Animal Presence Detection for Elephants and Extruding

Methods

SHAFEEQ K
shafeeqtk123009@gmail.com

Guide-Dr.Anitha R
Department of Electronics and Communication
GEC Sreekrishnapuram

November 12, 2019

OVERVIEW

• Introduction
• Solar Electric Fencing
• Elephant detection
• extruding methords
• Advantages
• Conclusion
• References

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INTRODUCTION

Conflict between elephants and humans has recently increased.Human–Elephant conflict refers
to the interaction between Elephants and people and the resultant negative impact on people
or their resources or their habitat.When elephants and humans interact, there is conflict from
crop raiding, injuries and deaths to humans caused by elephants, and elephants being killed by
humans for reasons other than ivory and habitat degradation.

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ELECTRIC FENCING

• It consists of Energiser,Battery,Solar panel and Fence wire

• Energizer:Energiser is to convert power (from mains, battery and solar) to pulses and
push them down the electric fence line. The pulses are of high voltage and low amperage
• Battery and solar panel:Solar panel connected to battery.Normaly daytime battery will
charge using solar power.Electric fence will be in deactivated state.

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ELECTRIC FENCING

Figure: 1

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ELEPHANT DETECTION AND EXTRUDING

• Elephant detection
• Extruding methords

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ELEPHANT DETECTION-BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure: 2

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ELEPHANT DETECTION

Figure: 3

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PIR SENSOR

• A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR)
light radiating from objects in its field of view
• Motion detector/body heat detection
• motion detection use light sensors to detect either the presence of infrared light emitted
from a warm object or absence of infrared light when a object interrupts a beam emitted
by another part of the device.
• It consists of pyro electric sensors which introduce changes in their temperature (due to
incident infrared radiation) into electric signal. When infrared light strikes a crystal, it
generates an electrical charge.
• security alarms and automatic lighting applications.

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PIR SENSOR

Figure: 4

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PIR SENSOR

• It has two slots-Each slot is made of a special material that is sensitive to IR

• The lens used for dividing two region
• When the sensor is idle, both slots detect the same amount of IR
• When a warm body like a human or animal passes by, it first intercepts one half of the
PIR sensor, which causes a positive differential change between the two halves
• When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the reverse happens, whereby the sensor
generates a negative differential change.
• These change pulses are what is detected.

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MICROWAVE SENSOR

• It is a device that detects moving objects

• Its emitting microwave beam over a designated area
• It uses electromagnetic radiation
• It emits waves which are then reflected back to the receiver
• The receiver analyzes the waves that are bounced back. If there is an object
• The microwave detector is able to identify changes from moment to moment. Ideally, the
receiver should be receiving the same waves back again and again.

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nRF24L01

• NRF24L01 is a wireless transceiver

• Used to send and receive data by using radio waves of 2.4 to 2.5 GHz ISM band.
• It uses SPI protocol for transmitting data
• Its data transmission speed is up to 2Mbps
• This module has a compact size, and can easily be used in confined spaces
• This module is designed to operate at 3.3 volts.

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ELEPHANT EXTRUDING-BLOCK DIAGRAM(Bee Simulator)

Figure: 5

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ELEPHANT EXTRUDING-(Bee Simulator)

• The nrf2401 receives the information send by the transmitter

• Micro controller like arduino will process the input signal
• Battery will power the entire system
• The sound of bees are stored in micro controller
• Then its send to speaker

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WORKING-ANIMAL DETECTION AND EXTRUDING

• Its an automated system

• Detection of animal using Passive Infrared Sensor (body heat sensor) and digital
microwave sensor (motion sensor).
• The entire system consist of a combination of these two sensors and tripwire system
• Tripwire system uses two ropes tied to a pole.
• The first rope has a height of 0.5 meters and a second rope with a height of 2 meters
from the ground
• If both ropes detached from the detection tool then the sensor will light, so that the
sensor will detect the presence of elephants.

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WORKING-ANIMAL DETECTION AND EXTRUDING

• If only one of the ropes is detached, then the sensor will not turn on
• The PIR sensor responds to the energy of the passive infrared emission that any object
detects by it.
• The heat energy emitted by an absolute elephant will be captured by the PIR sensor
• Microwave sensors detect motion with doppler effect
• When an RF signal is transmitted about a moving object, the signal will be reflected with
a frequency that shifts according to the distance between the signal source and the target
• The readings from both sensors will be sent to the warning device using nRF24L01.

