 4/5
Power Equip.
*1
0304
0303
0304
0505
0 Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 4/5
In-Car Electr.
*4
0103
0505
0404
0404
0
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *3
0103
0304
0303
0305
0 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT

K
Kia Sedona Kia Sorento
The Sedona’s 2006 redesign was a big improvement, bringing The first Sorento was a body-on frame SUV good for towing but
a more-powerful 3.8-liter V6 and additional standard safety not pleasant as an everyday driver. Only consider a Sorento from
equipment. The sliding-door side windows retract, an unusual after the 2011 redesign, which gave this SUV responsive handling,
feature for a minivan at that time. Handling and fuel economy comfortable seats, and lots of features for the money. Both the four-
remained so-so. While offering lots of features for the money, the and six-cylinders returned 20-mpg overall in our test. The optional
Sedona is not nearly as well-rounded as a Toyota Sienna or Honda third-row seat extends seating to seven. The ride is a little stiff but
Odyssey. A significantly updated Sedona arrived in 2015 with a overall the Sorento is a good choice that was very functional but not
refined V6, room for seven or eight passengers, and a quiet, upscale overly bulky for parking and maneuvering. The vastly improved 2016
interior. But handling is ungainly and the ride is very stiff. The redesign resulted in an SUV that was an alternative to both small
second-row seats neither fold flat nor are they removable, making it and midsized SUVs and feels more upscale. It had a quieter cabin,
a challenge to carry large cargo. strong engines, a comfortable ride, and secure, responsive handling.
A wide variety of advanced safety gear was available as well.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: Front. standard from 2011.

2010 $4,500 - $5,200 2010 -
Trouble Kia Sedona Trouble Kia Sorento
Spots 2011 $5,100 - $5,900 Spots 2011 $6,300 - $8,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,900 - $7,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,100 - $10,100
Engine, Major
* * * *5
0505
050 * 2013 - Engine, Major 4
0101
0304
0505
0505
0 2013 $8,200 - $11,800
Engine Minor
* * * *5
0505
050 * 2014 $8,200 - $10,700 Engine Minor 5
0204
0305
0505
0505
0 2014 $10,700 - $17,000
2015 $11,000 - $17,500 2015 $12,300 - $19,700
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
0505
050 * 2016 $13,700 - $20,600
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $14,200 - $24,500
Trans. Major
* * * *5
0505
050 * 2017 $17,000 - $24,900
Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $15,400 - $26,600
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
0505
050 * 2018 $19,100 - $29,000
Trans. Minor 5
0405
0505
0505
0504
0 2018 $17,200 - $30,600
Drive System
* * * *3
0505
050 * 2019 $21,100 - $29,100
Drive System 3
0402
0505
0405
0505
0 2019 $18,500 - $34,400
Fuel System
* * * *5
0505
050 * Fuel System 3
0504
0405
0505
0505
0
Electrical
* * * *5
0505
Electrical 5
0305
0404
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * *3
0505
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
0203
0105
0405
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * *5
0503
050 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 2
0101
0304
0404
0405
0
2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * *5
0504
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 3
0201
0205
0505
0505
0 2011 Good 5/4 5/3
Exhaust
* * * *5
0505
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * *5
0504
020 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 2
0402
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * *1
0505
0302
0202
0505
0504
0 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * *1
0403
0103
0503
0405
0505
0 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * *1
0203
0102
0101
0204
0405
0
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * *4
0202
050 * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0103
0403
0504
0505
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * *3
0504
030 * 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0202
0303
0304
0404
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

K 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Kia Soul Kia Sportage
The tall Soul packs a lot of room and equipment into a small, The 2005 Sportage had a relatively comfortable, quiet ride, roomy
inexpensive car. It has very easy access, abundant headroom, and interior, and improved but still so-so handling. The 2.7-liter V6
a surprisingly spacious rear seat. The 2.0-liter engine brings average version wasn’t very fuel-efficient. The 2011 redesign brought nimble
acceleration and 25 mpg overall, which isn’t anything special. Expect handling and a more efficient and civilized powertrain. A stiff ride,
a noisy interior and a stiff ride. Handling is fairly nimble and secure. pronounced road noise, and leisurely acceleration from the base
Controls are simple but interior fit and finish is basic. Big windows four-cylinder detract from an otherwise pleasant driving experience.
allow very good front and side visibility, but thick rear roof pillars It got 22 mpg overall in our tests. The up-level engine is a stronger
create rear blind zones. A six-speed automatic debuted for 2012, and turbo four-cylinder that got 21 mpg overall in our tests. While the
boosted gas mileage from 25 to 26 mpg. For 2014 Kia introduced styling is appealing, it compromises cargo space and hurts the rear
a similar, but thoroughly updated, Soul that was much quieter and view out. Cabin appointments are basic, but fit together well. A
more refined. Still, the ride remained stiff and handling was sound, redesign arrived for 2017, based on the Hyundai Tucson. It’s a stylish
but not exceptional. and mildly sporty choice among small SUVs. Though a touch firm,
the ride is composed and handling is responsive.

2010 $4,000 - $5,600 2010 $4,900 - $6,200
Trouble Kia Soul Trouble Kia Sportage
Spots 2011 $4,600 - $6,700 Spots 2011 $6,900 - $10,100
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,700 - $7,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,800 - $10,800
Engine, Major 5
0305
0503
0405
0505
050 2013 $6,800 - $8,800 Engine, Major
* * *1
0 *2
0305
0505
0 2013 $8,600 - $12,900
Engine Minor 5
0502
0404
0405
0505
050 2014 $7,800 - $11,100 Engine Minor
* * *1
0 *5
0505
0405
0 2014 $10,000 - $14,900
2015 $9,600 - $13,000 2015 $11,500 - $16,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $9,700 - $15,200
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0 *5
0505
0505
0
2016 $12,600 - $18,000
Trans. Major 4
0304
0405
0505
0505
050
2017 $11,600 - $17,700
Trans. Major
* * *5
0 *5
0505
0505
0
2017 $14,500 - $20,700
Trans. Minor 3
0405
0505
0505
0504
050 2018 $13,200 - $18,300
Trans. Minor
* * *3
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2018 $16,300 - $22,900
Drive System 4
0504
0405
0505
0505
050 2019 $14,800 - $19,500
Drive System
* * *3
0 *5
0505
0504
0 2019 $17,300 - $24,900
Fuel System 5
0302
0502
0404
0505
050 Fuel System
* * *5
0 *5
0505
0505
0
Electrical 5
0503
0504
0304
0505
Electrical
* * *5
0 *2
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0403
0503
0404
0504
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * *4
0 *5
0102
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 1
0401
0304
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension
* * *3
0 *4
0205
0505
0
2010 Accept. 5/5 5/5
Brakes 2
0202
0401
0403
0405
050 2011 Good 4/4 4/5
Brakes
* * *1
0 *5
0305
0504
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 2
0205
0404
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * *5
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 3
0402
0204
0505
0505
* * *3
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 2
0404
0505
0504
0505
* * *1
0 *1
0404
0505
0 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
* * *5
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0403
0402
0404
0405
050 Power Equip.
* * *1
0 *5
0403
0505
0
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0501
0305
0405
0405
050
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * *2
0 *5
0504
0404
0
2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0403
0403
0403
0404
050 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict * * *1
0 *4
0303
0402
0 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

L
Land Rover LR4, Discovery Land Rover LR2, Discovery Sport
The Land Rover LR3 finished well short of class leaders, with a slow The compact LR2 has good off-road ability. It uses a 3.2-liter, inline
and thirsty V8, unsettled ride, and confusing, ill-placed controls six-cylinder and six-speed automatic, and the terrain response
counting against it. We far preferred the LR4 that arrived for 2010. system adjusts the AWD system according to conditions. The ride
Handling isn’t a long suit, as it leans and lumbers through corners. is firm but steady and the car benefits from good steering. In our
The ride is supple, but it still can get unsettled. The quiet, luxurious test the LR2 disconcertingly lifted two wheels at its handling limits, .
cabin was roomy and comfortable, the third-row seat was usable Outward visibility is excellent but the controls are confusing to use.
by adults, and off-roading capabilities are top notch. The Discovery It was replaced by the Discovery Sport in 2015. It uses a 2.0-liter
name returned in 2017 to replace the LR4. Its 3.0-liter supercharged turbo four-cylinder mated to a nine-speed automatic. Power delivery
V6 provides ample power and the eight-speed automatic shifts from the turbo four-cylinder is uneven and the transmission is
smoothly. Handling is a bit lumbering, but the optional air neither smooth nor responsive. The ride is stiff-legged and handling
suspension makes the ride steady and controlled. The controls are is far from sporty. The interior is austere for the price, and the
confusing, but interior is comfortable, quiet, and nicely finished. infotainment system is slow and confusing to use.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD.

2010 $11,100 - $11,400 2010 $6,600 - $6,600
Trouble Land Rover LR4, Trouble Land Rover LR2,
Spots Discovery 2011 $12,700 - $12,900 Spots Discovery Sport 2011 $7,700 - $8,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,400 - $15,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,500 - $10,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $17,800 - $18,000 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $11,800 - $13,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $22,600 - $23,700 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $13,600 - $15,600
2015 $27,100 - $28,700 2015 $18,000 - $22,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $33,500 - $36,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $19,600 - $25,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $34,700 - $54,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $22,200 - $31,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $39,400 - $55,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $24,700 - $38,000
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $44,000 - $60,100
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $31,100 - $43,700
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

L 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Land Rover Range Rover Land Rover Range Rover Evoque
The luxurious Range Rover pioneered the luxury-SUV concept, The compact Evoque is based on the LR2 and offered in two- and
always featuring luxury-car amenities but complicated, inscrutable four-door versions. Overall, the Evoque is more about style than
controls. Its height-adjusting air suspension can raise or lower the functionality. Interior room and visibility are sacrificed for the striking
body for different on-and off-road conditions. An extensive 2003 silhouette. Its Ford-supplied 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder
redesign brought much-improved ride, handling, and refinement. is mated to a six-speed automatic, (nine-speed from 2014) and
Excellent BMW engines were used until 2006 when the Range Rover returned 21 mpg overall in our tests. Acceleration and fuel economy
switched to a Jaguar V8. After 2009, a 375-hp 5.0-liter V8 was are commendable, but the ride is choppy, and noise levels are
standard with a 510-hp supercharged version optional. Off-road elevated. Controls are a bit quirky, which is typical of Land Rover.
capabilities remained first-rate. An impressive redesign arrived for Routine handling is quite agile but can become disconcerting at the
2013, bringing an eight-speed automatic and supercharged V6 and limits. The Evoque’s Terrain Response system facilitates moderate
V8 engines that deliver immediate thrust. We averaged 17 mpg with off-road capability, uncommon in this class. A more powerful 286-hp
the base V6. Handling is secure, but not agile. The suspension supple engine arrived in 2018.
swallows up nearly every bump, making the ride very comfortable.
standard. Drive Wheels: AWD.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD.

2010 $10,000 - $12,200 2010 -
Trouble Land Rover Range Rover Trouble Land Rover Range
Spots 2011 $11,000 - $13,100 Spots Rover Evoque 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,100 - $24,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,600 - $17,600
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $27,500 - $38,800 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2013 $13,900 - $18,400
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $31,200 - $66,900 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2014 $16,400 - $20,900
2015 $34,900 - $80,000 2015 $18,300 - $23,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $40,400 - $102,900
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2016 $21,500 - $31,500
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $49,400 - $123,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2017 $26,800 - $38,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $68,200 - $156,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2018 $29,900 - $44,400
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $79,800 - $175,400
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2019 $33,900 - $49,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

L
Land Rover Range Rover Sport Lexus CT 200h ! Good Bet
Up until the 2014 redesign, the Sport was based on the Land Rover The CT 200h hybrid aims to be a small, sporty, luxury car with
LR4 rather than the high-end Range Rover. It’s still a luxurious excellent fuel economy. Though not a bad vehicle, it doesn’t live up
midsized SUV. The five-passenger interior is festooned with leather, to all those promises or to the Lexus standard. Powered by the same
wood trim, and luxury amenities, including active cruise control and 134-hp, four-cylinder hybrid powertrain as the Prius, the CT gets
rear DVD screens. A 4.4-liter V8 is standard, while a supercharged 40mpg. While commendable, that is four mpg less than the roomier
4.2-liter V8 is optional. The Sport lacks the sporty handling of some Toyota while delivering similar leisurely acceleration. Handling is
competitors and the ride is rather stiff. 2010 brought new 5.0-liter V8 responsive enough, but the ride is stiff and choppy. The cabin is
engines. An impressive redesign arrived for 2014, bringing an eight- cramped and admits too much engine and road noise. Tight rear
speed automatic and supercharged V6 and V8 engines that deliver seats, limited cargo capacity, and an impeded rear view don’t help.
immediate thrust. We averaged 17 mpg with the base V6. Handling The interior has some nice touches but falls short of being luxurious.
is taut and agile, but the ride is stiff and choppy. The CT was discontinued after the 2017 model year.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 $10,700 - $11,600 2010 -
Trouble Land Rover Range Trouble Lexus CT 200h
Spots Rover Sport 2011 $11,800 - $12,800 Spots 2011 $9,100 - $9,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,700 - $21,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,800 - $11,500
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $17,500 - $25,700 Engine, Major 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2013 $13,100 - $13,800
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $27,800 - $39,600 Engine Minor 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2014 $14,700 - $14,700
2015 $29,400 - $45,500 2015 $16,700 - $16,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $32,900 - $67,100
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2016 $17,900 - $17,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $38,900 - $82,600
Trans. Major 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2017 $19,700 - $19,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $54,100 - $99,500
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $64,800 - $113,600
Drive System 5
0505
0 *4
0 * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 5
0505
0 *5
0 * *
Electrical
Electrical 5
0505
0 *5
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 4
0404
0 *5
0 * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
0405
0 *4
0 * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 1
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 4
0403
0 *5
0 * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 3
0405
0 *5
0 * * 2015 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 2
0403
0 *3
0 * * 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 4
0405
0 *5
0 * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2019 - - -

L 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Lexus ES ! Good Bet Lexus GS ! Good Bet
Solid and sedate, the ES did just about everything well in our tests. The redesigned 2006 GS had a stiff ride and handling that is far
The V6 provided powerful acceleration, the transmission shifted from sporty or engaging. Expect a relatively snug cabin with tight
flawlessly, and the ride is isolated and composed. Handling is far headroom. The V6 isn’t as strong as some competitors; a V8 is
from sporty but ultimately secure and the cabin is exceptionally optional. A hybrid arrived for 2007, and it was quick but stiff riding
quiet. The front seats are supportive, but the rear is crowded for and noisy, with only a modest fuel economy benefit. The 2013
three. The 2007 redesign brought a 3.5-liter V6 and six-speed redesign transformed the car into a compelling sedan. Handling
automatic, continuing the tradition of seamless powertrains. Its high is sporty, the ride is supple and controlled, and the cabin is roomy,
rear deck makes the backup camera included with the navigation comfortable, and nicely furnished. A mouse-like controller is used
system a desirable feature. A redesign and a hybrid version arrived to operate the cumbersome infotainment system. All-wheel drive is
for 2013. The V6 remains slick and powerful, and returns a good 25 available. Changes for 2015, included 3D maps for the navigation
mpg overall. The hybrid delivers ample zip, while squeezing out an system and more voice recognition controls. Also, a V8-powered GS
excellent 36 mpg overall and 44 on the highway. F joined the line. In 2017 forward collision warning and automatic
emergency braking were made standard.

2010 $9,100 - $9,100 2010 $9,700 - $13,000
Trouble Lexus ES Trouble Lexus GS
Spots 2011 $10,400 - $10,400 Spots 2011 $11,600 - $15,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,200 - $12,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $14,300 - $15,500 Engine, Major
* * *5
0505
0405
050 * 2013 $17,100 - $17,500
Engine Minor 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $16,300 - $17,000 Engine Minor
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2014 $18,600 - $21,200
2015 $18,400 - $18,900 2015 $22,500 - $26,300
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $21,300 - $23,000
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2016 $21,400 - $47,500
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $25,400 - $27,500
Trans. Major
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2017 $26,000 - $55,400
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $30,600 - $32,800
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2018 $37,100 - $64,900
Drive System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $36,800 - $43,700
Drive System
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2019 $43,100 - $75,900
Fuel System 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System
* * *5
0505
0505
050 *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
* * *5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * *5
0505
0405
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0403
0505
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes 5
0403
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * *5
0301
0405
040 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/2
Exhaust
* * *5
0505
0505
020 * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0404
0504
0505
0505
* * *4
0505
0405
050 * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0504
0504
0505
* * *4
0504
0403
050 * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 4
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 Power Equip.
* * *5
0105
0504
050 *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 4
0404
0405
0405
0405
030
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * *4
0505
0404
040 * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict * * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2019 Good NT NT

L
Lexus GX ! Good Bet Lexus HS Hybrid
The GX shares a platform with the Toyota 4Runner, and slots in size The short-lived HS 250h is a bit smaller than the Toyota Camry, but
and price between the RX and the huge LX. Like the LX, it’s a body- uses the Camry hybrid’s powertrain. Unlike other Lexus models, the
on-frame design with a live rear axle. It has three rows of seats and HS felt unrefined, with a jiggly ride and intrusive wind and drivetrain
can accommodate eight. It shares the LX’s smooth and quiet V8 noise. The steering feels vague, but handling is very secure. In our
powertrain as well as many of the LX’s luxury appointments. The ride tests of the HS we got 31 mpg overall, which wasn’t stellar for a
is comfortable and quiet but uneven pavement can cause a side- hybrid even at that time. Inside, the HS is well finished and comes
to-side movement. Cornering is less than agile. Interior fit and finish with a long menu of standard features, but the cabin is narrow and
is impressive. Full-time 4WD, a hill-descent feature, and a system the protruding center console takes up too much room. 2012 was the
that prevents roll-back on steep ascents help make it competent last year for the HS.
off-road. As of the 2010 redesign, the sole engine is a 4.6-liter
V8. The ride is quiet and comfortable and off-road capability Redesign/Freshening: 2010.
is commendable. Handling feels ponderous in corners even at Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
moderate speeds. standard.
standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD.

2010 $18,100 - $18,300 2010 $8,200 - $9,000
Trouble Lexus GX Trouble Lexus HS Hybrid
Spots 2011 $18,600 - $19,100 Spots 2011 $9,700 - $10,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $19,800 - $20,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,700 - $12,800
Engine, Major
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2013 $21,500 - $22,500 Engine, Major 5
0 * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * *5
0504
0505
050 * 2014 $25,900 - $27,300 Engine Minor 0 *
3 * 2014 -
2015 $28,000 - $28,700 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2016 $31,300 - $33,400
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2017 $35,700 - $39,600
Trans. Major 0 *
5 * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0404
0505
050 * 2018 $42,200 - $47,900
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * 2018 -
Drive System
* * *1
0304
0505
050 * 2019 $48,500 - $56,200
Drive System 0 *
5 * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * *3
0505
0505
040 * Fuel System 0 *
4 *
Electrical
* * *5
0505
0505
Electrical 0 *
Climate Syst.
* * *5
0505
0504
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 0 *
4 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * *1
0504
0505
050 * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 0 *
3 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * *1
0403
0504
050 * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 0 *
5 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * *5
0504
0505
050 * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * *5
0405
0505
050 * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 0 *
3 * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * *4
0302
0505
050 * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 0 *
5 * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * *5
0505
0504
050 * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 0 *
3 * 2015 - - -
2016 NT NT NT 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * *5
0505
0405
050 * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 0 *
2 * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * *5
0402
0405
030 * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * *3
0504
0505
050 * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 0*
4 * 2019 - - -

L 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Lexus IS Lexus LS ! Good Bet
With its 2006 redesign the IS offered two different V6 engines and The LS is a sedate cruiser that emphasizes quietness and road
available all-wheel drive. It is a plush and quiet sedan, but not very isolation. All seating positions are extremely comfortable, and
sporty. Handling is secure, but not particularly agile. While the front options include heated, massaging, power-reclining rear seats.
cabin is snug, the rear is extremely cramped. A high-performance Handling is sound but body lean is pronounced. Unlike most of its
V8 model was introduced for 2008 and a hard-top convertible is competitors, the controls are mostly user-friendly. Engines grew in
available. A 2014 redesign again aimed at competing with the BMW displacement and an eight-speed automatic became standard. It’s a
3 Series, but it fell flat. This version isn’t very sporty, fun to drive, standout in terms of reliability and holding its value. 2013 brought a
or luxurious. Worse, it still had a tight interior and mediocre fuel freshening with a more cumbersome infotainment system. The 2018
economy, and the all-wheel-drive versions had a big hump on the redesigned changed all the positives, however. The ride is less cushy
floor by the driver’s right leg. A 2.0-liter turbo four cylinder arrived in and seating is tight. Despite strong engines and good measured
2016 F Sport models have some sporty touches but still fall short of acceleration times, the car doesn’t feel powerful. The wide car is too
the driving engagement of better compact sedans. bulky to feel nimble. The cabin is nicely trimmed and luxurious, but
the controls are extremely convoluted and frustrating; it can take
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2014. several steps to perform simple tasks
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2013, 2018.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.

2010 $9,500 - $20,600 2010 $13,400 - $14,600
Trouble Lexus IS Trouble Lexus LS
Spots 2011 $10,600 - $22,900 Spots 2011 $15,300 - $17,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,200 - $25,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $17,500 - $21,400
Engine, Major 2
0505
0 *505
05050 * * 2013 $14,000 - $29,200 Engine, Major 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $22,700 - $27,600
Engine Minor 5
0505
0 *505
04050 * * 2014 $17,300 - $34,300 Engine Minor 4
0505
0502
0505
0505
0 * 2014 $25,900 - $35,000
2015 $19,200 - $26,000 2015 $29,500 - $46,100
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0 *505
05050 * * 2016 $20,300 - $26,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $35,000 - $57,700
Trans. Major 4
0505
0 *505
05050 * * 2017 $24,500 - $30,900
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2017 $41,500 - $46,700
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0 *505
05050 * * 2018 $35,300 - $35,900
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0402
0 * 2018 $61,400 - $65,100
Drive System 5
0205
0 *504
05050 * * 2019 $36,800 - $45,000
Drive System 5
0503
0502
0505
0404
0 * 2019 $69,600 - $74,400
Fuel System 5
0505
0 *505
04050 * * Fuel System 5
0503
0505
0505
0505
0 *
Electrical 5
0505
0 *505
Electrical 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0503
0 *505
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
0505
0505
0305
0505
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0304
0 *201
05050 * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension 1
0402
0405
0504
0105
0 * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes 5
0304
0 *105
01050 * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 5
0203
0205
0305
0503
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 1
0505
0 *505
05050 * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0503
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 3
0505
0 *505
05050 * * 2013 Good 4/4 4/5 Paint/Trim 3
0505
0405
0405
0205
0 * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 1
0205
0 *505
04050 * * 2014 Good 4/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0505
0505
0303
0 * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 3
0505
0 *505
05050 * * 2015 Good 4/4 5/5 Body Hardware 4
0205
0505
0405
0505
0 * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 5
0504
0 *405
04050 * * Power Equip. 5
0505
0405
0405
0504
0 *
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0305
0 *104
05040 * * 2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0404
0505
0205
0104
0 * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0505
0 * *4
040 6 * * 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0301
0 * 2019 NT NT NT

L
Lexus LX Lexus NX ! Good Bet
Lexus uses a rebadged, upscale Toyota Land Cruiser for its top- The NX luxury compact SUV is based on the Toyota RAV4 and
trim LX. It is one of the few SUVs that is both capable off-road and uses a 2.0-liter, turbo four-cylinder engine mated to a six-speed
civilized on pavement. It has a slick powertrain, a comfortable ride, automatic. This combination works well and delivers 24 mpg overall.
and a quiet, nicely appointed cabin. Added features over the Land The NX 300h hybrid uses a 194-hp engine with a CVT, and its 29
Cruiser include a height-adjustable air suspension and a power- mpg overall makes it one of the most fuel efficient SUVs we’ve ever
adjustable steering wheel. Five adults can fit quite comfortably, but tested. The NX delivers a sportier, less cushy driving experience
the power folding third-row seat takes up cargo room. Our tested than the larger RX. The interior is adorned with nice stitching but
Land Cruiser only got 14 mpg overall. It was impressive off road: some cheap touches are evident, and the cabin is very tight, with
the crawl mode manages throttle and braking over tough terrain. compromised visibility. The dash gets a multipurpose center screen
Updates for 2016 included a standard eight-speed automatic and controlled by a fussy touchpad that requires a distracting level of
blind spot warning with rear cross-traffic alert. Beginning with the focus to manipulate.
2017 models, automatic emergency braking and lane departure
warning became standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2015.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD.

