G58 Report

UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
THIRD TRIMESTER FIELD PRACTICAL PROGRAM (TTFPP)
COMMUNITY PROFILE OF JATO ZONGO IN THE ATEBUBU-AMANTIN

MUNICIPAL OF BONO EAST REGION, GHANA.
SUMMITED BY: GROUP 58 (2018/2019)
COORDINATOR: DR. OSMAN T. DAMBA
TO THE UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (UDS)

COMMUNITY PROFILE OF JATO ZONGO COMMUNITY
PRESENTATION
This is the community profile of the Jato Zongo community in the Atebubu-Amantin Municipal
of the Bono East Region of Ghana prepared by group Fifty-Eight (58) and presented to the
University for Development Studies. This is the first of the two stages in the Third Trimester
Field Practical Program (TTFPP) which plays a part in obtaining the first degree in various fields
of study in the university.
LIST OF GROUP 58 MEMBERS
STUDENT ID STUDENT NAME
DFC/0071/18 FORSON SALAMATU
DFC/0072/18 ASUMNAYA ANGELA
AGT/0050/18 OSEI KOFI DOMINIC
AGT/0051/18 ABDUL AZIZ ABDUL MAJEED
AGT/0052/18 MOHAMMED HARDI IBRAHIM
DSC/0057/18 BUABENG FOSUA PRISCILLA
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DSC/0056/18 YUSSIF HUMAIYA
BMB/0025/18 ABDULLAH MOHAMMED MUNTALA
AGB/0025/18 YAHAYA ANDAMAH
AGB/0024/18 SALIFU CHRISTOPHER
MEN/0015/18 KORSAH KWEGYIR NANA
MEN/0016/18 AMEXO YAO CHRISTIAN
PREFACE
This report contains a comprehensive profile of all spheres of life of the people of Jato Zongo
Community in the Atebubu-Amantin Municipal in the Bono East Region of Ghana. The group
combined both primary and secondary data from reliable sources to produce a clear and
comprehensive profile as well as the potentials and problems of Jato Zongo community. It has
been categorized into units: natural resources and environment, population characteristics, social
development, economic development, historical and local governance, community problems and
potentials emanating from the community profile.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Obviously a noble work like this cannot be done faithfully without any difficulties. However,
with the Spirit and guidance of God, the compilation of this report has become a successful one.
Our sincere gratitude goes to our coordinator, Dr. Osman T. Damba for his advice and
supervision and the entire lecturers who took us through orientation for the success of this unique
program. Our profound gratitude goes to the chief of the land, Nana Bawa Shaibu and his elders
for their warm welcome and aiding in our accommodation and feeding. We are grateful to the
District Chief Executive and Hon. Abdullah Ahmed the assemblyman of Jato Zongo community
for their cooperation, support and guidance and also the headmasters and teachers of Jato Zongo
D/A Primary and Junior high school. Again, a big thank you to Mr Dunia Yaw David for being
there for us throughout our stay in the community, not forgetting Hon. Owusu Kwaku the Unit
committee Chairman and the Pastors and Imams for their support both physically and spiritually
towards us. Finally, we are grateful to all the inhabitants of Jato Zongo community for their
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warm reception and immerse support and contribution during our research work. The group
members are also recognized for their hard work and understanding that has made this work a
great success.
CONTENT
S
UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES..................................................................................i
PRESENTATION......................................................................................................................................i
PREFACE..................................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................1
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE TTFPP......................................................................................1
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FOR YEAR ONE TTFPP........................................................................2
TASK FOR YEAR ONE.......................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES..........................................................................................................2
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS...................................................................................................................3
[UNIT 1.0] NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT............................................................4
1.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCE BASE....................................................................................................4
1.1.1 LOCATION..............................................................................................................................4
1.1.2 RELIEF.....................................................................................................................................4
1.1.3 DRAINAGE..............................................................................................................................4
1.1.4 CLIMATE.................................................................................................................................5
1.1.5 VEGETATION.........................................................................................................................5
1.1.6 GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPE................................................................................................6
ECONOMIC IMPLICATION..........................................................................................................7
MAJOR FINDINGS..........................................................................................................................7
1.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE BASE...............................................................................................8
1.2.1 PLANTS....................................................................................................................................8
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1.2.2 ANIMALS.................................................................................................................................8
1.2.3 FOREST TYPE.........................................................................................................................9
MAJOR FINDINGS..........................................................................................................................9
1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES......................................................................................................10
CONDITIONS OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT..............................................................10
1.3.2 BUILT ENVIRONMENT......................................................................................................10
1.3.3 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION..........................................................11
MAJOR FINDINGS........................................................................................................................11
[UNIT 2.0] POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS..............................................................................12
2.1 POPULATION SIZE.....................................................................................................................12
2.2 AGE- SEX STRUCTURE.............................................................................................................12
LABOR FORCE:.............................................................................................................................14
2.2.2 AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO:..............................................................................................14
2.3 POPULATION DENSITY............................................................................................................15
2.4.0 HOUSEHOLD SIZE...................................................................................................................15
2.5.0 FERTILITY AND MORTALITY RATE.................................................................................16
2.6 MIGRATION.................................................................................................................................17
2.7.0 MAJOR FINDINGS...................................................................................................................17
[UNIT 3] SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT...................................................................................................18
3.1.0 RELIGION..................................................................................................................................18
ETHNICITY, KINSHIP, VALUES & NORMS, TABOOS, AND MARRIAGE SYSTEM...........19
3.2.2 KINSHIP.................................................................................................................................20
3.3 GENDER ISSUES.........................................................................................................................22
3.4.0 EDUCATION..............................................................................................................................22
3.4.2 SCHOOL DROP-OUT RATE...............................................................................................25
3.4.3 LITERACY RATE (L.R).......................................................................................................25
3.4.5 EDUCATIONAL STATUS....................................................................................................27
3.4.6 CONDITIONS OF THE SCHOOL.......................................................................................28
3.4.7 TRENDS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PUPIL IN GENERAL..............31
3.4.8 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR..............................31
3.5.0 HEALTH.....................................................................................................................................32
3.5.1 NUMBER AND TYPE OF HEALTH INSTITUTION........................................................32
3.5.1 PHARMACEUTICAL FACILITIES....................................................................................32
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3.5.2 DOCTOR TO PATIENT RATIO..........................................................................................32

3.5.3 NURSE TO PATIENT RATIO (NPR)..................................................................................33
.5.4 TOP 10 PREVALANT DISEASES IN JATO ZONGO COMMUNITY..............................34
3.5.6 STATE AND CONDITIONS OF THE HEALTH FACILITY...........................................34
3.5.7 TRADITIONAL HEALTH FACILITIES............................................................................34
3.5.7 TRADITIONAL HEALERS..................................................................................................35
3.6.0 HOUSING...................................................................................................................................36
STATE OF HOUSE.........................................................................................................................39
HOUSING PROBLEM IN THE COMMUNITY..........................................................................39
3.7.0 WATER AND SANITATION....................................................................................................40
3.7.1 WATER.......................................................................................................................................40
3.7.2 SANITATION.............................................................................................................................41
WASTE DISPOSAL........................................................................................................................41
STATE AND MANAGEMENT OF LIQUID AND SOLID WASTE..........................................41
DRAINAGE SITUATION..............................................................................................................41
3.7.3 MAJOR FINDINGS...................................................................................................................42
[UNIT 4] ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................43
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (UR).......................................................................................................43
4.3.0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION..........................................................................................44
4.3.1 NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE..............................................44
`4.3.3 ANIMAL PRODUCTION....................................................................................................48
4.3.4.0 AGRICULTURAL SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS.......................................................49
4.3.5 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR..................49
4.4.0 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY........................................................................................................50
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN PITO BREWING................................................52
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN CHARCOAL BURNING...................................53
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT..........................................................................................................54
TYPES OF OWNERSHIP..................................................................................................................54
METHOD OF PRODUCTION..........................................................................................................54
PROBLEMS IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR...............................................................................55
POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE INDUSTRIES........................................................55
4.5.0 COMMERCE AND SERVICES...............................................................................................55
4.5.2 PERIODIC MARKET............................................................................................................56
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4.5.3 FINANCE AND BANKING SERVICE................................................................................56

TOURISM........................................................................................................................................57
4.5.4 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES...................................................................................57
4.6.0 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE....................................................................57
4.6.1 HOUSEHOLD INCOME.......................................................................................................57
4.6.2 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURRE........................................................................................57
4.6.3 INCOME DISTRIBUTION...................................................................................................59
INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS.......................................................................................60
4.7.0 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION...............................................................................62
4.7.1 TRANSPORT..........................................................................................................................62
4.7.2 COMMUNICATION..............................................................................................................63
4.8.0 ENERGY.....................................................................................................................................64
4.8.1 SOURCES OF ENERGY USED............................................................................................64
4.8.2 PROBLEMS OF ENERGY USED IN THE COMMUNITY...............................................64
4.9.0 MAJOR FINDINGS...................................................................................................................64
[UNIT 5] HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE...................................................................65
5.1.1 TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM.................................................................................66
5.1.2 MODERN POLITICAL STRUCTURE................................................................................68
5.1.3 INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERN AND TRADITIONAL POLITICAL
SYSYTEM........................................................................................................................................69
5.2.1NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION..........................................................................70
5.3.1 EXISTING INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATION...........................................................70
COMMUNITY INITIATED AND ONGOING PROJECTS...........................................................71
[UNIT 6] COMMUNITY PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS EMANATING FROM THE
COMMUNITY PROFILE......................................................................................................................72
THE COMMUNITY PROFILE.........................................................................................................72
6.1.0 PAIRWISE RANKING..............................................................................................................72
PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................73
SWOT ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................................73
6.1 NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT......................................................................77
6.2 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS.......................................................................................77
6.3 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT..........................................................................................................78
6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT..................................................................................................78
6.5 HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE..........................................................................79
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[UNIT 7] CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................80

7.1 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................80
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................81
APPENDICES......................................................................................................................................82
COMMUNITY LAYOUT OF JATO ZONGO.....................................................................................83
DISTRICT MAP OF ATEBUBU-AMANTIN.......................................................................................84
REFERENCE..........................................................................................................................................84
QUESTIONNAIRES...............................................................................................................................84
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is a detailed account of the research and findings obtained in Jato Zongo community
by group Fifty-Eight (58) students of the University for Development Studies, Nyankpala
campus. Jato Zongo is located in Atebubu-Amantin Municipal of the Bono East Region of
Ghana. It is about 15km away from the municipal capital and located within latitudes 7o 39’ 0’’
N and longitudes 1⁰ 4’ 0’’ W. It is the third largest community in the Municipal with a total area
of about 40km2 excluding farmlands. The vegetation is interior savannah or tree savannah with
heavily wooded trees, though most of the trees are not as tall and gigantic as those in the moist
deciduous forest. Economic trees such as mango, dawadawa, acacia etc. are present. The sandy
loam nature of soil helps in agricultural activities. The total population of Jato Zongo community
is four thousand two hundred and sixty (4260) with two thousand four hundred and fifty-five
(2455) being males and one thousand eight hundred and five (1805) being females. Out of the
total population, two thousand two hundred and eighty-six (2286) are perceived to be active,
hence fall within the active labor force representing 53.66% of the total population. The
community is dominated by Christians representing 50.40% with some Muslims and very few
Traditionalists. Konkombas are the majority in the community having 17.75% of the total
population, and farming being the major occupation, some major crops grown are maize, beans,
yam, garden eggs etc. and that of animals; sheep, goats and domestic fouls. There are few rural
and forest related industries like charcoal burning and pito brewing. The community has a basic
school (KG to JHS), CHPS compound and the availability of traditional healers and TBAs. It
lacks social amenities like community center, video/cinema center, and well-structured market as
well as inadequate school infrastructures. There is a cordial relationship between both modern
and traditional political systems in the community. The community is facing so many challenges,
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such as poor road conditions, high illiteracy rate, inadequate power supply, lack of toilet
facilities, teenage pregnancy, army worm infestation, lack of SHS School and others. Critical
surveillance of the above challenges call on Government, NGOs, stakeholders and other
philanthropists to come to the aid of the community in terms of developmental projects that will
uplift the standard of living of the people of Jato Zongo community.
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INTRODUCTION
The University for Development Studies has adopted practically oriented methodologies to
teaching and learning, research and outreach services as a means of fulfilling its mandates of
blending the academic work with that of the community in order to provide constructive
interaction between the two for the total development of Northern Ghana in particular and the
country as a whole. As an integral component of this approach in the Third Trimester Field
Practical Program (TTFPP) in accordance with the PNDC law 279 (1992). It involves a team of
students from different programs of their individual campuses of the university living and
working together in selected communities. The program covers two phases engaging students
from first year through to second year in a single community. The work of each year built on the
other in a dynamic manner. This is a concise profile compiled by group 58 for the first year
Third Trimester Field Practical Program as students of the University for Development studies
from June 2019 to July 2019.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE TTFPP
The general objectives of the integrated TTFPP are:
I. To help students to develop favorable attitudes towards working in the rural and
deprived communities.
II. It exposes students practically to the nature of the development problems of Northern
Ghana (Upper East, Upper West, Northern and Brong – Ahafo Region) in particular
and the country as a whole.
III. It provides useful services to Ghanaian rural communities through the exchange of
knowledge and its application to address the felt needs and aspirations of these
communities.
IV. To generate data for further research into problem-solving development issues, and
other purposes.
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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FOR YEAR ONE TTFPP