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WORKING-ANIMAL DETECTION AND EXTRUDING

• Using radio frequencies, the transmitted data has a small error rate.
• The receiver will receive a digital data reading from the transmitter and the data will be
processed by the Arduino
• If the data matches the condition that the elephant is selected.
• Then the bee simulator will active.Speaker will produce sound.
• Elephant will think honey bee out of the stup and become more aggressive, so that the
elephant that will cross the nest will be disturbed.
• honey bee out of the stup and become more aggressive, so that the elephant that will
cross the nest will be disturbed by the honey bee

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FLOW DIAGRAM-ANIMAL DETECTION AND EXTRUDING

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ELEPHANT DETECTION AND EXTRUDING-IMAGE PROCESSING

• The device detects the animals in real time

• With the help of camera, pictures are taken and using image processing algorithms we
conclude whether the animal is present or not.
• If the animal is present the APR 9600 voice playback gives the sound of the animal
detected and the flash light gets activated as soon as the animal detected
• Apr 9600 Voice Module;Single-Chip Voice Recording Playback Device, High-quality voice
recording playback solution,Non-volatile Flash memory technology

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ELEPHANT DETECTION AND EXTRUDING-IMAGE PROCESSING

Figure: 7

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ELEPHANT DETECTION AND EXTRUDING-IMAGE PROCESSING

• Raspberry Pi3;The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, small sized computer

• Relay;Control 240v using 5v
• Camera;The camera used is 10 megapixels and has a focal length of 3.5mm and it is used
to take pictures of the elephants for every 3seconds according to the algorithm.The
camera gets interfaced through the raspberry pi using USB cable. When match=0 the
camera module turns ON. The camera separates the images into many pixels and
converts it in grey scale so that algorithm can match the descriptors.
• The focus light is used to focus on the animals it is activated once the animals are
detected. The relay is connected to the focus light. After the elephant is detected the
relay circuit go to close loop condition and the focus light turns ON.

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ELEPHANT DETECTION AND EXTRUDING-RF TAG

Figure: 8

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IOT ENABLED SMART ELEPHANT SYSTEM

Figure: 9

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ELEPHANT EXTRUDING-NATURAL REPELENT

• Beehive fencing; for instance, elephants are repelled by the sound of honey bees; this
practice is beneficial as it serves as an extra source of income
• Smoke; in some areas farmers burn elephant dung or other materials that smolder and
create heavy smoke
• Chili peppers; the chemical Capsaicin makes chili peppers hot; an excellent repellent
against elephants, monkeys, squirrels, and some other wild animals; farmers who plant
chili peppers will also benefit from an extra source of income
• Chemical repelents; active substances such as Anthraquinone, Butanethiol, and Methyl
Anthranilate can be used to keep wild animals away from crops
• Ultrasonic electronic repellent; silent to humans, high-frequency sound waves repel wild
animals
• Sonic electronic repellent; audible noise that scares animals

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ADVANTAGES

• cost effective
• Wild animals other than elephant can be warded off
• Automatic system

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CONCLUSION

Automatic Elephant presence detection and extrusion can be concluded that that the PIR
sensor could detect objects in the range of 1 - 9 meters with 180 degrees range angle and the
microwave sensor could detect objects in the range of 1-16 meters and data transmission using
NRF24L01 can be received intact without any barrier with distance of 0-200 meters, while
when there is a barrier with a distance of 0 - 200 meters of data can not be received intact. So
reading from this system is wide enough to read the existence of elephant. Besides, the sensor
sensitivity level is quite good in the outside and combination with tripwire becomes more
precise in elephant detecting. By using a vibrating trigger that is placed in the bee stup,
making the bees respond quickly to the surrounding environment. So that the elephant that
will approach the beehive will be disturbed by the sound and sting of the bee.

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REFRENCES

• Animal Presence Detection for Elephants and Extruding Method Based on Bee Frequency
Eka Maulana, Candra Sabdana Nugroho, Ana Bella DianismaPublished in Electrical
Power, Electronics. . . 2018 DOI:10.1109/EECCIS.2018.8692992
• https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/new-buzz-elephant-conservation-
bee-scented-repellent
• R. M. Cook, F. Parrini, L.E .King, E.T.F. Witkowski, and M.D. Henley, “African
Honeybees as a mitigation method for elephant impacts on trees,” University of Oxford,
Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK, vol. A247, pp. 329–336,
November 2017.
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250928842 Passive Infrared PIR Sensor Based
Security System

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REFRENCES

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWPMoFSPhtI
• https://www.academia.edu/38499392/DETECTION OF WILD ELEPHANTS USING
IMAGE PROCESSING ON RASPBERRY PI3
• A SMART FARMLAND USING RASPBERRY PI CROP PREVENTION AND ANIMAL
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM S. Santhiya1, Y. Dhamodharan2, N E. Kavi Priya3,
C S. Santhosh4, M.Surekha5
• IoT-Enabled Smart Elephant Detection System for Combating Human Elephant Conflict
Mohamed Fazil Mohamed Firdhous Dept. of Information Technology University of
Moratuwa Sri Lanka firdhous@uom.lk

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 Thank You!

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