2010 $25,000 - $25,000 2010 -
Trouble Lexus LX Trouble Lexus NX
Spots 2011 $27,100 - $27,100 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2013 $33,800 - $33,800 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2014 $38,400 - $38,400 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0 2014 -
2015 $42,900 - $42,900 2015 $22,000 - $25,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2016 $58,700 - $58,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0
2016 $23,300 - $28,400
Trans. Major
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2017 $65,800 - $65,800
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0
2017 $25,800 - $30,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2018 $71,300 - $72,800
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0 2018 $29,600 - $33,800
Drive System
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2019 $77,800 - $79,800
Drive System 5
0505
0505
0 2019 $33,300 - $37,800
Fuel System
* * * * * * *5
0 * * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0
Electrical
* * * * * * *5
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * *5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 5
0505
0505
0
2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * *3
0 * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
0505
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * *3
0 * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 5
0505
0505
0 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 4
0405
0505
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * *5
0 * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 NT NT NT 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * *5
0 * * Power Equip. 4
0505
0505
0
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * *4
0 * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 2
0403
0204
0
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * *5
0 * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 5
0505
0505
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

L 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Lexus RC Lexus RX ! Good Bet
This aggressively styled sports coupe has seating for four. Essentially While it isn’t as sporty to drive as more athletic competitors from
a coupe version of the IS sedan, the RC uses a standard 3.5-liter Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz, the RX offers a cabin that’s just
V6 engine hooked up to an eight-speed automatic. An all-wheel- as quiet and plush but with Lexus’s proven track record of peerless
drive version is available with a six-speed automatic. Top-trim RC reliability. The V6 is refined and responsive, and returned 19 mpg
F versions, fitted with a 467-hp, 5.0-liter V8, target the BMW M4. overall in our tests. The hybrid model debuted for 2006 and
That prodigious output is routed to the rear wheels with a torque- delivered 23 mpg overall. The 2010 redesign brought even better fuel
vectoring differential, which sends power to the wheel that has the economy for both versions, a more luxurious interior, and additional
most grip. The RC F is super-quick, with a loud exhaust bark. The safety and connectivity features. Handling became more lackluster,
various driving modes sharpen throttle and steering response, but though it is ultimately secure. A comfortable ride and easy cabin
the car’s weight ultimately compromises agility. access makes the RX easy to live with. Inside is a well-finished, quiet
and comfortable interior with room for five. The infotainment system
Redesign/Freshening: 2015. uses a convoluted mouse-like controller. For the 2016 redesign, the
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags V6 engine is paired with an eight-speed transmission.
standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2016.
standard.

2010 - 2010 $12,300 - $13,500
Trouble Lexus RC Trouble Lexus RX
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $13,500 - $14,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,800 - $16,200
Engine, Major 5
0 * * * * 2013 - Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $17,600 - $18,700
Engine Minor 5
0 * * * * 2014 - Engine Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $18,200 - $21,000
2015 $25,900 - $36,700 2015 $21,000 - $24,900
Engine Cooling 5
0 * * * * 2016 $24,800 - $42,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $27,300 - $35,800
Trans. Major 5
0 * * * * 2017 $28,300 - $49,700
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $30,200 - $39,100
Trans. Minor 5
0 * * * * 2018 $36,300 - $56,700
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $35,900 - $44,300
Drive System 5
0 * * * * 2019 $40,900 - $64,700
Drive System 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $40,700 - $49,800
Fuel System 5
0 * * * * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0 * * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
0 * * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes 4
0504
0505
0504
0405
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/4
Exhaust 5
0 * * * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/4
Paint/Trim 5
0 * * * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0 * * * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0504
0504
0403
0405
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0 * * * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0 * * * * Power Equip. 5
0505
0505
0405
0504
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0 * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0205
0505
0505
0404
040
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0 * * * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0504
040 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

L
Lincoln Continental Lincoln MKC
Lincoln’s high-tech flagship sedan arrived in 2017 and is based on The MKC includes luxury and high-tech features, but this Ford
the accomplished MKZ. The base engine is a lackluster 3.7-liter V6. Escape-based vehicle falls short of the class leaders. Power is strong,
The 2.7-liter twin-turbo V6, however, packs a lot of punch. The top- particularly from the 2.3-liter turbo four-cylinder, but it returned just
level trims get a 400-hp, 3.0-liter twin-turbo V6. Front-wheel drive is 19-mpg overall in our tests. Combined with the small gas tank, that
standard, with all-wheel drive optional. The ride is very comfortable, results in a short cruising range. A fussy push-button shifter controls
and the cabin is super-quiet. Handling is responsive, but the car is the six-speed automatic. None of the adaptive suspension modes
intended to be a relaxed cruiser. The cabin is nicely finished and make for a truly comfortable ride. Handling is secure, but agility
very roomy, particularly in the back. The standard front seats look trails most rivals. A quiet cabin, plush trim, easy access, and decent
unusual and compromise support. We’re no fans of the push-button rear-seat room enhance livability, but rear visibility is limited. For the
gear selector and the electronic buttons that are used instead of an 2016 model year, Sync 3 replaced the much-maligned MyLincoln
interior door handle. In terms of pricing, the Continental competes Touch.
with luxury midsized sedans.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Lincoln Continental Trouble Lincoln MKC
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
050 * 2013 - Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0 2014 -
2015 - 2015 $15,700 - $19,300
Engine Cooling 5
050 * 2016 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0
2016 $16,400 - $23,600
Trans. Major 5
050 * 2017 $22,300 - $34,500
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0
2017 $18,100 - $28,000
Trans. Minor 5
050 * 2018 $26,700 - $36,400
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0505
0 2018 $22,000 - $32,900
Drive System 4
050 * 2019 $32,200 - $50,400
Drive System 3
0505
0405
0 2019 $26,200 - $37,600
Fuel System 5
050 * Fuel System 4
0505
0504
0
Electrical 5
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0504
0405
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
050 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 3
0204
0405
0
2010 - - -
Brakes 5
050 * 2011 - - -
Brakes 4
0505
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
050 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
050 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 4
0405
0505
0 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 2
020 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 1
0204
0504
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 2
050 * 2015 - - - Body Hardware 2
0105
0505
0 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0202
0205
0
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
030 * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0103
0204
0
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
050 * 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2
0304
0305
0 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

L 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Lincoln MKS Lincoln MKT
The Lincoln MKS, a Ford Taurus-based sedan, debuted in 2009 with This big three-row SUV is based on the Ford Flex and has a very
a 3.7-liter V6 that provides good power but isn’t particularly refined. roomy, plush, and quiet interior along with many luxury amenities.
In lieu of a V8, a turbocharged V6 is available, as is all-wheel-drive. However, the view out and the driving position are compromised
The ride is comfortable but not always settled. Handling is secure by its styling. The third-row seats are best suited for kids. Base
but lacks agility, and none of the three-mode suspension settings models are powered by a 3.7-liter V6. The up-level engine is a
are ideal. The interior is roomy, but the driving position and foot turbocharged V6, making it quick while returning 18 mpg overall.
well are narrow. Despite some nice interior materials, some details The ride is comfortable, but handling lacks agility, and the MKT is
come up short. A short opening limits the usefulness of the otherwise cumbersome at its cornering limits. A wide turning circle hampers
huge trunk, and a high rear deck restricts rear visibility. More recent maneuverability. For the 2016 model year, Sync 3 replaced the
models gained the MyLincoln Touch infotainment system, which is much-maligned MyLincoln Touch.
convoluted and frustrating to use. The outdated and outclassed MKS
was replaced by the stylish, all-new Continental in 2017. Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2013.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2013. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
standard.

2010 $7,200 - $7,600 2010 $6,500 - $8,100
Trouble Lincoln MKS Trouble Lincoln MKT
Spots 2011 $8,300 - $9,000 Spots 2011 $7,600 - $9,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,700 - $10,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,700 - $10,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2013 $11,200 - $12,200 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $10,100 - $11,700
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2014 $13,100 - $14,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $12,500 - $15,100
2015 $15,800 - $17,700 2015 $15,300 - $18,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2016 $18,400 - $20,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $17,500 - $20,700
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $18,800 - $22,400
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $22,200 - $28,900
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $30,800 - $33,300
Fuel System
* * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * 2017 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT

L
Lincoln MKX Lincoln MKZ
Lincoln’s first midsize SUV, the car-based MKX, arrived in 2007. A The MKZ is based on the capable Ford Fusion. In 2007 an all-wheel-
luxurious version of the Ford Edge, the MKX uses Ford’s 3.5-liter drive version was introduced. A 2010 freshening saw improvements
V6 and six-speed automatic, a combination that delivered strong to the turning circle, improved interior materials, and a quieter cabin.
performance. The ride is comfortable, but handling lacks agility. The ride became more supple and controlled, and handling more
Rear visibility isn’t very good. The MyLincoln Touch infotainment responsive. A hybrid arrived in 2011. The 2013 redesign brought a
system on more recent versions is distracting and tedious to use. much better car, with an improved ride, handling that rivaled some
The cabin is nicely appointed and relatively quiet, but doesn’t European sports sedans, and a far more luxurious interior. Engine
match up to the competition. A 2016 redesign brought a turbo V6 choices were a turbo four-cylinder as well as a V6 and a hybrid.
engine with smooth power and agile handling. A much better Sync But the MyLincoln Touch infotainment system is cumbersome to
3 infotainment system replaced MyLincoln Touch. Convenience and use, the push-button gear shifter and touch-sensitive controls were
safety features include automatic emergency braking, lane keeping frustrating, and the sleek styling compromised cabin access and
assist, and cross traffic warning. For 2019 the MKX was refreshed rear-seat room.
and renamed Nautilus.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2011, 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags ESC standard from 2009.

2010 $8,200 - $9,200 2010 $6,100 - $6,800
Trouble Lincoln MKX Trouble Lincoln MKZ
Spots 2011 $9,400 - $10,400 Spots 2011 $7,000 - $7,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,500 - $11,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,800 - $8,500
Engine, Major
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
0 2013 $12,000 - $13,500 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,400 - $12,300
Engine Minor
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
0 2014 $14,100 - $15,500 Engine Minor 2
0505
0505
0305
0505
050 2014 $12,600 - $13,800
2015 $16,100 - $17,800 2015 $14,300 - $20,000
Engine Cooling
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
0
2016 $16,200 - $26,600
Engine Cooling 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,600 - $22,400
Trans. Major
*5
0 *5
0 * *4
0505
0
2017 $18,100 - $31,000
Trans. Major 5
0405
0203
0505
0505
050
2017 $18,400 - $29,200
Trans. Minor
*5
0 *2
0 * *4
0505
0 2018 $22,800 - $37,200
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0205
0503
0505
050 2018 $21,200 - $34,900
Drive System
*4
0 *3
0 * *5
0505
0 2019 -
Drive System 5
0403
0405
0505
0505
050 2019 $24,400 - $33,000
Fuel System
*5
0 *4
0 * *5
0505
0 Fuel System 2
0505
0505
0305
0505
050
Electrical
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
Electrical 4
0505
0504
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*3
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0202
0504
0405
0405
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*2
0 *5
0 * *4
0405
0
2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Suspension 4
0103
0102
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
*1
0 *5
0 * *3
0505
0 2011 Good 3/3 5/5
Brakes 1
0403
0303
0504
0505
050 2011 Good 4/3 5/3
Exhaust
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
0 2012 Good 3/3 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0504
0505
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/3
Paint/Trim
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0405
0 2013 Good 3/3 5/5 Paint/Trim 2
0405
0102
0304
0503
050 2013 Good 5/4 3/5
Noises & Leaks
*5
0 *4
0 * *4
0404
0405
0203
0304
0505
040 2014 Good 5/4 3/5
Body Hardware
*4
0 *5
0 * *4
0505
0404
0101
0303
0505
040 2015 Good 5/4 3/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 3/5
Power Equip.
*1
0 *5
0 * *1
0404
0 Power Equip. 2
0504
0201
0403
0305
040
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/3 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*1
0 *2
0 * *1
0201
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0101
0301
0401
0303
040
2018 Good 5/3 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *3
0 *5
0 * *2
0404
0 2019 - - - Verdict 3
0404
0303
0304
0405
040 2019 Good 5/3 5/5

L 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Lincoln Navigator Maserati Ghibli
The Navigator is an upgraded Ford Expedition with leather and The Ghibli is Maserati’s more-attainable luxury sedan. It uses a
wood interior trim, seating for eight, and a selectable 4WD system Ferrari-developed 345-hp, turbo V6 mated to an eight-speed
that could be left permanently engaged. A redesign for 2003 automatic, driving the rear wheels. The SQ 4 all-wheel-drive version
improved the ride and handling. The cabin is quiet, and both rows of has a 404-hp turbo V6. The platform is based on the Chrysler 300,
rear seats are comfortable and spacious for three adults -- unusual but the Ghibli’s interior, driving dynamics, and exhaust note are
with any SUV. In 2007 the Navigator was freshened, receiving a all Italian. Handling is sporty and agile, and the engine emits a
six-speed automatic transmission. The power-operated third-row distinctive bark. The interior is full of high quality leather and suede,
seat folds flat into the floor, and the Navigator L is 15 inches longer, and most controls are easy to use, including Chrysler’s UConnect
bringing significantly more cargo room. A freshening in 2015 brought touch screen. The ride is stiff and the rear seat is cramped.
a turbocharged six-cylinder in place of the V8. The Navigator was
redesigned for 2018, and offers forward collision warning, automatic Redesign/Freshening: 2014.
emergency braking, and blind spot warning. Properly equipped, it Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection
can tow up to 8,300 pounds. air bags standard.
standard.

2010 $10,300 - $12,100 2010 -
Trouble Lincoln Navigator Trouble Maserati Ghibli
Spots 2011 $12,400 - $13,700 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,900 - $16,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2013 $15,700 - $18,000 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2014 $18,500 - $20,600 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2014 $19,300 - $21,500
2015 $26,900 - $31,200 2015 $22,600 - $25,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2016 $32,200 - $39,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2016 $26,000 - $31,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2017 $36,300 - $44,500
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2017 $30,600 - $37,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2018 $54,400 - $80,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2018 $40,100 - $48,100
Drive System
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2019 $59,400 - $84,600
Drive System
* * * * * * 2019 $51,600 - $62,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * *5
0 * Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * * * * *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2012 NT 3/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2013 NT 3/4 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * *4
0 * 2014 NT 3/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * *4
0 * 2015 NT 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 NT 5/5 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * *1
0 * Power Equip.
* * * * * *
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * *2
0 * 2018 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * *3
0 * 2019 NT 5/5 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT

M
Mazda2 Mazda3 ! Good Bet
This subcompact hatchback is about the size of the Honda Fit The Mazda3 is one of the better small cars choices, with precise,
or Toyota Yaris. Only the five-door version of the Mazda2 was responsive handling and a firm ride. Interior quality is very good,
available. Power comes from a 100-hp, 1.5-liter four-cylinder engine. though the cabin is noisy and the rear seat somewhat tight. For
A slick-shifting five-speed manual transmission is standard, and a 2012, Mazda added a new 2.0-liter Skyactiv engine and six-speed
four-speed automatic is optional, but it saps some power. Handling automatic transmission that boosted fuel economy to an impressive
is quite nimble, and the ride is tolerable, but the cabin is noisy. Rear- 32 mpg. It’s common to find many upscale features on the 3 but the
seat room is relatively good given the size of the car. It is related to infotainment system on later models takes some getting used to.
the Ford Fiesta, but it trades some refinement and comfort in order The redesigned 2019 Mazda3 uses a 2.5-liter four-cylinder mated
to sell at a lower price. 2014 was the last year for the Mazda2 in the to a six-speed manual or automatic transmission. All-wheel drive
U.S. However, the redesigned Mazda2 was available in Canada, and is optional. The interior is nicely furnished and features a new
was sold in the U.S. as the Scion iA and then the Toyota Yaris iA. infotainment system that drivers interact exclusively through a rotary
knob. Handling is still nimble but less sporty than in the previous 3.
Redesign/Freshening: 2011. Mazda has improved the ride; it’s firm, but absorbs impacts well. The
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags cabin is relatively quiet and nicely finished.
standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2014, 2019.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags, ESC
standard.

2010 - 2010 $4,800 - $7,800
Trouble Mazda2 Trouble Mazda3
Spots 2011 $4,700 - $4,800 Spots 2011 $5,300 - $8,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,300 - $5,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,800 - $9,700
Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 $5,900 - $6,000 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $6,600 - $11,500
Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 $6,500 - $6,600 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $8,400 - $13,300
2015 - 2015 $9,700 - $14,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,400 - $16,200
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $14,100 - $17,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $14,300 - $19,400
Drive System
* * * * 2019 -
Drive System 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
050 2019 $18,400 - $25,300
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System 4
0404
0504
0505
0505
050
Electrical
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0504
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension 1
0304
0404
0505
0505
010
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 3
0304
0402
0203
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/2
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 4/2
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 3
0304
0304
0505
0405
050 2013 Good 5/4 4/2
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 3
0403
0404
0505
0405
040 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware 5
0404
0405
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 4/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/4 4/5
Power Equip.
* * * * Power Equip. 5
0305
0404
0403
0304
050
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/4 4/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 2
0304
0501
0101
0304
020
2018 Good 5/4 4/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict 4
0505
0504
0404
0505
030 2019 Good NT NT

M 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Mazda5 Mazda6
The Mazda5 has the utility of a minivan yet is as agile, maneuverable When it debuted the Mazda6 had a firm yet compliant ride and
and economical as a small car. Based on the Mazda3, it delivers excellent brakes. The four-cylinder engine doesn’t feel refined and
responsive handling and a comfortable ride. Our major beef is its the V6 is quick but thirsty. That vintage scored Poor in the IIHS
pronounced road noise. Fuel economy was a decent 23 mpg overall. side-crash test when tested without side air bags. The four-cylinder
The 2.3-liter, four-cylinder provides adequate performance but feels returned 24 mpg overall, while the powerful 3.7-liter V6 got 20 mpg.
weak when hauling full loads or climbing hills. Visibility and access A new Mazda6 arrived in 2013. We got an excellent 32 mpg overall
are excellent. It has flexible seating for four passengers and their from the smooth four-cylinder and six-speed automatic. The car is
luggage, or can accommodate six people but little luggage. The two agile and capable in corners, with a taut but firm ride. The cabin
rearmost seats are cramped. 2008 brought a five-speed automatic is loud, particularly on the highway. Most examples have a rotary
which improved fuel economy slightly. The 2012 freshening brought a knob the interfaces with a screen for audio, and phone tasks. It takes
2.5-liter engine that improved performance slightly. 2015 was the last some getting used to but is manageable. Note that with that system
year for the Mazda5. the car can be retrofitted for Apple CarPlay.

Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
ESC standard from 2010. standard.

2010 $5,200 - $5,200 2010 $5,700 - $6,800
Trouble Mazda5 Trouble Mazda6
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $5,700 - $9,100
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,100 - $8,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,000 - $10,000
Engine, Major 5
0 5
0405
050 2013 $7,000 - $8,900 Engine, Major 5
0 * * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $7,000 - $11,400
Engine Minor 5
0 5
0505
050 2014 $8,400 - $10,500 Engine Minor 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0503
0 * 2014 $9,700 - $12,100
2015 $10,900 - $13,200 2015 $11,700 - $14,500
Engine Cooling 5
0 5
0505
3 * *5
0505
0505
0 *
2016 - 2016 $13,600 - $17,600
Trans. Major 4
0 5
0505
5 * *5
0505
0505
0 *
2017 - 2017 $14,700 - $19,500
Trans. Minor 1
0 5
0505
050 2018 -
Trans. Minor 0 *
4 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2018 $14,900 - $24,900
Drive System 2
0 2
0405
050 2019 -
Drive System 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2019 $16,900 - $27,200
Fuel System 2
0 1
0503
050 Fuel System 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
0 *
Electrical 5
0 5
0504
Electrical 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0 5
0205
Climate Syst. 0 *
4 * *2
0505
0505
Suspension 1
0 2
0204
050 Suspension 0 *
3 * *5
0505
0505
0 *
2010 NT 5/5 5/4 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
0 2
0404
050 2011 - - -
Brakes 0 *
5 * *1
0104
0305
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 1
0 2
0405
050 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good 4/3 5/4
Paint/Trim 3
0 5
0504
040 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 0 *
4 * *3
0404
0404
0 * 2013 Good 4/3 5/4
Noises & Leaks 1
0 2
0301
050 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 0 *
4 * *3
0505
0402
0 * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0 5
0504
050 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 0 *
4 * *5
0505
0505
0 * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 - - -
0 *
2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0 3
0204
030 Power Equip. 1 * *4
0405
0304
0 *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0 4
0405
5 * *1
0303
0403
0 *
Used-Car
2018 - - -
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Verdict 2
0 3
0405
050 2019 - - - Verdict 0*
4 * *3
0405
0404
0 * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

M
Mazda CX-3 Mazda CX-5 ! Good Bet
Mazda’s entry in the mini-utility segment delivers agile, fun-to-drive The CX-5 is competitive in the small SUV class. Handling is taut and
handling; a solid and substantial feel; and good fuel economy. agile, with quick, well weighted steering that makes the CX-5 fun in
The ride is firm but does a good job absorbing impacts, except corners. But we found the ride to be choppy and the cabin is loud.
on versions with 18-inch wheels and tires. Noise levels are high. Both the 2.0-liter and the more powerful 2.5-liter engines returned
The CX-3 is available with front- or all-wheel drive, and the sole an impressive 25 mpg overall in our tests. Look for a model with the
powertrain is a 2.0-liter four-cylinder and a six-speed automatic. 2.5-liter engine, which is much more responsive than the 2.0-liter.
It’s a smooth, willing mill but isn’t overly powerful. The infotainment The six-speed automatic is smooth. The interior is roomy and
system includes a 7-inch center display screen and a rotary knob to versatile, and the controls are simple to use. Recent models have a
control phone and audio functions, but it takes time to get familiar rotary knob and a screen on the dash, but it takes some time to get
with its operation. The rear seat is very tight, and cargo space is used to it. The system can be retrofitted to work with Apple CarPlay.
modest. Blind-spot monitoring and adaptive cruise control are It’s easy to find upscale features on the Grand Touring version.
available. 2018 models get standard forward collision warning and low-speed
automatic emergency braking.
standard. FCW and AEB optional. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard. FCW and AEB available from 2016.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Mazda CX-3 Trouble Mazda CX-5
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 $9,200 - $12,700
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 $10,600 - $14,200
2015 - 2015 $12,200 - $16,400
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0 * 2016 $13,000 - $17,000
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $14,300 - $17,900
Trans. Major 5
0505
0 * 2017 $14,500 - $17,900
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $17,400 - $22,300
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0 * 2018 $16,000 - $19,600
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0 2018 $18,900 - $23,800
Drive System 5
0505
0 * 2019 $17,500 - $21,700
Drive System 5
0405
0505
0505
0 2019 $21,000 - $34,600
Fuel System 5
0505
0 * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0205
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0405
0505
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0405
0505
0505
0
2010 - - -
Brakes 5
0505
0 * 2011 - - -
Brakes 2
0304
0304
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 1
0405
0 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 4
0505
0504
0405
0 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0504
0 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 3
0503
0505
0505
0 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0505
0 * 2015 - - - Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/3 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0305
0 * Power Equip. 4
0405
0204
0405
0
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/4
In-Car Electr. 1
0305
0 * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0104
0203
0404
0
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0505
0 * 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 5
0405
0404
0505
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

M 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Mazda CX-9 Mazda MX-5 Miata ! Good Bet
The three-row CX-9 is a bit of a hidden gem. It’s quiet, agile, and has The Miata is a fun-to-drive weekend toy, with a smooth-shifting
a nice interior with attractive trim. The third-row seat is small but manual transmission. Zesty performance, super-nimble handling,
relatively easy to access. Handling is taut and agile, and the ride is and precise steering always made this car as enjoyable. After 2006
firm and steady, yet comfortable. The 60/40-split second-row seats the Miata received a smidgen more interior space and trunk room,
slide back and forth for greater second- or third-row leg room. It but you could still easily raise and lower the top manually from the
initially used Ford’s punchy, 3.5-liter V6 engine but in 2008 it got a driver’s seat. A power retractable hard top is also available. The ride
smoother, more refined 3.7-liter V6. The optional blind-spot warning is tolerable, and the constant road and engine noise can get tiring.
system works well. The original CX-9 performed poorly when tested Super-agile handling remains its long suit. Be prepared to travel light
in the IIHS small-overlap crash test. The 2016 redesign brought a given the tight quarters and have some dexterity to get in and out
responsive 2.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder mated to a smooth of the low cabin. The 2016 redesign took the Miata back to its roots
six-speed automatic, a comfortable ride, agile handling, and a nicely somewhat. Light weight lets the small 2.0-liter engine quickly scoot
furnished interior. the roadster along. Handling is sublime, but the ride is still stiff and
the seats lack support.
standard. FCW and AEB available from 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS and side air bags standard. ESC available
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. starting from 2006, standard from 2012.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 $7,300 - $8,300 2010 $8,500 - $9,800
Trouble Mazda CX-9 Trouble Mazda MX-5 Miata
Spots 2011 $6,800 - $10,000 Spots 2011 $9,100 - $13,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,900 - $11,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,900 - $15,100
Engine, Major 3
0405
0403
0404
0505
050 2013 $9,200 - $12,100 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,000 - $15,500
Engine Minor 4
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2014 $10,700 - $14,300 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,900 - $17,100
4
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,300 - $24,500 2016 $16,100 - $19,000
Trans. Major 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $19,400 - $27,400 2017 $17,900 - $23,400
Trans. Minor 2
0102
0405
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2018 $22,000 - $30,600 2018 $19,000 - $25,700
Drive System 4
0101
0205
0403
0505
050 Drive System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2019 $24,200 - $33,500 2019 $20,500 - $28,500
Fuel System 5
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 3
0505
0405
0504
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 4
0404
0405
0402
0504
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
0501
0505
Suspension 3
0403
0303
0505
0405
050 Suspension 5
0502
0505
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 3
0101
0105
0405
0105
050 Brakes 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 4
0402
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Paint/Trim 5
0501
0504
0501
0505
050 Paint/Trim 5
0505
0505
0505
0501
050
2013 Good 3/3 5/5 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
0304
0105
0105
0405
0504
0501
0103
0505
050 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 4
0505
0205
0505
0505
0504
0505
0504
0505
050 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 2016 NT NT NT Power Equip. 2016 NT NT NT

3
0204
0305
0404
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
In-Car Electr. 5
0405
0405
0501
0202
010 In-Car Electr. 5
0503
0401
0505
0505
050
Used-Car
2018 NT NT NT
Verdict 3
0302
0205
0403
0405
050 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 NT NT NT

M
Mercedes-Benz C-Class Mercedes-Benz CLA
Just about every C-Class we’ve tested has been smooth, quick, quiet, The sleek and compact CLA250 is Mercedes’ entry-level, front-
and comfortable. You can usually count on a supple, quiet ride, as drive, compact, four-door coupe. It has a nicely-finished cabin and
well as firm but very comfortable front seats. The 2008 redesign fuel economy of 28 mpg is respectable. But the driving experience
made rear seat a bit bigger but the cabin remained snug. The falls well short of a typical Mercedes. The 2.0-liter four-cylinder
3.0-liter V6 provides strong performance and decent fuel economy and seven-speed automatic lack refinement. It’s quick, but power
of 21 mpg overall in our tests. The C remained fun to drive, but the delivery is uneven. While fairly agile, the car rides stiffly. The cabin
ride can be choppy with the sport suspension and the steering was is noisy and cramped, especially in the rear, the view out is seriously
overly light. We liked the improvements made to the C when we impaired, and access is difficult both front and rear. All-wheel drive
tested a 2012 C250 with the smooth turbo four-cylinder. The Luxury is optional. The high-performance, 355-hp CLA45 tops the range.
version had a steady ride and agile handling. Some controls are not
that logical. The redesigned 2015 C-Class is a major upgrade with a Redesign/Freshening: 2014.
luxurious ride, nimble handling and impressively furnished interior, Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
but controls are complicated. standard.
standard.