The specific objectives are to:
I. Equip students with the basic tools, techniques and skills required for the community
studies.
II. Introduce students to community studies through living in and working with
communities.
III. Introduce students to the need to blend traditional knowledge with scientific
knowledge in their community studies.
IV. Assist students to apply the methods and experiences acquired to collects relevant
data, analyze the data and on that bases write a comprehensive community profile.
TASK FOR YEAR ONE

During our stay in the community, we are expected to:
I. Go through the community entry process.
II. Collect information and data on all aspects of the community.
III. Analyze information and data and write a comprehensive group report on profile,
problems and potentials of the study community and present a draft copy in soft and
hard versions for assessment in the field. A final type-written copy is expected in the
second week of first trimester in year two.
IV. Keep field notebooks in which we make daily entries of activities undertaken and the
outcome of the activities.
V. Make oral presentation of the results of the community study as a group and defend
our individual participation.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
In spite of the problems encountered, the success of the compilation of our report on our research
work relied greatly on the methodologies and techniques we employed. Below are the methods
the group adopted in our quest to getting the best results in our community research.
 QUESTIONNAIRE(S): This was prepared by the group to help in collecting personal
data from members of the community especially on the population characteristics.
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 TRANSECT WALK AND OBSERVATION: The group adopted this method in the
quest of knowing the geographical nature of the environment and also the social
amenities, kinds of services and the boundaries of the community.
 KEY INFORMANT: The group adopted this technique to seek information from
opinion leaders such as the Chief, Elders, Assembly man and others and also helped us to
get the historical and cultural related aspect of the community
 SECONDARY DATA: The group visited the municipal assembly for various pieces of
information.
 GROUP DISCUSSION: The group adopted this method a number of times in discussing
issues before arriving at the final report. Some areas of discussion include: planning for
activities, constructing questionnaires and deliberating on the data collected. This helped
us arrive at useful information after a period of deliberation.
 FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION: This method was adopted by the group to help us
with getting the general problem of the community and going about with the pair wise
ranking. It was done in a form of an open forum.
 RANDOM SAMPLING: This was employed to gather information on the income
distribution
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
LANGUAGE BARRIER: The Twi language was not understood by some of our group
members and the availability of a translator during some interviews in the day and our research
time was a bit a problem due to their farming activities.
TRANSPORTATION: Transportation from our community to the municipal assembly was also
a problem. Most often the means to these places were not available hence hindering and delaying
our research activities such as collecting of secondary data.
POOR RECORD KEEPING BY NATIVES: Most of the natives were uncertain of their ages,
household size, income level etc. and this brought about the difficulties in getting the actual
information.
MISCONCEPTION: Some of the natives were reluctant in giving the group the necessary
information because of the unfulfilling promises made by certain bodies years back.
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[UNIT 1.0] NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT

1.1 PHYSICAL RESOURCE BASE
In general, the physical environment in which man finds himself, to a large extent determines
and affects the socio-economic conditions of the population who dwell in it. This section aims at
describing the location and size, geology, relief and drainage, climate and soils of the Jato Zongo
community as well as their implications for the development of the Community.
1.1.1 LOCATION
The Jato Zongo community is one of the communities in the Atebubu-Amantin Municipal in the
Bono East Region of Ghana. The community lies south east and south west to the regional and
municipal context respectively. It is bordered to the North by Purusu No.1, to the South by
Yaburuku to the East by Jompa and to the West by Sampa. It is located between latitudes 7o 39’
0’’ N and longitudes 1⁰ 4’ 0’’ W. It is the third largest community in the Municipal with a total
area of about 40km2.
1.1.2 RELIEF
In terms of relief, the municipal in general, has a plain landscape with rolling and undulating
land surface, a general elevation of between 60-300 meters above sea level. The community is
not associated with any significant highlands or hills. The community is gently sloped to its
western part and lies entirely in a lowland area with an elevation of not more than 200m above
sea level.
1.1.3 DRAINAGE
In terms of drainage, there is no river or lake in the community, however, a small dam called
‘Nyansoro’ is found outside the borders of the community which is almost midway between the
next community and Jato Zongo at the southern part. This dam is considered as a deity which the
people offer rituals every year. It is believed that this dam does not get dried during dry season
since it existed before the community originated.
The water table in the Community is however very low, resulting in the drying of water bodies
including wells and boreholes especially during the dry season
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1.1.4 CLIMATE
The community experiences the tropical continental or interior savannah type of climate; which
is a modified form of the wet semi-equatorial type of climate. This is due to the location of the
community in the transitional zone, (between the two major climatic regions in Ghana.) The
mean monthly temperature ranges from 30℃ in March to 24℃ in August. The mean annual
temperature ranges between 26.5℃ and 27.2℃. In extreme cases temperatures rise to about
40℃. The community comes under the influence of the Northeast Trade Winds (Harmattan)
between November and March/April. The total annual rainfall is between 1,400 mm to 1,800
mm and occurs in two seasons. The first rainy season begins in May or June whilst the second
rainy season begins in September or October. The difference between the minor and the major
seasons is hardly noticed because of the transitional nature of the area
1.1.5 VEGETATION
The community falls within the interior wooded Savanna or tree Savanna. However, owing to its
transitional nature, the area does not totally exhibit typical Savanna conditions. The Savanna is
heavily wooded, though most of the trees are not as tall and gigantic as those in the moist
deciduous forest. It is believed that the transitional zone was once forested and that the Savanna
conditions currently prevailing have been the result of human activities. The common trees
species found in the community include Baobab, Dawadawa, Acacia, Neem, Teak, Mango and
Shea nut trees, which have adapted to this environment. Grass grows in tussocks and can reach a
height of 10 feet or more. There is a marked change in the plant life of this vegetation zone
during the different seasons of the year. In the wet season, the area looks green as trees blossom
and grass shoot up rapidly. However, soon after the rains, leaves begin to wither and the trees
begin to shed their leaves. The whole area soon looks parched and desolate
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1.1.6 GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPE

The rocks underlying the Jato Zongo community are part of the Voltaian formation which covers
about two-fifths of the surface area of Ghana. The rocks belonging to this formation are mainly
sedimentary and exhibit horizontal alignments. Sandstones, shale, mudstones and limestone are
the principal examples of these rocks. This formation has a demerit of posing difficulty in terms
of underground water exploitation.
Soils in the community belong to a group called “groundwater lateritic soils” which cover nearly
three-fifths of the interior wooded Savanna zone of Ghana. These soils are formed mainly over
Volta inhale and granites. Most of the soils are fine-textured, ranging from fine sandy loams to
clayey loams, and are mostly poorly drained. Crops that can potentially be supported by these
soils include rice, vegetables, yams, cassava, maize, sorghum, groundnuts, soya beans, cowpeas
and tobacco.
Geology and soil type of Jato Zongo community
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ECONOMIC IMPLICATION
The physical characteristics of the Jato Zongo contain a basket of potentials that can be tapped
for the socio-economic development of the area.
 The soil type supports the cultivation of cereals and legumes.

 The construction of the Jato Zongo–Yeji road opens and enhances vehicular traffic on
this road linking the northern and the southern sectors of the country. This positioning
has the potential of increasing the marketing potential of the community and its
district and opening it up for investment.
 There is abundant land for farming and other socio-economic activities. The
comparatively easy process of acquiring agricultural land in the community buttresses
this fact.
 In terms of relief and drainage, the vast expanse of flat land is a potential for large
scale mechanized farming.
 The soil helps in the growth of grass which serves as a source of feed for the animals.
MAJOR FINDINGS
 The climate and the rainfall pattern allow year round farming.
 The community’s population derives a lot of benefits from the savanna woodlands,
including housing, hunting and energy. This however, often lead to overexploitation
of the vegetation, which consequently results in environmental degradation
 The soils, vegetation and climate of the community constitute suitable ecological
conditions for both arable farming and livestock rearing.
 The excessive rainfall experienced sometimes could cause flooding, also render
feeder roads in accessible.
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1.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE BASE

1.2.1 PLANTS
The dominant plant species found in Jato Zongo community includes; Shea nut tree, mango tree,
baobab, dawadawa, teak, acacia amongst others. Trees such as baobab leaves and bark serves as
medicine for several illnesses, mango provide shelter and food, shea also provides cooking oil.
The fruit of the shea also serves as food for the people of Jato Zongo.
1.2.2 ANIMALS
The non-existence of natural water bodies results in no aquatic animals in the community.
However, there is a presence of terrestrial animals both wild and domestic. The domestic animals
are categorized into two namely livestock and poultry.
THE TABLE BELOW INDICATES THE MAIN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

REARED IN JATO ZONGO COMMUNITY
Livestock Poultry
Sheep Domestic fowls
Goats Chicken
Cattle
Source: Group survey 2019
The wild life found include bats, rats, grass cutter, snakes etc.
A picture of sheep in a pen at Jato Zongo.
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1.2.3 FOREST TYPE

The community falls within the interior wooded Savanna or tree Savanna. However, owing to its
transitional nature, the area does not totally exhibit typical Savanna conditions. The Savanna is
heavily wooded, though most of the trees are not as tall and gigantic as those in the moist
deciduous forest. It is believed that the transitional zone was once forested and that the Savanna
conditions currently prevailing have been the result of human activities.
A picture showing the forest type of Jato Zongo community
MAJOR FINDINGS
 The presence of economic important trees like shea nut, dawadawa and baobab can
serves as a source of food and employment.
 The baobab tree due to its soft nature normally causes damage to the inhabitants, its
branches or the whole tree may fall due to heavy storm therefore serving as a threat.
 The presence of maize, beans, garden egg, yam etc. could call for prospective
industries.
 Our findings have revealed that the forest is deteriorating at an alarming rate due to
the constant cutting of trees for charcoal burning and firewood and also sand winning.
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1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

CONDITIONS OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
There have been significant changes in the natural environment of Jato Zongo over the years.
These changes occurred as a result of human activities in the community. Such activities include
farming practices, building and construction activities, sand winning, bushfire and many other
socio-cultural practices which has combined to deplete some part of the natural environment of
its nutritional and ecological balance. Tree species of medicinal and commercial values are being
exploited for firewood. It was realized that the major activities that are shaping the natural
landscape include reckless felling of trees for firewood, poor farming practices, sand winning
and others. If the natural environment is to be restored, people must be educated on the
consequences of their actions.
A picture of the natural environment of Jato Zongo community.
1.3.2 BUILT ENVIRONMENT

The built environment is constituted by natural and artificial things. It was observed during our
survey that, most of the houses in the community were built with sandcrete which has cement in
it hence much durable. It was realized that there are no gutters in the community, hence the
improper disposal of liquid waste and runoff water. This coupled with improper checking of
erosion leading to the destruction of houses in the community.
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1.3.3 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

The environment has undergone some dangers due to human activities such as sand winning,
bush burning, felling of trees for firewood and charcoal burning and improper farming practices.
The absence of constructed and reliable gutters has also led to soil erosion and environmental
degradation. Houses of residence are often built without proper planning. This has resulted to
houses often been built slummed. Also the poor layout of the community with poor drainage
system has exposed the topsoil to erosion resulting in the creation of gullies which if care is not
taken may develop into deep gutters in some sections of the community.
MAJOR FINDINGS
I. High level of soil erosion.
II. Destruction of the forest belt.
III. Low soil water retaining capacity.
IV. Some of the houses develop cracks and finally collapse during the rainy season
rendering some of the affected victims homeless.
V. Malaria is the major disease threatening the community due to the poor drainage
system as well as the presence of bushes around the community.
VI. From our research, we realized that the main road which is 2nd class road linking Jato
Zongo to Yeji facilitates transportation from the community to other parts of the
country.
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[UNIT 2.0] POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 POPULATION SIZE
The community of Jato Zongo has a population of 4260 according to the group’s census
conducted. There are 2455 males and 1805 females in the community forming 58% and 42%
respectively of the total population.
2.2 AGE- SEX STRUCTURE

