IMPROPER INTEGRALS

MATH148
CALCULUS 3
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the student is expected
to:
• evaluate an improper integral that has an
infinite limit of integration.
• evaluate an improper integral that has an
infinite discontinuity.
 DEFINITION OF IMPROPER INTEGRALS
WITH INFINITE INTEGATION LIMITS

1. If f is continuous on the interval [𝒂, ∞), then

∞ 𝒃
𝒂
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒂 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝒃→∞
2. If f is continuous on the interval (−∞, 𝒃], then
𝒃 𝒃
−∞
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒂 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝒂→−∞
3. If f is continuous on the interval (∞, ∞), then
∞ 𝒄 ∞
−∞
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −∞
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
where c is any real number.
• In the first two cases, the improper integral
converges if the limit exists−otherwise, the
improper integral diverges.
• In the third case, the improper integral on the
left diverges if either of the improper integrals
on the right diverges.
 Exercise 1.1a
• Determine whether the improper integral diverges or
converges. Evaluate the integral if it converges.
∞ 3 ∞
1. 1 𝑥5
𝑑𝑥 6. 0
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥𝑑𝑥
0 −4𝑥 ∞ 𝑙𝑛𝑥
2. −∞
𝑥𝑒 𝑑𝑥 7. 1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∞ −𝑥 ∞ 𝑒𝑥
3. 0
𝑥 − 1 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 8. 0 1+𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∞ 4
4. −∞ 16+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
∞ 𝑥3
5. 2
0 𝑥 +1 2 𝑑𝑥
 DEFINITION OF IMPROPER INTEGALS
WITH INFINITE DISCONTINUITIES
1. If f is continuous on the interval [a,b) and has an
infinite discontinuity at b, then
𝒃 𝒄
𝒂
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒊𝒎− 𝒂 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝒄→𝒃
2. If f is continuous on the interval (a,b] and has an
infinite discontinuity at a, then
𝒃 𝒃
𝒂
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒊𝒎+ 𝒄 𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝒄→𝒂
3. If f is continuous on the interval [a,b] except for
some c in (a,b) at which f has an infinite discontinuity,
then
𝒃 𝒄 𝒃
𝒂
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
• In the first two cases, the improper integral
converges if the limit exists—otherwise, the
improper integral diverges. In the third case,
the improper integral on the left diverges if
either of the improper integrals on the right
diverges.
 SPECIAL TYPE OF IMPROPER INTEGRAL

• THEOREM:

1
∞ 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝜌>1
1 𝑥𝜌
= 𝜌−1
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠, 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 1
 Exercise 1.1b
• Determine whether the improper integral diverges or
converges. Evaluate the integral if it converges.
8 1 ∞ 1
1. 0 3 8−𝑥
𝑑𝑥 6. 3 𝑥 𝑥 2 −9
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2 ∞ 4
2. 0
𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 7. 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥+6
Type equation here.
𝜋
∞ 1
3. 2
0
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃 8. 1 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
4 2
4. 2 𝑥 𝑥 2 −4
𝑑𝑥
3 2
5. 1 8 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−2 3
 Exercise1.1c
1
1. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = its
4−𝑥 2
asymptotes, and the x-axis.
4
2. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = ,
the
𝑥 2 +1
x-axis, and to the right of the line 𝑥 = 1.
3. Find the arc length of the graph of
𝑦 = 16 − 𝑥 2 over the interval [0,4].
4. Find the area of the surface formed by revolving the
graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑒 −𝑥 on the interval 0, ∞ about the
x-axis.
5. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving
the region bounded by 𝑦 ≤ 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥 ≥ 0.
 Exercise1.1 – 80 points
Refer to slide #s 6, 11, 12, kindly solve the
following:
Exercise 1.1a #s 4,7 – 10 points each
Exercise 1.1b #s 4, 5, 8 – 10 points each
Exercise 1.1c #s 1, 5 – 15 points each