2010 $6,800 - $17,100 2010 -
Trouble Mercedes-Benz C-Class Trouble Mercedes-Benz CLA
Spots 2011 $7,900 - $18,600 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,500 - $22,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0305
0105
0505
050 2013 $9,700 - $26,000 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor 3
0501
0305
0205
0505
050 2014 $11,700 - $29,700 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2014 $15,500 - $22,800
2015 $15,000 - $40,300 2015 $17,600 - $27,500
Engine Cooling 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,500 - $43,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2016 $18,800 - $33,600
Trans. Major 5
0105
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $21,700 - $57,700
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2017 $21,200 - $38,400
Trans. Minor 4
0404
0505
0405
0405
050 2018 $25,200 - $63,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2018 $23,800 - $42,100
Drive System 4
0502
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $30,700 - $72,200
Drive System
* * * * * * 2019 $27,400 - $48,200
Fuel System 1
0104
0303
0505
0304
050 Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical 4
0505
0505
0405
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 2
0103
0505
0505
0305
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 2
0503
0504
0305
0505
050
2010 Good NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 5
0104
0304
0303
0405
040 2011 Good 4/2 5/4
Brakes
* * * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0501
0503
0505
0505
* * * * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0502
0304
0405
0205
* * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0103
0505
0505
0505
* * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 1
0404
0503
0204
0203
030 Power Equip.
* * * * * *
2017 Good 5/4 5/4 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0103
0505
0102
0405
040
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0303
0505
0105
0204
020 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

M 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Mercedes-Benz CLS Mercedes-Benz E-Class
The CLS sedan combines swoopy, coupe-like styling with four The E-Class has been among the best cars CR has tested,
doors. But the low roof, small windows, and reduced interior space traditionally combining a first-class cabin with agile handling and
compromise access, visibility, and rear-seat room. The V8 offers a smooth ride. The E350’s punchy 3.5-liter V6 and seven-speed
smooth and abundant power, but in our tests the seven-speed automatic returned 21 mpg overall. Though it is refined and quiet,
automatic hesitated before downshifts and wasn’t always smooth. we didn’t find the 2010 redesign as impressive as its predecessor.
The quick steering offers good feedback, and handling is capable Handling is capable, but the steering isn’t as communicative as it
but not really sporty. The ride is mostly steady, but some side-to- used to be. Subsequent updates, including a revised suspension,
side motions are annoying. Noise levels are hushed. Fit and finish moved the car back to benchmark status. A frugal 2.1-liter
is excellent, but the controls are complicated. For 2012 the car four-cylinder diesel returns 30 mpg overall in our tests. Interior
was extensively freshened, with a 4.6-liter twin-turbo V8. The 2019 accommodations are plush, with comfortable and supportive seats,
redesign brought even more complicated controls. Basic driver assist excellent fit and finish, and a large trunk. The Luxury trim is the one
systems are standard, including blind spot warning, active braking, to go for, because the Sport has an overly-firm ride. A convertible,
and a driver-attention monitor. wagon, and coupe are offered.

standard. standard.

2010 $10,700 - $19,300 2010 $9,000 - $16,500
Trouble Mercedes-Benz CLS Trouble Mercedes-Benz E-Class
Spots 2011 $13,600 - $23,600 Spots 2011 $10,100 - $19,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $17,100 - $25,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,400 - $26,900
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $19,300 - $30,100 Engine, Major 3
0405
0504
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,900 - $29,100
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $24,300 - $39,100 Engine Minor 1
0103
0104
0505
0505
050 2014 $15,500 - $44,700
2015 $24,900 - $49,200 2015 $17,700 - $49,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $30,700 - $61,600
Engine Cooling 3
0505
0405
0505
0505
050
2016 $21,400 - $52,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $38,400 - $74,400
Trans. Major 5
0505
0305
0505
0505
050
2017 $29,000 - $51,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $58,300 - $86,200
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2018 $35,500 - $83,300
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $62,800 - $69,800
Drive System 5
0403
0404
0505
0505
050 2019 $40,900 - $91,300
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 2
0105
0303
0505
0405
050
Electrical
Electrical 1
0405
0305
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0404
0305
0304
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 5
0305
0404
0505
0404
050
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 3
0305
0103
0505
0405
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
0404
0503
0405
0404
050 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
0205
0504
0103
0102
040 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
0305
0505
0405
0505
050 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 NT NT NT 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * Power Equip. 4
0304
0303
0304
0104
050
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0302
0503
0404
0201
010
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
0305
0204
0405
0303
030 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

M
Mercedes-Benz GLA Mercedes-Benz GL, GLS
Essentially a raised wagon version of the CLA sedan, the GLA This seven-passenger luxury SUV has a third-row seat that’s roomy
performed better in our tests than its sibling. It got 26-mpg overall enough for adults. The 4.6-liter V8 is smooth and delivers strong
from the 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder. But the seven-speed dual- performance. Expect 15 mpg overall; diesel models return 19-20 mpg
clutch automatic is unrefined and, combined with the engine’s turbo overall. Handling is relatively responsive, with good steering feel
lag, makes the GLA feel lethargic despite its quick acceleration that belies the GL’s size and weight. It proved secure and forgiving
times. Handling is fairly agile, but the ride is stiff, and the cabin in our tests, the ride is comfortable, and the interior is very quiet. Fit
is loud. Visibility, particularly to the rear, is poor. Standard safety and finish is excellent, but some controls are overly complicated.
features include a radar-based collision-prevention system. The GL can tackle most off-road situations, and towing capacity
Autonomous emergency braking, blind-spot monitoring, and lane is impressive. The redesigned 2013 version is one of the most
assist are optional. A front-drive version and a high-performance comfortable-riding SUVs we’ve tested, but handling is clumsy at its
375-hp GLA45 are available. Changes for 2018 include minor styling limits. Interior accommodations are top notch. Available features
updates and an optional suspension package that slightly increases include a self-parking system and a 360-degree camera view. The
ground clearance. GL was renamed the GLS in 2017.
Redesign/Freshening: 2015. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2013, 2017.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD.

2010 - 2010 $10,400 - $13,800
Trouble Mercedes-Benz GLA Trouble Mercedes-Benz GL, GLS
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $12,600 - $15,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,600 - $17,700
Engine, Major 5
0 * *5
* * * * *4
0 *5
0 2013 $18,700 - $34,000
Engine Minor 5
0 * *5
* * * * *4
0 *5
0 2014 $21,700 - $39,600
2015 $17,500 - $27,000 2015 $25,100 - $45,900
Engine Cooling 4
0 * *5
0 * 2016 $18,800 - $32,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0 *5
0
2016 $31,800 - $54,200
Trans. Major 5
0 * *5
0 * 2017 $21,300 - $35,300
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0 *5
0
2017 $37,400 - $72,100
Trans. Minor 4
0 * *5
0 * 2018 $23,900 - $39,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0 *5
0 2018 $44,500 - $84,700
Drive System 4
0 * *5
0 * 2019 $27,000 - $44,600
Drive System
* * * * *5
0 *5
0 2019 $56,500 - $105,300
Fuel System 4
0 * *5
0 * Fuel System
* * * * *5
0 *5
0
Electrical 5
0 * *5
Electrical
* * * * *4
0 *5
Climate Syst. 5
0 * *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0 *4
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
0 * *1
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * *2
0 *5
0
2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0 * *5
0 * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * *1
0 *5
0 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0 * *5
0 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0 *4
0 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0 * *5
0 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0 *4
0 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 5
0 * *4
0 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * *5
0 *2
0 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0 * *4
0 * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * *5
0 *5
0 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 5
0 * *4
0 * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * *4
0 *5
0
2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 4
0 * *4
0 * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *4
0 *2
0
2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0 * *3
0 * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * *3
0 *5
0 2019 NT NT NT

M 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Mercedes-Benz GLK, GLC Mercedes-Benz M-Class, GLE
Based on the C-Class sedan, the GLK has a smooth 3.5-liter V6 that The M-Class has a roomy interior with seating for five and lots of
delivers quick acceleration and 18 mpg overall. Ride comfort is solid cargo room. You can count on the ML to ride and handle relatively
and tranquil when cruising, but the low-speed ride is a bit unsettled. well. The 2006-12 generation had more powerful V6 and V8 engines,
The GLK handles fairly nimbly, but doesn’t shine at its limits. The a well-constructed interior, and a seven-speed automatic that
high, upright seating position affords a commanding view out. The sometimes hesitated to shift. Controls are confusing. The 2012
front seats are firm and well-shaped. Leg room in the rear is stingy redesign was a significant improvement. The SUV became quick
at best and the wide doorsills impede access. The controls aren’t and very refined, quiet, and well finished. Handling is responsive but
exactly logical. A 2013 freshening considerably improved the car, steering is a little vague. Towing capacity is impressive. A turbodiesel
with a new V6 engine that increased fuel economy to 21 mpg overall V6 was also available, as was a high-performance AMG version.
and more luxurious interior materials. A four-cylinder diesel engine Some controls have improved, but others are still complicated. In
was available. A 2016 redesign came with a name change to GLC. It 2016 the M-Class was renamed the GLE. First-rate interior finish
uses a 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder that delivers ample power, and a and well-padded seats are interior highlights, but the infotainment
nine-speed automatic that shifts smoothly and in a timely manner. system is complex. FCW and AEB are standard.

standard. standard.

2010 $9,200 - $9,700 2010 $9,100 - $17,700
Trouble Mercedes-Benz GLK, GLC Trouble Mercedes-Benz M-Class,
Spots 2011 $10,000 - $10,900 Spots GLE 2011 $10,500 - $19,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $11,300 - $12,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,100 - $24,100
Engine, Major 5
0 * *5
0503
0505
0505
0 2013 $13,300 - $14,500 Engine, Major 1
0104
0505
0405
0505
0 * 2013 $16,300 - $28,300
Engine Minor 0 *
5 *5
0504
0305
0505
0 2014 $15,200 - $16,900 Engine Minor 1
0102
0205
0505
0405
0 * 2014 $18,000 - $32,700
2015 $18,100 - $19,200 2015 $20,400 - $37,100
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 *5
0505
0505
0505
0 Engine Cooling 3
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 *
2016 $24,200 - $25,800 2016 $25,300 - $71,400
Trans. Major 0 *
4 *4
0405
0505
0405
0 Trans. Major 5
0504
0504
0505
0405
0 *
2017 $26,700 - $46,800 2017 $29,200 - $80,600
Trans. Minor 0 *
4 *5
0404
0505
0505
0 2018 $29,300 - $51,000
Trans. Minor 5
0504
0405
0505
0405
0 * 2018 $34,900 - $90,900
Drive System 0 *
1 *3
0505
0205
0505
0 2019 $33,600 - $66,300
Drive System 3
0401
0505
0305
0505
0 * 2019 $44,900 - $100,300
Fuel System 0 *
5 *1
0101
0305
0504
0 Fuel System 5
0101
0201
0304
0504
0 *
Electrical 0 *
5 *4
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 3
0104
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *
4 *2
0404
0504
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0405
0504
0503
0405
Suspension 0 *
3 *5
0403
0505
0505
0 Suspension 3
0203
0304
0304
0505
0 *
2010 NT NT NT 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *
4 *3
0102
0101
0305
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 3
0404
0301
0403
0504
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 *2
0404
0505
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0204
0503
0405
0505
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 0 *
5 *4
0505
0405
0504
0 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 5
0505
0504
0405
0504
0 * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 0 *
5 *4
0505
0104
0505
0504
0405
0304
0504
0 * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 0 *
5 *5
0505
0505
0505
0305
0305
0504
0505
0 * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 0 *
1 *4
0405
0204
0405
0 Power Equip. 1
0105
0204
0204
0505
0 *
In-Car Electr. 0 *
1 *4
0304
0302
0201
0 In-Car Electr. 4
0302
0504
0405
0103
0 *
Used-Car
2018 Good NT NT
Verdict 0*
4 *3
0303
0102
0303
0 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0103
0303
0204
0304
0 * 2019 Good NT NT

M
Mercedes-Benz S-Class Mercedes-Benz SL
The S-Class has always been stately and luxurious. A plush interior This premium two-seat roadster, with a folding hardtop, manages
and extremely comfortable and cushy ride, among the best we’ve to combine both sporty handling and a decent ride. The V8 engine
tested, make this flagship sedan a prime executive transport. But is strong and responsive. Handling is agile, with direct steering.
the driver is far from neglected. Sharp steering and nimble handling Fit and finish and seat comfort are excellent. But the controls are
bely its large size. Even base V8 offers strong acceleration. The cabin overly complicated. The 2007 redesign made the car sportier to
is roomy, with comfortable seats and impressive noise isolation. But drive despite its size and weight. But the seven-speed automatic
the integrated radio, climate, and navigation controls were difficult was slow to downshift. Fit and finish and seat comfort is excellent.
to operate. A 2007 redesign included a powerful 5.5-liter V8 and a 2012 brought a whole new car that is wider and longer, with a host
control system that is a bit easier to use, though still complicated. of high-tech safety features. Turbo V8 and V12 engines are offered,
The 2014 redesign brought a super-luxurious interior, powerful turbo as is an adjustable-opacity feature for the hard-top roof. Changes
engines, and complicated controls. Ride comfort is superb and for 2017 included styling updates and more horsepower for all of the
handling is quite agile. engines.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 $6,700 - $19,100 2010 -
Trouble Mercedes-Benz S-Class Trouble Mercedes-Benz SL
Spots 2011 $10,100 - $21,500 Spots 2011 $19,300 - $27,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,600 - $24,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $23,600 - $38,600
Engine, Major
* * * * *5
0 *5
040 * 2013 $17,400 - $28,800 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $29,600 - $42,800
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0 *5
040 * 2014 $33,700 - $46,500 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $35,900 - $56,900
2015 $38,000 - $67,400 2015 $31,200 - $72,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2016 $37,200 - $80,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $40,000 - $83,700
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2017 $45,500 - $104,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $51,800 - $99,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2018 $59,200 - $128,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $69,500 - $118,800
Drive System
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2019 $76,700 - $154,600
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $89,400 - $141,500
Fuel System
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * *5
0 *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *5
0 *4
010 * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * *4
0 *1
050 * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0 *5
030 * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *2
0 *5
010 * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * *5
0 *4
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * *5
0 *2
010 * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *2
0 *1
010 * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * *5
0 *2
010 * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

M 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Mercedes-Benz SLK, SLC Mini Cooper
This two-seat convertible has many high-end technical and safety The Mini is fun to drive and has plenty of head and legroom up
features, including a power-folding hardtop. With the roof up it front. It uses a small four-cylinder paired with a slick manual or a
feels almost as solid as a fixed-roof coupe. Over the years, the SLK responsive six-speed automatic. Handling is agile, with quick, precise
continued to be fun to drive, with agile handling, a comfortable ride, steering and very little body roll. The ride can be choppy. The base
and a strong V6. Optional warm-air vents in the head restraints engine lacks oomph, but the Cooper S, in early supercharged or
add comfort when driving with the top down on cool days. A 2012 later turbocharged form, is quick. The rear seat is tiny, and the
freshening included a new 3.5-liter V6 and seven-speed automatic, stylized controls and gauges are a confusing jumble. The Clubman
as well as a 1.8-liter turbo four-cylinder with a six-speed manual. arrived in 2008 with a small third door and useful back seats. The
The small cabin is well finished, but narrow. The car’s 2017 redesign redesigned 2014 Cooper grew wider and longer, rides better, and has
also brought a name change to SLC and four-cylinder and V6 turbo more normal controls. The base turbo three-cylinder is surprisingly
engines. powerful, and the turbo four-cylinder in the S is strong. We got 31
mpg with the base car, and 30 in the S.
Safety Equipment: ABS and side air bags standard. ESC standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014.
Drive Wheels: Rear. Safety Equipment: ABS and side air bags standard. Head protection
air bags standard on hatchback. ESC available, standard from 2009.

2010 $9,500 - $16,400 2010 $4,800 - $7,300
Trouble Mercedes-Benz SLK, SLC Trouble Mini Cooper
Spots 2011 $11,200 - $13,500 Spots 2011 $5,300 - $8,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $13,700 - $23,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,100 - $11,900
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $15,700 - $27,300 Engine, Major 1
0101
0501
0505
0405
050 2013 $7,500 - $16,500
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $18,000 - $31,600 Engine Minor 1
0101
0103
0505
0505
050 2014 $9,200 - $18,800
2015 $20,100 - $36,600 2015 $11,200 - $20,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $24,400 - $41,400
Engine Cooling 1
0101
0405
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,200 - $21,700
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $26,800 - $37,000
Trans. Major 1
0302
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $15,300 - $28,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $33,600 - $44,500
Trans. Minor 3
0102
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $17,500 - $32,800
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $40,000 - $53,700
Drive System 5
0302
0504
0505
0505
050 2019 $19,100 - $37,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 1
0301
0301
0405
0504
050
Electrical
Electrical 1
0101
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0304
0105
0504
0505
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 3
0501
0305
0304
0505
050
2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0202
0405
0104
0404
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0305
0501
0505
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
0403
0503
0503
0504
050 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
0101
0503
0505
0202
040 2014 Good 4/5 5/2
Body Hardware
0505
0503
0403
0504
040 2015 Good 4/5 5/3
2016 NT NT NT 2016 Good 4/5 5/3
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * Power Equip. 1
0101
0404
0304
0305
050
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 4/5 5/3
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0303
0305
0505
0504
040
2018 Good 4/5 5/3
Used-Car Used-Car
0101
0302
0304
0304
050 2019 Good 4/5 5/3

M
Mini Cooper Countryman Mitsubishi Eclipse
The four-door Countryman is a bigger pseudo-SUV version of the The Eclipse was available in a range of performance levels plus a
Mini. The quirky interior has well shaped and comfortable seats, and front-wheel drive convertible. Base-engine versions were less than
some models had an intriguing but flimsy sliding storage rail system. sporty. Turbocharged models were quicker, smoother, and quieter.
Early versions only sat four, but later versions added a three-person Based on the Galant sedan, the 2006 redesign eroded any true
rear seat. Sharing the quick steering and fantastic agility of other sporting credentials. Although the V6 was stronger and quieter
Minis, the Countryman is undeniably fun to drive. Unfortunately, than the lackluster four-cylinder, handling lacked agility and the car
the familiar Mini downsides carry over to this one, too, including wasn’t fun to drive. A flawed driving position, poor outward visibility,
frustrating controls and a choppy ride. Power comes from a 1.6-liter and virtually unusable rear seats were other detriments. Super-long
four-cylinder engine, either in standard 121-hp form or as a punchy doors make access difficult, and the convertible’s softtop creates
turbocharged S model good for 184 hp. Only the S version offers giant blind spots when raised. 2012 was the Eclipse’s last model year.
all-wheel drive. The 2017 redesign brings a base 1.5-liter turbo three-
cylinder, and a 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder for the S. Redesign/Freshening: 2006.
Safety Equipment: ABS and side air bags standard from. Head
Redesign/Freshening: 2011, 2017. protection air bags standard on hatchback. ESC available from 2008,
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags standard from 2010.

2010 - 2010 $5,100 - $7,600
Trouble Mini Cooper Countryman Trouble Mitsubishi Eclipse
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $5,400 - $7,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,900 - $8,500
Engine, Major
*1
0 * * * * *5
* * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
*1
0 * * * * *5
050 2014 $9,800 - $17,100 Engine Minor
* * * 2014 -
2015 $11,000 - $19,100 2015 -
Engine Cooling
*1
0 * * * * *5
050
2016 $13,100 - $23,200
Engine Cooling
* * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
*4
0 * * * * *5
050
2017 $18,100 - $22,000
Trans. Major
* * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
*5
0 * * * * *5
050 2018 $20,800 - $29,700
Trans. Minor
* * * 2018 -
Drive System
*4
0 * * * * *5
050 2019 $24,500 - $34,600
Drive System
* * * 2019 -
Fuel System
*1
0 * * * * *5
030 Fuel System
* * *
Electrical
*3
0 * * * * *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
*1
0 * * * * *5
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*4
0 * * * * *3
050
2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
*5
0 * * * * *3
050 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0 * * * * *5
050 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*4
0 * * * * *4
* * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
*1
0 * * * * *3
* * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
*5
0 * * * * *5
* * * 2015 - - -
2016 Good NT NT 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
*4
0 * * * * *3
050
2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
*5
0 * * * * *4
040
2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *1
0 * * * * *3
010 2019 Good NT NT Verdict * * * 2019 - - -

M 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Mitsubishi Galant Mitsubishi Lancer
The Galant has always trailed the competition from Honda, Mazda, The Lancer is an unimpressive compact sedan. Earlier versions had
Subaru, and Toyota. Handling wasn’t agile, the four-cylinder engine uncomfortable seats, clumsy handling, and an unsettled ride. A
was spirited but noisy, and the ride was choppy and stiff even on 2008 redesign brought great improvements, including a decent ride
smooth pavement. The V6 was unimpressive. A wide turning circle and handling that’s fairly agile. Its 2.0-liter four-cylinder has good
made parking awkward. The GTS V6 model was very quick, but acceleration but the engine is sluggish from a stop, tends to moan
suffered from too much torque steer. V6 versions were discontinued at high revs, and returns uncompetitive fuel economy. The cabin is
in 2010. 2012 was the Galant’s last model year. furnished with drab plastics, but the controls are simple to use. The
sporty, AWD Ralliart is quick and agile but it’s noisier, has a stiff
Redesign/Freshening: 2004. ride, and its automated manual transmission is annoying during all
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side air bags and head protection but the most spirited drives. The high-performance Evolution is a
air bags standard from 2007. ESC standard from 2010. turbocharged all-wheel-drive rally car for the road that is furiously
Drive Wheels: Front. fast, but grating to live with on a daily basis. The Lancer has been
discontinued from 2018.
ESC available in 2009, standard from 2010.

2010 $4,300 - $4,700 2010 $4,100 - $18,200
Trouble Mitsubishi Galant Trouble Mitsubishi Lancer
Spots 2011 $4,700 - $5,000 Spots 2011 $4,400 - $19,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,100 - $5,500 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,700 - $21,800
Engine, Major
* * * 2013 - Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2013 $4,900 - $25,100
Engine Minor
* * * 2014 - Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2014 $6,600 - $27,000
2015 - 2015 $7,800 - $29,600
Engine Cooling
* * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2016 $9,400 - $12,200
Trans. Major
* * * 2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2017 $11,400 - $14,100
Trans. Minor
* * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * 2010 Good 4/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2010 Good 5/4 5/4
Brakes
* * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/3
Paint/Trim
* * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/3
Noises & Leaks
* * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/3
Body Hardware
* * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2015 Good 5/4 5/3
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/4 5/3
Power Equip.
* * * Power Equip.
* * * * * * * *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/4 5/3
In-Car Electr.
* * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * * * * 2019 - - -

M
Mitsubishi Mirage Mitsubishi Outlander
Mitsubishi’s tiny, Thailand-built subcompact seems like an act of Mitsubishi’s small SUV alternates between mediocrity and
desperation, dressing a primitive Asia-market car with some upscale competitiveness. The original Outlander was noisy and slow,
toys and calling it a day. Good points include a decent-enough ride, and its 2.4-liter four-cylinder was thirsty. Handling was clumsy. A
frugal 37-mpg fuel economy, and an accommodating rear seat. The 2007 redesign considerably improved the Outlander, making it a
up-level ES also brings a fancy radio, push-button start, auto climate competitive small SUV. Originally available only with a punchy V6,
system and Bluetooth. However, the weak, vibrating, and incredibly a four-cylinder mated to a CVT arrived in 2008, returning 22 mpg
noisy three-cylinder engine provides sluggish acceleration, handling overall. Agile handling gave the Outlander a sporty feel. An optional
is very clumsy with a lot of body lean, and the cabin is depressingly third-row seat was unusual for the class, but it’s really only suited
low-rent. Further lowering its standing is its poor score in the IIHS for kids. A 2014 redesign stripped the Outlander of any athleticism,
small-overlap crash test. making it feel dated and cut-rate. Emphasizing utility on a budget,
the third-row seat became standard. There are far better used SUVs
Redesign/Freshening: 1987, 2014. available.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2016.
Drive Wheels: Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.