The table below shows how the population has been distributed among the ages and sex.
Table 2.2 Age- Sex structure
AGE GROUP MALES FEMALES TOTAL
0-14 1055 766 1821

15-60 1045 666 1711
61-64 284 291 575
65+ 71 82 153
`TOTAL 2455 1805 4260
Source: group survey 2019
The chart below shows the sex structure of Jato Zongo community
1805; 42%
MALES
2455; 58% FEMALES
12
AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENTAGE

The table below shows the age and sex distribution in percentages of the Jato Zongo community
AGE MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES TOTAL

GROUP
0-14 1055 766 42.97 42.44 42.75
15-60 1045 666 42.57 36.90 40.16
61-64 284 291 11.57 16.12 13.50
65+ 71 82 2.89 4.54 3.59
TOTAL 2455 1805 100 100 100
From the table, it can be seen that the males are dominant over the females. This can be seen at
some levels of the age cohorts. The male form 58% while the female form the remaining 42% of
the entire population. The population also provide a huge labor force (potential), with about
53.66% serving as the potential labor force of the community.
POPULATION PYRAMID
The diagram below shows the population pyramid of Jato Zongo community.
65+
61-64
15-60
0-14
From the diagram above, the broad base of the pyramid indicates that the age group 0-14 has the
highest population (42.75%) and the least population is (3.59%) which belongs to the age group
65+. According to the survey, 42.75% of the highest age group population (0-14) is as a result of
teenage pregnancy.
13
2.2.1 LABOUR FORCE
Labor Force: This refers to the total number of people perceived to be in the active age that is,
considering those within age group 15-64 as part of the working class. Therefore, the percentage
of the labor force can be deduced from the equation below:
NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHIN ACTIVE AGE ( 15−64 )
Percentage of labor force = ×100
TOTAL POPULATION OF THE COMMUNITY
2286
Percentage of labor force = × 100 = 53.66%
4260
This implies that the working class of Jato Zongo community has a percentage of 53.66%.
2.2.2 AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO: The age dependency ratio is the ratio of age dependence to
the labor force. The entire population can be divided into two (2), that is the dependents and the
independent (economically active). The dependents are those within 0-14 and 65+, whiles the
independents (economically active) are those within 15-64.
The ratio is computed as =¿ ¿
1974
=
2286
= 0.864
This means that, the ratio is 1: 0.86 which is approximately 1:1. This shows that the rate at which
the dependents rely on the independents is even.
ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO
The economic dependency ratio is simply the unemployed divided by the employed.
dependents∧unemployed within economically active

That is =
actively working class(employed within the economically active)
2777
=
1483
=1.873
This means, the ratio is 1: 1.90 which approximately is 1:2. This shows that, every single
working person has averagely two (2) people to look after.
14
2.3 POPULATION DENSITY

It is the total number of people per estimated unit area. Also, the population density can be
defined as the total population divided by the total land area of the community. It is usually
measured per squared kilometer or mile.
Total population
Population Density (P.D) =
Estimated land area
4260
=
40
= 106.5 km2
This means that, there are approximately 107 people on each square kilometer of land. This will
make it possible for everyone to have access to land for any purpose.
2.4.0 HOUSEHOLD SIZE

Household refers to the number of people who depend on a source for a family’s daily bread,
thus those who eat from the same cooking pot and share available resources together as a family.
The group realized from our survey that, there are 560 households out of 395 houses.
The average household can be calculated by taking the total population to the total number of
houses.
Total population
The mean household size is then calculated as =
Total no . of households
4260
=
560
= 7.607 ≈ 8.0
This means that, the average household size is approximately eight (8) people per household.
However, the group came across households that had about 40 people, which is the largest
household in the community.
15
The table below shows the distribution of household heads of Jato Zongo community.
HOUSEHOLD HEAD NUMBER PERCENTAGE (%)
MALE 493 88%
FEMALE 67 12%
TOTAL 560 100
From the table above, out of 560 households 493 are male household heads representing 88%
and the rest 12% represent the females.
2.5.0 FERTILITY AND MORTALITY RATE

The table below shows the number of live births from January 2019 to July 2019.
Table 2.5 Number of Births from January-July 2019
Sex
Year Total
Female Male
2019 (1st half) 20 26 46
Source: Jato Zongo CHPS compound.
Though, the CHPS compound has no facility for delivery and midwifery yet, this information
was however given through the figures obtained during weighing of children in Jato Zongo
community.
From the table above, fertility rate (F.R) can be calculated as;
number of live births ∈2019
= х 100
total populaion
46
F.R = х 100
4260
= 1.079 approximately 1.0%
This means that the birth rate of the community is 1.0%. However, the fertility rate of Jato Zongo
is very high due to the rate of teenage pregnancy.
16
2.5.3 MORTALITY RATE (M.R)

Total number of people who died in in the 1st half of 2019 =13
Total population = 4260
number of people who died∈the1 st half of 2019
Mortality rate = х 100
total populaion
13
M.R = х 100
4260
= 0.305 approximately 0
This means that the mortality rate of the community is very low representing 0% of the total
population.
2.6 MIGRATION
Migration is described as the movement of people from one geographical area to another.
Looking at the people in Jato Zongo community, rural-urban drift from the community to the
urban areas is minimum and it is mostly done by some of the youth. From our study, the reason
behind this social phenomenon is that some of the youth leave the community in search of
greener pasture and they usually migrate when they complete their basic level at school.
However, majority of the youth are into farming activities. In addition, emigration is very low
but immigration is very high in the community due to the availability of arable farmlands.
2.7.0 MAJOR FINDINGS

 The group found out that just like the national and regional trend whereby females
dominate the population, the Jato Zongo community’s population is the otherwise,
dominated by males.
 The group found out that, the population between 0-14 is more than the rest of the age
groups.
 The high level of potential labor force shows that job creation and other social
amenities should be provided in the community by the government and other
stakeholders in order to sustain the active labor force in the community.
17
 Also, we realized that the dependency ratio is even, the tendency to save is average
among the people.
[UNIT 3] SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

3.1.0 RELIGION
The table below shows the religions in the Jato Zongo community and their corresponding
number and percentages.
RELIGION NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE (%) DEGREE( 0 )
PEOPLE
CHRISTIANITY 2147 50.40 181
ISLAM 1916 44.98 162
TRADITIONAL 197 4.62 17
TOTAL 4260 100 360
From our survey and the table above, it was revealed that, there are three (3) main religions in
Jato Zongo community namely; Christianity, Islam and the Traditional religion. The Christian
religion being the most dominated religion of about 2147 people, followed by Islam of about
1916 people with the Traditional religion having the lowest with 197 members.
The chart below shows the various religions in the Jato Zongo community.
18
THE VARIOUS RELIGIONS IN JATO ZONGO
5%
CHRISTIANITY ISLAM
50%
45%
TRADITIONAL
ETHNICITY, KINSHIP, VALUES & NORMS, TABOOS, AND MARRIAGE SYSTEM

ETHNICITY
The community of Jato Zongo is inhabited by lots of tribes from different parts of the country
especially the Northern part. The culture and customs of the people have great impact on their
lives, these are usually passed down to generations through folktales and stories told by the aged.
However, people from different tribes come to settle to undertake farming activities.
The table below shows how the population is distributed among the ethnic groups.
Tribes Number of people Percentage
Konkomba 756 17.75
Basaare 217 5.09

Frafra 278 6.53
Gonja 193 4.53
19
Ashanti 116 2.72

Moshi 264 6.2
Sisaala 404 9.48
Dagomba 541 12.7
Bono 298 7
Dagaati 427 10.02
Fulani 176 4.13
Guruma 590 13.85
Total 4260 100
From the table above, it has been revealed that, the Jato Zongo community is dominated by the
Konkombas followed by the Guruma and the Fulanis have the least population.
The chart below shows the ethnic groups population in Jato Zongo community
VARIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS IN JATO ZONGO
14% 18%
4%
5%
10%
7%
7% 5%
3%
13% 6%
9%
Konkomba Basaare Frafra Gonja Ashanti Moshi

Sisaala Dagomba Bono Dagaati Fulani Guruma
3.2.2 KINSHIP
This is the way in which a group of people are related by blood, marriage or adoption. In this
sense the people of Jato Zongo are related mostly by blood and marriage. By blood, the people of
Jato Zongo trace their ancestry to one common ancestor and they practice both patrilineal and
matrilineal system of inheritance.
1.2.2 VALUES
20
Values are collection of guiding principles thus what one deems to be correct and desirable life
especially regarding the community conduct. The values of the people in Jato Zongo community
are not different from other communities in Ghana. Some of their values are:
 Hospitality
 Respect for the elderly
 Hard work
 Charity
 Honesty
 Humility
 Greeting
 Chastity
1.2.3 NORMS
Norms are the rules that govern members of a particular community. There are norms which
guide the activities of the people within the community. Some of these are:
 Squatting to greet an elderly person

 Using the right hand for collecting and receiving items from someone.
1.2.4 TABOOS
These are prohibitions that goes against the rules of community and mostly is accompanied by
sanctions (fines). Jato Zongo has its own taboos that guide them, some of these include;
 Going to farms on Fridays
 Adultery
 Fighting in public.
 It is not allow to wear something black to the dam.
 It is not also allow to step into the dam with your sandals
 Marrying from the same family.
BREACH OF TABOOS
In the case in which the above taboos are breached, the victim is fined a fowl, goat, schnapps and
a sum of money to appease the gods.
1.2.5 MARRIAGE SYSTEM
21
The marriage system practiced by the people of Jato Zongo community is both exogamy and
endogamy system of marriage. Monogamy and polygamy is also practiced. A man who intends
marrying a lady goes through the following steps;
 He is expected to study the woman he intends to marry for some time and make his
intentions known to the woman and her family and his own family.
 The man and his family would check to see if nothing prevents the marriage in terms of
their traditions and taboos.
 The man then makes the payment of the bride price to the lady’s family. Schnapps, mineral
drinks, palm wine, others and some amount of money is paid to the woman’s family and
after that the man legally calls the woman his wife.
3.3 GENDER ISSUES
During our survey, it was revealed that, the family heads (males), elders and a women
representative called ‘Magazia’ have the responsibility mainly in decision making. Also
considering gender equality in terms of education, it was realized that, the number of females
attending school far exceeds that of males which means that in the near future, females will be
taking part more in decision making concerning the family and the community.
In addition, both men and women engage in economic activities such as agriculture, trading,
commerce and services, etc.
3.4.0 EDUCATION
Jato Zongo community has a public school which was established in the year 1955. The school
has kindergarten, lower and upper primary school and a D/A Junior high school. The school field
separates the primary level from the Junior High level. The school serves about three
communities namely Jato Zongo, Sampa and Jompa. However, there is no private school in the
community.
3.4.1 THE TABLES BELOW SHOWS THE ENROLMENT OF JATO ZONGO D/A
PRIMARY AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL FROM 2017/2018 TO 2018/2019 ACADEMIC
YEAR.
2017/2018 ACADEMIC YEAR
Levels Boys Girls Total
22
KG 1 116 135 251

KG 2 59 75 134
Primary 1 54 62 116
Primary 2 55 58 113
Primary 3 42 51 93
Primary 4 40 51 91
Primary 5 41 45 86
Primary 6 33 39 72
Total 440 516 956
Source: Jato Zongo Anglican Primary School.
JHS 1 37 45 82
JHS 2 38 58 96
JHS 3 15 23 38
Total 90 126 216
Source: Jato Zongo D/A JHS
2017/2018 KG to Primary 6 2017/2018 JHS

Total enrolment = 956 Total enrolment = 216
Total males = 440 Total males = 90
Total females = 516 Total females = 126
440 90
% of males = × 100 = 46.03% % of males = ×100 = 41.67%
956 216
516 126
% of females = × 100 = 53.97% % of females = ×100 = 58.33%
956 216
2018/2019 ACADEMIC YEAR

KG 1 106 116 222
KG 2 47 20 67
Primary 1 53 55 108
Primary 2 52 60 112
Primary 3 49 58 107
23
Primary 4 46 49 95
Primary 5 35 41 76
Primary 6 30 41 71
Total 418 440 858
Source: Jato Zongo Anglican School.

JHS 1 26 32 58
JHS 2 27 42 69
JHS 3 21 17 38
Total 74 91 165
Source: Jato Zongo D/A JHS
2018/2019 KG to Primary 6 2018/2019 JHS

Total enrolment = 858 Total enrolment = 165
Total male = 418 Total males = 74
Total female = 440 Total females = 91
418 74
% of male = × 100 = 48.72% % of males = ×100 = 44.84%
858 165
440 91
% of females = × 100 = 51.28% % of females = ×100 =
858 165
55.16%
1.4.1 HIGHER LEVEL OF EDUCATION
The community has no SHS and Tertiary institution; therefore, the pupils further their education
in the nearby communities such as Atebubu, Amantin, and other part of the country such as
Kumasi, Accra, Cape Coast, Sunyani etc.
ENROLMENT RATE
24
The table below represents the decrement in the number of pupils of Jato Zongo Anglican
primary and D/A JHS for the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 academic years
YEAR BOYS GIRLSs TOTAL

2017/2018 530 642 1172
2018/2019 492 531 1023
Decrement 38 111 149
Source: Jato Zongo Anglican primary school and D/A JHS
From the table, the decrement from 2017/2018 to 2018/2019 academic years is 149. The
enrolment rate was calculated as follows:
decrement
Enrolment rate = x 100%
total population of pupils ∈2018 /2019 academic year
149
= x 100
1023
= 14.57%
3.4.2 SCHOOL DROP-OUT RATE

According to the headmasters of the school, the level of school dropout is high. They explained
further that it was as a result of teenage pregnancy, drug abuse (Tramadol), migration and
poverty. Sometimes these students stop schooling when they reach the upper primary level to
engage in head porting (kayayo) business and also farming activities. As calculated above,
instead of the number of student enrolment increasing, it is rather decreasing at a very high rate.
This can be attributed to majority of community members not valuing education and giving most
of their attention to their farming activities and also some taking their wards to different schools
due to lack of facilities (desks, teaching and learning materials) in the Jato Zongo community
school. The number of pupils’ dropout was not accurately given.
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
During our survey in the community, we found out that there are people that have acquired their
knowledge outside the classroom.
25
3.4.3 LITERACY RATE (L.R)

Literacy is the term used to describe people who can read, write or do both. The literacy rate in
Jato Zongo is low. This is due to the fact that, out of the total population of about 4260, an
approximated number of 906 are literate and the rest 3354 are illiterates.
TOTAL NUMBEROF LITERATES
L.R = × 100
TOTAL POPULATION
906
L.R = × 100
4260
= 21.27 %.
Thus, illiteracy rate in Jato Zongo community is 78.73%. This shows that the illiteracy rate in the
community is very high.
1.4.1 TEACHER- PUPIL RATIO
The table shows the number of teachers in the Jato Zongo Anglican Primary and D/A JHS. They
have been grouped into trained; those have graduated from teacher training college and
untrained; those who have not been to the teacher training college and are either there for their
national service, NYEP or as volunteers.
Table 3.4.5 Number of teachers in Jato Zongo Community School.
TEACHERS TRAINED UNTRAINED

KG 12 0
Primary 15 1
JHS 9 0
Total 36 1
Source: Jato Zongo D/A Primary and JHS 2019
From our survey it was revealed that;

Number of trained teachers from KG to Primary = 27
Number of untrained teachers from KG to Primary = 1
TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS
Teacher to pupil ratio (TPR) =
TOTAL NUMBEROF TEACHERS
Total number of teachers from KG to Primary = 28
Total number of students from KG to Primary = 858
858
Therefore TPR= = 30.64
28
26
TPR = 1:31
This implies that a teacher handles 31 pupils.
Number of trained teachers in JHS = 9
Total number of students in JHS = 165
Total number of teachers = 9
165
TPR = =¿18.33
9
TPR= 1: 18
This shows that a teacher handles 18 students in the JHS
It was observed that there are no untrained teachers in the school.
3.4.5 EDUCATIONAL STATUS

During the group’s research, it was noticed that most of the community members are illiterates, a
few of them had formal education. We realized that most of the literates also migrate to further
their education and to seek jobs.
Below is the table showing the various levels of education and the number of people of the Jato
Zongo.
Table 3.4.6 Educational status of community members
Illiterates Basic SHS Tertiary
3354 574 307 25
Total 3354 906
The chart below illustrates the educational status of the community members.
27
LITERACY AND ILLITERACY RATE
21%
LITERATES
ILLITERATES
79%
3.4.6 CONDITIONS OF THE SCHOOL

The pictures below show the state of Jato Zongo Anglican KG, primary, JHS and mechanized
borehole respectively.
KG CLASSROOM BLOCK
28
PRIMARY CLASSROOM BLOCK
JHS CLASSROOM BLOCK
MECHANIZED BOREHOLE
29
BUILDINGS: During our survey, it was observed that, all the school buildings were built with
sandcrate and roofed with aluminium zinc. We realized that the KG1 and KG2 pupils’
classrooms were under renovation.
FURNITURE: there are not enough furniture in the school, for instance, KG1 and KG2 had 100
chairs and 10 tables, Primary level had about 55 government supplied desks and JHS also had 5
desks. At the primary level, an average of 4 pupils sit on a desk and some pupil too sit on the
floor before writing.
30
TEXTBOOKS: According to the headmasters of the various level, that is, the KG, Primary and
JHS, the school lacks textbooks and other learning materials which is affecting the academic
performance of the students. Some of the subjects such as I.C.T, Ghanaian Language, Creative
Art, RME and Citizenship of Education do not have Textbooks at all. It is only Mathematics and
Integrated Science Textbooks they are having in a limited quantity.
WATER AND SANITATION: Based on the group survey, the school is not having any
challenge with water. There is good source of water supply for the school. With sanitation, the
school had no proper place for the disposal of waste, hence keeping good sanitation is a problem.
3.4.7 TRENDS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PUPIL IN GENERAL
In Jato Zongo, the performance of pupil in the school is generally poor. From KG 1 to Primary 4
is quite good that is, they are having average performance. From Primary 5 to JHS3, they are
considered grown so they are made by their parents to work on farms during some school hours,
therefore, there is a drop in their performance in school. It was also observed that in the night,
most of the students spend their time on the streets dancing to music being played from public
address system, this in turn affects their performance in school.
31
B.E.C.E RESULTS
The table below explains the performance of the students in B.E.C.E
Table 3.4.8 Performance of pupils in B.E.C.E
Year Number Of Number Of Pupils Who Passed Number Of %

Candidates Pupils Who
Presented Failed
2017/2018 38 5 33 13.16
2018/2019 37 - - -
Source: Jato Zongo D/A JHS 2019
3.4.8 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR

POTENTIALS IN GENERAL
 The school’s presence in the community motivates the people to have interest in
schooling.
 The community supports the school especially during communal labor.
 The presence of the school feeding program in the school also motivates the young
ones to have interest in schooling.
 The school has also got an average PTA, supported by the entire community in
everything they do.
 The school has a proper water supply for teachers and students.
CHALLENGES FOR KG TO LOWER PRIMARY

 Lack of furniture for pupils and teachers.
 Inadequate number of teaching and learning materials.
 Inadequate number of classrooms.
CHALLENGES FACED BY UPPER PRIMARY AND JHS

 Inadequate number of furniture and textbooks.
 Lack of toilet facilities, urinals and waste bins.
 Inadequate number of learning materials.
32
 Lack of school library and ICT center.

 No staff room for teachers and absence of teachers’ bungalow.
 The use of the local language for teaching especially from KG1 to Primary 3.
 Lack of supervisions from municipal assembly.
 Inadequate number of teachers’ guide for lesson notes and syllabus.
3.5.0 HEALTH
3.5.1 NUMBER AND TYPE OF HEALTH INSTITUTION
During the group survey, we realized that Jato Zongo community has a public CHPS compound
which was established in the year 2015 and started functioning in March 2019. The CHPS
compound has 11 staff. The CHPS compound has no doctor.
3.5.1 PHARMACEUTICAL FACILITIES

We realized that, the community also has two pharmaceutical facilities, which the patients go to
buy their prescribed drugs.
3.5.2 DOCTOR TO PATIENT RATIO

We noticed that, there is no doctor at the CHPS compound. Any case beyond the nurse is
directed to the Atebubu Hospital.
Picture of the CHPS compound in Jato Zongo community
33
3.5.3 NURSE TO PATIENT RATIO (NPR)

According to the data collected from the CHPS compound, at least 30 patients visit the CHPS
compound daily.
AVERAGE NUMBEROF PATIENTS PER DAY

NURSE TO PATIENT RATIO (NPR) =
TOTAL NUMBEROF NURSES
Total number of nurses = 11
Average number of patients per day = 30
30
NPR = = 11
11
NPR = 2.73 = 3
This implies that one nurse serves 3 patients per day.
34
5.4 TOP 10 PREVALANT DISEASES IN JATO ZONGO COMMUNITY

The table below shows the top 10 prevalent diseases in the Jato Zongo community and their
ranks.
DISEASE RANK
Malaria 1st
Cholera 2nd
Upper respiratory tract infection 3rd
Skin rashes 4th
Diarrhea 5th
Arteritis 6th
Helminthiasis 7th
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 8th
Mumps 9th
Malnutrition 10th
Source: Community CHPS compound.
3.5.6 STATE AND CONDITIONS OF THE HEALTH FACILITY

The condition of the CHPS compound is not that favorable both to the patients and nurses. There are
no toilet and urinal facilities in the CHPS compound. There are only two beds for patients which is
not encouraging the nurses. There is no water supply. Lack of furniture is greatly affecting the nurses
and patients. The furniture for patients during awaiting and the nurses during consultation is not
enough. Since the CHPS compound has no doctor, it cannot handle complicated health problems.
However, the CHPS compound is built with Sandcrete and roofed with aluminum zinc. It has no
modified OPD.
3.5.7 TRADITIONAL HEALTH FACILITIES
TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
The community has three (3) traditional birth attendants. One of them revealed to us that, she has
received 9 months of training as a birth attendant before she started working. They told us that
the materials used in their work was given to them by the Municipal hospital at Atebubu. They
said when there is any complication before or during birth, they direct them to the hospital. They
do not administer drugs to the mother and baby after birth. According to them they have no
books for record keeping.
35
3.5.7 TRADITIONAL HEALERS

During our field survey, it was realized that there are two (2) traditional healers in the
community and they are mainly Konkombas. Even though the community has a CHPS
compound, the people sometimes depend on the traditional healers for treatment. They treat
people with the use of herbs.
The table below shows some plants used and the diseases they cure.
PLANTS DISEASES
Dawadawa tree leaves or bark Diarrhea and abdominal pains
Neem tree leaves Malaria and typhoid fever
Mahogany leaves or bark or root Abdominal pains, malaria and typhoid fever
Shea tree bark or leaves Diarrhea and malaria
Pawpaw leaves Malaria
3.5.8 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE HEALTH SECTOR

POTENTIALS
 The presence of TBA, traditional healers and the CHPS compound.
 The structure of the CHPS compound is in good shape.
 The CHPS compound is not far from the community.
 The existence of medicinal herbs which is use to cure several ailments or diseases by the
Traditional healers.
 Availability of files and folders for record keeping
 Since they don’t struggle before getting access to the herbs, cost of production and treatment
is quite cheaper.
CHALLENGES
 The natives in the community find difficulties in emergency cases since the CHPS
Compound does not temper with major health issues.
 Inadequate beds for medical cases.
 The CHPS compound has no water.
 Lack of furniture for nurses and patients.
 Lack of urinal and toilet facilities.
 The traditional healers and birth attendants do not receive any support from the government.
36
3.6.0 HOUSING
The group had a survey of three hundred and ninety-five (395) houses in the community.
However, these houses were built with either sandcrete or landcrete and roofed with either zinc
or thatch.
The table below shows the type of materials used in building the various houses.
Type of material Number of houses Percentage Degree

172.25
Sandcrete and zinc 189 47.85
19.14
Sandcrete and 21 5.32
thatch
92.96
Landcrate and zinc 102 25.82
75.65
Landcrate and 83 21.01
thatch
Total 395 100 360
The chart below shows the percentage of houses and materials used in building.
HOUSES AND MATERIALS USED IN BUILDING
21%
Sandcrete and zinc
Sandcrete and thatch

48%
Landcrate and zinc
26%
Landcrate and thatch
5%
Table 3.6 The table shows the number of houses and the facilities they have.
37
Facilities Number of Houses % on Total Houses
Toilet 61 15.44
Well 21 5.32
Kitchen 44 11.14
Bath house 259 65.57
Borehole 0 0.00
Electricity 359 90.89
The chart below shows the various household facilities.
HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES
8%
3%
6% Toilet
Well
48% Kitchen
Bath house
35% Borehole
Electricity
Pictures Showing Houses Built With Sandcrete And Roofed With Zinc And Landcrete And
Roofed With Thatch.
38
3.6.1 ROOM OCCUPANCY RATES (ROR)
From the survey of 395 houses, used rooms recorded were 1461 out of a total of 1614 rooms,
which they contain a population of 4260 people.
This is computed as;
Total number of people

Room occupancy rate (ROR) =
Total number of used rooms
4260
= = 2.92
1461
This means, approximately 3 people occupy a room at Jato Zongo community. However, through
the survey, we noticed that some rooms were taking about 6 to 8 people and also some were
taking only one person.
3.6.2 PROPERTY OWNERSHIP

From our field survey, we realized that individuals can own their property; however, family
property such as farmland and their houses are managed by the family heads mostly males. In
Jato Zongo community, the people practice two (2) types of inheritance, that is; matrilineal and
patrilineal system of inheritance. The Akans (Bono) practice matrilineal and the non-Akans were
(Northerners) also practice patrilineal system. The group also realized that most of the houses
owned by families with few people renting as tenants.
STATE OF HOUSE
The community generally does not face any serious housing problems. According to some
members, they are comfortable with the nature of their houses. Most of the houses also have
good accommodation. Only few households complained about leakages from roofing during
heavy downpour of rain and through windows of the rooms and some also have cracked and
fallen walls. Others too complained bitterly about the lack of toilet facilities, electricity supply
and open defecation around their houses.
HOUSING PROBLEM IN THE COMMUNITY

 Leakages in the roof during rainy days
 Some houses lack power supply
 Some houses also lack water supply.
39
 Lack of household latrines.