2010 - 2010 $5,000 - $6,600
Trouble Mitsubishi Mirage Trouble Mitsubishi Outlander
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $5,500 - $7,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,200 - $8,900
Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2013 - Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
0505
0 * 2013 $7,000 - $11,100
Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2014 $5,000 - $5,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
0505
0 * 2014 $8,300 - $13,300
2015 $5,700 - $6,200 2015 $10,500 - $15,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
0505
0 * 2016 $12,500 - $17,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2017 $8,200 - $9,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * *3
0505
0 * 2017 $14,200 - $18,400
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2018 $8,800 - $10,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *3
0505
0 * 2018 $16,000 - $26,700
Drive System
* * * * * * 2019 $10,400 - $12,500
Drive System
* * * * * *4
0501
0 * 2019 $17,400 - $31,800
Fuel System
* * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *3
0505
0 *
Electrical
Electrical
* * * * * *3
0505
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
0505
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * *5
0504
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * *5
0305
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0505
0 * 2012 Good 4/3 5/4
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * * *5
0503
0 * 2013 Good 4/3 5/4
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *4
0205
0 * 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2015 Good 4/4 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
0505
0 * 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * Power Equip.
* * * * * *5
0503
0 *
2017 Good 4/4 5/4 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2018 Good 4/4 5/4
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * *3
0204
0 * 2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * 2019 Good 4/4 5/4 Verdict * * * * * *3
0501
0 * 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

M 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport Nissan Altima
The Outlander Sport is a chopped version of the small Outlander The well-rounded 2007-13 Altima was a decent car: roomy,
SUV, with reduced rear-seat and cargo space. Despite the name comfortable riding, and fuel efficient. A 2010 freshening brought
this is not a fun car to drive. It handles less nimbly than the larger standard ESC, previously an option. As before, the four-cylinder
Outlander, and acceleration from the 148-hp, 2.0-liter engine is 2.5 S model performed well and averaged 26 mpg. The powerful
adequate at best. A choppy ride and a very noisy cabin further V6 got 24 mpg. A hybrid, dropped after 2011, got 32 mpg. The 2013
undermine the experience. Still, it retains the high seating position redesign saw the four-cylinder get even thriftier, returning 31 mpg
and some of the passenger-and-cargo versatility of its larger brand- overall; the V6 got 24 mpg. Handling is rather ordinary and the ride
mate. All-wheel drive comes only with the top-trim version, and feel superficially soft, but over sharp bumps the suspension loses its
those versions were often expensive enough to compete with far absorbency. Controls are easy to use, but the infotainment system is
better SUVs. A more powerful 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine arrived dated. The rear seat is fairly roomy.
for 2015.
Redesign/Freshening: 2011, 2015. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags standard. ESC available from 2007, standard from 2010.

2010 - 2010 $4,800 - $7,000
Trouble Mitsubishi Outlander Trouble Nissan Altima
Spots Sport 2011 $6,000 - $6,800 Spots 2011 $5,300 - $7,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,700 - $7,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,900 - $8,700
Engine, Major
* * * * *5
0505
0 * 2013 $7,200 - $9,500 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,200 - $9,200
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0505
0 * 2014 $8,600 - $10,800 Engine Minor 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $8,600 - $11,400
2015 $10,000 - $13,600 2015 $10,300 - $13,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0505
0 * 2016 $12,000 - $15,900
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,400 - $16,000
Trans. Major
* * * * *3
0505
0 * 2017 $12,900 - $17,300
Trans. Major 3
0504
0102
0404
0505
050
2017 $14,100 - $17,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * *3
0505
0 * 2018 $14,600 - $17,300
Trans. Minor 5
0504
0303
0404
0505
050 2018 $16,300 - $19,000
Drive System
* * * * *4
0501
0 * 2019 $16,300 - $20,600
Drive System 4
0504
0305
0504
0505
050 2019 $17,700 - $27,500
Fuel System
* * * * *3
0505
0 * Fuel System 4
0205
0405
0405
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * *3
0505
Electrical 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0505
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
0103
0203
0304
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *5
0504
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 2
0303
0403
0404
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
* * * * *5
0305
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 2
0304
0301
0105
0404
050 2011 Good 4/4 4/5
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0505
0 * 2012 Good 4/4 5/4
Exhaust 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 4/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0503
0 * 2013 Good 4/4 5/4 Paint/Trim 2
0303
0404
0405
0504
050 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *4
0205
0402
0103
0304
0304
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware
* * * * *5
0505
0504
0405
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 3/5
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 3/5
Power Equip.
* * * * *5
0503
0 * Power Equip. 3
0503
0303
0205
0501
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 3/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *3
0204
0 * 2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0404
0403
0304
0203
050
2018 Good 5/4 3/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * *3
0501
0 * 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0404
0303
0303
0503
050 2019 Good 5/4 4/5

N
Nissan Armada Nissan Cube
Based on the Titan pickup, the big Armada can seat up to eight. Unlike The Cube is a funky-looking runabout, tall and boxy with a
the Titan, it features an independent rear suspension, which improves cavernous interior. Whimsical interior details target the young but
the ride considerably. The smooth-revving (but noisy) 305-hp, 5.6-liter easy access makes it a viable option for buyers of any age who find
V8 engine coupled with a slick five-speed automatic makes the Armada it hard to climb in and out of more conventional cars. Acceleration
quick, but it returns just 13 mpg overall. Handling is relatively responsive, from the 122-hp, 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine is disappointingly
but the ride is quite stiff. The interior quality is unimpressive, but there’s slow. We measured 28 mpg with the continuously variable
lots of rear cargo space. Towing capacity is generous. The 2017 redesign transmission. A six-speed manual is also available. The Cube rides
uses a robust 390-hp, 5.6-liter V8. We got a paltry 14 mpg overall, fairly comfortably, but handling is rather clumsy and road noise is
however. The soft suspension absorbs bumps well, but the body jostles pronounced. Stopping distances are unimpressive, too. Overall, it
frequently. Handling is clumsy, with slow steering and pronounced body trails some other box-like competitors, such as the Scion xB and Kia
roll. The spacious cabin has a premium feel, but the controls are a bit Soul. The Cube was dropped after 2014.
dated and cluttered, and it’s a far reach to some buttons and knobs.
The Armada can tow a generous 8,500-pound load. Redesign/Freshening: 2009.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection air bags standard. Drive Wheels: Front.
Side air bags available, standard from 2010.

2010 $7,500 - $11,300 2010 $4,500 - $5,700
Trouble Nissan Armada Trouble Nissan Cube
Spots 2011 $8,900 - $13,100 Spots 2011 $4,800 - $6,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,500 - $16,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,300 - $6,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * 4
0 * * 2013 $11,900 - $17,700 Engine, Major
* * * * * 2013 $6,300 - $6,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * * 4
0 * * 2014 $14,200 - $19,900 Engine Minor
* * * * * 2014 $7,200 - $7,800
2015 $17,200 - $24,700 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2017 $25,300 - $35,200
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 4
0 * * 2018 $27,800 - $38,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * 4
0 * * 2019 $31,600 - $44,600
Drive System
* * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * 5
0 * * Fuel System
* * * * *
Electrical
* * * * * * 5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * 5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2010 NT 5/4 NT
Suspension
* * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 4
0 * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * 2015 - - -
2016 - - - 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 1
0 * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 5
0 * * 2018 NT 3/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * 3
0 * * 2019 NT 2/3 5/5 Verdict * * * * * 2019 - - -

N 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Nissan Frontier Nissan Juke
The Frontier is relatively quick and nimble, with a still-stiff though The funky-looking Juke is a quasi-SUV derived from the small Nissan
tolerable ride. The strong 4.0-liter V6 revs smoothly and feels like a Versa. It’s got the raised ride height and optional all-wheel drive
V8. We chalked up an unimpressive 15 mpg overall. Base models are of an SUV but the steeply raked rear quarter of a hatchback. Our
powered by a 2.5-liter four-cylinder. Transmissions include five- and testers all enjoyed driving it but the very tight rear seats and the
six-speed manuals and a five-speed automatic. All Frontiers of this trifling cargo space behind them limit its usefulness. Nimble handling
generation are either crew- or extended-cab but rear seat room is and punchy power from the 1.6-liter turbo four-cylinder make it
tight in both. An optional longer (six-foot) bed arrived for 2007, but fun and agile. Fuel economy of 24 mpg overall isn’t bad for an all-
the tailgate is quite heavy. There haven’t been any major changes to wheel-drive vehicle but the need for premium fuel is a downer. As in
the Frontier after that. some sporty hatchbacks, a noisy cabin and stiff ride come with the
territory. The Juke scored a Poor in the IIHS small-overlap crash test.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005. It was dropped after the 2017 model year.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC available, standard from 2010.
Side and head protection air bags available from 2005, standard Redesign/Freshening: 2011.
from 2010. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. standard.

2010 $7,100 - $14,100 2010 -
Trouble Nissan Frontier Trouble Nissan Juke
Spots 2011 $7,200 - $14,800 Spots 2011 $6,100 - $7,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,700 - $16,500 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,900 - $8,400
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $8,800 - $18,200 Engine, Major
* *5
0 * * * * 2013 $7,800 - $10,100
Engine Minor 5
0305
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2014 $10,500 - $19,500 Engine Minor
* *4
0 * * * * 2014 $8,800 - $12,800
2015 $12,000 - $21,500 2015 $10,500 - $14,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $13,500 - $23,200
Engine Cooling
* *5
0 * * * * 2016 $12,300 - $16,500
Trans. Major 5
0404
0505
0405
0505
0 * 2017 $14,800 - $24,500
Trans. Major
* *1
0 * * * * 2017 $14,000 - $17,800
Trans. Minor 5
0405
0505
0405
0505
0 * 2018 $14,700 - $25,700
Trans. Minor
* *1
0 * * * * 2018 -
Drive System 4
0203
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2019 $16,000 - $26,900
Drive System
* *5
0 * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System 2
0105
0305
0404
0304
0 * Fuel System
* *5
0 * * * *
Electrical 5
0404
0405
0505
0505
Electrical
* *3
Climate Syst. 5
0403
0304
0504
0305
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *4
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0405
0505
0504
0505
0 * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* *2
0 * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 3
0404
0504
0504
0505
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* *4
0 * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
0 * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 4/5
Paint/Trim 4
0402
0505
0505
0303
0 * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* *5
0 * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 4/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0403
0303
0404
0204
0 * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* *1
0 * * * * 2014 Good 4/3 4/5
Body Hardware 4
0504
0505
0505
0305
* *5
0 * * * * 2015 Good 4/3 4/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 4/3 4/5
Power Equip. 5
0405
0405
0405
0105
0 * Power Equip.
* *5
0 * * * *
2017 Good 3/2 5/5 2017 Good 4/3 NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0505
0404
0504
0504
0 * 2018 Good 3/2 NT
In-Car Electr.
* *5
0 * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0405
0405
0505
0303
0 * 2019 Good 3/2 5/5 Verdict * *3
0 * * * * 2019 - - -

N
Nissan Kicks Nissan Leaf ! Good Bet
Nissan has replaced the funky-looking Juke with the Kicks, an This five-seat, electric-powered car has a 75-mile typical range.
all-new entry in the growing subcompact crossover segment. The In our 2011 test a full charge took 6 hours using a 240-volt outlet
Kicks is more of a budget car designed to appeal to customers who or 16 hours using 120 volts. Since then, charge times have been
would normally buy a Nissan Sentra or Versa Note, but who are shortened through updates to the car. At low speeds the Leaf feels
attracted to the better versatility and styling of an SUV. Unlike many quick and it is quiet and rides comfortably. Cabin access is easy,
crossovers, the Kicks doesn’t offer all-wheel drive. The Kicks comes and the rear seat is fairly roomy. Running costs are extremely low.
with a modest 125-hp, 1.6-liter four-cylinder engine coupled to a CVT, Standard features include a heated steering wheel and seats.
producing leisurely acceleration but impressive fuel economy at 32 2013 brought a faster onboard charger and a cheaper S version.
mpg overall. Interior room is generous for the class, and the controls 2013-17 Leaf’s scored Poor in the IIHS small-overlap crash test. The
are easy to use. Handling is mundane, and the ride is rather choppy. second generation car had a 140-mile range in our tests. The Leaf
Automatic emergency braking and forward-collision warning come accelerates decisively but the ride is stiff and handling is mundane.
standard. The steering wheel doesn’t adjust for reach. Forward collision
warning with automatic emergency braking is standard.
air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Nissan Kicks Trouble Nissan Leaf
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $2,800 - $3,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $3,900 - $4,500
Engine, Major
* * 2013 - Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 $5,400 - $6,800
Engine Minor
* * 2014 - Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 $7,100 - $9,100
2015 - 2015 $8,400 - $10,800
Engine Cooling
* * 2016 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $9,100 - $12,700
Trans. Major
* * 2017 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2017 $12,500 - $15,200
Trans. Minor
* * 2018 $15,700 - $17,400
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2018 $17,700 - $20,500
Drive System
* * 2019 $17,000 - $18,300
Drive System 3
0105
0405
0405
0205
0 2019 $20,600 - $30,300
Fuel System
* * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
Electrical
* * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Electrical 5
0505
0105
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0504
0105
0501
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * 2010 - - -
Suspension 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2010 - - -
Brakes
* * 2011 - - -
Brakes 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
0 2013 Good 5/3 5/3
Noises & Leaks
* * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0505
0505
0505
0303
0 2014 Good 5/3 5/3
Body Hardware
* * 2015 - - - Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2015 Good 5/3 5/3
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/3 5/3
Power Equip.
* * Power Equip. 5
0505
0402
0505
0205
0
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/3 5/3
In-Car Electr.
* * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 4
0505
0503
0503
0204
0
2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * 2019 Good 5/4 5/4 Verdict 5
0505
0305
0505
0105
0 2019 Good NT NT

N 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Nissan Maxima Nissan Murano
This long-running sedan was redesigned for 2009. It has a composed The Murano’s 2009 redesign brought a more comfortable ride, a
ride, quite cabin, and a slick powertrain that makes it very quick. nicer interior, and standard ESC. Its refined and powerful 3.5-liter
Controls are simple and the front seats are comfortable. However, V6 is mated to a CVT and delivers strong performance. Expect 19
the steering is oddly weighted, the low roof inhibits visibility, and mpg overall. The front seats are fairly comfortable and the interior is
rear-seat room is unimpressive. In 2016 the Maxima was again stylishly dressed. Although access is easy and the seating is roomy,
redesigned, and the highlight is its 3.5-liter V6. The continuously cargo space is limited. A total redesign for 2015 gave the Murano
variable transmission works well for loafing around, but it saps any a quiet, well-finished cabin. Handling isn’t very sporty, but the ride
aspirations of sporty driving. Handling is mundane, and the ride is is steady and absorbent on the 18-inch wheels. The 3.5-liter six-
too stiff. The interior is plush and has easy-to-use controls and a cylinder paired and CVT deliver power promptly and effortlessly,
fairly straightforward infotainment system. A low roofline inhibits and we got 21 mpg overall. The rear seat is roomy, and access is
access and visibility. The front seats are very comfortable but the easy. Rear and side visibility are hindered, however. Handling is not
rear cabin is rather cramped. very sporty, with overly light steering that reduces driver confidence.
Forward collision warning with automatic emergency braking is
ESC available, standard from 2009. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2015.
Drive Wheels: Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags, and ESC
standard.

2010 $6,600 - $6,800 2010 $5,800 - $8,300
Trouble Nissan Maxima Trouble Nissan Murano
Spots 2011 $7,200 - $7,600 Spots 2011 $7,000 - $9,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,000 - $8,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,100 - $10,900
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
0 * 2013 $8,800 - $9,700 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,500 - $12,400
Engine Minor 4
0503
0505
0 5
0505
0 * 2014 $10,400 - $11,800 Engine Minor 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $10,100 - $13,500
2015 - 2015 $14,200 - $18,800
Engine Cooling 5
0405
0505
0 5
0505
0 * 2016 $17,200 - $19,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,300 - $21,700
Trans. Major 2
0501
0104
0 4
0505
0 * 2017 $18,100 - $22,900
Trans. Major 1
0204
0304
0205
0505
050
2017 $17,700 - $24,200
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0305
0 4
0505
0 * 2018 $19,500 - $26,800
Trans. Minor 1
0304
0504
0304
0405
050 2018 $19,700 - $27,500
Drive System 4
0501
0504
0 5
0505
0 * 2019 $22,400 - $30,700
Drive System 2
0104
0505
0404
0504
050 2019 $22,700 - $31,100
Fuel System 3
0405
0405
0 3
0505
0 * Fuel System 4
0405
0505
0504
0505
050
Electrical 5
0405
0505
0 5
0505
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0501
0305
0 4
0505
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
0103
0504
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
0401
0205
0 5
0505
0 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 2
0402
0502
0505
0405
050
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes 4
0402
0504
0 3
0305
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 4
0405
0402
0202
0405
050 2011 Good 4/3 5/4
Exhaust 4
0503
0505
0 5
0505
0 * 2012 Good 4/2 3/5
Exhaust 2
0104
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/4
Paint/Trim 4
0404
0104
0 5
0102
0 * 2013 Good 4/2 3/5 Paint/Trim 5
0205
0504
0404
0405
030 2013 Good 4/3 5/4
Noises & Leaks 5
0403
0203
0 2
0203
0203
0302
0303
0104
050 2014 Good 4/3 5/4
Body Hardware 5
0505
0204
0 5
0501
0205
0403
0403
0405
050 2015 Good 5/3 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0305
0405
0 4
0402
0 * Power Equip. 4
0304
0504
0303
0405
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0304
0304
0 5
0505
0 * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0304
0404
0304
0302
050
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0503
0305
0 4
0402
0304
0504
0303
0304
040 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

N
Nissan Pathfinder Nissan Quest
The 2005-12 Pathfinder was a truck through and through. It had The roomy and comfortable Quest received a 2007 freshening,
an available third-row seat, a muscular if thirsty 4.0-liter V6, and which improved the formerly confusing dashboard layout. 2009 was
a tough-truck demeanor. The ride was too stiff, though, and the the last model year for that generation but an all-new Quest arrived
third-row seat was suitable only for kids. For 2013 a new Pathfinder for 2011. It’s exceptionally spacious, a luxurious vehicle with a quiet,
arrived, built on a car-based chassis. It lost its off-road readiness plush interior and smooth, compliant ride. Handling is sound but not
but gained a better ride and a roomier interior. Power comes from sporty. Both rear rows fold flat to form a flush load floor. However,
Nissan’s ubiquitous, good-performing 3.5-liter V6 driving through it only has seating for seven at the most, not eight like many
a CVT. This SUV can tow 5,000 pounds and has a second row that competitors. A covered bay behind the third-row seat can hide bags
can move forward even with a child seat installed, allowing access and cargo, a small but clever feature. A blind-spot detection system
to the small third-row seat. Mushy handling and so-so fuel economy was optional. The Quest was ended after 2017.
are shortcomings. Updates for 2015 included optional blind spot
warning, while 2017 brought a new 3.5-liter V6 engine, revised Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2011.
suspension system, and more advanced safety features. Safety Equipment: ABS and head protection air bags standard. ESC
and side air bags available, standard starting from 2011.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2013. Drive Wheels: Front.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags standard.
Head protection air bags available, standard from 2009.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Front; Rear.

2010 $6,300 - $9,700 2010 -
Trouble Nissan Pathfinder Trouble Nissan Quest
Spots 2011 $7,200 - $11,300 Spots 2011 $5,500 - $9,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,400 - $13,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,600 - $10,500
Engine, Major
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2013 $9,700 - $13,900 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2013 $7,800 - $13,000
Engine Minor
* * *5
0504
0404
050 * 2014 $10,900 - $15,800 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2014 $9,200 - $15,700
2015 $12,800 - $18,000 2015 $11,000 - $17,800
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0501
0404
050 * 2016 $14,900 - $21,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2016 $13,300 - $20,000
Trans. Major
* * *1
0101
0305
050 * 2017 $17,400 - $26,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2017 $15,700 - $22,700
Trans. Minor
* * *1
0102
0505
040 * 2018 $19,300 - $29,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * *2
0203
0505
050 * 2019 $21,600 - $32,200
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * *5
0304
0405
050 * Fuel System
* * * * * * *
Electrical
* * *5
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * *1
0102
0403
040 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * *2
0103
0305
050 * 2010 Good 4/4 NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * *1
0105
0205
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * *2
0505
0505
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * *1
0104
0103
030 * 2013 Good 5/3 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * *2
0101
0104
* * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * *1
0104
0305
* * * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 4/5 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * *1
0302
0305
050 * Power Equip.
* * * * * * *
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * *1
0405
0403
050 * 2018 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * *1
0101
0103
040 * 2019 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * 2019 - - -

N 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Nissan Rogue Nissan Rogue Sport ! Good Bet
The first-generation Nissan Rogue ran from 2008 through 2013. Measuring a foot shorter than the familiar Rogue, the new Rogue
While it was a handy compact size, the cargo area was pretty puny Sport gives Nissan a smaller SUV to bridge the gap between the
and styling impeded the view aft. The 170-hp, 2.5-liter, four-cylinder Juke and Rogue. All trims use the same pleasant, though not
engine sounded a bit raspy at high revs, but averaged a respectable overly-powerful, 141-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine mated to
22 mpg. The ride is supple and handling fairly nimble. The 2014 a continuously variable transmission, which returned 26 mpg in
redesign made the Rogue bigger and better: quiet and refined and our testing. The Sport handles responsively and rides in a civilized
with a better ride than most other small SUVs. The CVT transmission manner, with cabin noise kept to reasonable levels. Connectivity
became less intrusive by mimicking shifts and the SUV got 24 mpg features include the available NissanConnect navigation/app
overall in our testing. Controls are very easy to use and access is a system with a 7.0-inch color touch screen and Siri Eyes Free. Plus,
breeze. A clever surround-view system was also available. Updates the Sport offers a 360-degree view camera, which is helpful for
for 2016 included available automatic emergency braking and negotiating tight parking spaces. Versions built in mid-2018 model
forward collision warning. More advanced safety features were new year included standard automatic emergency braking and forward
for 2017. collision warning. These systems were only optional on earlier Sports.

standard. standard.

2010 $5,300 - $6,200 2010 -
Trouble Nissan Rogue Trouble Nissan Rogue Sport
Spots 2011 $5,900 - $7,000 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,600 - $8,200 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,500 - $9,400 Engine, Major 5
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Minor 3
0203
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $10,300 - $12,900 Engine Minor 5
0505
0 2014 -

5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0
2016 $12,800 - $16,600 2016 -
Trans. Major 3
0101
0403
0404
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0
2017 $14,400 - $21,200 2017 $14,900 - $18,800
Trans. Minor 2
0402
0204
0405
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0
2018 $16,500 - $23,400 2018 $16,000 - $20,700
Drive System 1
0201
0405
0505
0505
050 Drive System 5
0505
0
2019 $18,000 - $25,500 2019 $17,100 - $22,200
Fuel System 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0
Climate Syst. 1
0203
0301
0302
0305
Climate Syst. 1
0505
Suspension 1
0303
0405
0505
0505
050 Suspension 5
0505
0
2010 Good 4/4 5/5 2010 - - -
Brakes 4
0203
0304
0405
0505
050 Brakes 5
0505
0
2011 Good 4/3 5/4 2011 - - -
Exhaust 1
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0
2012 Good 4/3 5/4 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0304
0403
0304
0405
050 Paint/Trim 5
0305
0
2013 Good 4/3 5/4 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 2
0101
0101
0103
0304
0305
0 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 4
0504
0403
0405
0505
0505
0 2015 - - -
Power Equip. 3
0403
0504
0304
0504
040
0505
0
2016 - - -
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good NT NT
5
0303
0503
0305
0401
040 5
0403
0
Used-Car
2018 NT 5/2 5/5
Verdict 2
0302
0403
0303
0404
030 2019 Good 4/3 5/5 Verdict 4
0505
0 2019 NT 5/2 5/5

N
Nissan Sentra Nissan Titan
The Sentra was redesigned in 2007, which included a roomy rear Nissan’s full-sized pickup has a large cabin, is relatively agile, has
seat, a civilized and quiet ride, and easy cabin access. Handling a fairly comfortable ride, and a very smooth transmission. A 2008
is sound with ESC, but without it the Sentra can fishtail too easily. freshening included styling updates and a long-bed version. Still,
Despite a rich list of readily available features such as iPod control, interior fit and finish is lackluster and neither a standard cab nor
the Sentra has simple controls. A redesign for 2013 diminished different engines are available. The crew cab’s payload capacity was
steering feel, and left the ride below par. Equipment levels are meager in our tested version; it was raised in later models. The V8
good but the interior feels cheap and the engine is a bit noisy. Fuel provides strong acceleration, but the engine and exhaust noise can
economy with the CVT rose to a respectable 29 mpg overall. A become tiresome. The 2017 redesign brought a smooth and punchy
freshening for 2016 brought a tweaked suspension, slightly reworked gas 5.6-liter V8 mated to a responsive seven-speed automatic. A V6
CVT, and other modest enhancements in an attempt to reduce was also available. The roomy cabin has a variety of handy storage
noise. Updates for 2018 included standard automatic emergency places, and a suite of safety and driver-assistance features were
braking and forward collision warning on automatic transmission- offered. When properly equipped, the Titan tows 9,730 pounds.
equipped models, and optional blind spot warning.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2013. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC, side and head protection air
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. bags available, standard from 2010.
ESC available in 2010, standard from 2011. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2010 $4,700 - $5,500 2010 $8,300 - $14,800
Trouble Nissan Sentra Trouble Nissan Titan
Spots 2011 $4,900 - $6,200 Spots 2011 $9,600 - $16,000
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,100 - $6,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,300 - $17,700
Engine, Major
*3
0405
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2013 $5,100 - $6,300 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 3
050 * 2013 $11,300 - $19,000
Engine Minor
*3
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2014 $6,500 - $7,900 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 3
050 * 2014 $13,400 - $21,500
2015 $8,100 - $9,700 2015 $16,300 - $24,000
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2016 $10,500 - $12,800
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 5
050 * 2016 -
Trans. Major
*5
0301
0105
0 *4
0 * * 2017 $11,700 - $16,200
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 5
050 * 2017 $16,500 - $32,900
Trans. Minor
*5
0501
0301
0 *5
0 * * 2018 $12,200 - $17,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 4
050 * 2018 $19,600 - $36,400
Drive System
*4
0504
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2019 $13,400 - $18,800
Drive System
* * * * * * 5
040 * 2019 $21,500 - $40,500
Fuel System
*5
0503
0505
0 *5
0 * * Fuel System
* * * * * * 5
050 *
Electrical
*5
0504
0505
0 *5
Electrical
* * * * * * 5
Climate Syst.
*3
0101
0305
0 *5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * 1
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*3
0204
0503
0 *3
0 * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension
* * * * * * 5
040 * 2010 Good 5/4 NT
Brakes
*2
0301
0304
0 *1
0 * * 2011 Good 4/3 5/2
Brakes
* * * * * * 5
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*1
0203
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2012 Good 4/3 5/2
Exhaust
* * * * * * 5
020 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*4
0505
0403
0 *2
0 * * 2013 Good 4/3 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 1
040 * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*2
0305
0304
0 *2
* * * * * * 2
050 * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
*4
0505
0503
0 *5
* * * * * * 3
040 * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
*5
0501
0405
0 *3
0 * * Power Equip.
* * * * * * 1
040 *
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*1
0504
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 3
050 * 2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *4
0301
0303
0 *3
0 * * 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * 1
020 * 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

N 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Nissan Versa Nissan Versa Hatchback, Note
Nissan’s subcompact Versa packs an impressively roomy rear The Versa Note is a fuel-efficient runabout that’s extremely easy to
seat and its tall roofline allows easy access. The four-cylinder park and get in an out of. It has an amazing amount of room and
engine needs to be revved high to deliver power. We found the ride versatility for a subcompact car. The Note also has a comfortable
relatively comfortable and quiet, but handling wasn’t a strong suit. ride and secure handling, much better than the sedan. Acceleration
Antilock brakes were rare in early models. The 2012 redesign was feels spunky off the line, but flattens out quickly. Its 31 mpg overall
a disappointment, with a noisy and blatantly cheap interior and a fuel economy is competitive. Interior furnishings are very plain and
so-so ride. While the previous model was our top-rated subcompact the controls are easy to use. But the driving position is awkward. The
sedan, the changes made to this version dropped it to the bottom continuously variable transmission can magnify coarse engine noise
of the category. Fuel economy is 32 mpg overall, but the car is slow, when accelerating. 2019 is the Note’s final year.
noisy and handles clumsily. Even considering its low sticker price, the
car feels low-rent. This edition also scored a poor in the IIHS small- Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014.
overlap crash test. Safety Equipment: Side and head protection air bags standard. ABS
available, standard from 2010. ESC available from 2010, standard
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2012. from 2012.
Safety Equipment: Side and head protection air bags standard. ABS Drive Wheels: Front.
available, standard from 2010. ESC available from 2010, standard
from 2012.