 The houses in the community do not have a good layout.
 All the wells in the community has no covers which poses a threat to the community.
 Poor materials such as the mud and thatch give the houses a short life span
Pictures showing housing problems in Jato Zongo community.
3.7.0 WATER AND SANITATION

3.7.1 WATER
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
The main source of water for the community are three (3) mechanized boreholes and a hand
pump borehole. The community also has one stream which is used by some for washing of
clothes and for farming purposes. All of the boreholes are evenly distributed throughout the
community, one at the chief palace, the second located around the MTN mass pole which is at
the extreme end of the community and the last at the school premises. Those on the other side
have to cross the street before they will get access to any of the boreholes. The distance from
their houses to the source of water supply is not that far. However, some residents have wells in
their homes which make them have easy access to water.
40
The picture below shows the mechanized and hand pump borehole present in the
community
PROBLEM OF WATER SUPPLY

 There is pressure on the few boreholes in the community.
 High cost of maintenance of boreholes.
 Drying up of wells during dry seasons.
 Inadequate number of boreholes in the community.
3.7.2 SANITATION
From our survey, in the community, there are no facilities for the disposal of solid and liquid
waste. Solid waste is normally gathered and burnt.
41
WASTE DISPOSAL
It was revealed during our research that there are bathrooms in almost all the houses in the
community, hence liquid waste is not properly disposed due to poor drainage system.
STATE AND MANAGEMENT OF LIQUID AND SOLID WASTE

The research reveals that the solid waste gathered are sometimes burnt and sometimes left bare
in the open. There are no bins for waste disposal in the community and also no incinerator trucks
come to collect the rubbish gathered. Water from bathrooms and other liquid waste are not
properly channeled through drainage facilities.
DRAINAGE SITUATION
There are no drainage facilities in the community for free flow of water during rainfall.
Therefore, the excessive rainfall experienced sometimes could cause flooding. Mostly after
rainfall the water is not drained in a short period of time, hence erosion is often experienced.
PROBLEMS OF SANITATION IN THE COMMUNITY

 No dustbins in the community.
 Poor drainage system (lack of gutters)
 Poor education on sanitation
42
A picture showing a refuse dump of Jato Zongo

Our survey conducted revealed that:
 The group realized that most children at school going age do not attend school.
 There is no proper drainage system in the community
 There is cordial relationship between both sexes.
 The houses are mainly built with sand crates and roofed with zinc.
 The group also realized that most of the populace, especially the youths drop out due to
reason such as economic hardships (galamsey and kayayo), drug abuse and lucrative farming
activities.
43
[UNIT 4] ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Our research reveals that 2286 people fall under potential labor force, thus age group 15-64
representing 40.16% of the total population. Also, the group found out that the number of
potential labor gainfully employed summed up to 1483 representing 34.81% of the total
population.
The table below shows the employment status in Jato Zongo community;
EMPLOYMENT STATUS NUMBER OF PEOPLE
Potential labor force 2286
Potential labor force gainfully employed 1483
Inactive labor force 803
This reveals that, out of the 4260 people of the total population, 2286 people fall within the
potential labor force, 1483 people are gainfully employed whiles the rest within are unemployed.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (UR)

Unemployed people are people within age 15-64 and are not working.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE
UR = ×100
TOTAL LABOUR FORCE
803
UR = ×100=35.13 %
2286
This implies that, the rate of people who are under the potential labor force but are not employed
is 35.13%.
OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION
The below table shows the major and minor occupations of the people of Jato Zongo community.
Minor Occupation Number of Percentage
People
Agricultural - 1224 82.54
Industry Farming 188 12.68
Commerce and service Farming 71 4.79
Total 1483 100
Our research shows that 1069 people representing 72.08% are into agriculture, 343 people
representing 23.13% are into industry and 71 people representing 4.79% are also into commerce
and services.
44
The chart below illustrates the occupational distribution of Jato Zongo community.
OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION
11%
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
25% COMMERCE & SERVICES
64%
IV.3.1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

4.3.1 NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE
Agriculture refers to the growing of crops and rearing of livestock. The agricultural sector has
employed 1069 people; out of that almost all are engaged in crop farming, few are engaged in
livestock farming and very few are engaged in poultry. Some farmers also practice the cash crop
farming which generate a lot of income for them and majority practice the subsistence farming
which serve as source livelihood.
4.3.1 CROP FARMING
Crop farming as a major occupation of Jato Zongo is the driving force of its members. The
various crops cultivated can be classified as cereals, legumes and tubers.
Below is a table showing the crop types grown and their scale of production in the Jato
Zongo community.
Crops Examples Scale of production
Cereals Maize Large
Millet Small
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Rice Small
Legumes Beans Large
Groundnut Small
Tubers Yam Medium
Cassava Medium
Vegetables Garden egg Small
Pepper Small
Tomato Small
Okra Medium
4.3.2.1 LAND TENURE SYSTEM AND MODE OF ACQUISITION

Acquisition of land in the community is on the basis of family land, the assets are owned by the
family head and its mode of acquisition is through the family heads and some individuals in the
family. Also, from our survey we found out that the lands are not sold to individuals who would
like to farm but are release on the basis of share cropping, freehold and leasing till the owners
need it. At present day, an acre of land is rented out at 300.00, after payment of the amount, the
land is demarcated for the farmer based on the number of acres been paid for. After the payment
of the 300.00, an extra charge of 150.00 is charged per each farmer yearly. In addition, the males
in the community own a greater portion of the land with a percentage of 90%, whiles the females
owning the remaining 10%.
4.3.2.2 FARMING SYSTEMS

The most common farming system practiced in the community is mixed cropping, mono
cropping and crop rotation.
 Crop rotation: This is the farming system whereby the farmer grows a series of dissimilar or
different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It helps in reducing soil erosion
and increases soil fertility and crop yield.
46
 Mono cropping: This farming system involves growing of only one type of crop on a piece of
land per year.
 Mixed cropping: This is the farming system whereby the farmer grows two or more different
types of crops on the same piece of land at the same time. This is what is practiced by
most of the community farmers.
4.3.2.3 FARM PRACTICES
The farm practices identified in the community are mostly weeding or spraying, sowing,
fertilizer application, pest and diseases management, and harvesting. It was revealed that all of
these activities are undertaken by the use of manpower and tractors.
4.3.2.4 FARM SIZE

During our survey, we noticed that, the average farm size of the community is about three (3) to
five (5) acres. However, most of the farmers are into subsistence (peasant) farming and very few
are into commercial farming.
4.3.2.5 TYPES OF LABOUR
A visit by the group to various farms indicated that their source of labor was mainly family labor
and occasionally the hiring of laborers. However, some farmers are able to hire tractors for
ploughing of their lands.
4.3.2.6 FARMING TECHNOLOGY AND INPUTS

The farming technology and inputs used by the people of Jato Zongo community are indigenous.
The tools used by the farmers are cutlass, axe, hoe, and the use of tractors. The farming
technology employed in the community is the use of fertilizer, manure, strip cropping, sticking
and other farm chemicals to control weeds and plant diseases.
4.3.2.7 SOURCE OF FINANCE

From our survey and interaction with the farmers, it was revealed that the major source of
finance is mainly self-financing without any help from the government, non-governmental
organization or any other organization. Some individuals also go to the rural bank for loans and
money lenders.
47
4.3.2.8 ACCESS TO EXTENSION OFFICERS

According to the farmers, they have access to extension officers, they pay them a visit mostly
once a year. We were told that these extension officers come around to educate them on new
methods of farming, disease control and farming practices such as plant spacing and fertilizer
application.
4.3.2.9 MAJOR CROPS GROWN IN OUTPUT LEVEL
The types of crops grown in the community are maize, beans, yam, Guinea corn water melon,
garden eggs, pepper, groundnuts and okra. The major crops grown are maize, yam, garden eggs,
pepper and beans. Good cultural practices, good timing (planting on time) and good rainfall are
the three major factors that affect productivity in farming activities. However, the rate of
productivity depend mainly on rainfall, which is quite irregular in the community. Actually, the
pattern of rainfalls cannot be traced since it is difficult to differentiate between the major and
minor season of rainfall. This normally leads to low output per head. In addition, the rate of
productivity is usually low because of the use of outmoded farm practices coupled with high cost
of farm inputs and late planting.
4.3.2.10 DISTANCE FROM HOMESTEAD TO FARM
The average distance from homestead to the farm is about 12km, the mode of transport is
basically on foot but others use bicycle and motorbikes.
4.3.2.11 STORAGE OF PRODUCE

The farmers store their farm produce in sacks, pots, and others other produce are covered with
sand. Crops such as yam and maize are stored in barns and silos. However, they don’t have any
modern system of storage facilities.
4.3.2.12 MARKETING OF FARM PRODUCE
The farm produce from their farms are usually sent to nearby markets such as Atebubu and Ejura
markets since they do not have ready market for their farm produce. However, some farmers also
sell their produce at the farm for instance, pepper, garden egg and okra.
4.3.2.13 EXTENSION OFFICERS TO FARMER RATIO

There is one agricultural extension officer assigned to the community who is lodging at Jompa
Agriculture quarters to supervise the farming activities. This makes the extension - farmer ratio
1: 1069. In addition, he cater for the surrounding communities as well.
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`4.3.3 ANIMAL PRODUCTION

4.3.3.1 TYPE OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY REARED
Animals Type
Livestock Goat, cow, sheep
Poultry Domestic fowls, duck
4.3.3.2 OUTPUT LEVEL

Most of the animals reared are not for commercial purposes but sometimes the goats, sheep and
others are sold to generate income. Animal production in Jato Zongo can be said not to be
encouraging as most of the people we visited with animals complained of diseases killing them.
Since, majority of the people are into crop farming, they don’t have the desire for commercial
livestock farming.
4.3.3.3COMMON ANIMAL DISEASE

The below table shows the animal species and the corresponding diseases affecting them.
Animal species Disease
Poultry Newcastle, fowl cholera
Cattle Mad cow disease, respiratory disease
Goat Anthrax, , Broncho pneumonia
Sheep Anthrax, Broncho pneumonia
4.3.3.4 VETERINARY SERVICE OFFICER TO FARMER RATIO
According to the farmers in Jato Zongo community, there are no veterinary officers here, since
they are into domestic animal farming system.
4.3.3.5 MARKETING
Our survey reveals that animal farmers mostly do not sell their animals. Only few do sell to
generate income.
4.3.4.0 AGRICULTURAL SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS

4.3.4.1 FINANCING INSTITUTION
It was revealed that there are no financial institutions available in the community.
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4.3.4.2 FARMING ORGANIZATION

From our survey, there are local farming organizations in the community. However, sometimes
farmers come together as group to help each other in their farm activities.
4.3.5 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