2010 $3,600 - $4,500 2010 $4,000 - $4,500
Trouble Nissan Versa Trouble Nissan Versa Hatchback,
Spots 2011 $3,800 - $4,900 Spots Note 2011 $4,500 - $5,000
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,400 - $5,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,700 - $5,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $4,600 - $5,400 Engine, Major
* * * *5
0505
0 * * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $4,800 - $5,900 Engine Minor
* * * *3
0505
0 * * * 2014 $5,000 - $6,600
2015 $5,900 - $7,500 2015 $6,400 - $8,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $7,800 - $9,300
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
0505
0 * * * 2016 $8,400 - $10,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $10,100 - $11,800
Trans. Major
* * * *1
0304
0 * * * 2017 $10,900 - $12,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $11,100 - $13,000
Trans. Minor
* * * *1
0501
0 * * * 2018 $12,600 - $14,500
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $12,900 - $14,700
Drive System
* * * 1
0505
0 * * * 2019 $14,300 - $16,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * *1
0505
0 * * *
Electrical
Electrical
* * * *5
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * *3
0405
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 4/4
Suspension
* * * *1
0301
0 * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Good 3/2 2/2
Brakes
* * * *1
0405
0 * * * 2011 Good 3/2 2/2
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 3/4
Exhaust
* * * *1
0305
0 * * * 2012 Good 3/2 NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 3/4 Paint/Trim
* * * *5
0505
0 * * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good 4/3 3/4 Noises & Leaks
* * * *1
0405
0 * * * 2014 NT 3/2 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 Good 4/3 3/4 Body Hardware
* * * *5
0505
0 * * * 2015 Good 3/2 5/5
2016 Good 4/3 4/4 2016 Good 4/2 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * Power Equip.
* * * *5
0505
0 * * *
2017 Good 4/3 NT 2017 Good 4/2 NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 Good 4/3 4/4
In-Car Electr.
* * * 4
0504
0 * * 2018 Good 4/2 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 Good 4/3 4/4 Verdict * * * * 1
0404
0 * * * 2019 Good 4/2 5/5

N
Nissan Xterra Nissan Z
The Nissan Xterra is based on Nissan’s Frontier pickup, and was The 350Z’s strong, smooth V6 makes the coupe very quick and
made to be a rugged, basic, truck-like SUV that served as a less- fuel economy is respectable. Handling is good but not as agile
expensive alternative to the Pathfinder. It boasted a large cargo as some. The six-speed manual has a notchy shifter. The coupe
area but a fairly skimpy load capacity. Highs include good off- was redesigned for 2009, with the engine moving to 3.7 liters. The
roading and towing ability. But the ride, handling, braking, and fuel convertible followed a year later. Handling is very agile now but
economy are subpar. A 2005 redesign was larger in all dimensions the ride is still stiff and choppy, and the car just isn’t as engaging to
and more civilized while retaining the off-road capability. The strong drive as one would expect. Road and tire noise is constant, making
4.0-liter V6 engine delivers quick acceleration, but overall mileage is for a tiring driving experience. Updates for 2015 included revised
just 17 mpg. The four-wheel-drive system is still part-time only. 2015 suspension tuning. The well-finished interior is cramped, and visibility
was the Xterra’s final year. is lousy. The radio and climate controls are very low, and their labels
are small. A higher-performance NISMO version is also available. A
Redesign/Freshening: 2005. noise cancellation/enhancement system helps to quiet some of the
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection interior racket.
air bags standard from 2009.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. Redesign/Freshening: 2009.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC, side and head protection air
bags available, standard from 2010.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 $6,800 - $8,500 2010 $11,800 - $14,600
Trouble Nissan Xterra Trouble Nissan Z
Spots 2011 $7,900 - $11,300 Spots 2011 $12,900 - $16,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,400 - $13,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $14,000 - $18,500
Engine, Major
* * * * *5
0 2013 $11,100 - $15,600 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $15,800 - $20,000
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0 2014 $12,900 - $17,700 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $16,800 - $21,000
2015 $15,700 - $22,300 2015 $17,900 - $23,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0
2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $19,000 - $26,900
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0
2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $20,900 - $30,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $23,200 - $33,600
Drive System
* * * * *2
0 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $29,000 - $32,800
Fuel System
* * * * *5
0 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *5
0
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * *5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * *1
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *2
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * *4
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
2016 - - - 2016 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * *5
0
2017 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *1
0
2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * *4
0 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

P 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Porsche 911 Porsche Boxster, 718 Boxster
The 911 has long been considered one of the world’s most desirable This sporty mid-engine roadster has fun, agile handling, excellent
sports cars. We tested a 2005 911 Carrera S and found it a gas to brakes, and precise steering. The ride is firm and well controlled, yet
drive, with pinpoint steering and rock-solid body control. Handling is not punishing. The two fore-and-aft trunks add some practicality.
extremely precise and agile, and the ride is relatively supple. Braking The power top is easy to operate and works at up to 30 mph. 2007
is phenomenal. Rear seats, a reasonably-sized front trunk, and good brought styling updates and power upgrades, as well as six-speed
visibility are added bonuses in a sports car. In later years Porsche gearboxes. In 2009 the Boxsters gained a seven-speed sequential
bumped the power a bit and added a seven-speed automated transmission. An all-new Boxster arrived for 2013 with a longer
manual transmission in 2011. The 2013 redesign brought more wheelbase and a wider track. Handling is excellent even with the
power and improved fuel economy through the new seven-speed electric steering, and the ride is not punishing. Interior quality and
automated manual and manual transmissions. The automatic gives refinement were improved. For 2017, Porsche’s redesigned Boxster
nothing up in performance. The car is still super quick and agile, yet roadster was named 718 Boxster. It came with turbocharged 2.0-
also more civilized than ever. and 2.5-liter four-cylinder engines, replacing the previous Sixes, but
retained the impressive grip and balance.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 $24,900 - $59,900 2010 $15,000 - $19,700
Trouble Porsche 911 Trouble Porsche Boxster, 718
Spots 2011 $29,000 - $73,700 Spots Boxster 2011 $17,400 - $22,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $33,000 - $77,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $19,400 - $25,400
Engine, Major
* * * * * * *3
050 * 2013 $38,200 - $85,500 Engine, Major
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2013 $23,200 - $30,000
Engine Minor
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2014 $44,700 - $100,000 Engine Minor
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2014 $27,300 - $35,600
2015 $52,400 - $116,300 2015 $31,700 - $50,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * *3
050 * 2016 $61,400 - $132,900
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2016 $37,200 - $63,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2017 $72,500 - $155,800
Trans. Major
* * *5
0303
0 *5
0 * * 2017 $44,700 - $54,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2018 $85,100 - $171,300
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0503
0 *5
0 * * 2018 $53,200 - $64,600
Drive System
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2019 $99,600 - $190,700
Drive System
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2019 $61,800 - $89,100
Fuel System
* * * * * * *3
050 * Fuel System
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * *
Electrical
* * * * * * *3
Electrical
* * *5
0505
0 *5
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * *5
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * *1
0305
0 *5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * *5
0503
0 *5
0 * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim
* * *5
0305
0 *5
0 * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * *3
050 * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * *5
0505
0 *1
0 * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * *5
* * *4
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * *5
0504
0 *5
0 * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * *4
050 * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * *5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * *505040 *2
050 * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * *5
0504
0 *4
0 * * 2019 NT NT NT

P
Porsche Cayenne Porsche Cayman, 718 Cayman
Porsche’s luxury, midsized SUV offers V6 and V8 engines. Low- The Cayman is essentially a Boxster with a fixed roof. Power comes
range gearing and advanced electronics promise some off-road from a mid-mounted, 2.7-liter, flat-six engine. The Cayman S is the
capability. The S and Turbo models are very fast; the Turbo S has higher-performance version, placing it between the Boxster and
even more power. Some controls are overly complicated. Modest 911 in terms of price and performance. The fixed-roof coupe seats
styling changes arrived for 2008. The ride is controlled, but very two passengers and uses a hatchback design that allows for more
stiff. A comprehensive 2011 redesign made the Cayenne one of the rear storage than the Boxster. Like the Boxster, the Cayman also
sportiest, most agile SUVs on the market. Available in V6, V8, turbo has a front trunk. An all-new Cayman arrived for 2014 with a longer
V8, and hybrid versions, all have a slick eight-speed automatic wheelbase and a wider track. Both the base and S are offered
transmission. Diesel and hybrid versions were also available. The with a manual or automated-manual transmissions. Handling is
ride is a bit stiff at low speeds but steady and controlled as you pick excellent and the ride is not punishing. For 2017 it was renamed as
up the pace. The cabin is well finished but many controls are overly the 718 Cayman and came with 2.0- and 2.5-liter turbocharged four-
complicated. cylinder engines, replacing the previous six-cylinder mills.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2011, 2019. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2014, 2017.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 $10,600 - $20,300 2010 $15,500 - $20,700
Trouble Porsche Cayenne Trouble Porsche Cayman, 718
Spots 2011 $15,300 - $21,700 Spots Cayman 2011 $18,600 - $25,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $17,400 - $24,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $21,500 - $29,900
Engine, Major
* * * *5
0 *5
030 *5
0 2013 $18,200 - $28,400 Engine, Major
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2013 -
Engine Minor
* * * *5
0 *4
050 *4
0 2014 $21,900 - $42,600 Engine Minor
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2014 $26,700 - $36,300
2015 $28,100 - $44,800 2015 $31,600 - $53,700
Engine Cooling
* * * *4
0 *5
030 *5
0
2016 $31,500 - $71,200
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2016 $37,200 - $63,700
Trans. Major
* * * *2
0 *3
020 *5
0
2017 $39,500 - $98,800
Trans. Major
* * * *3
030 *5
0 * * 2017 $43,500 - $55,500
Trans. Minor
* * * *1
0 *3
040 *5
0 2018 $45,900 - $120,900
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
030 *5
0 * * 2018 $51,000 - $63,500
Drive System
* * * *1
0 *1
050 *5
0 2019 $56,300 - $120,500
Drive System
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2019 $59,900 - $87,100
Fuel System
* * * *1
0 *4
040 *5
0 Fuel System
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * *
Electrical
* * * *5
0 *5
050 *5
Electrical
* * * *5
050 *5
Climate Syst.
* * * *1
0 *5
040 *5
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * *3
050 *5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * *5
0 *5
050 *5
0
2010 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * *3
0 *4
050 *5
0 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *5
0 *5
050 *5
0 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *5
030 *5
0 * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * *4
0 *5
030 *5
* * * *3
050 *5
0 * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * *4
0 *3
020 *5
* * * *5
050 *1
0 * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * *5
0 *4
050 *5
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * *3
0 *4
020 *5
0
2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * *5
040 *5
0 * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * *4
0 *5
030 *1
0
2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * *1
0 *1
010 *5
0 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * *5
040 *4
0 * * 2019 NT NT NT

P 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Porsche Macan Porsche Panamera
Porsche’s compact luxury SUV combines much of the performance Porsche’s four-door luxury car is large and low-slung, with a coupe
and feel of its sports cars with the functional package of a small silhouette and a hatchback body. Handling is agile, with excellent
SUV. Two engines are offered; a 3.0-liter V6 turbo in the S and a steering and a supple ride. Normally aspirated and turbocharged
3.6-liter V6 turbo in the uplevel Turbo version. Though based on the V8s are offered, along with a V6. All use a quick-shifting seven-
Audi Q5, the power and handling are true Porsche, as are the seats, speed automated manual that isn’t as smooth at low speeds as a
controls, fit and finish, and attention to detail. Handling agility, taut regular automatic. Our tested S model, with a 400-hp, 4.8-liter V8,
body control, and a firm brake pedal make it fun to drive. The firm returned strong performance and 20 mpg overall. Four adults fit in
ride is steady and controlled. The cabin is quite snug, and the center the snug but beautifully finished interior. Complicated and button-
dashboard is a dizzying array of buttons that can be confusing at laden controls, tight access, and impaired visibility are demerits. A
first. While the Macan isn’t meant for utilitarian tasks, it possesses hybrid and a long-wheelbase Executive version arrived for 2014. The
impressively high towing and payload capacities. Panamera was redesigned 2017 with new turbo engines and a high-
tech, touch-activated control layout that features a new electronic
Redesign/Freshening: 2015. gear selector.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.

2010 - 2010 $19,500 - $25,000
Trouble Porsche Macan Trouble Porsche Panamera
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $18,900 - $28,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $20,800 - $45,500
Engine, Major 5
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $24,400 - $54,800
Engine Minor 5
0304
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $29,800 - $70,500
2015 $28,800 - $38,600 2015 $34,700 - $83,000
Engine Cooling 4
0505
050 * 2016 $33,900 - $45,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $44,300 - $99,900
Trans. Major 4
0405
050 * 2017 $32,900 - $54,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $56,800 - $109,800
Trans. Minor 4
0405
050 * 2018 $39,400 - $70,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $71,200 - $149,800
Drive System 3
0405
050 * 2019 $46,300 - $57,500
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $84,800 - $177,800
Fuel System 5
0505
050 * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 4
0505
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
050 * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
0505
030 * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 1
0505
050 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0205
050 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
0103
050 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0305
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 5
0105
050 * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0204
050 * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0205
040 * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT

S
Scion FR-S, Toyota 86 Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA
Jointly developed with the Subaru BRZ, the rear-wheel-drive FR-S Scion’s first four-door sedan was actually built by Mazda. It was
features a 200-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder teamed with a choice of based on the Mazda2 (not sold in the U.S.) and is powered by a 106-
a six-speed manual or six-speed automatic transmission. Its mere hp, 1.5-liter four-cylinder hooked up to either a six-speed manual or
2,800-pound curb weight and optimal weight distribution give it automatic. In our testing we got 35 mpg overall with the automatic.
super-agile handling and balance at its limits. In corners the car The iA proves to be quite pleasant for a subcompact with nimble
turns in promptly with virtually no body lean. The steering is well handling and semi-decent interior decor. It also comes with a
weighted, with decent feedback. The FR-S has a slightly more standard low-speed pre-collision system that uses a laser sensor
compliant ride than the BRZ. Inside, the cabin is relatively plain, with to help the driver avoid collisions. A backup camera is standard.
well-bolstered front sport seats, but the stiff ride and elevated noise Inside, the iA gets steering-wheel controls for the audio, a 7-inch
can be taxing, and the vestigial rear seats are best left for cargo. The center screen display controlled via a central knob, just like in current
Scion brand was discontinued for the 2017 model year, and the FR-S Mazda models. A navigation system was a dealer-installed option.
was renamed as the Toyota 86. The Scion brand was discontinued for the 2017 model year, with the
iA renamed the Toyota Yaris iA.
Drive Wheels: Rear. standard.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Scion FR-S, Toyota 86 Trouble Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2013 $10,800 - $12,000 Engine, Major
*5
0 * * 2013 -
Engine Minor 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2014 $13,400 - $14,900 Engine Minor
*5
0 * * 2014 -
2015 $15,400 - $16,700 2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2016 $17,600 - $18,700
Engine Cooling
*5
0 * * 2016 $11,400 - $11,400
Trans. Major 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2017 $19,600 - $21,100
Trans. Major
*5
0 * * 2017 $12,400 - $12,400
Trans. Minor 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2018 $21,000 - $23,600
Trans. Minor
*5
0 * * 2018 $13,100 - $14,000
Drive System 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2019 $22,600 - $26,800
Drive System
* *4
0 * * 2019 -
Fuel System 5
0 * * *5
0 * * Fuel System
*5
0 * *
Electrical 5
0 * * *4
Electrical
*5
Climate Syst. 4
0 * * *4
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*5
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2010 - - -
Suspension
*5
0 * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2011 - - -
Brakes
*5
0 * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
*5
0 * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0 * * *4
0 * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
*5
0 * * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0 * * *5
*5
0 * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware 5
0 * * *5
*5
0 * * 2015 - - -
2016 Good 4/4 3/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 4
0 * * *4
0 * * Power Equip.
*4
0 * *
2017 Good 4/4 NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2018 Good 4/4 NT
In-Car Electr.
*5
0 * * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2019 Good 4/4 NT Verdict *5
0 * * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

S 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Scion iM, Toyota Corolla iM Scion tC
The iM hatchback is essentially a better-handling Corolla hatchback, The tC is a small sporty coupe that offers a lot of features for
and is highlighted by its angular styling and sub-$20,000 starting the money, such as a dual-panel sunroof. Before 2011 the tC was
price. Sized like a Mazda3, the iM gets a 137-hp, 1.8-liter four-cylinder powered by a spirited 160-hp, 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine, with the
engine hooked up to either a six-speed manual or a CVT. We choice of a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic. Handling
got 31 mpg overall with the CVT in our testing. The iM possesses is fairly nimble but not exactly sporty. The ride is pleasant. The rear
rewarding handling, a civilized ride, and a decent level of standard seat is relatively spacious for a small coupe, and its seatbacks can
equipment, including automatic climate control and audio controls recline for passenger comfort. Expect very good fuel economy. 2011’s
on the steering wheel. But acceleration is short on zip, and neither redesign brought a power boost to 180-hp, and a choice of a six-
the ride nor the rear seat is as comfortable as the Corolla’s. speed automatic or manual transmissions, but the noisy cabin and
Unfortunately, a sunroof is not available. Standard safety equipment jittery ride remained. Updates for 2014 included some styling tweaks,
includes a backup camera and eight airbags. The Scion brand was new suspension and steering calibrations, and a six-speed automatic
discontinued for the 2017 model year. The iM was renamed as the transmission. 2016 was the tC’s last year.
Toyota Corolla iM.
Redesign/Freshening: 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags available, standard from 2008. ESC unavailable 2005-2010, standard
standard. from 2011.

2010 - 2010 $5,400 - $5,500
Trouble Scion iM, Toyota Corolla Trouble Scion tC
Spots iM 2011 - Spots 2011 $6,200 - $6,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,000 - $7,500
Engine, Major
*5
* * * * * * * 2013 $7,900 - $8,500
Engine Minor
*5
* * * * * * * 2014 $9,300 - $10,500
2015 - 2015 $11,500 - $12,400
Engine Cooling
*5
0 * 2016 $12,200 - $12,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2016 $13,000 - $14,100
Trans. Major
*5
0 * 2017 $14,100 - $14,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
*4
0 * 2018 $15,100 - $16,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
*5
0 * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
*5
0 * Fuel System
* * * * * * *
Electrical
*5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
*5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2010 Accept. 5/4 5/5
Brakes
*3
0 * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
*5
0 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
*5
0 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*2
0 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware
*4
0 * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
*3
0 * 2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
*2
0 * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *4
0 * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * * * 2019 - - -

S
Scion xB Scion xD
The cube-like xB has very good space efficiency and a roomy The xD is a boxier version of the Toyota Yaris. The ride suffers from
interior. The low floor and high roof make access almost as easy as short, jumpy motions, and it feels jittery on the highway. The 1.8-liter,
walking into the next room. Handling is fairly nimble. Good visibility four-cylinder engine delivers adequate performance but is miserly
and compact dimensions make the xB a great city car. On a long with fuel. We averaged 29 mpg overall with the automatic and
drive, though, its choppy ride and high levels of wind noise can 34 with the manual. The cabin is noisy and the driving position is
make it fatiguing. In our testing the manual transmission xB got 30 awkward. Some taller drivers found the seat cushion too short. The
mpg. Electronic stability control was available, impressive for such front seats are comfortable enough for people who fit them. The
an inexpensive car. The xB grew longer and wider with the 2008 rear has plenty of room for such a small car and cabin access is
redesign. The 2.4-liter engine delivers better performance, but worse easy. The xD came with a lot of standard features. 2014 was its last
fuel economy: only 23 mpg with the automatic. The revised styling year.
hurt rear visibility, too. Later models offered a rearview camera. 2015
was the xB’s last year. Redesign/Freshening: 2008.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008. ESC available, standard from 2010.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Drive Wheels: Front.
air bags standard.

2010 $5,900 - $6,100 2010 $5,600 - $5,600
Trouble Scion xB Trouble Scion xD
Spots 2011 $6,600 - $6,700 Spots 2011 $6,100 - $6,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,400 - $7,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,700 - $6,800
Engine, Major
* *4
0 * *5
0 2013 $8,500 - $8,700 Engine, Major
* * * * * 2013 $7,400 - $7,700
Engine Minor
* *5
0 * *5
0 2014 $9,700 - $10,000 Engine Minor
* * * * * 2014 $8,100 - $8,100
2015 $11,400 - $11,700 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* *5
0 * *5
0
2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* *3
0 * *5
0
2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* *3
0 * *5
0 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* *5
0 * *5
0 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* *5
0 * *5
0 Fuel System
* * * * *
Electrical
* *5
0 * *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* *4
0 * *5
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *5
0 * *5
0
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * 2010 Accept. 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* *1
0 * *4
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * 2011 Accept. NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
0 * *5
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* *4
0 * *5
* * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* *4
0 * *5
* * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* *5
0 * *5
* * * * * 2015 - - -
2016 - - - 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* *5
0 * *5
0
2017 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* *4
0 * *5
0
2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *5
0 * *5
0 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * 2019 - - -

S 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Smart ForTwo Subaru BRZ
This tiny two-seater was one of our lowest-rated cars. It’s good on Developed with Toyota, the BRZ is Subaru’s first rear-wheel-drive
gas, a snap to park, and easily sparks conversations. Access to the sports car. It features a 200-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder with a choice
cabin is very easy and the seats are comfortable. Power comes from of a six-speed manual or automatic. Handling is super responsive,
a 1.0-liter, three-cylinder engine that does a decent job keeping up with impressive agility. The BRZ turns into corners promptly, with
with traffic, but the Smart is very slow accelerating from a stop. virtually no body lean. The steering is quick and well weighted, with
It has a harsh ride, clumsy handling, and an automated manual decent feedback. At its limits it understeers more than the nearly
transmission that has the worst shift quality we’ve experienced. It identical Scion FR-S/Toyota 86, which makes it more forgiving but
changes gears slowly, causing the car to pause and heave, rocking slightly less rewarding, and has a more jittery ride. Inside, the cabin is
occupants fore and aft. We’ve measured 39 mpg overall, but the relatively plain, with well-bolstered front sport seats, but the stiff ride
Smart requires premium fuel. The Smart was redesigned for 2016 and elevated noise can be taxing, and the vestigial rear seats are
and improved, but it’s still not a smart purchase choice unless best suited for cargo.
easy parking is a priority. For 2018, only the electric-drive version is
available. Redesign/Freshening: 2013.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard. Drive Wheels: Rear.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2010 $3,100 - $5,600 2010 -
Trouble Smart ForTwo Trouble Subaru BRZ
Spots 2011 $3,300 - $4,500 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $3,600 - $4,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $3,100 - $5,300 Engine, Major 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2013 $13,100 - $13,800
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $4,300 - $6,000 Engine Minor 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2014 $14,300 - $15,400
2015 $5,200 - $6,800 2015 $16,100 - $17,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $6,100 - $9,300
Engine Cooling 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2016 $18,600 - $20,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $9,600 - $12,700
Trans. Major 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2017 $20,000 - $22,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $11,700 - $12,500
Trans. Minor 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2018 $22,200 - $26,000
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $13,900 - $14,700
Drive System 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2019 $25,000 - $26,700
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 5
0 * * *5
0 * *
Electrical
Electrical 5
0 * * *4
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0 * * *4
0 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 4/3 5/NT
Suspension 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 4
0 * * *4
0 * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2014 Good 4/4 3/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2015 Good 4/4 3/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 4/4 3/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * Power Equip. 4
0 * * *4
0 * *
2017 Good 4/4 5/NT 2017 Good 4/4 NT
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0 * * *5
0 * * 2018 Good 4/4 NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT Verdict 1
0 * * *5
0 * * 2019 Good 4/4 NT

S
Subaru Crosstrek, XV Subaru Forester
This small quasi-SUV is mechanically the same as the Impreza The Forester is a no-nonsense SUV that emphasizes practicality,
hatchback, but with a raised ride height. It may appeal to those with plenty of room, standard AWD, and excellent visibility. Its ride
living at the end of a dirt road who don’t want anything big and is compliant and handling is quite nimble. The 2009 and newer
bulky. The cabin is rather noisy, the ride is stiff, and the little 148-hp, Foresters have standard ESC, a roomy rear seat, and perhaps the
2.0-liter four-cylinder engine has to work hard to maintain highway best ride of any small SUV. Cabin fittings and controls remained
speed, but fuel economy is a gratifying 26 mpg. The Hybrid barely Spartan. The 2014 redesign greatly improved fuel economy, thanks
improves on that, at 28 mpg, but it’s a little quieter and sounds less mostly to a new continuously variable transmission, and bolstered
strained. Blind spot monitoring and cross traffic alert were offered safety with the available EyeSight system. The 2016 model year
beginning in 2016. The redesigned 2018 model brought an updated brought much-needed improvements to the infotainment system,
2.0-liter engine and CVT, and got 29 mpg overall. The infotainment introducing a contemporary touch-screen audio system. The 2019
system is easy to use, and the EyeSight system includes forward redesign brought standard FCW and AEB, and an impressive 28
collision warning, automatic emergency braking, and lane keeping mpg overall from the 2.5-liter four-cylinder, which provides good
assist. acceleration.

standard. standard.