POTENTIALS
 High labor force for agricultural purposes.
 There is the presence of vast land for most agricultural activities.
 The availability of electricity for development of agro-based industries.
 Animal droppings is used as manure.
 Suitable climate conditions for the rearing of all species of livestock.
CHALLENGES
 Adoption of modern technology is low due to high illiteracy rate.
 Low yields of farm produce especially maize due to army worm infestation and other crop
diseases.
 Inadequate funds for their agricultural activities
 Infertile land used in farming.
 High cost of fertilizer and other farm implements.
 Lack of good storage facility for their farm produce.
4.4.0 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Despite farming being the major occupation in Jato Zongo community with 82.54% of the total
population of the labor force, some of the people in the community still engage in indigenous
industrial work.
The table below shows the category and industrial composition of each sector.
Type of industry Industrial composition Number of people Percentage (%)
Forest/wood based related Carpentry 5 83.51

industry
50
Charcoal burning 152
Dressmaking 12
Service related 13.30
Hair dressing 13
Pito brewing 4
Agro-based industry 3.19
Bakery 2
Total 188 100
The group realized that, charcoal burning is the second major activities in the community apart
from crop farming and it is mostly been done by the Sisaalas. This also implies that, there are
more people into the forest/wood related industry which represent 81% than the rest of the
industries.
The chart below shows the industrial activities in Jato Zongo Community
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INDUSRIAL ACTIVITIES
Pito brewing Bakery Carpentry

2% 1% 3%
Hair dressing
7%
Dressmaking
6%
Charcoal
burning
81%
PITO BREWING
Raw materials: Guinea corn, yeast, Water, Firewood, and Yeast.
The picture below shows a sample of pito brewing.
52
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN PITO BREWING

 The guinea corn is soaked overnight.
 The water is drained and the guinea corn is soaked again the next day
 The water is drained again and the guinea corn is dried on the floor (indoors) for 3days.
 Water is sprinkled on it for that 3days to partially germinate.
 When it starts to sprouts out, it is then dried under the sun.
 The grains are then milled at the corn mill to get the flour.
 The flour is mixed thoroughly with water by stirring in a cooking pot and then boiled.
 The boiling continues the next day
 The filtrate is separated from the residue using a basket or sieve.
 The filtrate is left overnight for it to ferment.
 The filtrate is then the pito.
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS;

Filtration: This is done to separate the mixture of chaff and liquid.
Heating and Cooling: This is done to kill germs and enhance the action of the yeast.
Fermentation: The yeast serves as catalyst to make it alcoholic.
Decantation: separating the settled chaff from the pito.
Sedimentation: allowing the chaff to settle down in the pito.
Dehydration: removal of water content from the grain by drying.

Germination: the sprouting out of leaves from seeds.
Milling: grinding of grains into flour.
CHARCOAL BURNING
The manufacturing of charcoal is a multi-purpose process that requires control of the various
factors that could affect the process: the wood used, heating temperature, air availability, and
time of processing.
Raw materials: wood, soil, energy (fire) and green grasses or agricultural wastes.
53
The picture below shows a sample of charcoal burning.
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN CHARCOAL BURNING

 Dry woods are cut into smaller pieces (logs) and packed together.
 The logs are completely covered with soil and agricultural waste such as straw.
 An opening (combustion chamber) is created at the bottom of the heap for air to pass
through.
 A small fire is started in the combustion chamber and soon the chimney begins to produce
very wet, low temperature steam.
 Depending on the size of wood inside, after a while the smoke changes to bluish and almost
clear.
 What that means is that, the water is gone and the wood should be mostly converted to
charcoal.
 If the soil covering gets thorn (cracked) by the fire, additional soil is placed on the cracks.
 Once the burn is complete, the chimney is plugged to prevent air from entering.
 The process leaves black lumps and powder, about 25% of original weight.
54
 It takes about 4 to 5 days to produce ready-to-use lump charcoal.

 It should be noted that if the heap is opened while the charcoal is still hot, it will burst into
flame and all the charcoal will turn to ash.
NB: the purpose for maintaining this fire is twofold; to create heat for driving out water and
impurities, and to use up oxygen coming into the heap.
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS:
Pyrolysis: the heating of wood or other organic materials in the absence of oxygen.
Combustion: the process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light.
Carbonization: the process of destructing distillation of coal.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
 It serves as a source of employment.
 Fatigue, body pains and burns are mostly experienced during the processing
 Liquid waste are not properly disposed hence serving as a source of breeding grounds for
mosquitoes.
 The cutting down of trees for charcoal burning lead to a change in climate.
TYPES OF OWNERSHIP
According to our group survey, it was revealed that ownership of local industries is sole
proprietorship and is being owned and controlled by women. Generally, most of the proprietor
buy their raw materials from the nearby markets.
FINANCE
Almost all the industries had the start-up capital from self-financing. Sales from the industrial
produce are usually used to facilitate new raw materials, the rest is then taken as profit.
MARKETING
Industrial produce is sold locally and by customer’s demand
AGE AND EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND OF INDUSTRIALISTS
It was noticed that the dressmakers fall within age group 19-40 and their educational background
mostly end at the JHS level.
55
METHOD OF PRODUCTION.
The method of production used in the industries is labor intensive thus; they use their physical
strength to work. Their industrial inputs are normally indigenous and include human efforts, self-
financed, method of farming peculiar to the community, tools and materials.
PROBLEMS IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
 Inadequate funds to support the individual activities.
 Inadequate raw materials.
 Production in small scale.
 Low patronage especially in pito.
POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES IN THE INDUSTRIES
POTENTIALS
 The encouraging profit margin.
 It serves as a source of employment.
 The ready market for the industrial produce.
 Availability of vast land for industrial activities.
 Presence of raw materials.
CHALLENGES
 People in the community who are engaged in charcoal burning, bread making and pito
brewing faces a lot of health hazards.
 Firewood is the main source of fuel and thus pollutes the environment.
 Also waste from the industries is disposed openly which serves as breeding place for
mosquitoes.
 Lack of skilled labor.
 Low patronage.
 Inadequate funding.
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4.5.0 COMMERCE AND SERVICES

4.5.1Commerce and service activities are the minority as far as the occupational distribution of
Jato Zongo is concerned. The major commercial activities in Jato Zongo are petty trading and
service rendering activities also include teaching, nursing and dressmaking.
The table below shows the activities and the number of people involved in it.
Activity Example Number of Percentage (%)
people
Commerce Petty trading 25 35.21
Service Dressmaking 12
Teaching 30
Nursing 4 64.79
Total 71 100
The chart below illustrates the commerce and service activities in the community.
COMMERCE AND SERVICE ACTIVITIES
6%
Petty trading
35%
Dressmaking
42%
Teaching
Nursing
17%
4.5.2 PERIODIC MARKET

Although, the people of Jato Zongo are not having a potential structure for their market, they
however, have two market days that is, Tuesdays and Fridays. They have two market days in a
57
week because other traders come from different communities to lodge at Jato Zongo overnight
and continue their journey the next day to Ejura or Atebubu Market.
4.5.3 FINANCE AND BANKING SERVICE

There is no finance or banking institution in the community. Also, there is no cooperative credit
union as well.
TOURISM
The only source of tourist attraction in the community is the ‘Nyansoro’ dam.
4.5.4 POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES

POTENTIALS
 Availability of youthful population for the creation of employment.
 The presence of the school and health center serve as employment avenues for the youth.
CHALLENGES
 The major problem under this sector is the absence of a well-structured market center to sell
their produce. This makes it difficult for the women who trade, since they would have to go to
Atebubu or Ejura market to sell their produce.
 Poor road condition (the feeder road).
4.6.0 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE

4.6.1 HOUSEHOLD INCOME
The household income generated by the people of Jato Zongo community is dependent on
agricultural sector which include crop production and local industries such as pito brewing and
bread baking as well as commercial and service activities
4.6.2 HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURRE

The random sampling conducted by the group from 20 individuals belonging to different
households revealed that the income earned by the people is mostly spent on food, health,
transportation, clothing, education, communication and bills. The remaining is saved.
58
The table below shows the various patterns in which incomes are being expended in the
community annually on 20 sample household.
Items Annual Expenditure Percentage (%) Degree (0)
(GHC)
Food and 16750 38.60 138.97
Clothing
Education 7592.5 17.50 62.99
Health 2567.5 5.92 21.30
Others 7890 18.18 65.46
Saving 8589.5 19.80 71.27
Total 43,389.5 100 360
The expenditure pattern reveals that they spend 38.60% of their total expenditure on food and
clothing, 17.50% on education. 5.92% on health, 18.18% on other stuffs and save 19.80%.
This means that, the expenditure on food and clothing is the highest and expenditure on health is
the least.
The chart below shows the household expenditure of Jato Zongo community
59
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
20% Food and Clothing

39% Education
Health
18%
Others
6% Saving
17%
IV.6.3 INCOME DISTRIBUTION

The group interviewed 20 households out of the 395 on their income source and earning per
annum. The interview revealed that farming, trading, teaching, driving and dressmaking,
constitute the major sources of household incomes.
The table below represents the selected twenty (20) out of the 395.
Household Individual Income Per % Of % of Cum. Quintil Cum.

s Annum(GHC Household incom Incom e % of quintile on
) s e e (%) income households
(%)
1 Farmer 240 5 0.57 0.57 3.39 20
2 Trader 360 10 0.85 1.41
3 Recharge 480 15 0.85 2.26
cards
vendor
4 Carpenter 480 20 1.13 3.39
5 Charcoal 360 25 1.13 4.53 6.22 40
seller
6 Bread 600 30 1.41 5.94
Baker
7 Pito 720 35 1.70 7.64
60
brewery
8 Farmer 840 40 1.98 9.62
9 Farmer 960 45 2.26 11.88 10.33 60
10 Farmer 1020 50 2.40 14.29
11 Drug store 1200 55 2.83 17.11
12 Farmer 1200 60 2.83 19.94

13 Farmer 1440 65 3.39 23.34 18.95 80
14 Dressmake 1560 70 3.68 27.02
r
15 Farmer 4320 75 5.66 32.67
16 Nurse 2640 80 6.22 38.90
17 Charcoal 2400 85 10.18 49.08 61.10 100
seller
18 Teacher 5400 90 12.73 61.81
19 Farmer 6000 95 14.14 75.95
20 Agro- 10200 100 24.05 100.00
chemical
seller
Total 42420
INCOME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS

PRINCIPLE USED; The further away the curve is from the line of complete equality, the
greater the degree of income inequality, and the closer the curve is to the line of complete
equality, the lesser the degree of inequality on the income distribution.
A calculation of income inequality is the ratio of income received by bottom 40% and top 20%
of the population.
From the table, the Gini coefficient (G.C) is calculated as follows;
BOTTOM 40 %
G.C =
TOP20 %
9.61
G.C = =¿0.1573 ≈ 0.2
61.10
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INCOME DISTRIBUTION
120
100
80
% of Households
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% of Cum. Income
EQUALITY LORENZ CURVE
INTERPRETATION OF GINI COEFFICIENT (LORENZ CURVE)

The Lorenz curve is the most common way of presenting income distribution graphically. It is
plotted to analyze income statistic. The number of income recipient is plotted on the horizontal
axis not in absolute terms but in cumulative percentage, the vertical axis shows the share of total
income received by each percentage of the population. It is also cumulative to 100% which
means both axes are equivalent.
The principle behind the Lorenz curve is that, when the curve is closer to the line of equity
(within 0.0 and 0.5), it means that there is no significant difference between the poor and the rich
and if the curve is far away from the line of equity (within 0.6 and 1.0), it means that there is a
significant difference between the rich and the poor. Since the Gini coefficient is 0.2 which falls
between 0.0 and 0.5, it means that there is low inequality between the poor and the rich in Jato
Zongo.
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POVERTY SITUATION
An absolute poverty was defined by the UN in its 1995 report of the world summit for Social
Development as “a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs,
including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and
information”. It depends not only on income but also on access to service.
From the table presented above, the total annual income of twenty (20) sampled household is
GHC 42420.00. However, average annual income is calculated as;
TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME
Average annual income (AAI) =
TOTALSAMPLED HOUSEHOLDS
42420
AAI = =2121.00
20
The average income per household per year is 2121.00
Also, the Average Monthly Income (AMI) is calculated as;
Average income
Average Monthly Income =
Number of months∈a year
2121
=
12
= GH ¢76.75
This means that for every month a single person receives at least GHC 176.80.
4.7.0 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

4.7.1 TRANSPORT
MAJOR MODES OF TRANSPORT
The community is linked to other communities by a major road and a feeder road. However, the
community lack technical infrastructures such as G.P.R.T.U office, lorry Park or bus stop. Taxis,
bicycles, motorbikes and tricycles are mostly used as modes of transport. Others walk to the
nearby communities.
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ROAD CONDITIONS
There is a major road that links the community to the municipal capital and it is in a good
condition, however, there is also a feeder road linking the community to Yabukuru community
and it is at its worse state especially when it rains.
A picture showing the condition of the feeder road of the community leading to Yaburuku.
TRANSPORT SERVICE
There is no taxi nor bus stations in the community.
TRANSPORT PROBLEMS IN THE COMMUNITY
 Poor state of road that is, the feeder road.
 There is no taxi nor bus stations in the community.
4.7.2 COMMUNICATION
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES ACCESSIBLE
The community has no post office and postal agent. However, the community has information
center which announces any information from local governance, municipal level and any other
information. Most of the people use mobile phones which enhances communication.
Some of the cellular networks have bad coverage, which sometimes makes communication
difficult. The available networks in the community are Airtel-Tigo, Vodafone and MTN.
64
PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE COMMUNITY

 There are no post office and postal agent in the community
 Poor network connection in the community.
4.8.0 ENERGY
Energy is the most important utility in the community. The most patronized form of energy in
Jato Zongo community is electricity, firewood, charcoal and sun.
4.8.1 SOURCES OF ENERGY USED
The major source of energy in the community are
 Firewood for cooking and industrial processes like pito brewing.
 Sun for drying of farm produce such as maize, millet etc.
 Electricity in homes
 Charcoal as a source of heat during cold weathers and for cooking.
Sources of Energy by Number of Households

Source of energy Number of households
Firewood and charcoal 209
Firewood and electricity 51
Charcoal and electricity 65
Electricity and LPG 70
4.8.2 PROBLEMS OF ENERGY USED IN THE COMMUNITY

 Cutting down of trees increases environmental degradation
 Firewood produces smoke which causes air pollution
 Burning of charcoal causes higher or lower acidity and alkalinity to the soil.

 Poor road (feeder) condition
 Lack of credit facilities to grant loans to farmers to boost their production
 Little savings since most of the farming is done on subsistence bases.
 The main source of energy in Jato Zongo community is electricity and firewood.
65
[UNIT 5] HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE

The History of the Jato Zongo Community
The Jato Zongo community was established in the 1930s by a certain man called ‘Yahaya’ who
was also known as ‘Jato’ that is, an albino because of his complexion. It is believed that, he
migrated from the Sisaala land to Patra that is present day Patuda as a laborer and hunter.
However, the Akans (Bonos) living at Patuda those days did not entertain strangers in their
midst, this made him to sought permission from the Patuda chief to live on a virgin land closer to
Patuda community. Upon his arrival, he discovered a dam which served as source of water and
this dam was later named ‘Nyansoro. The people of the community regard it as a deity of the
land which they offer rituals to every year. This water body does not get dried up during the dry
season. Due to, the fertility of the land, other farmers and hunters from different places such as
the Dagombas, Gonjas, Konkombas, Moshis, Dagaatis, Fulani, Bonos etc came to settled at the
community. However, he saw them as visitors thereby calling the place ‘Zongo’, meaning a
place for visitors. Thus, the name Jato Zongo was given to the community based on the
complexion of the founder and the presence of visitors on the land. Concerning chieftaincy
issues in Jato Zongo, it is only the Sisaalas that can be chief over the community. However, the
Jato Zongo chief is a divisional chief under the Patuda chief. Therefore the people of Jato Zongo
pay tribute to the chief of Patuda every year. The two major languages spoken are Bono followed
by Dagbani. Bakatue festival is the biggest celebrated festival among the people of Jato Zongo.
They also celebrate the Kwafie festival.
As part of their celebration, ancestral stools are cleansed and the ancestral spirit in stool house
are also fed and evoked. Since the community is a heterogeneous community, they have different
cultural traits. The common food in the community is yam and tuozafi.
66
5.1.1 TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM

The traditional political system consists of the chief and his sub-chiefs/elders, linguist, etc.
The chart below shows how they appear in order:
Figure 5.2 Hierarchy of leadership
ATEBUBU CHIEF
PATUDA CHIEF
JATO ZONGO
CHIEF
LINGUIST
TRIBAL CHIEFS
FAMILY HEADS
COMMUNITY
MEMBERS
FUNCTIONS OF THE TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM
THE ATEBUBU CHIEF
He is the paramount chief of Atebubu Traditional area. He enstools the Patuda chief.
THE PATUDA CHIEF
He is in charge of the enstoolment of the Jato Zongo chief, he also acts as the custodian of the
land which covers the Jato Zongo territory.
67
THE JATO ZONGO CHIEF
 He is the divisional chief of Jato Zongo Community under the Patuda chief.
 He maintains law and order in the community.
 He is the mediator between the people and the paramount chief (Patuda chief).
 He summons meetings for decision making.
 He settles disputes between clans as well as the community members
THE LINGUIST
 He welcomes people to the chief palace.

 He interprets whatever the chief says during gatherings.
 He is the mouthpiece of the chief.
THE SUB-CHIEFS
 They are the heads of their respective tribes.

 They ensure unity among the various tribes.
 They also promote hard work among the various tribes.
 They assist the chief in decision making.
 They ensure that rules and regulations are obeyed.
 They revealed/deliver information to the community members in special occasions.
THE FAMILY HEADS

 They are the mouth pieces of their families respectively.
 They ensure unity and cooperation among families.
 They also settle family disputes.
THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS
 They take part in communal labor.
 They cooperate with leaders in the community to ensure development.
DECISION MAKING
The chief and his elders in consultation with the Assembly man and Unit committee members
make decision concerning the welfare of the community. However, there is also a women’s wing
leader called the “Magaazia” who also represent the women in decision making concerning the
welfare of the community.
68
5.1.2 MODERN POLITICAL STRUCTURE

This system is made up of municipal assembly, assemblyman, and area council and unit
committee. Jato Zongo community has one assemblyman who represents the people in the
formulation of polices that affect the whole municipal. He serves as a link between the municipal
and the community. He also facilitates developmental projects in the community.
Organogram of the existing modern political system in Jato Zongo community.
Municipal
Assembly
Area Council
Assembly
Member
Unit
Committee
Community
Members
FUNCTIONS OF THE MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY

 They monitor the on-going developmental projects in the municipal.
 They also initiate all developmental projects of the municipal which include the formation of
budget and other developmental plans.
FUNCTIONS OF THE AREA COUNCIL
 The council mobilizes revenue for the development of the area.

 The council performs administrative functions in the area.
FUNCTIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY MEMBER
 He represents the people in decision making at the municipal level.

 He monitors the activities of government within the community.and mobilizes the youth for
communal labor.
69
FUNCTIONS OF THE UNIT COMMITTEE
 Monitors the activities of government institutions in the community.

 Assists in the dissemination of information to the local people.
 Play supervisory role in the community.
5.1.3 INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERN AND TRADITIONAL POLITICAL

SYSYTEM
According to the group’s research, it was revealed that, there is a sort of communication system
between the two political structures. The traditional and modern political structures therefore
need to communicate in the manner described below;
For a community to progress, there is a need to effectively communicate and exchange
information between the two political structures. However, the traditional communication can
exist independently of the modern system but the vice versa cannot occur. Dissemination of
information can be done by official district communication. As part of the assemblyman’s duty
in serving as a link between the assembly and the community, information from the modern
political system is disseminated to the community members through the unit committees. For the
information to reach the community, members under the traditional system, the public address
system is used to announce the information to the people.
The diagram below represents the interrelationship between the modern and traditional
political systems.
MUNICIPAL
ASSEMBLYMAN CHIEF
ASSEMBLY
SECTIONAL COMMUNITY
TRIBAL CHIEFS
LEADERS MEMBERS
70
V.2.1NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) is a group of individuals or social organization who pull
their resources together for development. They are neither controlled nor funded by the
government, but operate within the national and district development frame work, as well as laid
down regulations of the area within which they operate. However, there is no NGO in the
community.
5.3.1 EXISTING INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATION

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
 Parent – Teacher Associations (PTA)
RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS
 Islam
 Christianity
 African traditional religion
HEALTH INSTITUTION
 Nurses
 Traditional healers
 Traditional birth attendant (TBA)
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
 Farmers
 Traders
INSTITUTIONAL LINKAGES
The above institutions are jointly linked in order to function effectively in the following ways;
 The educational institutions teach moral lessons as well as academic excellence.
 The health institutions attend to the health concerns of the people in the community
 The religious also attend to the spiritual needs of the community members
 The economic institutions help the people to be economically and financially active which
improves their standard of living.
71
The diagram below shows the linkages among the various institutions at Jato Zongo
Community.
Educational
Institution
Economic Religious
Institution Institution
Health
Institution
COMMUNITY INITIATED AND ONGOING PROJECTS

According to the assemblyman, there is an irrigation project that is under development.
72
[UNIT 6] COMMUNITY PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS EMANATING FROM THE

COMMUNITY PROFILE
THE COMMUNITY PROFILE
For the purpose of the above topic and its implications for development of the Jato Zongo
community, the group adopted the following tools analysis;
 Pairwise ranking: This is to enable us know the major need of the community that is, to
prioritize the needs of the community.
 Problem tree analysis: This is to enable us discover the causes and effects of the major
need of the community.
 SWOT Analysis: SWOT, an acronym for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat
of the community.
6.1.0 PAIRWISE RANKING

The group noted the top five (5) priorities of the community obtained from the chief, elders,
assembly man and some members of the community during the community forum. The top five
(5) priorities include;
A. Poor road conditions.

B. School (SHS).
C. Electricity (light).
D. Water.
E. Lack of well-structured market.
The table shows the results of the pairwise ranking of the Jato Zongo community
A B C D E TOTAL RANK
A A A A A 4 1st
B B B B 3 2nd
C C C 2 3rd
D D 1 4th
E 0 5th
From the table above, it can be seen that the major problem the community faces is poor road
conditions.
73
THE
Improper layout
Topography of the Lack of financial support
community
Poor monitoring of feeder Delay in road project

Irregular movement
Bad drainage system roads execution
of rain water
Water stagnate
Destruction of roads
Erosion
Potholes
Poor road Conditions
Difficulty in transportation
Road become difficult to use High cost of transportation
of farm produce
Spoilage Breakdown of Waste of economic Affect the efficiency of their

vehicles time daily activities
Low income
Accident
Debt
Injuries Death
Reduction in farming
scale
Labor reduction
Low output
High cost of living
Poverty
Under development
THIS IS THE PROBLEM TREE OF THE JATO ZONGO COMMUNITY.

74
SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE JATO ZONGO COMMUNITY

SWOT is the abbreviation of Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats. The potentials
and opportunities of the community were analyzed using ‘SWOT analysis’ under some heading,
social and economic important.
The table below shows the SWOT analyses;
SECTOR STRENGTH WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIE THREATS
S
 Availabilit  Financial  Support  Refusal
y of constraints from the of posting
teaching  Inadequate municipal by
personnel infrastruct assembly teachers.
and PTA ures. fund.  Less
 Interest in  High rate  Help from motivatio
school at of drop- GES, n for
early out from NGO’s staff.
stage. lower to  School is  Poor
Education  Availabilit higher accessible attitude
y of classes. within the towards
classroom  Lack of communit education.
s at each SHS y.  Teenage
stage or  Lack of pregnanc
level. interventio y and
 Existence n from drug
of school organizati abuse.
feeding ons and
program philanthro
pists.
 Availabilit Financial  Support  Unwilling
y of herbs constraints from ness of
for governme personnel
treatment nt and to work in
75
of Lack of health NGO’s the rural

common personnel areas.
Health diseases.  NHIS,  Lack of
 Presence ministry of NHIS
of health health, office.
facility. NGOs,  Poor road
 Presence  Sensitizati condition.
of on of
pharmaceu diseases
tical control.
facilities.
 Availabilit  Financial  Support  Unstable
y of fertile problems from prices of
land  The use of MOFA, farm
Agriculture  High labor primitive IFAD and produce.
force farm tools NGOs  Lack of
 Availabilit  Inadequate ready
y of storage market
farming facilities.  Unstable
tools and  Low rainfall
chemical productivit pattern.
shops. y.
 Availabilit  Inadequate  Communa  High cost
y of boreholes. l labor. of
boreholes  Lack of  Repair materials.
Water and and wells. waste and  Breakdo
sanitation  Availabilit disposal maintenan wn of
y of refuse facilities. ce of borehole
dumps. boreholes. s.
 High
prevalenc
76
e diseases
such as
malaria
and
cholera
Industry  Presence  Low  Support  Poor road
of raw skilled from condition.
materials. labor. NGO’s
 Inadequate and
machines. governme
nt.
Demograph  High labor  Untrained  Support  Urban

ic force for personnel. from migration
characterist developme  Low philanthro .
ics. nt. income. pists and  High rate
 High NGO’s of
population  Support poverty
of children from
at school governme
going age. nt and
district
assembly.
6.1 NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT

6.1.2 PROBLEMS
1. Deforestation: The felling down of trees by the people for firewood and charcoal
burning leaves the land bare which leads to desertification.
77
2. Pollution: Improper disposal of waste materials in the community poses a challenge

to the people’s health. Inadequate toilet facilities in the community makes people to
defecate around nearby bushes.
3. Poor drainage system.
4. Unpredictable rainfall pattern
6.1.2 POTENTIALS
1. The nature of the soil is good for crop farming.
2. The nature of the vegetation which is Savannah provides favorable condition for the
growth of cash crops such as Shea nut
3. Neem trees, mango trees and Dawadawa plants are used for medicinal purposes.
6.2 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

6.2.1 PROBLEMS
1. Adult illiteracy is very high with majority of them having their education below the
basic level.
2. The number of children between the ages of 0 – 14 is very high. This indicates high
age dependency.
3. Low income for the population.
4. Lack of education on family planning measures of the people.
6.2.2 POTENTIALS
1. The population of the community is a youthful one with a high labor force for
development.
2. High population leading cheap labor.
3. High population leading to reciprocity in farming.
6.3 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

6.3.1PROBLEMS
78
1. Illiteracy rate is very high in the community.