2010 - 2010 $6,900 - $8,800
Trouble Subaru Crosstrek, XV Trouble Subaru Forester
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $7,700 - $10,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,800 - $12,100
Engine, Major 1
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 $11,400 - $12,400 Engine, Major 1
0101
0104
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,900 - $13,700
Engine Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 $12,500 - $14,000 Engine Minor 1
0101
0203
0505
0505
050 2014 $11,800 - $16,000
Engine Cooling 2015 $13,975 ñ $16,475 Engine Cooling 2015 $13,800 - $17,400
5
0505
0505
0505
0 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,600 - $18,100 2016 $16,100 - $20,100
Trans. Major 4
0504
0505
0505
0 Trans. Major 3
0405
0404
0505
0505
050
2017 $17,500 - $20,300 2017 $17,500 - $23,800
Trans. Minor 1
0504
0405
0505
0 Trans. Minor 4
0404
0404
0505
0505
050
2018 $19,200 - $22,700 2018 $19,500 - $27,500
Drive System 1
0403
0505
0505
0 Drive System 3
0403
0403
0405
0505
050
2019 $20,800 - $27,700 2019 $23,500 - $30,200
Fuel System 4
0405
0505
0505
0 Fuel System 3
0305
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 4
0505
0505
0505
0 Electrical 4
0304
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 2
0102
0405
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0403
0401
0304
0105
Suspension 1
0104
0405
0505
0 Suspension 3
0403
0401
0405
0505
050
2010 - - - 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
0202
0304
0505
0 Brakes 2
0302
0102
0303
0505
050
2011 - - - 2011 Good 4/5 5/4
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0 Exhaust 1
0204
0405
0505
0505
050
2012 - - - 2012 Good 4/5 5/4
Paint/Trim 5
0404
0405
0405
0 Paint/Trim 4
0305
0405
0505
0505
050
2013 Good NT NT 2013 Good 4/5 5/4
Noises & Leaks 3
0304
0504
0505
0204
0303
0405
0404
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0101
0202
0405
0
0403
0302
0102
0305
040
2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
4
0303
0305
0103
0 5
0504
0303
0203
0304
020
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Verdict 1
0302
0303
0505
0 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0203
0202
0304
0305
030 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

S 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Subaru Impreza Subaru Impreza WRX/STi
The Impreza comes as a sedan or a five-door hatchback. Its nimble A sporty version of the Impreza, the WRX’s turbocharged engine
handling, composed ride, and standard all-wheel drive have long provides quick and effortless acceleration, and the well-tuned
been hallmarks. However, its fuel economy wasn’t up to par for a suspension delivers a supple ride with agility. Its steering is sharp,
small car prior to the 2012 introduction of a CVT. Interior materials but more demanding cornering elicits a bit too much body lean for
also felt pretty cheap. A 2008 redesign make the Impreza much a sports sedan. The STi is more powerful and much harder riding. It
larger, quieter, and more refined, but steering and handling lost is a fierce performer, although not as agile as the Mitsubishi Lancer
their sharpness. The 2012 makeover made a good car better, with a Evo. In later years, the base WRX has STi-like styling and some of
smoother ride, responsive handling, and improved interior space, but the STi’s suspension updates.
with its CVT, the car is far from quiet. The redesigned 2017 Impreza
compact has more available safety equipment, a roomier interior, Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2015, 2017.
more comfortable ride, handling is more agile, and the cabin is Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
considerably quieter. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD.
standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2010 $5,300 - $15,600 2010 $10,600 - $15,400
Trouble Subaru Impreza Trouble Subaru Impreza WRX/STi
Spots 2011 $6,100 - $16,400 Spots 2011 $11,800 - $16,400
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,900 - $18,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,900 - $18,100
Engine, Major 1
0101
0105
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,900 - $19,300 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $13,600 - $19,200
Engine Minor 1
0201
0104
0505
0505
050 2014 $9,600 - $21,700 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $15,300 - $21,700
2015 $11,300 - $15,200 2015 $17,400 - $25,400
Engine Cooling 2
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,900 - $17,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $18,500 - $28,200
Trans. Major 1
0203
0304
0405
0505
050
2017 $14,600 - $17,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $20,600 - $29,300
Trans. Minor 1
0502
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $15,200 - $19,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $22,500 - $40,300
Drive System 5
0303
0204
0405
0505
050 2019 $17,100 - $21,700
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $24,800 - $33,800
Fuel System 1
0405
0505
0405
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical 3
0505
0405
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 4
0403
0204
0405
0504
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0404
0404
0504
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT 5/5 5/4
Brakes 1
0304
0101
0303
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 1
0102
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/3 5/3
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 1
0402
0303
0404
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 1
0202
0303
0505
0404
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 2
0504
0405
0405
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 1
0502
0202
0101
0405
050 Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * *
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 1
0304
0304
0204
0101
040
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0302
0103
0304
0304
050 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 Good NT NT

S
Subaru Legacy Subaru Outback
The Legacy has been a well-rounded performer for many years. The The Outback is essentially a Legacy wagon with added ground
ride is supple, and handling is responsive. Make sure to get a 2008 clearance and a slightly raised roof. For many years only the 3.0
or later, when electronic stability control became widely available. VDC models got standard ESC. Turbocharged XT models feel
Mediocre fuel economy was a drawback until the 2010 redesign, very powerful, while the six-cylinder adds smoothness and quiet
when mpg improved markedly, to 25 mpg overall in our tests of a refinement. Mediocre fuel economy was a consistent drawback until
four-cylinder with the CVT. Ride quality was still impressive, but the 2010 redesign, when it improved to 24 mpg overall in our tests of
handling became less crisp. The interior is roomier than previous a four-cylinder with the CVT. Ride quality is impressive, but handling
generations and the car is quieter. The 2015 redesign improved is less crisp. The interior is roomier than previous generations and
interior quality, added contemporary infotainment capability, and the car is quieter. A 2013 update helped handling at the expense
made the car one of the best-riding sedans available. Changes for of some ride comfort. Both were improved with the 2015 redesign,
2016 included available blind spot warning and rear cross-traffic which also adds a nicer interior with contemporary infotainment
warning. capability. Updates for 2018 included standard Android Auto and
Apple CarPlay.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side, and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2015.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side, and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2010 $5,600 - $8,800 2010 $6,700 - $9,500
Trouble Subaru Legacy Trouble Subaru Outback
Spots 2011 $6,300 - $11,300 Spots 2011 $7,600 - $10,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,200 - $13,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,000 - $12,000
Engine, Major 3
0404
0305
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,300 - $12,300 Engine, Major 3
0404
0304
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,700 - $14,300
Engine Minor 5
0404
0105
0405
0504
050 2014 $9,900 - $13,800 Engine Minor 3
0403
0304
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,600 - $16,200
3
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,900 - $18,200 2016 $17,400 - $21,300
Trans. Major 2
0302
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 3
0303
0405
0505
0505
050
2017 $16,100 - $20,700 2017 $19,200 - $27,100
Trans. Minor 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2018 $18,000 - $23,700 2018 $21,800 - $30,100
Drive System 5
0205
0505
0405
0504
050 Drive System 2
0404
0404
0405
0505
050
2019 $19,400 - $25,500 2019 $23,700 - $32,600
Fuel System 5
0405
0505
0505
0504
050 Fuel System 4
0504
0505
0505
0503
050
Electrical 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0503
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
Suspension 4
0402
0505
0304
0505
050 Suspension 4
0404
0404
0404
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0504
0303
0505
0505
050 Brakes 2
0302
0302
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 4/4 5/4 2011 Good 4/4 5/4
Exhaust 1
0304
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 2
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 5/4 NT 2012 Good 5/4 5/4
Paint/Trim 5
0504
0505
0404
0404
050 Paint/Trim 4
0505
0404
0505
0505
050
2013 Good 5/5 5/5 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0104
0501
0404
0404
0301
0302
0404
0403
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0305
0505
0505
0505
0404
0505
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0303
0502
0403
0303
050
0202
0303
0102
0202
050
2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
4
0504
0504
0303
0101
030 3
0403
0204
0203
0201
030
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Verdict 3
0404
0404
0304
0402
050 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0403
0304
0304
0402
050 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

S 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Subaru Tribeca Suzuki Grand Vitara
The Tribeca has fairly agile handling and a quiet, comfortable, and Even with its V6, we found the Vitara to be sluggish, its power
steady ride. The cabin is nicely finished, but the second-row seat blunted by the automatic transmission. Basically, all Vitaras are
is cramped and the third-row is tiny, even for children. The 3.0-liter slow, noisy, and uncomfortable. The redesigned 2006 Grand Vitara
six-cylinder engine has to work hard to maintain speed, and the brought unibody construction and a fully independent suspension.
transmission downshifts reluctantly, making it feel underpowered. The V6 was still sluggish and returned just 18 mpg. The stiff, jittery
Wind and engine noise are subdued. Expect a disappointing 16 mpg ride, vague steering, and reluctant handling didn’t impress us
overall on premium fuel. Most controls are easy to use, but it is a either. A four-cylinder engine was reintroduced in 2009 but fuel
long reach to the navigation system’s touch-screen monitor. 2007 economy wasn’t much better than the V6’s. The Suzuki brand was
brought a rollover-detection system and available rearview camera. discontinued after the 2013 model year.
A revised transmission and a more powerful 256-hp, 3.6-liter engine
using regular fuel arrived for 2008. The Tribeca then soldiered on Redesign/Freshening: 2009.
without changes until it was discontinued after the 2014 model year. Safety Equipment: ABS available. ABS, ESC, side and head
protection air bags standard from 2006.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear.
ESC standard from 2008.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2010 $7,700 - $10,100 2010 $3,200 - $6,900
Trouble Subaru Tribeca Trouble Suzuki Grand Vitara
Spots 2011 $8,900 - $11,100 Spots 2011 $3,900 - $7,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,100 - $12,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,800 - $7,900
Engine, Major
* * * * * 2013 $13,000 - $13,000 Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 $5,700 - $8,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * 2014 $14,900 - $14,900 Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 -
2015 - 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 - - -
2016 - - - 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2017 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * 2019 - - -

S
Suzuki Kizashi Suzuki SX4
The Kizashi is a sound car but not a standout in any way. It slots The SX4 comes as a small hatchback with SUV-like styling or a
at the smaller end of the family sedan category, with a snug cabin tall little four-door sedan. It’s a much nicer car than the Aerio it
and tight rear seat. The ride is taut and controlled, but a little stiff. replaced. All-wheel drive is standard on the hatchback; the sedan is
The front seats are well shaped and comfortable, the cabin is well- only front-wheel drive. The all-wheel-drive system has three settings:
finished, and most drivers should find sufficient head- and legroom. front-wheel drive for supposedly better fuel economy; auto; and
Fuel economy is pretty good but acceleration is rather leisurely, lock for better traction on slippery surfaces. The SX4 has easy cabin
and the CVT makes the 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine work hard-- access and good visibility. It seats five, with modest cargo space
and loudly--to keep up the pace. Alluring features such as keyless behind the folding rear seats. The 2.0-liter, 143-hp, four-cylinder
ignition, seat-position memory, and automatic climate control are engine drones on the highway and delivers slow acceleration.
welcome. The Suzuki brand was discontinued after the 2013 model Handling is fairly nimble, but the ride is stiff. For the first few years,
year. electronic stability control was available only with the well-equipped
Touring package. The Suzuki brand was discontinued after the 2013
Redesign/Freshening: 2010. model year.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.

2010 $3,300 - $4,500 2010 $3,500 - $5,600
Trouble Suzuki Kizashi Trouble Suzuki SX4
Spots 2011 $3,700 - $5,300 Spots 2011 $3,900 - $5,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,500 - $5,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $4,100 - $6,400
Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 $5,000 - $6,500 Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 $5,500 - $7,400
Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 - Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 -
2015 - 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 Good 4/3 5/2
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 Good 4/3 5/2
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 - - -
2016 - - - 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * 2017 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * 2019 - - -

T 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Tesla Model 3 Tesla Model S
Tesla’s Model 3 sedan is the most affordable model offered by the The Tesla Model S is a four-door luxury sports car that happens also
electric-focused company. The Model 3 Long-Range can go 310 to be an electric vehicle. A large, low-slung hatchback, it easily seats
miles on a charge in our measurement. It takes 12 hours to charge five, or seven in a pinch with the optional rear-facing jump seats.
on a 32-amp 240-volt connector. The acceleration is swift and its With its optional 85 kWh battery the Tesla can travel between 180
handling is remarkably agile. The interior is uncluttered and nicely and 225 miles per charge, at least twice as far as other electrics.
finished, and the front seats are comfortable. However, the ride It can be fully charged in as little as five hours. Performance is
is very stiff and choppy, and the rear seat sits uncomfortably low. exceptional, with thrilling acceleration, pinpoint handling, and a
The controls are very distracting, since many simple tasks, such steady ride. A huge center touch screen controls nearly all accessory
as adjusting the mirrors, require spending time interacting with functions. Drawbacks include tight access and restricted visibility.
the large touch screen. Tesla’s Autopilot suite of advanced driver- All-wheel-drive versions were added in 2014, along with an optional
assistance feature can add convenience but could potentially lull suite of advanced driver assistance features.
drivers into complacency. Standard battery versions have an EPA-
rated 220-mile range. An all-wheel-drive version is also available. Redesign/Freshening: 2012.
Redesign/Freshening: 2017. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.
air bags standard.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Tesla Model 3 Trouble Tesla Model S
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $21,900 - $26,500
Engine, Major
*5
*4
0405
0505
0505
0 2013 $25,700 - $30,600
Engine Minor
*5
*5
0405
0505
0505
0 2014 $28,700 - $45,800
2015 - 2015 $32,200 - $47,800
Engine Cooling
*5
050
2016 -
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $35,600 - $74,400
Trans. Major
*5
050
2017 -
Trans. Major
*5
0405
0505
0505
0
2017 $43,300 - $81,100
Trans. Minor
*5
050 2018 $41,900 - $53,500
Trans. Minor
*5
0405
0505
0505
0 2018 $53,100 - $90,200
Drive System
*5
050 2019 $34,700 - $58,800
Drive System
*1
0102
0505
0505
0 2019 $67,900 - $95,000
Fuel System
*5
050 Fuel System
*5
0505
0505
0505
0
Electrical
*5
Electrical
*5
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*5
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*1
0404
0304
0305
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
050
2010 - - -
Suspension
*5
0204
0503
0305
0
2010 - - -
Brakes
*5
050 2011 - - -
Brakes
*4
0505
0505
0504
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust
*5
050 2012 - - -
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
*4
040 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
*5
0504
0503
0504
0 2013 NT 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*4
040 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
*1
0101
0301
0304
0 2014 NT 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
*4
*5
0101
0402
0404
0 2015 NT 5/5 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
*3
050
2017 Accept. NT NT
Power Equip.
*2
0401
0504
0304
0
2017 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr.
*4
030
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*1
0101
0302
0102
0
2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *4
030 2019 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0302
0403
0202
0 2019 Good NT NT

T
Tesla Model X Toyota 4Runner ! Good Bet
The electric-powered Model X is more showy than practical. It Among conventional, full-frame SUVs, the 4Runner stands out for
features rear doors that open up and out of the way, giving easy serious off-roading and reliability. Mid-2000 models offered smooth
access to the rear seats. But these massive doors take their time to V6 or V8 engines as well as a small third-row seat. Fuel economy
open and close. The huge windshield extends up and over the front- was so-so, but the cabin was well finished and quiet. The 2010
seat occupants, making the cabin feel airy and futuristic. Buyers redesign felt like a step backwards. The unsettled ride, mediocre
can opt for five-, six-, or seven-passenger seating configurations, handling, cheap interior, high-step-in, and low ceiling left us
but unlike every other SUV, the second row doesn’t fold, which unimpressed. Limited trim versions come with full-time four-wheel-
compromises utility. Like the Model S sedan, the Model X is very drive which is an advantage. The 4.0-liter V6 engine is powerful but
quick and handles well. Ride comfort and noise isolation aren’t as roars when accelerating. We got 18 mpg overall in our fuel-economy
good as in the S, however. The 90-kWh version we tested had a tests. Controls are simple, with big buttons and knobs, but the radio
realistic 230-mile range. touch screen is relatively small.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2010 - 2010 $14,600 - $17,800
Trouble Tesla Model X Trouble Toyota 4Runner
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $16,500 - $19,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $17,400 - $21,400
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $18,800 - $23,600
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2014 $21,200 - $26,500
2015 - 2015 $22,300 - $33,000
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0 * 2016 $47,800 - $76,800
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $23,900 - $34,700
Trans. Major 5
0505
0 * 2017 $61,100 - $85,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $26,100 - $37,500
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0 * 2018 $66,700 - $93,800
Trans. Minor 3
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $28,800 - $40,700
Drive System 4
0303
0 * 2019 $76,100 - $98,900
Drive System 5
0505
0504
0505
0504
050 2019 $31,200 - $42,600
Fuel System 5
0505
0 * Fuel System 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0404
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0404
0304
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 2
0304
0 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 4
0405
0304
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes 4
0205
0 * 2011 - - -
Brakes 3
0202
0403
0104
0405
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0 * 2012 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/5
Paint/Trim 1
0103
0 * 2013 - - - Paint/Trim 4
0405
0505
0405
0505
050 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0101
0 * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
050 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0203
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/3 5/5
2016 NT NT NT 2016 Good 4/3 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0401
0 * Power Equip. 4
0405
0402
0304
0505
050
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 4/3 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
0101
0 * 2018 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0403
0501
0105
0404
050
2018 Good 4/3 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0 * 2019 NT 5/5 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
050 2019 Good 4/3 5/5

T 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Toyota Avalon ! Good Bet Toyota Camry ! Good Bet
This well-executed large sedan is essentially a stretched Camry It’s hard to go wrong with a used Camry. The car is roomy inside, but
with more upscale features. High points include the silky- some cabin materials feel cheap in the 2007-10 vintage. The 2010
smooth powertrain, Lexus-like road isolation, and generous four-cylinder paired with a six-speed automatic got 26 mpg overall.
accommodations. Updates for 2011 changed little about the basic The 2012 redesign made handling more responsive and improved
package, which remains a smooth, quiet, spacious and comfortable interior quality. Drawbacks include a somewhat convoluted touch-
cruiser. A redesign and a hybrid version arrived for 2013; the hybrid screen radio, and a Poor score in the IIHS small overlap crash
returned 36 mpg overall. Handling was improved but the cushy ride test for 2012-14 models. Look for a 2014.5 or later Camry, which
was stiffened too much, especially on versions with the 18-inch tires, scored better. The redesigned 2018 model brought sleeker styling,
robbing from the car’s previous relaxed character. A 2016 update improved fuel economy, sharper handling, and standard advanced
improved the ride. A new Avalon arrived for 2019, with a strong V6 safety systems. The Camry is an excellent choice thanks to its well-
engine and eight-speed automatic. The hybrid got 42 mpg overall in rounded capability, roomy interior, excellent visibility all around, and
our tests. The cabin is quiet and luxury-like, and FCW and AEB are comfortable ride, in addition to its outstanding reliability.
standard.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2013, 2019. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags standard. FCW and AEB available from 2015, standard from 2018.
standard. FCW and AEB available from 2013, standard from 2017. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 $7,500 - $8,900 2010 $6,600 - $7,500
Trouble Toyota Avalon Trouble Toyota Camry
Spots 2011 $9,400 - $10,100 Spots 2011 $7,300 - $8,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,400 - $11,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,500 - $10,100
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,300 - $13,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,600 - $11,200
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,400 - $15,600 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $11,200 - $13,400
5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $15,900 - $20,800 2016 $14,200 - $18,200
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $17,800 - $23,400 2017 $15,700 - $19,900
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2018 $20,000 - $26,600 2018 $17,900 - $27,700
Drive System 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Drive System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2019 $26,500 - $33,100 2019 $18,900 - $31,400
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 3
0503
0505
0504
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
Suspension 3
0305
0505
0505
0405
050 Suspension 4
0405
0405
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Brakes 4
0404
0404
0405
0504
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 Good 4/2 5/4
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good NT NT 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
0304
0405
0505
0504
050 Paint/Trim 4
0404
0404
0405
0505
050
2013 Good 4/5 5/5 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0504
0504
0505
0404
0405
0304
0404
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip. 3
0404
0504
0404
0505
050
0504
0504
0505
0405
050
2016 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 4/5 5/5
3
0305
0404
0204
0404
030 5
0504
0404
0404
0501
040
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0504
040 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

T
Toyota C-HR Toyota Corolla ! Good Bet
The wild-styled C-HR is nimble and enjoyable to drive, but it also Historically, the Corolla has usually hit the sweet spot of practical
has several notable deficiencies. Unlike other subcompact-SUV size, good performance and ironclad reliability. Very good fuel
competitors, this genre-bending model has no all-wheel-drive economy is another strong suit. The cabin is fairly quiet except for
option. Visibility is horrendous, and the C-HR is tortoise-slow, taking some engine noise at high revs. Among the older models, look for
more than 11 seconds in the 0-60 mph dash. At least it gets a one with the optional curtain airbags. Without them the Corolla got
very good 29 mpg overall. The continuously variable transmission a poor in the IIHS side-crash test. The Corolla was redesigned for
is mostly unobtrusive, but it amplifies engine noise. The ride is 2009, when it grew a bit larger and acquired a much quieter and
firm and tightly controlled. Wind noise is pronounced at highway even more economical 1.8-liter four-cylinder. Redesigned for 2014,
speeds. Hidden rear door handles give the impression of a two-door the Corolla returned a frugal 32 mpg overall. Despite the bump in its
coupe, but they make it difficult for kids to open the doors. The XLE overall size, the Corolla remains small enough for easy maneuvering
Premium trim has more comfortable seats. Although the rear seat is and parking.
roomy, the small windows create a dark, cave-like cabin. Advanced
safety features are standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2014.
Redesign/Freshening: 2018. standard from 2009. FCW and AEB standard from 2017.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Drive Wheels: Front.
air bags standard.

2010 - 2010 $6,200 - $7,200
Trouble Toyota C-HR Trouble Toyota Corolla
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $6,600 - $7,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,300 - $8,200
Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,100 - $9,100
Engine Minor 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $9,100 - $10,400
Engine Cooling 2015 - Engine Cooling 2015 $10,400 - $12,800

4
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 - 2016 $12,000 - $14,800
Trans. Major 5
050 Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 - 2017 $13,300 - $16,400
Trans. Minor 5
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2018 $17,800 - $18,300 2018 $14,600 - $17,700
Drive System 4
050 Drive System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2019 $18,500 - $21,600 2019 $15,700 - $18,800
Fuel System 4
050 Fuel System 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 4
050 Electrical 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 4
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0405
0405
0505
Suspension 5
050 Suspension 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
050
2010 - - - 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes 5
050 Brakes 4
0504
0304
0405
0505
050
2011 - - - 2011 Good 5/4 5/2
Exhaust 5
050 Exhaust 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 - - - 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
050 Paint/Trim 3
0404
0305
0404
0505
050
2013 - - - 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
050 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0405
0404
0404
0404
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 1
040
2016 - - - Power Equip. 5
0505
0404
0504
0505
050
2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
4
040 2
0404
0503
0405
0505
040
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Verdict 1
050 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
030 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

T 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Toyota FJ Cruiser Toyota Highlander ! Good Bet
The FJ’s styling echoes the rugged early FJ40 Land Cruisers from The Highlander has long been an excellent choice, and available
decades ago. While its off-road prowess is superb, the FJ is full of with front- or all-wheel drive. Quiet, roomy, and relaxing to drive,
compromises. Visibility is horrendous, and the rear-hinged rear the Highlander has always had smooth four- or six-cylinder engines,
doors provide poor cabin access and are difficult to close. The FJ a comfortable ride, and easy-to-use controls. A third-row seat was
has clumsy handling and can be disconcerting at its limits, although available. A hybrid version debuted for the 2006 model year. For
the standard stability control keeps it secure enough. The ride 2008 the Highlander was redesigned. It grew larger, and got a more
is compliant but jiggly. Wind noise dominates the cabin. The V6 powerful 3.5-liter V6 and a roomier third-row seat. For 2011 the
powertrain is smooth and punchy, but returned just 17 mpg overall. hybrid got that V6 and so equipped averaged 27 mpg in our tests.
2014 was its last year. The redesigned 2014 model got edgier styling and a fuel economy
boost for the V6 model from 18 mpg to 20 mpg. The hybrid fell to
Redesign/Freshening: 2007. 25 mpg overall, good but not the standout it once was. Updates for
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection 2017 included a new eight-speed transmission and more horsepower
air bags standard from 2008. for the 3.5-liter V6.
standard. FCW and AEB available from 2014, standard from 2017.

2010 $16,300 - $17,500 2010 $10,000 - $13,100
Trouble Toyota FJ Cruiser Trouble Toyota Highlander
Spots 2011 $17,800 - $18,900 Spots 2011 $11,500 - $14,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $19,400 - $20,900 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,700 - $17,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * 2013 $22,300 - $23,800 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $14,100 - $18,400
Engine Minor
* * * * * 2014 $24,900 - $26,500 Engine Minor 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $17,200 - $25,400
2015 - 2015 $18,200 - $28,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $20,200 - $31,400
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $22,600 - $34,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $25,600 - $39,000
Drive System
* * * * * 2019 -
Drive System 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $27,600 - $41,700
Fuel System
* * * * * Fuel System 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Suspension 4
0404
0405
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 3
0405
0404
0404
0505
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 4
0304
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 4
0404
0304
0504
0405
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware 4
0404
0504
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * Power Equip. 5
0404
0404
0404
0505
050
2017 - - - 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
0405
0501
0304
0404
020
2018 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
040 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

T
Toyota Land Cruiser Toyota Matrix
The big, full-frame Land Cruiser’s smooth V8 provides muscular This Corolla-based small wagon is available with either front- or all-
acceleration. Its independent front suspension aids the comfortable wheel drive. The 1.8-liter four-cylinder drones loudly and performs
and composed ride and the Toyota’s handling, which is sound, but modestly. XRS models use a more powerful engine and come only
not agile handling. The interior is roomy, quiet, and well finished. The with a six-speed manual and FWD. Handling is fairly nimble, and the
4WD system is permanently engaged, a major safety advantage. ride is compliant if a little jittery. Access is very easy, and the rear
Good off-road performance is a strong suit. The 50/50 split third- seat is quite roomy. The optional AWD system works well but hurts
row seats fold up against the bulkhead rather than into the floor, acceleration and fuel economy. Folding the rear seats creates a
thus robbing some cargo space. And this third-row is cramped, large, flat load floor. The Matrix was redesigned for 2009 with more
especially given the SUV’s rather large size. A 2008 redesign brought powerful engines and readily available ESC. The ride isn’t harsh,
the powerful but thirsty 5.7-liter V8 used in the Tundra. Expect just 14 but it doesn’t feel steady, even on the highway. Hard plastics make
mpg overall. The chunky SUV proved clumsy but ultimately secure the interior feel cheap. Some edges aren’t well finished, and the
at its limits, with the stability-control system working hard to keep it headliner looks like cardboard. 2013 was the final year for the Matrix.
on course.
Redesign/Freshening: 2008. Safety Equipment: ABS standard. Side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags available, standard from 2009. ESC available, standard from 2010.
standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB standard from 2016. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
Drive Wheels: 4WD.

2010 $27,100 - $27,100 2010 $6,100 - $7,100
Trouble Toyota Land Cruiser Trouble Toyota Matrix
Spots 2011 $29,900 - $29,900 Spots 2011 $6,800 - $8,000
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,700 - $9,000
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $38,700 - $38,700 Engine, Major 5
0 * * * 2013 $8,700 - $10,300
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 $43,800 - $43,800 Engine Minor 0 *
5 * * 2014 -
2015 $49,200 - $49,200 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $55,400 - $55,400
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $61,400 - $61,400
Trans. Major 0 *
5 * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $67,800 - $67,800
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2019 $74,500 - $74,500
Drive System 0 *
5 * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 0 *
2 * *
Electrical
Electrical 0 *
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 0 *
3 * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 0 *
5 * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 0 *
2 * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 0 *
3 * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 0 *
3 * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 0 *
3 * * 2015 - - -
2016 NT NT NT 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 0 *
4 * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * * * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 0*
4 * * 2019 - - -

T 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Toyota Prius ! Good Bet Toyota Prius C ! Good Bet
The 2010-15 Prius is among the most fuel-efficient cars, returning 44 The Prius C hatchback provides an affordable, smaller alternative for
mpg overall. The drive battery recharges while coasting or braking those who want a Toyota hybrid for a little less money than the Prius.
and the four-door hatchback seamlessly switches between gas But its harsh ride, noisy engine and cabin, and slow acceleration
and electric modes, and can drive at low speeds on electric power make it feel more like an econobox than a sophisticated hybrid.
alone. The ride is firm but compliant, and handling is responsive, It gets very good city fuel economy of 37 mpg, but its overall 43
if not particularly agile. Some controls are complicated. The 2010 mpg falls 1 mpg short of the larger 2010-2015 Prius. The interior is
redesign improved the driving position. The plug-in version had full of cheap-looking materials, the driving position and rear seats
an electric range of about 12 miles. The redesigned 2016 model are cramped, and there’s not much cargo space. At least the C’s
got an incredible 52 mpg overall in our tests. It also handles tiny dimensions make it a natural for driving and parking in urban
more responsively and rides more comfortably than the previous settings. Forward collision warning and automatic emergency
generation. But cabin access is worse thanks to the lower stance, braking became standard for 2017.
and the cloth seats feel cheap.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2016, standard from 2017.
ESC available, standard from 2010. FCW and AEB available from Drive Wheels: Front.
2010, standard from 2017.

2010 $7,700 - $7,700 2010 -
Trouble Toyota Prius Trouble Toyota Prius C
Spots 2011 $8,700 - $8,700 Spots 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,300 - $11,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,500 - $7,500
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,000 - $12,100 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2013 $8,600 - $8,600
Engine Minor 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,000 - $13,500 Engine Minor 4
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2014 $10,200 - $10,200
2015 $14,100 - $15,700 2015 $12,400 - $12,400
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,700 - $17,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2016 $13,600 - $14,400
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $17,900 - $21,500
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2017 $15,100 - $17,600
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $19,000 - $23,700
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2018 $17,000 - $18,700
Drive System 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $20,100 - $25,500
Drive System 5
0505
0405
0 *3
0 * 2019 $18,500 - $19,600
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0505
0505
0 *5
0 *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0 *5
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0405
0 *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension 4
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2010 - - -
Brakes 4
0404
0405
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes 5
0504
0505
0 *5
0 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 3
0405
0505
0 *5
0 * 2013 Good 4/4 4/4
Noises & Leaks 4
0505
0405
0504
0405
0304
0204
0 *5
0 * 2014 Good 4/4 4/4
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 *5
0 * 2015 Good 4/4 4/4
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 4/4
Power Equip. 4
0304
0404
0405
0505
050 Power Equip. 5
0305
0405
0 *4
0 *
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 4/4
In-Car Electr. 3
0304
0404
0405
0504
050
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0405
0405
0 *4
0 * 2018 Good 4/4 4/4
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0 *3
0 * 2019 Good 4/4 4/4

T
Toyota Prius V ! Good Bet Toyota RAV4 ! Good Bet
This wagon version of the pre-2016 generation Prius offers a very The RAV4 delivers agility, easy access, and good fuel economy. The
roomy rear seat and a generous cargo area. It’s about the size of a 2013 redesign offered just a 2.5-liter four-cylinder and six-speed
Mazda5 but seats just five. The extra weight and bigger profile take automatic, which returned 24 mpg overall. Handling is nimble and
a small toll on fuel economy, but the V still got an excellent 41 mpg secure, although the ride is firm. The cabin features clear, intuitive
overall in our tests. Despite lower gearing, the electric motor and controls but some cheap details are apparent. The redesign also did
engine have to work fairly hard, especially when the car is loaded. It away with the awkward side-hinged rear gate, replaced by a more
drives similarly to the standard Prius, but handling isn’t exactly agile. convenient top-hinged hatch. Freshened for 2016, a hybrid version
A chair-like seating position, low sills, and big windows combine to that delivered impressive fuel economy was offered. Skip the 2013-
make the Prius V feel open and airy. The standard backup camera 14 RAV4s, which got a Poor in the driver-side IIHS small-overlap
is a welcome feature. A weight-saving plastic moonroof is optional. crash test. The 2019 redesign gave the RAV a rugged look that
2017 is its final year. compromised interior space. The ride is stiff and jumpy, but handling
is agile. We got 27 mpg with the four-cylinder; the hybrid got an
Redesign/Freshening: 2012. impressive 37 mpg overall. FCW and AEB are standard.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2013, 2016, 2019.
Drive Wheels: Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2016, standard from 2017.

2010 - 2010 $7,900 - $10,400
Trouble Toyota Prius V Trouble Toyota RAV4
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $8,800 - $11,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,100 - $10,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,800 - $14,000
Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
050 * 2013 $11,300 - $11,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,000 - $14,400
Engine Minor 5
0405
0505
050 * 2014 $13,900 - $13,900 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,900 - $15,500
2015 $15,900 - $15,900 2015 $14,400 - $17,300
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
050 * 2016 $17,900 - $17,900
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,000 - $21,200
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050 * 2017 $19,700 - $22,000
Trans. Major 5
0505
0305
0505
0505
050
2017 $17,200 - $24,500
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050 * 2018 -
Trans. Minor 5
0405
0404
0505
0505
040 2018 $18,200 - $28,200
Drive System 5
0505
0505
050 * 2019 -
Drive System 3
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2019 $20,700 - $31,900
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
050 * Fuel System 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
0505
050 * 2010 - - -
Suspension 3
0504
0504
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes 4
0404
0405
050 * 2011 - - -
Brakes 2
0303
0403
0404
0505
050 2011 Good 4/2 5/3
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 4
0504
0505
050 * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 3
0303
0404
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0505
0303
0404
0405
0405
040 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 5
0505
0304
0505
0504
0504
0505
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0404
0104
040 * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 4
0304
0502
0504
0404
030
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
050 * 2019 - - - Verdict 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
030 2019 Good 4/5 5/5

T 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Toyota Sequoia Toyota Sienna
Based on the Tundra pickup, the Sequoia shares its refined V8 The Sienna has always had a quiet, composed ride and refined
powertrain. This big SUV has an available full-time 4WD system, as powertrains. The front- and middle-row seats are comfortable; the
well as a third-row seat to accommodate up to eight passengers. While third row is hard to access. Cargo space in earlier models was less
roomier than the Land Cruiser, it doesn’t ride as comfortably and has generous than in larger competitors. Fuel economy from the smooth,
a less sophisticated 4WD system. In 2008 the Sequoia was redesigned strong V6 was a relatively good 19 mpg. Handling was responsive
on the renewed Tundra platform. A six-speed automatic and 5.7-liter and secure but less agile than the Honda Odyssey. AWD models
V8 were available, and returned 15 mpg overall in our tests. The roomy came with run-flat tires for a time but they were said to be prone
third-row seats fold flat into the floor. The 4.7-liter V8 was replaced by to fast wear. The 2011 redesign has some good points but interior
a 310-hp 4.6-liter in 2010. This model rides better than the old Sequoia quality and noise isolation took a step backward. The 3.5-liter V6 is
but still feels truckish, and handling is clumsy. A monster 381-hp, 5.7-liter lively and returns a respectable 20-mpg overall in our tests, while the
V8 was also available, producing very quick acceleration. Fuel economy AWD version sacrifices just 1 mpg. The 2017 got a new eight-speed
is respectable for its class, but overall it isn’t great. automatic that replaced the six-speed.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC , side and head protection air bags
air bags available, standard from 2008. FCW and AEB optional from standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2016, standard from 2017.
2016, standard from 2017. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2010 $13,200 - $17,800 2010 $6,200 - $9,400
Trouble Toyota Sequoia Trouble Toyota Sienna
Spots 2011 $16,000 - $20,100 Spots 2011 $8,000 - $12,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $17,700 - $22,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,400 - $14,000
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2013 $18,400 - $24,700 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,100 - $15,500
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * *4
0 * 2014 $20,500 - $29,300 Engine Minor 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,700 - $17,600
2015 $24,200 - $35,300 2015 $14,100 - $22,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2016 $28,100 - $40,200
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,100 - $25,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2017 $30,300 - $46,100
Trans. Major 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
050
2017 $18,100 - $28,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2018 $33,900 - $50,300
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
050 2018 $21,900 - $33,200
Drive System
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2019 $37,600 - $54,500
Drive System 4
0505
0305
0505
0505
050 2019 $25,300 - $37,600
Fuel System
* * * * * * * *5
0 * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * * * * *5
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
0404
0504
0505
0404
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2010 NT NT NT
Suspension 1
0404
0404
0505
0505
050
2010 Good 4/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0204
0303
0305
0505
050 2011 Good 5/2 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/3 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2013 NT NT NT Paint/Trim 3
0102
0403
0504
0505
050 2013 Good 5/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * *4
0 * 2014 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 3
0303
0403
0303
0304
050 2014 Good 5/3 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2015 NT NT NT Body Hardware 4
0202
0402
0304
0405
050 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 NT NT NT 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * *5
0 * Power Equip. 4
0203
0403
0304
0405
050
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * *5
0 * 2018 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0204
0404
0304
0301
040
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * *5
0 * 2019 NT NT NT Verdict 4
0405
0503
0405
0304
050 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

T
Toyota Tacoma Toyota Tundra ! Good Bet
This hard-riding workhorse holds its value surprisingly well, making The original Tundra was smaller sized than the bigger trucks from
bargain-priced used Tacomas hard to find. Two four-cylinder Detroit but it handled fairly well and had a comfortable ride and
engines are offered, along with the more desirable 3.4-liter V6. The quiet cabin. The extended cab’s rear bench is cramped. 2004
ride is pretty terrible, bucking and jittering constantly on anything brought optional ESC and a true crew-cab. Updates for 2005
but smooth pavement. Stopping distances are long on models included a larger V8 and a new 4.0-liter V6. A redesigned Tundra
without antilock brakes. The cabin’s high floor and low roof make arrived in 2007. This truck is a true full-size pickup, with three cab
access tricky and compromise the driving position. Later models sizes and different bed lengths. Its 5.7-liter V8 is rewardingly powerful
offered a 4.0-liter V6, which provided strong performance and and the six-speed automatic is very smooth and responsive. This
competitive fuel economy. But the ride was still stiff and the driving combination produced a competitive 15 mpg overall. Off-road
position uncomfortable. Payload capacity is relatively small, but capability is impressive as is towing capacity. One nice touch is the
the TRD-equipped trucks are excellent off-road. The 2016 redesign easy-to-lift dampened tailgate. The Tundra hasn’t changed much,
brought a more efficient 3.5-liter V6 engine hooked up to either a although it did receive an updated interior and new exterior styling
six-speed manual or a six-speed automatic transmission. as part of the 2014 freshening.

standard. FCW and AEB standard from 2017. standard. FCW and AEB standard from 2017.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2010 $7,400 - $17,100 2010 $9,200 - $18,200
Trouble Toyota Tacoma Trouble Toyota Tundra
Spots 2011 $8,700 - $18,100 Spots 2011 $9,900 - $20,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,600 - $19,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $12,200 - $22,000
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,700 - $21,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $13,800 - $25,600
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $12,300 - $22,900 Engine Minor 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 $15,500 - $28,700
5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,000 - $29,600 2016 $18,300 - $35,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $18,400 - $37,100 2017 $20,400 - $38,000
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0503
0402
050 Trans. Minor 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2018 $19,600 - $38,600 2018 $25,500 - $40,500
Drive System 3
0404
0505
0404
0304
050 Drive System 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2019 $20,800 - $40,900 2019 $27,500 - $44,800
Fuel System 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 3
0405
0405
0504
0505
050
Electrical 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 3
0403
0205
0404
0405
Climate Syst. 5
0405
0505
0505
0504
Suspension 3
0504
0404
0405
0505
050 Suspension 5
0505
0404
0505
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 NT
Brakes 4
0404
0404
0403
0502
050 Brakes 3
0203
0303
0402
0405
050
2011 Good 4/2 4/5 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2012 Good 4/3 4/5 2012 Good 4/3 5/5
Paint/Trim 2
0404
0505
0504
0504
050 Paint/Trim 4
0505
0505
0505
0305
050
2013 Good 4/3 4/5 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0404
0504
0302
0404
0505
0505
0505
0305
050 2014 Good 3/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 5
0405
0504
0505
0505
050
0404
0404
0504
0204
050
2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
2017 Good 4/4 5/5
3
0505
0504
0403
0504
050 5
0504
0502
0404
0403
040
Used-Car
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0503
0301
040 2019 Good 4/4 4/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0504
0305
050 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

T 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Toyota Venza ! Good Bet Toyota Yaris
Difficult to classify, the Venza straddles the station wagon and The Yaris offers excellent fuel economy of 32 mpg overall in the
SUV worlds. Some say it’s an SUV for people who’ve grown out sedan with the automatic transmission, and 30 in the hatchback. But
of SUVs. Assets include easy cabin access, a quiet interior, and a the driving position forces the driver to sit with arms extended and
roomy rear seat. The rear hatch and large load floor aid cargo legs bent, which is annoying. We aren’t fans of the center-mounted
flexibility. The refined 3.5-liter V6 engine provides plenty of power gauge cluster and the cabin’s cheap fit and finish. Acceleration is
and a respectable 20 mpg overall. A four-cylinder is also available. adequate, but engine drone intrudes. At least the ride is compliant
Handling is secure but the steering is short on feedback, hurting and handling is reasonably responsive and secure with ESC, though
agility. The stiff, jittery ride is un-Toyota-like, and quasi-sporty earlier models could be a handful. The 2012 redesign included a
styling impairs the view out. A rear camera helps when reversing, reworked interior moved the speedometer to the traditional position
but its dashboard screen is very small. Updates for 2013 included behind the steering wheel. However, the Yaris remained rough and
more modern infotainment, changed exterior styling, and slightly very Spartan, with ho-hum handling and slow acceleration. 2017
improved interior finish. The Venza was discontinued after 2015. models came with standard low-speed automatic emergency
braking and lane departure warning.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags available,
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard from 2009. ESC standard from 2010.

2010 $9,000 - $10,800 2010 $4,500 - $5,100
Trouble Toyota Venza Trouble Toyota Yaris
Spots 2011 $9,900 - $11,600 Spots 2011 $4,800 - $5,600
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,600 - $14,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,000 - $6,300
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,300 - $15,600 Engine, Major 5
0 * * * * * * * * * 2013 $5,600 - $7,000
Engine Minor 5
0405
0505
050 2014 $12,400 - $17,700 Engine Minor 0 *
5 * * * * * * * * 2014 $6,800 - $8,400
2015 $14,300 - $18,900 2015 $8,100 - $9,800
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
5 * * * * * * * *
2016 - 2016 $9,500 - $11,200
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
3 * * * * * * * *
2017 - 2017 $11,000 - $12,600
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2018 -
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * * * * * * * * 2018 $11,800 - $14,300
Drive System 1
0405
0404
050 2019 -
Drive System 0 *
5 * * * * * * * * 2019 $14,800 - $16,800
Fuel System 5
0405
0505
050 Fuel System 0 *
5 * * * * * * * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Electrical 0 *
5 * * * * * * * * CR ASH-TEST RESULTS
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0504
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 * * * * * * * * Model Offset Full Side
Suspension 4
0405
0404
040 Suspension 0 *
4 * * * * * * * *
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 4/4 4/4
Brakes 4
0404
0303
030 Brakes 0 *
4 * * * * * * * *
2011 Good 4/2 5/5 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0504
0505
050 2012 Good 4/2 5/5
Exhaust 0 *
4 * * * * * * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
0305
0505
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 0 *
5 * * * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0105
0405
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 0 *
4 * * * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0405
0505
050 2015 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware 0 *
5 * * * * * * * * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 - - -
0 *
2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 3
0404
0405
040 Power Equip. 4 * * * * * * * *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0504
0405
4 * * * * * * * *
Used-Car
2018 - - -
Used-Car
2018 Good 5/4 NT
Verdict 4
0505
0505
050 2019 - - - Verdict 0*
5 * * * * * * * * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

V
Volkswagen Atlas Volkswagen Beetle
Volkswagen’s Atlas is a formidable competitor among three-row The Beetle is available as a hatchback or convertible. We found
SUVs, putting size, functionality, and competitive pricing front the ride composed and handling fairly nimble, but the clownlike
and center. The Atlas drives well, with a comfortable ride and high roofline and expansive windshield make it hard to block the
surprisingly agile handling for its size. The cabin is quiet and very sun. The rear is cramped, though the seats fold for increased cargo
accommodating, including a true third-row seat that’s fit for adults. space. Various engines have been available, including an anemic
A unique, effortlessly articulating second row allows a clear access base four-cylinder that was replaced by a gruff and thirsty five-
path to the way back. The controls are a model of clarity, with an cylinder; a couple of turbocharged four-cylinders; and an efficient
easy-to-use infotainment system. Though the V6 engine and smooth four-cylinder turbodiesel. The Beetle was redesigned for 2012, with a
eight-speed automatic make the Atlas feel lively during everyday more normal driving position. While the ride is acceptable, it’s a bit
driving, its acceleration trails competitors and its 20 mpg overall unsettled. Handling is responsive but not sporty, and it gets sloppy
fuel economy is not outstanding. Towing capacity is a generous in demanding conditions. Wind noise is excessive and visibility is
5,000 pounds. Advanced safety features, including forward-collision limited. For 2018, the 1.8-liter turbo four-cylinder was replaced by a
warning and automatic emergency braking, are available. 2.0-liter turbo, and the manual transmissions was dropped.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head protection Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard. No head
air bags standard. protection air bags offered.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: Front.

2010 - 2010 -
Trouble Volkswagen Atlas Trouble Volkswagen Beetle
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,300 - $7,800
Engine, Major 5
* *5
0305
0 *5
050 * 2013 $7,200 - $11,200
Engine Minor 5
* *5
0105
0 *5
050 * 2014 $8,100 - $13,300
2015 - 2015 $10,000 - $16,200
Engine Cooling 5
050
2016 -
Engine Cooling
* *5
0105
0 *3
050 * 2016 $11,500 - $20,400
Trans. Major 5
050
2017 -
Trans. Major
* *5
0501
0 *5
050 * 2017 $13,300 - $19,800
Trans. Minor 5
050 2018 $20,600 - $33,100
Trans. Minor
* *5
0501
0 *5
050 * 2018 $15,800 - $21,500
Drive System 4
050 2019 $23,500 - $36,400
Drive System
* *5
0505
0 *5
050 * 2019 $17,700 - $22,700
Fuel System 3
030 Fuel System
* *1
0501
0 *5
050 *
Electrical 5
Electrical
* *5
0505
0 *5
Climate Syst. 4
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *3
0105
0 *1
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
040
2010 - - -
Suspension
* *2
0505
0 *5
050 * 2010 Good 4/4 5/3
Brakes 5
050 2011 - - -
Brakes
* *5
0505
0 *5
050 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 4
050 2012 - - -
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0 *5
050 * 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
050 2013 - - - Paint/Trim
* *2
0505
0 *5
030 * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
030 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* *4
0304
0 *5
020 * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
* *3
0302
0 *5
050 * 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 1
030 Power Equip.
* *3
0405
0 *3
050 *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
040
2018 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *2
0403
0 *5
050 * 2018 Good 5/4 NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
010 2019 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict * *3
0101
0 3
050 * 2019 Good 5/4 NT

V 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Volkswagen CC Volkswagen Eos
The CC, a four-door coupe version of the VW Passat, is enjoyable The Eos convertible can be considered the successor to the
to drive, thanks to its agile and responsive handling and attractive Volkswagen Cabrio. It’s a Jetta-based four-seater equipped with
cabin. But style trumps function here, with less interior space, a folding metal hard top. One novel feature for a convertible is a
worse visibility, and more difficult access than the regular Passat. built-in sunroof that can be opened when the hardtop is closed. The
It seats only four, limiting its practicality further. The taut ride is seats are comfortable and interior fit and finish is impressive. Head-
compliant and composed, particularly on the highway. The 2.0-liter protecting curtain airbags are housed in the doors. Power comes
turbocharged four-cylinder engine pulls strongly and returns 24 mpg; from a 2.0-liter, turbocharged four-cylinder, with Volkswagen’s
a 3.6-liter V6 and all-wheel drive are optional. The bespoke interior is responsive sequential-shift DSG transmission. A 3.2-liter V6 was
very well-finished, but some controls are awkward to use or hard to available on 2007 to 2008 models. The manual transmission was
read. It was dropped after the 2017 model year, replaced by the new dropped in 2012. The final year of production was 2015.
Arteon in 2019.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags

2010 $5,200 - $6,400 2010 $5,700 - $6,400
Trouble Volkswagen CC Trouble Volkswagen Eos
Spots 2011 $5,700 - $7,800 Spots 2011 $6,800 - $7,500
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,700 - $9,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,300 - $8,600
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2013 $7,800 - $11,100 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2013 $9,900 - $11,600
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2014 $9,300 - $13,500 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2014 $12,000 - $13,400
2015 $11,500 - $16,300 2015 $14,900 - $17,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2016 $12,800 - $18,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2016 $18,000 - $18,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2017 $16,700 - $18,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 2015 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * 2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * * * 2019 - - -

V
Volkswagen Golf Volkswagen Golf SportWagen
The Golf has long been solid, practical, and fun-to-drive. Versions In updating the Jetta SportWagen to the Golf architecture,
with the diesel engine get great fuel economy, and they have among Volkswagen has renamed it the Golf SportWagen. A 170-hp, 1.8
the lowest depreciation of any cars, making them very cheap to own. liter gas-turbo is available with a five-speed manual or six-speed
An up-level GTI trim line is the sporty version. For 2007, a redesigned automatic. In our tests of the Golf with the 1.8-liter engine and
Golf was renamed the Rabbit, after the same car from the 1970s, automatic, we got 28 mpg overall. The new SportWagen is longer
and supplied with a responsive but gruff and inefficient 2.5-liter and wider than previous, and has as much cargo space as most
five-cylinder engine. We found its handling agile and secure and the small SUVs. It is available with features such as the Advanced Front-
ride fairly comfortable. The Golf name returned with the impressive lighting System and Park Distance Control. Volkswagen turned the
2010 redesign. We got 38 mpg overall from the diesel. Interior quality Golf Sportwagen into a small-SUV alternative by giving it a new
improved and the car had responsive handling, supportive front seats, name, the Alltrack, and equipped it with standard all-wheel drive
and a good ride. A wagon and a high-performance AWD Golf R were and slightly increased ground clearance.
added to the 2015 redesign. The 170-hp, 1.8-liter four-cylinder turbo,
that replaced the five-cylinder engine, is smoother and more refined. Redesign/Freshening: 2015.
Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2015. air bags standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
ESC available, standard from 2009.