2. The road network of the community is very bad.
3. There are inadequate health equipment at the community health center.
4. There is a high degree of poor sanitation in the community.
6.3.2 POTENTIALS
1. The people of the community have a sources of water (bore holes, well etc.).
2. The community has a school which promotes education.
3. Presence of traditional birth attendance and healers.
4. The unity of the heterogeneous populace in the community ensures peace and
harmony in the community, which is good for development.
6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

6.4.1 PROBLEMS
1. Lack of modern storage facilities compels farmers to sell their farm produce at a cheaper
price.
2. Farmers lack modern methods of farming which leads to low productivity.
3. There are insufficient capital inputs to yield enough outputs.
4. Due to the bad nature of their roads, farmers find it difficult to transport their farm
produce to the nearest market.
5. High cost of agricultural implement.
6.4.2 POTENTIALS
1. Vast fertile land for the cultivation of food crops. Examples; millet, watermelon,
yam, groundnuts and maize.
2. Suitable climate conditions for the rearing of all species of livestock.
3. Availability of raw materials for local industries.
4. Vast land for developmental projects such as school (SHS), market, police station
and GPRTU station.
5. Presence of medicinal trees such as dawadawa, shea nut, neem etc.
79
6.5 HISTORICAL AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE

6.5.1 PROBLEMS
1. Decision making process is delayed as regard to the welfare of the community since
the modern and traditional system has to be consulted before decision is made.
2. Females in the community are not effectively involved in decision making process
since there are no female heads in the community.
6.3.3 POTENTIALS
1. The District Assembly common fund can be used to undertake developmental
projects in the community.
2. The de--centralized system facilitates information dissemination to the grass root
level.
3. The assistance from NGO’s will enhance development.
80
[UNIT 7] CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

7.1 CONCLUSION
Jato Zongo is a community in the Atebubu-Amantin Municipal in the Bono East Region of
Ghana. It is bordered to the North by Purusu No.1, to the South by Yaburuku to the East by
Jompa and to the West by Sampa. It lies between latitudes 7 o 39’ 0’’ N and longitudes 1⁰ 4’ 0’’
W. It is the third largest community in the Municipal. The community occupies approximately
40 square kilometers (sqkm) without their farmlands.
Through a group survey, we were able to locate three hundred and ninety-five (395) houses in
the community with a total population of four thousand, two hundred and sixty (4260), of which
the males dominate with 58.0% and the remaining 42.0% are females.
The community is purely dominated by people of Northern tribes; the tribe of the indigenous
people is Konkomba tribe in Northern region of Ghana. Most of the people are Christians and a
few more are Muslims with just a small percentage of the people being Traditionalist.
The main occupation of the people in the community is farming with some few government
workers, petty traders as well as self-employed.
The community has a Kindergarten, Primary and Junior High School. The main source of water
in the community is mechanized boreholes, hand pump borehole and wells.
Jato Zongo is a community that has shown that its future can be great, if good policies are taken
into consideration based on their agricultural and commercial activities.
81
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
The group therefore recommends the following for the development of the community;
 The Municipal Assembly and the Ministry of agriculture should finish the irrigation
project to increase employments and enhance all year long agriculture activities.
 The Ministry of road and highway in collaboration with the District Assembly/GPRTU
should construct the community road to improve the agricultural sector and trading.
 The Zoom Lion Company should come to the aid of this community with dustbins and
trucks for proper disposal and conveying of refuse.
 Commercial livestock rearing should be encouraged since there is enough pasture for the
animals to feed on.
 The Government should subsidize the price of farming tools and chemicals to make it
affordable to all farmers.
 The Government and NGO’s should help the community to get a well-structured
market center.
 The Municipal assembly and GES should help give scholarships to brilliant but needy
students.
 Provision of adequate teaching and learning materials.
 Provision of farm inputs and modern farming techniques by government through MOFA
and others.
 Extending financial assistant to the farmers and other small scale industries.
 Empowering the youths through training to equip them with skills.
 Provision of incinerators and dustbins for proper waste disposals to improve sanitation.
 Educating farmers on how to control army worm infestation and other pests and diseases.
82
APPENDICES
GLOSSARY
TTFPP…………………...THIRD TRIMESTER FIELD PRACTICAL PROGRAM

UDS……………………. UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
BMB……………………... BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
MEN……………………. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AGB……………………… AGRIBUSINESS
DSC……………………….. DIPLOMA IN SOCIAL CHANGE
AGT………………………. AGRIC TECHNOLOGY
DFC…………………………DIPLOMA IN FAMILY AND CONSUMER SCIENCE
NGO…………………………NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
JHS……………………….....JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
TBA……………………….. TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT
MOFA………………………MINISTRY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ROR…………………………ROOM OCCUPANCY RATES
UR………………………….UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
UN………………………..…UNITED NATION
GES…………………………GHANA EDUCATION SERVICE
EDR………………………...ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO
ALF………………………...ACTIVE LABOUR FORCE
AHS………………………. AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE
FR………………………… FERTILITY RATE
TPR………………………… TEACHER TO PUPIL RATIO
KG…………………………. KINDERGARTEN
NPR………………………… NURSE TO PATIENT RATIO
GC…………………………. GINI COEFFICIENT
AAI………………………… AVERAGE ANNUAL INCOME
NHIS………………………. NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME
TMR……………………… TOTAL MORTALITY RATE
GPRTU…………………… GHANA PUBLIC ROAD TRANSPORT UNOIN
PNDC……………………… PROVISIONAL NATIONAL DEFENCE COUNCIL
83
84
COMMUNITY LAYOUT OF JATO ZONGO
85
District map of Atebubu-Amantin
REFERENCE
 UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, (2019) FIELD GUIDE
 ATEBUBU-AMANTIN ASSEMBLY, SECONDARY DATA.
 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF POPULATION, (1982).
QUESTIONNAIRES
This questionnaire was used to collect raw data from the various sections of the community.
N 0 15 6 65+ TOTA PRI MID/J TERT OCCU RELIGI HS

O. - - 1- L HS PATIO ON E
4 60 6 N
4
1. Sex Male [] Female [ ] 2. Marital Status Married [] Single []
86
AGRICULTURE
1. What major crops do you grow?
2. Which farming practice or system do you use?
a. Bush fallowing b. Mixed cropping c. Crop- rotation d. Others
3. Why is that farming system preferred? Give reasons
4. What is the level of your farming?
A. Subsistence b. Commercial
5. Do you have a market? Yes / No
6. How close are you to the market center (i) Proximity (ii) Distance?
7. How do you get money to finance your farming activities? a. Bank loans (b) Personal
Saving (c) Ploughing back profit (d) Borrowing (e) Donor Support
8. How do you store your farm produce?
9. How do you acquire land for farming?
10. How does the acquisition for land affect farming?
11. What tools or implements do you use on the farm?
12. Do you belong to any organization (Co-operatives etc.), if yes, what is the name?
13. What are the common disease that affect crop production?
14. Do you raise any farm animal or poultry? If yes mention
15. What diseases affect your animals?
HEALTH AND NUTRITION

1. What are the common diseases that occur in the community?
2. What are the causes of these diseases in your opinion? a. gods/ancestors (b) germs
3. Do you have a health post?
4. How is treatment given during the time of sickness? a. Herbalist/Priest (b) Self-
medication (c) Hospital
5. How is it preserved? (a) Refrigeration (b) Drying (c) Others (Specify)
6. Maternal and child mortality a. Number of life births recorded (b) Number of deaths
recorded during birth
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
87
CHIEFS AND CLAN HEADS

1. What is the name of the community and its meaning?
2. What is the history of the community?
3. How many clans are in the community?
4. What is the structure of information flow to and from the community?
5. What are the traditional festivals celebrated in the community?
6. What are the sacred places of the community?
7. What are the taboos associated with these places in the community?
8. What is the relationship between the traditional rulers and the modern political leaders?
9. What animals are forbidden in the community?
10. How are decisions taken? Are women involved during decision making?
11. How is property acquired and owned in the community?
12. What are the problems faced by the community?
13. What are the taboos in the community?
14. What are the religious institutions available and their relationship?
INTERVIEWS
SCHOOL
1. How many communities does the school serve?
2. What are the teaching and learning materials in stock?
3. What are the recreational facilities in stock?
4. How many members of staff do you have?
5. What is the level of your education?
6. What are the males and females’ enrolment for the various classes in the school?
7. What is the level of drop out in the school?
8. What are the possible causes of drop out in the school?
9. Does the community support the school?
10. Are there any developmental partners to support the school?
RURAL INDUSTRIES
1. What is your name and occupation?
88
2. How did you acquire that skill?

3. What is the process involved in making your products?
4. What are the sources of finance?
5. Which raw materials do you use in your production?
6. Where and how do you obtain these raw materials?
7. Are these raw materials readily available?
8. Where do you sell your produce?
9. How do you obtain labor?
10. What are the various challenges you face?
89

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UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

THIRD TRIMESTER FIELD PRACTICAL PROGRAM (TTFPP)

COMMUNITY PROFILE OF JATO ZONGO IN THE ATEBUBU-AMANTIN

SUMMITED BY: GROUP 58 (2018/2019)

COORDINATOR: DR. OSMAN T. DAMBA

TO THE UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (UDS)

LIST OF GROUP 58 MEMBERS

STUDENT ID STUDENT NAME

DFC/0071/18 FORSON SALAMATU

DFC/0072/18 ASUMNAYA ANGELA

AGT/0050/18 OSEI KOFI DOMINIC

AGT/0051/18 ABDUL AZIZ ABDUL MAJEED

AGT/0052/18 MOHAMMED HARDI IBRAHIM

DSC/0057/18 BUABENG FOSUA PRISCILLA

DSC/0056/18 YUSSIF HUMAIYA

BMB/0025/18 ABDULLAH MOHAMMED MUNTALA

AGB/0025/18 YAHAYA ANDAMAH

AGB/0024/18 SALIFU CHRISTOPHER

MEN/0015/18 KORSAH KWEGYIR NANA

MEN/0016/18 AMEXO YAO CHRISTIAN

3.5.2 DOCTOR TO PATIENT RATIO..........................................................................................32

4.5.3 FINANCE AND BANKING SERVICE................................................................................56

[UNIT 7] CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................80

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FOR YEAR ONE TTFPP

TASK FOR YEAR ONE

[UNIT 1.0] NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT

1.1.6 GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPE

Geology and soil type of Jato Zongo community

 The soil type supports the cultivation of cereals and legumes.

1.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE BASE

THE TABLE BELOW INDICATES THE MAIN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

A picture of sheep in a pen at Jato Zongo.

1.2.3 FOREST TYPE

A picture showing the forest type of Jato Zongo community

1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

1.3.2 BUILT ENVIRONMENT

1.3.3 LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

[UNIT 2.0] POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

2.2 AGE- SEX STRUCTURE

Table 2.2 Age- Sex structure

AGE GROUP MALES FEMALES TOTAL

0-14 1055 766 1821

AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION IN PERCENTAGE

AGE MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES TOTAL

2.2.1 LABOUR FORCE

ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO

dependents∧unemployed within economically active

2.3 POPULATION DENSITY

2.4.0 HOUSEHOLD SIZE

2.5.0 FERTILITY AND MORTALITY RATE

2019 (1st half) 20 26 46

Source: Jato Zongo CHPS compound.

2.5.3 MORTALITY RATE (M.R)

2.7.0 MAJOR FINDINGS

[UNIT 3] SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

THE VARIOUS RELIGIONS IN JATO ZONGO

ETHNICITY, KINSHIP, VALUES & NORMS, TABOOS, AND MARRIAGE SYSTEM