2010 $5,300 - $6,600 2010 -
Trouble Volkswagen Golf Trouble Volkswagen Golf
Spots 2011 $5,700 - $7,700 Spots SportWagen 2011 -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,500 - $16,400 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 -
Engine, Major
* *5
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2013 $7,200 - $18,500 Engine, Major 5
0505
050 * 2013 -
Engine Minor
* *2
050 *5
0503
0505
0 2014 $9,500 - $10,300 Engine Minor 5
0505
010 * 2014 -
2015 $8,200 - $24,100 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* *5
050 *5
0504
0505
0
2016 $9,900 - $27,600
Engine Cooling 2
0305
050 * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* *4
050 *5
0505
0505
0
2017 $12,800 - $31,200
Trans. Major 5
0504
050 * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* *1
050 *4
0103
0505
0 2018 $14,500 - $35,400
Trans. Minor 5
0105
050 * 2018 -
Drive System
* *1
020 *4
0405
0504
0 2019 $16,000 - $38,600
Drive System 5
0505
050 * 2019 -
Fuel System
* *1
020 *1
0505
0505
0 Fuel System 2
0404
050 *
Electrical
* *4
040 *5
0505
0505
Electrical 5
0505
Climate Syst.
* *5
020 *4
0505
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0505
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *4
030 *5
0404
0504
0
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension 4
0505
040 * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* *2
020 *4
0305
0205
0 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 4
0504
050 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* *5
050 *4
0505
0504
0 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
050 * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *1
040 *5
0505
0405
0 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 4
0505
050 * 2013 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* *4
040 *2
0201
0501
0104
020 * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* *5
030 *5
0505
0505
0505
050 * 2015 Good NT NT
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* *3
050 *3
0405
0504
0 Power Equip. 4
0505
050 *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *2
050 *2
0405
0305
0
2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
0103
030 * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *3
030 *2
0303
0502
0 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0204
030 * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5

V 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Volkswagen GTI Volkswagen Jetta
A much-improved GTI, a sporty version of the Golf, arrived in 2006; The Jetta was long a bit of a jewel, a beautifully finished, sharp-
a four-door version became available in 2007. The 2010 redesign handling premium small car. The 2011 redesign brought a spacious
made the car even more engaging, with super-agile handling, a crisp rear seat, but it also had cheap interior materials and handling
shifter, and an invigorating exhaust note. The all-wheel-drive Golf R that wasn’t crisp. The car has been improved gradually since then.
isn’t that much more enjoyable to drive. The GTI excels at combining A hybrid debuted in 2013, and got 37 mpg. New for 2016 was a
everyday practicality with being fun-to-drive. It has a fairly civilized refined and energetic 1.4-liter turbocharged four-cylinder that got
ride and is relatively quiet. The hatchback adds versatility. Fit and 32 mpg overall in our testing. The 2019 redesign brought easy-to-use
finish is very good and the torso-hugging sports seats are supportive controls, a 1.4-liter four-cylinder that got 34 mpg overall in our tests,
yet comfortable. The GTI was redesigned for 2015. Updates for 2016 and an eight-speed automatic. Handling is competent but dull. The
included available adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning ride is absorbent but can be too stiff over some bumps. The interior
and automatic emergency braking. has a premium feel and is very roomy.

standard. standard.

2010 $7,200 - $7,900 2010 $4,700 - $8,400
Trouble Volkswagen GTI Trouble Volkswagen Jetta
Spots 2011 $8,200 - $9,500 Spots 2011 $5,200 - $7,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,600 - $10,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,800 - $8,000
Engine, Major
* *1
0 * *4
0405
050 * 2013 $10,800 - $13,200 Engine, Major 4
0 *2
0203
0305
0505
050 2013 $4,800 - $9,500
Engine Minor
* *1
0 * *3
0405
050 * 2014 $12,300 - $14,200 Engine Minor 0 *2
2 0103
0405
0505
050 2014 $6,000 - $11,600
2015 $13,500 - $16,600 2015 $8,400 - $13,800
Engine Cooling
* *1
0 * *2
0305
050 * 2016 $16,600 - $19,100
Engine Cooling 0 *4
5 0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $10,500 - $16,500
Trans. Major
* *4
0 * *4
0505
050 * 2017 $18,600 - $22,500
Trans. Major 0 *4
4 0305
0504
0505
050
2017 $12,500 - $18,400
Trans. Minor
* *1
0 * *5
0405
030 * 2018 $20,300 - $26,400
Trans. Minor 0 *5
3 0304
0405
0505
050 2018 $13,400 - $20,400
Drive System
* *4
0 * *5
0505
050 * 2019 $23,200 - $30,400
Drive System 0 *4
5 0405
0505
0503
050 2019 $14,900 - $23,700
Fuel System
* *2
0 * *4
0505
050 * Fuel System 0 *1
1 0104
0105
0505
040
Electrical
* *2
0 * *3
0505
Electrical 0 *4
5 0104
0405
0505
Climate Syst.
* *3
0 * *2
0504
040 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 0 *1
1 0304
0104
0305
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *5
0 * *4
0505
050 * 2010 NT 4/4 5/5
Suspension 0 *5
3 0201
0505
0504
050
2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* *5
0 * *3
0405
040 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 0 *3
3 0402
0504
0405
050 2011 Good 4/4 4/5
Exhaust
* *4
0 * *5
0505
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 0 *3
3 0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 4/5
Paint/Trim
* *1
0 * *5
0505
050 * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim 0 *5
1 0505
0504
0505
050 2013 Good 4/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks
* *1
0 * *1
0103
030 * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 0 *3
5 0304
0501
0405
040 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* *4
0 * *5
0505
040 * 2015 Good NT NT Body Hardware 0 *5
2 0405
0503
0405
040 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* *5
0 * *4
0201
050 * Power Equip. 0 *1
1 0102
0403
0305
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *3
0 * *4
0405
030 * 2018 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *4
1 0505
0303
0302
030
2018 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * *1
0 * *1
0204
030 * 2019 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 0*2
3 0103
0204
0304
020 2019 Good 4/4 5/5

V
Volkswagen Passat Volkswagen Tiguan
Volkswagen’s roomy mid-sized sedan had a comfortable, quiet ride, The original Tiguan bridged the gap between compact and luxury-
capable handling, and an interior that exuded quality. In 2006 the compact SUVs. We liked the quiet cabin, roomy rear seat, and
Passat was redesigned and grew larger. The 2.0-liter turbo four- excellent fit and finish, and the front seats are very supportive.
cylinder got 24 mpg while the quicker, stronger 3.6-liter V6 got 22 However, cargo room is quite modest. Handling is agile and secure,
mpg in our tests. AWD is available but makes the car slower and and the ride is comfortable, although beware of versions with the 19-
thirstier. Fit and finish remained excellent. The 2012 redesign brought inch tires; they’re noisier and ride stiffly. The 2.0-liter, turbocharged
lots of room front and rear but a step backward in fit and finish. The four-cylinder engine delivers smooth and punchy performance
turbo four-cylinder got good fuel economy and the car feels solid and yielded 20 mpg overall in our tests. For 2012, the Tiguan got a
and substantial with comfortable seats, and the massive trunks mild freshening, resulting in a boost in fuel economy. The second-
means it’s easy to carry luggage for four passengers. For 2014, a generation Tiguan debuted for 2018, grew larger, and offered a
1.8-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine replaced the base five- third-row seat. The cabin is among the quietest in the segment, with
cylinder to improve fuel economy and refinement. Forward collision just a bit of engine noise when revved. Fuel economy improved to 25
warning and blind spot warning became available for 2016. mpg overall.

standard. standard.

2010 $5,200 - $5,500 2010 $5,000 - $6,800
Trouble Volkswagen Passat Trouble Volkswagen Tiguan
Spots 2011 - Spots 2011 $5,800 - $7,900
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $5,700 - $8,600 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $6,700 - $9,100
Engine, Major
* 5
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2013 $6,500 - $9,300 Engine, Major
* *1
0101
0 *3
0505
050 2013 $8,000 - $10,200
Engine Minor
* 2
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2014 $7,500 - $11,000 Engine Minor
* *1
0102
0 *4
0505
050 2014 $9,100 - $13,500
2015 $9,300 - $13,700 2015 $10,500 - $15,400
Engine Cooling
* 5
0504
0505
0505
0 * 2016 $11,300 - $17,600
Engine Cooling
* *2
0203
0 *5
0505
050
2016 $11,700 - $16,300
Trans. Major
* 5
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2017 $12,900 - $18,300
Trans. Major
* *5
0305
0 *4
0505
050
2017 $13,200 - $18,600
Trans. Minor
* 4
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2018 $15,200 - $22,000
Trans. Minor
* *5
0505
0 *1
0504
050 2018 $17,000 - $25,900
Drive System
* 4
0505
0405
0505
0 * 2019 $18,200 - $20,900
Drive System
* *1
0205
0 *4
0504
050 2019 $18,600 - $29,200
Fuel System
* 3
0101
0105
0504
0 * Fuel System
* *5
0504
0 *5
0405
030
Electrical
* 4
0504
0505
0505
Electrical
* *5
0105
0 *5
0505
Climate Syst.
* 1
0503
0104
0504
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *5
0405
0 *4
0504
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* 2
0202
0404
0505
0 * 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension
* *5
0105
0 *3
0503
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* 2
0505
0203
0404
0 * 2011 - - -
Brakes
* *5
0101
0 *2
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* 5
0505
0405
0505
0 * 2012 Good 5/5 4/5
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0 *5
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* 5
0503
0505
0505
0 * 2013 Good 5/5 4/5 Paint/Trim
* *5
0502
0 *5
0504
030 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* 2
0405
0403
0505
* *2
0404
0 *1
0403
040 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware
* 5
0504
0504
0505
* *5
0305
0 *4
0505
040 2015 Good 4/3 5/5
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/3 5/5
Power Equip.
* 2
0203
0103
0204
0 * Power Equip.
* *5
0305
0 *2
0101
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/3 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 5
0302
0304
0202
0 * 2018 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* *5
0504
0 *4
0502
050
2018 Good NT 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * 3
0303
0204
0504
0 * 2019 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict * *1
0103
0 *1
0401
010 2019 Good NT 5/5

V 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Volkswagen Touareg Volvo C30
The Touareg is a luxury SUV co-developed with the Porsche This pleasant two-door, four-seat hatchback it isn’t really engaging
Cayenne. Unlike most car-derived SUVs, the first-generation Touareg to drive. Power comes from a hardworking turbocharged 2.5-liter,
was an impressive off-roader. On regular roads the ride is compliant, five-cylinder engine that delivered a reasonable 25 mpg overall.
though a bit jiggly at low speeds. The interior is very quiet. Handling The manual transmission shifts easily and smoothly. The ride is
is responsive, with sharp steering. The cargo area is slightly smaller compliant, and the cabin is relatively quiet. We found the C30 to be
than the Passat wagon’s and many controls are overly complicated. neither as agile nor as exciting as competitors like the Mini Cooper
The 3.6-liter V6 has a lot of weight to move, but it provides sufficient or VW GTI. Passengers will find a relatively comfortable interior that
performance. However, it’s on the slow side for this class, and gets works well even on the longest trips. It came equipped with standard
only 15 mpg in mixed driving on premium fuel. The 2011 redesign was curtain air bags; Volvo’s blind-spot warning system was optional.
a huge improvement: agile, solid, comfortable, and plush. The low- 2013 was the final year for the C30.
speed ride is overly firm; however, it is steady on the highway. The
Touareg was dropped after the 2017 model year. Redesign/Freshening: 2008.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: Front.
standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2010 $8,000 - $9,300 2010 $6,600 - $7,500
Trouble Volkswagen Touareg Trouble Volvo C30
Spots 2011 $9,600 - $12,900 Spots 2011 $7,500 - $8,700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $10,700 - $14,300 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,700 - $10,000
Engine, Major
* * * *4
0 *4
0 * 2013 $12,500 - $16,700 Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 $10,000 - $11,300
Engine Minor
* * * *5
0 *5
0 * 2014 $14,400 - $20,500 Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 -
2015 $17,300 - $25,300 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
0 *5
0 * 2016 $19,200 - $26,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * *5
0 *5
0 * 2017 $23,100 - $28,700
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * *4
0 *5
0 * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * *5
0 *5
0 * 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * 2019 -
Fuel System
* * * *1
0 *3
0 * Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
* * * *5
0 *4
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * *5
0 *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * *5
0 *5
0 * 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * *4
0 *5
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *5
0 *5
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * *5
0 *3
0 * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * *3
0 *5
0 * 2014 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * *4
0 *3
* * * * 2015 - - -
2016 Good NT NT 2016 - - -
Power Equip.
* * * *5
0 *3
0 * 2017 Good NT NT
Power Equip.
* * * * 2017 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * *5
0 *4
0 * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * *3
0 *3
0 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * 2019 - - -
238 USED
USED CAR BUYING
CARS GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS
CR.ORG/CARS
V
Volvo C70 Volvo S60/V60
The C70 coupe has nicely weighted steering and good brakes. Its The first-generation S60 sedan was more stylish than the boxy S70
2.4-liter turbo five-cylinder is very responsive in everyday driving. it replaced, but rather disappointing overall. A 2011 redesign made
Handling is capable and braking is good, but the ride is stiff. A the S60 much nicer, with agile handling and a taut, steady ride. The
convertible was also available, and was the only body style offered standard T5 is pretty lively but the top-level T6 is quicker and more
in 2004, the last year of production for this generation. A new C70 refined. Rear and side visibility are problematic. The interior is quiet
convertible with seating for four debuted for 2006, with a power- and well-finished, and the front seats are very comfortable. All wheel
operated retractable hardtop and a turbocharged five-cylinder drive was optional, and in 2015 the V60 wagon version was added.
engine. Handling is sound but the ride is a little stiff. The interior is The redesigned 2019 S60 is quiet, has an uncluttered and elegant
well finished. The C70 features the standard assortment of Volvo interior, and comfortable seats. The FWD T5’s energetic turbo four-
safety features. 2013 was the C70’s final year. cylinder returned 26 mpg overall in our tests. The T6 brings all-wheel
drive, plus a more powerful engine. In typical Volvo fashion, the
Redesign/Freshening: 2006. ride is stiff. Handling is sound but unexceptional. The infotainment
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags system is unintuitive.
standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. Redesign/Freshening: 2001, 2011, 2019.
standard.

2010 $7,200 - $7,200 2010 -
Trouble Volvo C70 Trouble Volvo S60/V60
Spots 2011 $8,300 - $8,300 Spots 2011 $8,800 - $8,800
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,800 - $9,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,500 - $15,400
Engine, Major
* * * * 2013 $12,300 - $12,300 Engine, Major
* *1
0201
0305
0505
0 * 2013 $9,100 - $16,600
Engine Minor
* * * * 2014 - Engine Minor
* *1
0104
0405
0505
0 * 2014 $10,800 - $18,100
2015 - 2015 $12,300 - $20,900
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2016 -
Engine Cooling
* *5
0204
0305
0505
0 * 2016 $14,700 - $24,300
Trans. Major
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Major
* *5
0503
0504
0505
0 * 2017 $18,300 - $28,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* *5
0303
0505
0505
0 * 2018 $21,800 - $30,200
Drive System
* * * * 2019 -
Drive System
* *5
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2019 $26,900 - $40,600
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System
* *5
0502
0504
0305
0 *
Electrical
Electrical
* *2
0505
0405
0505
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *2
0101
0504
0505
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Suspension
* *3
0201
0302
0405
0 * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes
* *3
0201
0303
0505
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2013 Good NT NT Paint/Trim
* *3
0305
0505
0505
0 * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2014 - - - Noises & Leaks
* *2
0501
0504
0304
0 * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * 2015 - - - Body Hardware
* *5
0405
0505
0505
0 * 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * Power Equip.
* *2
0101
0302
0304
0 *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* *1
0404
0305
0403
0 * 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * 2019 - - - Verdict * *3
0101
0303
0405
0 * 2019 Good NT NT

V 1 2 3 4 5
WORSE BETTER
Volvo S80, S90 Volvo XC60
Volvo’s flagship sedan was never a top contender in its class. It has The XC60 is a compact, upscale SUV that feels solid and substantial,
lots of interior room and secure handling, but some controls are but it isn’t as sporty as some competitors. The ride is stiff but
awkward. Volvo redesigned the S80 for 2007. The top trim has a V8 handling is responsive and secure at its limits. The 281-hp, 3.0-liter
engine and all-wheel drive, while the front-wheel-drive models use a turbo six-cylinder performs well, but fuel economy is a mediocre 17
3.2-liter six or a 3.0-liter turbo six. The rear seat is smaller than in the mpg overall. A 3.2-liter six is also available. Most exterior noises are
previous generation, the ride was stiff, and some controls remained well suppressed. The cabin is attractively finished with high-quality
confusing. Optional advanced driver assistance systems include materials and offers integrated child booster seats in the rear seat.
blind spot warning and active cruise control. 2016 was the final year The seats are well shaped and comfortable but rear leg room is a bit
for S80, which was replaced for 2017 with the all-new S90. It offers tight. A wide variety of advanced safety features were standard. The
two turbo four-cylinder engines and all-wheel drive. We recorded a second-generation XC60 debuted for 2018, sharing a platform with
decent 23 mpg overall. The S90 has a roomy, well-finished interior, XC90 and S90/V90. But the controls were confusing, ride was unduly
but the ride is and the controls are complex. stiff, and the engine sounded unpolished when revved.

standard. standard.

2010 $5,900 - $8,400 2010 $5,900 - $7,800
Trouble Volvo S80, S90 Trouble Volvo XC60
Spots 2011 $6,200 - $7,600 Spots 2011 $6,400 - $9,300
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $7,500 - $9,800 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,800 - $12,500
Engine, Major
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2013 $9,200 - $12,400 Engine, Major 5
0503
0403
0305
0505
050 2013 $10,600 - $15,400
Engine Minor
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2014 $11,100 - $14,900 Engine Minor 4
0405
0503
0405
0405
050 2014 $13,200 - $17,500
2015 $11,600 - $18,100 2015 $13,400 - $23,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2016 $13,900 - $16,100
Engine Cooling 5
0504
0505
0405
0505
050
2016 $16,700 - $27,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * *4
050 * 2017 $23,700 - $29,000
Trans. Major 5
0504
0405
0405
0505
050
2017 $22,000 - $31,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2018 $26,200 - $42,500
Trans. Minor 5
0503
0203
0505
0505
050 2018 $35,100 - $46,700
Drive System
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2019 $28,300 - $46,600
Drive System 2
0405
0501
0304
0505
050 2019 $35,000 - $50,500
Fuel System
* * * * * * *5
050 * Fuel System 3
0504
0405
0305
0405
050
Electrical
* * * * * * *5
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * *5
030 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0104
0304
0404
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * *3
040 * 2010 Good NT NT
Suspension 2
0504
0201
0504
0504
050
2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * *2
020 * 2011 Good NT NT
Brakes 5
0503
0404
0403
0305
030 2011 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * *5
050 * 2012 Good NT NT
Exhaust 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * *5
0104
0305
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * *3
0101
0103
0202
0404
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * *3
0402
0105
0505
0505
050 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * *3
0502
0104
0302
0304
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * *1
010 * 2018 Good NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0402
0101
0202
0502
030
2018 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict * * * * * * *2
0404
0302
0103
0403
010 2019 Good NT NT

V
Volvo XC70 ! Good Bet Volvo XC90
The V70 wagon was available with front or AWD, in addition to The XC90 SUV’s best qualities include its flexible interior,
a sporty R model and an SUV-like raised wagon, the XC70 Cross comfortable seats, and long list of safety features. However, its hefty
Country. The standard five-cylinder engine was available with a curb weight and underpowered engines detract from the driving
turbocharger, which improved acceleration dramatically. In our tests experience. For 2007 an adequately powerful 3.2-liter six-cylinder
of the XC70 Cross Country, the ride was stiff and unsettled, and arrived, but fuel economy was so-so. A Yamaha-built, 4.4-liter V8
handling was short on agility. The front seats provided excellent mated to a six-speed automatic brought significantly more power,
comfort. The roomy interior offered an optional third-row seat. making it the best version; it was dropped after 2011. The ride is stiff,
The 2008 redesign dropped the third row. Engine choices included but handling is responsive and secure. An all-new XC90 arrived for
two six-cylinder engines: a base 3.2-liter and a turbocharged 3.0. 2016, and it is a highly-capable and competitive three-row SUV.
Performance is adequate, but the XC70 averaged just 18 mpg. The Handling is commendable, but the ride is stiff. The interior is quiet,
V70 disappeared after 2010 and the XC70 after 2016. plush, and modern, with incredibly comfortable seats. The touch-
screen infotainment system is frustrating to use, however.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard.

2010 - 2010 $6,100 - $9,100
Trouble Volvo XC70 Trouble Volvo XC90
Spots 2011 $8,300 - $11,000 Spots 2011 $7,500 - $10,200
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $9,700 - $13,700 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012 $8,400 - $12,300
Engine, Major
*5
050 *5
050 2013 $11,000 - $16,400 Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
0505
050 2013 $10,200 - $14,300
Engine Minor
*4
040 *5
050 2014 $13,000 - $18,500 Engine Minor
* * * * * *4
0505
050 2014 $13,000 - $17,500
2015 $15,800 - $23,800 2015 -
Engine Cooling
*5
040 *5
050
2016 $17,900 - $24,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
0505
050
2016 $25,400 - $37,200
Trans. Major
*5
050 *5
050
2017 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
0505
050
2017 $30,000 - $57,300
Trans. Minor
*1
040 *5
050 2018 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *5
0505
050 2018 $34,900 - $66,600
Drive System
*4
050 *4
050 2019 -
Drive System
* * * * * *4
0304
040 2019 $38,700 - $75,100
Fuel System
*4
050 *4
050 Fuel System
* * * * * *4
0502
050
Electrical
*4
050 *5
Electrical
* * * * * *3
0505
Climate Syst.
*4
040 *3
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *3
0304
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
030 *5
050
2010 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * *5
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*3
050 *3
050 2011 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * *1
0102
030 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*5
050 *5
050 2012 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*5
050 *4
* * * * * *5
0405
050 2013 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*1
040 *3
* * * * * *1
0302
050 2014 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
*4
050 *3
* * * * * *3
0205
040 2015 NT NT NT
2016 NT NT NT 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*3
050 *4
050 Power Equip.
* * * * * *1
0305
050
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
*4
010 *5
040
2018 - - -
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * *1
0101
010
2018 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict *4
050104
050 2019 - - - Verdict * * * * * *1
0101
010 2019 Good 5/5 5/5

2020-04-01 Used Car Buying Guide PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2020-04-01 Used Car Buying Guide PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Best Appliances,

Looking for the

Get independent, unbiased information

These special publications can be found at newsstands nationwide

CARS + MODEL WEAK

FIND OUT IF YOUR CAR

Car Recall Tracker™ keeps you

Check out Car Recall Tracker™ at cr.org/membership

4 Should You Buy CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 6

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 1

2 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

is home to some 30 staff members—

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 3

Should You Buy a

4 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

If you want If you

Do you Have your

Do you want Do you want

What’s CR’s Are you

verdict for aftermarket

Buy a 2- or Upgrade your

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 5

Savvy buyers know that used cars are great

Why Buy Used?

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 9

Focus on Your Needs

carry? Most vehicles will accommodate

to carry more people, look for a vehicle

10 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars 10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars

electronic stability control. If and invite young drivers to bring

TOP USED CARS get a car equipped with AEB, so

FOR TEEN DRIVERS assistance those systems can

standard ESC. To help you find the best

12 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 13

a computer-shifted manual transmis-

traction do you need? Most vehicles

14 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 15

16 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

Forward collision warning

replace them entirely.

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 17

are available at safercar.gov.

for roof strength. During a rollover,

rear-end accidents have a low fatality

18 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

to avoid a collision, in addition to steps lasers, radar, cameras, or a combina-

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 19

2015 Porsche 911 2017 Genesis G90

ers higher satisfaction.

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 21

Most & Least Satisfying Vehicles

Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction

22 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 23

Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction

GMC Yukon 79 LARGE SUVS

24 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

COMPACT PICKUP TRUCKS FULL-SIZED PICKUP TRUCKS

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 25

WORST USED CARS